uk education system

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UK Education System Guide

The UK education system is reputed worldwide for its high quality and standards. Britons enter the education system at the age of three, and up to 16 are obliged to attend school (compulsory education), while afterward is upon their choice.

Generally, the British higher education system has five stages of education: 

• Early Years
• Primary Years
• Secondary Education
• Further Education (FE)
• Higher Education (HE) 

Besides sharing many similarities, the UK education system at different levels at each zone of administration (England, Scotland, and Wales) differs a bit. Generally speaking, these differences could be more meaningful if we discuss UK higher education as one.

In the UK, everybody over five and under 16 is obliged to attend school. This aging time frame contains two sections of the education system in the UK: Primary and Secondary Schools.

The Compulsory Education in the UK 

Compulsory education in the UK is divided into four key stages, distinguished by a student’s age. The first stage includes 5 to 7-year-olds, and the fourth and final stage lasts from the age of 14 to age 16. 

Here are the four stages of mandatory education in the UK and the curricula for each key stage:

First Key Stage 

The first key stage in compulsory education in England includes children from 5 to 7 years old, otherwise known as a primary school, comprising the first two years. 

Here are some of the main subjects that this stage of mandatory education includes:

• English Language 
• Mathematics
• Physical Education

During the first year of this stage, the curriculum structure contains the Phonic screening, a short assessment of kids’ ability to decode and understand phonics properly. Typically, the teacher will ask the students to repeat a list of around 40 words out loud. At the end of this stage (the same in all stages), these pupils will sit for an examination to measure their English, Maths, and Science knowledge development.

Second Key Stage

Between 7 to 11 years, pupils will be in the second key stage of compulsory education. The second key stage includes years 3 to 6. At this level, the curriculum is designed to give students a more advanced understanding of the previously gained knowledge on the core subjects. 

At the end of this stage, the school will test students in the following subjects:

• English reading.
• English grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
• Mathematics.

In English and Mathematics, the testing will be done through national assessment tests, while the teacher will independently assess the level of improvement of each student in Science.

Third Key Stage

Pupils aged 11 to 14 belong to the third stage of compulsory education, or years 7 to 9. This education level is essential to a certain degree because only a few years later, they will sit for the GCSE national qualification. 

The curriculum during this stage of education will also contain new subjects at which students are supposed to get some basic knowledge before moving any further in the upcoming stages of education.

The subjects learned in Key Stage 3 are:

• Art and Design
• Physical Education 
• Modern Foreign Languages 
• Design and Technology and Computing

At the end of the third Key Stage, some students may take their GCSE or other national qualifications. 

Fourth Key Stage

The final stage of compulsory education, key stage 4, lasts from 14 to 16 and includes years 10 to 12. The fourth key stage is the most common period for students to undertake the national assessment tests that will lead them to take a GCSE or other national qualifications.

The compulsory national curriculum at this stage contains the “core” and “foundation” subjects.

Here are the “core” subjects taught at the fourth key stage:

And here are the “foundation” subjects taught at the key stage 4:

• Citizenship

Additionally, schools in the UK are obliged to offer one of the following subjects during this stage of education.

• Design and Technology
• Modern Foreign Languages

The Higher Education System in the United Kingdom 

In particular, UK higher education is valued worldwide for its renowned standards and quality. Its higher education’s prestige also emanates from its graduates’ work afterward. Many eminent people in many different areas whose work reached global recognition came from British universities. 

Some universities and other higher education providers are ranked top among universities worldwide. The UK capital city, London, not by accident, is considered to be the world’s capital city of higher education. With its four universities ranked in the world’s top ten, London has the highest number of worldwide-ranked universities per city.

By definition, UK higher education is the level of education that follows secondary school at the hierarchy of the educational system in the UK. When high school is over, Britons have to sit in a standard examination, making them eligible not to continue their education at a higher level.

What is the Difference Between Colleges and Universities?

In the UK education system, in contrast to the US higher education, there is a difference between college and university. While in the US, there is no distinction between college and university, with most people referring to a higher education provider as a college, in the UK, this is not the case. 

In the UK, a college is a further education institution that prepares students to earn a degree. At the same time, a university is a licensed HE institution that awards students with a degree at the end of their studies. 

Studying in the UK as an International Student 

If you’re an international student , you must know that not all higher education providers in the UK are referred to as a university. This issue is regulated by law. 

As this official regulation states, a higher education institution can be labeled as a university under these circumstances:

• If it gets approved by the Privy Council under the Further and Higher Education Act 1992.
• If it gets approval under the provisions of the Companies Act 2006.

International students from countries other than the European Economic Area (EEA) or Switzerland must apply for a student visa to study in the UK.

The UK Higher Education Degree Levels and Programs

Based on the actual education regulations in the UK education system, Higher Education comprises the following levels of courses. 

1. Undergraduate Courses

Undergraduate courses in the UK include a wide range of first degrees which are listed below.

• Bachelor’s Degree 
• Honors and Ordinary Degrees 
• Qualified Teacher Status 
• Enhanced First Degrees 
• Intercalated Degrees (medical schools or other specific study fields allow students to take a year off between the second and third years to study a different area which can be a BA, BSc, or master’s degree program).

Here are other undergraduate courses: 

• Foundation degrees 
• Higher National Diploma HND (or equivalent) 
• NHC (or equivalent), etc.

An undergraduate course usually takes three years; however, Scotland is an exception, where undergraduate courses take four years to complete. The higher education system in the UK has many universities that offer 4-year undergraduate courses, also known as “ sandwich courses .” This program includes a one-year work experience —usually carried out in the third year.

Keep in mind: Some British universities offer fast-track programs where you can obtain a Master’s degree at the undergraduate level. Unlike traditional undergraduate courses, fast-track programs allow students to attend an additional year of studying instead of taking a Bachelor’s degree which leads to a Master’s program. 

Besides, it costs much less than the typical 3-year undergraduate courses; however, it usually is much more intense with shortened holiday breaks and a heavy schedule.

2. Postgraduate Courses 

The postgraduate degree programs are only obtainable if you have a bachelor’s degree at an accredited university (not necessarily one in England).

The postgraduate level includes the following degrees:

• Master’s Degree (Taught or Research). Master’s degrees usually last one year or longer if they are research-based.
• Doctorate. The typical doctoral degree takes three years to complete. 
• Postgraduate Diplomas.
• Postgraduate Certificates of Education (PGCE).
• Professional Degrees.

Note: To enter this level, it is usually required to have a first degree (Bachelor’s).

The Higher Education Curriculum and Admission Process 

In the UK’s education system, most syllabi are set by the universities offering them and are not controlled by the government or certain British educational institutions. The only exception to this is teacher education programs, which the government has a lot of say over. 

The British government has established the Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills (Ofsted) to maintain those standards. Most countries have specific regulations for their teachers, so this isn’t any different than studying teaching in your home country. Because of its strict rules and high standards for teacher education programs, the UK is considered to have some of the best teacher education programs in the world.

Even though universities set the syllabi, the Office for Fair Access (OFFA) in the British school system has a lot of say in the admission procedures of each university. This office was created so everyone who wishes to attend university in the UK can do so. They also promote fair access to higher education, even for those attending university as international students. Appropriate access also includes those of different cultures, different races, different nationalities, and those who have disabilities.

UK Tuition Fees and Costs

The reputation of British higher education goes hand in hand with its costs. Tuition fees may vary from university to university, as well as from one location to another.

So it’s always advisable to check the university’s website before making further study plans. Indeed, to attend a British university, you need a lot of money packed in —whether you’re a native or not— but since there are many scholarship schemes , you can always apply for one.

The tuition fees of UK universities also vary depending on the degree level and study program. The average tuition fees for international students range from ~£17,109 (USD 20,876) to  ~£22,200 (USD 27,000). 

• Undergraduate tuition fees: International students pay around £11,400 – £38,000 (USD 13,900 – USD 46,355).
• Postgraduate tuition fees: International students pay around £9,000 – £30,000 (USD 10,980 – USD 36,570)

International students are a substantial part of the student population in British universities. The UK is the second most popular study destination for international students, following the US at the top. If you decide to be one of more than a million international students in the US, you’re one step away from a guaranteed brighter future.

Academics and employers value the UK education system and its higher education degrees worldwide. The UK has a rich history of quality higher education, and each university has excellent options for any student.

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British education system

An introduction to the british education system.

The education system in the UK is divided into four main parts, primary education, secondary education, further education and higher education.

The education system in the UK is also split into "key stages" which breaks down as follows:

• Key Stage 1:  5 to 7 years old
• Key Stage 2:  7 to 11 years old
• Key Stage 3:  11 to 14 years old
• Key Stage 4:  14 to 16 years old

UK primary education

Primary school education begins in the UK at age 5 and continues until age 11, comprising key stages one and two under the UK educational system.

Some primary schools are split up into Infant and Junior levels. These are usually separate schools on the same site. The infant age range (Key Stage 1) is from age 5 to 7. The Junior age range (Key Stage 2) is from age 7 to 11. The year groups at primary School level are:

Year R (Reception) (age 4 – 5) Year 1 (age 5 - 6) Year 2 (age 6 - 7) The year when SATs testing takes place for Key Stage 1 Year 3 (age 7 - 8) Year 4 (age 8 - 9) Year 5 (age 9 - 10) Year 6 (age 10 - 11) The year when SATs testing takes place for Key Stage 2

secondary school - years 7 and 8

Years 7 and 8 are the first two years of secondary school education in the UK. In some independent schools they are included in the Junior School, in others, they are part of the Senior School. 

Under the UK school system, all students study English, Maths, Sciences, a Humanity and a Modern Language. Besides these subjects, each school has a list with optional subjects (Art, Music, Drama, Latin, Sport Science, Design Technology, Computer Science),  and  students may choose a few subjects that interest them. 

In some schools, students sit the Common Entrance Exam in year 7. There are 3 examination sessions, in November, January and May/June. The transition from Junior to Senior School (from year 8 to year 9) may be conditioned upon the Common Entrance Exam results in those schools.

secondary school - year 9

Year 9 is a very important year in the British school system, as most of the students make the transition from Junior School to Senior School. It is also a very good foundation for the GCSE programme and it is an entry point to all schools. 

Students study English, Maths, Sciences, Humanity and Languages. In addition, students choose a few subjects from the optional subject list offered by each school. 

secondary education - years 10 and 11

GCSE programme

In the last two years of secondary education, which are called Year 10 and Year 11, starting at age 14, students prepare for GCSE exams that are taken after two years (General Certificate of Secondary Education).

In the UK school system, during the GCSE programme, students study between 9 and 12 subjects. Some of them are compulsory (English, Math, 2/3 Sciences, History/Geography, a Modern Language etc.), some are chosen by each student according to their abilities and preferences. At the end of the 2 year GCSE programme, following the examinations on each studied subject, students receive their GCSE Certificates.

The chosen subjects and the GCSE results are very important for their Further Studies (A-Level or IB) and for their University admission.

Intensive 1 year GCSE

Some schools offer a 1 Year GCSE programme in Year 11 for international students seeking a school education in the UK. These intensive, one year courses, are available for students aged 15 plus, with the appropriate academic level from their own country. Fewer subjects are studied (maximum 6).

The IGCSE programme ( International  General Certificate of Secondary Education) prepare international students for A-Level and/or IB.

Students study between 5 and 7 subjects, English, Maths and Science being included. Each school has a list of available subjects for IGCSE students. At the end of Year 11, students take exams in each studied subject and receive IGCSE Certificates.

university preparation - years 12 and 13

A level study

In the UK school system, once a student reaches the age of 16, they can start a 2 year programme which leads to A (Advanced) level examinations. Students specialise in 3 or 4 subjects, that are usually relevant to the degree subject they wish to follow at university. A levels are state examinations and are recognised by all UK universities and by institutions worldwide.

At the end of Year 13, following the examinations in each subject, the students receive A level Certificates.

International Baccalaureate (IB)

Those who would like to study more than 3-4 subjects, may continue their studies in a broader number of subjects with the International Baccaularete Diploma Programme, offered by some independent schools.

During the IB, students study 6 subjects, 3 at higher level (HL) and 3 at standard level (SL). Each school offers different subjects at different study levels (HL/SL). The IB programme also includes a compulsory Core programme consisting of Theory of Knowledge (TOK), Extended Essay (EE) and Creativity, Activity, Service (CAS).

Students take written examinations on each subject at the end of their courses.

further education - vocational courses

International students can either choose a state sixth form college or a college of further education as an alternative to private education. Both offer GCSE and A level courses for students from the age of 16. Colleges of further education also offer foundation and diploma courses. All colleges can prepare students for entry to a  UK university or any university in the world. Bright World works with a number of state colleges in the UK which provide a multitude of vocational and academic courses. These courses can enable students to pursue their chosen career or to gain a place at a university of their choice.

The British school system also extends to BTEC courses which are designed for students who would like to develop practical knowledge and skills in a specific subject (Business, Psychology, Engineering, Sport, Art & Design) and find traditional exams challenging. Focussing on practical, skills-based learning, the BTEC students are assessed during the course. After each unit students are assessed through assignments, tasks or tests, and not at the end of the programme as it happens with GCSE or A-Level students.

university - foundation courses

From age 17, international students can opt to study one year foundation programmes, instead of A levels or IB. These courses lead to private examinations that are an alternative to A levels. Foundation courses at colleges are recognised by universities with whom they have partnerships.

Some universities also offer foundation courses that lead onto their own degree programmes.

Bright World has partnerships with a number of colleges and Pathway providers and can help place students into Foundation and Diploma courses in London and across the UK.

university - undergraduate study

In the UK, a British bachelors degree normally takes three years to complete and most are awarded at honours level. Examples of first degrees are: BA (Bachelor of Arts), BEng (Bachelor of Engineering), and BSc (Bachelor of Science).

State colleges offer some 2 year vocational diplomas that grant exemption from the first and sometimes second year of a degree programme. Some private tutorial colleges offer a one year diploma programme which is equivalent to year 1 of university. Students taking 1 year diplomas are awarded second year entry at some universities.

university - postgraduate study

Postgraduate courses in the UK education system are very intensive. This means that the courses are usually much shorter than in other countries. A master's degree typically takes 12 months to complete, for example an MA - Master of Arts and an MEng - Master of Engineering. An MBA (Master of Business Administration) is a high profile Masters course which can take 2 years. Applicants will usually be high achieving with at least 2 years managerial experience. A PhD research degree in the UK can take between 2 and 7 years.

boarding schools

Bright World works almost exclusively with privately funded schools and colleges. A boarding school is a residential school where pupils live and study during the school year. There are approximately 500 boarding schools across England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

UK boarding schools offer pupils an outstanding education, helping them to develop their skills and progress to university. All UK boarding schools have to meet strict government standards on the quality of their teaching, facilities and student care.

Many UK boarding schools combine beautiful, centuries-old buildings with a mix of modern classrooms and traditional architecture. The excellent facilities help make living and learning a great experience and pupils will will improve their  English skills while they study.

tutorial colleges

Tutorial Colleges start at age 15 and have a more flexible programme range, focussing on fast access to UK university.

Many of the independent private sixth form colleges in Oxford, Cambridge and London work on a 'tutorial system' and are often referred to as 'tutorial colleges'. The tutorial system originates from Oxford and Cambridge Universities and is a very highly regarded and much tested system. It it is still used today and is the cornerstone of an 'Oxbridge' education. A tutorial is a small class of only a few students, in which the tutor (a lecturer or other academic faculty member) gives individual attention to the students.

state boarding schools

A state boarding school is one where you pay for boarding and the education is free. The government pays for the education as it would at any other state school in England.

