toefl writing essay topic

TOEFL Prep Online Guides and Tips

The best toefl writing practice: 300+ topics to study with.

Writing is the last section you’ll complete on the TOEFL. You’re so close to finishing, yet you still have two essays to write before you can celebrate completing the exam. In order to finish the test on a high note, you’ll need to be prepared for this section.

In this guide, we explain the ins and outs of the Writing section and the materials you need to do well. We then go over all the best TOEFL Writing practice resources available , including free and official practice Writing topics. We’ll end with final tips to keep in mind in order to ace the TOEFL Writing section.

Overview of TOEFL Writing

The TOEFL Writing section is 50 minutes long (broken into two parts) and contains two tasks: Integrated Writing and Independent Writing. You’ll type both essays on the computer.

The Integrated Writing task requires you to use listening, reading, and writing skills. For this task, you will have three minutes to read a short passage, then you will listen to a short (approximately two-minute long) audio clip of a speaker discussing the same topic the written passage covers. You will have 20 minutes to plan and write a response that references both of these sources. You won’t discuss your own opinion.

For the Independent Writing task, you’ll receive a question on a particular topic or issue. You’ll have 30 minutes to plan and write a response to that topic that explains your opinion on it. You’ll need to give reasons that support your decision.

Each essay will receive a score from 0-5. The sum will then be scaled to a score from 0-30, which is your official Writing score. The Writing section makes up 25% of your total TOEFL score (from 0-120).

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What You’ll Need to Be Prepared for the TOEFL Writing Section

As you likely expect, you’ll spend most of your time on the TOEFL Writing section, well, writing. However, you’ll also need to have solid reading and listening skills for the Integrated task. Since the Writing section requires multiple skills, you’ll need multiple study tools in order to be completely prepared. Some of the most important things you’ll need to prepare for TOEFL Writing include:

• Complete practice Writing sections
• Individual practice questions or TOEFL Writing topics
• Opportunities to practice your writing skills
• Opportunities to practice your listening skills

In the next section, we’ll go over the best TOEFL Writing practice tests and questions.

The Best TOEFL Writing Practice Materials

This section contains links to the top practice materials to use while preparing for TOEFL Writing. What makes a practice material the best?

• First, the practice questions must be similar in content and format to the real TOEFL Writing section to give you the best preparation for the real exam.
• Second, it’s a major plus if the practice questions come with answer explanations that help you understand how to answer an essay prompt well.
• Finally, prep materials that include useful tips and strategies for answering Writing questions are useful because they give you advice on how to raise your score on this section.

Official Prep Materials

Official resources are the best to use since you can be confident they’ll be very similar to the real TOEFL Writing section. The topics will be much more realistic in format and content.

Below are all the official TOEFL Writing practice materials available, both free and paid resources. ETS doesn’t provide just Writing questions, so each of these resources also have practice resources for the other sections of the TOEFL. Be sure to include at least some of these materials in your studying. The next section has more tips on how to make the most of official practice resources.

TOEFL iBT Sampler

The TOEFL iBT Sampler is a program you can download with official practice questions, and it’s a great free and official resource to use. In addition to other TOEFL sections, it includes a complete TOEFL iBT Writing practice section (two tasks). Sample answers for both tasks are included so you can get an idea of what a good essay looks like. Unfortunately, the Sampler only works with Windows; you can’t download it with a Mac.

TOEFL iBT Sample Questions

This PDF is another free and official resource. In addition to other question types, it includes two Writing tasks: one TOEFL Integrated Writing practice question and one Independent Writing practice question. Each sample TOEFL Writing topic is followed by a sample essay as well as an in-depth score explanation, which is a great tool for studiers.

TOEFL iBT Quick Prep

The Quick Prep contains four different volumes, each of which contains one or two Writing prompts. The first volume is the best for TOEFL iBT Writing practice, since it contains two tasks (the others each only contain one) and also has an in-depth explanation of what your essays should include. The other three volumes only contain the essay rubrics without any advice on how to answer the specific essay prompt given.

TOEFL Practice Online (TPO) Tests

TPO tests are retired TOEFL exams now offered for test prep. They give the closest experience to the real TOEFL, and, because of that, they aren’t cheap. You’ll have to pay $45 for each complete TOEFL you buy (you can’t just buy individual TOEFL iBT Writing practice sections).

Your exam will be automatically graded after you finish it, although I was not particularly impressed with how the Writing section was graded when I took it. For the actual TOEFL, two human graders and a computer program review your essays and assign grades to each one. For this exam, a computer grades your Writing section within less than a minute of you completing the exam, and there is no explanation of how that grade was determined.

This is a useful resource, but if you don’t want to spend that much money on a practice test, it’s completely possible to do well just using the above practice resources.

Official TOEFL Prep Books

There are several official TOEFL prep books for sale by ETS. The Official Guide to the TOEFL Test , in addition to explaining the types of questions on the test, contains numerous practice questions and three full-length exams.  This is also the only official prep book that includes sample essays of varying scores along with scoring explanations, which can be a big help if you’re trying to guess what score your essays would get.

There’s also the Official TOEFL iBT Tests Volumes 1 and 2. Each of these books contains five unique practice tests, available on paper and the computer. However, no sample responses are given for Writing questions, which make them a less useful resource compared to The Official Guide to the TOEFL Test.

Unofficial Prep Materials

You have to be more careful when using unofficial prep resources since not all of them are reliable. Some are high-quality and very similar to the TOEFL, others are not. For the Writing section in particular, because it’s so easy to make up essay prompts, there are many sites that claim to offer TOEFL Writing practice when their practice questions are actually low-quality. Below are some of the top unofficial prep resources out there. All of them (except the prep books, if you buy them) are free.

English Club

This site contains one TOEFL Integrated Writing practice task and five Independent Writing practice tasks. All six TOEFL Writing topics are similar to the real test, and the Integrated task as well as one of the Independent tasks have sample responses you can compare your answers to. At the bottom of the web page is a checklist of things your essays should include to help give you a guideline of what you should be aiming for when you write.

Magoosh offers one TOEFL Integrated Writing practice task. That’s not a lot of practice, but it is a high-quality question that includes a sample response. Magoosh also offers three complete TOEFLs, so you can use those Writing questions as well.

Good Luck TOEFL

This site has a huge number (several hundred) of Independent Writing tasks, separated into five different categories depending on question type. Some of the questions are more simplistic than you’ll see on the real TOEFL , and there’s no scoring information or sample responses, but there are a good source if you need more TOEFL Writing topics to write about.

Beat the Test

This site contains 155 Independent Writing tasks. Like Good Luck TOEFL, some of these TOEFL Writing topics are easier than you’ll find on the TOEFL, and there are no sample responses included, but they do give you the opportunity to practice writing.

Unofficial Prep Books

Prep books, even unofficial ones, often are a great resource for practice questions. Most books include sample Writing questions, along with scoring explanations , and then contain one or more complete practice TOEFLs at the end of the book. You can learn all about the best TOEFL prep books by reading our guide.

Other TOEFL Writing Practice Materials

There are other ways to practice besides just answering sample Writing questions. TOEFL Writing is designed to measure how strong your English writing skills are, so, any practice you get writing English will help you with this section, even if you’re not directly answering practice exam questions. There are many ways to get writing practice; several of them are described below.

Duolingo is a popular free language-learning site. Users answer different types of questions, including writing questions. You can’t choose to only answer writing questions, so this isn’t the best resource for targeted writing practice, bu t it’s a good way to strengthen your overall English skills.

For advanced English learners, many of Duolingo’s beginning problem sets will likely be too easy, but you can take a quiz to figure out where in the program you should start.

Free Writing

Finally, you can also practice writing about topics that have nothing to do with the TOEFL. As long as you’re writing in English, you’re getting good practice. Writing about something that interests you can also encourage you to write more. Some ideas for free writing include:

• Keeping a journal
• Getting an English-speaking pen pal
• Starting a blog about a topic that interests you

How to Get the Most Out of Your TOEFL Writing Practice

Now that you’re an expert on the best practice resources for TOEFL Writing, the next step is to put those materials to use in the most effective way in order to see results on test day. Follow these four tips in order to get the most out of your practice.

Practice Writing in English Regularly

The most important thing you can do to practice for the Writing section of the TOEFL is to practice writing English regularly. If you can practice every day, that would be ideal, but at the very least you should aim to practice writing 1,000 words in English a week.

Remember, this writing practice doesn’t only have to consist of answering TOEFL Speaking questions; any free writing, even just jotting down what you did that day in your diary, counts as writing practice.

Make Use of Official Materials

As mentioned above, official TOEFL resources have the best practice questions out there, so you want to make the most of them.  Spread these questions throughout your TOEFL studying; don’t use them all up at the beginning or save them all for the end. You want to be regularly seeing these questions as you prepare.

Also, when you answer official practice questions, make sure you set enough time aside to devote your full attention to them. Practice them in a quiet room with no distractions, and carefully compare your responses to the sample responses. These aren’t the questions to practice when you have a few minutes to spare and need some quick practice while scrolling through your phone.

Time Yourself When Writing Practice Essays

When you are writing practice essays, you should also time yourself. Give yourself 20 minutes to plan and write each Integrated Writing task and 30 minutes for each Independent Writing task.

Timing yourself when you write will help you be better prepared for test day because you’ll have practice planning and writing essays within a limited time frame. When you first begin writing practice essays, it can be easy to spend too much time preparing and run out of time before you finish writing. Taking timed practice essays will help you avoid this. You should also count how many words each of your essays contain after you’ve finished writing them. Integrated tasks should be 150-225 words and Independent tasks should be at least 300 words.

Review Your Practice Essays

After you write each TOEFL practice essay, you should also review it and think about how well it answered the question. This is easier to do if the practice question comes with sample answers that you can compare your answer to, but you should do this step for all practice essays you write, even if they don’t come with any answer explanation.  You can also assign your essays a score or have a tutor or friend who’s also studying for the TOEFL score your essay.

It’s tempting to take a break from TOEFL studying as soon as you’ve finished your essays, but it’s important to do this step because it will get you thinking about what great essays look like and how yours can be improved. The ETS provides the rubric it uses to grade TOEFL writing tasks which you can use to evaluate your essays.

Conclusion: Getting the Most Out of Your TOEFL Writing Practice

In order to write two awesome essays for the TOEFL Writing section, you’ll likely have to put in some practice. Once you know what to expect from this section and how you’ll be graded, use a variety of official and unofficial practice resources during your studying.

As you’re preparing for the Writing section, you should also practice writing in English regularly, use official resources wisely, time yourself when writing practice essays, and review your essays after you write them.

What’s Next?

Looking for more information on the TOEFL Writing section? Learn all the tips you need to know in order to ace TOEFL Writing!

What score should you be aiming to get on the TOEFL? Learn what a good TOEFL score is based on the schools you’re interested in attending.

Looking for a great TOEFL prep book?  A good prep book can be the most important study tool you use, and we have information on all the best TOEFL prep books you should consider.

Ready to improve your TOEFL score by 15 points?

Author: Christine Sarikas

Christine graduated from Michigan State University with degrees in Environmental Biology and Geography and received her Master's from Duke University. In high school she scored in the 99th percentile on the SAT and was named a National Merit Finalist. She has taught English and biology in several countries. View all posts by Christine Sarikas

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TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: 100 Prompts + Model Answers

I created  100 writing practice tests + model answers. These tasks give you practice writing for an online discussion. In addition, after each practice test, I include a model response of how you could answer. If you want me to score your practice tests, join my TOEFL Speaking and Writing Feedback Service . To learn more about TOEFL Writing Task 2, CLICK HERE . Get some tips and tricks on how to effectively reply by going here . Good luck!

Table of Contents

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 1

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in biology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

• express and support your personal opinion
• meaningfully contribute to the discussion

Professor Smith: Over the last couple of classes, we have been discussing the theory of evolution, which posits that all living organisms have descended from common ancestors through natural selection and genetic variation. While widely accepted within the scientific community, it faces opposition from some religious and creationist groups who interpret religious texts as offering an alternative explanation for the origins of life.

In fact, some believe that the religious view for the origins of life should also be taught as an alternative view. However, others argue that, since the religious views lacks empirical evidence to either prove or disprove it, universities should not allow the religious version which stipulates that a supreme being God is the creator of all life. Please share in a post with your classmates which view you support and why.

James: In my opinion, teaching creationism alongside evolution in a secular educational setting just doesn’t make sense. Creationism doesn’t have solid evidence or scientific backing like evolution does. Science classes should totally be about evidence-based stuff that helps us think critically and understand the world around us. 

Emma: While I get that science should be all about evidence, mentioning creationism in a science course could help us understand different beliefs and cultural perspectives. It’s essential to acknowledge that not everyone thinks the same way and be open to diverse ideas, even if they aren’t scientifically supported.

• Write your 100-word response in the comment box at the bottom of this web page.
• Read model responses of how you could effectively reply to these TOEFL writing practice tests.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 2

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in Calculus. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Johnson:  While standardized tests are often used to assess students’ mathematical abilities and overall academic performance, there are debates about their effectiveness and fairness. Critics argue that standardized tests may not accurately measure a student’s true understanding of mathematics and can lead to teaching strategies that focus on test preparation rather than fostering a deeper understanding of the subject. Additionally, there are concerns about the potential for these tests to perpetuate inequalities, as students from disadvantaged backgrounds may face additional challenges in performing well on standardized math tests.

In your discussion post for this week, answer the following question, “Should math standardized tests be allowed at universities to measure students’ academic abilities?”

Olivia: Yes, math standardized tests should be allowed at universities to measure students’ academic abilities. These tests provide a standardized and objective way to assess a student’s mathematical proficiency, ensuring fair evaluation across diverse backgrounds. For example, universities can use these tests to determine students’ readiness for advanced math courses, helping them match students with appropriate academic programs.

John: No, math standardized tests should not be allowed at universities to measure students’ academic abilities. These tests may not fully capture a student’s mathematical potential and could lead to a narrow evaluation of their capabilities. For example, some students may experience test anxiety, which can hinder their performance, resulting in an inaccurate representation of their true mathematical skills.

• Write your 100-word response in the comment box below this post.

TOEFL Writing Practice TestsOnline Discussion Writing Practice Test 3

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in American History. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Williams: Reparations refer to the act of providing compensation or redress to individuals or groups who have suffered harm or injustice in the past. So far in this course, we have discussed this topic in the context of historical injustices, such as slavery, colonization, or systemic discrimination. Reparations aim to acknowledge and rectify the lasting impact of these past wrongs on affected communities. The forms of reparations can vary, including financial restitution, social programs, educational opportunities, or other initiatives designed to address historical inequalities. The idea of reparations remains a contentious and complex topic, as opinions differ on the necessity, scope, and practicality of implementing such measures.

Write a post this week addressing the following, “What type of reparations do you think society should provide African Americans for the historical injustices that they have faced?”

Robert: As an individual, I believe that providing free access to high-quality education and job training programs for African Americans would be a meaningful reparation for historical injustices. This initiative could help address the longstanding disparities caused by slavery, segregation, and discrimination. By investing in education and skills development, we can empower African Americans with the tools to overcome systemic barriers and pursue better opportunities.

Ava: I think it’s important to provide better healthcare and mental health support for African American communities as a way to make up for the unfair treatment they’ve experienced in the past. In the past, they didn’t have the same access to good healthcare, which made their health worse. By making sure everyone has equal access to good healthcare, we can start to fix these past wrongs and help African Americans be healthier. Also, giving them mental health resources that understand their culture can help them deal with the emotional pain caused by historical oppression and make their community stronger and more resilient.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 4

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in World Literature. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Jones: One controversial topic in world literature is the portrayal of race, ethnicity, and cultural identity. Some literary works have been criticized for perpetuating stereotypes or using cultural elements inappropriately. Critics argue that such portrayals can reinforce harmful biases and contribute to cultural appropriation. On the other hand, defenders assert that literature should reflect diverse perspectives and that exploring different cultures is essential for understanding the complexities of the world. The debate raises questions about artistic freedom, responsibility, and the impact of literature on shaping societal attitudes. Authors and readers continue to grapple with finding a balance between artistic expression and respecting cultural sensitivity in world literature.

As you prepare to write a post this week online, consider that some have gone as far as suggesting a ban on literature materials that promote stereotypes and racial bias. Others argue that these types of literature bans violate free speech which is a constitutional guarantee in the United States. Which opinion do you agree with and why?

Marco: I strongly believe that literature materials promoting stereotypes and racial bias should be banned because they can perpetuate harmful beliefs and attitudes. Such books can contribute to prejudice and discrimination, negatively impacting individuals and communities. Reading materials should encourage empathy, understanding, and respect for diverse cultures and backgrounds. When literature promotes stereotypes, it can lead to unfair treatment and misunderstandings among people of different races and ethnicities. Banning these materials can promote a more inclusive and tolerant society, where everyone feels valued and represented. Instead, we should focus on reading materials that foster empathy, challenge stereotypes, and promote positive intercultural relationships.

Isabella: I believe that literature materials promoting stereotypes and racial bias should not be banned because it’s essential to understand and learn from history, even if it includes unpleasant aspects. These books can serve as a reminder of past mistakes and the need for progress. Instead of banning them, we should encourage critical thinking and discussions around the problematic content. By engaging with these materials, we can develop a better understanding of how stereotypes and biases have shaped society and work towards overcoming them. It’s through open dialogue and education that we can challenge harmful beliefs and promote a more inclusive and accepting world.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 5

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in psychology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Brown: In addition to nurture, others support the nature perspective in psychology which posits that fundamental aspects of human behavior, cognition, and personality are predominantly shaped by genetic inheritance and innate biological factors. It emphasizes the role of hereditary influences in defining an individual’s psychological traits, highlighting the significance of one’s inherent predispositions and biological makeup.

Keeping the idea of nurture in mind, reflect upon the following assertion and answer the subsequent question:

Criminals are deviant by nature, so, once they commit a crime, they should face the maximum sentences allowed, especially since there is little or no chance or rehabilitating them in prison. If these criminals commit murder, for example, they should never be allowed out of prison for the rest of their lives. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?

William: Well, you know, saying that all criminals are just born deviant and can never change is not really fair or true. People turn to crime for all kinds of reasons – it’s a mix of biology, psychology, and the environment they grow up in. Sure, some folks might have certain inclinations, but that doesn’t mean they’re stuck that way forever. Rehab programs can actually work wonders by tackling the root causes, helping them change their ways, and reducing repeat offenses. So, let’s give people a chance to turn their lives around, huh? Compassion and understanding can go a long way in the justice system.

Ava:  Some criminals can be really tough nuts to crack when it comes to rehabilitation. It’s not always as simple as slapping on some therapy or classes. Some of them have deep-seated issues, like severe personality disorders or a history of violent behavior, that can make it super challenging to change their ways. In some cases, I believe that some of the criminals were actually born that way. Moreover, some criminals might not even want to change – they’re kinda set in their criminal lifestyle. And let’s face it, not all rehab programs are top-notch, so not everyone gets the help they really need. It’s a messy mix of factors that can make rehab success difficult for certain individuals.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 6

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in microeconomics. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Davis: One of the controversial topics in microeconomics is the minimum wage. It’s a hot debate that revolves around determining the appropriate level for the minimum wage and its impact on the economy. Supporters argue that raising the minimum wage can reduce poverty, increase workers’ purchasing power, and improve their standard of living. On the other hand, critics argue that higher minimum wages may lead to job losses, especially for low-skilled workers, as businesses may struggle to afford higher labor costs. This contentious issue sparks debates on the trade-offs between income equality and potential negative consequences on employment and small businesses.

In your view, what is the most important advantage or disadvantage of raising the minimum wage in our society?

Isabella: One significant advantage of increasing the minimum wage is its potential to enable workers to meet their essential needs more effectively. By raising their income, individuals gain greater access to necessities such as food, housing, and healthcare, alleviating financial strain and promoting a higher quality of life. Additionally, a higher minimum wage fosters a sense of economic security and empowerment among workers, encouraging them to pursue personal growth, increased productivity, and job satisfaction. Consequently, implementing a higher minimum wage can be considered a mutually beneficial strategy, positively impacting both the workforce and the broader economy.

David: One drawback of increasing the minimum wage is its potential impact on small businesses. When the minimum wage rises, these businesses face higher labor costs, which can be burdensome, especially for those operating on narrow profit margins. To cope, some may resort to reducing employee hours, cutting jobs, or even closing down altogether. This could lead to job losses and limited employment opportunities, particularly for entry-level and less experienced workers. Balancing the benefits for workers with the challenges faced by small businesses becomes essential when considering minimum wage adjustments. Finding an equilibrium that supports both workers and economic sustainability is crucial.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 7

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in chemistry. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Miller: Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are being used more and more in agriculture. GMOs are organisms whose genetic material has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally. In agriculture, GMOs are engineered to have desirable traits such as resistance to pests, diseases, and herbicides. Proponents argue that GMOs can increase crop yields, reduce the use of pesticides, and potentially help address global food shortages. However, opponents raise concerns about potential risks to human health and the environment. They argue that long-term effects of GMO consumption are still uncertain, and there is a risk of unintended consequences on non-GMO crops and biodiversity. The debate over GMOs continues to be a contentious issue worldwide.

Should GMOs be used in agriculture? Why or why not?

Richard: One reason why GMOs should be used in agriculture is their potential to increase crop yields. Through genetic modification, crops can be engineered to be more resistant to pests, diseases, and environmental stresses. This enhanced resistance can result in higher crop productivity, leading to greater food production. With the world’s population steadily increasing, GMOs offer a promising solution to meet the growing demand for food and help ensure global food security. By producing more food on existing agricultural land, GMOs can contribute to reducing pressure on natural ecosystems, thus supporting sustainable farming practices.

Sophia:  I believe that GMOs should not be used in agriculture because of the concern over potential long-term effects on human health and the environment. While some studies have shown no immediate adverse health effects from consuming GMOs, critics argue that the long-term impact is still uncertain and warrants caution. Additionally, the use of genetically modified crops can lead to unintended consequences, such as the development of resistance in pests and weeds, and potential harm to non-GMO crops through cross-pollination. A study published in the journal “Environmental Sciences Europe” in 2014 reported that the widespread adoption of GMO crops has led to an increase in herbicide use, contributing to environmental concerns. As such, a precautionary approach is necessary when considering the widespread use of GMOs in agriculture.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 8

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in environmental science. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Wilson: As we have discussed over the last two classes, large-scale hydroelectric dams are being constructed in several countries. These projects are lauded for their capacity to generate renewable energy and aid in climate change mitigation, providing a stable power supply and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, their construction often involves extensive land clearing, which can lead to habitat destruction, loss of biodiversity, and displacement of local communities. Furthermore, altered water flow and sediment transport can negatively impact downstream ecosystems, disrupting aquatic life and affecting traditional fishing practices. At the very least, striking a balance between energy needs and ecological preservation requires rigorous environmental impact assessments and inclusive stakeholder engagement to address the potential ecological and social consequences of such projects.

Some believe that these large structures should no longer be built since they cause so much habitat destruction. Others, in contrast, contend that the benefits of the dams’ renewable energy production far outweigh any negative environmental effects. Which opinion do you prefer and why? 

Joseph: One significant benefit of hydroelectric dams is their capacity to generate clean and renewable energy. By harnessing the force of flowing water, hydroelectric power plants produce electricity without burning fossil fuels, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change. This sustainable energy source contributes to global efforts to transition away from polluting and finite energy resources, providing a reliable power supply to meet growing energy demands. Additionally, hydroelectric dams offer a stable and consistent power output, which aids in grid stability and enhances energy security, thereby promoting sustainable development and supporting a more environmentally responsible energy generation system.

Mia: One drawback of hydroelectric dams is their significant environmental impact on aquatic ecosystems. The construction of large dams often leads to the alteration of natural river flows, disrupting fish migration routes and hindering sediment transport. This disruption can negatively affect fish populations and biodiversity downstream, leading to the decline of certain species. Furthermore, the altered river flow can change the landscape and alter habitats, potentially displacing local communities and disrupting traditional livelihoods. Addressing these environmental concerns necessitates careful planning, monitoring, and implementing mitigation measures to minimize the adverse effects of hydroelectric dams on the surrounding ecosystems and communities.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 9

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in international relations. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Moore:  Consider the idea of humanitarian intervention. The ethical dilemma arises when considering whether external actors should intervene militarily in a sovereign state to protect civilian populations from gross human rights violations or atrocities. While proponents argue for the moral obligation to prevent humanitarian crises, critics raise concerns about potential violations of state sovereignty, unintended consequences, and the risk of exacerbating conflicts. Debates surrounding the legitimacy, effectiveness, and practicality of humanitarian intervention underscore the complexities of balancing humanitarian principles with respect for state sovereignty, necessitating a nuanced understanding of international law, ethics, and geopolitical dynamics in addressing such crises.

Should the United States or some other capable country employ military intervention in another country in order to protect its people from gross human rights violations?  Why or why not?

Amelia: Yes, there are instances where military intervention by a capable country can be justified to protect people from gross human rights violations. For example, during the Rwandan genocide in 1994, the United States and other countries faced a moral imperative to intervene militarily to prevent the mass killings of Tutsis by the Hutu-led government. The failure to take decisive action resulted in the loss of hundreds of thousands of lives. In such extreme cases, when all diplomatic efforts have failed and the international community can prevent widespread atrocities, military intervention may be a justifiable measure to uphold the principles of human rights and humanitarian responsibility.

Charles: No, military intervention by a capable country to protect people from gross human rights violations can be highly contentious and fraught with complexities. An example illustrating this is the Iraq War in 2003, where the United States and its allies justified intervention based on claims of preventing human rights abuses and weapons of mass destruction. However, the lack of concrete evidence for these claims and the subsequent destabilization of the region resulted in significant loss of life, increased sectarian tensions, and prolonged conflict. This example highlights the potential risks and unintended consequences associated with military intervention in such situations, necessitating cautious consideration and exploration of alternative approaches in addressing human rights crises.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 10

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in cultural anthropology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Taylor: One controversial topic in cultural anthropology is the practice of cultural relativism versus universal human rights. Cultural relativism emphasizes understanding and interpreting cultural practices within their own context, without imposing external judgments. However, critics argue that this approach may overlook human rights violations and cultural practices that oppress vulnerable groups, such as women or minority populations. Striking a balance between cultural sensitivity and upholding universal human rights requires nuanced ethical considerations. Anthropologists grapple with the challenge of respecting cultural diversity while addressing harmful practices, questioning whether universal ethical standards can coexist with the idea of cultural relativism in the pursuit of a more equitable and just society.

In some rural communities in Africa,  female genital mutilation, a deeply entrenched tradition, is considered an essential rite of passage or a way to preserve purity and marriageability. What should the United Nations human rights advocates do regarding this practice?

Thomas: United Nations human rights advocates should approach the issue of female genital mutilation (FGM) with sensitivity and respect for the cultural context. Instead of imposing external judgments, they should strive to understand the underlying reasons behind the practice within these rural African communities. Engaging in dialogue with local leaders, community members, and women’s groups would be essential to comprehend the cultural significance and beliefs surrounding FGM. The goal would be to foster open conversations, encouraging the communities to critically reflect on the practice and potentially initiate internal discussions about its continuation or modification, while also supporting the preservation of their cultural identity and autonomy.

Harper:United Nations human rights advocates should take a firm stance against female genital mutilation (FGM) as it violates fundamental human rights, particularly the rights of women and girls. The UN should engage in targeted efforts to raise awareness about the harmful physical and psychological effects of FGM, advocating for its eradication through legal measures and community education programs. Collaborating with local NGOs and governments, the UN should work towards empowering women and girls, promoting gender equality, and challenging the patriarchal norms that perpetuate this practice. It is crucial to ensure that human rights principles prevail over cultural relativism in combating FGM and safeguarding the rights and dignity of affected individuals.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 11

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in marketing. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Anderson: Social media platforms collect user data for personalized advertising. When users engage with social media, their actions, interests, and behaviors are tracked and analyzed to create detailed profiles. These profiles enable companies to deliver highly targeted advertisements based on individual preferences and behaviors. While some consumers appreciate the convenience of relevant ads, others feel uncomfortable with the level of intrusion into their privacy. Moreover, there have been instances of data breaches and misuse, where sensitive user information has been accessed without proper consent. This example exemplifies the ethical concerns surrounding the use of personal data for marketing purposes, highlighting the need for robust regulations and transparent practices to protect consumer privacy.

Should social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter be allowed to collect user data for personalized advertising? Why or why not?

Christopher: Yes, social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter should be allowed to collect user data for personalized advertising, provided that it is done, as our professor has pointed out, ethically and transparently. Personalized advertising enhances user experience by presenting relevant content and products, increasing engagement and revenue for businesses. Moreover, it allows advertisers to reach their target audience more effectively. As long as users are informed about data collection practices, given control over their preferences, and consent is obtained appropriately, the benefits of personalized advertising can be balanced with respect for user privacy and autonomy. This approach fosters a thriving digital economy while respecting individual rights and preferences.

Evelyn: No, social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter should not be allowed unrestricted access to collect user data for personalized advertising. Such practices raise significant privacy concerns, compromising users’ personal information without their informed consent. The indiscriminate gathering of data can lead to potential misuse, data breaches, and targeted manipulation of users. Moreover, it undermines individual autonomy and erodes trust in these platforms. Instead, stringent data protection regulations and opt-in consent mechanisms should be enforced, ensuring that user privacy is safeguarded, and personalized advertising is carried out responsibly and with explicit user permission.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 12

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in physics. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Thomas: Time travel has captured the imagination of many, thanks to popular movies and books. Some theories in physics, like Einstein’s theory of general relativity, suggest that time travel might be theoretically possible. However, it’s important to note that these theories involve complex concepts like wormholes and time dilation, which are not currently feasible with our current technology. While time travel is a fascinating topic to explore in theory, practical challenges and the absence of concrete evidence make it a subject of speculation rather than a proven reality.

If time travel were possible, what would be its most valuable contribution to our civilization?  

Daniel: If time travel were possible, one potential benefit would be the opportunity to gain invaluable insights into history and its unfolding events. Time travelers could directly witness significant historical moments, access lost knowledge, and learn from past mistakes to shape a more enlightened future. By observing the past firsthand, researchers could resolve historical uncertainties and fill gaps in our understanding of ancient civilizations and cultures. Moreover, lessons from history could inform present-day decisions, potentially leading to more informed and thoughtful choices for the betterment of society. However, it is essential to consider the ethical implications and potential consequences of time travel to ensure responsible and ethical usage of such technology.

Abigail: Another potential benefit of time travel, if possible, would be the advancement of scientific knowledge and technological innovation. Time travelers could visit advanced civilizations or distant future societies, witnessing advanced technologies and scientific breakthroughs that may not be accessible in their present time. By studying these futuristic developments, scientists could gain new insights, ideas, and inspiration to accelerate progress and enhance human understanding of the universe. Additionally, time travel might offer opportunities for researchers to validate and refine current scientific theories, as well as explore uncharted territories like the far reaches of the cosmos or the mysteries of black holes. However, such endeavors would require careful consideration of ethical implications and potential impacts on the timeline.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 13

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in political science. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Jackson: Affirmative action refers to policies and programs aimed at addressing historical discrimination and promoting diversity by giving preferential treatment to certain groups, such as racial minorities or women, in areas like education and employment. Supporters argue that it helps level the playing field and fosters inclusivity, while opponents believe it can lead to reverse discrimination and undermine the principle of meritocracy. Debates surrounding affirmative action often involve questions of fairness, equal opportunity, and the appropriate means to achieve social justice in society.

Some say colleges should use affirmative action as part of its admission policies with new students. Others, on the other hand, claim that affirmative action should no longer be used as a way to select new students. Which opinion do you prefer and why?

Emily: Yes, colleges should use affirmative action to admit new students. Affirmative action is a valuable tool to address historical disadvantages and promote diversity, fostering a more inclusive and equitable learning environment. By considering race, gender, and other factors, colleges can create opportunities for underrepresented groups and contribute to a richer exchange of ideas and perspectives. It helps dismantle systemic barriers, allowing talented individuals from marginalized backgrounds to access higher education, ultimately benefiting society as a whole through a more diverse and culturally aware workforce and citizenry.

