geography grade 12 research project memorandum about informal sector pdf

Geography Grade 12 Research Tasks (Topics) and Memos (SBA)

Geography Grade 12  Research Tasks (Topics) and Memos for: term 1, Term 2, Term 3 and Term 4

Assessment is a continuous planned process of identifying, gathering and interpreting information about the performance of learners, using various forms of assessment. It involves four steps: generating and collecting evidence of achievement; evaluating this evidence; recording the findings and using this information to understand and assist with the learners’ development to improve the process of learning and teaching. Assessment should be both informal (assessment for learning) and formal (assessment of learning). In both cases regular feedback should be provided to learners to enhance the learning experience.

School-based assessment (SBA) is a purposive collection of learners’ work that tells the story of learners’ efforts, progress or achievement in given areas. The quality of SBA tasks is integral to learners’ preparation for the final examinations.

This booklet serves as a resource of four exemplar SBA tasks to schools and subject teachers of Geography. SBA marks are formally recorded by the teacher for progression and certification purposes. The SBA component is compulsory for all learners. Learners who cannot comply with the requirements specified according to the policy may not be eligible to enter for the subject in the final examination.

The formal assessment tasks provide the teacher with a systematic way of evaluating how well learners are progressing. This publication includes tests, a project and a case study. Formal assessment tasks form part of a year-long formal programme of assessment. These tasks should not be taken lightly and learners should be encouraged to submit their best possible efforts for final assessment.

The teachers are expected to ensure that assessment tasks are relevant to and suitable for the learners being taught. Teachers should adapt the tasks to suit learners’ level of understanding and should be context-bound; however, they should also take cognisance of the requirements as set out in the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement ( CAPS ) document.

Geography Grade 12 Research Tasks

Term 2 2024 research tasks.

• Geography Grade 12 Term 2 2024 Research Tasks

Term 2 2023 Research Tasks

• Geography Grade 12 Research Task Term 2 Project 2023 Answer Guide: Limpopo

Video Guide

What Skills are Assessed for Research Tasks in Grade 12

The following skills are assessed. Some/All of these skills may be tested in any external examination:

• Gathering data
• Interpreting data
• Analysing data
• Comparing different sets of data
• Representing data in written, graphic or mapped format
• Problem-solving
• Drawing conclusions
• Hypothesis statements

Research framework for assessment (Guideline on administration of research task)

Step 1: Formulating a hypothesis/problem statement.

Guideline: geography grade 12 research tasks.

Step 1: Formulating a hypothesis/problem statement. As Geographers we seek to understand and explain the interactions amongst humans, and between humans and the environment in space and time. This is achieved by asking questions or making informed geographical decisions. This entails the development of a hypothesis or a problem statement to be tested.

• You have to choose a specific area of study where a geographical problem exists.
• During this stage, a geographical question showing a problem is asked.
• Identify the problem from a local area.
• Formulate a hypothesis or a problem statement. (Hypothesis research is used to prove that certain variables are dependent on or independent of each other. Problem statement research is only to highlight that a specific problem exists in a specific community.)
• You should then follow the steps of research to ensure that the geographical question is answered.

Geography Research Project Topics for Grade 12 South Africa

• The value of property along north-facing slopes is higher than the value of property along south-facing slopes in Meyersdal, Gauteng (choose local area).
• The cause of rural-urban migration in Ndwedwe, KwaZulu-Natal (choose local area), is the lack of service delivery in the health sector.
• Climate change will impact negatively on grape farming and related industries in the Western Cape.
• The closing down of many primary schools in Lusikisiki (Eastern Cape) (choose a local area) is due to a decline of the population in the age group 7 to 15 years.
• The poor condition of roads (specify the names of the roads) leading to/in Harrismith, Free State (choose local area), is due to the lack of proper planning by the local municipality.
• The impact of building a dam along the Jukskei River in Gauteng (choose local area) upstream of Alexandra will reduce flooding and the subsequent loss of life in Alexandra.
• The e-toll system will impact negatively on the economic position of people using private transport in Gauteng.
• The e-toll system will impact positively on traffic flow to the major urban centres in Gauteng.
• Informal settlements in the Vhembe district of Limpopo have low levels of development due to the lack of provision of basic needs (choose ONE informal settlement in your local area.)
• Overcrowding of informal settlements is due to the lack of proper planning by the local government (choose local area).