Admission to state boarding schools in the UK is limited to children who are nationals of the UK and are eligible to hold a full UK passport, or those who are nationals of other European Union countries or those who have the right of residence in the UK. Please note that the holding of a BN(O) passport does not make the child eligible for a state boarding school in the UK.

F E Colleges

An FE college is an institution that provides education for those above school age (age 16). There are many types of FE colleges including, sixth form colleges, specialist colleges and adult education institutes. FE Colleges are state run and as such those members of the EU joining can benefit from free education. There is also a competitive fee structure available for non-EU international students.

pathway courses at university

If you need to improve your English language or study skills before attending a UK university, pathway providers offer unique foundation courses which often lead to direct degree-level entry upon completion. There are several private companies who operate Foundation and Diploma programmes on the campuses of UK universities. Often these courses offer accelerated access to undergraduate degrees.

universities

The UK is one of the world's most popular destination for students from overseas. In fact, more than 400,000 international students enrol each year.International students considering an education in the UK have a choice of over 140 universities and higher education institutions, each offering a great range of tertiary qualifications that will be recognised the world over. Students join a 3 year undergraduate programme or a 1 year postgraduate course.

UK university placement

For expert advice on UK and US university entry, Bright World has teamed up with Education Advisers Ltd, whose experienced consultants offer a full range of Higher Education services for international students. These range from complimentary advice on the best University Foundation courses, to bespoke Oxbridge and Medical School coaching and mentorship programmes. You can visit their websites at www.universityadvice.co.uk or www.best-schools.co.uk or call +44 1622 813870 for further information.

guardianship and school placement advice

Boarding school guardianship.

If your child is attending a boarding school you will need to nominate a UK guardian. Bright World can help you with this service.

university guardianship

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UK Education System

The education system in the UK is divided into four main parts, primary education, secondary education, further education and higher education. Children in the UK have to legally attend primary and secondary education which runs from about 5 years old until the student is 16 years old.

The education system in the UK is also split into "key stages" which breaks down as follows:

• Key Stage 1: 5 to 7 years old
• Key Stage 2: 7 to 11 years old
• Key Stage 3: 11 to 14 years old
• Key Stage 4: 14 to 16 years old

Generally key stages 1 and 2 will be undertaken at primary school and at 11 years old a student will move onto secondary school and finish key stages 3 and 4.

Students are assessed at the end of each stage. The most important assessment occurs at age 16 when students pursue their GCSE's or General Certificate of Secondary Education. Once students complete their GCSE's they have the choice to go onto further education and then potential higher education, or finish school and go into the working world.

Our overview of the education system in the UK is divided into five main sections:

Primary Education

Primary education begins in the UK at age 5 and continues until age 11, comprising key stages one and two under the UK educational system. Please visit the British Council page for more information on primary education.

Secondary Education

From age 11 to 16, students will enter secondary school for key stages three and four and to start their move towards taking the GCSE's - learn more about secondary education in the UK and what it will involve. Primary and secondary education is mandatory in the UK; after age 16, education is optional.

Further Education

Once a student finishes secondary education they have the option to extend into further education to take their A-Levels, GNVQ's, BTEC's or other such qualifications. UK students planning to go to college or university must complete further education.

Higher Education

Probably the most important subject area on this site, this explains more about the higher education system in the UK and how it works for international students. Most international students will enter directly into the UK higher education system, after completing their home country’s equivalent to the UK’s “further education.”

Entry Requirements

Each level of education in the UK has varying requirements which must be satisfied in order to gain entry at that level - learn more about the education entry requirements for the UK.

UK Degree Online

With online programs growing in popularity, this means the availability of top-notch online programs is also on the rise. If you want to obtain a UK accredited degree without having to relocate to the United Kingdom, choosing to study online is a good option for you. Getting a UK accredited degree online allows you to fit your studies into your schedule and save money on travel costs while having access to a variety of top programs.

Please note that Scotland has a separate education system and does not conform to the above structure. Please learn more about the Scottish Education System .

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Introducing The British Education System: A Comprehensive Guide

Education is the cornerstone of society, shaping the minds and futures of generations to come. Yet, understanding the intricacies of the British education system can be akin to navigating a labyrinth, with its multitude of stages, qualifications, and terminology. Whether you’re a parent, student, educator, or simply curious about how education functions in the UK, this guide aims to demystify the complexities and provide a clear roadmap through the landscape of British schooling. Join us as we embark on a journey to explore the structure, key stages, and unique features of the British education system, empowering you to navigate confidently through this vital aspect of British life.

Table of Contents

Overview of the british education system.

The British education system is structured into several key stages, each designed to provide a comprehensive and progressive learning experience for students.

Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) : This stage caters to children aged 3 to 5 and focuses on play-based learning, social development, and building foundational skills.

Primary Education : Primary education begins at age 5 and typically lasts until age 11. During this stage, students follow the National Curriculum. This includes core subjects such as English, mathematics, science, and foundation subjects like history and geography.

Secondary Education : Secondary education spans from age 11 to 16 and is divided into Key Stage 3 (ages 11-14) and Key Stage 4 (ages 14-16). Students study a broad range of subjects, including English, mathematics, science, humanities, and languages. Ultimately, this will lead to qualifications such as GCSEs .

Post-16 Education : After completing compulsory education, students can choose to pursue further education or vocational training. Options include A-levels, vocational qualifications like BTECs, or apprenticeships.

Higher Education : Higher education encompasses universities and colleges offering undergraduate and postgraduate degrees.

British Education System Key Stages

Key Stage 1 (Ages 3 to 5):  This stage focuses on play-based learning and social development for children aged 3 to 5.

Key Stage 2 (Ages 5 to 11):  During Key Stage 2, covering ages 5 to 11, students build foundational skills in core subjects like English, mathematics, and science.

Stage 3 (Ages 11 to 14):  In Key Stage 3, spanning ages 11 to 14, students explore a broad curriculum including humanities, languages, and the arts.

Key Stage 4 (Ages 14 to 16):  Key Stage 4 comprises ages 14 to 16, where students prepare for their GCSE exams (General Certificate of Secondary Education) in core and elective subjects.

Key Stage 5 (Ages 16 to 19):  Key Stage 5, also known as post-16 education, encompasses ages 16 to 19. Here, students pursue A-levels , vocational qualifications like BTECs , or apprenticeships, preparing for higher education or employment.

UK Education System Ages

To understand the UK education system, it’s crucial to grasp the ages associated with each stage of learning. Here’s a breakdown by year:

• Year 1 to Year 2 (Ages 3 to 5).  Children start formal education at ages 3 to 5, focusing on play-based learning and social development.
• Year 3 to Year 6 (Ages 5 to 11).  Students progress through Years 1 to 6, consolidating foundational skills in subjects like English, mathematics, and science.
• Year 7 to Year 9 (Ages 11 to 14).  This phase covers ages 11 to 14, where students explore a diverse curriculum including humanities, languages, and creative subjects.
• Year 10 to Year 11 (Ages 14 to 16).  Ages 14 to 16 mark the preparation for GCSE exams, covering a broad range of subjects and paving the way for future academic or vocational pursuits.
• Year 12 to Year 13 (Ages 16 to 19).  The transition to post-16 education occurs from ages 16 to 19, where students pursue advanced qualifications such as A-levels, vocational qualifications, or apprenticeships.

British Education System Curriculum

In the UK, the National Curriculum serves as the backbone of teaching and learning in state schools for pupils aged 5 to 16. It encompasses a wide range of subjects and is guided by two primary objectives:

Opportunities for All Pupils: The National Curriculum aims to provide equal opportunities for all pupils to learn. As such, it ensures that every child receives a comprehensive education regardless of background or ability.

Spiritual, Moral, Social, and Cultural Development: Another key objective is to achieve and promote pupils’ spiritual, moral, social, and cultural development. This holistic approach prepares students for the opportunities, responsibilities, and experiences they will encounter throughout life.

While state schools need to adhere to the National Curriculum, independent schools have more flexibility. While many independent schools choose to follow the National Curriculum, they do not have to do so. Instead, they may opt for alternative curricula such as the Common Entrance curriculum.

Common Entrance Curriculum: Independent preparatory schools often adopt the Common Entrance curriculum. It builds upon the National Curriculum but explore deeper into subjects and broadens the scope of topics covered. This approach not only ensures a rigorous academic experience but also fosters intellectual curiosity and critical thinking skills among students.

Overall, the British education system curriculum aims to provide a well-rounded education. It should be able to equip students with the knowledge, skills, and values necessary for success in both academic and personal spheres of life.

British Education Grading System

The British education grading system is structured to assess students’ academic performance across various stages of their education journey. Here’s an overview of the grading system commonly used in the UK:

Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS):

• In the Early Years Foundation Stage, assessment is based on observations of children’s progress against developmental milestones rather than formal grades.

Key Stages 1 to 3:

• At Key Stages 1 to 3, students’ progress is assessed using a combination of teacher assessments and standardised tests. However, formal grades are not typically assigned during these stages.

Stage 4 (GCSEs):

• This stage culminates in the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examinations, usually taken at age 16. GCSEs are graded on a scale from 9 to 1, with 9 being the highest grade and 1 being the lowest. Grades 4 and above are generally considered a pass, with grade 5 being a standard pass and grade 7 or above being considered a strong pass.

Stage 5 (A-levels):

• This stage comprises post-16 education, typically involving Advanced Level qualifications (A-levels) taken at ages 16 to 18. A-levels are graded on a scale from A* to E, with A* being the highest grade and E being the lowest passing grade.

Additional Grading Systems:

• In addition to GCSEs and A-levels, other qualifications may use different grading systems. For example, vocational qualifications like BTECs (Business and Technology Education Council) often use a pass, merit, distinction, and distinction* grading system.

UK Education System vs US Education System

British Education System Explained

Navigating the British education system can seem daunting, with its array of terms and institutions. Here’s a breakdown categorised for clarity:

Type of Schools in the UK Education System

Public Schools: In the UK, public schools are fee-paying institutions that cater to students of all ages, from primary to secondary education. Despite their name, the government does not fund public schools and these institutions operate independently. The term “public” originated from their historical roots, where they were initially established to provide education for the general public. However, access was often limited to those who could afford the fees. Over time, these institutions gained a reputation for academic excellence, prestigious facilities, and a tradition of producing prominent alumni. 

State Schools: State schools are funded and overseen by the government. They follow the National Curriculum and are free for students to attend. They include both primary and secondary institutions.

Independent Schools: Independent schools are privately funded institutions that operate outside of government control. They have the autonomy to set their own curriculum, admissions criteria, and fees.

Type of Schools by Structure

Boarding Schools: Boarding schools provide accommodation for students, who live on campus during term time. They offer a full educational experience alongside extracurricular activities and pastoral care.

Day Schools: Day schools are institutions where students attend classes during the day and return home in the evenings. They can be either state-funded or independent.

Types of Schools by Age Range

Prep Schools: Prep schools, short for preparatory schools, provide education for children aged 7 to 13. They prepare students for entry into senior schools and often follow the Common Entrance curriculum.

Junior School: Junior schools cater to primary-aged children, typically from ages 7 to 11, covering Key Stage 2 of the National Curriculum.

Senior School: Senior schools provide education for secondary-aged students, typically from ages 11 to 16, covering Key Stages 3 and 4 of the National Curriculum.

Additional Terms You Might Find Useful

Grammar Schools : Grammar schools are state-funded secondary schools that select students based on academic ability, usually through entrance exams known as the 11+. They typically offer a traditional academic curriculum with a focus on core subjects.

Common Entrance: Common Entrance is an exam taken by students at the end of their time in prep school, usually around age 13 (Year 8). It assesses their readiness for entry into senior schools.

Comprehensive Schools : Comprehensive schools are state-funded secondary schools that do not select students based on academic ability. They aim to provide a comprehensive education to students of all backgrounds and abilities.

Selective Schools : Selective schools are state-funded or independent schools that admit students based on academic ability or other criteria, such as religious affiliation or special talents.

Faith Schools: Faith schools are state-funded or independent schools with a religious ethos, often affiliated with a particular faith or denomination. They may prioritise religious education and have admissions criteria based on faith.

Specialist Schools: Specialist schools are state-funded secondary schools in England with a focus on a particular subject area, such as performing arts, science, or languages. They receive additional funding to develop expertise in their chosen specialism.

Frequently Asked Questions about the British Education System

The key stages include Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS), Primary Education, Secondary Education (Key Stage 3 and Key Stage 4), Post-16 Education, and Higher Education.

State-funded schools are funded and overseen by the government and follow the National Curriculum, while independent schools are privately funded and have more autonomy over their curriculum and admissions processes.

The main types of schools in the UK include state schools, which are government-funded and free to attend, independent schools, which are privately funded, and special schools, which cater to students with special educational needs.

Yes, alternative options include vocational qualifications like BTECs, apprenticeships, and adult education courses, providing diverse pathways for students of all ages and backgrounds.

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The UK Education System Explained

In General by Think Student Editor September 7, 2022 Leave a Comment

If you’ve been to any form of school, college or university in the UK, then you’ve been a part of its education system. While that may sound like a really complicated word, it is actually really simple. It is just referring to the different stages of education that students can go through from when they start as children to much higher stages. However, the education system in the UK can feel quite complicated. This is especially as the UK is made up of 4 countries that each have slight differences in their specific education systems.

Continue reading to learn more about what makes up the UK education system. Whether you’re a student within the UK education system or someone who is simply interested, this article will break it down for you.

Table of Contents

What are the stages of education in the UK?

The UK education system can be quite hard to understand as there is so many different qualifications and levels. There are 5 main stages of education in the UK that these qualifications and levels can be sorted into . These 5 stages are also key to properly understanding how the UK education system works.

These education stages are Early Years education, primary education, secondary education, further education and higher education. For more information about the UK education system as a whole, check out this governmental guide .

The table below aims to provide an overview of the various stages of education in the UK.

What is Early Years education in the UK?

If you are familiar with schooling in the UK, you may be thinking of Early Years education as another name for the first year of primary school. This first year of primary school may sometimes be called Early Years but it is also known as Reception, which it will be referred to as in this article.

Reception and Early Years education are not the same thing. Early Years education begins before primary school. This is because it covers the education of children between the ages of 3 and 5. For more information, check out this guide by the Cambridgeshire County Council.

The Early Years education stage refers to the childcare and nursery education of all young children in the UK . The idea is that children will mostly learn through the use of games and play.

The specific idea of what children are supposed to learn in their Early Years education varies based on the different countries in the UK. However, all of these are done with the idea of preparing children for school and the rest of their lives .

For more information about the frameworks each UK country uses, click on their links: England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland .

What is primary education in the UK?

In the UK, primary level education covers students from the ages of 4 to 11. This is within primary schools, which is split up into the year groups from Year 1 to Year 6 as well as Reception in England and Wales. In Northern Ireland, Reception is known as Year 1, so the year groups in primary school there are from Year 1 to Year 7.

In Scotland, these groups are named differently. Reception is instead known as P1, so primary schools in Scotland have the year groups P1 to P7, which is equivalent to Year 7 in England and Wales. For more information about primary schools in Northern Ireland and Scotland, click here and here respectively to find guides by The School Run.

In primary school, you won’t gain any official qualifications . Despite this, you may still need to do exams. At the end of primary level education in England students are expected to complete exams called SATs. While these are also done in Year 2, the ones done in Year 6 are more important as they are done before students go on to secondary school.