Daniel: No, colleges should not use affirmative action to admit new students. While the intention behind affirmative action may be to promote diversity and address historical disadvantages, it can lead to reverse discrimination, where some individuals may be unfairly disadvantaged based on their race or gender. Merit should be the primary criterion for college admissions, ensuring that the most qualified applicants are accepted. Affirmative action may also create a sense of tokenism, undermining the principle of equal opportunity. Instead, colleges should focus on providing equal access to quality education for all, irrespective of their background, to foster a truly fair and merit-based system.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 14

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in comparative religions. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor White: The issue of religious secularism revolves around the relationship between religion and the state, particularly the extent to which religious beliefs and practices should influence or be excluded from public affairs and governance.

Should religion be separated from the government of a country? Why of why not?

Matthew: No, religion should not be separated from the government of a country. Many argue that religious principles can provide a strong moral foundation for governance and societal values. Integrating religion into the government allows for policies aligned with shared beliefs, fostering a cohesive society. However, this approach raises concerns about religious freedom, as it may marginalize minority religions or lead to discrimination. It also risks compromising the principle of a secular state that treats all citizens equally, irrespective of their religious beliefs. Striking a balance that respects religious diversity while upholding the principles of inclusivity and non-discrimination is essential for a thriving and harmonious society.

Elizabeth: Yes, religion should be separated from the government of a country. A secular government ensures religious freedom, allowing individuals to practice any faith or belief without fear of discrimination or persecution. This separation prevents religious bias in governance and promotes equal treatment for all citizens, regardless of their religious affiliations. It fosters a diverse and inclusive society, encouraging dialogue and cooperation among people from different religious backgrounds. By keeping religion separate from the state, the government can focus on the welfare and rights of all citizens, creating an environment that respects individual liberties and promotes social harmony.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 15

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in statistics. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Martin: Random sampling and convenience sampling are two approaches used to survey data from a population, but they differ significantly in terms of representativeness and bias. Random sampling involves selecting a subset of individuals from the population entirely at random, giving every member an equal chance of being chosen. This method ensures that the sample closely represents the entire population, making it more reliable for drawing accurate conclusions. On the other hand, convenience sampling involves selecting participants who are readily available or easy to reach. While convenient, this approach can introduce bias since it may not adequately represent the broader population, potentially leading to skewed or inaccurate results. The debate centers around which sampling method is more appropriate for different research scenarios and how the choice of sampling method can impact the validity and generalizability of statistical findings.

Whether you use random or convenience sampling, explain one benefit of using surveys in research papers.

Sophia: One benefit of using surveys in research papers, whether employing random or convenience sampling, is the ability to collect large amounts of data efficiently. Surveys can reach a diverse and geographically dispersed audience, providing a wide range of responses and perspectives on a particular topic. This data abundance enhances the statistical power of the research, enabling researchers to draw more robust and comprehensive conclusions.

Anthony: Another benefit of using surveys in research papers, as mentioned earlier, is the potential for enhanced representativeness. When random sampling is employed, surveys can offer a more accurate portrayal of the broader population. By ensuring that each member has an equal chance of being selected, random sampling reduces biases and ensures that the sample is a fair reflection of the population’s characteristics. This enhances the external validity of the research findings, allowing researchers to generalize the results with greater confidence to the larger target population. By obtaining a representative sample, research papers can yield more reliable and applicable insights, making them valuable resources for understanding various social, economic, and behavioral phenomena.

TO EFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 16

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in art history. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Harris:  A rtistic censorship around the question of whether certain artworks should be restricted, altered, or banned due to their content, themes, or political implications. Supporters of censorship argue that some artworks may promote violence, offend cultural or religious sensibilities, or perpetuate harmful stereotypes. On the other hand, opponents believe in artistic freedom, asserting that censoring art infringes upon creativity, hampers freedom of expression, and restricts critical dialogue. This debate raises important questions about the balance between artistic expression and social responsibility, challenging us to grapple with complex ethical and cultural considerations in the art world.

Should offensive artwork be banned or censored? Why or why not?

Donald: Yes, offensive artwork should be subject to censorship or potential banning. While artistic freedom is crucial, there are instances where certain artworks can perpetuate hate, incite violence, or perpetrate harmful stereotypes. Censorship of offensive art aims to protect vulnerable communities from harm, ensuring a more inclusive and respectful society. Implementing reasonable limits on artistic expression does not curtail creativity but instead fosters responsible art that can inspire positive change. Striking a balance between artistic freedom and protecting societal values allows for a more constructive and empathetic dialogue, promoting cultural understanding and fostering a harmonious coexistence among diverse communities.

Avery: No, offensive artwork should not be banned or censored. While it is essential to acknowledge that some artworks may provoke discomfort or disagreement, art plays a crucial role in challenging societal norms and encouraging critical thinking. Banning offensive art risks infringing upon freedom of expression, stifling creativity, and limiting artistic exploration. Instead, society should engage in open dialogue and constructive criticism to address controversial artworks. Emphasizing education and promoting diverse perspectives can foster a more inclusive and tolerant society where differing viewpoints are respected while safeguarding the right to artistic freedom and expression.

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in human anatomy and physiology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Martin: In human anatomy and physiology is the debate surrounding “nature vs. nurture in the development of mental health disorders.” This topic explores the relative contributions of genetic factors (nature) and environmental influences, such as upbringing, experiences, and trauma (nurture), in the development of conditions like depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia. Proponents of the nature perspective argue that certain mental health disorders have a significant genetic basis, and individuals may be more predisposed to them due to their family history. On the other hand, those supporting the nurture perspective emphasize the impact of environmental stressors and life experiences in triggering or exacerbating mental health issues.

Over the last week, we have discussed how a person’s family history may make them more susceptible to mental illnesses such as depression. Do you believe that depression is more influenced by genetics than by the environment?

Ella: Yes, research suggests that genetics plays a significant role in influencing depression. Studies have found that individuals with a family history of depression are more likely to develop the condition, indicating a hereditary component. Twin and family studies also support the idea that genetic factors contribute to depression vulnerability.

Mark: No, depression is not solely influenced by genetics; the environment also plays a significant role. While there may be a genetic predisposition for some individuals, environmental factors such as traumatic experiences, childhood adversity, social support, and lifestyle choices can profoundly impact depression development. Despite what Ella says, Twin and family studies also demonstrate that even in genetically similar individuals, differences in environment can lead to varying depression outcomes. Moreover, the global prevalence of depression varies across cultures and societies, indicating the strong influence of environmental and socio-cultural factors. Understanding the complex interaction between genetics and the environment is essential to comprehensively address and treat depression.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 18

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in macroeconomics. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Martinez: One controversial topic that we have discussed is “government intervention in the economy.” This debate centers around the extent to which governments should intervene in economic activities to achieve desired outcomes. Proponents of government intervention argue that it can promote economic stability, address market failures, and reduce income inequality through policies like fiscal stimulus, regulation, and welfare programs. On the other hand, opponents assert that excessive government intervention can lead to inefficiencies, distortions, and reduced incentives for private sector growth. This topic raises fundamental questions about the role of government in shaping the economy and sparks ongoing discussions about finding the right balance between intervention and free-market principles.

During a recession, some economists believe the government should use taxpayer dollars to rescue large companies that are going out of business. Conversely, other believe that these companies should be allowed to fail without government intervention. Which opinion do you agree with?

Paul: Regarding the first position, I believe that the government should use taxpayer dollars to rescue large companies during a recession. Such interventions can prevent widespread economic turmoil, preserve jobs, and stabilize critical industries. The potential negative consequences of letting these companies fail could outweigh the short-term cost of intervention.

Scarlett: I think that such interventions may create moral hazard, as companies may take excessive risks knowing that the government will bail them out. Letting inefficient or mismanaged companies fail allows for market correction and the reallocation of resources to more productive sectors. Moreover, using taxpayer dollars to rescue large companies can raise concerns about fairness and exacerbate income inequality. Instead, government intervention should focus on supporting individuals and small businesses directly affected by economic downturns, rather than propping up failing corporations. They advocate for targeted and transparent economic stimulus measures to foster long-term economic growth and stability.

I acknowledge Paul’s position that government intervention can prevent economic turmoil and stabilize critical industries during a recession. However, I agree with Scarlett’s argument that such interventions may create moral hazard and raise concerns about fairness and income inequality.

As a personal example, during the 2008 financial crisis, my family’s small business faced significant challenges. While we struggled to keep the business afloat, some large corporations received substantial government bailouts. This raised questions about the fairness of the assistance provided, as many smaller businesses like ours did not receive the same level of support. Witnessing this disparity firsthand reinforced my belief in the importance of targeted and transparent economic stimulus measures that prioritize supporting individuals and small businesses directly affected by economic downturns. By focusing on these measures, governments can foster long-term economic growth and stability while minimizing moral hazard and promoting a more equitable recovery.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 19

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in computer science. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Robinson: A controversial topic in computer science is “artificial intelligence and its ethical implications.” This debate centers around the development and application of AI technologies, raising concerns about privacy, security, bias, and the potential impact on the job market. Some argue that AI can revolutionize industries, improve efficiency, and solve complex problems. However, critics express fears of AI displacing human jobs, exacerbating inequality, and lacking accountability in decision-making. The ethical dilemmas arise when AI systems are entrusted with critical tasks such as autonomous vehicles, healthcare diagnostics, and law enforcement. Striking a balance between AI’s potential benefits and ethical considerations is crucial for ensuring responsible and equitable integration of these technologies into society.

In your view, what is Artificial Intelligence’s greatest contribution to society?

Grace: In my view, Artificial Intelligence’s greatest contribution to society is its potential to revolutionize healthcare. AI-powered technologies can enhance medical diagnoses, treatment plans, and drug discovery processes, leading to more accurate and personalized patient care. Machine learning algorithms can analyze vast amounts of medical data, enabling early detection of diseases and predicting patient outcomes. Additionally, AI-driven robotic surgery and virtual health assistants can improve surgical precision and provide timely medical support. By harnessing the power of AI in healthcare, we can improve patient outcomes, reduce medical errors, and make healthcare more accessible and cost-effective for everyone.

Steven: Another significant benefit of Artificial Intelligence is its potential to optimize transportation systems. AI can enhance traffic management, leading to reduced congestion and improved traffic flow in cities. Autonomous vehicles powered by AI have the potential to increase road safety and reduce accidents caused by human error. Additionally, AI can enable predictive maintenance for public transportation systems, ensuring timely repairs and minimizing service disruptions. AI-powered navigation apps provide real-time traffic updates, optimizing travel routes for users. By leveraging AI in transportation, we can create more efficient and sustainable mobility solutions, easing the burden on existing infrastructure and promoting greener and more accessible transportation options for people worldwide.

TOEFL Writing Practice TestsOnline Discussion Writing Practice Test 20

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in classical music appreciation. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Clark: One controversial topic in classical music appreciation is the debate over historical performance practices. This controversy centers around whether classical music should be performed with instruments and techniques consistent with the era in which the composition was written or if modern interpretations are acceptable. Advocates of historical performance argue that using period instruments and stylistic approaches provides a more authentic representation of the composer’s intentions. On the other hand, proponents of modern interpretations believe that applying contemporary techniques and instruments allows for artistic freedom and innovation. The debate raises questions about the balance between historical accuracy and creative interpretation in preserving and presenting classical music for modern audiences.

Should modern interpretations of classical music be accepted? Why or why not?

Andrew: Modern interpretations of classical music should not be universally accepted. While artistic freedom is essential, straying too far from the composer’s original intentions can compromise the integrity of the music. Classical masterpieces carry historical and cultural significance, and adhering to their intended styles, instruments, and techniques preserves their authenticity. Modern interpretations may dilute the essence of the compositions and misrepresent the composers’ artistic visions. By embracing historical performance practices, we pay homage to the rich tradition of classical music, ensuring its timeless beauty resonates with audiences as intended by the great composers.

Chloe: Modern interpretations of classical music should be embraced as they breathe new life into timeless compositions. Classical music has evolved over centuries, and contemporary approaches allow for creativity and innovation. Embracing modern instruments, technology, and stylistic elements can make classical music more accessible and appealing to diverse audiences. Artistry should not be constrained by historical practices, and each generation of musicians adds its unique perspectives to the music. Modern interpretations maintain the spirit of classical works while inviting fresh interpretations that resonate with modern sensibilities. Embracing innovation fosters the growth of classical music, ensuring its continued relevance and appreciation in today’s dynamic cultural landscape.

While Andrew raises valid concerns about preserving the authenticity of classical music, it’s essential to recognize that artistic interpretation has always been a part of the evolution of this genre. Composers like Bach and Beethoven were known for improvising and adding their own flair to their works. Similarly, modern interpretations can breathe new life into classical compositions, making them relevant to contemporary audiences without compromising their essence.

Consequently, I agree with Chloe’s idea that modern interpretations of classical music should be embraced. As a personal example, I attended a concert where a contemporary pianist performed a famous Chopin piece with a unique blend of classical and jazz elements. The performance brought a fresh perspective to the timeless composition and resonated with the audience, captivating both classical music enthusiasts and those less familiar with the genre. Embracing innovation in classical music ensures its continued appreciation and relevance in today’s diverse and dynamic cultural landscape.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 21

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in social media marketing. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Rodriguez: Influencer marketing involves collaborating with individuals who have a significant following on social media to promote products or services. While many brands find success in influencer partnerships, debates arise over issues like transparency, authenticity, and the potential for deceptive practices. Critics argue that some influencers may not fully disclose sponsored content, leading to a lack of transparency for their audience. Additionally, concerns about the authenticity of recommendations arise, with some influencers endorsing products they may not genuinely use or believe in. Striking the right balance between ethical influencer collaborations and maintaining consumer trust remains a hotly debated topic in the social media marketing industry.

What is the most important contribution that you think influencers make to social media marketing?

Victoria: The most important contribution that influencers make to social media marketing is their ability to build authentic and engaged communities around specific niches. Influencers often have dedicated followings who trust their opinions and recommendations. By leveraging their influence, brands can tap into these niche communities and reach a highly targeted audience that is genuinely interested in their products or services. This level of engagement and authenticity can lead to higher conversion rates and brand loyalty. Additionally, influencers provide a more personal and relatable touch to marketing efforts, fostering a sense of connection with consumers, which traditional advertising methods may struggle to achieve.

Kenneth: Another benefit that influencers bring to social media marketing is their ability to create compelling and engaging content. Influencers are experts at crafting captivating posts that resonate with their followers. They understand the nuances of the platform and know how to use visual elements, storytelling, and relatable language to capture their audience’s attention. This talent for creating authentic and entertaining content is invaluable for brands, as it can help them cut through the noise of social media and stand out in a crowded digital landscape. Leveraging influencers’ content creation skills allows brands to connect with their target audience in a more meaningful and memorable way, driving brand awareness and customer engagement.

TOEFL Writing Practice TestsOnline Discussion Writing Practice Test 22

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in genetics. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Lewis: One controversial topic in genetics is the use of gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, in human embryos and germline cells. While these technologies hold immense promise for treating genetic diseases and improving human health, ethical concerns arise regarding their potential misuse for genetic enhancement or designer babies. The ability to edit the genetic code of embryos raises questions about the long-term consequences and unintended side effects on future generations. Some argue for strict regulations to prevent unethical applications, while others advocate for unrestricted research to harness the full potential of gene editing. Balancing scientific progress with ethical considerations remains a challenging and contentious issue in the field of genetics.

Some say gene editing technologies should not be used for genetic enhancement or designer babies, while others argue that parents should be able to use this technology when they decide to have children. Which opinion do you prefer and why?

George: Parents should be allowed to genetically edit their babies because it offers the potential to prevent hereditary diseases and improve overall health outcomes. Gene editing technologies like CRISPR-Cas9 hold promise in eliminating harmful genetic mutations, reducing the risk of debilitating conditions in newborns. Allowing parents access to such technology empowers them to make informed decisions about their child’s future, promoting reproductive autonomy. Proper regulation and ethical guidelines can ensure responsible use, addressing concerns of misuse. Embracing genetic editing for disease prevention offers the opportunity for healthier and happier lives for future generations, ultimately advancing human health and well-being on a global scale.

Riley: Using gene editing technologies for genetic enhancement or designer babies raises significant ethical concerns. Allowing parents to manipulate the genetic makeup of their children raises questions about the value of diversity and individuality. It may perpetuate societal inequalities by favoring those who can afford such technologies, creating a divide between genetically enhanced and non-enhanced individuals. Additionally, unintended consequences and unforeseen risks may arise from altering human genes, leading to potential harm for future generations. Emphasizing responsible research and focusing on using gene editing to address hereditary diseases, rather than pursuing enhancement, is crucial to uphold ethical standards and ensure that this powerful technology is used for the collective benefit of humanity.

TOEFL Writing Practice TestsOnline Discussion Writing Practice Test 23

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in environmental ethics. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Lee: A controversial topic in environmental ethics is the concept of anthropocentrism versus ecocentrism. Anthropocentrism places human interests and well-being as the central focus, often prioritizing human needs over the environment. It views nature as a resource to be exploited for human benefit. On the other hand, ecocentrism advocates for valuing the intrinsic worth of all living beings and ecosystems, considering the interconnectedness of life. It emphasizes the need to protect and preserve the environment for its own sake, not merely for human utility. This debate raises profound questions about humanity’s relationship with nature and the responsibilities we have towards the natural world.

Do you believe that human interests should be prioritized over the environment? Why are why not?

Aria: Yes, human interests should be prioritized over the environment to a certain extent. While the environment is undoubtedly crucial for our well-being, the survival and thriving of humanity depend on meeting our basic needs and advancing our societies. Responsible environmental stewardship is essential, but we must strike a balance between human needs and environmental protection. By prioritizing human interests, we can address pressing issues such as poverty, healthcare, and education, ensuring a sustainable and equitable future for all. However, this approach should be coupled with a commitment to sustainable practices and environmental conservation to guarantee the well-being of both present and future generations.

Joshua: No, human interests should not be prioritized over the environment. The environment sustains all life on Earth, including humans, and plays a vital role in our well-being and survival. Neglecting the environment can lead to severe consequences such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and environmental degradation, impacting both current and future generations. Focusing solely on short-term human interests without considering the long-term health of the planet can result in irreversible damage to ecosystems and threaten the delicate balance of nature. It is essential to prioritize environmental protection and sustainability to ensure a habitable and healthy planet for all living beings.

Aria’s argument acknowledges the importance of responsible environmental stewardship but suggests prioritizing human interests to meet pressing needs. However, it is essential to recognize that neglecting the environment can have severe consequences for human well-being and survival in the long run.

Joshua’s perspective highlights the vital role the environment plays in sustaining life and emphasizes the need for prioritizing environmental protection. I agree with Joshua’s view, as safeguarding the environment is crucial for ensuring a habitable planet for future generations. As a personal example, I have witnessed the impact of deforestation in my community, leading to soil erosion, reduced biodiversity, and adverse weather patterns. This experience emphasizes the significance of prioritizing the environment to maintain ecological balance and secure a sustainable future for humanity.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 24

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in international business. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Walker: One controversial topic in international business is the issue of outsourcing and offshoring. While these practices can lead to cost savings and increased efficiency for companies, they are often criticized for their impact on local economies and employment. Outsourcing involves hiring external companies to perform specific tasks, sometimes resulting in job losses in the home country. Offshoring involves relocating business operations to other countries, which can lead to the exploitation of cheap labor and disregard for environmental regulations. Critics argue that these practices contribute to income inequality and the erosion of domestic job markets, while proponents maintain that they promote global economic integration and provide access to new markets. Balancing the economic benefits and social implications of outsourcing and offshoring remains a complex and contentious issue in international business.

Is it a good idea for companies to outsource and offshore their business? Why or why not?

Kevin: Yes, it can be a good idea for companies to outsource and offshore their business under certain circumstances. Outsourcing and offshoring can lead to cost savings, increased efficiency, and access to specialized skills or resources not available locally. It can facilitate the expansion of companies into new markets and foster economic growth in developing countries. Additionally, outsourcing allows companies to focus on core competencies and strategic activities. However, careful consideration should be given to potential social and ethical implications, such as job displacement and labor exploitation. Responsible outsourcing and offshoring practices, guided by ethical principles and fair labor standards, can harness the benefits while mitigating the challenges, making it a valuable strategy for companies seeking global competitiveness.

Lily: No, it is not always a good idea for companies to outsource and offshore their business. While these practices can offer cost savings and access to specialized resources, they can also lead to negative consequences. Offshoring may result in job losses and harm local economies in the home country. Additionally, outsourcing to regions with lax labor and environmental regulations can perpetuate exploitation and contribute to unethical practices. It can also lead to a loss of control over quality and intellectual property. Companies must carefully consider the potential social, economic, and ethical impacts before deciding to outsource and offshore their operations.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 25

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in world geography. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Hall: From a world geography perspective, smart cities refer to urban areas that utilize advanced technologies and data-driven solutions to enhance efficiency, sustainability, and the overall quality of life for their inhabitants. These cities integrate various systems, such as transportation, energy, waste management, and public services, to optimize resource use and minimize environmental impact. Geographic factors, such as urban planning, spatial distribution, and infrastructure development, play a crucial role in shaping the implementation of smart city initiatives. Smart cities aim to address global urbanization challenges, create resilient communities, and foster innovation in urban spaces, contributing to a more sustainable and interconnected world.

What will be the most important contribution smart cities will make to our civilization?

Brian: The most important contribution smart cities will make to our civilization is fostering sustainable development. By integrating innovative technologies, data-driven decision-making, and efficient resource management, smart cities can reduce carbon emissions, optimize energy consumption, and promote eco-friendly transportation options. This approach will lead to a more environmentally conscious and resilient urban lifestyle. Smart cities’ commitment to sustainability will not only enhance the well-being of their residents but also set a precedent for other urban areas to follow, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable and livable planet for future generations.

Zoey: Another significant contribution of smart cities to our civilization is the improvement of overall urban livability and quality of life. Through the seamless integration of technology and infrastructure, smart cities can enhance public services, healthcare facilities, and emergency response systems. Advanced transportation networks and real-time data accessibility can reduce traffic congestion and commuting times, leading to increased productivity and reduced stress for residents. Moreover, smart city initiatives often focus on promoting inclusivity and accessibility, ensuring that all citizens can benefit from these advancements. By prioritizing residents’ well-being and convenience, smart cities create more vibrant and cohesive communities.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 26

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in Shakespearean studies. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Allen: The question of whether Shakespeare’s writing should no longer be used is a contentious and multifaceted issue. Shakespeare’s works are considered some of the most significant and influential in English literature and have shaped the course of literary history. They offer valuable insights into human nature, emotion, and societal complexities. However, critics argue that some aspects of Shakespeare’s writing may perpetuate outdated or harmful ideas related to race, gender, and other social issues. They contend that using his works without critical examination might reinforce negative stereotypes or contribute to the marginalization of certain groups.

Some say Shakespeare’s writing should no longer be studied, while others argue that his works should continue to be studied and celebrated. Which opinion do you agree with and why?

Hannah: I agree with the opinion that Shakespeare’s works should continue to be studied and celebrated. Shakespeare’s writing represents a cornerstone of English literature and has contributed significantly to the evolution of dramatic arts. His plays delve into the complexities of human nature, emotions, and societal issues, offering timeless insights that remain relevant today. By studying Shakespeare, we gain a deeper understanding of historical contexts, linguistic richness, and cultural heritage. Moreover, his works provide ample opportunities for critical analysis and contemplation of universal themes. Appreciating and preserving Shakespeare’s literary legacy enriches our collective understanding and appreciation of the arts throughout the ages.

Edward: Shakespeare’s works should no longer be studied and celebrated due to several reasons. His plays and poems reflect a bygone era and perpetuate outdated ideologies, including sexist and racist elements. Continuing to elevate Shakespeare, in my view, as a literary icon may overshadow other diverse voices and contributions in literature. Moreover, dedicating too much attention to his works could limit the exploration of contemporary and culturally relevant pieces. Advocates for this perspective propose emphasizing modern and inclusive literary works, allowing for a more representative and relevant curriculum that addresses current societal concerns and perspectives.

While Edward raises valid concerns about outdated ideologies in Shakespeare’s works, it’s essential to approach them with a critical lens, acknowledging the historical context in which they were written. Shakespeare’s enduring impact on literature and theater cannot be ignored, and studying his works provides valuable insights into human nature and societal complexities. Moreover, the study of Shakespeare does not necessarily preclude the exploration of contemporary and inclusive literature. By striking a balance between traditional and modern works, educators can create a comprehensive curriculum that addresses both historical significance and present-day societal concerns.

Agreeing with Hannah’s point, I believe that studying Shakespeare’s works enriches our understanding of the human experience. For instance, in “Macbeth,” Shakespeare explores the destructive nature of unchecked ambition. This theme remains relevant today as we observe the consequences of ambition and power in contemporary politics and leadership. By critically analyzing his works, we can draw parallels between past and present, fostering a deeper appreciation for the timeless relevance of Shakespeare’s literary legacy.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 27

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in cognitive neuroscience. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Young: Researchers have found that sleep plays a vital role in consolidating and strengthening memories. During specific stages of sleep, the brain processes and stores information acquired during wakefulness, aiding in memory retention and recall. Undergraduate students can investigate how different aspects of sleep, such as sleep duration, sleep quality, and the timing of sleep, impact memory performance. Understanding the importance of sleep in memory consolidation can have implications for optimizing learning strategies and memory enhancement.

Do you believe that having a good night’s sleep will help you perform better as a student? Why or why not?

Ronald: Yes, having a good night’s sleep will undoubtedly help you perform better as a student. Quality sleep is crucial for cognitive functioning, memory consolidation, and learning retention. During sleep, the brain processes and organizes information acquired during the day, enhancing problem-solving abilities and critical thinking skills. Adequate rest promotes alertness, focus, and creativity, which are essential for academic performance. Additionally, a well-rested mind is more receptive to new knowledge and better equipped to handle stress. Making sleep a priority ensures that students can approach their studies with improved concentration, increased productivity, and overall enhanced academic success.

Lillian: No, having a good night’s sleep will not necessarily help you perform better as a student. While sleep is essential for overall health and well-being, academic performance is influenced by a combination of factors, including study habits, motivation, and effective time management. Some individuals might thrive on less sleep and still excel academically due to their personal adaptability and resilience. Moreover, academic success often depends on the individual’s abilities, learning style, and the complexity of the subject matter. While sleep can contribute to optimal functioning, it is not the sole determinant of academic performance.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 28

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in behavioral economics. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Hernandez: One simple, well-known policy in behavioral economics is the concept of “opt-out” vs. “opt-in” defaults in retirement savings plans. Traditional retirement plans require individuals to actively opt-in by signing up to participate. In contrast, behavioral economics suggests using an “opt-out” default, where employees are automatically enrolled in the retirement plan unless they actively choose not to participate.

This policy leverages the behavioral bias of inertia, as people tend to stick with the default option. By making enrollment automatic, more employees end up saving for retirement, improving overall savings rates. This approach has been widely adopted and proven effective in increasing retirement plan participation, highlighting the power of behavioral nudges to drive positive financial behaviors.

What is the most important benefit of employees having an opt-out retirement savings program?

Timothy: The most important benefit of employees having an opt-out retirement savings program is a significant increase in overall retirement plan participation. Behavioral economics has shown that people tend to favor the path of least resistance, leading them to stick with default options. By implementing an opt-out default, employees are automatically enrolled in the retirement plan, removing the inertia and hesitation associated with actively opting in. As a result, a larger number of employees start contributing to their retirement savings, fostering a culture of long-term financial planning and security.

Addison: Beyond higher participation rates, an opt-out retirement savings program also encourages consistent and disciplined saving behavior. Once enrolled, employees are more likely to maintain their contributions over time due to the inertia effect. This regular savings habit can lead to substantial retirement nest eggs, enhancing employees’ financial resilience during their post-working years. It also ensures a smoother transition into retirement, reducing the burden on social welfare systems and promoting individual financial independence.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 29

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in contemporary sociology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor King: A specific example of the controversy surrounding cultural relativism in the United States is the debate over certain cultural practices within some immigrant communities. For instance, there have been discussions about the tradition of arranged marriages in certain cultural groups. Cultural relativism suggests that we should understand and respect this practice within the context of the culture it originates from, recognizing it as a valid expression of their values and norms.

Even though certain aspects of arranged marriages may conflict with principles of individual autonomy and consent, which are highly valued in Western societies, should arranged marriages be accepted cultural practices in the United States?

Aubrey: Arranged marriages should be accepted as cultural practices in the United States, albeit with some caveats. While it is essential to uphold the principles of individual autonomy and consent, we must also recognize the significance of cultural diversity and respect the customs of various immigrant communities. Instead of outright rejection, we can work towards educating individuals about their rights and ensuring they have the freedom to make informed choices within the context of their traditions. By fostering open dialogue and understanding, we can strike a balance between preserving cultural heritage and safeguarding individual liberties.

Jason: I respectfully disagree with the acceptance of arranged marriages in the United States. While cultural diversity is vital, some aspects of arranged marriages can perpetuate inequality and limit personal agency. The emphasis on individual autonomy and consent should not be compromised in the name of cultural relativism. It is crucial to prioritize the protection of fundamental rights and prevent situations where individuals, particularly women, may be coerced into marriages against their will. Society should instead focus on promoting equality and empowering individuals to make their own life choices, regardless of cultural background.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 30

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in philosophy. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Wright: A controversial topic in philosophy is the concept of moral relativism versus moral objectivism. Moral relativism suggests that moral principles and values are not universally fixed but vary depending on cultural, social, or individual perspectives. In this view, what is considered morally right or wrong can differ between societies or even among individuals within the same society. On the other hand, moral objectivism asserts that there are objective moral truths that exist independently of human beliefs or opinions. According to objectivists, certain actions are inherently right or wrong, regardless of cultural context or individual perspectives.

Which view do you feel best fits you: moral relativism or moral objectivism? 

Jeffrey: As a moral relativist, I believe that moral principles are not absolute and fixed, but rather dependent on cultural, societal, and individual perspectives. What is considered morally right or wrong can vary across different cultures and times, and no one moral framework should be imposed universally. This approach promotes cultural understanding and avoids cultural imperialism, respecting the diverse range of ethical beliefs and practices that enrich humanity.

Layla: As a moral objectivist, I hold that certain moral truths exist independently of subjective beliefs. While cultures and individuals may have varying interpretations, some actions are inherently right or wrong based on objective standards. Objectivism provides a foundation for making moral judgments that are not subject to cultural relativism, ensuring consistency and universality in ethical principles. This view guards against the potential for moral chaos and relativism’s inclination to tolerate harmful practices under the guise of cultural sensitivity.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 31

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in English composition. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Lopez: Some professors prefer to use trigger warnings in academic settings and literature. Trigger warnings are brief notices given before course materials or literary works that may contain distressing content. Proponents argue that trigger warnings promote a safe learning environment for students with trauma or sensitivities. Critics worry it may stifle free speech and academic freedom, leading to self-censorship and limited exploration of diverse perspectives. The debate revolves around balancing sensitivity and inclusivity with academic rigor, addressing how to respect students’ emotional well-being while upholding critical thinking and intellectual growth.

What value do you think trigger warnings bring to a composition classroom?

Ryan: In my view, trigger warnings in a composition classroom bring negative value by fostering an environment of overprotection and coddling. College is a place for intellectual growth and challenging ideas, but trigger warnings shield students from discomfort and shield them from exposure to diverse perspectives. This can lead to echo chambers where students only encounter ideas that align with their pre-existing beliefs, limiting their ability to engage critically with differing viewpoints. Instead of nurturing resilience and open-mindedness, trigger warnings encourage avoidance of discomfort, which is counterproductive to the learning process.