Step 2: Background information about an area of study

• You must explain where in South Africa the study area is located. (This can be indicated on the map.)
• Describe the study area in terms of its exact position (degrees, minutes and seconds).
• Provide relevant information about the area, for example population of the area or climate of the area.

Step 3: Mapping

• You must provide a map of the area in question.
• During this stage you must create a buffer zone around the area where the geographical problem exists.
• The map should have a clear legend/key and must be drawn to scale. The scale must be indicated on the map.
• If the map used covers a wider area, buffer zones around the area of study should be created.
• The map used should be the most recent map of the study area

Step 4: Methods of data collection

(a) PRIMARY DATA SOURCES

• The use of questionnaires
• Observations
• Field trips

(b) SECONDARY DATA SOURCES

• Newspaper articles
• Government department statistics

Step 5: Analysis and synthesis of data

• Learners must use collected data now to formulate a discussion around the existing geographical problem. • At this stage learners should represent some of the information graphically where necessary, for example graphs and sketches. • Learners must analyse graphic information during this stage.

Step 6: Recommendations and possible solutions

• Learners should now make recommendations to solve the geographical problem in question. • Learners should present their original and realistic opinions as far as they possibly can.

Step 7: Conclusion – accept or reject the hypothesis

• Learners should now take a decision to either ACCEPT or REJECT the hypothesis.
• Learners must give reasons for either ACCEPTING or REJECTING the hypothesis

Step 8: Bibliography

• Learners must include a comprehensive bibliography.
• Learners must list websites in full.
• Learners must include annexures of questionnaires and interviews conducted

View all # Geography- Grade 12 Study Resources

We have compiled great resources for Geography Grade 12 students in one place. Find all Question Papers, Notes, Previous Tests, Annual Teaching Plans, and CAPS Documents.

More Geography Grade 12 Resources

• Why do Tropical Cyclones Develop in Late Summer?
• What is the impact of coriolis force and latent heat on the development of tropical cyclones? 
• Geography 2020 Past Papers
• Geography 2019 Past Papers

Grade 12 Geography Exam Papers and Memos for 2019 September and November

• Geography Grade 12 Research Tasks (Topics) and Memos

Useful Links

• Mid Latitude Cyclones Notes Grade 12

Geography Grade 12 2019 Exam Papers and Memos

Geography Grade 12 2020 Past Papers and Memos

Geography Mind the Gap study guide: Grade 12 Download

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Informal Sector

Informal Sector [4 hours] • concept and characteristics of informal sector employment; • reasons for high informal sector employment in South Africa; • challenges facing South Africa’s informal sector (Case studies to illustrate the above in the South African context)

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Grade 12 Geography

Geography grade 12 research tasks (topics) and memos (sba).

Geography Grade 12 Research Tasks (Topics) and Memos for: term 1, Term 2, Term 3 and Term 4

Assessment is a continuous planned process of identifying, gathering and interpreting information about the performance of learners, using various forms of assessment. It involves four steps: generating and collecting evidence of achievement; evaluating this evidence; recording the findings and using this information to understand and assist with the learners’ development to improve the process of learning and teaching. Assessment should be both informal (assessment for learning) and formal (assessment of learning). In both cases regular feedback should be provided to learners to enhance the learning experience.

School-based assessment (SBA) is a purposive collection of learners’ work that tells the story of learners’ efforts, progress or achievement in given areas. The quality of SBA tasks is integral to learners’ preparation for the final examinations.