SATs or Standard Assessment Tests are a series of exams that students have to do . The ones done in Year 6 feature 2 maths papers, an English reading paper, a grammar, punctuation and spelling (GPS) paper and a spelling test. For more about SATs, check out this Think Student article .

What is secondary education in the UK?

In the UK, secondary education refers to the education of students between the ages of 11 and 16 . This takes place within secondary schools, which are sometimes also known as high schools. Secondary schools are split up into year groups. These are from Year 7 to Year 11 in England and Wales. In Northern Ireland, the year groups are from Year 8 to Year 12.

In Scotland, there are only 4 year groups, these are S1 to S4. S1 in Scotland is equivalent to Year 8 in England and Wales, or Year 9 in Northern Ireland as primary school is longer . For more information, check out this guide by The School Run.

Unlike primary school, students can leave secondary school with qualifications. In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, these qualifications are GCSEs . These are taken in the last year of secondary school, which is Year 11 or Year 12 in Northern Ireland.

While secondary school is essentially leading up to these exams, the whole way through, students will generally not start the GCSE content until they’re in Year 9 or Year 10. For more information about when you do your GCSEs, check out this Think Student article .

In Scotland, GCSEs aren’t taken at all. Instead, there are National qualifications. Normally in S4, which is the equivalent to Year 11 or Year 12 in Northern Ireland, students will get their National qualifications . These can be from National 1 to National 5, depending on what level the student is at in each subject.

At this stage, typically, students will do National 5 . For this, students will have to complete formal exams that are roughly the equivalent of GCSEs. For more information about this, check out this article by Good Schools Guide. For an overview of National qualifications as a whole, check out this guide from SQA.

What education level is GCSE?

As mentioned above, GCSE level education is a part of the secondary education stage . In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, it marks the end of secondary education with students typically taking these exams at the end of Year 11, which is also known as Year 12 in Northern Ireland. This is also made clear as the term GCSE stands for General Certificate of Secondary Education.

For more information about the term GCSE, check out this Think Student article . For more information about the education level of GCSEs, check out this Think Student article .

What is further education in the UK?

In the UK, further education is simply when you continue to be in education after turning 16, without doing higher education , which will be explained in the section below.

In England, it is compulsory for you to be in further education until you are 18. This doesn’t apply to the rest of the UK. For more about this, check out this governmental guide on school leaving age.

There are several different types of further education qualifications that you can do, making further education a lot more flexible than the earlier stages of education . For example, you could stay in school or go to college and continue studying.

You may want to study traditional courses such as A-Levels, Highers or Advanced Highers. Alternatively, you may want to study other level 3 courses that may be more vocational, such as BTECs or T-Levels.

You could also leave school and still do other types of further education such as an apprenticeship or traineeship . These options are a lot more practical as you are learning by working.

To learn more about the level 3 courses mentioned here, click on their following links: A-Levels , Highers , BTECs , T-Levels , apprenticeships . To learn more about level 3 courses, check out its respective section below. For more information about further education, check out this article by Think Student.

What education level is sixth form or college?

Both sixth form and college are actually education providers, rather than levels of education themselves. Typically, these education providers will offer qualification that are within the further education stage. These may include A-Levels and BTECs.

For more information about what you do in sixth form college, check out this Think Student article .

While this is always the case for sixth forms, this isn’t particularly the case for colleges as some colleges offer higher education courses. Especially qualifications such as higher national certificates (HNCs) or higher national diplomas (HNDs). For more information about this, check out this governmental guide .

What is higher education in the UK?

In the UK, higher education is any type of education that is done after or beyond further education . Generally, students will be at least 18 when they reach this stage. There are many types of higher education and a range of levels.

As the name suggests, these levels of education are the highest that can be reached in terms of academia and so are much more specialised.

The lowest type of higher education is a level 4 qualification . At level 4, students may do a higher national certificate (HNC), a Higher Apprenticeship or another equivalent qualification.

While a level 8 qualification is the highest level . At this level, students may study a PhD or an alternative type of doctorate degree.

If you would like to find out more about HNCs, check out this guide by WhatUni. To learn more about the types of apprenticeship, check out this Think Student article .

For more on PhDs and other doctorate degrees, please refer to this useful Think Student article . If you would simply like to learn more about higher education as a whole, check out this Think Student article .

What education level is university?

Similarly, to sixth forms and colleges, university is an education provider rather than an actual level of education itself. Qualifications offered by universities are typically higher education .

Although, some courses they offer may be another type of qualification altogether. These may not even be counted within the education stages or qualification levels . This is especially language courses or courses they offer online.

For example, language courses that are not part of a degree will normally be based on the CEFR levels. These levels don’t line up directly with any education stage or qualification level of the UK.

Instead, these are 6 levels that describe levels of language learning from beginner to proficient. For more information about this, check out this guide by the British Council.

While universities offer higher education qualifications, this isn’t particularly all of them. While a university may offer many qualifications from a foundation degree to a PhD, they are less likely to offer vocational courses .

For example, a national vocational qualification (NVQ) even at level 4 or above will typically be taught at a school, college or in the workplace. For more information about this, check out this article by Indeed.

For more information about vocational courses, check out this Think Student article . For more information about the education level of universities, look at this Think Student article .

What are the levels of education in the UK?

In the UK, the actual education system can be broken down into the 5 main stages that were explained above. However, there are also many other ways that education can be sorted and assigned different rankings and can be compared to one another .

One way to do this for the education of children in both primary school and secondary school is through the use of key stages . For more about key stages, check out this Think Student article .

Specific qualifications can also be further broken down into levels. In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, these levels are from entry level to level 8. In Scotland with the Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework (SCQF), these levels are from level 1 to level 12.

For more information about the qualification levels in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, check out this governmental guide . For more information about the SCQF levels, check out this guide by Glasgow Kelvin College. You can also look at these qualifications in comparison by looking at this guide by the SQA.

The table below attempts to simplify the education system and provide a rough overview. It’s important to note that many qualifications are missing from this table.

What is an entry level qualification in the UK?

In the UK, an entry level qualification is the first level of qualification that you can get . It is split into 3 sub levels: entry level 1, entry level 2 and entry level 3. Entry level 3 is the highest of the entry level qualifications. In the Scottish SCQF levels, entry level in England, Wales and Northern Ireland covers levels 1 to 3 as it lines up with the entry level sub levels .

The idea of entry level qualifications is so that you can have a qualification that is recognised in the UK even if you’re not ready or prepared to study a higher-level qualification. For more information about these, check out this governmental guide .

What is a level 1 qualification in the UK?

A level 1 qualification is the next level up in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The equivalent of this in the SCQF levels is a level 4 qualification .

As it is a higher level, there is a bit more of a range of qualifications at level 1 . For example, GCSE grades 1, 2 and 3 or between D and G are level 1, although they’re not a pass at GCSE. In Scotland, National 4 qualifications are also level 4 in the SCQF levels.

Music gradings from 1 to 3 are also ranked at level 1. This is the same with a vast range of different essential skills, functional skills, national vocational qualifications (NVQs)/ Scottish vocational qualification (SVQs), BTEC and other vocational qualifications that are offered at level 1.

For more information about the levels of BTEC qualifications, check out this Think Student article . For more examples about what is included in this level, please refer to the links above.

What is a level 2 qualification in the UK?

The next level up is a level 2 qualification. This is equivalent to a level 5 qualification in Scotland . As level 2 or level 5 qualifications are slightly more credible. This is because in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, level 2 is the level of GCSEs . In Scotland, this is the same level as National 5 qualifications.

Other qualifications at level 2 are Intermediate Apprenticeships or Modern Apprenticeships in Scotland, a range of BTECs, CTECs, NVQs and other vocational qualifications. It also includes music gradings 4 and 5.

For more information about CTEC qualifications, check out this Think Student article . For more examples of level 2 qualifications, please refer to the links above.

What is a level 3 qualification in the UK?

A level 3 qualification is once again a higher level that can help to open more opportunities, particularly with your career but also if you want to further your education. In Scotland, this is roughly equivalent to levels 6 on the Scottish Credit and Qualification Framework (SCQF) levels .

Level 3 or level 6 includes a range of qualifications, including AS and A-Levels, Highers, Advanced Apprenticeships or Foundation Apprenticeships in Scotland and T-Levels.

As well as a wide range of vocational courses, including BTECs, NVQs and SVQs. Level 3 or level 6 also include the International Baccalaureate (IB) and music grading level 6, 7 and 8.

Once again, please refer to the links above to find more examples. Also, check out this Think Student article to learn more about Advanced Apprenticeships and the other levels of apprenticeship.

What is a level 4 qualification in the UK?

A level 4 qualification marks the beginning of the higher education stage. It is roughly the equivalent to a level 7 qualification in Scotland .

This level includes qualifications such as HNCs, Higher Apprenticeships, certificates of higher education (CertHE), Advanced Highers and the Scottish Baccalaureate. It is also the equivalent to the first year at university. Also, a level 4 or 7 qualification includes a wide range of vocational qualifications, including NVQs and SVQs.

What is a level 5 qualification in the UK?

A level 5 qualification is also a part of higher education, and it is equivalent to the second year of university. In Scotland, a level 5 qualification is instead roughly a level 8 qualification.

This level includes qualifications such as HNDs, foundation degrees, diplomas of higher education (DipHE), Higher Apprenticeships both referring to Scotland and the rest of the UK and Technical Apprenticeships. Once again, there are a wide range of vocational qualifications offered at level 5 or 8.

What is a level 6 qualification in the UK? A level 6 qualification is also a part of higher education. In comparison to the Scottish SCQF levels, it is slightly different to the other levels. This is because it is equivalent to both level 9 qualifications and level 10 qualifications.

Level 6, 9 or 10 includes many qualifications, such as a Graduate Apprenticeship, a Degree Apprenticeship, a graduate certificate or a graduate diploma. It also includes many vocational qualifications, such as NVQs or SVQs.

In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, an undergraduate degree, whether this is with or without honours is at level 6 . However, in Scotland, an ordinary degree (without honours) is a level 9 qualification and a degree with honours is a level 10 qualification.

If you would like to learn more about undergraduate degrees, check out this Think Student article . For more on Degree Apprenticeships, check out this Think Student article .

What is a level 7 qualification in the UK?

A level 7 qualification is an even further form of higher education. It is the equivalent to the Scottish level 11 .

This is the second highest level that you can get in the UK . This level includes qualifications such as master’s degrees, integrated master’s degrees, postgraduate certificates and postgraduate diplomas.

It also includes a variety of certificates, awards and diplomas that are ranked at level 7. As well as NVQs or SVQs.

If you would like to learn more about master’s degrees, check out this Think Student article .

What is a level 8 qualification in the UK?

A level 8 qualification is the highest level of qualification that you can achieve in the UK. It is equivalent to the Scottish Credit and Qualification (SCQF) level 12, which is also the highest of these levels .

A level 8 or level 12 qualification includes doctorate degrees, including PhDs as well as a Professional Apprenticeship. It also includes certificates, awards and diplomas that are ranked at level 8.

To learn more about PhDs, check out this Think Student article . Please remember to look at the links above to learn about more examples.

• The UK Education System Explained - 2024

Published 17th May 2024 by Alastair

• Nursery and Early Years
• University Applications
• UK Universities
• Common Entrance
• School's Entrance
• Assessments
• Expert Insights

Comprehensive Guide to the UK Education System in 2024

Navigating the UK Education system can be challenging. Whether you are a parent, student, national or international, this article will help provide clarity when navigating the UK Education system. We'll delve into the four key stages: early years, primary, secondary, and higher education. Understanding this system is crucial for both local and international students. For locals, it clarifies educational pathways and qualifications, while international students benefit from comprehending entry requirements and the diverse range of study options available. Join us as we navigate through the layers of this renowned educational framework, unravelling its significance for learners worldwide.

Overview of the Key Stages - What Are They?

Each Key Stage corresponds to specific age ranges and year groups, with key assessments designed to evaluate students' attainment and progress. These assessments include standardized tests, teacher assessments, and other qualifications tailored to each Key Stage's educational objectives.

The table below breaks down each Key Stage and what they assess:

Key Stage 1

Key Stage 1 in the UK education system, covering Years 1 and 2 for children aged 5 to 7, focuses on foundational skills in literacy and numeracy. It teaches basic reading, writing, and mathematics, alongside introducing subjects like science, art, and physical education, all aimed at fostering a broad and balanced early education.

Key Stage 2

Key Stage 2, covering Years 3 to 6 for children aged 7 to 11, builds on the foundations of literacy and numeracy established in Key Stage 1. It expands to include subjects like science, history, geography, art, music, and physical education, with a focus on developing critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and a deeper understanding of core academic concepts.

Key Stage 3

Key Stage 3, typically part of secondary school, covers Years 7 to 9 for students aged 11 to 14. It deepens knowledge and skills in core subjects like English, mathematics, and science, while also including history, geography, modern foreign languages, art, music, design and technology, physical education, and computing. This stage aims to broaden students' academic horizons and prepare them for more specialized study in Key Stage 4.

Key Stage 4

Key Stage 4, encompassing Years 10 and 11 for students aged 14 to 16, is a pivotal stage culminating in the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examinations. Students typically have the opportunity to choose subjects of interest alongside core subjects such as English, mathematics, and science. GCSEs offer a diverse range of subjects including humanities, languages, arts, and vocational courses. This stage allows students to tailor their education to their interests and future aspirations, providing a foundation for further study or entry into the workforce.

Key Stage 5

Key Stage 5, covering Years 12 and 13 for students aged 16 to 18, concentrates on advanced-level qualifications such as A-Levels, BTECs, and the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme. Students typically specialize in three to four subjects of their choice, delving deeper into their academic interests and career aspirations. Assessment methods vary depending on the qualification but often include a combination of coursework and final examinations. Key Stage 5 prepares students for higher education, apprenticeships, or employment by providing advanced academic and vocational skills.

Education Levels in the UK

Education in the UK is compulsory for children between the ages of 5 and 16. This period encompasses Key Stages 1 to 4. However, the law requires children to start full-time education at the beginning of the school term following their fifth birthday, In this section of the blog, we'll delve into each education level, guiding you through the nuances of Early Years, Primary, Secondary, Sixth Form, and University education in the UK, offering insights and tips for navigating each stage successfully.

Early Years Education

Nursery, typically attended from age 3, focuses on fostering social, emotional, and cognitive skills through play-based learning activities in a nurturing environment. Here, children begin to develop essential communication and socialization skills, laying the groundwork for future learning.

Reception, the first year of formal schooling at age 4 to 5, builds upon these foundations, introducing more structured learning experiences aligned with the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) curriculum. Through a blend of structured activities and child-led exploration, Reception aims to further develop literacy, numeracy, and personal development skills, preparing children for their journey into primary education.

Primary Education

Throughout these foundational years, children aged 5 to 11 engage in a diverse curriculum covering core subjects such as English, mathematics, and science, alongside humanities, arts, and physical education. Alongside academic pursuits, primary schools prioritise the nurturing of social and emotional skills, fostering traits like teamwork, resilience, and creativity.

Towards the end of primary schooling, some children may pursue independent school education, where they may undergo the 7+ exam as part of the entry process. Additionally, all students undergo primary school assessments in preparation for the 11+ common entrance exams , which assess their readiness for secondary education. These assessments serve as significant milestones in students' educational journeys, facilitating their transition to the next phase of learning.

Secondary Education

During these years, students aged 11 to 16 delve deeper into a broad and balanced curriculum, building upon the foundational knowledge gained in primary school. Core subjects such as English, mathematics, and science are complemented by a range of optional subjects, including humanities, languages, arts, and vocational courses.