Natalie: I agree with Ryan, and I also believe that trigger warnings may lead to self-censorship among instructors and students. Professors might avoid teaching certain texts or topics altogether, fearing potential backlash or emotional distress. This results in a watered-down curriculum that omits essential discussions on complex and controversial issues. Furthermore, students might hesitate to express their authentic opinions or explore challenging subjects in their writing, fearing negative reactions from peers or faculty. As a result, intellectual growth is hindered, and academic freedom takes a hit.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 32

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in applied linguistics. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Hill: One controversial topic in applied linguistics is the question of language standardization and linguistic prescriptivism. Language standardization involves creating a set of rules and conventions to govern a language’s usage, often used in education, media, and official documentation. However, linguistic prescriptivism can be criticized for imposing a “correct” form of language and dismissing natural variations, leading to linguistic discrimination and marginalization of certain dialects or languages. This debate revolves around issues of linguistic diversity, cultural identity, and power dynamics. Some argue for a more descriptive approach, acknowledging the legitimacy of all language varieties, while others advocate for standardization to maintain linguistic clarity and unity in communication.

In the first paragraph, in about 100 words, Brooklyn will answer yes to the question. In the second paragraph, Gary will acknowledge Brooklyn’s idea and then in about 100 words refute her argument.  Finally, in the third paragraph, I will acknowledge Brooklyn’s ideas and then refute her. In addition, I will agree with Gary and add to his idea by providing a personal experience as supporting evidence. Here is the question everyone will answer:

Do you believe that a country should officially recognize a standard form of its language?

Brooklyn: Yes, I believe a country should officially recognize a standard form of its language. Standardization provides a common foundation for communication, promoting national unity and understanding among citizens. Having a recognized language standard aids in education, administration, and cultural preservation. It also facilitates international communication, trade, and diplomacy. While we should respect linguistic diversity, a standardized language ensures clarity and prevents misunderstandings in vital sectors.

Gary: I understand Brooklyn’s point, and a standardized language does have its merits. However, I disagree that it should be the sole officially recognized form. Imposing linguistic prescriptivism can lead to marginalization of other linguistic varieties and hinder cultural expression. Embracing linguistic diversity is essential for a country’s identity and inclusivity. A more inclusive approach could involve recognizing multiple standard forms or adopting a descriptive stance that respects various linguistic expressions while promoting understanding between communities.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 33

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in quantum mechanics. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Scott: A practical realization of quantum mechanics is the development and implementation of quantum computing. Quantum computing harnesses the unique principles of quantum mechanics, such as superposition and entanglement, to perform computations that are exponentially faster than classical computers for specific tasks. In a quantum computer, data is represented using quantum bits or qubits. Unlike classical bits, which can be either 0 or 1, qubits can exist in a superposition of both states simultaneously, allowing for parallel processing of information. Additionally, qubits can be entangled, meaning that the state of one qubit is directly related to the state of another, even if they are physically separated. By leveraging these quantum properties, quantum computers have the potential to revolutionize fields like cryptography, optimization, and drug discovery, tackling complex problems that are practically infeasible for classical computers. However, building and maintaining stable quantum systems pose significant challenges due to the delicate nature of quantum states, making practical quantum computing a cutting-edge area of research and development.

In your opinion, what is the most important contribution of quantum computing?

Jacob: One crucial contribution of quantum mechanics is the understanding of electron behavior in semiconductors. The band theory, a cornerstone of condensed matter physics, explains how electrons form energy bands within a material. At absolute zero temperature, electrons occupy the lowest energy levels, creating a valence band, while higher energy levels remain unoccupied, forming a conduction band. The energy gap between these bands determines a material’s conductivity. By manipulating electron behavior through doping or external stimuli, scientists developed semiconductor devices like transistors and diodes, leading to the revolution of modern electronics and computing.

Savannah: Building upon Jacob’s insights, another key contribution of quantum mechanics lies in its application to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology. Quantum mechanics elucidated the principles behind nuclear spins in atoms, which underlie MRI’s functioning. When a patient is exposed to a strong magnetic field and radio waves, certain atomic nuclei align with the magnetic field and then perturb when subjected to the radio waves. This behavior reveals precise spatial information of the body’s internal structures. MRI has revolutionized medical diagnostics, providing non-invasive and detailed images without harmful ionizing radiation, making it a vital tool in healthcare.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 34

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in human resource management.  Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Green: One controversial topic in human resource management is the use of pre-employment assessments, particularly personality tests, during the hiring process. While proponents argue that these assessments help identify candidates with the right fit for the company culture and job requirements, critics raise concerns about their reliability, potential bias, and invasion of privacy. Some question the validity of such tests in predicting job performance, as they may not capture the full complexity of an individual’s capabilities. Additionally, there are worries about how these assessments might disproportionately impact certain groups, leading to discrimination and unfair hiring practices. Striking a balance between effectively assessing candidates and safeguarding their rights remains a challenging and debated aspect in HR management.

Some believe that personality tests help companies choose employees who have the right fit. Others argue that personality tests should not be used during the hiring process since they can be discriminatory and biased. Which opinion do you agree with and why?

Nicholas: Personality tests should not be used in hiring decisions because they are often unreliable and lack scientific validity. These tests oversimplify complex human characteristics, reducing individuals to rigid categories that may not accurately represent their true abilities and potential. Furthermore, they can perpetuate stereotypes and biases, leading to discriminatory hiring practices. Personal traits do not always determine job performance, and relying on these tests can exclude qualified candidates who may possess diverse skills and experiences. Instead, HR managers should focus on comprehensive assessments that evaluate specific job-related skills and qualifications to ensure fair and effective hiring practices.

Audrey: While I understand Nicholas’s concerns, personality tests can still be useful for companies. When used as part of a holistic evaluation process, these tests can provide valuable insights into a candidate’s behavioral tendencies and potential cultural fit within the organization. They serve as conversation starters during interviews and can help identify strengths and areas for development. Moreover, certain roles require specific personality traits, such as customer-facing positions needing strong interpersonal skills. The key is to combine personality tests with other assessments and data points to form a more comprehensive picture, ensuring fair treatment and informed hiring decisions.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 35

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in accounting. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Adams: One controversial topic in accounting is the use of fair value accounting, particularly in relation to financial instruments and assets. Fair value accounting measures these items at their current market value, aiming to provide a more accurate representation of their worth. However, critics argue that fair value accounting can lead to increased volatility in financial statements, especially during times of market instability. They believe that historical cost accounting, which records assets at their original purchase price, provides a more stable and reliable representation of a company’s financial position. Striking a balance between fair value accounting’s relevance and the potential impact on financial stability remains a subject of ongoing debate within the accounting profession.

Do you believe that historical cost accounting should be used to more accurately represent the wealth of companies?

Eric: Yes, historical cost accounting should be used to more accurately represent the wealth of companies. It provides a reliable and verifiable record of past transactions, which is essential for financial reporting and decision-making. By recording assets at their original cost, historical cost accounting reduces subjectivity and potential manipulation of financial data. It also offers a clear audit trail, ensuring transparency and accountability.

Leah: No, I believe historical cost accounting may not be the best method to represent a company’s wealth accurately. In a dynamic business environment, asset values change over time, and historical cost accounting fails to capture these fluctuations. Fair value accounting, on the other hand, provides a real-time reflection of the current market worth of assets, allowing stakeholders to make more informed decisions. While historical cost accounting may offer stability, it can lead to an inaccurate picture of a company’s true financial position.

TOEFL Writing Practice TestsOnline Discussion Writing Practice Test 36

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in American government. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Baker: The American Government system is a complex structure designed to uphold democracy and balance power among three branches: the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches. The President, representing the Executive branch, serves as the head of state and government. The Legislative branch, composed of the Senate and House of Representatives, creates and passes laws. The Judicial branch, led by the Supreme Court, interprets laws and ensures their constitutionality. This system promotes checks and balances, preventing any one branch from becoming too powerful. Additionally, the Constitution serves as the foundation, outlining citizens’ rights and freedoms. Understanding this system is crucial for college students to actively participate in civic life and make informed decisions as future citizens.

In about 100 words, Larry will explain a contribution. In another 100 words, Stella will give another contribution. Finally, in about 150 words, I will add to the previous paragraphs by explaining a final contribution using a personal example as supporting evidence. All three paragraphs will answer the following question:

In your view, what is the most important contribution that a government should contribute to its citizens?

Larry: In my view, the most important contribution a government should provide to its citizens is a robust and accessible education system. Education empowers individuals, fostering critical thinking, knowledge, and skills necessary for personal growth and meaningful contributions to society. By investing in education, governments can reduce inequality and create opportunities for socio-economic advancement, enabling citizens to lead fulfilling lives and participate in the nation’s progress.

Stella: While I agree with Larry, I believe another critical contribution a government should prioritize is ensuring accessible and affordable healthcare for all citizens. A comprehensive healthcare system not only promotes a healthier population but also safeguards against financial hardships caused by medical emergencies. By providing healthcare as a fundamental right, governments can enhance citizens’ well-being, productivity, and overall quality of life, fostering a more equitable society.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 37

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in data science. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Gonzalez: Data science is an interdisciplinary field that utilizes scientific methods, algorithms, and processes to extract valuable insights and knowledge from large and complex datasets. Its most important contributions lie in revolutionizing decision-making across various industries. By applying advanced statistical and machine learning techniques, data scientists can uncover patterns, trends, and correlations within data, aiding businesses in making informed choices. Data science has also enabled personalized services and recommendations, enhancing user experiences in areas like e-commerce and content delivery. Additionally, it plays a critical role in predictive modeling, fraud detection, and risk assessment, bolstering efficiency and accuracy in finance, healthcare, and cybersecurity domains.

What is data science’s most important contribution to society?

Ellie: Data science’s most important contribution to society is its role in improving healthcare outcomes. By analyzing vast amounts of medical data, data scientists can identify patterns and correlations that help predict and prevent diseases. Machine learning algorithms assist in diagnosing conditions more accurately and in early stages. Furthermore, data-driven research facilitates drug development, personalized treatments, and the identification of risk factors. These advancements have the potential to revolutionize healthcare, saving lives, and reducing healthcare costs.

Frank: In addition to healthcare, data science’s significant contribution lies in optimizing business operations. Through data analysis and predictive modeling, companies can gain insights into consumer behavior, enabling them to develop targeted marketing strategies and improve customer satisfaction. Data science also enhances supply chain management by optimizing inventory levels and predicting demand patterns, leading to cost savings and more efficient logistics. Businesses can make data-driven decisions, enhancing productivity, and gaining a competitive edge in the market.

• Read a model response of how you could effectively reply to this TOEFL Writing Task 2.

TOEFL Writing Practice TestsOnline Discussion Writing Practice Test 38

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in microbiology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Nelson: Another controversial topic in microbiology is the use of antimicrobial agents, particularly antibiotics. While antibiotics have been revolutionary in treating bacterial infections and saving countless lives, their overuse and misuse have led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This poses a significant public health concern as infections that were once easily treatable become more challenging to manage. The ongoing debate centers on finding ways to balance the need for effective treatment of infections while minimizing the development of antibiotic resistance. This involves promoting appropriate antibiotic prescribing practices in healthcare settings, advocating for responsible use in agriculture, and exploring alternative approaches to combat bacterial infections, such as phage therapy and new antimicrobial compounds. Addressing this issue requires a collaborative effort from healthcare professionals, researchers, policymakers, and the public to ensure the continued effectiveness of antibiotics in the face of evolving microbial threats.

Since antibiotics can lead to antibiotic-resistant bacteria, some medical professionals say they should be banned. Do you agree with this proposition?

Scott: Yes, antibiotics shouldn’t be banned outright, but their use must be more judicious and regulated. While they can lead to antibiotic-resistant bacteria, they also save countless lives and are vital for treating severe infections.

Skylar: No, antibiotics should be banned completely. Their widespread use has contributed to the emergence of superbugs, endangering public health and rendering current treatments ineffective. We need to explore alternative therapies and focus on prevention rather than relying on antibiotics.

TOEFL Writing Practice TestsOnline Discussion Writing Practice Test 39

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in urban planning. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Carter: Gentrification refers to the process of wealthier individuals or businesses moving into a low-income neighborhood, often leading to rising property values, increased rent, and displacement of long-time residents and small businesses. While some argue that gentrification can revitalize neglected areas, stimulate economic growth, and improve living conditions, critics highlight the social and cultural disruptions it brings, such as the loss of community identity and the widening wealth gap. Balancing urban renewal and preservation of a neighborhood’s character poses significant challenges for policymakers and urban planners.

In about 100 words, have Brnadon prefer the first position. In another 100 words, Samantha prefers to second position. Acknowledge and refute Samantha’s ideas briefly and then explain why I agree with Brandon in about 150 words using a personal experience example as supporting evidence. All the paragraphs should focus on the following question:

Some say wealthy people and businesses should be allowed to move into low-income neighborhoods, whereas others object to this urban planning phenomenon. Which position do you prefer and why? 

Brandon: I prefer the position that supports allowing wealthy people and businesses to move into low-income neighborhoods. This urban planning phenomenon can bring much-needed investments, better infrastructure, and improved services to neglected areas, ultimately benefiting the entire community.

Samantha: I prefer the position objecting to this phenomenon. Gentrification often leads to the displacement of longtime residents and small businesses, causing social and economic inequalities. It can erase the unique cultural fabric of a neighborhood and cater only to the interests of the affluent, exacerbating the wealth gap.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 40

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class on environmental policy. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Mitchell: Environmental policy refers to the set of laws, regulations, and actions aimed at addressing environmental challenges and promoting sustainable practices. Over the years, it has achieved significant milestones in safeguarding the planet’s health. Key accomplishments include the establishment of the Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act, which improved air and water quality, reducing pollution and enhancing public health. Additionally, international agreements like the Paris Agreement have united nations to combat climate change and limit global warming. Environmental policy has also led to the conservation of endangered species through initiatives like the Endangered Species Act. These achievements collectively signify a global commitment to preserving our environment for future generations.

What is the most contribution that environmental policy has given to society?

Benjamin: One of the crucial contributions of environmental policy is the establishment of landmark legislation to improve air and water quality. The Clean Air Act, implemented in various countries, has significantly reduced air pollution by setting emission standards for industries and vehicles. This has led to improved respiratory health and reduced instances of smog and acid rain. Similarly, the Clean Water Act has played a pivotal role in safeguarding water bodies from contamination by regulating discharges into rivers, lakes, and oceans. As a result, many waterways have seen remarkable improvements in water quality, benefiting aquatic ecosystems and ensuring safe drinking water for communities.

Violet: Another essential contribution of environmental policy lies in the promotion of renewable energy and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Governments worldwide have introduced incentives and targets to encourage the adoption of clean energy sources like solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. These measures have accelerated the transition from fossil fuels, mitigating the impacts of climate change. Renewable energy initiatives have not only reduced carbon emissions but have also driven innovation and job creation in the green energy sector, fostering sustainable economic growth.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 41

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in global health. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Perez: A specific and focused controversy in global health is the practice of infant male circumcision. This topic has sparked heated debates over cultural, religious, medical, and ethical aspects. Supporters argue that circumcision offers health benefits, such as reducing the risk of urinary tract infections, sexually transmitted infections, and penile cancer. They also cite religious or cultural traditions as reasons for performing the procedure. On the other hand, opponents question the necessity of routine circumcision, as the health benefits are considered relatively small compared to other preventive measures. They advocate for individual autonomy, arguing that the decision should be left to the individual once they reach an age where they can provide informed consent. Critics also raise concerns about pain and potential complications associated with the procedure.

Some suggest that male infant circumcision should be banned. Do you agree or disagree?

Samuel: Male infant circumcision should not be banned. The practice can have health benefits, such as reducing the risk of certain infections and conditions. Parents should have the right to make informed decisions about their child’s health and cultural traditions, as long as it is done in a safe and medically appropriate manner.

Bella:  Male infant circumcision should be banned inasmuch as it is an unnecessary procedure with potential risks, and that it violates a child’s bodily autonomy and right to make decisions about their own body. Bella emphasizes that medical decisions should be made when the individual can provide informed consent, rather than being imposed by parents or cultural norms.

Bella’s concerns about male infant circumcision are valid. The procedure does involve potential risks and raises ethical questions about bodily autonomy. Banning circumcision, however, might not be the ideal solution. Samuel’s point about health benefits and parental rights is also noteworthy. Striking a balance is essential, ensuring that circumcision is performed under proper medical supervision and with informed consent from parents. Additionally, raising awareness about the procedure’s pros and cons can help parents make better-informed decisions.

I agree with Samuel’s stance on male infant circumcision. In my personal experience, my friend’s son had to undergo circumcision due to recurring urinary tract infections that were causing significant discomfort and potential long-term health risks. The procedure was carefully explained to the parents, and they consented after considering the medical advice and benefits involved. In this case, circumcision improved the child’s health and well-being, highlighting that it can be a medically necessary option when approached responsibly.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 42

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in media studies. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Roberts: Media studies have made valuable contributions to society by fostering critical thinking and media literacy. Through research and analysis, media studies have shed light on the impact of media on individuals and communities, enabling people to better understand media messages and their underlying motives. This increased awareness helps in resisting misinformation, propaganda, and harmful stereotypes. Additionally, media studies have influenced media production, leading to more responsible and inclusive content. By examining media’s social, political, and cultural dimensions, this field has enriched public discourse, enabling a more informed and engaged citizenry, ultimately contributing to a more media-savvy and democratic society.

In your view, what is the most important contribution of social media to civilization?

Aurora: In my view, the most important contribution of social media to civilization is its role in promoting global connectivity and facilitating communication across borders. Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have bridged geographical gaps, allowing people from different cultures and nations to interact, share ideas, and form online communities. This interconnectedness has fostered cross-cultural understanding, awareness of global issues, and solidarity during times of crises. Social media has empowered individuals to have a voice on international matters and participate in discussions that shape our shared future.

Patrick: I believe that one significant contribution of social media to civilization is its impact on social activism and political mobilization. Social media platforms provide a powerful tool for organizing and mobilizing communities around social and political causes. Movements like #BlackLivesMatter, #MeToo, and various climate change campaigns have gained immense momentum and global attention through social media. The ability to disseminate information quickly, engage a wide audience, and facilitate real-time communication has transformed the way social and political issues are addressed, challenging traditional power structures and advocating for positive change.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 43

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in public speaking. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Turner: Public speaking, from an academic perspective, is the art and skill of delivering structured and persuasive presentations to inform, educate, or entertain a live audience. It involves careful preparation, organization of ideas, and effective delivery techniques to engage and influence listeners. Academic public speaking focuses on communicating research findings, sharing knowledge, and participating in scholarly discussions. It plays a crucial role in various academic contexts, such as conference presentations, classroom lectures, and research defense. Effective public speaking in academia enhances knowledge dissemination, fosters critical thinking, and contributes to the overall learning experience, empowering scholars to communicate their research effectively and contribute meaningfully to their fields.

What is the most contribution that public speaking has made to society?

Gregory: Public speaking’s most significant contribution to society lies in its ability to inspire, motivate, and drive positive change. Effective public speakers have the power to rally people around a shared vision, whether in politics, social movements, or philanthropy. Through persuasive communication, public speakers can raise awareness about critical issues, mobilize communities, and advocate for solutions to societal challenges. Public speaking has played a pivotal role in historical events, from inspiring civil rights movements to shaping public policies. It fosters a sense of unity and empowerment, encouraging individuals to actively engage in democratic processes and contribute meaningfully to their communities.

Claire: The most substantial contribution of public speaking to society is its role in education and knowledge dissemination. It serves as a medium for experts, researchers, and educators to communicate complex ideas and research findings to broader audiences. In academic settings, public speakers share insights, advancements, and critical discoveries, fostering intellectual growth and inspiring new generations of scholars. Beyond academia, public speakers contribute to lifelong learning by providing workshops, seminars, and TED talks that inform and enrich people’s lives. Public speaking cultivates a culture of continuous learning and curiosity, empowering individuals with information and insights that drive personal and societal growth.

TOEFL Writing Practice TestsOnline Discussion Writing Practice Test 44

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in criminal justice. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Phillips: A controversial topic in criminal justice is the use of the death penalty. The debate centers around the ethical and moral implications of state-sanctioned execution as a punishment for heinous crimes. Advocates argue that the death penalty serves as a deterrent and provides a sense of justice for victims’ families. On the other hand, opponents question its efficacy as a deterrent, highlight the risk of executing innocent individuals, and argue that it violates human rights. This contentious issue continues to spark heated discussions worldwide, with some countries abolishing the death penalty, while others retain or reintroduce it.

Some want to keep the death penalty, while others want to abolish this form of criminal punishment. Which do you prefer?

Tyler: I support the death penalty, as I believe it serves as a strong deterrent and ensures justice for victims and their families. The severity of capital punishment sends a clear message that certain crimes will not be tolerated, potentially dissuading potential offenders. Additionally, I feel that some crimes are so heinous that they warrant the most severe punishment available, providing closure to the victims’ loved ones.

Lucy: I oppose the death penalty, primarily due to its irreversibility and the risk of executing innocent individuals. The justice system is not infallible, and the possibility of wrongful convictions is too great to ignore. I advocate for rehabilitation and restorative justice as more humane and just alternatives to capital punishment.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 45

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in international law. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Campbell: Universal jurisdiction refers to the legal principle that allows states or international organizations to claim jurisdiction and prosecute individuals for certain grave international crimes, even if the crimes were committed outside their territory and the accused is not a national of that state. Universal jurisdiction is often invoked in cases involving international crimes such as genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and torture. Supporters argue that it is a necessary tool to ensure accountability for heinous crimes, especially when the state where the crimes occurred is unwilling or unable to prosecute the perpetrators. They believe that justice should not be limited by borders. However, critics of universal jurisdiction raise concerns about potential abuse and misuse of this principle. They argue that it could be used for political purposes or as a means of exerting power over other countries. Additionally, there are concerns about conflicting interpretations of international law among different jurisdictions, leading to potential double jeopardy for the accused.

Countries should be allowed to use universal jurisdiction to prosecute individuals from grave crimes even if they live outside of the country’s territory. Do you agree or disagree?

Anna: Yes, I agree that countries should be allowed to use universal jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for grave crimes even if they live outside the country’s territory. Universal jurisdiction serves as an essential tool to hold perpetrators accountable for heinous acts, ensuring justice prevails regardless of where the crimes occurred. It enables states to fulfill their duty to protect humanity and uphold the principles of international law. Furthermore, in cases where the country where the crimes took place is unable or unwilling to prosecute, universal jurisdiction becomes a crucial means to deliver justice for the victims.

Alexander: No, I disagree with the idea of universal jurisdiction. While the pursuit of justice is admirable, allowing countries to prosecute individuals from crimes committed outside their territory raises significant concerns. It can lead to politicization of legal proceedings, and different jurisdictions may interpret international law inconsistently. This could result in potential abuses and undermine the principles of fairness and sovereignty among nations. Instead, international cooperation and the strengthening of international courts should be prioritized to ensure consistent and fair handling of grave crimes.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 46

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in film production. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Parker: Film production is the process of creating a motion picture from conception to completion. It involves a series of stages, starting with pre-production, where the script is developed, budgets are planned, and the cast and crew are assembled. The production phase encompasses actual shooting, where cameras capture scenes and actors perform their roles. Post-production follows, involving editing, adding visual effects, and sound design to create the final product. Film production requires collaboration, creativity, and technical expertise to bring stories to life on the screen, resulting in a finished film ready for distribution and audience enjoyment.

What in your view is the most important contribution that movies have given to society?

Dennis: Movies have had a profound impact on my life by providing a means of escape and entertainment. They transport me to different worlds, evoke emotions, and inspire new perspectives. Through diverse characters and captivating narratives, movies have broadened my understanding of humanity and cultures. They have fueled my creativity and imagination, influencing my artistic endeavors. Moreover, films serve as a shared experience, fostering connections with others through discussions and shared enjoyment. Overall, movies have enriched my life, offering an outlet for emotions and a source of inspiration that continuously shapes my personal growth.

Maya: Another significant contribution of movies lies in their ability to raise awareness and promote social change. They serve as powerful tools for addressing important issues and initiating meaningful conversations. Thought-provoking documentaries expose injustices and inspire activism, shedding light on neglected topics. Narrative films tackle social, political, and environmental challenges, sparking empathy and understanding among audiences. By depicting diverse perspectives and experiences, movies encourage empathy and bridge cultural divides. They challenge societal norms and stereotypes, advocating for inclusivity and equality. Through their influence on public opinion and policy, movies play a crucial role in shaping a more informed, compassionate, and just society.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 47

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in cellular biology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Evans: Cellular biology is the study of the basic unit of life – the cell. It delves into the structure, function, and processes within cells that are essential for the functioning of living organisms. The main focus lies in understanding cell components such as the cell membrane, organelles, and genetic material like DNA and RNA. Cellular biology explores vital processes like cell division, metabolism, and signaling that regulate cellular activities. It plays a fundamental role in understanding the complexities of life, disease mechanisms, and advancing medical research and biotechnology. Ultimately, cellular biology is central to unraveling the mysteries of life at its most fundamental level.

A branch of cellular biology is gene editing technology. How do you think gene editing technology will impact our society?

Mila: One positive contribution of gene editing technology, such as CRISPR-Cas9, is its potential to treat genetic diseases. By precisely targeting and correcting or replacing faulty genes responsible for certain inherited disorders, this technology offers hope for previously incurable conditions. It could provide personalized and more effective treatments, improving the quality of life for individuals and families affected by genetic ailments. Additionally, gene editing has shown promise in developing therapies for cancer and other complex diseases, revolutionizing the medical field and opening new avenues for innovative and targeted treatments.

Jeremy: A possible negative aspect of gene editing technology is the risk of unintended consequences, like off-target mutations, leading to unpredictable and harmful genetic changes. Additionally, using gene editing in human embryos raises ethical concerns about heritable modifications and the potential for creating genetically modified humans, presenting complex ethical dilemmas. Careful consideration of the technology’s risks and ethical implications is crucial for responsible application.

TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 48

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in finance. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Edwards: One controversial topic in finance is the use of high-frequency trading (HFT) in financial markets. HFT involves using powerful computers and algorithms to execute a large number of trades in milliseconds, taking advantage of small price discrepancies. Proponents argue that HFT increases market efficiency and liquidity, benefiting investors. However, critics raise concerns about its potential to create market instability, favor large institutional traders, and lead to unfair advantages. Some argue that HFT may exacerbate market volatility and contribute to flash crashes. The debate surrounding HFT centers on its impact on market fairness, transparency, and overall stability.

In paragraph one in about 100 words, Johnathan will prefer the use of HFT’s. Then Paisley in 100 words will oppose them in paragraph two. Finally, in paragraph 3, I will recognize and then refute Paisley’s ideas in about 150 words by using a personal experience example as supporting evidence. Use the first person point of view in all three paragraphs.

Some financial analysts advocate for the use of HFT in financial markets. Others, in contrast, oppose using powerful computers for trading. Which version do you prefer and why?

Johathan: I prefer the use of high-frequency trading (HFT) in financial markets for its potential to enhance market efficiency and liquidity. HFT’s ability to execute trades in milliseconds allows for quick reactions to market changes, reducing bid-ask spreads and ensuring faster execution for investors. Moreover, the increased trading activity can provide more accurate price discovery, benefiting all market participants. HFT’s proponents argue that it fosters healthy competition, leading to improved market quality and better investment opportunities. As a financial analyst, I believe that embracing technological advancements like HFT can lead to more robust and dynamic financial markets, ultimately benefiting both traders and investors.

Paisley: On the other hand, I oppose the use of high-frequency trading in financial markets due to its potential risks and market distortions. HFT’s lightning-fast trades can create extreme market volatility, leading to flash crashes and exacerbating systemic risks. It also raises concerns about market fairness, as large institutions with sophisticated algorithms may gain an unfair advantage over individual investors. The inherent complexity of HFT algorithms can be hard to regulate effectively, increasing the likelihood of unintended consequences. As a financial analyst, I advocate for a more cautious approach, prioritizing market stability, transparency, and equitable opportunities for all market participants.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 49

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in ancient civilizations. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Collins: One controversial topic in ancient civilizations is the question of how advanced and sophisticated these ancient societies truly were. Some scholars argue that ancient civilizations, such as the Egyptians, Greeks, or Mayans, possessed advanced knowledge and technologies beyond what was previously believed. They point to impressive architectural achievements, sophisticated mathematical systems, and advanced astronomical knowledge as evidence of a high level of civilization. On the other hand, some researchers contend that attributing these accomplishments to advanced technologies undermines the ingenuity and skills of ancient peoples. They suggest that these achievements were the result of hard work, dedication, and ingenuity within the context of their time, rather than advanced technologies. The debate around the true extent of ancient civilizations’ capabilities continues to spark discussions and research in archaeology and history.

Do you believe that these ancient civilizations possessed advanced knowledge and technology?

In paragraph one in about 100 words, Jessie will answer yes. Then Everly in 100 words will answer no. Finally, in paragraph 3, I will recognize and then refute Jesse’s ideas in about 150 words by using a personal experience example as supporting evidence. I will also agree with Everly’s ideas. Use the first-person point of view in all three paragraphs. All three paragraphs should be focused on the following writing prompt:

Jesse: Yes, I firmly believe that ancient civilizations possessed advanced knowledge and technology. The remarkable architectural achievements of the Egyptians, Greeks, and other ancient cultures, like the Great Pyramids or Parthenon, demonstrate a high level of engineering and mathematical understanding. Additionally, their ability to navigate and build sophisticated observatories indicates advanced astronomical knowledge. These accomplishments showcase the ingenuity and expertise of ancient peoples, suggesting that they were much more advanced and sophisticated than previously thought.

Everly: On the contrary, I do not believe that ancient civilizations possessed advanced knowledge and technology. While their achievements were impressive for their time, attributing them to advanced technologies undermines the ingenuity and skills of ancient peoples. Their accomplishments were the result of hard work, dedication, and resourcefulness within the context of their era. Assuming they had advanced technology dismisses their remarkable achievements and the unique contributions they made to science, architecture, and culture.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 50

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in social psychology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Stewart: One well-known innovation in social psychology is the concept of cognitive dissonance, introduced by psychologist Leon Festinger in the 1950s. Cognitive dissonance refers to the discomfort experienced when individuals hold conflicting beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors. Festinger’s theory suggests that to reduce this psychological discomfort, people tend to modify their beliefs or behaviors to align with each other or seek new information that supports their existing beliefs. This concept has had a significant impact on understanding human decision-making, persuasion, and attitude change. It continues to be a fundamental principle in social psychology and has been widely studied and applied in various fields, including marketing, communication, and conflict resolution.

What is the most important contribution that the concept of cognitive dissonance has made to our society?

Lance: One crucial contribution of the concept of cognitive dissonance is its impact on understanding human behavior and decision-making processes. As humans, we strive for consistency in our beliefs, attitudes, and actions. Cognitive dissonance theory sheds light on the discomfort we experience when our beliefs conflict with our actions, motivating us to reconcile these inconsistencies. This knowledge has been instrumental in explaining why people may change their attitudes or beliefs to align with their behaviors, even if it goes against their original convictions. Understanding cognitive dissonance has significant implications in fields like marketing and persuasion, where it helps shape strategies to influence consumer behavior and attitude change.

Nova: Another significant contribution of cognitive dissonance lies in its role in promoting critical thinking and self-awareness. By acknowledging the discomfort that arises from conflicting beliefs, individuals are encouraged to question their assumptions and engage in introspection. Cognitive dissonance theory fosters a process of self-examination, leading to greater self-awareness and a deeper understanding of one’s attitudes and values. This heightened awareness empowers individuals to make more informed and consistent decisions, enhancing their ability to engage in constructive dialogue and resolve internal conflicts. Cognitive dissonance encourages personal growth and introspection, contributing to a more thoughtful and self-aware society.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 51

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in entrepreneurship. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Sanchez: Entrepreneurship is the process of creating, developing, and managing a new business or venture. It involves identifying innovative opportunities, taking calculated risks, and mobilizing resources to turn ideas into viable and profitable enterprises. Entrepreneurs play a vital role in driving economic growth and job creation by bringing new products, services, and solutions to the market. They exhibit qualities like creativity, resilience, and adaptability, as they navigate the challenges of uncertainty and competition. Entrepreneurship fosters innovation, drives social change, and empowers individuals to pursue their passions and make a meaningful impact on society.

What is the most important contribution of entrepreneurship to our society?