This booklet serves as a resource of four exemplar SBA tasks to schools and subject teachers of Geography. SBA marks are formally recorded by the teacher for progression and certification purposes. The SBA component is compulsory for all learners. Learners who cannot comply with the requirements specified according to the policy may not be eligible to enter for the subject in the final examination.

The formal assessment tasks provide the teacher with a systematic way of evaluating how well learners are progressing. This publication includes tests, a project and a case study. Formal assessment tasks form part of a year-long formal programme of assessment. These tasks should not be taken lightly and learners should be encouraged to submit their best possible efforts for final assessment.

The teachers are expected to ensure that assessment tasks are relevant to and suitable for the learners being taught. Teachers should adapt the tasks to suit learners’ level of understanding and should be context-bound; however, they should also take cognisance of the requirements as set out in the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) document.

• 1 What Skills are Assessed for Research Tasks in Grade 12
• 2.0.1 Guideline: Geography Grade 12 Research Tasks
• 2.1 Geography Research Project Topics for Grade 12 South Africa
• 3 Step 2: Background information about an area of study
• 4 Step 3: Mapping
• 5 Step 4: Methods of data collection
• 6 Step 5: Analysis and synthesis of data
• 7 Step 6: Recommendations and possible solutions
• 8 Step 7: Conclusion – accept or reject the hypothesis
• 9 Step 8: Bibliography
• 10 More Geography Grade 12 Resources
• 11 Mid Latitude Cyclones Notes Grade 12
• 12 Geography Grade 12 2019 Exam Papers and Memos
• 13 Geography Grade 12 2020 Past Papers and Memos
• 14 Geography Grade 12 Research Tasks (Topics) and Memos (SBA)
• 15 Grade 12 Geography Exam Papers and Memos for 2019 September and November
• 16 Geography Mind the Gap study guide: Grade 12 Download

What Skills are Assessed for Research Tasks in Grade 12

The following skills are assessed. Some/All of these skills may be tested in any external examination:

• Gathering data
• Interpreting data
• Analysing data
• Comparing different sets of data
• Representing data in written, graphic or mapped format
• Problem-solving
• Drawing conclusions
• Hypothesis statements

Research framework for assessment (Guideline on administration of research task)

Step 1: Formulating a hypothesis/problem statement.

Guideline: geography grade 12 research tasks.

Step 1: Formulating a hypothesis/problem statement. As Geographers we seek to understand and explain the interactions amongst humans, and between humans and the environment in space and time. This is achieved by asking questions or making informed geographical decisions. This entails the development of a hypothesis or a problem statement to be tested.

• You have to choose a specific area of study where a geographical problem exists.
• During this stage, a geographical question showing a problem is asked.
• Identify the problem from a local area.
• Formulate a hypothesis or a problem statement. (Hypothesis research is used to prove that certain variables are dependent on or independent of each other. Problem statement research is only to highlight that a specific problem exists in a specific community.)
• You should then follow the steps of research to ensure that the geographical question is answered.

Geography Research Project Topics for Grade 12 South Africa

• The value of property along north-facing slopes is higher than the value of property along south-facing slopes in Meyersdal, Gauteng (choose local area).
• The cause of rural-urban migration in Ndwedwe, KwaZulu-Natal (choose local area), is the lack of service delivery in the health sector.
• Climate change will impact negatively on grape farming and related industries in the Western Cape.
• The closing down of many primary schools in Lusikisiki (Eastern Cape) (choose a local area) is due to a decline of the population in the age group 7 to 15 years.
• The poor condition of roads (specify the names of the roads) leading to/in Harrismith, Free State (choose local area), is due to the lack of proper planning by the local municipality.
• The impact of building a dam along the Jukskei River in Gauteng (choose local area) upstream of Alexandra will reduce flooding and the subsequent loss of life in Alexandra.
• The e-toll system will impact negatively on the economic position of people using private transport in Gauteng.
• The e-toll system will impact positively on traffic flow to the major urban centres in Gauteng.
• Informal settlements in the Vhembe district of Limpopo have low levels of development due to the lack of provision of basic needs (choose ONE informal settlement in your local area.)
• Overcrowding of informal settlements is due to the lack of proper planning by the local government (choose local area).