At the culmination of Key Stage 4, students undertake the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examinations, which assess their proficiency in various subjects and form the basis for future academic pursuits. Following GCSEs, students may opt to continue their education in the sixth form, where they typically pursue Advanced Levels (A Levels) or vocational qualifications.

A Levels, spanning Key Stage 5, offer in-depth study in three to four subjects of the students' choice, providing a pathway to higher education or entry into the workforce. This two-year period in sixth form serves as a crucial juncture for students to specialise in their chosen subjects and prepare for the next stage of their academic journey.

Higher Education

University education in the UK offers a transformative experience for students seeking higher academic qualifications and professional advancement. Spanning undergraduate and postgraduate levels, universities provide a diverse range of degree programmes across various disciplines, from arts and humanities to sciences and engineering.

Students engage in rigorous academic study, research, and practical applications under the guidance of expert faculty members. Beyond academic pursuits, university life fosters personal growth, critical thinking, and independence, preparing students for future leadership roles and career opportunities.

Vocational education , although distinct, is integral to higher education, providing specialised training and qualifications tailored to specific industries or professions. Whether students pursue a traditional academic degree or a vocational qualification, university education in the UK equips them with the knowledge, skills, and networks essential for success in today's competitive global landscape.

Moreover, education in the UK extends beyond formal qualifications, encompassing continuing education and lifelong learning opportunities for individuals of all ages and backgrounds. These may include adult education classes, professional development courses, online learning platforms, and community-based programs aimed at acquiring new skills or pursuing personal interests.

Studying in the UK as an International Student

Entry requirements.

• Qualifications : International students typically need to meet specific academic requirements for their chosen course of study. This may include achieving certain grades in relevant subjects or obtaining specific qualifications recognised by UK universities.
• English Language Proficiency : Most universities in the UK require international students to demonstrate proficiency in English by taking recognised English language tests such as the IELTS , TOEFL , or Cambridge English exams . Minimum score requirements vary depending on the institution and the course of study.
• Application Process : International students usually apply directly to universities through their respective admissions processes. This typically involves submitting an online application form, academic transcripts, a personal statement, letters of recommendation, and proof of English language proficiency.

Ivy Education offers a comprehensive service to assist both national and international students in their UK University admissions preparation.

Visa Process

• Student Visa (Tier 4) : International students from outside the UK and the European Economic Area (EEA) typically require a Tier 4 student visa to study in the UK. To obtain a student visa, students must have an offer from a UK university, demonstrate sufficient funds to cover tuition fees and living expenses and meet English language proficiency requirements.
• A pplication Process : The visa application process involves completing an online application form, paying the visa application fee, and attending a visa application centre (VAC) in your home country to submit biometric data (fingerprints and a photograph). You may also need to attend an interview as part of the application process.
• Visa Duration : Student visas are usually granted for the duration of the course of study, with additional time for graduation ceremonies or further study (if applicable).

Benefits of Studying in the UK:

• Quality Education : The UK is home to some of the world's top universities renowned for their academic excellence and research contributions across various disciplines.
• Diverse Cultural Experience : Studying in the UK allows immersing yourself in a multicultural environment, interacting with students from different backgrounds, and exploring British culture and heritage.
• Career Opportunities : A UK education is highly regarded by employers worldwide, enhancing your career prospects and opening up opportunities for global employment.
• Access to Resources and Facilities : UK universities offer state-of-the-art facilities, libraries, and research centres, providing access to resources and support for academic and personal development.
• Networking Opportunities : Studying in the UK allows you to build a global network of contacts, including fellow students, academics, and professionals, which can be valuable for future collaborations and career advancement.

Overall, studying in the UK as an international student offers a pathway to academic excellence, personal growth, and a truly enriching cultural experience.

Ivy Education Services

Ivy Education provides comprehensive support to students at all stages of their academic journey. From Early Years to University, we offer personalised tuition , homeschooling services , admissions preparation support , and educational consultancy services for both national and international students.

You can find a comprehensive list of our services in our Academic Journey Brochure .

Alternatively, you can contact us if you require any assistance with your family's academic journey.

How is the education system structured in the UK?

The education system is structured into different stages known as Key Stages, each corresponding to specific age groups and school levels. It begins with Early Years education, encompassing Nursery and Reception for children aged 3 to 5. This is followed by Primary education, covering Key Stages 1 and 2 for ages 5 to 11.

Secondary education then takes over, spanning Key Stages 3 and 4 for ages 11 to 16, culminating in General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examinations.

Finally, Key Stage 5, which includes Sixth Form or college, caters to ages 16 to 18, where students typically pursue Advanced Levels (A Levels) or vocational qualifications before progressing to higher education or entering the workforce.

Is the UK education system considered the best in the world?

We certainly think so! But we are, of course, biased. While the UK education system has many strengths and is highly regarded globally, it also has areas for improvement .

Why choose the UK for education over other countries?

Choosing the UK for education over other countries can be a strategic decision for several reasons, including its world-class universities like Oxford and Cambridge, diverse course options, and internationally recognised qualifications.

International students find the UK education system appealing because it offers a rich cultural diversity, providing exposure to a multicultural environment that enhances the learning experience and promotes cross-cultural understanding. Studying in the UK also provides a language advantage, allowing non-native English speakers to improve their language skills and proficiency in English, which is widely regarded as the global language of business, science, and academia.

Additionally, the UK's extensive research opportunities, vibrant economy, and historical heritage attract students worldwide, offering a unique blend of academic excellence, career prospects, and personal growth opportunities.

Who governs the UK education system?

There are quite a few national and regional authorities that govern the UK Education system, each responsible for different aspects of education policy, regulation, and administration.

These include The Department for Education (DfE) ; Ofsted and Ofqual .

Are UK schools harder than the US?

Determining whether UK schools are harder than US schools is complicated, as it depends on factors like curriculum, teaching methods, and assessment systems. Both countries have diverse educational systems with their own strengths and challenges.

In the UK, the education system is more centralised, with a national curriculum setting standards for each key stage. There's a strong emphasis on exams, especially at the end of secondary education (GCSEs and A-levels), which can be rigorous.

In the US, however, education varies widely between states and districts. Standardised testing is common, but there's also an emphasis on continuous assessment, projects, and extracurricular activities. 

Another notable difference is that, in the UK, children tend to specialise and choose to study fewer subjects at an earlier stage of their education. Meanwhile, it is common for US students to study a wide range of subjects, even during University.

In summary, the UK education system provides a structured framework from Early Years to Higher Education, emphasising academic achievement through standardised assessments like GCSEs and A-Levels.

With personalised assistance, Ivy Education helps students navigate the complexities of the UK education system and achieve their academic goals effectively.

BY Alastair

Alastair Delafield is the Managing Director and founder of Ivy Education.

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The UK Education System | A Guide to British Schools

Welcome to the ultimate guide on the UK education system.

Enough trudging multiple sites for all the information you need. Whether you are creating a piece of coursework, researching the steps through the system, or simply intrigued. You will find what you need in this post.

So let's get cracking... there is a lot to cover...

How does the UK education system work?

Across the uk and british schools around the world, there are 5 stages of education..

• Early Years
• Further Education (FE)
• Higher Education (HE)

It is a legal requirement for children to attend both primary and secondary education which runs from the age of 5 through to 16 years old.

Each of these stages represents a different phase in a child's education, relating to both their age and qualifications achieved through assessments.

The National Curriculum

In the UK, schools are required to teach a curriculum that is created by the government. This is called the National Curriculum and it sets out what should be taught in each year group. The core subjects of the National Curriculum are English, Maths , and Science. In addition to this, schools must offer a broad and balanced curriculum that includes technology, humanities, languages, arts, and physical education.

Schools are also required to provide Religious Education (RE) but parents have the right to request that their child is exempt from this if they wish.

How are UK students assessed at school?

Throughout primary and secondary education, students will be continuously assessed on their progress. This will be done through a combination of exams and coursework, with each stage becoming increasingly exam-based.

In the early years and primary school, assessments are usually informal and based on observations made by teachers with the exception coming in SATs exams in years 2 and 6. From around the age of 11, students will start to sit formal exams as they move into secondary education. These exams are called GCSEs (General Certificate of Secondary Education) and will be taken in a variety of subjects chosen by the student but bound by what the school offers.

GCSEs are generally considered the stage at which students start to consider what career path they're interested in. As such, they're generally the first level at which students start to look for GCSE tutors .

Key Stages, Ages, Year Groups, and Key Assessments

Primary, secondary, and further education is split into "key stages" to better track student achievements and provide a linear pathway for all students:

Key Stage 1:

• 5 to 7 years old
• Years 1 & 2
• Phonics test in Year 1
• KS1 SATs in Year 2

Key Stage 2:

• 7 to 11 years old
• Years 3 to 6
• KS2 Multiplication Tables Check
• (MTC) in Year 4
• 11+ (select UK areas*) in Year 5
• KS2 SATs in Year 6

Key Stage 3:

• 11 to 14 years old
• Years 7 to 9
• No notable assessments

Key Stage 4:

• Years 10 & 11
• GCSEs in Year 11

Key Stage 5:

• 14 to 16 years old
• Years 12 & 13
• AS Levels in Year 12
• A-Levels / NVQs/ BTECs/ Apprenticeships/ IB in Year 13

Types of UK School

As it is required by law that all children between the ages of 5 and 16 must be within the education system, in England all children are entitled to a free place at a state school.

State schools receive funding through their local authority or directly from the government. The most common types of state schools are:

• Community schools
• Foundation schools
• Grammar schools
• Special schools

There are also private schools and boarding schools that require payment of fees before a child is enrolled.

Early Years Education

The early years of a child's life are the most crucial in terms of their development. This is why the UK government has made it a priority to improve standards in the early years of education. All children in England between the ages of 3 and 4 are entitled to 15 hours per week of free early education or childcare. This can either be at a nursery, preschool or with a childminder.

The early years of education are important for laying the foundations for a child's future success in life. Studies have shown that children who attend high-quality early years provisions make better progress in their later schooling. They are also more likely to achieve good GCSE results and go on to further and higher education.

Primary School Education

Primary school education begins in the UK at the age of 5 and continues to the end of year 6 at the age of 11. It consists of key stages 1 and 2.

Primary schools have the option to split into infant and junior sections. These are usually separate schools that operate from the same site.

What are the goals of primary education?

The major goals for primary education are to achieve basic literacy and numeracy skills across all pupils, as well as to establish basic foundations in science, mathematics, and other core subjects.

What years are covered in primary school?

The year groups covered in primary education are:

• Reception (Ages 4 to 5)
• Year 1 (Ages 5 to 6)
• Year 2 (Ages 6 to 7) - This year marks SATs testing for Key Stage 1
• Year 3 (Ages 7 to 8)
• Year 4 (Ages 8 to 9)
• Year 5 (Ages 9 to 10)
• Year 6 (Ages 10 to 11) - This year marks SATs testing for Key Stage 2

Secondary School Education

Secondary education focuses on the preparation of students for their GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) exams.

Through years 7 to 9, students participate in multiple subjects chosen for them through the UK curriculum, giving them plenty of options to find their interests.

What is the goal of secondary education?

The goal of secondary education is to get students ready for their GCSE exams. These exams are necessary for furthering one's education or entering the workforce.

What years are covered in secondary school?

Sherpa offers support to students and parents for finding GCSE Maths tutors and GCSE English tutors , as well as GCSE tuition for all other subjects.

The majority of students move on to A-Levels after their GCSEs. Whilst the difficulty of the content steps up, students generally narrow down their subject choices based on desired career path. Most students choose to study 3-4 A-Levels, focusing on the areas they're looking to work in or based on the degree they'd like to study at university.

Generally, A-Levels cover subjects in a greater level of depth and test in-depth and comprehensive understanding of the subject matter which is in contrast to GCSEs, which are often criticized as being 'fact-memorisation' exams.

Students may need the support of a 1:1 tutor to help them get a strong grip on the subject matter of A-Levels

Students often find it useful to enlist the help of peers or a dedicated 1:1 tutor to help them grasp the subject matter in their A-Level exams. A-Level Maths and Physics are considered to be particularly difficult compared to GCSEs and have the highest rate of failure among all A-Level subjects.

Sherpa offers A-Level Maths tutors and A-Level Physics tutors to support students in the transition and step-up from GCSEs to A-Levels.

Further Education

Further education (FE) is a post-16 educational option in the UK. It can be either academic or vocational and is often taken after GCSEs or A-Levels.

There are many different types of FE courses available, ranging from short evening classes to two-year diploma programmes.

The main goals of FE are to provide students with the skills and knowledge needed to enter the workforce, as well as to prepare them for further study at a higher level.

There are many different types of FE courses available, ranging from short evening classes to two-year diploma programmes. The main goals of FE are to provide students with the skills and knowledge needed to enter the workforce.

Higher Education

There are 3 types of higher education courses that students can participate in:.

• Foundation Diplomas

A Foundation Diploma is a one-year course that is designed to prepare students for university-level study. It covers the same core subjects as an A-Level, but it is less intensive.

• Undergraduate courses

Undergraduate courses are the most common type of university-level course in the UK. These courses typically last for 3 to 4 years and lead to a Bachelor's degree.

• Postgraduate courses

Postgraduate courses are designed for students who have already completed an undergraduate degree. These courses can range from 1 year (for a Master's degree) to 3 years (for a PhD). They can also often be taken full-time or part-time to allow students to work for a living in between their studies. Part-time courses usually last at least 1 year longer than full-time courses to cover the same work.

What is a certificate of higher education?

A certificate of higher education is a university-level qualification that can be obtained after completing part of an undergraduate course or by completing a foundation degree. It is awarded after a year of full-time study at university or 2 years of part-time study.

Is a certificate of higher education worth it?

They are only recognised if you are unable to complete your undergraduate course in full and are superseded by a bachelor's qualification but can demonstrate an individual's ability to study at the university level, raise confidence, support a change of career, or enable progression in a current career.

What is the goal of higher education?

The main goals of higher education are to develop critical thinking and research skills, as well as to gain subject-specific knowledge and prepare individuals for the workforce. Many students have the opportunity to contribute academically to the development and progress of their field on an international level.

Factors affecting Education

How does politics influence the UK education system?

The UK education system is heavily influenced by politics. Education policy is set by the government and implemented by local authorities. This means that the type of education a child receives can vary depending on where they live in the UK.

For example, the introduction of grammar schools was a political decision that led to different education systems developing in different parts of the country. This has had a lasting impact on the education system, and some believe it has led to a divide between "academic" and "vocational" schools.

Another example is the recent decision to raise the age at which children are required to stay in education or training. This policy was introduced by the government in an attempt to improve the skills of the workforce and reduce youth unemployment.

However, this policy has been criticised by some, who argue that it will put pressure on an already overstretched education system.

What impact does the economy have on education?

The economy has a big impact on education. When the economy is doing well, there is more money available for education. This means that schools and universities can afford to employ more staff and provide better resources for students.

However, when the economy is struggling, budgets for education are often cut. This can lead to larger class sizes, fewer staff, and fewer resources for students.

Does geographical location affect education?

Geographical location can affect education in two ways. First, it can influence the type of education a child receives. For example, children who live in rural areas are less likely to have access to the same schools and resources as those who live in urban areas.

Second, geographical location can also affect a child's ability to access education. This is because some areas of the country are more difficult to get to than others. For example, children who live in remote areas may have to travel long distances to get to school.

Is individual funding available for education in the UK?

There is a range of individual funding available for education in the UK. This includes government loans and grants, as well as funding from charities and other organisations.