Liam: One of the most important contributions of entrepreneurship to our society is its role in driving innovation and technological advancements. Entrepreneurs often identify unmet needs or gaps in the market, leading to the creation of innovative products and services. Their willingness to take risks and challenge the status quo fosters a culture of continuous improvement and pushes society forward. Whether it’s groundbreaking technologies, sustainable solutions, or disruptive business models, entrepreneurship fuels progress and shapes the future.

G enesis: Another significant contribution of entrepreneurship is its impact on job creation and economic growth. As entrepreneurs establish and expand their ventures, they create job opportunities and stimulate economic activity in their communities. Small and medium-sized enterprises, often founded by entrepreneurs, play a vital role in job generation globally. This not only improves the livelihoods of individuals and families but also contributes to the overall economic development of regions and countries. The entrepreneurial spirit drives innovation and productivity, leading to a more dynamic and prosperous society.

I acknowledge Liam and Genesis’s insights into the essential contributions of entrepreneurship. From my personal experience, I have witnessed another critical contribution of entrepreneurship: the fostering of a culture of resilience and empowerment. When I started my small business, I faced numerous challenges and setbacks. However, the entrepreneurial journey taught me to persevere, adapt, and learn from failures. This resilience extends beyond individual experiences; it encourages others to take initiative, pursue their passions, and believe in their potential to make a difference. Entrepreneurship instills a sense of agency, empowering individuals to create their paths and contribute to societal progress. In this way, the most important contribution of entrepreneurship lies not only in tangible economic and technological advancements but also in the intangible impact it has on fostering a resilient and empowered society.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 52

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in astronomy. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Morris: The search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) is another controversial topic in astronomy. It involves actively seeking signs of intelligent life beyond Earth, often by scanning the skies for signals or other indications of technological civilizations. While some scientists believe in the potential for contact and invest resources in SETI projects, others are skeptical, citing the vast distances and the lack of definitive evidence. The debate centers around the feasibility of detecting alien civilizations, the interpretation of potential signals, and the implications of such a discovery for humanity’s place in the universe.

Some believe that governments should invest money in SETI, while others think that they money could be best spent elsewhere. Which opinion do you support?

Noah: I firmly believe that governments should invest in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). The potential discovery of intelligent life beyond Earth is a monumental achievement that could reshape our understanding of the cosmos and our place in it. By allocating resources to SETI, we demonstrate our commitment to advancing science and expanding our horizons. The knowledge gained from detecting even a faint signal could propel technological innovation and foster international collaboration. In a universe as vast as ours, the pursuit of answering one of humanity’s most profound questions is a worthy investment that could yield invaluable insights.

Emilia: I respectfully disagree with the idea of investing in SETI. While the prospect of discovering extraterrestrial life is exciting, the sheer uncertainty of success makes it a risky allocation of funds. Our own planet faces pressing challenges, from climate change to poverty and healthcare disparities. These issues demand immediate attention and resources. It’s crucial to prioritize solutions that directly benefit humanity. The money invested in SETI could instead be directed towards addressing these urgent problems, where tangible impacts can be made. Until concrete evidence of intelligent life surfaces, it seems prudent to allocate resources to challenges that we know exist.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 53

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in the sociology of race and ethnicity. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Rogers: Cultural appropriation is a contentious topic in the sociology of race and ethnicity. It refers to the adoption of elements from one culture by members of another culture, often without proper understanding or respect. Some view it as a form of cultural appreciation and exchange, while others argue that it perpetuates power imbalances and disrespect. The debate revolves around whether borrowing elements from different cultures is a celebration of diversity or an act of exploitation, raising questions about identity, respect, and the influence of globalization on cultural boundaries.

Do you think it is a good idea to adopt elements from another culture into yours? For example, would you ever wear a traditional indigenous headdress as a fashion statement at a music festival?

Ethan: Yes, I believe it can be a good idea to adopt elements from another culture into ours. Cultural exchange enriches our understanding of the world and promotes diversity. By appreciating and incorporating aspects of different cultures, we can celebrate our shared humanity and learn from each other. Wearing a traditional indigenous headdress at a music festival, for instance, could be a way to honor and showcase the beauty of indigenous traditions while fostering cross-cultural connections.

Kennedy: No, I disagree. Adopting elements from another culture, especially inappropriately, can perpetuate stereotypes and disrespect the origins of those elements. It’s crucial to recognize the historical context and meaning behind such items. Wearing a traditional indigenous headdress as a fashion statement at a music festival disregards the cultural significance it holds for indigenous communities. This kind of behavior can trivialize rich traditions and reinforce cultural insensitivity.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 54

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in introductory linguistics. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Reed: Introductory linguistics makes vital contributions to our understanding of language and communication. It lays the foundation by elucidating the fundamental components of language, including phonetics (speech sounds), phonology (sound patterns), morphology (word structure), syntax (sentence structure), and semantics (meaning). This knowledge is crucial for language preservation, aiding in documenting endangered languages and reviving them. It also forms the basis for language teaching methodologies, enhancing second language acquisition. Furthermore, introductory linguistics fosters insights into cognitive processes, exploring how language shapes thought. Overall, these contributions are essential for fields like language preservation, education, and cognitive science.

Why is it important to preserve languages, especially those that are endangered?

Oliver: Preserving endangered languages is vital to maintaining cultural diversity and heritage. Each language embodies unique ways of expressing history, values, and traditions. When a language is lost, an entire world of cultural knowledge vanishes, impacting identity and cultural cohesion. By preserving languages, we ensure that future generations can access their roots and connect with their cultural legacy, fostering a sense of pride and belonging.

Elena: I agree with Oliver, and I’d like to add that preserving endangered languages also contributes to scientific understanding. Languages encode intricate linguistic structures and variations that offer insights into the complexities of human cognition and communication. Studying these languages enhances our understanding of how the human mind processes information and constructs language. This knowledge can have broader implications for fields like psychology, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence.

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in early childhood education. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Cook: A contentious issue in early childhood education is the appropriate balance between structured learning and play-based approaches. Advocates of structured learning argue that it establishes essential academic skills and prepares children for formal schooling. However, opponents contend that excessive formalization at a young age can hinder creativity, emotional development, and a love for learning. They emphasize the importance of play-based methods that promote social skills, problem-solving, and imagination. Striking the right balance between these approaches is an ongoing challenge, with educators, parents, and experts debating how to best support a child’s cognitive, emotional, and social growth during their early years.

Do you believe that play-based approaches to learning should be a central focus for children attending kindergarten and first grade?

Aiden: Yes, I firmly believe that play-based approaches should be at the heart of kindergarten and first-grade education. These early years are crucial for fostering a love for learning and developing essential social and cognitive skills. Play-based learning allows children to explore, experiment, and learn through their natural curiosity. By engaging in imaginative activities, they develop problem-solving abilities, creativity, and communication skills. Moreover, play promotes a positive attitude towards education, creating a solid foundation for future academic success.

Sarah: No, I don’t agree that play-based approaches should dominate kindergarten and first-grade education. While play has its merits, these early years are vital for laying a strong academic foundation. Children need structured learning to acquire fundamental literacy and numeracy skills. Overemphasizing play might lead to a lack of preparedness for more formal education. It’s crucial to strike a balance between play and structured learning, ensuring children develop the essential skills they’ll need as they progress through their education journey.

While Aiden makes a valid point about the benefits of play-based learning, I believe a balanced approach is essential. Incorporating elements of play can certainly enhance children’s creativity and social skills, as he pointed out. However, a complete reliance on play-based approaches might risk neglecting the development of crucial academic skills. I find myself aligned with Everly’s perspective – combining both methods allows children to learn in a well-rounded manner. For instance, my niece thrived in a kindergarten that blended play with structured learning. She often engaged in interactive games that reinforced math and language concepts, like counting during scavenger hunts. This approach fostered enthusiasm for learning while equipping her with essential skills, demonstrating the power of a balanced approach in early education.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 56

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in corporate finance. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Morgan: Here are two concepts that we should consider in the context of corporate finance:

• Profit Margin: Profit margin is a straightforward concept that indicates how much profit a company makes for every dollar of revenue it generates. It’s expressed as a percentage and calculated by dividing the company’s net profit by its total revenue. For instance, if a company has a profit margin of 15%, it means it earns $0.15 in profit for every dollar of sales. A higher profit margin generally indicates better efficiency in managing costs and generating profit.
• Return on Investment (ROI): ROI is a measure that helps assess the profitability of an investment. It’s calculated by dividing the net profit generated from an investment by the initial cost of the investment and expressing it as a percentage. For example, if you invest $1,000 in a project and it yields a net profit of $200, the ROI would be 20%. This metric allows investors to compare the potential returns of different investment opportunities and make informed decisions about where to allocate their funds. Higher ROI signifies a more profitable investment relative to its cost.

Which of these business concepts is most important for a business to succeed: profit margin or ROI?

Gabriela: I firmly believe that profit margins hold greater importance for a business’s success. A healthy profit margin indicates that a company efficiently manages its costs and pricing strategies, ensuring sustainable profitability. A high margin offers a buffer against unexpected expenses and market fluctuations. It signifies a strong foundation for growth, allowing companies to reinvest in innovation and expansion while maintaining financial stability.

Jackson: In contrast, I advocate for Return on Investment (ROI) as the key driver of business success. While profit margins are crucial, ROI provides a clearer picture of how effectively an investment contributes to the overall success of the business. A high ROI means that the money invested is generating substantial returns. Focusing on ROI ensures that resources are allocated to projects and initiatives that yield the best outcomes, ultimately maximizing the value created for the business.

I respectfully disagree with Gabriela’s perspective on profit margins being the primary determinant of a business’s success. While profit margins certainly reflect cost management and pricing strategies, they might not necessarily provide a comprehensive view of a company’s overall performance. I align more with Jackson’s viewpoint that Return on Investment (ROI) holds greater significance.

Personal experience supports this. In my previous role at a startup, we achieved healthy profit margins initially, but as we expanded and invested in new ventures, these margins dipped due to increased costs. However, our focus on ROI allowed us to evaluate the effectiveness of each investment. We redirected resources from projects with lower ROI to those generating higher returns. This approach ensured that our limited resources were optimally utilized, leading to sustained growth and profitability.

Jackson’s emphasis on ROI acknowledges that it’s not just about revenue and costs, but about maximizing the value derived from investments. By aligning resources with projects that yield the best outcomes, a company can strategically enhance its overall success.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 57

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in creative writing. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Bell: Creative writing is vital as it fosters imagination, empathy, and critical thinking. It allows individuals to explore diverse perspectives, worlds, and emotions, enriching culture and promoting self-expression. This field nurtures effective communication skills, influencing various professions and enhancing personal relationships. By harnessing the power of words to evoke emotions and convey ideas, creative writing ignites societal discussions, preserves stories, and inspires change. It’s a cornerstone of literature, art, and self-discovery, reflecting humanity’s complexities and aspirations, while continuously shaping how we perceive and connect with the world around us.

What is the most important benefit to students who take creative writing courses?

Caden: Engaging in creative writing courses offers students the invaluable benefit of enhancing their self-expression and communication skills. By diving into the world of imagination, students can explore various writing styles and experiment with language, which ultimately helps them convey their thoughts and ideas more effectively.

Willow: Building on Caden’s point, another significant benefit of enrolling in creative writing courses is the boost to critical thinking and problem-solving abilities. As students construct intricate narratives, they learn to organize their ideas coherently, anticipate reader reactions, and craft compelling arguments, fostering their analytical skills in the process.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 58

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in ancient philosophy. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Murphy: Ancient philosophy delves into the intellectual heritage of early civilizations, exploring the fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, ethics, and the nature of reality. This course examines the works of influential thinkers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, as well as philosophers from diverse cultures like Confucius and the Stoics. By studying their writings, students gain insights into the foundational principles that shaped Western and Eastern thought, and how these ideas continue to resonate in contemporary debates. Ancient philosophy not only offers historical perspective but also encourages critical thinking and a deeper understanding of the philosophical roots that underpin modern concepts of morality, governance, and human understanding.

In your post, I want you to consider the following question: “Should students be required to take ancient philosophy as part of their general education undergraduate degree requirements?”

Lucas:  Yes, integrating ancient philosophy into general education requirements is crucial. It offers students a profound understanding of the intellectual origins that have shaped our world. Exploring the works of philosophers like Socrates and Aristotle allows us to grasp the roots of critical thinking, ethical reasoning, and societal values, which remain relevant today.

Aaliyah: No, mandating ancient philosophy can be limiting. While it holds historical significance, modern students might find it less applicable to their lives. The diverse interests and career paths of undergraduates should be considered, ensuring a curriculum that better aligns with their goals.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 59

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in human geography. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Bailey: Human geography examines the dynamic relationship between humans and their environment. It delves into how societies shape and are influenced by their surroundings, focusing on cultural, social, economic, and political factors. Through the lens of human geography, students explore topics like urbanization, migration, population dynamics, and the impact of globalization. This course fosters an understanding of spatial patterns, interactions, and disparities across the globe. By studying human geography, students gain insights into the complexities of human behavior, cultural diversity, and the ways in which people and places are interconnected on a global scale.

To get started with your initial post for this course, consider the following question: “What impact do you believe humans have had on the environment surrounding them?

Mason: The positive impact humans have on the environment lies in technological advancements. Our innovations have led to improved resource management, renewable energy solutions, and sustainable practices. These innovations contribute to a greener future and demonstrate our ability to adapt and find solutions for the challenges we’ve created.

Allison: Conversely, the negative impact of human activity on the environment is undeniable. Our rapid industrialization, deforestation, and excessive resource consumption have led to habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change. These actions have disrupted ecosystems, threatened biodiversity, and caused lasting harm to the delicate balance of our planet.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 60

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in the neuroscience of addiction. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Rivera: Important innovations in the neuroscience of addiction have significantly advanced our understanding of substance abuse and its underlying mechanisms. Functional brain imaging techniques, such as PET and fMRI, have enabled researchers to visualize and map brain activity associated with addiction. This has revealed specific neural circuits and regions involved in reward, cravings, and decision-making. Additionally, molecular studies have identified genes and proteins that play crucial roles in addiction susceptibility. The advent of optogenetics and chemogenetics has allowed for precise manipulation of neural activity, aiding in pinpointing key areas for intervention. These innovations collectively deepen insights into addiction’s neurological basis, potentially paving the way for more effective treatments and preventative strategies.

Now that you know some key points, consider the following question for your online discussion post: “What is the best way to prevent and treat people who are addicted to drugs?”

Elijah: An effective drug treatment and prevention plan involves a combination of psychotherapy and medication. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) can help individuals identify triggers and develop coping strategies, while medications like methadone or buprenorphine reduce withdrawal symptoms and cravings for opioids. This approach addresses both the psychological and physiological aspects of addiction, increasing the chances of successful recovery.

Hailey: Building on Elijah’s point, a harm reduction approach is vital. Safe injection sites, needle exchange programs, and education campaigns minimize the risks associated with drug use. By providing a safe environment and resources, we can engage with individuals at various stages of addiction and guide them towards healthier choices.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 61

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in business ethics. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Cooper:  “Predatory Pricing” involves a company deliberately setting prices for its products or services extremely low to drive competitors out of the market. While it might seem like a competitive strategy, critics argue that it can harm competition and lead to monopolistic behavior, ultimately reducing consumer choices and innovation. Proponents, however, contend that aggressive pricing can benefit consumers in the short term, fostering competition and potentially lowering prices. Balancing competitive practices with ethical considerations remains a point of contention in discussions about predatory pricing’s impact on market dynamics and fair business behavior.

In your post this week, please answer the following: “Should the government allow companies to use predatory pricing?”

Grayson: Yes, I believe the government should allow companies to use predatory pricing as a strategic tool. While controversial, it can foster healthy competition and provide short-term benefits to consumers by offering lower prices. This approach encourages innovation and efficient resource allocation in the market, ultimately driving economic growth. Critics argue that predatory pricing may stifle competition, but regulations can prevent excessive abuse and ensure a fair playing field.

Gianna: No, I disagree with Grayson. Allowing companies to employ predatory pricing could lead to monopolistic behavior, harming small businesses and consumer choice. Such practices can create an unfair advantage for larger corporations, potentially leading to reduced market diversity and innovation. Regulations might not be effective in preventing these negative outcomes, as companies can exploit loopholes. It’s important for the government to prioritize fair competition over short-term gains.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 62

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in world politics. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Richardson: Global trade and protectionism pertains to the debate surrounding open trade policies versus protectionist measures. Advocates of free trade argue that reducing barriers fosters economic growth, encourages cooperation, and lifts nations out of poverty. On the other hand, protectionists argue that safeguarding domestic industries and jobs is vital, especially in the face of outsourcing and unequal competition. The tension arises from balancing the benefits of global interconnectedness with the need to support domestic economies. The discussion often includes concerns about job displacement, income inequality, and the impacts of trade agreements on different sectors of society.

Which do you prefer more as an economic worldview: free trade or protectionism?

Valentina: I prefer the economic worldview of free trade. It encourages global cooperation, leading to improved resource allocation, lower prices, and increased consumer choices. Open markets stimulate innovation and growth, benefiting both developed and developing nations. While challenges exist, like potential job shifts, the overall positive impact on economies and living standards outweighs the drawbacks.

Carter: I lean towards protectionism. Ensuring domestic industries remain strong is vital for economic stability. Protectionist measures can shield local businesses and jobs from unfair competition, preventing outsourcing and preserving national identity. While critics argue it might lead to isolation, safeguarding key industries can provide a stronger foundation for growth and innovation.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 63

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in medieval history. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Cox: One controversial topic in medieval history is the role of religion and the Catholic Church during the Crusades. The Crusades were a series of religiously motivated military campaigns undertaken by Western Christians to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control. Supporters argue that the Crusades were acts of faith, aimed at protecting Christian interests and spreading religious influence. Critics, however, view them as acts of aggression, colonialism, and cultural imperialism, leading to violence, cultural clashes, and the forced conversion of non-Christians. The debates surrounding the Crusades touch on issues of religious zeal, cultural clash, and the complexities of historical interpretation.

In your post, address the following question: “The Crusades should be seen as Christian acts of aggression. Do you agree with this assertion?”

James: Yes, I agree that the Crusades should be seen as Christian acts of aggression. The campaigns were driven by religious fervor, aiming to reclaim sacred sites from Muslim control. Though fueled by faith, they inevitably resulted in conflicts and conquests. These endeavors sought to expand Christian influence through force, representing a form of religious zeal that aligned with the prevailing mindset of the time.

Eliana: No, I disagree. Labeling the Crusades as purely Christian acts of aggression oversimplifies the complex motives behind these campaigns. Economic, political, and territorial ambitions were also significant factors. Many leaders exploited religious sentiment for personal gain. Additionally, not all Christians supported the Crusades, and their consequences included cultural clashes, pillaging, and atrocities against both Muslims and Eastern Christians.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 64

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in gender studies. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Howard: Gender studies examines the societal construction of gender identities, roles, and power dynamics. It challenges binary notions of gender, highlighting its fluid and socially constructed nature. Intersectionality emphasizes how gender interacts with other identities like race, class, and sexuality, shaping experiences and oppression. The concept of patriarchy underscores historical male dominance and its impact on systems, perpetuating gender inequality. Queer theory challenges normative sexual and gender identities, critiquing heteronormativity. Feminism drives gender justice, aiming to dismantle oppressive structures and achieve equality. Overall, gender studies aims to deconstruct biases, fostering understanding and promoting inclusivity in all aspects of life.

Answer this question in your post for this week’s class: “What is the main benefit, in your view, of gender studies in terms of promoting inclusivity?”

Benjamin: A key benefit of gender studies is its role in dismantling harmful stereotypes and societal norms. By critically examining the construction of gender roles and identities, gender studies encourages us to challenge limiting beliefs that perpetuate inequality. This process not only liberates individuals from confining expectations but also fosters an environment where people can express their authentic selves without fear of judgment. As a result, promoting inclusivity becomes attainable when we recognize and celebrate the diverse ways in which gender can be lived and expressed.

Quinley: Another pivotal benefit of gender studies is its contribution to systemic change. By uncovering historical and structural injustices embedded in societies, it exposes the root causes of gender-based discrimination. This understanding enables us to advocate for policy changes and institutional reforms that address these disparities. By confronting systemic issues, we pave the way for equitable opportunities and representation, thus fostering inclusivity at a societal level.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 65

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in business management. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Ward: “Rank and yank,” also known as forced ranking, is a controversial business management practice. In this approach, employees are evaluated and then ranked based on their performance, with a certain percentage labeled as top performers, average, and underperformers. The bottom-ranked individuals often face consequences like termination or reduced opportunities. Critics argue that this practice fosters unhealthy competition, discourages collaboration, and may result in a demoralized workforce. It can also lead to a focus on short-term gains rather than long-term growth, potentially undermining teamwork and employee development.

Make a thoughtful post his week as you consider the following question: “ Do you think it is a good idea for businesses to use forced ranking among their workforce ?”

William: Yes, I believe forced ranking can be beneficial for businesses. It provides a clear structure for performance evaluation, allowing companies to identify top talent and allocate resources effectively. By distinguishing high performers, businesses can reward and retain their best employees, motivating others to improve and contribute more to the organization’s success. Moreover, forced ranking can streamline decision-making and ensure that limited resources are invested in areas that yield the greatest returns.

Autumn: No, I disagree. Forced ranking often creates a toxic work environment. It fosters unhealthy competition among employees, leading to hostility and sabotaging teamwork. The fear of being labeled an underperformer can stifle innovation and discourage risk-taking. Furthermore, it overlooks the fact that success is often a collaborative effort, and focusing solely on individual rankings fails to capture the bigger picture.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 66

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in music theory. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

As you get ready to make your academic post this week, carefully consider the advantages of music in modern society. What do you think is music’s greatest contribution to society?

Ruby: One of music’s greatest contributions to society is its ability to evoke emotions and create connections. Through melodies, harmonies, and lyrics, music taps into our deepest feelings, offering solace, inspiration, and joy. Whether in times of celebration or sorrow, music provides a universal language to express and share emotions, fostering empathy and understanding among diverse individuals.

Stan: Another remarkable contribution of music is its power to drive social change. Throughout history, music has been a catalyst for movements and revolutions, conveying messages of protest, unity, and hope. Artists use their platforms to address societal issues, challenging norms and sparking conversations that lead to positive transformations.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 67

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in human rights law. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Peterson: Human rights law is a legal framework designed to protect and uphold the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals, ensuring dignity and equality. However, it can also lead to debates over conflicting rights and priorities. One issue centers on the tension between freedom of expression and hate speech. While human rights law defends the right to express opinions, it faces opposition when that expression promotes discrimination or incites violence. Another contentious matter involves the balance between individual privacy and security. While rights to privacy safeguard personal data, counterterrorism measures often require surveillance, challenging the boundaries of privacy protection. These opposing issues underscore the complexity of human rights law’s implementation in striking a balance between safeguarding rights and addressing societal challenges.

During this week, complete the paradox between the rights of free speech and hate speech. Then, make a thoughtful post stating your preference:

“Some believe that hate speech should be protected even if it promotes discrimination. Others, on the other hand, believe that hate speech should be banned. What is your preference?”

Michael: Personally, I lean towards protecting hate speech, even if it promotes discrimination. While I strongly value free expression, I believe that censoring hate speech could set a precedent for suppressing other forms of unpopular or dissenting opinions. A society that truly embraces freedom of speech must be willing to confront and counter hateful rhetoric through open dialogue and education rather than outright prohibition.

Sadie: On the contrary, I advocate for banning hate speech. While free expression is crucial, hate speech perpetuates harm and oppression. Allowing such speech can foster a hostile environment, hindering marginalized individuals from fully participating in society. By curbing hate speech, we prioritize inclusivity and safety, ensuring that everyone’s rights are respected without promoting discrimination.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 68

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in digital photography. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Gray: In digital photography, the choice between black and white or color photos is a creative decision driven by artistic intent. Black and white photography often emphasizes contrasts, textures, and compositions, allowing for a focus on form and mood. It can evoke nostalgia or timelessness, highlighting the emotional essence of a scene. On the other hand, color photography captures the vibrancy and realism of the subject, offering a dynamic and vivid representation. Colors convey emotions, enhance storytelling, and provide context. Ultimately, the decision depends on the photographer’s desired impact: black and white for abstract and emotional resonance, or color for vivid storytelling and realism.

In your post this week, share your experiences as it relates to the following question: “Do you think that color photography most effectively captures your memories?”

Daniel: Yes, I believe color photography is the most effective way to capture memories. Color adds depth and richness to photographs, reflecting the real world as we perceive it. The various hues evoke emotions and enhance the sensory experience, allowing us to relive moments more authentically. Color photographs provide context, making memories vivid and relatable to our surroundings at the time, resulting in a stronger connection to the past.

Serenity: No, I disagree. Black and white photography often strips away distractions, focusing solely on the essence of the scene. The absence of color invites viewers to interpret and engage more deeply with the subject’s emotions and composition. Memories are often tied to feelings and atmospheres, which monochrome images can accentuate. The absence of color doesn’t diminish the memory’s impact; rather, it encourages a more contemplative and introspective connection.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 69

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in developmental biology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Ramirez: One of the most innovative concepts in developmental biology is stem cell plasticity. This phenomenon challenges the traditional belief that stem cells have fixed destinies. Stem cells, once thought to be committed to specific lineages, exhibit a remarkable ability to change their fate and differentiate into various cell types, even those outside their original lineage. This discovery revolutionizes our understanding of tissue regeneration, disease treatment, and potential applications in regenerative medicine. Stem cell plasticity offers a new perspective on cellular development and has significant implications for addressing degenerative diseases and injuries by harnessing the adaptable nature of these cells.

Based on what we have discussed so far, please make a post related to the following open-ended question: “ What is the most important contribution that stem cell plasticity brings to developmental biology ?”

Piper: Stem cell plasticity significantly broadens the understanding of developmental biology by introducing the concept of cellular flexibility. It showcases that stem cells possess the ability to shift their differentiation pathways beyond their anticipated lineage, challenging the notion of rigid fate determination. This newfound adaptability opens up avenues to explore previously unforeseen regenerative and therapeutic possibilities.

Matthew: Another crucial contribution of stem cell plasticity lies in its implications for disease modeling. The ability of stem cells to switch fates highlights the potential to replicate disease conditions in the lab environment, aiding in the study of diseases that were previously challenging to recreate accurately. This enables researchers to investigate disease progression, screen potential drug candidates, and develop targeted therapies.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 70

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in introductory anthropology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor James: Confirmation bias is a cognitive bias in which individuals tend to interpret, seek out, or remember information in a way that confirms their preexisting beliefs or hypotheses. It’s a common human tendency to favor information that aligns with what we already think or believe, while dismissing or ignoring information that contradicts our views. This bias can lead to a distorted perception of reality, as people become more resistant to considering alternative viewpoints or new evidence. Confirmation bias can have significant implications in decision-making, research, and discussions, as it can hinder open-mindedness, critical thinking, and the pursuit of objective truth. Recognizing and addressing confirmation bias is essential for making informed and balanced judgments.

“Do you think businesses should actively punish workers who exhibit confirmation bias?” Please make a post this week in response to this question.

Logan: Yes, businesses should indeed actively punish workers who exhibit confirmation bias. This bias can hinder productivity and innovation, leading to narrow-minded decision-making and a lack of diverse perspectives. By enforcing consequences, businesses promote a culture of critical thinking and inclusivity, where employees are encouraged to challenge their own beliefs and consider different viewpoints. This approach ultimately benefits the organization’s growth and adaptability.

Trinity: No, I disagree. While addressing confirmation bias is crucial, punishing workers may create a culture of fear, inhibiting honest discussions and intellectual growth. Punitive measures could deter employees from admitting their biases or seeking help to overcome them. It’s more effective to foster an environment that promotes awareness and education, allowing workers to recognize and actively counter their biases without the fear of retribution.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 71

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in public relations. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Watson: Businesses rely on two important strategies in public relations. 1. Influencer Partnerships: Collaborating with influential individuals in relevant fields can amplify brand messaging. By leveraging the credibility and reach of these influencers, companies can connect with their target audience more authentically. This strategy harnesses the power of personal recommendations and fosters a sense of relatability, ultimately enhancing brand reputation and engagement. 2. Crisis Management: Preparing for and effectively managing crises is crucial. This strategy involves quick and transparent communication, taking responsibility, and outlining steps to rectify the situation. By demonstrating empathy and a commitment to resolving issues, companies can mitigate reputational damage, rebuild trust, and emerge stronger from challenging situations.

Of course, influencer partnerships and crisis management are important to business success. However, in your post this week, explain which strategy has the most impact on helping businesses stay successful.

Henry: In my opinion, when it comes to helping businesses stay successful, influencer partnerships hold the upper hand. By aligning our brand with influential figures, we tap into their credibility and vast reach. This translates to more genuine interactions with our target audience, as they’re more likely to trust recommendations from people they admire. Through this strategy, we can establish a deeper connection with potential customers, enhance our brand reputation, and ultimately secure long-term success.

Annabelle: I beg to differ, as I believe crisis management plays a more pivotal role in maintaining business success. While influencer partnerships are beneficial, crises are inevitable, and how we handle them can make or break our reputation. Swift and transparent communication during tough times not only demonstrates accountability but also showcases our commitment to resolving issues. This approach fosters trust and loyalty among customers, suppliers, and stakeholders. Addressing challenges head-on can effectively salvage our brand’s integrity and bolster long-term success.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 72

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in human development and aging. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Brooks: One controversial topic in human development and aging is the concept of “aging gracefully” versus pursuing aggressive anti-aging interventions. While some argue for embracing natural aging processes and focusing on holistic well-being, others advocate for using advanced medical technologies and cosmetic procedures to delay or reverse the signs of aging. This debate raises ethical concerns about societal pressures, self-acceptance, and the potential risks of intervention. Striking a balance between promoting healthy aging and respecting individual choices remains a complex issue that challenges our perceptions of beauty, longevity, and the human experience.

In your post this week, please answer the following question: “Do you think people should use advanced medical technologies and cosmetic procedures to delay or reverse the effects of aging?

Sebastian: Absolutely, I believe that people should utilize advanced medical technologies and cosmetic procedures to counteract the effects of aging. With the rapid advancements in science and medicine, we have the opportunity to enhance our quality of life and maintain a youthful appearance for longer. Embracing these interventions can boost self-esteem, extend active years, and even potentially prevent certain age-related health issues. It’s a practical way to make the most of available resources and live life to the fullest.

Bella: I respectfully disagree. While advancements in medical technologies are commendable, the pressure to reverse aging might lead to unrealistic beauty standards and an unhealthy obsession with appearance. Embracing natural aging can foster self-acceptance and a focus on inner well-being. Additionally, some procedures come with risks and unintended outcomes. Prioritizing overall health and adapting to the changes that come with age is a more balanced approach, promoting emotional and mental well-being.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 73

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in business law. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Kelly: One impactful aspect of business law is contractual agreements . These legally binding documents outline the terms and obligations between parties entering into business relationships. Clear and well-drafted contracts help prevent disputes, as they specify the rights, responsibilities, and remedies of each party. They provide a framework for transactions, partnerships, employment, and more. Ensuring contracts are comprehensive, accurately reflecting intentions, and compliant with relevant laws is crucial for fostering trust, minimizing legal risks, and facilitating smooth business operation.

Your assignment this week requires you to meaningfully respond to the following question: “What is the most important contribution that contractual agreements bring to our society?”

David: Contractual agreements play a crucial role in providing predictability and structure to our society. These legally binding documents establish expectations and obligations between parties, ensuring that both sides understand their rights and responsibilities. This contributes to a stable business environment, promoting trust and reducing potential disputes. Contracts also allow for negotiated terms, which can foster innovation and collaboration by enabling parties to work together with clarity and confidence.