Step 2: Background information about an area of study

• You must explain where in South Africa the study area is located. (This can be indicated on the map.)
• Describe the study area in terms of its exact position (degrees, minutes and seconds).
• Provide relevant information about the area, for example population of the area or climate of the area.

Step 3: Mapping

• You must provide a map of the area in question.
• During this stage you must create a buffer zone around the area where the geographical problem exists.
• The map should have a clear legend/key and must be drawn to scale. The scale must be indicated on the map.
• If the map used covers a wider area, buffer zones around the area of study should be created.
• The map used should be the most recent map of the study area

Step 4: Methods of data collection

(a) PRIMARY DATA SOURCES

• The use of questionnaires
• Observations
• Field trips

(b) SECONDARY DATA SOURCES

• Newspaper articles
• Government department statistics

Step 5: Analysis and synthesis of data

• Learners must use collected data now to formulate a discussion around the existing geographical problem. • At this stage learners should represent some of the information graphically where necessary, for example graphs and sketches. • Learners must analyse graphic information during this stage.

Step 6: Recommendations and possible solutions

• Learners should now make recommendations to solve the geographical problem in question. • Learners should present their original and realistic opinions as far as they possibly can.

Step 7: Conclusion – accept or reject the hypothesis

• Learners should now take a decision to either ACCEPT or REJECT the hypothesis.
• Learners must give reasons for either ACCEPTING or REJECTING the hypothesis

Step 8: Bibliography

• Learners must include a comprehensive bibliography.
• Learners must list websites in full.
• Learners must include annexures of questionnaires and interviews conducted

More Geography Grade 12 Resources

• Geography 2020 Past Papers
• Geography 2019 Past Papers

Grade 12 Geography Exam Papers and Memos for 2019 September and November

• Geography Grade 12 Research Tasks (Topics) and Memos

Mid Latitude Cyclones Notes Grade 12

• March 24, 2021

Geography Grade 12 2019 Exam Papers and Memos

• February 28, 2021

Geography Grade 12 2020 Past Papers and Memos

• February 22, 2021

• September 29, 2020

Geography Mind the Gap study guide: Grade 12 Download

• August 17, 2020

Read All Posts

Geography Grade 12 2020 Past Papers and Memos for study revision

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Download Geography Grade 12 September 2020 Past Papers and Memos

Geography Grade 12 September 2020 Past Papers and Memos paper 1 and paper 2 pdf download

List of Geography Grade 12 September 2020 Past Papers and Memos

Geography grade 10, main reasons why is south africa regarded as a developing country.

Reasons why is South Africa regarded as a developing country: South Africa has a great economic infrastructure and natural resources that characterize its economy. In South Africa, there is outstanding progress in the field of industry and manufacturing. South Africa, however, is still characterised as a developing country and not a developed country.

• 0.1 6 Characteristics of a Developed Country
• 0.2 5 Reasons why is South Africa regarded as a developing country

6 Characteristics of a Developed Country

1. Has a high income per capita.  Developed countries have high per capita incomes each year. By having a high income per capita, the country’s economic value will be boosted. Therefore, the amount of poverty can be overcome.

2. Security Is Guaranteed.  The level of security of developed countries is more secure compared to developing countries. This is also a side effect of sophisticated technology in developed countries. With the sophisticated technology, security facilities and weapons technology also develop for the better.

3. Guaranteed Health.  In addition to ensuring security, health in a developed country is also guaranteed. This is characterized by a variety of adequate health facilities, such as hospitals and medical staff who are trained and reliable.

4. Low unemployment rate.  In developed countries, the unemployment rate is relatively small because every citizen can get a job and work.

5. Mastering Science and Technology.  The inhabitants of developed countries tend to have mastered science and technology from which new useful products such as the industrial pendant lights were introduced to the market. Therefore, in their daily lives, they have also used sophisticated technology and modern tools to facilitate their daily lives.