One of the most popular forms of funding for higher education is the Student Loans Company. This is a government-backed organisation that provides loans to students who are studying in the UK. The Student Loans Company also offers a grants programme, which provides funding to students from low-income households to help them pay for the next stage in their academic journey.

How can Sherpa help?

Sherpa allows you to find qualified online tutors for all subjects and levels, ranging from Primary all the way up to University level. If you, or someone you know, is looking for high-quality online tuition, click here to find a tutor or get in touch with our team using the chat in the bottom right to gather some recommendations.

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Education system

Children's Education

The UK education system

Explore the UK education system and learn about the levels of schooling, parental involvement, graduating, and educational support.

By Magdalena Laas

Updated 16-8-2024

The United Kingdom is formed of four constituent countries : England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. In practice, this means some aspects of everyday life differ depending on which of these countries you live in. This includes the education system, which is governed by each of the devolved nations .

Despite some similarities between these systems, a  report  by the Education Policy Institute (2021) found that the approaches to education differ significantly after years of decentralization. Understandably, a new arrival to the UK may find the whole system confusing. But don’t worry. This article will help clarify things, looking at:

Education in the UK

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TASIS England is an American international school in the UK. The school follows an American curriculum for students from Pre-K to 12th grade, including the IB Diploma for older students. For a rigorous education for your children in the beautiful Surrey countryside, consider TASIS England.

Go to website

Any child residing in the UK may attend their local state school as long as they have the right of abode . In other words, they have the right to live in the country. The UK education system covers preschool, primary, and secondary schools. It also includes higher education . The UK has a strong state-funded school system that provides free education for all. Still, parents typically pay for stationery, uniforms, PE kits, meals, school trips, and extracurricular activities.

There are also many independent schools across the UK. These include private (public schools), international , and boarding schools . For example, Eton , Harrow , and Winchester are some of the UK’s best-known public schools. The government does not fund, nor partially subsidize these private schools. Parents therefore must pay tuition (and boarding, if applicable) fees, which can be expensive .

School uniforms in the UK

Schools in the UK love uniforms. Children typically wear these in both state and independent schools with the possible exception of Montessori, Steiner Waldorf, and some international schools.

School timetables in the UK

The school week runs from Monday to Friday. Typically, a school day starts at 08:30 or 09:00 and ends at 15:30 or 16:00. Students typically have morning and lunch breaks. Primary schools may also have afternoon breaks. Some schools have a shorter day on Fridays.

The school year in the UK runs from August or September to June or July, depending on the region. Normally, school holidays include half-term, Easter, Christmas , and summer breaks . Schools also close on bank (public) holidays .

The publically-financed education system in the UK is typically called state education. Incidentally, the term “public schools” is largely used in reference to private schools in the UK. This can be confusing for new arrivals to the UK, so be aware of which type of school you talking about.

Generally, the quality of the UK education system is good. For instance, the UK performed above the OECD average on the 2018 PISA tests for reading, mathematics, and science. PISA is the Programme for International Student Assessment for 15-year-olds.

According to the 2021 national statistics, 10.5 million students attended state schools across the UK.

At the end of their compulsory education, secondary school students write exams in nine subjects to attain the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) . This is in Year 11 in England and Wales and Year 12 in Northern Ireland. Maths, English, and science are core subjects, which every student must take. The equivalent in Scotland is the National 5 exams. In 2021, 51.9% of pupils across the UK achieved a grade 5 (strong pass) or above in their GCSE exam for mathematics.

Education in the UK beyond these years is called further education and typically runs until the student is 18 years old. At the end of this, they typically complete the Advanced (A-Level) exams at the end of Year 13 (England and Wales) or Year 14 (Northern Ireland) to graduate. In Scotland, it is the Highers and Advanced Highers. Average  A-Level results increased from C+ to B in 2021. However, one must account for the  impact  COVID-19 had on schooling and assessments.  

School inspection and reports

As a parent, you’ll probably want to know how good your child’s prospective school is. One way to find out is to access the public inspection reports. Each nation has its own educational review body, which publishes these reports. Listed below, are the ones for England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.

• England – Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services, and Skills ( Ofsted )
• Wales – Estyn
• Scotland – Education Scotland
• Northern Ireland – The Education and Training Inspectorate (ETI)

School structure in the UK

Across the UK, attending preschool or nursery is voluntary. Still, children above three can access some free childcare hours per week. Read on how each region funds these hours.

Primary schools

Usually, the primary stage in the UK education system starts from four or five and covers about seven years of schooling. After primary school , students attend secondary school. Even though compulsory education includes about 12 years until the age of 16, most students complete two more years to apply to universities.

The devolved education system makes it tricky to figure out the school years. To simplify this, the table below compares primary schools across the UK. Be aware that in Scotland, children attend primary school a year longer than the rest of the UK. The table also notes the different standardized assessments and exams.

Primary schools in the United Kingdom

Secondary schools

Scotland’s school years do not exactly match the rest of the UK education system as children enter secondary schools between 12 and 13. So, roughly, it is equivalent to Year 8 in England. Therefore, it is easier to look at when students write important exams and attain specific qualifications. Again, the table below compares the four regions.

Secondary schools in the UK

Assessment acronyms

The assessment acronyms stand for the following:

• SATs – End of Key Stage Tests and Assessments
• SNSA – Scottish National Standardised Assessments
• InCAS – Interactive Computerised Assessment System
• GCSE – General Certificate of Secondary education
• AS-Level – Advanced Subsidiary
• A-Level – Advanced

Recent education reforms in the UK

There have been two recent reforms to the UK education system. First, in 2014 England changed its GCSE grading system from the A to G system to a 1 to 9 numerical scale, 9 being the highest. Second, Wales introduced a new curriculum in 2022. Learn more about the curriculum under the Welsh section.

The Department for Education (DfE) regulates pre-primary to post-secondary learning in England. Seventeen agencies and public bodies support the DfE. Most state schools are maintained, which means the local authority (LA) funds and manages these. There are also several state boarding schools that only charge for boarding, not tuition.

Many state-funded schools, called faith schools , have a Christian religious character . For example, out of the 378 denominational schools in Scotland, only 11 are independent. Still, you can search for independent faith schools with the Catholic Independent Schools Conference’s (CISC) search tool or New Christian Schools . However, Jewish and Islamic schools tend to be independent.

Confusingly, state schools can also be non-maintained, like free schools and academies . While maintained schools must follow the national curriculum, non-maintained schools do not. Both types of state schools are free to attend. You can compare specific schools in England on the DfE website.

Parents cannot choose a state school. Instead, they have to apply through their local council. Still, they can list preferred schools in the catchment area near their home. The council then places children based on specific admission criteria .

Preschool education in England

From birth to five falls under the  Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) , which includes preschool education. There are many childcare options available for children up to three years: childminders, daycares, crèches, and au pairs. However, as the government does not subsidize childcare before three, it is  expensive . Fortunately, parents can access financial support .

Childcare in the UK

Once a child turns three, they receive 30 hours of free childcare . Toddlers can go to public or private preschools or the nursery attached to their local primary school. Preschools use play-based education to develop a child’s early skills, across the following learning areas:

• Communication and language
• Personal, social, emotional, and physical development
• Literacy and mathematics
• Understanding the world
• Expressive arts and design

Primary school education in England

State schools in England follow the  National Curriculum , which divides into Key Stages 1 and 2 from Reception to Year 6. Learning areas are broad and include literacy, numeracy, arts, technology, and humanities.

Parents need to be aware of four key assessments. First, when pupils start Reception, teachers do a baseline assessment . After that, at the end of Year 1, they will take a phonics screening test . Children will also sit End of Key Stage Tests and Assessments ( SATs ) in Years 2 and 6 to measure their learning progress.

Traditionally, schools in the UK provide lunch . In England, these meals are free for students in Reception, Year 1 and 2. From Year 3 onwards, parents must apply for the income-assessed free school meals through their local council otherwise they pay extra.

Secondary school education in England

Typically, children start their secondary education around 11 or 12. Most state secondary schools across the UK are comprehensive, meaning they accept students of all abilities.

Additionally, certain local authority areas in England also have grammar schools. Grammar schools are selective state secondary schools that select their students based on ability. Prospective students must complete entrance exams, known as the Eleven Plus (11-plus). There are 163 grammar schools across the UK.

Except for Scotland, Year 11 students across the UK education system write the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) exams. The difference between England, Wales, and Northern Ireland is that English GCSEs are graded from 1 to 9 (9 being the highest). Also, qualifications are linear, with exams at the end of the course. For this reason, if students repeat the qualifications, they must re-take all the exams for all subjects. Still, they can re-use their non-exam grades.

Further education in England

After the GCSEs, students sit the Advanced Subsidiary (AS-Level) exam in Year 12 and graduate with the Advanced qualification ( A-Level ) in Year 13.

Have you heard the terms Sixth Form and college and wondered what they mean? Firstly, not all secondary schools have a Sixth Form. It is largely a hangover from the old education system when the school years were called Forms. For comparison, Year 12 is equivalent to Lower Sixth (L6) and Year 13 to Upper Sixth (U6).

Secondly, there are two types of colleges, Sixth Form colleges and Further Education (FE) colleges. Sixth Form colleges offer A-Level qualifications and are attached to secondary schools. Alternatively, FE colleges are stand-alone institutions where students aged 16 to 19 can study A-Levels or BTECS . This stands for Business and Technology Education Council and is a vocational qualification. There are 381 colleges across the UK: 287 FE and 94 Sixth Form.

Support for children with special educational needs (SEN)

SEN is also called special educational needs and disability (SEND) in England. A parent contacts the SEN coordinator (SENCO) at their child’s school to discuss any accessibility, learning, or behavioral needs. The school is obliged to meet these needs as much as possible.

However, if a child needs more support than the school’s SEND service can provide, a caregiver can request an educational, health, and care ( EHC ) plan, through their local council .

Children under five

For a child under five, SEND support includes:

• A written progress report at age two
• A health visitor assesment between two and three
• A written review in Reception, at around four or five
• School making realistic adjustments to improve accessibilty and support learning

Children 5 to 15

For children, 5 to 15, SEND support may include:

• A special learning program
• Closer observation and extra attention from a teacher or aide
• Working in a smaller group
• Receiving support participating in class and communicate with other children
• Assistance with physical or personal care

Young people (16+)

Before enrolling, students should contact the college to discuss how they will meet any special educational needs (SEN).

Other SEND support services

The Council for Disabled Children works with over 300 organizations to help children with special educational needs (SEN) reach their full potential. It is a good idea to contact the Information, Advice, and Support Services Network (IAS) to access resources for families of children with SEN.

In Wales, the Department for Education and Skills (DfES) oversees all learning. Its National School Categorisation System rates schools’ performance. For instance, it considers a school’s leadership, quality of teaching and learning, and how much support it needs to improve. However, this system does not replace the Estyn inspection reports. You can search My Local School for more information on specific institutions.

Wales does not have free schools nor academies, only maintained state schools: community mainstream and special schools, voluntary controlled (VC) and aided (VA) schools, and foundation mainstream and special schools.

Most primary schools in Wales teach in English, but as  12% of the population speak Welsh in their homes, it makes sense that there are also Welsh-medium schools. There are  350 Welsh schools  and 29 dual-stream (Welsh and English) schools. These are all state schools; no Welsh-medium schools are independent.

The admission process is similar to England. Councils place children based on catchment areas, but parents first need to complete their local council’s application form and list their preferred schools. Note that the council cannot guarantee places at a specific school.

Preschool education in Wales

The Foundation Phase covers preschool education in Wales. Children between three and four receive up to 30 hours of free childcare weekly. These include 10 hours minimum of early education and 20 hours maximum of childcare. Options include nurseries, childminders, playgroups, crèches, and nannies.

Toddlers learn through play across seven areas of development:

• Personal and social skills, well-being, and cultural diversity
• Language, literacy, and communication
• Welsh language
• Understanding of the world
• Physical abilities
• Creative skills

Primary school education in Wales

Historically, Wales followed the National Literacy and Numeracy Framework (NLF) . However, in 2022, Education Wales ( Addygsg Cymru ) introduced a new curriculum . First, schools will implement it from Years 1 to 7. Eventually, between 2023 and 2026, they will roll out the curriculum in Years 8 to 11. It covers literacy, numeracy, digital skills, arts, humanities, and physical education.

Instead of standardized assessments, teachers observe and review students’ learning progress individually and continually. The aim of assessments in Welsh schools is to support learner progression .

Furthermore, Welsh primary schools provide free school meals to eligible students, based on specific criteria.

Secondary school education in Wales

Once students complete their primary schooling, they apply to a secondary school. This stage covers five compulsory years and two elective years. Similar to England, the two most important assessments are the GCSE at the end of Year 11 and the A-Level at the end of Year 13. The syllabus includes:

• Modern foreign languages
• Mathematics
• Design and technology
• Information and communication technology (ICT)
• Humanities (history and geography)

Schools further aim to prepare students for the working world by developing their personal, social, communication, and critical thinking skills.

The Welsh GCSEs at the end of Year 11 are graded from A* to G. Only some GCSEs are linear with exams at the end of the year. Others are modular, meaning the course consists of units (modules). As such, students write exams at the end of each module, instead of the end of the year. For linear GCSEs, students must re-take all the exams if they want to repeat the qualification. On the other hand, for modular GCSEs, learners only need to retake a unit but they can only do so once.

As of September 2021, children with additional learning needs (ALN) receive support within the ALN framework. This replaced the old special educational needs (SEN) system. Students with ALN receive support based on an Individual Development Plan (IDP) . The IDP stipulates all the additional support a child needs to learn. Also, it recommends the type of school best suited to their needs. The local authority is legally obliged to ensure these needs are met.

Furthermore, parents can contact SNAP Cymru . It is an independent organization that provides support, advice, and information to parents, families, and young people with disabilities and ALN.

In Scotland, the government oversees all learning via its executive agency, Education Scotland . It divides state schools into local schools (mainstream), special schools (SEN), and denominational (faith) schools. Some schools offer Scottish Gaelic as a subject, but it is not compulsory. There are also no Gaelic-medium schools, where the instruction language is Gaelic. In other words, the main language of instruction in all Scottish state schools is English. You can find detailed information on every Scottish school via the Parentzone portal .

Class sizes in Scotland are smaller than in other regions: 16 pupils per teacher in primary schools and 12 students per class in secondary schools.

A parent cannot choose a state school for their child. Instead, local councils allocate places based on catchment areas. Councils will only grant requests for schools outside a child’s catchment area if the school is not oversubscribed.

Preschool education in Scotland

Early learning and childcare (ELC) refer to all childcare services for children up to school age. Caregivers of children (age 3–5 years) can claim up to 1,140 hours (30 hours per week) of free ELC per year. These services include:

• Family centers
• Day nurseries
• Nursery schools or classes attached to primary schools
• Childminders

The ELC curriculum takes a child-centered approach by developing a toddler’s personal, emotional, cognitive, communication, and physical skills through play.

Primary school education in Scotland

Scotland follows the Curriculum for Excellence (CfE) , which divides into two cycles: broad general education and the senior phase. Broad general education covers primary school (P1 – P7) plus the first three years of secondary school (S1 – S3). This phase develops children’s literacy, numeracy, and cognitive skills. It also nurtures life skills to develop a strong sense of self and community. Some schools offer Gaelic education but it is not a compulsory subject. Learning areas cover:

• Expressive arts
• Health and well-being
• Religious and moral studies
• Social studies
• Technologies

Children also take online standardized assessments (SNSA) in P1, 4, 7, and S3 to review their learning progress, specifically in literacy and numeracy.