Luna: I agree with David, and I’d like to emphasize the role of contractual agreements in safeguarding fairness. These agreements establish a level playing field by outlining equitable terms for parties involved. They help prevent exploitation and ensure that agreements are entered into voluntarily and without coercion. This aspect is particularly important in maintaining ethical business practices and promoting social responsibility among individuals and organizations.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 74

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in film studies. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Sanders: Film studies is an academic discipline that critically analyzes the art, history, and impact of cinema. It delves into the multifaceted aspects of filmmaking, including aesthetics, narrative structures, cinematography, editing, sound, and cultural contexts. Students explore films as both artistic expressions and cultural artifacts, examining how they reflect and shape societies, ideologies, and identities. Through theoretical frameworks and practical analysis, film studies fosters a deeper understanding of cinematic language, genres, directors, and global cinema traditions. This interdisciplinary field draws from elements of literature, visual arts, sociology, and media studies to dissect the power of visual storytelling and its influence on our perceptions of the world.

What contribution do you think movies make to our society? Please post your response to this question by the end of the week.

Emery: Movies significantly contribute to our society by serving as a powerful medium for storytelling and empathy-building. They have the ability to transport us to different worlds, eras, and experiences, fostering a deeper understanding of diverse cultures, perspectives, and human emotions. Through cinematic narratives, we connect with characters and situations that might be outside our own realm of familiarity, thus cultivating compassion and broadening our horizons.

Joseph: I concur with Emery’s point, and I’d like to highlight movies’ role in shaping cultural identity and fostering social discourse. Films often reflect societal values, issues, and trends, initiating conversations and debates about relevant topics. They can influence public opinion, challenge norms, and provide a mirror to our collective consciousness. Movies act as a shared experience that brings people together, encouraging dialogue and critical thinking about the world we live in.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 75

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in environmental sociology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Price: Environmental justice centers on the unequal distribution of environmental benefits and burdens across communities, often along lines of race, class, and income. Advocates argue that marginalized groups disproportionately face the negative impacts of pollution, resource depletion, and climate change due to systemic injustices. Critics, on the other hand, debate the extent to which these disparities are intentional or a result of broader socioeconomic factors. The debate raises questions about fair access to clean air, water, and a healthy environment, highlighting the complex interplay between environmental issues and social inequalities.

In your post this week consider the following question: “One way to dismantle social inequality is to impose a fee on those water users with higher incomes.  Then that additional money can be used to give discounts on water usage for those in lower income brackets, especially marginalized groups such as Hispanics and Blacks. Do you think this is a good idea?”

Samuel: Certainly, I believe imposing a fee on higher-income water users to subsidize lower-income groups is a practical step towards addressing social inequality. By redistributing resources, we can bridge the gap between privileged and marginalized communities. This approach not only provides essential services to those in need but also promotes a sense of shared responsibility, fostering a more equitable society.

Ariana: I respectfully disagree. While the intention is noble, this proposal may not be effective in dismantling social inequality. It places an undue burden on one group to benefit another, potentially causing resentment. Additionally, it simplifies a complex issue by assuming that water usage and income are directly correlated. A more comprehensive solution would involve targeted policies addressing systemic inequalities rather than a fee-based approach that might inadvertently exacerbate tensions.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 76

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in educational psychology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Bennet: A controversial topic in educational psychology is the role of technology in the classroom . Supporters argue that integrating technology enhances engagement, personalized learning, and prepares students for a tech-driven world. However, critics express concerns about overreliance, screen time effects, and potential detachment from traditional teaching methods. This debate highlights the need to strike a balance between leveraging technology’s benefits and ensuring it complements, rather than replaces, essential interpersonal and cognitive development aspects of education.

Based on your own and others’ experiences, do you think technology effectively helps students learn?

Everleigh: Absolutely, I believe technology effectively aids student learning. The digital era offers an array of educational tools, interactive apps, and online resources that cater to diverse learning styles. These technologies engage students, making lessons more captivating and relevant. Virtual simulations, for instance, provide hands-on experiences that traditional methods can’t replicate. Moreover, technology facilitates access to a vast pool of information, nurturing critical thinking and research skills essential for modern learning.

Andrew: I beg to differ. While technology has its merits, its effectiveness in enhancing learning is questionable. It can lead to distraction, reduced face-to-face interaction, and superficial comprehension. Students might prioritize quick answers over deep understanding. Furthermore, not all schools can afford the latest gadgets, potentially exacerbating educational inequality. The real challenge lies in using technology as a complementary tool, rather than a primary means of education.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 77

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in modern art. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Wood: Modern art as an academic course delves into the evolution and complexities of artistic expression from the late 19th century to the present day. This interdisciplinary study encompasses various artistic movements, such as Impressionism, Cubism, Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism, and Pop Art. Students analyze the historical, cultural, and social contexts that shaped these movements, exploring how artists responded to changing times and ideologies. The course examines diverse mediums like painting, sculpture, photography, and installation art, fostering critical thinking about the meaning, significance, and impact of modern art on society. Through discussions, critiques, and research, students gain insights into the ever-evolving nature of artistic innovation and its reflection of our contemporary world.

Keeping all these ideas in mind, in your post this week, carefully respond to the following question: “What important contribution does modern art make to society?”

Gabriel: Modern art’s contribution to society lies in its ability to challenge conventions and spark conversations. Through innovative techniques and unconventional subjects, modern artists push boundaries, inviting viewers to question norms and explore new perspectives. This disruption fosters critical thinking and encourages societal introspection, often leading to shifts in cultural paradigms and inspiring further creativity.

London: I agree with Gabriel and want to emphasize modern art’s role in capturing the essence of its time. Artists serve as chroniclers of history, reflecting the spirit of their era through their work. Modern art documents social, political, and technological changes, leaving behind visual records that future generations can analyze. This connection between art and history enriches our understanding of past societies and informs our present-day discourse.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 78

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in applied statistics. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Barnes: Statistics can be used to manipulate outcomes through techniques like cherry-picking, data transformation, and misrepresentation. Cherry-picking involves selectively showcasing data that supports a desired outcome while ignoring contradictory data. Data transformation, like scaling axes differently, can exaggerate differences. Misrepresenting data by using misleading visuals or ambiguous wording can also shape perceptions. Additionally, choosing specific statistical tests based on desired outcomes can influence results. These tactics exploit the complexity of statistical analysis, highlighting the importance of critical thinking and examining methodologies to ensure that statistical presentations are honest and accurately reflect the underlying data.

In your post this week, consider the following question: “Should governments allow politicians to use statistics such as cherry-picking, data transformation, and misrepresentation to mispresent data?”

Dylan: Yes, governments should allow politicians to use statistics like cherry-picking, data transformation, and misrepresentation. While these techniques might seem manipulative, they are just tools in the arsenal of persuasion. Politicians are responsible for advocating their viewpoints effectively, and using statistics creatively can help make complex information more accessible to the public. Additionally, individuals have the responsibility to critically analyze presented data, fostering a more informed citizenry.

Adalynn: No, governments should not condone the use of statistics like cherry-picking, data transformation, and misrepresentation by politicians. These tactics undermine trust in public discourse and decision-making. When politicians manipulate data, it erodes the foundation of democracy, fostering a culture of misinformation and confusion. As citizens, we deserve transparency and honesty from our leaders, not distortions that cater to specific agendas.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 79

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in oceanography. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Ross: Oceanography is the scientific study of oceans and their interconnected processes, encompassing physical, chemical, biological, and geological aspects. It delves into ocean currents, temperature variations, marine life, underwater geology, and more. Researchers analyze how oceans influence climate, marine ecosystems, and human activities like shipping and resource extraction. Oceanography aids in understanding Earth’s history, predicting weather patterns, managing marine resources, and addressing environmental challenges such as climate change and pollution. This interdisciplinary field combines physics, chemistry, biology, geology, and technology to unravel the mysteries of the vast and dynamic marine environment, fostering knowledge crucial to our planet’s health and future.

What contribution do oceans make to our environment?

Owen: Oceans play a pivotal role in regulating Earth’s climate. Through the process of ocean circulation, they redistribute heat around the planet, affecting temperature patterns and weather systems. The oceans act as a massive heat sink, absorbing and releasing heat over time, which helps moderate temperature extremes and influences global climate phenomena like El Niño and La Niña.

Sienna: Another significant contribution of oceans is their role in supporting biodiversity and providing essential resources. Oceans host an incredibly diverse array of life, from the tiniest plankton to the majestic whales. They supply a substantial portion of the world’s protein source through fishing, and marine plants contribute a significant share of our oxygen. Additionally, the oceans hold valuable minerals and energy resources like oil and natural gas, crucial to our modern way of life.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 80

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in health psychology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Henderson: One controversial topic in health psychology is the relationship between genetics and mental disorders. The nature vs. nurture debate questions whether genetic factors or environmental influences play a more significant role in the development of conditions like depression, schizophrenia, and anxiety disorders. While research shows a genetic predisposition can increase susceptibility, environmental factors like trauma or upbringing also contribute. This debate has implications for stigma, personalized treatment approaches, and societal attitudes toward mental health. Striking a balance between acknowledging genetic vulnerability and understanding the impact of life experiences is crucial for advancing mental health research, clinical practice, and public perception.

Write a post this week addressing your preference to the following question: “Which do you think has more of an effect on causing mental illnesses: genetics or environment?”

Jack: I believe genetics play a pivotal role in causing mental illnesses. Research into family histories and twin studies strongly indicate a hereditary component. Specific genes have been associated with disorders like depression and schizophrenia, suggesting a biological basis. This understanding is crucial for destigmatizing mental health and advancing targeted treatments.

Lyric: On the contrary, I lean towards environment as the primary contributor to mental illnesses. Adverse childhood experiences, social pressures, and traumatic events can shape mental health outcomes. These external factors can trigger genetic predispositions and lead to the manifestation of disorders. Understanding the impact of environment is essential for promoting prevention and early intervention strategies.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 81

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in international marketing. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Coleman: Another contentious issue in international marketing is the ethical dilemma surrounding exploitative labor practices in developing countries. Many global corporations outsource production to countries with lower labor costs, which can lead to poor working conditions, low wages, and even child labor. While proponents argue that these practices can boost economic development and provide jobs, opponents emphasize the importance of upholding fair labor standards and human rights. Balancing profit motives with ethical responsibilities raises questions about corporate social responsibility and the role of international marketing in either perpetuating or alleviating these labor disparities.

Do you think it is a good idea for companies to outsource production to countries with lower labor costs?

In paragraph one in about 100 words, Anthony will answer yes. Then Camila in 100 words will answer no. Finally, in paragraph 3, I will recognize and then briefly refute Anthony’s ideas. Then in about 150 words, I will agree with Camila and add to her argument by using a personal experience example as supporting evidence. Use the first-person point of view in all three paragraphs. All three paragraphs should be focused on the following writing prompt: Do you think it is a good idea for companies to outsource production to countries with lower labor costs?

Anthony: No, I disagree. Outsourcing to low-cost countries can exploit cheap labor, leading to poor working conditions and ethical concerns. Companies might sacrifice quality to cut costs, damaging their reputation. Moreover, it can contribute to unemployment in the home country and hinder the development of local industries.

Camila: I align with Camila’s viewpoint. A personal experience elucidates this. A company I know outsourced production to a low-cost country, neglecting workers’ welfare. The ensuing scandal harmed their brand and revealed the ethical implications. Conversely, supporting local industries not only benefits the home economy but also ensures adherence to fair labor practices. Balancing cost efficiency with social responsibility is vital, advocating for sustainable business practices that prioritize both profit and ethical values.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 82

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in comparative politics. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Jenkins: Comparative politics is an academic field that involves the systematic study and analysis of political systems, institutions, behaviors, and processes across different countries. It focuses on identifying patterns, differences, and similarities within political contexts to understand how various nations govern themselves and make collective decisions. Researchers in comparative politics explore topics such as governmental structures, political parties, electoral systems, public policies, and cultural influences on politics. By examining these aspects, the discipline aims to unravel the intricate relationships between political power, societal dynamics, and historical contexts in diverse countries, providing valuable insights into the functioning of governments and the complexities of international politics.

Keeping this overview of comparative politics in mind, in your post this week, carefully respond to the following question: What is the most important contribution that governments provide to their citizens?

Wyatt: Governments contribute essential stability and order to societies. By establishing and enforcing laws, governments create a framework that fosters predictability and security. They ensure the protection of citizens’ rights and the resolution of disputes, laying the foundation for economic growth and social cohesion.

Winsley: Expanding on Wyatt’s point, governments play a crucial role in providing public goods and services. From education and healthcare to infrastructure and public safety, governments allocate resources to meet the needs of their citizens. This helps create equal opportunities and improve the overall quality of life.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 83

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in ancient art and architecture. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Perry: A controversial topic in ancient art and architecture is the debate surrounding the removal and repatriation of cultural artifacts and artworks from their places of origin. Many museums and institutions in Western countries house ancient artifacts that were acquired through colonialism, looting, or other questionable means. The ethical dilemma revolves around whether these artifacts should be returned to their countries of origin, where they hold cultural and historical significance.

In your post this week, share a response with others as you consider the following question: “Should museums return ancient artifacts that were acquired through questionable means to their countries of origin?”

Jayden: Yes, museums should unquestionably return ancient artifacts acquired through dubious means to their countries of origin. These items hold immense cultural and historical significance, and their repatriation is a step toward rectifying colonial injustices. Returning artifacts fosters cultural understanding, empowers indigenous communities, and acknowledges the value of preserving heritage on its home soil.

Destiny: I disagree. Museums provide a global platform for these artifacts, ensuring their preservation and accessibility to a wide audience. Repatriation could risk inadequate care or even loss due to unstable conditions in some countries. Moreover, these artifacts have become part of world heritage and serve as educational tools for diverse audiences.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 84

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in cognitive psychology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Powell: The nature vs. nurture debate in cognitive psychology is controversial. It focuses on whether our mental abilities are mainly shaped by our genetics (nature) or our environment and experiences (nurture). Some argue that genetics play a significant role in determining cognitive traits like intelligence and memory, while others emphasize the impact of upbringing and experiences. The controversy arises from the challenge of untangling the intricate interplay between nature and nurture, as both factors interact to shape our cognitive development. Researchers continue to explore how genes and environment contribute to our cognitive abilities, seeking a more comprehensive understanding of their dynamic relationship.

In your post this week, I want you to think about intelligence. Are our mental abilities mostly shaped by our genetics (nature) or by our environment and experiences (nurture)?

Isaac:  I lean heavily towards genetics as the primary driver of our mental abilities. The inheritance of traits such as intelligence and aptitude points to a biological underpinning. Nature fundamentally shapes the core aspects of our cognitive capacities, establishing a strong argument for the influence of genetics in determining who we are intellectually.

Amaya: On the flip side,  I champion the impact of environment and experiences in shaping mental abilities. While genetics play a role, the nurturing surroundings, educational opportunities, and diverse life experiences play an even more significant part. I believe that our environment fine-tunes our inherent traits, leading to a more well-rounded and nuanced perspective on cognitive development.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 85

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in organizational behavior. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Long: The “360-degree feedback” strategy in organizational behavior involves gathering input on an employee’s performance from various sources, including supervisors, peers, subordinates, and even self-assessment. This comprehensive approach aims to provide a well-rounded evaluation of an individual’s strengths and areas for improvement. While it can enhance self-awareness and foster development, the strategy is also controversial due to potential biases, inconsistent feedback, and a lack of confidentiality. Careful implementation and clear communication are vital to its success, as addressing these concerns ensures the strategy’s effectiveness in promoting personal growth and refining performance within organizations.

Do you believe that companies should evaluate their employees using the 360-degree feedback strategy? Post your meaningful response to this question by the end of the week.

Miller: I firmly believe that companies should indeed evaluate their employees using the 360-degree feedback strategy. I think it offers a well-rounded perspective on an employee’s performance, enabling a more comprehensive understanding of strengths and areas needing improvement. Input from various angles, such as supervisors, peers, and subordinates, can provide valuable insights that a single perspective might miss. This holistic approach promotes growth and encourages a culture of continuous improvement.

Aliana: But this strategy could lead to confusion and conflicting feedback. I am concerned that feedback from different sources might be inconsistent and difficult to reconcile, potentially creating a sense of frustration and unfair judgment. While I respect Aliana’s viewpoint, I see the benefits of the 360-degree feedback approach as outweighing these challenges.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 86

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in classical mythology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Patterson: Classical mythology refers to the collection of ancient stories, legends, and beliefs from Greek and Roman civilizations. It encompasses a vast array of gods, goddesses, heroes, and mythical creatures that play pivotal roles in explaining the creation of the world, natural phenomena, and the intricacies of human emotions and experiences. These myths often revolve around epic quests, heroic feats, and divine interventions, providing insights into cultural values, morals, and societal norms of the time. From Zeus and Athena to Hercules and Medusa, classical mythology weaves a rich tapestry of narratives that have transcended centuries, leaving an indelible mark on literature, art, and popular culture.

What benefits do you think classical mythology brings to our society?

Elise: Classical mythology significantly enriches our society by providing a timeless repository of cultural heritage and universal themes. These ancient tales, with their gods, heroes, and epic struggles, serve as a shared human experience that transcends geographical and temporal boundaries. They offer valuable insights into the complexities of human nature, the eternal struggle between good and evil, and the dynamics of power and morality. By studying classical mythology, we gain a deeper understanding of the origins of various cultural references, symbols, and archetypes that continue to influence literature, art, and media today. Moreover, these myths foster a sense of connection with our ancestors and foster a strong foundation for storytelling and creativity across generations.

Lincoln: Another vital contribution of classical mythology lies in its educational value. These narratives often serve as allegorical lessons, imparting wisdom about virtues, vices, and the consequences of human actions. They encourage critical thinking by exploring intricate moral dilemmas and ethical choices faced by the characters. This prompts individuals to contemplate their own decisions and the potential outcomes. Additionally, classical myths offer an entry point into the study of history, religion, and cultural evolution, fostering interdisciplinary learning and a holistic view of the world’s heritage.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 87

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in global environmental politics. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Hughes: The concept of “sustainable development” is pivotal in global environmental politics. It emphasizes the need to meet present societal needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This approach seeks to balance economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection. By integrating economic, social, and environmental dimensions, sustainable development aims to address pressing global challenges like climate change, biodiversity loss, and resource depletion. It recognizes the interconnectedness of these issues and highlights the importance of collaborative international efforts to ensure a viable and prosperous planet for both current and future generations.

Do you think that all countries, both developing and developed ones, should advocate for sustainable development policies?

Joshua: Yes, advocating for sustainable development policies is imperative for all countries, regardless of their development status. In an increasingly interconnected world, environmental challenges like climate change and resource depletion transcend national borders. Embracing sustainable practices not only safeguards our planet but also promotes economic stability and social equity. By committing to sustainable development, all countries can collectively address the root causes of environmental degradation while fostering global cooperation and shared responsibility.

Angelina:  No, I believe that while the idea of sustainable development is noble, advocating for such policies might hinder the progress of developing countries. Many of these nations are grappling with pressing issues like poverty and basic infrastructure, and enforcing stringent environmental regulations could exacerbate their challenges. Imposing uniform policies might stifle economic growth and prevent them from achieving the same level of development that more affluent nations have enjoyed.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 88

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in the philosophy of mind. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Flores: Philosophy delves into the profound exploration of the nature of consciousness, cognition, and the mind-body relationship. It scrutinizes fundamental questions such as the nature of mental states, the possibility of mental causation, and the relationship between the mind and the physical brain. Students engage with influential theories like dualism, materialism, and functionalism to unravel the complexities of subjective experience and the fundamental essence of human consciousness. The discipline critically examines the implications of these theories on our understanding of identity, free will, and the boundaries of the human psyche, fostering a deeper appreciation for the intricacies of the mind’s philosophical and metaphysical dimensions.

Keeping these ideas in mind, in your assigned post this week, carefully consider the following question: “What is the most important contribution that philosophy brings to society?”

Rachel: One of the most important contributions that philosophy brings to society is its role in fostering critical thinking and rational inquiry. Philosophical exploration encourages individuals to question assumptions, analyze arguments, and evaluate evidence. This ability to engage in reasoned discourse equips people to make informed decisions, engage in meaningful debates, and navigate the complexities of an increasingly information-driven world.

Caleb: Another vital contribution of philosophy is its capacity to explore ethical principles and moral frameworks. Through philosophical examination, we grapple with fundamental questions about right and wrong, justice, and human values. By engaging with various ethical theories, societies can collectively shape their norms and laws, promoting fairness, compassion, and social harmony.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 89

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in art therapy. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Kim: Two popular forms of art therapy are “Gestalt Art Therapy” and “Narrative Art Therapy.” In Gestalt Art Therapy, the focus is on the creative process and the individual’s present moment experience. This approach encourages clients to engage with their emotions and thoughts through the act of creating art, allowing them to explore their inner world and gain insights into their feelings and conflicts. On the other hand, Narrative Art Therapy involves using art to tell stories or create visual narratives. This approach helps individuals externalize their experiences, enabling them to process and make sense of their life events through symbolic representation, fostering self-expression and personal growth.

In your opinion, what form of art therapy do you prefer: Gestalt Art Therapy or Narrative Art Therapy?

Ryan: Personally, I find Gestalt Art Therapy to be a more appealing approach. The emphasis on the present moment experience and the creative process resonates with me. I believe that the act of creating art in the here and now allows for a direct exploration of my emotions and thoughts. The non-judgmental focus on the present helps me connect with my inner feelings in a spontaneous and authentic way.

Alexandra: On the other hand, I lean towards Narrative Art Therapy. I believe that weaving stories through art provides a powerful outlet for processing and understanding complex emotions and experiences. Creating visual narratives allows me to externalize my thoughts, and the symbolic representation often reveals insights that might be difficult to express verbally. By constructing stories through art, I feel empowered to reshape my perspective on challenging situations and find new layers of meaning.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 90

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in behavioral ecology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Washington: Optimal foraging theory is a concept in behavioral ecology that explores how animals make decisions about how to best acquire and utilize food resources while minimizing energy expenditure and maximizing fitness. It suggests that natural selection has shaped animals’ foraging behaviors to strike a balance between the energy spent in searching for and consuming food and the energy gained from that food. This theory predicts that animals should select prey that provides the highest energy content relative to the effort required to obtain it. Factors such as prey abundance, handling time, and the energy required to capture prey all influence an animal’s foraging strategies and habitat selection.

Do you believe that the optimal foraging theory best explains how animals select their prey?

Maria: Yes, I do believe that the optimal foraging theory provides a compelling explanation for how animals select their prey. This theory reflects the efficient use of energy and resources in the wild. Animals, like predators, often exhibit behaviors that optimize their foraging efforts by targeting prey that offers the most energy per unit of time invested. It makes sense that natural selection would favor creatures that maximize their caloric intake while minimizing energy expenditure, ultimately ensuring their survival and reproductive success.

Nathan: No, I’m not entirely convinced that the optimal foraging theory is the sole explanation for how animals choose their prey. While it makes sense in many cases, there are instances where animals seem to prioritize other factors over pure energy gain. Some predators may opt for less energy-rich prey due to its accessibility or lower competition, challenging the theory’s assumptions of maximizing energy intake. Additionally, some species exhibit complex social behaviors that influence their foraging decisions beyond simple energy calculations.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 91

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in fashion design. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Butler: Fashion design involves the study and practice of creating innovative and aesthetically pleasing clothing and accessories. It encompasses various disciplines, including art, design, textiles, and cultural studies. Students of fashion design learn to combine artistic creativity with technical skills to design garments that reflect cultural trends, individual expression, and functionality. They explore fabric selection, pattern making, garment construction, and presentation techniques. Fashion design also delves into the historical, social, and cultural contexts that influence clothing choices and styles, providing a comprehensive understanding of the fashion industry’s dynamic and ever-evolving nature.

What significant contribution does fashion design bring to our civilization? Please make a meaningful reply to this post by Sunday night at 11:59 PM.

Adam: Fashion design significantly contributes to our civilization by serving as a form of self-expression and identity. Through clothing choices and styles, individuals can communicate their personality, cultural affiliations, and beliefs. Fashion designers create a diverse range of options that empower people to curate their appearances, fostering a sense of individuality and belonging within society.

Gale: Another crucial contribution of fashion design lies in its economic impact. The fashion industry generates vast employment opportunities across design, manufacturing, marketing, and retail. It fuels economic growth by stimulating consumer spending and international trade. Additionally, fashion trends often drive innovation in textiles and technology, further boosting economic development.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 92

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in ancient languages (Latin/Greek). Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Simmons: The study of ancient languages such as Latin and Greek constitutes an academic discipline known as Classical Languages. This field focuses on understanding and interpreting the literature, culture, and history of ancient civilizations through their languages. Scholars delve into texts ranging from philosophical treatises to epic poems, unraveling linguistic nuances and context to extract insights into the societies of antiquity. By mastering the intricacies of these languages, scholars gain access to the foundations of Western thought, enhancing their understanding of literature, law, philosophy, and history while preserving and connecting with the cultural legacies of the past.

Do you think it is a good idea to study classical languages such as Latin and Greek?

Zachary: Yes, studying classical languages like Latin and Greek is undeniably beneficial. These languages serve as windows into the past, enabling direct engagement with the foundational works of Western literature, philosophy, and science. Learning them enriches one’s vocabulary, enhances critical thinking, and deepens cultural understanding. Moreover, the ability to decipher ancient texts fosters a unique connection to history, enabling us to appreciate the evolution of ideas and societies across millennia.

Scotia: No, I believe that focusing on classical languages like Latin and Greek might not be the most practical pursuit in today’s world. While they hold historical significance, dedicating time to mastering these languages could detract from acquiring more relevant skills. Modern languages and technological literacy offer more direct benefits for contemporary communication and career prospects. The effort required to become proficient in classical languages might outweigh the limited practical applications.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 93

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in microfinance. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Foster: One controversial topic in microfinance is the effectiveness and impact of interest rates charged on microloans. While microfinance institutions aim to provide financial services to low-income individuals who lack access to traditional banking, debates arise over the interest rates charged. Critics argue that high-interest rates may lead to borrower exploitation and perpetuate cycles of poverty, while proponents contend that such rates are necessary to cover operational costs and mitigate risks associated with lending to vulnerable populations. Striking a balance between ensuring financial inclusion and preventing predatory lending practices remains a central challenge in the microfinance sector.

In your view, what contributions do you think microfinance institutions make to low-income households?

Luke: Microfinance institutions offer a significant positive contribution by empowering low-income households with access to credit and financial services. These institutions enable individuals who are typically excluded from traditional banking systems to secure small loans for business ventures or essential needs. This access can break the cycle of poverty by providing opportunities for income generation and asset accumulation, ultimately improving the quality of life for many families.

Diana: On the flip side, microfinance institutions have drawn criticism for their potential negative contribution in perpetuating debt cycles among vulnerable populations. High interest rates and inadequate borrower education can lead to overindebtedness, trapping individuals in a cycle of borrowing to repay previous loans. This can exacerbate financial instability and hinder long-term economic progress for these households.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 94

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in criminology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Gonzalez:

Two prevailing philosophies in criminology are the classical school and the positivist school . The classical school, dating back to the 18th century, emphasizes individual rationality and free will. It posits that individuals choose to commit crimes after weighing potential benefits and consequences. Punishments should be proportionate and act as deterrents to prevent future crimes. In contrast, the positivist school, emerging in the 19th century, emphasizes external factors like biology, psychology, and social environment as influences on criminal behavior. Positivists believe that scientific methods can uncover the root causes of crime, leading to tailored interventions and treatments for offenders. This approach aims to rehabilitate rather than solely punish, addressing the underlying factors contributing to criminal acts.

Which philosophy  effectively explains criminal behavior: classical or positivist school? Please share your comments in a post by the end of the week.

Paula: I lean towards the classical school in explaining criminal behavior. It acknowledges individual agency and rational decision-making. The idea that people weigh consequences before committing crimes aligns with my belief in personal responsibility and accountability. I think that clear and consistent consequences can deter potential offenders, promoting a more lawful society.

Hunter: I tend to prefer the positivist school when explaining criminal behavior. It recognizes that various external factors can shape a person’s actions, including genetics, upbringing, and mental health. This approach offers a more comprehensive understanding of why people engage in criminal acts and supports the notion that rehabilitation and addressing underlying causes are crucial for reducing recidivism.

While I appreciate Paula’s perspective, I find the positivist school more effective in explaining criminal behavior. A personal experience volunteering at a youth correctional facility showed me that many young offenders came from challenging backgrounds, facing poverty and family issues. These external factors influenced their choices more than calculated rationality. Hunter’s point about addressing root causes to prevent re-offending resonates with me. By understanding and addressing the complex interplay of factors contributing to criminal behavior, we can work towards a more compassionate and effective approach to reducing crime and promoting societal well-being.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 95

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in the sociology of sport. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Bryant: Transgender sports involve the participation of individuals whose gender identity differs from the sex they were assigned at birth. A controversial aspect is determining fair and inclusive competition. The debate centers on the balance between allowing transgender athletes to compete in alignment with their gender identity while ensuring a level playing field. Critics argue that hormonal and physical differences can confer advantages to transgender athletes, potentially affecting the integrity of women’s sports. Advocates emphasize inclusivity, arguing that individuals should be able to compete in accordance with their true gender, with hormonal regulations in place to address competitive imbalances. This topic touches on broader discussions about gender identity, bodily differences, and the evolving nature of sports policies to accommodate diverse participants.

Do you believe that transgender athletes (biologically male) should be allowed to participate in women’s sports?

In paragraph one in about 100 words, Themla will answer yes. Then Connor in 100 words will answer no. Finally, in paragraph 3, I will recognize and then briefly refute Themla’s ideas. Then in about 150 words, I will agree with Connor and add to his argument by using a personal experience example as supporting evidence. Use the first-person point of view in all three paragraphs. All three paragraphs should be focused on the following writing prompt: Do you believe that transgender athletes (biologically male) should be allowed to participate in women’s sports?

Themla: Yes, I believe transgender athletes should be allowed to participate in women’s sports. Denying them the opportunity goes against principles of inclusivity and equality. It’s important to respect an individual’s gender identity, and by allowing them to compete according to that identity, we foster a more accepting society.

Connor: No, I don’t think transgender athletes biologically male should compete in women’s sports. While inclusivity is crucial, physical differences between biologically male and female individuals can lead to an uneven playing field, potentially affecting fair competition and opportunities for cisgender female athletes.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 96

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in computer programming. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Alexander: Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in computers to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence. It involves the development of algorithms and models that enable machines to learn from data, make decisions, recognize patterns, and solve problems. AI techniques include machine learning, where systems improve their performance over time based on data, and deep learning, which involves complex neural networks inspired by the human brain. AI has diverse applications like natural language processing, image recognition, autonomous vehicles, and medical diagnoses. The ethical implications of AI, its potential impact on jobs, and concerns about bias in algorithms are key aspects of ongoing discussions about its role in shaping the future.

What is the most important contribution that AI will make to our civilization? When providing your response to this question this week, aim for a high level of specificity.

Levi: One crucial contribution of AI to our civilization is its transformative impact on healthcare. AI-driven diagnostic tools analyze vast medical datasets, enabling earlier and more accurate disease detection. This technology assists medical professionals in making informed decisions and tailoring personalized treatment plans, improving patient outcomes and reducing medical errors.

Loise: Another significant contribution of AI lies in environmental sustainability. AI-powered systems monitor and manage energy consumption, optimize resource usage, and predict environmental changes. From smart grids that distribute energy efficiently to predictive models that aid in disaster management, AI plays a pivotal role in minimizing our ecological footprint and addressing climate challenges.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 97

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in the biomechanics of sport. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Russell: Biomechanical Analysis is a crucial concept in the biomechanics of sport, involving the study of how mechanical principles apply to human movement during athletic activities. It examines the forces, motion, and interactions that occur within the body and between the body and its surroundings. By analyzing techniques, postures, and equipment, biomechanics helps optimize athletic performance, prevent injuries, and enhance training methods. This scientific approach provides athletes and coaches with valuable insights to refine movements, adjust training regimens, and develop equipment that aligns with the body’s biomechanical principles, ultimately enhancing both efficiency and safety in sports.

Now that you know there are safety and efficiency standards due to biomechanical analysis, do you think that college students should participate in sports?

Julian: Yes, I believe college students should definitely participate in sports. Engaging in sports offers physical fitness, stress relief, and the development of teamwork and leadership skills. It’s a holistic experience that contributes to overall well-being and personal growth, providing a balanced and enriching college life.