6. The level of exports is higher than imports.  The level of exports in developed countries is higher than the level of imports because of the superior human resources and technology possessed.

5 Reasons why is South Africa regarded as a developing country

1. South Africa has a low Income per year.  Annual income in developing countries is not as high as in developed countries due to the high unemployment rate.

2. In South Africa, security is not guaranteed.  Unlike in developed countries, security in developing countries is still very minimal and inappropriate. Therefore, crime rates in developed countries such as South Africa tend to be relatively high.

3. South Africa has a fast-growing population . According to the World Population Review , South Africa’s population will continue to grow until 2082, reaching just over 80 million people before plateauing and slightly declining the rest of the century. South Africa’s population growth rate is currently 1.28% per year. Developing countries have a very large average population compared to developed countries because of uncontrolled population development. This is also a result of the lack of education and health facilities.

4. The unemployment rate in South Africa is high.  South Africa has an unemployment rate of 34.4% in the second quarter  of 2021. In developing countries, the unemployment rate is still relatively high because the available job vacancies are not evenly distributed. In addition, the level of uneven education is also one of the factors causing the large unemployment rate.

5. Imports are higher than exports.  Due to the low management of natural resources and human resources in developing countries, developing countries more often buy goods from abroad. To eliminate the barriers of being a developed country, South Africa must reduce imports and must refine and develop its agricultural sector.

Characteristics of Developed and Developing Countries

Why_is_South_Africa_Still_a_Developing_Country

Geography Grade 12 November 2020 Question Papers and for study revision

Geography Grade 12 November 2020 Question Papers and Memos pdf download

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Grade 12 Geography Exam Papers and Memos Pdf Download

Grade 12 Geography Exam Papers and Memos Pdf Download: Term 1, Term 2, Term 3, and Term 4:

For students seeking comprehensive preparation materials for their Grade 12 Geography exams, our repository offers an extensive selection of past exam papers and memos. Access these invaluable resources by visiting our dedicated section at DistinctionPass.com .

Features of Our Geography Collection:

• Thorough Coverage: Our collection includes papers from multiple years and various exam sessions, ensuring that students can practice with a variety of question types and topics.
• Easy Access and Organization: The Geography exam papers and memos are sorted by year and exam period, making it simple for you to find exactly what you need for effective study sessions.
• Downloadable PDFs: All materials are available in PDF format for easy viewing and download, allowing you to study anytime and anywhere.

Enhance Your Exam Readiness: By exploring past exam papers, students can familiarize themselves with the format of the Geography exams and identify key areas that may require more attention. This practice not only boosts confidence but also improves time management skills during the actual exams.

Share and Collaborate: We encourage you to share these resources with peers, study groups, and educators. Collaborative learning can significantly enhance understanding and retention of geographical concepts and facts.

Subject-Specific Topics Covered: Our Geography exam papers cover a wide range of topics, including physical geography (like geomorphology and climatology), human geography (covering economic and urban geography), and environmental management. These topics are pivotal for mastering the subject and achieving outstanding results in your final exams.

Grade 12 Geography Exam Papers By Years

Find Grade 12 Geography Exam Papers By Years and Terms

2024 Term 1 March Tests:

2023 term 1 march tests:.

North West Papers:

NW-March-2023-QP-only-1

Term 2 June 2023 Papers:

Term 3 september 2023 papers:, term 4 november papers 2023:, 2022 term 1 march tests papers:, 2022 term 2 june question papers:, 2022 term 3 september papers:, 2022 term 4 november papers:, 2021 term 2 june papers:.

November Papers:

Term 1March/April papers 2020

Term 2 june paper 2020, term 3 september 2020 papers.

November papers

September papers:

November papers:

More Sources for Geography Grade 12 Papers:

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NSC Nov 2020: Geography P2 Memo

This is Geography P2 Memo for National Senior Certificate November 2020.

Grade 12 learners will benefit greatly when using it as part of their examination preparation.

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