Moreover, all pupils in P1 to P5 (aged 4 – 9 years) can get free school lunches . After this age, children only receive free meals if their family meets certain criteria.

Secondary school education in Scotland

The senior phase , from S4 (age 15 – 16 years), builds upon and deepens students’ knowledge base. Apart from the programs leading to qualifications, there is an ongoing emphasis on health and well-being, personal achievement, work experience, and community service. Schools partner with colleges, universities, employers, and community learning centers, to offer bespoke study streams , which lead to academic or vocational qualifications.

Scotland’s assessments differ from the rest of the UK. Instead of the GCSE, they write the National 5 exams. Beyond that, the Scottish further education equivalent to the AS-Level and A-Level exams are the Higher and Advanced Higher exams.

In Scotland, SEN support is called additional support for learning (ASL) . Children who need ASL have the right to attend their local mainstream school. However, if the school does not meet the student’s needs adequately, parents can consider a special school. Typically, these schools focus on a specific disability or learning difficulty with expertly-trained teachers and staff. A small number of schools even offer residential, full-time care for learners with high and complex needs.

Parents can start by contacting the ASL advice service, Enquire , to find out what their child’s rights are and how to access ASL in their school and community. Parentzone Scotland also offers support, information, and useful resources for parents of children who need ASL.

In Northern Ireland, the  Department of Education-NI (DENI) oversees schooling. According to 2020–2021 statistics, there are 1,901 state schools in Northern Ireland: 95 nurseries, 803 primary schools, and 193 secondary schools. These schools differ in type based on their management authority and include controlled, maintained, voluntary, and integrated schools. You can search its school directory to find out relevant statistics.

Religion still plays an integral part in education, often segregating schools into Roman Catholic or Protestant. However, integrated schools aim to enroll diverse students from all denominations and faiths. Additionally, there are 30 Irish-medium schools and 10 units attached to English-medium schools.

Parents can apply online for their preferred school via the Citizen Portal (a digital, central system). So, local councils do not place children based on catchment areas. However, if a school is oversubscribed, schools will consider certain admission criteria , such as the proximity of the child’s home.

Preschool education in Northern Ireland

The Pre-school Education Programme , in Northern Ireland, funds childcare the year before primary school. So, between the ages of 3 to 4. Although this phase is not compulsory, parents must apply online for a place. Parents can enroll their children in nursery schools, units at primary schools, and private preschools with subsidized places.

Similar to other preschool programs across the UK education system, it includes six learning areas :

• Personal, social, and emotional development
• Physical development and movement
• Language development
• Early mathematical experiences
• The world around us

Primary school education in Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland follows the Northern Ireland Curriculum . As a result, primary school begins at Year 1 instead of Reception. It also comprises three stages. The Foundation Stage includes Years 1 to 2, while Years 3 and 4 fall under Key Stage 1 (KS1). Subsequently, Key Stage 2 (KS2) includes Years 5, 6, and 7. The broad learning areas cover literacy, numeracy, arts, humanities, physical education, personal development, and mutual understanding.

Children can take packed lunches to school or buy food from the canteen, tuck shops, and vending machines. Eligible students may also apply for free meals .

Secondary school education in Northern Ireland

Compulsory secondary education covers five years (11 – 16) and is divided into two stages . Key Stage 3 (KS3) covers Years 8, 9, and 10 while Years 11 and 12 are Key Stage 4 (KS4). During these stages, students deepen and solidify their primary school knowledge and skills. They also broaden their scope of learning by including modern languages, sciences, technology, arts, environment, and society. Religious and physical education and life and work skills are also important.

Students in Northern Ireland sit the GCSE exam at the end of Year 12, and the AS-Level at the end of Year 13. In Year 14, they graduate secondary school with an A-Level qualification. These qualifications are similar to England and Wales except for one key difference . Students have a choice of grading systems; A* to G or 9 to 1.

Out of the 193 state secondary schools, 66 are grammar schools. Grammar schools select their students based on ability. Prospective students must complete entrance exams, known as the Eleven Plus (11-plus).

Northern Ireland takes an inclusive approach to education. In other words, most learners with special educational needs (SEN) attend mainstream state schools. Only a small number of students – often with high complex needs – are enrolled in special schools.

The Special Educational Needs Advice Centre ( SENAC ) is the first place parents can seek support and advice for their child with SEN. This organization works with parents, schools, and education bodies to ensure that children receive the right support and resources according to their learning needs.

Rather confusingly for many expats, private schools in the UK are often referred to as public schools, despite being in receipt of no state money. Across the UK, there are more than 2,500 independent or private schools (including international and boarding). They teach around 615,000 students each year. These numbers include primary and secondary education as private schools often enroll children from 4 to 18.

Private primary schools in the UK

Independent primary schools are also called preparatory schools. These can be single-sex or co-ed. Unquestionably, private schools are expensive. Even so, they offer a wider range of facilities and activities, smaller class sizes, and an excellent quality of education. That said, costs depend on the child’s age and whether they are day or boarding students. On average, these fees can range from £21,000–45,000.

Conveniently, you can search for schools with the Independent Schools Council’s (ISC) interactive map . Alternatively, you can also use the Best Schools’ search tool or confine your search to Wales , Scotland , and Northern Ireland .

Expatica United Kingdom Directory

Independent schools enjoy more freedom to plan their calendar, design their curriculum, and shape their teaching approach,

Montessori schools in the UK

Most Montessori schools only cover pre-primary and primary age. Their teaching approach follows the educational theories of Maria Montessori, often coined as “follow the child.”

In other words, the school is a child-centered learning environment with open-ended teaching materials. Consequently, the teacher supports the child to learn at their own developmental pace. You can find a Montessori school in the UK with this search tool .

Steiner Waldorf schools in the UK

Conversely, Steiner Waldorf schools follow the educational philosophy of Rudolf Steiner. It encourages learning through play and meeting the child at their natural developmental level. It also combines artistic and physical activity with academic learning.

An example of a Steiner Waldorf school is the  Edinburgh Steiner School in Scotland, covering primary and secondary education. You can find more schools in the UK with this interactive map .

Private secondary schools in the UK

At many independent schools, especially international ones, students can write the International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) or Advanced Placement (AP) . For example, students can study the AP program at the Pearson Online Academy . Alternatively, if a school offers it, they can graduate with the coveted International Baccalaureate (IB) . As of 2022, students can obtain the IB at 92 schools across the UK, such as the ACS International Schools and St Leonards in Scotland. No schools in Northern Ireland offer any of the IB programs.

International schools in the UK

International schools in the UK are diverse and offer British and country-specific curriculums. For example, there are Japanese , German , French , Spanish , and American international schools in London . Fees range from £9,500 to £26,000 per year. One international school, St.Leonards , even has boarding options from Year 6. Boarding fees can range from £24,000 to £38,000 depending on the child’s age and how many nights they stay on campus.

In our directory , you’ll find a list of excellent international schools in the UK. Alternatively, the International School Search is another handy tool to find schools.

The International Baccalaureate (IB) in the UK

In 2021,  5,400 schools  offered 7,500 IB programs across 159 countries, including the 120 international schools in the UK. Unfortunately, no schools in Northern Ireland seem to teach any IB programs. Most importantly, the International Baccalaureate (IB) is globally recognized and grant students entry to esteemed universities.

In England, Wales, and Northern Ireland , students complete their compulsory education by attaining a General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) . The equivalent in Scotland is the National 5 exam.

If students choose to continue their secondary education for two more years, they graduate with an A-Level. This qualification only applies to England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Conversely, in Scotland, students graduate with the Scottish Baccalaureate if they pass the Advanced Highers exam in S6. However, it is possible to apply for Scottish universities without their Advanced Highers if their Highers grades were good enough. In other words, they could leave secondary school in S5, instead of S6.

Once graduated, students can apply for higher education, internships, or start working.

State-funded education is free. Even so, there are always extra costs involved. Fortunately, across the UK, students can get financial aid and scholarships. For instance, charities, like Buttle UK and the Royal National Children’s Springboard Foundation , offer full bursaries for boarding schools.

In England, there is the 16 to 19 Bursary Fund . While in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, students can apply for Education Maintenance Allowance (EMA) .

Uniforms and transport

Parents can request financial support to cover uniform costs, PE kits, and transport to school. Each region has its own scheme:

• England – uniform and transport
• Wales – School Essentials Grant
• Scotland – uniform and transport
• Northern Ireland – uniform and transport

Most independent, international, or boarding schools offer eligible students financial aid or scholarships. It is advisable to directly enquire at the school.

According to the National Statistics report (2020), around 19.3% of students in state schools speak English as an additional language (EAL). In other words, English is not their first language, which may hinder their studies. Therefore, most state schools offer international students EAL support. However, the level of assistance varies depending on resources because the government does not explicitly subsidize EAL support. Still, the Ethnic Minority Achievement Grant (EMAG) has been funding EAL support in schools.

Studying English in the UK

In contrast, Scottish schools offer English for Speakers of Other Languages ( ESOL ) support. It is a good idea to contact the school to establish how they will integrate your international child.

Students can transfer schools during the year. First, contact your local council to find out which schools have places and how to apply. Next, submit an in-year application. Once placed, your child would start at the beginning of the following term. This process only applies to England, Wales, and Scotland.

Alternatively, in Northern Ireland , you must complete an AP1 transfer form and submit it directly to the new school. Usually, the school responds within ten days.

The Social Mobility Commission (2017) showed a link between parental involvement in schooling and improved educational outcomes.

As a result, Parentkind and the National Governance Association (NGA) collaborate to strengthen parental involvement in the UK education system. The NGA is an organization for governors and trustees of state schools in England. Parentkind is a national charity representing parental views in education. It also supports Parent-Teacher Associations ( PTAs ).

Most schools have governing boards. By law , they must consult parents on specific issues like admissions criteria and behavior policies. Besides, parents can serve as representatives ( parent governors or trustees) on these boards. In Scotland, parent councils have replaced school boards in many state schools.

Practical tips

It is a good idea to check with your child’s school how they involve and engage parents. They may use methods , such as:

• An online parent resource center or contact function on their website
• School events where parents can help
• Regular blogs, newsletters, and updates from the governing board
• Parent forums, councils, or focus groups
• Parent evenings
• Social media and communication apps like Parent Ping or Parent Hub

Parent and other useful organizations

• Parentkind – parent asscociation in England and Wales
• Parentkind-NI – parent assocociation in Northern Ireland
• Connect – parent association in Scotland
• Governors for schools – England and Wales
• Learning with Parents – a parental engagement policy group
• Big Change – transforming education systems

In contrast to many European counties, homeschooling is included in the UK education system. It is also called home education or elective home education (EHE). In fact, all four education departments offer support and resources to ensure high-quality tuition for home-educated children.

Parents can homeschool their children full-time or part-time. Accordingly, a child does not need to follow the national curriculum. Still, the local council will regularly review their progress. If it is found lacking, they may serve parents with a school attendance order . As such, the child has to attend their local school.

Regional organizations and support

• England and Wales – local councils
• Scotland – Home Education Scotland
• Northern Ireland – Education Authority (EA)
• Department of Education (DfE) – oversees child services and education in England
• Department for Education and Skills (DfES) – official government website for the education system in Wales
• Education Scotland – executive agency of the Education Department in Scotland
• Department of Education-NI (DE) – government website for education in Northern Ireland
• mygov.scot – government portal for the education system in Scotland
• Parentzone Scotland – useful information on Scottish schools for parents
• Parent Club – offers up-to-date guidance from the Scottish Government on your child’s health and education
• Education Wales – information about the new curriculum
• Ofsted – the Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills; reports of the quality of education in school in England
• Independent Schools Council (ISC) – find private schools in the UK
• Scottish Council of Independent Schools (SCIS) – find a private school in Scotland

Related Articles

Education System in the UK: A Comprehensive Guide

The education system in the UK is a complex and comprehensive structure that plays a crucial role in shaping the future of its students. Understanding this system is of utmost importance for both parents and students, as it allows them to make informed decisions about their educational journey. From primary education to higher education, each stage has its own unique characteristics and requirements.

Key Takeaways of education system in the UK

• The UK education system is divided into primary, secondary, vocational, and higher education.
• Funding for education in the UK comes from both public and private sources.
• Special education needs and disabilities (SEND) provision is an important aspect of the UK education system.
• Teachers and educators play a crucial role in shaping the education system in the UK.
• The impact of technology on education in the UK is significant and continues to evolve.

Education system in the UK: All stages

Primary Education: Key Stages and Curriculum

Primary education in the UK is divided into key stages, which provide a framework for learning and development. Key Stage 1 covers ages 5-7, while Key Stage 2 covers ages 7-11. The primary curriculum focuses on core subjects such as English, mathematics, science, and also includes foundation subjects like history, geography, art, music, physical education (PE), and design technology.

Early education plays a vital role in laying the foundation for future learning. It helps children develop essential skills such as communication, problem-solving abilities, creativity, and social interaction. By providing a solid grounding in these areas during primary school years through engaging activities and interactive learning experiences tailored to their age group’s needs.

Secondary Education: GCSEs and A-Levels

Secondary education follows primary school and typically starts at age 11 or 12 until age 16 or 18 depending on whether students choose to pursue further studies after completing their General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) exams or Advanced Level (A-Level) qualifications.

GCSEs are taken by most students at around age 16 before progressing onto A-Levels or other further study options such as vocational courses or apprenticeships if they choose not to continue with academic qualifications.

The secondary curriculum builds upon the foundations laid during primary school years but introduces more specialized subjects like sciences (biology chemistry physics), humanities (history geography religious studies), languages (French Spanish German), arts (art drama music), and physical education (PE). It is during this stage that students start to explore their interests and develop a deeper understanding of the subjects they enjoy.

Vocational Education: Apprenticeships and Technical Qualifications

Vocational education provides an alternative pathway for students who prefer a more hands-on approach to learning or wish to pursue specific career paths. Apprenticeships are a popular choice, allowing individuals to gain practical experience while earning qualifications in their chosen field.

Technical qualifications, such as BTECs (Business and Technology Education Council), offer specialized training in areas like engineering, health and social care, IT, construction, and many others. These qualifications provide valuable skills that can lead directly into employment or further study at higher levels.

Vocational education is essential as it equips students with practical skills that are highly valued by employers. It offers an alternative route for those who may not thrive in traditional academic settings but excel in hands-on learning environments.

Higher Education: Universities and Degrees

Higher education refers to post-secondary education offered by universities and colleges across the UK. Students typically pursue undergraduate degrees after completing their A-Levels or equivalent qualifications.

Universities offer a wide range of degree programs across various disciplines such as arts, sciences, business, engineering, medicine, law, etc. Students have the opportunity to specialize in their chosen field of interest while gaining valuable knowledge through lectures, seminars, practical work placements (if applicable), research projects (if applicable), etc.

Higher education plays a crucial role in preparing individuals for professional careers by providing them with advanced knowledge and skills required for specific industries or sectors. It also fosters critical thinking abilities necessary for problem-solving on complex issues faced by society today.

Funding and Financing Education in the UK

Funding and financing education can be a significant concern for both parents/students considering pursuing higher studies due to rising tuition fees associated with university courses across the UK. The government provides funding for schools and colleges through various channels, including local authorities and central government grants. However, it is important to note that not all costs associated with education are covered by public funds.

Students can also access financial support in the form of student loans to cover tuition fees and living expenses while studying at university. These loans are repayable once graduates start earning above a certain income threshold.

Understanding the funding options available is crucial for students and parents as it allows them to plan their finances effectively and make informed decisions about pursuing higher education without being burdened by excessive debt.