Janet: No, I don’t think college students should prioritize sports. The academic demands are already substantial, and adding sports can lead to exhaustion, affecting grades and mental health. Time spent on sports could be better allocated for internships, part-time jobs, or academic pursuits, which are more directly aligned with future career goals.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 98

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in world history. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Griffin: Colonialism is a significant concept in world history, involving the establishment and expansion of European powers’ dominance over other regions during the 15th to 20th centuries. Driven by economic, political, and cultural motives, colonial powers exerted control through territorial acquisition, trade networks, and cultural influence. Colonialism had profound global impacts, reshaping societies, economies, and cultural identities. It led to exploitation of resources, cultural assimilation, and social inequalities in colonized regions. The legacies of colonialism persist, influencing geopolitical dynamics, economic disparities, and cultural interactions to this day.

What, in your opinion, is the most significant impact that colonialism has had on civilization? In your response this week, you have the freedom to examine this topic from either a positive or negative perspective.

Evan: From my perspective, one positive impact of colonialism has been the introduction of advanced infrastructure and technologies to colonized regions. European powers often brought innovations in transportation, communication, and medicine that contributed to improved living standards and connected previously isolated communities.

Angela: Conversely, I believe the most significant negative impact of colonialism is the deep-rooted social and cultural upheaval it inflicted on indigenous populations. Forced cultural assimilation, loss of language, and the disruption of traditional social structures caused profound trauma and erasure of centuries-old identities.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 99

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in graphic design. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Wang: Typography is a crucial concept in graphic design, involving the art and technique of arranging type to make written language visually appealing and readable. It encompasses choosing fonts, sizes, spacing, and alignment to convey the intended message and evoke a specific mood or tone. Effective typography enhances communication and aesthetics, ensuring that text becomes an integral design element. Whether in print or digital media, understanding how different fonts and layouts influence perception is essential for graphic designers to create impactful visual compositions.

Some prefer clothing with written messages. For example, I saw someone at the mall wearing a white T-shirt adorned with the words “I am always grumpy.” However, others do not wear this type of typographical clothing. Which type of clothing do you prefer?

Sophia: Personally, I love typographical clothing. Wearing garments with written messages allows me to express my personality, beliefs, and even humor. It’s a creative way to communicate with the world and make a statement through fashion, making my outfit more than just fabric but a canvas for self-expression.

Ethan: On the other hand, I prefer clothing without words on it. I believe that simplicity in design allows the colors, patterns, and overall aesthetics to take center stage. It offers a timeless and versatile look that isn’t bound by specific messages, allowing me to interpret and connect with my clothing on a more visual and personal level.

Online Discussion Writing Practice Test 100

Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class in theatre arts. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, please make sure that you do the following:

Professor Diaz: Cultural appropriation in theatre arts is a contentious concept. It involves borrowing elements from marginalized cultures for artistic expression, often without proper understanding or respect. While some argue that it promotes cross-cultural understanding and creativity, opponents highlight its potential to perpetuate stereotypes, disrespect traditions, and reinforce power imbalances. The debate raises questions about artistic freedom, sensitivity, and responsible representation, urging theatre practitioners to navigate this delicate balance between artistic exploration and cultural respect.

Do you think it is culturally appropriate to borrow elements from marginalized cultures for artistic expression?

Cade: Yes, I believe borrowing elements from marginalized cultures for artistic expression can be culturally appropriate. Art has a rich history of cross-cultural influences, fostering understanding and celebrating diversity. When done respectfully and with deep appreciation, it can create beautiful and impactful works that promote unity among cultures.

Margaret: No, I disagree. Borrowing elements from marginalized cultures can perpetuate stereotypes and exploit cultural symbols without understanding their significance. This approach risks reducing complex cultural identities to superficial aesthetics, reinforcing existing power dynamics and doing more harm than good.

Michael Buckhoff ,  [email protected]

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4 thoughts on “TOEFL Writing Practice Tests: 100 Prompts + Model Answers”

Controversy in world literature surrounds the Sketch of race, ethnicity, and cultural identity. Some works are criticized for perpetuating stereotypes and cultural appropriation, while defenders argue for diverse perspectives and cultural exploration. This debate raises questions about artistic freedom, responsibility, and literature’s impact on societal attitudes, leaving authors and readers to navigate the stability between artistic and culture in global literature.

The paragraph discusses the concept of reparations, which involves providing compensation or redress to individuals or groups who have suffered in the past. They can take various forms, including financial Replacement, social programs, educational opportunities, or other capability aim at addressing historical differences. The topic is complex, with differing opinions on the need and scope,

The paragraph highlights debates surrounding the use of standardized tests to evaluate students’ mathematical abilities and academic performance. here are concerns about standardized tests exacerbating educational inequalities, particularly for students from disadvantaged backgrounds who may face added difficulties in achieving high scores.

In this classes, we have been studying the theory of evolution, which explains that all living organisms share a common ancestry and have evolved through natural selection and genetic variation. It encounters opposition from certain religious and creationist groups who offer alternative explanations based on their interpretation of religious texts to account for the origins of life.

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Sample Essays for the Writing Section of the TOEFL® Test

Sample Essays for the Writing Section of the TOEFL Test ( document.write(new Date().getFullYear()) )

Did you hear about the updated TOEFL iBT Writing section?

On July 26, 2023, ETS introduced a new TOEFL Writing question : Writing for an Academic Discussion.

That’s right. The Independent Writing question has been retired from the official TOEFL iBT test.

Before we get into the topics and sample essays for the new TOEFL Writing question, let’s start with the first task, which hasn’t changed, the Integrated Writing.

TOEFL Integrated Writing Topics

In the TOEFL Writing Section, there are two questions you must respond to. The first question is called the TOEFL Integrated Writing task. The second question is called the TOEFL Writing for an Academic Discussion task.

The integrated question presents a reading and listening passage, followed by a question, which is a bit more complicated.

Integrated Writing: Task Breakdown
	The writing section instructions will be read aloud. You can skip this introduction.
	You will be given an academic passage to read. This passage will contain between 250-300 words. When the clock starts, you will have three minutes to read the passage. After that, the passage disappears and an audio lecture starts. However, the reading passage will return when it's time to write.
	A lecture that addresses the content of the reading will start to play. The lecture will last for two to three minutes.
	After the passage finishes, you will be asked a question. The question is almost always something like:
	The clock starts. You will have approximately 20 minutes to write an essay of at least 250 words. You must answer the question and report on the most important points from both the reading and listening.

Simple, right?

No? Still confused.

No worries. The best way to understand something better is through examples.

Let’s do one together.

This TOEFL integrated writing topic deals with the use of  Corn Ethanol .

Give yourself three minutes to read it:

The chemical compound, ethanol, has risen in recent years as the most viable alternative to fossil fuels. Ethanol is a renewable fuel made from crops, mainly from corn in the United States, which can power engines. There are many who argue that corn ethanol should replace fossil fuel gas as the primary source for running cars.

One major benefit of using corn ethanol is that it uses less energy than gasoline. Using less energy means that people can get better gas mileage while driving these more fuel-efficient cars. In the long-run, this will be cheaper for consumers because they can drive further than they do now with fossil-fueled cars. People will spend less money on gas because they won’t have to stop to fill up as frequently.

Another advantage of switching to corn ethanol is that it helps the American economy become less reliant on energy sources from other countries. Petroleum is not readily available in the U.S., so it must be imported from other countries. Depending on foreign relations with those countries, fuel becomes a political issue. Corn is a crop that America has in abundance. By using corn ethanol instead, the cost of gas will decrease because now the import taxes on fossil fuels are calculated into the price. This also means that we will be putting the money into our own economy, thus helping local corn farmers.

One of the most attractive aspects of corn ethanol is how environmentally friendly is when compared to current automobile gasoline. Fossil fuels release carbon that has been stored for years from the earth. Burning biofuels, like corn ethanol, is better for the environment because it releases less greenhouse gas emissions. Lessening the amount of carbon emissions will help prevent global warming and all of the other negative effects of climate change.

Once three minutes have ended, listen to a conversation about the same topic

Now, it’s time to write your TOEFL essay.

Stop reading.

Start writing.

Write your essay before you look at this TOEFL Writing sample. You will learn a lot more if you actually write the essay and then compare this to your own.

Here’s an expert TOEFL teacher’s sample essay to this particular TOEFL Writing topic.

The article introduces the topic of corn-based ethanol. More specifically, the writer discusses the advantages of switching from fossil fuels to this alternative energy source. The lecturer in the listening passage disagrees. He believes that the benefits the author mentions are misleading and attacks each of the claims made in the reading.

In the reading, the author begins by stating that drivers will get better gas mileage on corn ethanol than on fossil fuels, and therefore save money on gas. The speaker, however, disagrees. He states that the production of corn ethanol is very expensive. He says that in order to make for the costs to create and distribute this biofuel, the price of ethanol gas will increase.  Therefore, it will not be any cheaper for consumers in the long run.

The writer also claims that making the switch to corn ethanol will help the American economy because it will make the United States less dependent on foreign oil. Again, the lecturer believes there are flaws in the writer’s argument. He holds instead that mass use of corn-based ethanol will hurt the economy. He elaborates this by point out that the inevitable competition for corn by multiple consumers, including beef and dairy farmers, will drive the price of corn up.

Another reason why the author feels that moving from traditional gasoline to corn ethanol is a good idea is that they are more environmentally friendly than fossil fuels. The professor in the listening passage is doubtful that this is accurate. He suggests that as more farmlands are created to support the demands for more corn, more carbon will be absorbed by the land. This means that these emissions will still be released to negatively affect the environment.

As you can see the author and speaker hold very different views about the use of corn ethanol.

The author here clearly defined the main idea, organized the supporting points from both the reading and listening passage, and showed how they differ from each other. 

I know it may seem a bit difficult, which is why I recommend that you start off with a TOEFL Writing template for both the Writing for an Academic Discussion task and Integrated essay.

Looking for more example essays?

Download our TOEFL Writing 24+ Guide if you would like more sample essays. It includes extra tips, tricks, and strategies you will not find anywhere else. Download it for free here

Too complicated? Don’t worry.

I will share TOEFL writing templates for the Integrated Writing question, which will make your life a whole lot easier.

We have to talk about the Writing for an Academic Discussion question.

Writing for an Academic Discussion Question

You will have 10 minutes to complete the Writing for an Academic Discussion question .

For this task, you will participate in an online discussion. After you read the question and student responses, you will have to write a response that adds to the conversation.

Here’s the breakdown:

Writing for an Academic Discussion Time Management
	Scan the discussion and plan
	Write your response
	Edit your response

This question is straightforward, but let’s do a sample together.

When the question appears on the screen, take two minutes to scan the passage and the student’s opinions.

Start to write your response. Be sure to add to the discussion and avoid repeating the same points as the other students.

Aim to write at least 120 words.

Get peace of mind with these TOEFL Writing Templates

Now that you have a few TOEFL Writing topics and sample essays to study from, you may want to use a writing template to help guide your writing.

A TOEFL template is basically a pre-organized set of words and phrases that you can use in almost any TOEFL Writing response.

Here’s TST Prep’s template for the integrated TOEFL Writing question (question one) :

The article introduces the topic of (general topic). More specifically, the writer discusses (stance of the author on the topic). The lecturer in the listening passage disagrees. He believes that (stance of the professor on the topic) and attacks each of the claims made in the reading.

In the reading, the author begins by stating that (first point made to support stance). The lecturer, however, disagrees. He states that (first counterargument by the professor). He goes on to say that (additional detail about first counterargument).

The author also claims that ( second point made to support stance). Again, the lecturer believes there are flaws in the writer’s argument. The speaker holds that (two sentences about the professor’s second counter-argument).

Another reason why the author feels that (restate stance of author ) is that ( third point made to support stance). The professor in the listening passage is doubtful that this is accurate. He suggests that (two sentences about the professor’s third counter argument ).

To sum up, both the writer and professor hold conflicting views about (general topic). It’s clear that they will have trouble finding common ground on this issue.

And here’s our template for the independent TOEFL Writing for an Academic Discussion (question two) :

.

BASIC TEMPLATE: QUESTION 2 (Writing for an Academic Discussion)
opinion on the topic		, globalization is a positive force in the world today.
		is that when nations interact together, it leads to less suffering. , people who suffer from natural catastrophes can import goods and services to help mitigate their losses and recover quickly. Citizens of nations who may be going through war or famine can flee to neighboring countries for shelter.
	I totally agree with _____ point about ____, and I would like to add _______.	Alex's cultural homogenization, . Much of the food found in grocery stores around the world is imported. Our very diet is due to the international trade partnerships and alliances forged over the last half of the 20th century.
		it is crucial to maintain our current global policies for a safer world with a higher standard of living.

You will notice that the sample essays in this article differ from the templates.

You do not have to use templates, it’s up to you. Some people prefer to write in their own unique fashion for the entire exam. However, you will notice that the structure of the templates is similar to the TOEFL example essays.

These templates follow the exact organization and structure you are expected to use on test day, so don’t hesitate to use them in your writing.

Also, don’t forget to download the free 24+ TOEFL Writing Guide if you would like more example essays, templates, and exclusive tips to help you earn the best possible TOEFL Writing score on test day.

If you read this far, it means you are serious about your TOEFL studies. Don’t hesitate to send us an email and let us know how we can help you earn the TOEFL score of your dreams – [email protected]

Did we forget anything? Please comment and let us know how we can improve our TOEFL Writing advice (or if you want to just say hi that would be great too).

Other articles

Ten Awsome Tips for the Writing Section of the TOEFL Test

100 Free Questions for the Listening Section of the TOEFL Test

Check other articles on TOEFL

111 Comments

Hi, Josh. I have a question about copying and pasting in TOEFL writing. I heard some TOEFL teachers say it should be avoided because ETS will consider it a potential form of plagiarism in future academic study.

Could you please provide some suggestions in terms of this issue? Is it ok to copy and paste, since it saves a lot of time in writing, especially on the test day. Thank you!

Great question. The copy-and-paste feature will not work at the test center, and I do not believe it works on the Home Edition either. Regardless, copying and pasting or manually copying the exact words should be avoided. You are always better off putting the answer into your own words.

Hello Josh, I have a question regarding how we can write an advanced writing that will be scored 25+?

Thanks very much for your question. We do have some templates that can help to increase your score. However, to give you a more detailed answer, I would suggest you consider doing an essay evaluation with us so we can help you determine specific areas for improvement. In the meantime, here are some articles that can help.

https://tstprep.com/articles/toefl/ten-awesome-tips-for-the-writing-section-of-the-toefl-test/

https://tstprep.com/articles/toefl/sample-essays-for-the-writing-section-of-the-toefl-test/

Hi Josh! For the academic writing, I only gave my reason for the topic, and I forgot to mention the opinion of the other student. I checked my word count. It is already past 100 words, and I do not want it to be too long. Do we really need to mention the other students’ opinion?

Hi Ireen. Great question! We often suggest mentioning one of the other students, but it is not required. As long as what you said was on topic, you “added to the discussion,” and gave specific reasons and examples, you should be okay with the 100 words you wrote.

Hello, I have a question about the independent writing: Is it a problem if I just give one reason in my essay (but detailed enough)? Thank you

Hi there and thank you for your question. There are no specific grading criteria that say you MUST give two reasons for your opinion, so, in theory, yes, you can just give one reason. I don’t think you will be marked down for it. If possible, try to give two though. It will make your word count higher.

Hello Josh, I was wondering if you have more integrated writing questions that we could do for practice, do you know where to find them?

Hi there and thank you for your question. If you search “TOEFL Writing Practice test” on Youtube you will find 2-3 TST Prep practice videos with an Integrated Writing practice question. I’m sure there will be tests from other providers as well.

Hey Josh, I have been following your YouTube channel for my TOEFL preparation, where I learned a lot. My question is that I got stuck between 15-17 scores in the reading section and could not figure out what I would do to enhance my scores. Any suggestions?

Hi there Ashina, and thank you for your question.

It is, indeed, a difficult question to answer. Here are two pieces of advice on how to practice at home and how to improve time management:

HOW TO DO A PASSAGE

I am going to breakdown the process you should go through when you do a TOEFL Reading passage:

1. Copy the test conditions (set a timer to complete the passage and all the questions in 18 minutes)

2. Check your answers

3. Identify the reason you got a specific question wrong (or didn’t understand why you were correct) and write down what you can do to avoid the same mistake next time. Step #3 is the most important and the one often overlooked because most test-takers are pretty tired after reading and answering questions. This will help you notice patterns in incorrect choices and apply what you have learned later.

4. (Optional) Do the same passage again two weeks later. (You will remember much of what you did before, but it should help remind you of what you have learned)

TIME MANAGEMENT

My advice is pretty simple here, practice with LESS TIME. If it is not too stressful, try to complete a passage and all of the questions in 16 minutes (instead of 18). This usually does the trick for most students over time.

I hope you find some of this helpful. Good luck, and let me know if you need anything.

Hey Josh, in the Reading section the last question holds two marks where we are asked to pick three choices. I have always have a hard time getting the perfect score here. any suggestions, please…

Hi Kiba, this is a popular complaint. I posted a video about summary questions here. You might find it helpful.

Hey Josh, I have a question. If the question is saying a good essay is between 200 and 300, and I wrote more than 300, is this okay? Or should I make it only as maximum as they are saying?

Hi Joud and great question. Definitely write MORE. There is a direct correlation between test scores and word count, so the more you write the better. Of course, that doesn’t mean you should write as much as possible as fast as possible, but anything between 350-450 words would be great.

Hey Josh, I think I do well in my writing section, but my score doesn’t improve. Is there anything that I can do to know my mistakes from the ETS?

Hi Aziz, good question, and unfortunately, no, they do not release that information. The best you can do is work with an experienced teacher who can point out your weaknesses and work on them at home before test day.

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TOEFL Writing Topics: Examples of TOEFL Independent Writing Topics

While the TOEFL is generally a very different type of test from the GRE, the GMAT, and the SAT, there are a few similarities, and the nature of the TOEFL Writing topics (specifically TOEFL Independent Writing topics) is one of them. As with most standardized tests, the TOEFL asks you to write an essay.

Well, it asks for two essays. For a quick summary of the two Writing tasks (Independent Writing and Integrated Writing) and how they fit into the Writing section as a whole, see Kate’s breakdown of the TOEFL Writing section. And for TOEFL Integrated Writing topics, jump down to this part of the post .

Table of Contents

Toefl writing topics: task 2 subject matter.

• The Basic Structure of TOEFL Independent Writing Topics
• Practicing TOEFL Independent Writing Topics with Magoosh
• Choose a Side
• View Both Sides
• Describe or Explain
• Integrated TOEFL Writing Task
• Further Practice With TOEFL Writing Topics

Let’s look at the TOEFL Writing topics that you might see for that second TOEFL essay, the “ independent task .” (Also note that the TOEFL Independent Writing task is particularly similar to the GRE issue AWA task , something to bear in mind if you are prepping for the TOEFL and GRE at the same time .)

On the one hand, there are a LOT of different TOEFL Writing topics. You might be asked to write an essay about any of the following: technology, education, media, family, small towns vs. big cities, the benefits of constructing something such as a large factory or new movie theater, the qualities of a good neighbor, life for university students, the way people should work, social media, the impact of human activity on the environment, education (the education of young children, high school students, young adults, etc.), different kinds of people you’d want to work with, important characteristics of a co-worker, cell phones, the traits of the best teachers, the attitudes of young people, traveling to new places, use of free time, etc., etc…

You get the idea. There are many different topics for the test-taker to think about and give a personal opinion on.

The Basic Structure of an Integrated Writing Prompt

But on the other hand, there are only a few different types of Independent Writing tasks. And even with those different types, the tasks are very similar: give your main points, use reasons to support them, include specific points and specific examples in your reasoning, etc…. Since these tasks involve expressing your point of view, sharing your personal experiences is also a common practice across the different types of the Independent TOEFL Writing task. Essentially, you express your opinion in a thesis statement, add related main ideas to each paragraph, and support your thesis and main ideas in a variety of ways.

ETS does provide a list of TOEFL independent essay questions in the 4th edition of the TOEFL Official Guide , and it’s a good idea to look over those sample questions. But there’s an excess of information there—we want to know some more useful generalities! So let’s divide those subjects into types. ( Click here to jump ahead to the first of those three types! )

A Note on Practicing TOEFL Writing Topics

If you practice writing the essay before test day (a good idea!), then you can use an essay prompt from the ETS list mentioned above. This is a great option.

For more customized practice, sign up for Magoosh’s 7-day free trial , select “Practice –> Custom Practice –> Writing Section”, and then try one of our premium TOEFL Writing prompts. You can also choose to only practice the independent task if that’s what you want to focus on. The trial lasts 7 days and you don’t need a credit card to sign up.

Let’s talk about the TOEFL “independent task” Writing topic types I mentioned above!

TOEFL Writing Topic Type 1: Choose a Side

This is by far the most common Independent Writing question type. These TOEFL prompts ask you to choose A or B then explain your decision. There is no “wrong” decision here. You can side with the first or second point, as long as your argument is well-supported and you give an effective response. There are a couple of different approaches to writing this type of essay, but the simplest form is the “five-paragraph essay.” Usually, this is only four paragraphs, because you don’t have that much time—the test only gives you 30 minutes to complete your Independent essay.

So if you choose A, you might write an essay that looks like this:

• A is better
• Reason 1 and examples of why A is better
• Short contrast with B
• Reason 2 and examples of why A is better
• Why this is significant in the real world

Of course, there are other ways to write an essay, but it’s a good idea to use a relatively simple structure for clarity; this tends to be the best, easiest path to a high score. This is more true for the TOEFL than it is for essays on other tests, like the GRE , because the TOEFL is really a test of communication and how well you can write in the English language.

Here are some examples of the “choose a side” Writing topics:

“Some would say it is more important to have an enjoyable job than to have a job with a high salary. Do you feel this is true or not true? Explain your thoughts using examples.”

“Opinion: It is better to have a low-stress job than a job with lots of responsibility. Do you hold this opinion, or disagree with it? In your essay, include supporting details.”

“Apartment buildings are the preferred living space for many people. But many individuals prefer living in a house. Which do you prefer ? Explain your thoughts using examples.”

“It could be argued that technology makes our lives easier and simpler. But there are certainly people who feel life has become more complicated due to modern inventions. Which opinion do you agree with? In your essay, include supporting details.”

“This week, your government announced plans to invest significant amounts of money in the exploration of outer space. Write an essay explaining why you are either for this new plan or against it. Explain your thoughts using examples.”

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Modern life is easier than life in the past. Use specific details and examples to support your answer.

Would you rather live in a large city or the countryside? Explain your choice, giving specific reasons and examples.

You might also get a slightly more complicated version of the “choose a side” prompt that asks you to compare sides, like these:

“Many workers change jobs a few times in their career. However, a number of workers instead do the same type of work throughout their career. Of these two career paths, which is a better option? In your essay, include supporting details.”

Which of these two is preferable for you: a high-paying job that you didn’t enjoy, or a lower-paying job that you did enjoy? Explain your reasoning, using specific reasons and examples.

Some students prefer to study many different subjects at once, while others prefer to focus on one topic at a time. Would you rather take a semester of classes in different subjects or a semester of classes in the same subject? Explain your choice, using specific reasons and examples.

In that case, you could still use the structure I showed above, but you would emphasize the contrasts with “B” and write a bit more about them.

Writing Topic Type 2: View Both Sides

This is very similar to the “choose a side” type of essay subject, but it’s a little bit more complicated because you have to think from two different standpoints. Thankfully, it’s also not as common.

Here are a couple of examples:

“Your family and friends are encouraging you to buy a new car. What are some benefits and downsides of purchasing a brand new vehicle? Explain your thoughts using examples.”

“What are some good things and bad things about remaining in your hometown as an adult? In your essay, include supporting details.”

There are a couple of different ways you might structure an essay like, but the simplest one may be the best.

• General statements about issue
• Advantages and examples
• Disadvantages and examples

Writing Topic Type 3: Describe or Explain

In a way, this is the most difficult type of Independent essay question because it doesn’t give you an A or B situation. Instead, you have to think of your own subject from a very big pool of possibilities.

“ If you could choose any place to live in the world, where would you live? Explain your thoughts using examples.”

“How was your grandparents’ life different than yours? In your essay, include supporting details.”

“ What is your favorite movie and why? In your essay, include supporting details.”

“What is your favorite place to visit near your home? Explain your thoughts using examples.”

Because these Writing topics don’t give you a yes-no or A-B choice, it’s easy to get stuck in the planning phase. (By the way, planning is incredibly important for writing any standardized test essay; don’t skip it!)

The structure doesn’t have to be very different, though. Here’s a rough idea of how you might organize a descriptive essay:

• Your choice/subject
• Reason 1 and examples
• Reason 2 and examples
• Reason 3 and examples

Notice I added one more body paragraph. Because there’s no “other side” to deal with, you have more time to explain the one topic you chose. So why not use that time for another paragraph!

This Is Only Half of TOEFL Writing (the Other Half is the Integrated Task)

Remember that the Independent essay is only half of the TOEFL Writing section. There’s also the integrated task . Although the TOEFL Integrated Writing Task is not the main focus of this post, let’s go through some basics of the first half of the TOEFL Writing section.

First off, know that TOEFL Writing Task 1 has a reading passage and a listening passage. The listening passage features part of a lecture. The speaker in the lecture will disagree with or challenge the claims in the reading. As you navigate the reading and listening for this first task, you don’t need to pay much attention to the written portion. The focus of your essay will be summarizing what the speaker said, so the reading is merely background information.

The context of the reading and speaking in TOEFL Integrated Writing tends to be based on the United States. So, for example, if you see a passage related to business or economics, any amount of money described would probably be in American dollars, and examples would involve American consumers or American companies. Still, other non-American contexts may come up. You could encounter a topic about an important influence on a European art movement, or deal with a science topic; science topics in this task are typically international or culturally neutral.

Want more help with TOEFL Integrated Writing? Magoosh has you covered! See our complete guide to the TOEFL Integrated Writing task , which includes a free TOEFL Integrated Writing practice task from Magoosh. And you can find a second free Magoosh TOEFL Integrated Writing practice task in our complete guide to TOEFL Writing samples .

Ready For Some Practice?

Sample essays are another great resource for practice. You can review sample TOEFL essays for both Independent Writing and Integrated Writing in the aforementioned Magoosh’s complete guide to TOEFL Writing samples and in our TOEFL Writing Templates . And partial or complete sample essays can also be found in the following posts:

Task 2 Sample Essays

• TOEFL Independent Writing: Unsupported Claims
• TOEFL Independent Writing: Correcting Disorganized Answers
• Examples of Counter-Arguments
• TOEFL Writing Task 2 Model Answer
• Prewriting for TOEFL Writing Task 2
• How to Use Transitions in Your Writing

Task 1 Sample Essays

• How to Revise TOEFL Writing
• Paraphrasing in TOEFL Integrated Writing
• The Complete Guide to TOEFL Integrated Writing

Last but certainly not least, I’ve written a quick summary of the best ways to practice TOEFL Writing . You can use that as a guide to tie all of your TOEFL Writing topic practice together!

Lucas is the teacher behind Magoosh TOEFL. He’s been teaching TOEFL preparation and more general English since 2009, and the SAT since 2008. Between his time at Bard College and teaching abroad, he has studied Japanese, Czech, and Korean. None of them come in handy, nowadays.

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64 responses to “TOEFL Writing Topics: Examples of TOEFL Independent Writing Topics”

Do you have a template for writing task 2 in TOEFL?

We don’t yet have any blog post fully explaining the structure of the independent writing task, but Kate has written some related articles:

https://magoosh.com/toefl/2013/writing-essay-introductions/ https://magoosh.com/toefl/2013/writing-a-five-paragraph-essay/ https://magoosh.com/toefl/2013/the-toefl-essay-structure/

Our more complete explanations of the independent writing task are only in our premium TOEFL product lesson videos at the moment. Check that out if you’re interested!

can u just tell me can i complete my prepration for toefel exam in one month by daily practicing 5 to 6 essays as per your suggestion?

Hi there. I wouldn’t recommend writing 5 or 6 essays daily, no—I’m not sure where that idea came from, but that’s too many essays and not enough review! You need to spend time looking at good essays, good structures, and useful phrases, and revise your own essays to be better. Writing many essays helps, but you have to analyze them. And preparing for the TOEFL is more than just writing essays. There’s also reading, listening, and speaking. 🙂

Does the essay in toefl exam come from the list given by ETS (containing 185 topics). Is it a good idea to prepare for the topics given beforehand????

Hi Deepali,

While it’s possible that the essay topic will come from that list, you may also get a topic from outside the list. It’s a good idea to read through it, but you definitely should not prepare for every topic on that list . That would take too long even if it was a complete list of possible topics—it would be over 90 hours of essay writing, just for one of the two essays! It’s more important to learn the general themes and write your practice essays using that list.

Thanks for this useful info. This will surely help me to organize my essay properly.

You’re welcome!

I have question regarding TOEFL ESSAY writing . I have given TOEFL test several tome to meet criteria for Pharmacy. Only problem is with my writing , i need 24 score, while i always get 22. I tried so hard and still trying. Please suggest me how i can improve my sscore.

That’s tough, Vandy! You’re so close! Well, there’s no single way to improve your writing score: there are a few different things that might help you, personally. Without knowing you much better than I can through blog comments, it would be hard for me to say. But you can definitely identify your own weak areas and what you need to work on! Here are a couple of posts that explain generally how you can practice for the test.

I really recommend reading a lot , too. The more you read, the better you can imitate native speakers in your writing. And pay careful attention to grammar when you read! The writing part of the TOEFL is time to let your grammar skills show. 🙂

Can u plz help me, how i can score in my reading section??? actually its too difficult for me and i dont know how to improve this. if you have any tips regarding READING SECTION plz help me out.

Absolutely! We have plenty of blog posts about the reading section which will help guide you through. 🙂

I think these posts will be especially helpful: https://magoosh.com/toefl/2013/lucas-takes-the-toefl/ https://magoosh.com/toefl/2014/synonyms-in-the-toefl-reading-section/ https://magoosh.com/toefl/2014/common-toefl-reading-difficulties/ https://magoosh.com/toefl/2014/identifying-the-main-ideas-in-toefl-reading-passages/

I really appreciate your help… Thanks Lucas..:)

The aftermath of the information that you provided was that it got me thinkng as to how would one clear the test if not into reading that much? I do not specifically mean only books and novels; though daily newspaper reading’s done. Would common way of speaking the language work in writing as well or does it have to be formal as always?

But for what its worth, that was some very useful content up there. Thank you for the information.

Hi Shreya! Daily reading is important, but make sure it’s formal or academic English. News articles are great as long as they’re from a reputable news source. Examples include BBC, NY Times, The Economist, and similar publications. Spoken language can definitely help, especially on the Listening and Speaking sections, but when it comes to Reading, academic English is important.

My toefl exam is after 2 weeks and i have not yet started to prepare for it.Would you please help me?How can i get a better score in such a less time?I need a great score. 🙁 And,now i am really in dilemma.Please,help me out!

Hi Rakshya,

Don’t panic! But it’s time to get to work. 🙂 First, buy a copy of the official guide. You will want that practice material. 🙂 Take a full test so you can find out your weaknesses. Then, spend the next two weeks trying to improve those weak areas (for example, speaking more fluently) by reading the relevant blog posts here at Magoosh. Keep practicing and keep reading more about how to best answer questions, and you’ll do your best on test day.

I never took the TOEFL experience before.. Well, I eager to learn english many more, so give me advice to take study hard day by day, actually my english is not bad, but sometimes i always feeling not confident to say with someone, can you show me some friends to share with me, and tell me how to speak better than now?

The most important thing to improve your English is simply experience. Your goal should be to speak, write, listen, and read in English as often as possible! The best way to improve confidence is to use English regularly. Check out this blog post for some helpful resources:

– https://magoosh.com/toefl/2014/best-free-toefl-resources/

And these posts gives some advice on improving your speaking for the TOEFL:

– https://magoosh.com/toefl/2013/toefl-speaking-practice/ – https://magoosh.com/toefl/2014/how-to-practice-toefl-speaking/

If you’re going to take the TOEFL, then Magoosh can help you learn the test. 🙂 Start reading our TOEFL blog regularly for more advice on improving your English and your TOEFL score.

Hi there. So I have a question regarding the whole choosing sides thing. Do I have to choose between options A or B or could I agree with both sides? My exam is tomorrow so it would be awesome if I could get a quick reply. Thanks!

I’m sorry we weren’t able to get back to you sooner! I hope your test went well. 🙂 In case you’re still wondering, though, it’s best to choose a side: the prompt asks you do make a decision, and your essay will be much clearer if you choose a single side. Trying to argue both sides often makes an essay hard to follow, and that hurts your score. It’s possible to write a good essay that considers both sides, but we don’t recommend it for the TOEFL.

Hello Lucas, Can you provide some sample essays that would get a 5 on writing? Thanks !

We don’t have many public samples of our own at the moment, but ETS provides free sample essays for all scores: https://www.ets.org/s/toefl/pdf/writing_practice_sets.pdf

I think those will help a bit!

Thanks Lucas!

Hello, my questions are about the independent task. It is possible to only have 4 paragraph essay with more then 350 words and still score very high? thanks in advance!!! very helpful site!!

It’s absolutely possible to score very high with only four full paragraphs in the essay! Your grade isn’t based on the number of paragraphs, but on how completely you answer the question and how well you communicate your line of reasoning. I actually advise most students to write 4-paragraph essays so that they can fully explain two reasons in the body of the essay, rather than rushing to explain three reasons and switching topics too quickly/unnaturally.

Hello, Lucas.

Do you think it is possible reaching the maximum score with an independent essay of four paragraphs?

I am really having difficulties with time management and I would like to know if I have to focus on practicing to write less words AND correctly rather than just writing a longer essay.

Hello Giovanna,

Very good question! According to the writing guide on the official TOEFL website ( https://www.ets.org/s/toefl/pdf/writing_practice_sets.pdf ), an independent essay usually needs at least 300 words to be “effective.” This means that essays of less than 300 words are less likely the maximum score. (But it’s not impossible!)

Word count is not the same as amount of paragraphs, of course. It’s possible for someone to write a five paragraph essay that only has about 250 words, a three paragraph essay that has 400 words, and so on.

In some cases, an essay with as little as three or even two paragraphs can receive good marks. Remember though, paragraphs help you organize your ideas and connect them to each other. More connections (rather than fewer connections) can help you create a better organized essay. TOEFL scorers like to see that.

To make sure you earn full points (or something close to it), carefully read the official TOEFL Independent Writing Task Rubric ( https://www.ets.org/Media/Tests/TOEFL/pdf/Independent_Writing_Rubrics_2008.pdf ). You’ll notice that the rubric itself doesn’t grade test takers on word count or number of paragraphs. But as you practice writing based on the rubric, you’ll find that a certain word count or certain number of paragraphs allows you to reach level 5 on the rubric. Some of this depends on your own writing style.

My practice essays are about 315-330 words. What can I so increase the length without diluting the content of my essay?

Length isn’t really a goal—it’s more important that you clearly explain all of the main ideas, using specific details and clear connections between thoughts. If you do that well, it’s possible that 315 words is enough. 🙂 Don’t focus on length; focus on explaining fully and clearly!

Hi Lucas, The link you provided on this blog for “a list of TOEFL independent essay questions” on ETS website is not working. Can you please provide the link here? I have Toefl in 2 weeks and need it asap. Thanks!

Actually, it appears that ETS has removed that link since Lucas originally wrote this post. Luckily, someone has archived the list publicly on Google Docs. 🙂 Link here:

https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B-EPRItMr6VtOGU4NzBiMjMtMmYzNi00YjBmLTkyZTUtY2FhMTljY2RhMTYx/edit

Thanks, David 🙂 Really helpful 🙂

I am mostly confused ,because some of the books are saying that it is okay to have 4 bp and some recommend have 5 bd. Which one is more acceptable on the test ?

I think by “BP” you mean body paragraphs—is that right? If it is, then nobody is correct or incorrect, really. The most important aspects of your essay are the number or shape of your paragraphs. We recommend 4 paragraphs for both essays: 1 intro and 3 body paragraphs for the integrated essay, and 1 intro, 2 body paragraphs, and one conclusion for the independent essay. But the independent essay could very easily be 5 paragraphs total, with 3 body paragraphs.

But again, the numbers aren’t the important thing. What’s more important is that within those paragraphs , you clearly explain the main idea of that paragraph and then support the main idea with details or examples. Making a clear statement and explaining is the key for TOEFL writing. That also means using clear, conventional language. That means correct vocabulary, clear grammar, and logical transitions.

It is possible to write too many or too few paragraphs, but only because of the EFFECT that those have—in a short paragraph, you don’t have enough room to fully explain your reasons. In a too-long paragraph, you run the risk of repeating yourself. Because TOEFL essays are short, it makes sense to use only a few paragraphs total, and focus instead on the content of those paragraphs. 🙂

Lucas, I think you’re awesome!

I teach Advanced English for a non-profit organization in Arkansas. One of the classes I teach is a TOEFL preparation class.

I just thought you should know you’re awesome and appreciated.

You sound pretty awesome yourself. 🙂 Thank you for the kind words, and I’m really glad to hear we’ve been helping!

i need some sample integrated writing questions, where can i find it?

Sample Integrated Writing tasks are definitely harder to find compared to Integrated writing ones. There are some out there though.

You’ll find two practice Integrated Writing questions in the TOEFL’s official Quick Prep practice sets, available online for free here . Unfortunately, the Integrated Writing task in Quick Prep Volume 1 has no audio— just a reading passage and a transcript of the related lecture.

A few other sources of Integrated Writing practice are available through ETS for a fee. Volumes one and two of Official TOEFL iBT Practice Tests contain a total of 10 Integrated Writing practice questions, as part of the 10 complete practice tests found in these two volumes. And there are 4 practice tests/4 Integrated Writing questions with audio in the Official Guide for the TOEFL. The OG also has one additional practice Integrated Writing question that is transcript only, no audio, like the one in Quick Prep Volume 1. You can purchase these and a few other TOEFL resources with Integrated Writing practice though the official materials catalog for the exam.

It’s also worth mentioning that we have one Integrated Writing practice task (with audio) here on the Magoosh TOEFL Blog. We even have a model answer for it. And of course, you can get many additional full Integrated Writing task questions with a Magoosh TOEFL subscription.

Hello Lucas, I’m currently preparing for TOEFL and I’m right now only focussing on the speaking section since I have to get good score on that. I’m very excited about the test though I feel it’s relatively harder than IELTS. I have taken IELTS and I have 7 band score in that. Now comes the question that I have from you, so basically I haven’t taken a date yet and I’ll most probably give my TOEFL in December because I want to be fully prepared and I want to do it in one go. I’m making smart strategies that works for me but still I feel I lack that confidence of talking to a machine (considering I like talking to a person more) I need you to provide me with some very common topics if you have any so I can constantly practice my speaking.

I’d suggest you read over our resources TOEFL Speaking Topics and TOEFL Speaking TIPS and PDF , which includes where to find practice questions and resources.

Happy studying! 😀

How can write complete essay in 30 min! It is very difficult

It definitely is difficult, Raed. Writing is one of the biggest challenges for many test-takers, but the writing section can be beat. One key skill is prewriting. You’ll want to get very comfortable with organizing your ideas and making outlines, so that you can do it quickly. And you’ll want to do some revision to organizaiton even while you write. (I’ve posted some additional thoughts on that here .

It also helps to strategize ways to minimize word count.Remember, ETS’s recommended length for Writing Task 1 (Integrated) is only 150 to 225 words. And their suggested length for Task 2 is 300 words. That’s really not that much. But the trick is learning to express your ideas within that word count, without having to revise and edit out extra stuff that you wrote.

In a nutshell, you’ll master the tricky skill of writing an essay in just 30 minutes if you can do the following:

1) Do all major prewriting in just the first few minutes. 2) Fall within the recommended word count on the first try, with no revisions. 3) Be able to edit for content as you write and shortly after you write.

I’ve been praticing TOEFL writing for a few weeks and had a native speaker review my essays for me. My reviewer’s pointed out a problem among my Independent essays which is that I don’t really choose a side sometimes on certain topics. For example, when I was asked to agree or disagree with the statement that “It is better to have broad knowledge of many academic subjects than to specialize in one specific subject”, I argued that diversification in knowledge and specialization in knowledge are simply different, sometimes overlapping, approaches to acquiring knowledge instead of being a rival to each other. My reviewer said he agrees with my essay, but he could only give me a C in regard to the criteria of the test since I didn’t really write in favor of a given side.

So my question is that: would it really harm my TOEFL writing score if I don’t choose a side, even when the essays are well reasoned and well organized?

Many thanks,

That is an excellent question, Lexi. It is definitely possible to get a good score by writing an essay in this way. Not choosing a side won’t automatically hurt your TOEFL score.

However, not choosing sides can still harm your TOEFL Writing score in another way. A more complicated opinion makes for a more complicated essay. And it’s harder to finish a more complicated essay– and do it truly well– in the time limit on the exam. Even if you can do a pretty good essay where you don’t take sides, a simpler essay where you do take sides can be written even more clearly and completely within the allotted time. Doing a simpler essay that focuses just on agreeing or disagreeing will leave you more time and energy to make good word choices, organize your ideas well, and check for mistakes at the end.

Of course, this may mean that you’ll need to write an opinion that isn’t truly yours. But as long as you’re comfortable doing that, taking a side is the best path to the highest score possible in TOEFL Independent Writing.

Aslam o alikum i just wanted to know how we can say specific sentences? what is specific sentences mean? and what is the different between specific and general sentences?

“Specific reasons and examples” (as they are described in TOEFL Writing topics) are pieces of evidence that reference unique ideas and evidence. Suppose, for example, that you answered this quesiton (seen in the post above): “It has recently been announced that a large shopping center may be built in your neighborhood. Do you support or oppose this plan? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer”

If you support the plan, you don’t want your evidence for why you support a shopping center to be too general. A very general support might be “I think this would be good for the neighborhood’s economy.” This is too general, because the statement doesn’t include the reasons why the shopping center would boost the economy. So if you make a general statement like this in your written response, you need to follow it up with more specific statements such as “The shopping center will require a lot of workers, and people in my neighborhood can get jobs and spend more money in the neighborhood.” This is a specific reason. You could follow that sentence up with “For example, the shopping center’s food court will probably have a lot of jobs that younger people can qualify for.” This is a specific example.

Thank you very much for all those useful informations! I have one question according to choise of words. Is it better to choose simple words or very professional words? Such as organization VS company, harm VS Damage etc…

On the TOEFL Writing section, more “formal” academic words can help boost your score. But what’s most important is vocabulary variety— little repetition of words, and word choices that are creative and appropriate to meaning and tone.

is it important to go through each and every part of grammar so as to excel in toefl writing.

Yes and no. You should certainly have good general grammar skill, and a fluency with all the most important parts of English grammar. But the TOEFL only takes away points for grammar mistakes if the mistakes are frequent and interfere with the reader’s ability to understand your writing.

hello there.in case i was faced with a topic im not familiar with or got nothing to say about,,how am i supposed to react???

This is a common problem on TOEFL Independent tasks. Our blog has already touched on this problem a little with TOEFL Independent Speaking rather than TOEFL Independent Writing. In general, the trick to doing well when you get an unfamiliar TOEFL Independent topic is learning how to think fast and have enough to say.

To build this skill, you need to practice going with the first idea that pops into your head when you’re presented with an unfamiliar subject. If you have no opinions or experiences of your own, you also need to get good at making stuff up— yes, it’s OK to lie on the TOEFL !

Above all, you should practice with as many TOEFL Independent Writing topics as you can. You don’t necessarily need to write out a full essay for every Independent Writing questions you look at. But you should be able to brainstorm ideas and come up with an outline for any topic, even an unfamiliar one. A good resource for drilling yourself in this skill is this list of 155 TOEFL Independent Writing topics . Go through that list, and selectively look for topics where you feel like you have nothing to say. Then, through practice, learn to think quickly and say something.

Hi! Would it be advisable to put titles in the essays? Since it s answering to a given question, I would feel it s needed, is.it? Tks a lot.

No, you definitely don’t need to add a title to your TOEFL essay. It’s not a requirement in the official TOEFL Writing rubrics . In addition, if your title is misspelled or confusing, that might actually hurt your score.

So I would avoid adding a title, to make a long story short. 🙂

My problem with independent writing that a lot of times my essays are very short because I am not too familiar with certain topics. For example – DO you think video games are beneficial or harmful to children. Explain your opinion/reasons. I personally have very minimal experience with video games, not too familiar with them. I never thought too much about this issue and as a result I do not have too much too say. How you would recommend to deal with a topic that is not very familiar to you, or if you do not have any particular opinion about? Thank you

When you say short, how long do you mean? The independent task really only needs to be ~300 words to be scored well. In any case, you can flesh out your points by adding examples or hypothetical situations to follow up your points. You can also imagine a counterpoint and refute it, giving your argument more length. 🙂

there are many templates explaining how to write independent writing in IBT but I find less examples or templates for first writing which related to passage and lecture , can you please provide some more information at this point as well?

Examples for TOEFL Writing Task 1 (Integrated) are less common because they’re a lot harder to make. And I should know, because I made a Writing Task one sample prompt and answer for this blog. 🙂

Here is the sample TOEFL Integrated Writing Task , along with its corresponding TOEFL Writing Task 1 sample response .

In addition to this, you can find more free, full TOEFL Integrated Writing sample tasks by using ETS TOEFL Quick Prep , as well as Magoosh’s additional unofficial audio for TOEFL Quick Prep Volume 1 and TOEFL Quick Prep Volume 2 .

Hi, is it possible that i can come up with a 3-5 polished paragraphs with in 20 minutes? Including the preparation and organization of thoughts? Because i am doubting myself, do you have any suggestions that i could do? Thanks!

Hi Wesselmie,

I know it sounds difficult, but it is absolutely possible to improve your writing and craft a strong essay in 20 minutes! The best thing you can do to improve is to write as much as possible. You should be writing in English every single day–this will allow you to build your writing skills and confidence so that the essay becomes easier 😀

If you want to practice writing in English, it helps to have material to respond to. So why not get reading or listening practice at the same time?

This blog pos t has some great resources to use for listening or reading practice that’s similar to TOEFL material.

After listening to a presentation in English or reading an article from an English news site, summarize it in writing. Summarizing is an incredibly important skill for the TOEFL. Try to write as much as possible, and be very careful to use your own words. DO NOT COPY ANYTHING from the original text or presentation—instead, use synonyms and different sentence structures to convey the same information. Ideally, after reading or listening, you won’t go back to the material at all. Instead, you will only write what you remember (taking notes is a good idea!).

And you can go beyond just summarizing! Write reaction paragraphs, too. Act like you are writing back to the author or speaker with your opinion on the topic, although you are not really talking to them.

When you finish writing a response, save it for later. You should always come back to your writing a week later (or more), and edit it. Be very careful with the grammar when you edit, and add extra sentences that you need to make it clearer. Then, if you have the time, it can be a great help to write the same response (or essay) again a second time, with all of your edits in mind. 🙂

And check our the entire writing section of our blog for more tips and ideas for how to improve!

Hello, Can you please help me with some useful tips on all the four sections of toefl.. Now it is just a weeks’ time for my examination and i am not understanding what to excatly focus on and put my efforts into.

I am using magoosh for my prepartion, of vocabulary, speaking, listening to audios & watching videos..

Thank you..

I recommend that you check out our 2 week TOEFL Study Schedule. You may not have time to complete all of it, but it will give you a good idea of what you should focus on in your last week. I recommend that you take a practice test, analyze your answers and performance, and then do some targeted review to ensure that you have a basic understanding of the methods and strategy for each section of the test. Good luck!

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Toefl Essay Topics

All of the topics we’ll list out in this article are included in the Official Guide to the TOEFL (fourth edition). The Official Guide to the TOEFL is a book that enjoys a distinguished reputation. In our opinion, anyone who wants to take this exam should get their hands on it! That said, take a look at our list of questions for the TOEFL.

• Question no. 1 In our modern society, due to the overwhelming utilization of the internet, it is much easier for us to acquire information in comparison to the previous generations. In which way does this expand the accessibility of data? How does this impact our everyday existence?
• Question no. 2 A large number of students feel more excited about classes in which they can openly talk to the teacher, and the lectures are at a minimum. On the other hand, some students believe that a class that includes more lectures and less open discussions is a better idea. In your opinion, which of the two alternatives is the best? To substantiate your response, utilize precise motivations and instances.
• Question no. 3 Take a look at the following assertion: Research is better conducted by utilizing printed sources, like publications or articles, rather than internet websites. Do you approve or disapprove of such judgment? To substantiate your response, utilize precise motivations and instances.
• Question no. 4 Take a look at the following assertion: grades urge students to study. Do you approve or disapprove of this? To advocate your point of view, make use of precise motivations and instances.
• Question no. 5 The individuals who live in our proximity are referred to as neighbors. From your perspective, what are the traits that define a good neighbor? When providing your response, utilize precise details and instances.
• Question no. 6 Do you believe that people who reside in North America have become too reliant on cars for locomotion?
• Question no. 7 Imagine that you have the possibility of staying abroad of your own choice for a period of 2 weeks. Which foreign state would you prefer traveling to? To justify your option, offer precise motivations and details.
• Question no. 8 While some individuals prefer traveling with other people, others enjoy traveling by themselves. Into which category do you fall? To justify your option, make use of precise motivations and instances.
• Question no. 9 Think of the following situation: A firm needs to choose between spending a certain amount of money on supporting artists and allocating those funds to environmental protection. In your opinion, which of the two alternatives should the firm opt for? To substantiate your response, utilize precise motivations and instances.
• Question no. 10 What is your strategy when it comes to fixing issues? In what way does this accomplish the desired results? To substantiate your answer, utilize precise details.
• Question no. 11 Make a comparison and pinpoint the similarities and differences between your lifestyle and that of your parents. In your opinion, which of the two lifestyles would be more gratifying for the generations to come?
• Question no. 12 As a rule, nowadays humans have lengthier lives. Talk about the factors that generate this phenomenon. When drafting your paper, utilize precise motivations and details.
• Question no. 13 Some people prefer spending their money on things they like right after they receive it, while others think it’s a better idea to save it for the future. In your opinion, which of the two is the best approach? To substantiate your perspective, utilize particular motivations and details.
• Question no. 14 Individuals become college or university students due to a lot of distinct motives (for instance, to experience new things, to train for a career or to gain new skills). In your opinion, what is the reason for which individuals become students?
• Question no. 15 In what way are one's actions shaped by films or TV shows? To substantiate your response, utilize motivations and precise instances.
• Question no. 16 What significant aspect regarding your hometown would you like to change, provided that you had that possibility? To substantiate your response, make use of motivations and precise instances.
• Question no. 17 Ponder on the following assertion: The popularization of television is responsible for ruining communication between people. Do you approve or disapprove of such judgment? To substantiate your perspective, utilize precise motivations and instances.
• Question no. 18 While some individuals wish to reside in a tiny settlement, others enjoy big city life the most. Into which category do you fall? To substantiate your response, utilize precise motivations and details.
• Question no. 19 Take a look at the following statement: Humans can only be successful as a result of hard work. Success cannot be achieved by luck. Do you approve or disapprove of this idea? To justify your standpoint, make use of precise motivations and instances.
• Question no. 20 Take a look at the following assertion: Colleges ought to allocate the same percentage of their funds to sports activities as they grant their college libraries. Do you approve or disapprove of the statement? To substantiate your viewpoint, utilize precise motivations and examples.
• Question no. 21 A lot of individuals go to museums every time they find themselves in new locations. In your opinion, what are the reasons why people like museums? To substantiate your response, utilize precise motivations and instances.
• Question no. 22 Do you approve or do you disapprove of the following statement? It is preferable to raise kids in a village, rather than in a large urban area. When drafting your paper, utilize precise motivations and instances.
• Question no. 23 A large number of individuals think that our endeavors are destroying our planet. On the other hand, others believe that our endeavors are on the whole beneficial to our planet. Which of the two standpoints do you embrace? To substantiate your response, make use of particular motivations and instances.
• Question no. 24 People usually get jobs because they require money to sustain themselves. Can you identify other motives for which individuals get jobs? Talk about one or more of these motives. To substantiate your response, utilize precise instances and details.
• Question no. 25 People engage in a lot of distinct actions to preserve their health. What actions do you undertake to stay healthy? To substantiate your response, utilize precise motivations and instances.
• Question no. 26 Imagine the following scenario: you have recently found out that a big mall may be constructed in your district. Do you approve of this project or do you not? Explain why, and utilize precise motivations and details to substantiate your response.
• Question no. 27 While some students find it better to study with other people, others are more productive when they study by themselves. Which of the two perspectives do you adopt? To justify your response, use precise motivations and instances.
• Question no. 28 While some individuals enjoy dining out at restaurants or fast food joints, others feel better when they cook and eat their own meals at home. Which of the two categories do you fall under? To substantiate your response, utilize precise motivations and instances.
• Question no. 29 While some individuals think that class attendance ought to be mandatory for college students, others share the belief that it ought to be facultative. Which of the two viewpoints do you embrace? To justify your response, utilize precise motivations and details.
• Question no. 30 A large number of individuals believe that studying is best done alone as opposed to having a professor. On the other hand, other people think that studying with a professor is a much better idea. Which of the two points of view do you agree with? When drafting your paper, make use of precise motivations.
• Question no. 31 In your opinion, which would be some of the most significant traits that a good overseer (employer) should have? To justify the significance of these traits, utilize precise details and instances.
• Question no. 32 As a rule, humans enjoy longer lives nowadays. Talk about the reasons behind this. Utilize particular motivations and details in your paper (second version).
• Question no. 33 When we get a job, we inevitably need to collaborate with a lot of distinct types of individuals. From your point of view, what are the most significant traits a work colleague (a person you collaborate closely with) should possess? To justify the significance of these traits, use motivations and precise instances.
• Question no. 34 Take a look at the following assertion: In two decades, people will own a smaller number of vehicles than they do today. Do you approve or disapprove of this opinion?
• Question no. 35 Take a look at the following assertion: nowadays humans tend to spend more time on entertaining themselves rather than doing what needs to be done. Do you approve or disapprove of this statement?
• Question no. 36 Take a look at the following assertion: Life nowadays is considerably simpler and more pleasant in comparison to the lives our grandparents had when they were young. Do you approve or disapprove of this statement?
• Question no. 37 Take a look at the following assertion: We can draw more valuable lessons from individuals who are at a superior level compared to us (such as professors) than from our peers. Do you approve or disapprove of this statement?
• Question no. 38 Take a look at the following assertion: One should never adopt a significant measure by themselves. Do you approve or disapprove of this opinion?
• Question no. 39 Consider the following situation: you have recently found out that a new restaurant may be constructed somewhere in your area. Do you approve or disapprove of this? Explain your viewpoint and utilize precise motivations and details to substantiate your response.
• Question no. 40 Take a look at the following assertion: In some situations, it is preferable to lie. Do you approve or disapprove of this statement? To substantiate your response, use precise motivations and details.

• Causal Essay Topics
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• Research Paper Topics
• A Complete Guide To Proofreading For Beginners
• Splendid Ideas for Extended Essay Topics

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List of Common TOEFL Writing Topics 2024

Common TOEFL Writing Topics: Mastering the TOEFL Writing section is crucial for achieving a high score. This section comprises two types of essays, and candidates are allotted 50 minutes to complete both tasks. Practicing these essay types can significantly boost your writing skills and readiness for the exam. The essay topics span a variety of subjects such as technology, education, social media, family, and cell phones.

By familiarizing yourself with these common TOEFL writing topics , you can enhance your ability to effectively respond to prompts and instructions, ultimately improving your overall TOEFL performance.

Table of Content

Types of Different TOEFL Writing Topics

Basic structure of an integrated writing prompt, approaches to toefl integrated writing task, basic structure of an independent writing prompt, approaches to toefl independent writing task, list of common agree/disagree toefl writing topics for 2024, toefl essay question types – description, list of common mutiple-choice style toefl writing topics for 2024, list of common preference style toefl writing topics for 2024.

There are two types of TOEFL writing including the Integrated Writing Task and the Independent Writing Task. In the Integrated Writing Task, you will get 20 minutes and for the Independent Writing Task, you will have 30 minutes to write the content. The whole writing segment consists of 50 minutes. There are some basic domains in which the ETS sets the questions for both of these segments as mentioned below.

TOEFL Independent Writing Topics	TOEFL Integrated Writing Topics
History	Child development
Environment	Digital advancements
Health	Culture
Science and Technology	Employment
Economy	Technology
Political issues	Print or Online
Current affairs	City or Countryside

Solve Free TOEFL Practice Papers:

There is a basic structure of Integrated Writing in TOEFL. You need to follow that structure to construct an article which will make you able to get high points.

Here is the structure for the Integrated Writing Topics as mentioned below. 

Integrated Writing – Task Segments	Related Tips To Be Followed
Introduction	Give a general statement by mixing the core idea of the paragraph you read and the audio you listened to. In the introduction, you need to mention the major relations between these two. Mention in the last line of the introduction that you are going to discuss further parts of the writing in brief.
Body	The whole body should be divided and structured into three paragraphs where you need to describe the core ideas you gain from the paragraph and audio. You need to know the basic paraphrasing skills to do that as well. Paragraph 1: You need to paraphrase the first points of the lecture. This part will contain the lecture and ideas of the professor. You should compare the ideas and contrast them with the reading passage. Give some supportive logic and proper examples to balance the lecture points in paragraph 1. Paragraph 2: You need to paraphrase the second part of the lecture into it. Follow the same process as you have done in the paragraph 1. Supportive logic and examples are necessary also here. Paragraph 3: Paraphrase the lecture points to narrate the third point mentioned there. Follow the same process and give proper reasons and examples to balance them both.
Conclusion	You need to jot down the whole idea and issues here. Give a summary of the whole writing in this. It is important to state the last line where you show the examiner that you have established a valuable and meaningful relation between the audio clip and the given paragraph.

Read More: TOEFL Integrated Writing

Expert Tips For Both Integrated Writing Task and Independent Writing Task in TOEFL:

• Always be careful with the “Oxford Comma”.
• Do not break some particular words specifically the auxiliary verbs. Use “Don’t” not “Do Not”. It will decrease your score.
• Try to write meaningful complex sentences and compound sentences.
• Use more connecting words as much as you can but sentences have to be meaningful.
• Do not use the simple sentences too much. It will decrease the quality and score as well.
• Try to write in a single tense throughout.
• Avoid using passive voice.

Read More: TOEFL Independent Writing

TOEFL Integrated Writing Task tests your listening, reading, and writing skills in a composed way. You only get 5 minutes to read and listen to the source of the Integrated Writing Task. The most simple way to solve the problem, you need to take notes during the time of reading and listening. Add only necessary and valuable points in your note. We have already discussed the skeleton of the Integrated Writing Task for your reference. During the data collection period, you can follow some steps as mentioned below.

• Find the process on which you can rely on. Try to take some notes more or less about what works for you.
• To save some time, you can make bullet points to take notes.
• Practice writing the essay in 15 minutes. Last 5 minutes you will be able to check the grammar error as well.

There is a basic structure of Independent Writing in TOEFL. You need to follow that structure to construct an article which will make you able to get high points. To make your writing more visible and understandable to the examiner you need to break the writing into three different parts i.e. introduction, the body, and the conclusion as same as the previous one. But Independent Writing structure for TOEFL is bit different.

Here is the structure for the Independent Writing Topics as mentioned below. 

Independent Writing – Task Segment	Related Tips To Be Followed
Introduction	You need to paraphrase the topic line in an interesting way to create the introduction. You need to give a glance at your personal argument in the second line by elaborating on the particular idea. You have to represent your idea by giving a perspective to give the whole topic a smooth transition to the real discussion.
Body	You need to write two to three paragraphs on that certain topic in the body of the writing. You need to describe the matter first and then you need to blend your personal opinion into it. Transitional sentences and good examples are needed to portray your personal experience. Or else it will create a mess in which they will find so many gaps as well. Use the proper example to narrate the topic line that aligns with your opinion. Do not give that type of example which is not in balance with the topic. Simply write the supporting reasons. It is the only place where you can use simple sentences for 2 to 3 lines.
Conclusion	Your conclusion should be short and simple. Specifically, it needs to be a clear paragraph. No need to mention the major points or logic here to satisfy or argue the theory. Just write what is your opinion with two short reasons to back the core idea.

Read More: TOEFL Writing Templates

TOEFL Independent Writing Task is an opinion-based writing where you have to write on one topic only. The word count of the task is 300-500 words. There are mainly three types of questions you will find on the exam day as mentioned below.

Agree or Disagree

You need to pick a single side of the particular issue that is given as a topic. Then you need to justify with logic and an example of why you support your argument.

Explaining The Both Sides

In this section, you need to explain both sides by mentioning the advantages and disadvantages of each side. You need to give proper opinions and supportive sentences to explain each side as well.

Pick From Many Opinions or MCQ

In this section, candidates have to choose the correct answers from the different answers which are probably wrong.

Here are the list of most common Agree/Disagree TOEFL Writing Topics as mentioned below.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should be given a modest weekly allowance for doing household chores. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. Do not use memorized examples. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Video games are great ways to help children learn creativity. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. Do not use memorized examples. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Completing writing projects are more beneficial for students than taking multiple-choice exams. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. Do not use memorized examples. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Consumers should be forced to buy electric-powered vehicles. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. Do not use memorized examples. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students should be given more options to learn in groups. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. Do not use memorized examples. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should consult with their parents when they are choosing a major in college. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. Do not use memorized examples. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Remote learning using techologies such as Zoom is just as effectice as in-person classroom learning. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. Do not use memorized examples. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People who toss trash out their car windows should be fined at least $500. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. Do not use memorized examples. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should be encouraged to play sports such as soccer and basketball. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. Do not use memorized examples.

Read More: TOEFL Writing Topics

• In your opinion, what is the most important characteristic (for example, honesty, intelligence, a sense of humor) that a person can have to be successful in life? Use specific reasons and examples from your experience to explain your answer. When you write your answer, you are not limited to the examples listed in the question.
• If you were asked to send one thing representing your country to an international exhibition, what would you choose? Why? Use specific reasons and details to explain your choice.
• Your city has decided to build a statue or monument to honor a famous person in your country. Who would you choose? Use reasons and specific examples to support your choice.
• Describe a custom from your country that you would like people from other countries to adopt. Explain your choice, using specific reasons and examples.
• A foreign visitor has only one day to spend in your country. Where should this visitor go on that day? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice.
• If you could go back to some time and place in the past, when and where would you go? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice.
• What discovery in the last 100 years has been most beneficial for people in your country? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.
• Many students have to live with roommates while going to school or university. What are some of the important qualities of a good roommate? Use specific reasons and examples to explain why these qualities are important.

Here are the list of most common Mutiple-Choice Style TOEFL Writing Topics as mentioned below.

Which of the following employee attributes are most important? Workers should be able to get along well with others. Workers who are honest will make the most contributions. Workers need to always show up on time and should never leave early. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. Do not use memorized examples. Which of the following are most important when choosing a house? Close to where you work Near where your children attend school In a safe neighborhood away from the city Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. Do not use memorized examples. Which of the following is most important when deciding on a university? An international reputation for research and teaching A reasonably priced institution that will not indebt its study body One which is located near a pristine beach Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. Do not use memorized examples. Which of the following is most important for someone suffering from depression? Having an affectionate pet such as a dog or cat Being able to interact with friends and family members regularly Having accurately prescribed medication to treat the mental illness Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. Do not use memorized examples. Which of the following is the most important part in maintaining an orderly society? A robust police department which builds relationships of trust with the public Having well-funded educational systems with trained and knowledgeable teachers Creating an environment in which churches have well-attended services Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. Do not use memorized examples. Which of the following is most important in having an environmentally-friendly city? A city with a public transportation system so extensive that private cars are not needed A city which requires all residences to use solar power for at least 80% of their energy needs City whose residences are required to recycle at least 50% of all water used. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. Do not use memorized examples. Which of the following is the most healthy part of a person’s lifestyle? Continuous cardiovascular exercise for 45 minutes daily 5 days a week Eating an adundance of fresh vegetables and fruits Getting 8-9 hours of deep sleep nightly Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. Do not use memorized examples. Who would you most likely fire if you were the CEO of a large company? An employee who often arrives late Someone who argues a lot with other co-workers A worker who doesn’t commplete his job tasks competently

Here are the list of most common Preference Style TOEFL Writing Topics as mentioned below.