Special Education Needs and Disabilities (SEND) Provision

Special Education Needs and Disabilities (SEND) provision ensures that students with disabilities or additional learning needs receive appropriate support throughout their educational journey. This provision aims to create an inclusive environment where all students can thrive academically, socially, emotionally, and physically.

Support for SEND students may include specialized teaching methods, assistive technology, individualized learning plans, access to therapy services (such as speech therapy or occupational therapy), additional resources or equipment tailored to their specific needs.

Inclusive education is essential as it promotes equal opportunities for all students regardless of their abilities or disabilities. It fosters a sense of belonging among students with SEND while encouraging understanding, empathy, and acceptance among their peers.

Examining the Role of Teachers and Educators

Teachers play a vital role in shaping the educational experience of students in the UK. They are responsible for delivering high-quality instruction across various subjects while fostering a positive learning environment that encourages curiosity, critical thinking skills development creativity problem-solving abilities social interaction emotional well-being etc. To become qualified teachers in the UK teachers must complete initial teacher training programs which may include obtaining a bachelor’s degree in education completing postgraduate certificate/diploma courses attending teacher training institutions etc. Quality teaching is crucial as it directly impacts student outcomes academic achievement personal growth social development future success etc. Teachers are not only responsible for imparting knowledge but also act as mentors role models and guides for students. They provide support encouragement and guidance to help students reach their full potential.

The Importance of Parental Involvement in Education

Parental involvement is a key factor in a child’s educational success. Research has consistently shown that when parents are actively engaged in their child’s education, it leads to improved academic performance, increased motivation, better attendance rates, and enhanced overall well-being.

Parents can support their child’s education by creating a positive learning environment at home, establishing routines for homework and study time, attending parent-teacher meetings or conferences, volunteering at school events or activities, communicating regularly with teachers to stay informed about their child’s progress.

A partnership between parents and educators is crucial as it allows for open communication sharing of information collaboration on strategies to support the child’s learning needs etc. When parents are involved in their child’s education they become advocates for them ensuring that they receive the necessary resources opportunities support etc. needed to succeed academically socially emotionally etc.

The Impact of Technology on Education in the UK

Technology has revolutionized the way education is delivered in the UK. From interactive whiteboards and online learning platforms to virtual reality simulations and artificial intelligence-powered tools technology has transformed classrooms into dynamic learning environments.

The integration of technology into teaching practices enhances student engagement promotes active participation facilitates personalized learning experiences fosters creativity critical thinking skills development problem-solving abilities collaboration communication skills enhancement etc.

Educators must adapt to technological advancements by incorporating digital tools into lesson plans designing online courses leveraging data analytics for personalized instruction using social media platforms as educational resources etc. It is important that students develop digital literacy skills early on so they can navigate an increasingly digital world effectively while being aware of ethical considerations cybersecurity issues privacy concerns etc.

Educational Inequalities and Social Mobility

Educational inequalities refer to disparities in access opportunities outcomes quality resources etc. across different socio-economic groups or communities. Socio-economic status has a significant impact on educational outcomes in the UK. Students from disadvantaged backgrounds often face barriers such as limited access to quality schools, lack of resources at home, lower expectations from teachers, and reduced opportunities for extracurricular activities or enrichment programs.

Addressing educational inequalities is crucial for promoting social mobility and ensuring equal opportunities for all students regardless of their background. This requires targeted interventions such as increased funding for schools in disadvantaged areas, providing additional support services to students who need it most, implementing policies that promote diversity and inclusion within the education system.

The Future of Education in the UK: Trends and Predictions

The future of education in the UK is likely to be shaped by various trends and predictions. One key trend is the increasing use of technology in classrooms, which will continue to transform teaching practices and learning experiences.

Another trend is a shift towards personalized learning approaches that cater to individual student needs and interests. This may involve adaptive learning platforms that provide tailored instruction based on student performance data or project-based learning models that encourage hands-on exploration and problem-solving skills development.

Furthermore, there is growing recognition of the importance of developing transferable skills such as critical thinking creativity collaboration communication digital literacy etc., which are essential for success in an ever-changing job market.

Preparing for the future of education requires ongoing professional development opportunities for educators, investment in infrastructure and resources needed to support innovative teaching practices adoption implementation evaluation etc., collaboration between stakeholders (educators policymakers parents students industry professionals) research into emerging trends best practices effective strategies etc.

Comparing the UK Education System to Other Countries

Comparing the UK education system with those found around other countries provides valuable insights into strengths weaknesses challenges innovations best practices etc. International education rankings like PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) provide comparative data on student performance across different countries allowing policymakers educators researchers parents students to identify areas for improvement and learn from successful education systems.

Learning from other education systems can help inform policy decisions improve teaching practices enhance curriculum design promote innovation etc. It is important to recognize that no education system is perfect and that there are always lessons to be learned from others.

Conclusion: Recap of the Education System in the UK

In conclusion, understanding the education system in the UK is crucial for parents and students alike. From primary education to higher education, each stage has its own unique characteristics and requirements. Primary education lays the foundation for future learning, while secondary education prepares students for further study or employment. Vocational education offers alternative pathways, and higher education provides specialized knowledge in various fields.

Funding options must be considered, as well as support for students with special educational needs or disabilities. The role of teachers and parental involvement are vital components of a successful educational journey. Technology has transformed classrooms, addressing educational inequalities is essential for social mobility, and preparing for the future requires adapting to emerging trends.

By comparing the UK’s system with others around the world, valuable insights can be gained to improve practices and outcomes. Ultimately, understanding this complex system allows individuals to make informed decisions about their educational journey leading them towards success in both academia and beyond . For example, examining the education systems in countries such as Finland and Singapore, which consistently rank highly in international assessments, can provide valuable lessons for the UK. These countries prioritize teacher training and development, have a strong emphasis on critical thinking and problem-solving skills, and provide comprehensive support systems for students. By adopting some of these practices, the UK could potentially improve educational outcomes and better prepare students for the challenges they will face in the future. Additionally, studying education systems in countries with different cultural and socioeconomic contexts can offer insights into how to address inequality and promote inclusivity within the UK’s education system. By understanding the strengths and weaknesses of various systems, individuals can make more informed decisions about their educational journey, choosing the path that aligns with their goals and aspirations. This knowledge empowers individuals to navigate the complexities of the education system and increases their chances of achieving success both academically and in their future careers.

Frequent Asked Questions (FAQs) on Education System in the UK:

What is the education system in the uk.

The education system in the UK is divided into four main stages: primary education, secondary education, further education, and higher education.

What is primary education in the UK?

Primary education in the UK is for children aged 5 to 11 years old and is compulsory. It covers key subjects such as English, mathematics, science, and social studies.

What is secondary education in the UK?

Secondary education in the UK is for children aged 11 to 16 years old and is also compulsory. It covers a wider range of subjects, including languages, arts, and technology.

What is further education in the UK?

Further education in the UK is for students aged 16 to 18 years old and is optional. It includes vocational courses, apprenticeships, and A-levels.

What is higher education in the UK?

Higher education in the UK is for students aged 18 and above and includes universities and colleges. It offers undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in various fields of study.

What are the types of schools in the UK?

The types of schools in the UK include state schools, independent schools, and academies. State schools are funded by the government, while independent schools are privately funded. Academies are state-funded but operate independently.

What is the grading system in the UK?

The grading system in the UK uses letters to represent grades. A* is the highest grade, followed by A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. U stands for “ungraded” and means that the student did not achieve a pass.

What are the qualifications needed to become a teacher in the UK?

To become a teacher in the UK, you need a degree in education or a related subject, as well as a teaching qualification such as a PGCE. You also need to pass a criminal record check and have good communication and interpersonal skills.

Do Education System in the UK effective for international students?

The education system in the UK is considered to be one of the most prestigious and sought-after systems in the world. However, the effectiveness of the education system in the UK can vary depending on language barriers and cultural differences can also play a role in how effective the system is for international students.

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Education system structure – Ages 4-18

A Guide to the UK School system

The UK Education system is made up of 14 years of education. The first year of education is called ‘reception’ and children typically start in a reception class aged 4. The school year in the UK starts in September.

Most children who follow the state education system (funded by the UK government) complete 7 years of Primary school education at a Primary school, before moving to a Secondary school. The Secondary school covers education from ages 11-18.

The private school sector (fee paying) can have a different structure, depending on the school. Some schools that take pupils from ages 4-18 will usually separate out their Secondary school from their Primary school. Other schools may separate out their ‘Prep school’ from their ‘Senior school’ and this separation usually takes place when pupils are aged 13.

Within the senior school, the 6th Form is also usually treated as a separate institution. The 6th form is made up of pupils aged 16-18 who are studying for their final exams (A Levels or IB) before moving onto University.

What exams are taken in the UK?

GCSEs/IGCSEs

There are 2 main sets of public exams taken in the UK. Usually in year 11 (when most pupils are aged 16) pupils will take GCSE’s (General Certificate of Secondary Education). Most very able pupils will take between 8-10 GCSE’s covering a range of subjects. All pupils must take English and Maths and English is usually split between 2 separate GCSE’s English language and English Literature.

Most pupils will also take at least 1 science subject.

GCSE courses last 2 years and so pupils select their subjects for study and start their GCSE courses in Year 10.

A Levels/IB (International Baccalaureate)

Depending on how well pupils perform in their GCSE’s will impact on which A Levels they then take in years 12 & 13 (6th form). Most students will select 3 A levels to study intensively for 2 years. In Scottish schools students mainly study Highers rather than A Levels, but they are viewed as equivalent to A Levels by international Universities both in the UK and abroad. A significant number of schools in England and Wales also offer the IB (International Baccalaureate) instead of, or in addition,to offering A Levels.

The IB is a much broader qualification in terms of subjects studied, than A Levels and rather than being graded by letters-A*, A, B, C, D, E as A Levels are, the IB is graded numerically with one final numeric value being awarded-the maximum score in the IB is 45. For more information about the difference between the IB and A Levels, please do read a recent blog post we wrote for Study Travel magazine https://ukeducationguide.com/a-levels-v-ib/

When is the best time to transition from an Overseas education system to the UK system?

This is a critical question for all families to consider and there is not 1 right answer as each child and each family is different. The decision should not just be an academic one, but must also consider the views of each child and if they feel ready to move overseas to study.

We pride ourselves on exploring this fully with each family we work with and will explore these issues in later posts, but for more information visit or email us [email protected]

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The British School System Explained

If you’re thinking of moving to Britain with your children, you’ll want to get an understanding of how the British school system works.

We’ve covered everything you need to know, including the main differences between British and American schools, how British grades work, and the differences between public and private schools.

What's on this page?

• 01 | The British school system compared to the US
• 02 | British school system grades
• 03 | How are British schools funded?
• 04 | British school qualifications
• 05 | Is the British school system good?
• 06 | Public schools and private schools in the UK
• 07 | The best schools in the UK
• 08 | Summary

The British school system compared to the US

While there are many similarities between the British and American school systems, there are a number of fundamental differences that set them apart.

For starters, in the UK children aged four (sometimes even three) are expected to attend preschool (known as nursery in the UK), though it isn’t mandatory. They’ll start learning the fundamental building blocks of their future education with the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) framework.

EYFS is play-based learning, with a focus on preparing children for the school structure to come. It helps children develop socially and academically. Here’s a breakdown of EYFS from the UK government website:

• Communication and language
• Physical development
• Personal, social and emotional development
• Mathematics
• Understanding the world
• Expressive arts and design

This differs from the US preschool/kindergarten system, which isn’t actually compulsory for children until they reach the age of six.

Once you get past the EYFS framework, Key Stages become the backbone of British education. They are broken down according to the following criteria:

Key Stage 1 – Foundation year and Years 1 to 2 – for pupils aged between 5 and 7 years old

Key Stage 2 – Years 3 to 6 – for pupils aged between 8 and 11 years old

Key Stage 3 – Years 7 to 9 – for pupils aged between 12 and 14 years old,

Key Stage 4 – Years 10 to 11 – for pupils aged between 15 and 16 years old, and

Key Stage 5 – Years 12 to 13 – for pupils aged between 17 and 18 years old.

Primary school

Unlike in the US, school grades (known as ‘years’) are broken up into only primary school and secondary school. Primary schools are for children aged 5 – 11, with students starting in reception (or, Year R). This is the UK equivalent of kindergarten – after reception, children will enter Year 1, and so on until they reach Year 6 (the end of primary school).

Primary school children complete their SATs (Standard Assessment Tests), with examinations in Year 2 and Year 6.

Secondary school

Beginning at Year 7and ending in Year 11, secondary school prepares students for further education beyond sixteen years of age. For many students however, secondary school is the last stage of education before they take up some sort of apprenticeship or traineeship, or working for 20 hours per week alongside part-time education or training.

The bulk of secondary school for students gears them towards completing their GCSEs (General Certificate of Secondary Education).

Sixth Form and College

When secondary school finishes, many students choose to either continue into sixth form, where they will start their A levels (GCE Advanced Level). Typically, students will pick three to four subjects.

More often than not, sixth form students stay at the school where they learned their GCSEs. Another option is college, which is usually separate from secondary schools. Here, students pick from a wide variety of subjects that might not be available in sixth form, such as film studies.

Thankfully, the university system in the UK is a little easier to understand for US citizens. Like in the US, access to various universities is determined by what grades a student finishes with.

Certain well-known universities, such as Cambridge and Oxford, traditionally require only the highest level of academic achievement. These are the outliers however – access to universities in the UK is widespread and these days, many students enrol in universities across the whole country.

A Levels results day is when millions of students across the UK find out what universities they can go to.

British school system grades

The UK’s school years are broken up according to age, with each age bracket sticking to the appropriate Key Stage framework.

Here’s a handy table breaking down the various grades in the UK school system:

How are British schools funded?

State schools (‘public schools’ in the US) in the UK are funded in two different ways, revenue funding and capital funding. Revenue funding is the main income for a school and it comes from the government. It covers running costs such as salaries and equipment.

Capital funding deals with the building and maintenance side of things, with funds allocated to manage repairs or extensions to school property.

Both these types of funding are paid for by British taxpayers, but it’s also common for schools to run fundraisers. Things like school-sponsored raffles are a time-honoured tradition in the UK!

British school qualifications

In the UK, students are expected to learn and prepare for two mandatory assessments – SATs and GCSEs. Past these are A Levels, but this is optional for students who choose not to leave school at the end of Year 11.

SATs are for primary school students, with children taking their main SATs examinations in Year 6. For GCSEs, students start in Year 9 and Year 10, with the main exams coming at the end of Year 11.

Is the British school system good?

The topic of underfunded schools is something you’ll often hear in the news here in the UK. That being said, Britain’s school system remains one of the best regarded in the world.

From an early age, children in the UK get access to a high standard of education. Even in areas with a poor socioeconomic record, the curriculum is robust and makes sure students get a chance to shine.

In fact, the UK frequently ranks in the top five for education systems worldwide.

Public schools and private schools in the UK

The definition of public and private schools is different in the UK to the US – in the UK a public school is the equivalent of a private school in the US. What would be called a public school in the US would be called a state school in the UK.

Confusing right? There’s something else to think about too – ‘eleven-plus schools’. The eleven plus is a form of academic selection typically given to students leaving Year 6 . It gives students who pass the test access to various ‘grammar schools’, and secondary schools that require certain academic qualifications. These are generally seen as being ‘better’ than ordinary secondary schools.

Meanwhile, public schools typically cost substantial amounts of money to send your child to them, with the average fee being around £35,000 each year . Occasionally, particularly gifted students who would otherwise be unable to afford access, can be given a grant to attend these schools.

The term ‘public school’ dates all the way back to the 18th century. Back then, certain grammar schools started to spread their reputation and influence beyond school walls. This meant allowing the public access to the school if they could pay the entrance fee, hence the term public school.

Some of the most famous public schools include Eton, which was founded in 1440 , and Harrow, which first opened in 1572 . The former has a reputation for producing politicians, including the current Prime Minister of the UK, Boris Johnson.

State schools are definitely the majority however, with approximately 93% of British schoolchildren attending them.

The best schools in the UK

With around 24,400 schools in the UK, whittling down to the best schools is tricky, but we’ll use Ofsted as a measure (The Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills).

Ofsted, the UK’s governing body for education, determines how a school is rated. They rate schools according to the following criteria:

• The quality of education
• Behaviour and attitudes
• Personal development
• Leadership and management

Here are the top three schools according to their Ofsted performance:

Leagrave Primary School – Luton

St Mary’s Catholic High School – West Croydon

St John’s CofE Primary School – City of London

Hopefully the UK’s school system is a little clearer now! It’s certainly a lot to get your head around, but either way, if you’re moving to the UK with children you’re almost certain to get some of the highest education standards around (most lists place the UK in or around the top five for education worldwide).

If you’d like to learn more about life in the UK, take a look at our guide on moving to the UK from the US .

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• Education at a Glance

Education at a Glance 2022

United kingdom, oecd indicators.

Education at a Glance is the authoritative source for data on the state of education around the world. It provides information on the structure, finances and performance of education systems across OECD countries and partner economies. More than 100 charts and tables in this publication – as well as much more data available online – provide key information on the output of educational institutions; the impact of learning across countries; access, participation and progression in education; the financial resources invested in education; and teachers, the learning environment and the organisation of schools.

The 2022 edition focuses on tertiary education, looking at the rise of tertiary attainment and the associated benefits for individuals and for societies. It also considers the costs of tertiary education and how spending on education is divided across levels of government and between the state and individuals. A specific chapter is dedicated to the COVID crisis and the shift from crisis management to recovery. Two new indicators on professional development for teachers and school heads and on the profile of academic staff complement this year's edition.

English Also available in: French , German

• Spotlight on Tertiary Education: Findings from Education at a Glance 2022
• https://doi.org/10.1787/3197152b-en
• Click to access:
• Click to access in HTML WEB
• Click to download PDF - 8.38MB PDF
• Click to download EPUB - 60.43MB ePUB

The share of young adults with tertiary attainment has increased considerably in the United Kingdom in recent decades. In 2021, 57% of 25-34 year-olds had a tertiary degree compared to only 29% in 2000. On average across the OECD, the share of young adults with a tertiary degree increased from 27% to 48% in the same period.

• Click to download PDF - 523.79KB PDF

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Author(s) OECD

03 Oct 2022

Study Destination

UK Education System: Complete Guide to Education in UK

United Kingdom is well known for prestigious universities like Oxford, Cambridge, and more that provide excellent education and offer various courses for international students. The British education system has the reputation of having one of the highest education standards around the world. Therefore, the UK education system is extremely regarded, with experts in their fields imparting the best quality education through innovative teaching methods. Apart from this, the UK is a unique country known for its diversity, culture, and innovation, with an average retention rate of 82% for international students.

So, if you, too, are interested in pursuing higher studies here, this article will help you better understand the higher education system in UK. Let’s begin!

How Does UK Education System Work?

Let us begin by simplifying the UK education system for international students. The British education system has four levels— Primary, Secondary, Further, and Higher education . The primary and secondary levels are mandatory and are divided into different stages based on different age groups. Let’s explore them with the help of this infographic.

Let us now take a quick overview of each of the UK education system for international students levels:

Suggested: Requirements to Study in UK for International Students

Now that you have a clear idea about UK education system, let us discuss what makes UK education system for Indian students beneficial.

Reason for Quality Education in UK?

The UK education system for Indian students allows them to learn and accomplish their goals because its quality of education is rated among the best in the world. But how do the UK establishes this quality constantly? The UK education system ranking is one of the highest due to its regular checks by the Quality Assurance Agency.

Quality Assurance Agency (QAA)

QAA is an independent body that regularly assesses the education standards of all public colleges and public universities in the UK . It also ensures that all students have access to the best quality of research, learning, and teaching, irrespective of the courses they choose to study.

Suggested: Top Reasons to Choose UK as Your Study Abroad Destination

Next, let us move on to the higher education system and degrees offered by UK institutions within it.

Higher Education System in UK

Higher education in UK is offered by different types of educational institutions, including specialised schools, colleges, and universities. They offer various degrees like bachelors (undergraduate degrees), masters and doctoral degrees (Postgraduate degrees), and diplomas/certifications.

Following are their critical details:

Bachelors Degree

Bachelors degree is an undergraduate degree that a student can pursue right after completing his or her schooling. A bachelors degree in UK takes around 3 years to complete. However, there are some programs that take up to 4 years to complete, which includes one year of professional experience.

Further, the states like England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales offer bachelors degrees with a duration of 4 years.

Common bachelors degree for students in UK are as follows:

• Bachelor of Law (LLB)
• Bachelor of Education (B.Ed)
• Bachelor of Arts (BA)
• Bachelor of Science (BSc)

Masters Degree

If you're planning to do a masters in UK , it is a one-year-long course, but there is an option for students to carry forward and do it in two years by adding work placement opportunities to the course. These degrees are more focused on a particular area of a subject. Students choosing this degree can gain in-depth knowledge and develop diverse skills to flourish in their chosen field.

If you're eager to do a masters right after school, you can go for an integrated masters program in UK. It takes four to five years to complete the integrated masters degree (including both bachelors and masters degree).

Furthermore, the masters degrees in UK are broadly classified in two types:

Common masters degree for students in UK are:

• Masters of Science (MSc)
• Integrated Master’s degree
• Master of Laws (LLM)
• Master of Engineering (MEng)
• Master of Research (MRes)
• Master of Philosophy (MPhil)

Doctoral Degrees

To pursue a doctorate degree in the UK, the students first need to finish their masters in the selected field. Besides, they will have to work on an original research topic and then conduct research to submit a thorough thesis. It takes around three to four years to obtain a doctoral degree in UK.

Common doctorate degrees for students in UK are:

• New Route PhDs in UK
• Professional Doctorates
• Higher Doctorates
• Doctorate of Philosophy

Certificate & Diplomas

Apart from the degree programs, higher education institutions also offer several diplomas and certificate programs. Here is a quick view of them:

Suggested: Find out all about the Intakes & Deadlines for UK Universities

Next, let’s check the measure to score credits in the UK education system.

Credit System of Education in UK

The universities in UK use the Credit Accumulation and Transfer Scheme (CATS) to monitor and record a student's performance for different programs. An academic or university credit is an essential part of the UK and England education system. Usually, one credit is equal to the learning outcomes of 10 hours of study, and every degree has different credit requirements. Let’s take a quick look at these:

• A bachelors degree requires 300 credits and for honours, it requires 360 credits.
• An integrated masters degree requires 480 credits.
• A PG taught master’s degree requires 180 credits.
• A professional doctorate requires 540 credits

Suggested: What are the Best Courses in UK for International Students?

Next, an essential part of the education system in UK is the grading system. Here’s how it works.

Grading System of Education in UK Universities

The England education system has a unique grading system for higher studies as it aims to be more specific in describing students' academic accomplishments. The UK universities use a letter grade scale from A to F to indicate the student's academic performance, where A refers to outstanding performance and F refers to Fail.

We have mentioned the details in the table below:

Those obtaining A to D grades are considered to have passed, while those with E and F are considered failed.

The undergraduate and postgraduate degrees can be further divided into three categories depending on your academic scores. In the case of undergraduate programs, the term honours is often used. Let’s check the degree classifications based on scores:

• First-class Degree/Honours: 70% and above
• Second-class Degree/Honours: 50% - 70%
• Third-class Degree/Honours: 40% - 50%

Suggested: Everything about UK Grading System

The education system in UK is one of the main reasons a majority of international students are attracted to UK education. When studying in UK , students discover that practical and utility-based knowledge is preferred over textbook learning. It permits students to polish their critical thinking and analytical skills, building a strong foundation and striving for a promising career.

As a student, you might have some additional questions regarding the UK’s education system. If you want end-to-end guidance, connect with our expert counsellors by subscribing to Yocket premium . They will surely tackle all your doubts!

Frequently Asked Questions about Education System in UK

Which education system is better, the UK vs US?

Every country has a different education system. If compared, the UK education system is better than the US because it offers you ample choices in the courses you can study. Also, the length of the degree course offered in the UK is shorter, whereas the courses in the US are longer.

What is higher education in UK?

Higher education in the UK is the third level of education after your complete school. It takes rooms at universities and education colleges, generally including undergraduate and postgraduate studies.

Is UK good for international students?

Yes, the UK is the second most popular destination and a multicultural country, with a huge number of students following higher education in the UK. There are various other financial benefits/scholarships in UK for international students to attain and enjoy their education journey.

How many intakes are there in UK?

There are three intakes for international students in UK: 1) First: September to December 2) Second: January to April 3) Third: April to June

What is the role of the credit system in UK?

Credit system in UK calculates a student’s progress and supports their admission to higher education programs UK. Besides, the students can also transfer to another university or program by keeping the previous credit scores.

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Blog The Education Hub

https://educationhub.blog.gov.uk/2024/04/26/when-are-year-6-sats-2024-key-dates-for-parents-and-pupils/

When are year 6 SATs 2024? Key dates for parents and pupils

Year 6 pupils in England will soon be taking the key stage 2 (KS2) national curriculum tests, which are often referred to as SATs.  

The assessments are used to measure school performance and to make sure individual pupils are being supported in the best way possible as they move into secondary school .   

When are SATs?  

This year, SATs will take place over four days from 13 May to 16 May 2024.

The timetable is as follows:

What are the tests on?   

While pupils won’t be able to see what’s on the test beforehand, t he assessments only include questions on things that children should already have been taught as part of the national curriculum.  

You can find past papers on GOV.UK .  

As usual, there won’t be a test for English writing or science. Instead, this will be reported as a teacher assessment judgement.  

This is a judgement teachers will make based on your child’s work at the end of KS2.   

Does my child need to revise for SATs?  

Children shouldn’t be made to feel any unnecessary pressure when it comes to the KS2 assessments and t eachers will make sure that all pupils in their class are prepared.  

You should follow their general advice about supporting your child’s education throughout the year and ahead of the tests.  

While it is statutory for schools to hold the assessments, headteachers make the final decision about whether a pupil participates in them.   

Some pupils – for example those with special education needs or disabilities – may be assessed under different arrangements if these are more appropriate.   

If you have concerns about your child participating in the KS2 tests, you should speak to your school in the first instance.  

What if my child finds the SATs tests too difficult?  

It’s important to remember that one of the purposes of the key stage 2 assessments is to identify each pupil's strengths and the areas where they may have fallen behind in their learning as they head into secondary school.   

The results will help their new school determine in which areas your child needs the most support.   

The tests are designed to be challenging to measure attainment, including stretching the most able children. It means some pupils will find them harder than others.    

It takes three years to create appropriate tests. During the process, they’re rigorously trialled with year 6 pupils and reviewed by education and inclusion experts to make sure they’re the right difficulty level.   

The Standards and Testing Agency (STA) is responsible for developing the tests, and Ministers don't have any influence on their content.   

When will we find out the results of SATs?  

Schools will receive test results on Tuesday 9 July 2024.  

Before the end of the summer term, your child’s school will send you a report which will include test results and teacher assessment judgements.  

This should provide you with a good sense of the standard at which your child is working in each subject.  

The school will report your child’s test results as a scaled score for each subject. This is created from the number of marks your child scores in a particular test. A scaled score:  

• below 100 means that your child may need more support to help them reach the expected standard;  
• of 100 or more means that your child is working at, or above, the expected standard for the key stage.  

If your child is working below the overall standard of the key stage, or they have special educational needs, reporting will be different, and you should speak to your child’s teacher for more information.  

You can also find more information about  results at the end of key stage 2  on GOV.UK.  

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• How we are helping to inspire primary school children about their future careers
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Tags: KS2 , primary school , SATs , SATs 2023 , SATs results , Secondary School

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• Education, training and skills
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• Secondary curriculum, key stage 3 and key stage 4 (GCSEs)

Young people across England ready for next phase of education

Hundreds of thousands of young people celebrate today as they receive their GCSE and VTQ results today.

Over a million students are celebrating receiving GCSE and vocational qualification results today (Thursday 22 August), as young people across the country prepare to move on to the next stage of their education. 

The proportion of entries achieving top grades (grade 7 and above), and standard passes (grade 4) are consistent with last year as, for the second year in a row, grading has returned to pre-pandemic levels. 

Regional gaps in attainment remain significant. London and the North East continue to be the highest and lowest performing regions respectively, with the difference in grades 7 or above between up to 10.7ppt , compared to 9.3ppt in 2019. 

Schools Minister, Catherine McKinnell said: 

“I want to congratulate both students and teachers on their achievements today despite the many challenges they’ve had to overcome over the past few years to get here. 

“While this is a moment to celebrate, I am deeply concerned about the inequalities in our education system with where you live and what type of school you attend still being too big an influence on your opportunities. 

“Our review of the curriculum will break down barriers and ensure art, sport, music and drama are no longer the preserve of a privileged few.”    

Whilst more students entered art and design this year compared to last, entries to all other arts subjects are lower than in 2019.  

Arts are a vital part of students accessing a broad and balanced curriculum and along with culture and sport, are essential in supporting children and young people to develop life skills and creativity.  

The government’s Curriculum and Assessment Review has been launched to drive high and rising standards for all pupils and tackle the barriers which hold them back. The review will bring together leading education experts, leaders and staff, so every child benefits from a curriculum that is broad and rich, and ensuring the arts and music are no longer the preserve of a privileged few. 

Technical Awards - which 43% of students last year took alongside GCSEs – play an important role in accessing these subjects, with qualifications in a range of areas from graphic design and music to engineering and sports. 

Girls continue to outperform boys, however at grade 4 and above the gap (6.6 ppt) has narrowed compared to 2023 (6.8ppt) and 2019 (8.9ppt). 

This year results also show that: 

22.6% of English 16-year-old entries achieved a grade 7 and above, similar to 2023 (22.4%) and 0.8 ppt higher than 2019 (21.8%) 

70.4% achieved grade 4 and above, similar to 2023 (70.3%) and 0.5ppt higher than in 2019 (69.9%) 

Regional gaps in attainment remain significant. London and the North East remain the highest and lowest performing regions with the difference in grades 7 or above between the regions remaining stable at 10.7ppt for all ages, compared to 9.3ppt in 2019. 

Secondary selective schools continue to have the highest proportion of grades at 7 or above (60.3% at all ages) followed by independent schools (48.4%) and academies (21.2%). 

Apart from art and design, all arts subjects have seen a decrease in 16-year-old entries since 2019. The largest declines are in performing and expressive arts (-28.7%) and Drama (-14.4%), with both subjects having also seen decreases in entries from 2023. 

Entries in PE from 16-year-olds have also declined by 2.9% since 2019. 

Students collecting results today will progress to one of many high-quality options including A levels, hundreds of apprenticeship routes, vocational technical qualifications (VTQs) or T Levels. 

Starting this September, more high-quality T Levels will be rolled out, including in fields like Animal Care and Media, equipping students with valuable qualifications and practical experience to succeed in future industries.

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