Computers are becoming more and more acceptable as tools that educators are using in classrooms. Some believe that this type of technology is useful for student learning. Others, on the other hand, believe that computers are not a required part of student learning. Which view do you support? Use reasons and examples to support your point of view. Make sure that you do NOT use memorized examples. Some believe that food is becoming more and more scarce. Therefore, international laws should be passed that limit couples to having only one child. Others, on the other hand, believe that there will always be plenty of food for the world’s population. As a result, no laws are needed to restrict wordwide population growth. Which view do you support? Use reasons and examples to support your point of view. Make sure that you do NOT use memorized examples. Some believe that all types of plastic should be banned since much of this material ends up polluting our oceans. Others, on the other hand, believe plastic should not be banned since it is an essential material. Which view do you support? Use reasons and examples to support your point of view. Make sure that you do NOT use memorized examples. Some believe consumers should have vegetarian diets. Others, on the other hand, believe that these people should also eat meat in addition to healthy amounts of fruits and vegetables. Which view do you support? Use reasons and examples to support your point of view. Make sure that you do NOT use memorized examples. Some believe that success mostly depends on how hard someone works to achieve his goals. Others, on the other hand, believe that luck plays an important role in whether or not someone succeeds in life. Which view do you support? Use reasons and examples to support your point of view. Make sure that you do NOT use memorized examples. Some believe that it is proper etiquette to kiss someone on a first date. Others, on the other hand, believe that a couple should not kiss the first time that they go out together. Which view do you support? Use reasons and examples to support your point of view. Make sure that you do NOT use memorized examples.

List of Common TOEFL Writing Topics- FAQs

What are the most common topics for toefl.

TOEFL Reading Topics covers a wide range of academic subjects, including science, social science, humanities, and current events. While the exact reading topics for TOEFL can vary, common areas include astronomy, biology, chemistry, geology, medicine, and physics.

Is TOEFL writing difficult?

The TOEFL writing section may be considered challenging due to the requirement of presenting well-organized ideas within a limited timeframe. Practice is key to improving your writing skills.

What is most difficult in TOEFL?

Although the level of difficulty varies from person to person, the Speaking section is frequently mentioned as the most difficult part of the test, along with the Writing section. The TOEFL iBT Speaking section requires more than just language skills.

Is TOEFL easy for Indian students?

The average overall TOEFL score in India is pretty high compared to many other countries in the world. The average TOEFL score in India is 91 out of 120. The average score of each section is as follows: Reading = 22.

How to score 30 in TOEFL writing?

On both of the Writing tasks, you should use grammar structures and vocabulary you are familiar and confident with. So, if you are not sure how to spell a certain word, don’t use it. Think of a synonym that you can spell correctly. If you are unsure about the grammar structure in your sentence, don’t use it.

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TOEFL Essay Question Types –  Agree or Disagree

The lists of Agree or Disagree TOEFL Independent Writing topics below will help you prepare for this type of question on your exam. Look at questions in the following four categories as well, to be prepared for all the types of TOEFL essays.

• Description / Explanation
• If / Imaginary
• Compare & Contrast

1) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People are never satisfied with what they have; they always want something more or something different. Use specific reasons to support your answer.

2) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should read  only  those books that are about real events, real people, and established facts. Use specific reasons and details to support your opinion.

3) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important for students to study history and literature than it is for them to study science and mathematics. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

4) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? All students should be required to study art and music in secondary school. Use specific reasons to support your answer.

5) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? There is nothing that young people can teach older people. Use specific reasons and examples to support your position.

6) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Reading fiction (such as novels and short stories) is more enjoyable than watching movies. Use specific reasons and examples to explain your position.

7) Some young children spend a great amount of their time practicing sports. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

8) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?  Only  people who earn a lot of money are successful. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

9) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A person’s childhood years (the time from birth to twelve years of age) are the most important years of a person’s life. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

10) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should be required to help with household tasks as soon as they are able to do so. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

11) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Playing a game is fun only when you win. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

12) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? High schools should allow students to study the courses that students want to study. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

13) Decisions can be made quickly, or they can be made after careful thought. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The decisions that people make quickly are always wrong. Use reasons and specific examples to support your opinion.

14) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People behave differently when they wear different clothes. Do you agree that different clothes influence the way people behave? Use specific xamples to support your answer.

15) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

16) Schools should ask students to evaluate their teachers. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

17) “When people succeed, it is because of hard work. Luck has nothing to do with success.” Do you agree or disagree with the quotation above? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your position.

18) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Universities should give the same amount of money to their students’ sports activities as they give to their university libraries. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

19) It is better for children to grow up in the countryside than in a big city. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to develop your essay.

20) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should sometimes do things that they do  not  enjoy doing. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

SKILLS 21) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television, newspapers, magazines, and other media pay too much attention to the personal lives of famous people such as public figures and celebrities. Use specific reasons and details to explain your opinion.

22) Businesses should hire employees for their entire lives. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

23) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Attending a live performance (for example, a play, concert, or sporting event) is more enjoyable than watching the same event on television. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

24) Do you agree or disagree that progress is always good? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

25) Learning about the past has no value for those of us living in the present. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

26) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? With the help of technology, students nowadays can learn more information and learn it more quickly. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

27) The expression “Never, never give up” means to keep trying and never stop working for your goals. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

28) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Face-to-face communication is better than other types of communication, such as letters, email, or telephone calls. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

29) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important aspect of a job is the money a person earns. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

30) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? One should never judge a person by external appearances. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

31) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A person should never make an important decision alone. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

32) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Games are as important for adults as they are for children. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

33) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents or other adult relatives should make important decisions for their older (15 to 18 year-old) teenage children. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

34) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Most experiences in our lives that seemed difficult at the time become valuable lessons for the future. Use reasons and specific examples to support our answer.

35) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Classmates are a more important influence than parents on a child’s success in school. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

36) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

37) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should begin learning a foreign language as soon as they start school. Use specific reasons and examples to support your position.

38) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Boys and girls should attend separate schools. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

39) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Technology has made the world a better place to live. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

40) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Advertising can tell you a lot about a country. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

41) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Modern technology is creating a single world culture. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

42) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Modern technology is creating a single world culture. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

43) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Telephones and email have made communication between people less personal. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

44) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Dancing plays an important role in a culture. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

45) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Teachers should be paid according to how much their students learn. Give specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

46) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to be a member of a group than to be the leader of a group. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

47) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Playing games teaches us about life. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

48) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Watching television is bad for children. Use specific details and examples to support your answer.

49) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A zoo has no useful purpose. Use specific reasons and examples to explain your answer.

50) It is sometimes said that borrowing money from a friend can harm or damage the friendship. Do you agree? Why or why not? Use reasons and specific examples to explain your answer.

1. TOEFL BASICS

Toefl overview.

• TOEFL Exam Details
• Registration
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TOEFL iBT Format

2. toefl skills, primary skills.

• Reading Skills
• Listening Skills
• Speaking Skills
• Speaking Tips
• Free TOEFL Speaking Samples
• Writing Skills
• Free Sample TOEFL Essays
• TOEFL Writing Topics

Secondary Skills

• Pronunciation

Support Skills

• Summarizing
• Paraphrasing
• Mind Mapping
• Synthesizing

3. TOEFL RESOURCES

Toefl books, in-class training.

• TOEFL Prep Centres
• ESL Schools

Online Training

Studying toefl abroad, 4. attitude, test anxiety.

• Types of Anxiety
• Causes of Anxiety
• Symptoms of Anxiety
• Reducing Anxiety

5. TOEFL Videos

6. toefl blog.

TOEFL iBT ®

The premier test of academic English communication

Learn more by selecting any step in your TOEFL iBT ®  journey.

TOEFL iBT Test Writing Section

The TOEFL iBT test Writing section measures your ability to write in English in an academic setting, and to present your ideas in a clear, well-organized way.

There are two writing tasks.

• Integrated writing task (20 minutes) — read a short passage and listen to a short lecture, then write in response to what you read and listened to.
• Writing for an Academic Discussion task (10 minutes) — state and support an opinion in an online classroom discussion.

You'll type your responses on a computer keyboard.

Test time:  It should take about 29 minutes to complete the Writing section.

Scoring: Writing tasks are scored based on the  Writing Scoring Guides (Rubrics) (PDF)  by a combination of AI scoring and certified human raters. Raw scores are converted to a scaled section score of 0–30.

Practice Your Writing Skills

Explore a variety of official prep offerings to practice your English-writing skills with TOEFL ® TestReady ™ . Get insights and feedback on your grammar, usage, mechanics and more.

Writing videos

Watch these videos to learn about the questions in the Writing section, plus helpful tips.

Question 1: Integrated Writing

Read a passage and listen to a lecture. Then write a response comparing them.

View Transcript

Question 2: Writing for an Academic Discussion

Share your opinion in an online discussion with a professor and other students.

Do you need to be an expert on the topics?

The writing tasks measure your English proficiency, so you don't need deep knowledge on a specific topic to get a high score. Score raters recognize that each essay is a first draft, and you can receive a high score with an essay that contains some errors.

Enjoy this post? Rate it!

8 TOEFL essay topics to prepare for the TOEFL exam

Worried about your performance in the toefl writing section follow the instructions, tips, and methods in this blog, and practice on one of the 10 toefl essay topics to nail your exam., table of contents, what is the toefl writing section, 5 authentic tips on how to ace the toefl independent writing question.

• Sample TOEFL essay topics 

Part 2: The Integrated Writing task

How to nail the toefl integrated writing question, any last-minute tips.

A lot of students find the Reading, Listening, and Speaking sections of the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) exam fairly easy. It’s the TOEFL Writing section that gives everybody a run for the woods. To reduce your nervousness and help you prepare for the TOEFL Writing section, I have included in-depth details about each question and shared tips on how to nail it. Along with that, you will also find 8 TOEFL essay topics to help you get started. So, what are you waiting for? Dive in!

The fourth and the last section of the TOEFL exam, the Writing Section measures your ability to write in English at a university level. Its aim is to test how you structure your thoughts and see if you can present them clearly (without any grammatical mistakes).

The Writing Section of TOEFL takes 50 minutes to complete and comprises of 2 questions-

• Independent Writing task, which takes 30 minutes
• Integrated Writing task, which takes 20 minutes

While the Independent task tests your ability to organize your thoughts and express them, the Integrated task focuses on how well you can use English in class.

Let’s take a look at them one by one.

Part 1: The Independent Writing task

For this task, you will be asked a question on a personal topic or an issue. Depending on what the question is, you will either have to share a personal experience or give your opinion on the topic. In case it’s an issue-based topic, you will also have to give reasons and examples that support your opinion.

The question you will get will fall into one of these three broad categories-

• Agree or Disagree – pick one side on the issue and provide arguments that support it
• Explain both sides – talk about the advantages and disadvantages of both the sides of an issue, express your opinion, and support it with arguments
• Pick from many opinions – choose one answer from several possible ones and share examples that support your opinion

The first two appear more commonly in exams than the third.

But no matter what the question or the question type, I have a one-stop solution for you (so excited to share this)!

1) Let’s dive straight into it – the first thing you need to do is structure your essay. And this is something you can (and should) do even before the exam begins.

2) Choose to have a limited number of paras. Start by stating the topic and your opinion, use the second and the third paragraphs to support your opinion with 2 strong points. Use examples to support these points if needed.

3) In the fourth paragraph, acknowledge that your opinion is not perfect (because it’s an opinion and not fact) and talk about the strengths of the opinion you did not pick.

4) Use the fifth paragraph to say that even though the other side has its own advantages, you prefer yours. This is a good place to add a third point in favor of your own argument.

5) Conclude with the sixth paragraph by tying up everything you have said so far and restate your opinion.

There! The perfect structure to nail your TOEFL Independent Writing task.

A few things to keep in mind-

• Do not limit your essay to 300 words, try to reach 600-700 words if possible
• Spend the first 2 minutes to come up with 3 strong points to support your argument
• In case you don’t get enough time, skip the suggestion for the third paragraph and save yourself a few minutes
• Finish writing your essay in 25 minutes and spend the last 5 minutes checking for any grammatical errors

Sample TOEFL essay topics  

Now that you know how to go about the Independent Writing task and have also looked at a sample answer, it’s time to practice with some TOEFL Writing samples!

I’m sharing a few TOEFL essay topics given by ETS (the official TOEFL test-takers) for you to choose from-

• Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? When people succeed, it is entirely because of hard work. Luck has nothing to do with their success. Use specific reasons and examples to explain your position.
• Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Human activity is making the earth a worse place to live. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
• When you face a difficult problem in life, what do you feel is the best way to solve it? -asking someone with more experience for advice about the problem  -finding information about the problem using the Internet  -taking a long time to think about the problem Use specific details and examples in your answer.  Do not use memorized examples. 
• Some people like to travel with a companion. Other people prefer to travel alone. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.
• It is important to improve our skills and knowledge as much as possible. Some people prefer to learn from individuals who have more experience than they do – like teachers and supervisors – instead of learning from peers, like their colleagues and classmates.  Do you think this is a good idea? Why or why not?
• Television advertising directed toward young children (aged two to five) should not be allowed.  
• Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? ‘A teacher’s ability to relate well with students is more important than excellent knowledge of the subject being taught.’ Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 

For this task, you will have to read a short passage, listen to a 2-minute lecture about the same topic, and write a response to what you read and listened to.

The question tests your listening, reading, and writing chops and evaluates how you would do in a real classroom. So, answer it in a way that includes the content of both the passage and the audio recording.

Here, you do not need to provide an opinion. You just have to summarize what you learned from the essay and the recording. And while you will have the passage in front of you as you write the answer, you will not be able to listen to the audio recording again. But this should not affect you in any way. Let’s see why.

The ideal way to solve this problem is to take notes. Start by reading the passage, slowly. Since it’s a short passage, the amount of time allotted will be more than enough. As you read each para, write down one sentence (of 4-5 words) describing what you learned from that paragraph. Do this for the entire passage.

When you’re listening to the audio, again make notes. Write down the primary points leading the argument in the recording.

When it’s time to start writing, take a few seconds. Collate all your points and structure your answer.

Split it into 4 paragraphs. Use the first para to state the topic, and the second one to talk about what the passage states. In the third paragraph, use points from the audio recording. And conclude with a sentence or two in the fourth para.

That’s it – you’ll have close to 250 to 300 words and you’ll have presented a clear, concise answer!

• Find what works for you – writing more notes, or less
• To save time while making notes, don’t write sentences but one-worded points
• Finish writing your essay in 15 minutes and spend the last 5 minutes checking for any grammatical errors

Integrated Writing TOEFL essay topics

Here are TOEFL essay topics I borrowed from ETS, the official TOEFL test-takers-

Give yourself 3 minutes to read the passage.

Reading Time: 3 minutes

In an effort to encourage ecologically sustainable forestry practices, an international organization started issuing certifications to wood companies that meet high ecological standards by conserving resources and recycling materials. Companies that receive this certification can attract customers by advertising their products as “ecocertified.” Around the world, many wood companies have adopted new, ecologically friendly practices in order to receive ecocertification. However, it is unlikely that wood companies in the United States will do the same, for several reasons.

First, American consumers are exposed to so much advertising that they would not value or even pay attention to the ecocertification label. Because so many mediocre products are labeled “new” or “improved,” American consumers do not place much trust in advertising claims in general.

Second, ecocertified wood will be more expensive than uncertified wood because in order to earn ecocertification, a wood company must pay to have its business examined by a certification agency. This additional cost gets passed on to consumers. American consumers tend to be strongly motivated by price, and therefore they are likely to choose cheaper uncertified wood products. Accordingly, American wood companies will prefer to keep their prices low rather than obtain ecocertification.

Third, although some people claim that it always makes good business sense for American companies to keep up with the developments in the rest of the world, this argument is not convincing. Pursuing certification would make sense for American wood companies only if they marketed most of their products abroad. But that is not the caseAmerican wood businesses sell most of their products in the United States, catering to a very large customer base that is satisfied with the merchandise.

Read the transcript.

Narrator:  Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.

Professor Well, despite what many people say, there’s good reason to think that many American wood companies will eventually seek ecocertification for their wood products. First off, consumers in the United States don’t treat all advertising the same. They distinguish between advertising claims that companies make about their own products and claims made by independent certification agencies. Americans have a lot of confidence in independent consumer agencies. Thus, ecologically minded Americans are likely to react very favorably to wood products ecologically certified by an independent organization with an international reputation for trustworthiness.

Second pointof course it’s true that American consumers care a lot about pricewho doesn’t? But studies of how consumers make decisions show that price alone determines consumers’ decisions only when the price of one competing product is much higher or lower than another. When the price difference between two products is smallsay, less than five percent, as is the case with certified wood Americans often do choose on factors other than price. And Americans are becoming increasingly convinced of the value of preserving and protecting the environment.

And third, U.S. wood companies should definitely pay attention to what’s going on in the wood business internationally, not because of foreign consumers, but because of foreign competition. As I just told you, there’s a good chance that many American consumers will be interested in ecocertified products. And guess what, if American companies are slow capturing those customers, you can be sure that foreign companies will soon start crowding into the American market, offering ecocertified wood that domestic companies don’t.

Give yourself 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Your response is judged on the quality of the writing and on how well it presents the points in the lecture and their relationship to the reading passage. Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words. You may view the reading passage while you respond.

Response time: 20 minutes

Question: Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on specific points made in the reading passage.

Yes, just two-

• Remember that there’s no spell-checking tool that will help you during the test. So, when you’re practicing and preparing for the writing section, disable Grammarly or the spell-check tool in Word (depending on where you’re practicing).
• Don’t lose your cool. If you see a question that might be difficult to answer or notice a grammatical error just as the timer is going off, don’t panic. Take a deep breath, rethink your writing plan, and get back to the test. Worrying won’t help.

A bonus tip is this – practice, practice, practice. It will help you stay prepared for whatever question may come your way.

And if you need any help, you know where to find me! Drop a comment and let me know what I can do to help with your TOEFL essay topics. I would be more than happy to help.

All the best for your exam!

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3 thoughts on “8 toefl essay topics to prepare for the toefl exam”, see what others are saying.

Nice article. Very helpful for students who are preparing for TOEFL . Good work. Keep it up.

Nice article, this will help test takers a lot, keep it up

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TOEFL Writing: Essay Structure, Topics, Preparation Tips, and Sample Papers

• Pattern & Syllabus
• TOEFL Listening Topics
• TOEFL Writing Topics
• TOEFL Reading Topics
• TOEFL New Pattern
• TOEFL Writing Independent Task
• TOEFL Listening
• TOEFL Speaking Topics
• Types Of Reading Questions In TOEFL IBT
• TOEFL Integrated Writing Task
• TOEFL Reading
• TOEFL Speaking
• TOEFL Listening Question Details
• TOEFL Essentials Test

Shubhankar Das

Content Writer Study Abroad Exams | Updated On - Jun 25, 2024

Highlights:

Replaced Independent Essay: The new Writing for an Academic Discussion Task replaces the older Independent Writing task.  Focus on Opinion and Argument: The new TOEFL writing tasks emphasize your ability to state your opinion, provide arguments supported by evidence, and engage with different perspectives on a given topic. Reading and Responding to Prompts: You'll be presented with a discussion prompt, student responses, and a question that guides your TOEFL writing. Minimum Word Count: While there are no set minimum word limits, aim to write at least 150–225 words for Task 1, and 100 words for Task 2.

In July 2023, ETS announced changes in TOEFL exam format, timing, and scoring system. The updated TOEFL writing syllabus replaces the Independent writing task with writing for an academic discussion task. You should complete the writing tasks within 29 minutes . TOEFL writing section includes 2 tasks; an integrated writing task, and writing for an academic discussion task. TOEFL exam writing integrated task is 20 minutes long and the academic discussion task must be completed within 10 minutes. TOEFL writing tasks are scored using AI scoring and certified human raters. The total score ranges from 0 to 30 , and achieving 24+ is considered an advanced level  of proficiency. Focus on improving your vocabulary and maintaining the essay word limits for a higher TOEFL writing score.

TOEFL Essay Structure

You can use a defined outline to write your answers for TOEFL writing test. Try to include at least include 3 paragraphs while writing an essay in TOEFL writing section. You need to engage in TOEFL writing practice using the official resources available online. For structuring the essay you need to ensure to analyse the writing examples for both TOEFL writing task 1 and TOEFL writing task 2. You should be aware of TOEFL new pattern changes while practicing structuring the essay for both tasks. The following points summarise the structure that you can use in TOEFL writing test:

• Introductory Paragraph: Including an introduction will help highlight the context of the answer that will give an argumentative approach to the answer. Candidates should highlight major points and ideas of the answer.
• Body: Divided into two paragraphs, candidates can include well-organized sentences with logical reasons and examples to support their sentences.
• Conclusion: This paragraph should sum up the essay with appropriate supporting points.

TOEFL Writing Syllabus

TOEFL iBT writing section is divided into two different tasks; TOEFL independent writing, and TOEFL integrated writing. TOEFL writing section is the fourth and concluding section in TOEFL exam pattern . The below mentioned table gives a brief about TOEFL writing section:

Task	Duration	Length	Common Topics
TOEFL Writing Task 1 (Integrated)	20 minutes	150-225 words	Academics
TOEFL Writing Task 2 (Writing for an academic discussion)	10 minutes	100 words	Online classroom discussion

TOEFL Integrated Writing

TOEFL writing task 1 requires you to read an academic passage. The passage in the TOEFL integrated writing highlights three claims and is 150-225 words in length. You also need to listen to a short lecture. In TOEFL writing task 1, write an essay explaining the claims and how they are being challenged by the speaker. Mentioned below is a brief of TOEFL writing task 1:

• Response Time: 20 minutes
• Recommended length: 150 and 225 words

TOEFL Writing for an Academic Discussion Task

From July 2023, TOEFL exam pattern for the writing section has been updated. A new writing for an academic discussion task has replaced TOEFL independent writing section . TOEFL writing for an academic discussion is 10 minutes long, and you need to state and support an opinion in an online classroom discussion. There is no maximum length for your response, but a good response is usually at least 100 words. A brief of TOEFL writing task 2 has been mentioned below:

• Response time:  10 minutes
• Recommended length:  100 words or more

TOEFL Writing Tasks Topics

TOEFL writing section requires candidates to write based on several academic, general, or current affairs topics. The TOEFL writing test includes the below-mentioned TOEFL writing topics :

TOEFL Integrated Writing Task Topics

TOEFL writing task 1 topics are based on academic settings and candidates can find relevant topics in TOEFL writing syllabus. Candidates can come across topics such as; lectures on history, classical literature, spending habits of consumers, scientific debates, and many more in TOEFL writing task 1. However, TOEFL integrated writing topics might also include modern topics like social media, the digital age, etc. You can refer to the list below to summarise TOEFL integrated writing test topics:

Any academic subject of humanities, commerce, or science	Any notable incident in any part of the globe
Latest political and economic changes	Newspaper report
Foreign policies and business deals	Games, tournaments, and any sport reports
Education system	Scientific invention
Latest invention	Latest invention
Business deals	Business deals

TOEFL Writing for an Academic Discussion TaskTopics

TOEFL writing task 2 topics cover areas such as education, technology, social media, the life of a university student, small towns vs. big cities, and many more. TOEFL independent writing task covers a wide range of topics. Test takers should undertake effective TOEFL writing prep to ensure a good TOEFL writing score . The below mentioned table summarises the TOEFL writing test topics:

Economic Growth vs the Environment	Targeted Advertising
Social Media	Grading Students
AI	Taxing Unhealthy Products
Longevity	Corporate Impact
City Spending	Economy
Work From Home	Online Classes
Starting a Business	Literature
Culture	Smartphones

TOEFL Writing Score

TOEFL writing score ranges from 0-30. Raw scores are calculated before scaled scores in TOEFL writing score. TOEFL writing section has a raw score ranging from 0-5. So the total raw score in TOEFL essay writing is 0-10. Evaluated raw scores are converted to scaled scores ranging from 0-30. The average TOEFL writing score is 24, which describes an advanced level of proficiency. Mentioned below is a table that portrays raw score to scaled score conversion for TOEFL writing test:

Raw TOEFL Writing Score	Scaled TOEFL Writing Score
0	0
0.5	4
1	5
1.5	7
2	8
2.5	10
3	11
3.5	12
4	14
4.5	15
5	17
5.5	18
6	20
6.5	21
7	22
7.5	24
8	25
8.5	27
9	28
9.5	29
10	30

TOEFL Writing Preparation Tips

TOEFL writing part evaluates your ability to write in English in an academic setting. Following preparation tips from official resources can help you to maximize your score. Below are some of the TOEFL writing tips to help ensure everything goes smoothly while you’re completing the Writing section:

• Plan Writing the Essay: Spend a maximum of two to three minutes to outline the structure of your essay. Include points such as thesis statements, major points of your essay, and examples you want to include.
• Establish Reference with Question: Remember to include justification for the mentioned question. Interrelate the paragraphs and try to refer to the point you claimed earlier. Try to discuss the question the essay prompt is asking.
• Review Your Essay: After you’ve finished writing your essay, it’s helpful if you can spend a little time proofreading. Keep at least 1min to skim your essay and catch any spelling or grammar errors or any sentences that aren’t clear.
• Practice Essay Writing: The first step in TOEFL writing prep is to undertake practice. This will help with the establishment of concepts and meaning of the questions that candidates might face in the TOEFL writing test. Candidates can come across several TOEFL writing tests online and practice accordingly.

TOEFL Writing Preparation Books

Preparing for the TOEFL Writing section requires practice and familiarity with the test format. TOEFL resources writing available online can be beneficial. Here are some popular TOEFL books that can help in Writing preparation:

• "Official Guide to the TOEFL Test" by Educational Testing Service (ETS) –  Check Book PDF
• "Barron's TOEFL iBT" by Pamela Sharpe –  Check Book PDF
• "Cambridge Preparation for the TOEFL Test" by Jolene Gear and Robert Gear –  Check Book PDF

TOEFL Writing Practice Papers

Taking TOEFL writing practice test regularly makes you familiar with the exam format. If you keep scoring 25 and want to achieve 28 follow a proper study plan with official practice tests. Below mentioned are some TOEFL writing practice papers that can help you in your writing practice.

To write academic writing for TOEFL, you must state and support an opinion in an online classroom discussion. You can improve your TOEFL writing score by taking notes and keeping your answers short and simple. A better understanding of the recent changes is important for a higher score. You will be advised to check the changes in detail from the official ETS website. 

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• School Education /

Essay On My First Bicycle in English

• Updated on  
• Jul 3, 2024

Bicycles are the most efficient mode of transport. When a person rides a bicycle, he is doing two things; keeping himself fit and saving the environment. We all have fond memories of our first bicycle when we learned how to ride a bike. Some of us are naturally born riders, while others took some time to learn how to ride a bicycle. On this page, we will discuss some samples of essay on my first bicycle.

Table of Contents

• 1.1 Features of My First Bicycle
• 1.2 Memories of My First Bicycle
• 1.3 Importance of Bicycle

Essay On My First Bicycle in 500 Words

Bicycle holds a special place in my memories. It was a warm evening on my first day of summer vacation, and my birthday was at the end of the week. When I woke from my afternoon sleep, I heard the noise of a bell. I looked out of my window and saw the most beautiful bicycle I had ever seen. My parents had planned to surprise me with that bicycle. It was my favourite gift from that birthday because I had always wanted a bicycle like that. 

I was so interested in bicycles that I did a lot of research on them. The first bicycle was invented by a German which did not have brakes or chains. However, modern bicycles have many advanced features.

Features of My First Bicycle

My bicycle was a sleek sports bike. Its colour is yellow and built of strong metal. It has two rubber tyres and two brakes to control its speed. It was made of smooth glossy steel and had a headlight at the front. The seat was black and could be adjusted to my height and comfort. The bicycle was light and comfortable, making it easy to ride.

Also Read: Digital India for Students

Memories of My First Bicycle

My first bicycle played an important role in my childhood. There were so many nice memories attached to the bicycle that I can’t possibly list them all. But I’ll mention a few of them. 

The first and earliest memory I have is of riding it for the first time. I was both terrified and excited at the time. I was trying to balance the cycle while my father was holding me from behind. The entire bicycle was shaking.

After a few attempts, I was able to ride the bicycle straight ahead, so my father let go of me. I was very happy riding my bicycle around the empty lanes. Suddenly, there was a small stone under the tyre that I didn’t notice due to my happiness, and I lost my balance. I fell to the ground and bruised my knees. That day, I realised how important it was to be careful when riding my bike.

There was another incident when I nearly lost my bicycle. I parked it and went to play with one of my friends. When I returned, the bicycle was not there. I was terrified and began crying but then I came to know that my father had parked the bicycle in the back as I left it unlocked.

Importance of Bicycle

• Bicycles improve fitness by encouraging physical exercise.
• It improves your mental and emotional well-being and relieves stress.
• It gives children a sense of freedom, allowing them to move around and learn about the neighbourhood.
• It improves socialisation skills and provides opportunities to engage with others.
• It promotes the overall holistic development of children.

A first bicycle is much more than just a means for children to get from one place to another. It is a journey of freedom and being self-aware.

Also Read: National Science Day

A.1 A first bicycle is the most precious thing for every child. Most of the children associate their first childhood memories with their bicycles. Children are passionate about riding bicycles and when they are on wheels, they feel like they are chasing the wind. Our first bicycle takes is on adventurous journeys far from home.

A.2 Bicycles are very beneficial to children’s fitness as they promote physical activity. It also develops children’s social skills while providing them with a sense of freedom.

A.3 Bicycle holds a special place in my memories. It was a warm evening on my first day of summer vacation, and my birthday was at the end of the week. When I woke from my afternoon sleep, I heard the noise of a bell. I looked out of my window and saw the most beautiful bicycle I had ever seen. My parents had planned to surprise me with that bicycle. It was my favourite gift from that birthday because I had always wanted a bicycle like that. 

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Bhumika Sharma

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Test Resources

TOEFL® Resources by Michael Goodine

Toefl writing for an academic discussion questions – samples and guide and templates, sample questions and answers.

These “Writing for an Academic Discussion” questions were added to the TOEFL iBT on July 26, 2023.  They replaced the “Independent Writing Task.”  Each link below includes a complete sample question and response.  These questions are based on the information we have at this time.  I will revise them as more information is provided.  I also have a guide to answering this question .

Basically, test-takers see a question written by a professor and responses by two students.  The test-taker should respond to the question and add to the conversation.  They have ten minutes to read the question, read the responses  and write their own responses.

• Economic Growth vs the Environment
• Targeted Advertising
• Social Media
• Grading Students
• Taxing Unhealthy Products
• University Spending
• City Spending
• Corporate Impact
• Work From Home
• Online Classes
• Smartphones
• Learning Styles
• Influencers
• Starting a Business
• More sample questions from ETS

Need help preparing for the new TOEFL?  Check out my writing evaluation service .  I’ll examine your answers line by line and correct all of your mistakes.  I’ll even estimate your score and tell you how to do better on test day!  Looking for 1 on 1 lessons?  Send me a message !

Question Guide

I’ve written a detailed guide for this question .  I will update it as we learn more.

Answer Template 1

• This is a challenging topic, but I think that [respond directly to the question].
• I strongly agree with  [student]’ s idea that  [mention one point made by the student]. 
• I’d add that  [expand on the point with your own idea].
• While [other student] raised the relevant point that [mention one point made by the other student],  he/she didn’t mention that  [challenge that point].
• For example  [elaborate on your challenge with your own ideas].

Answer Template 2

• While I appreciate the points mentioned by both [name] and [name] , I think that …
• [elaborate on your idea for a few sentences]
• Remember that  [elaborate on your point], so [elaborate on your point].
• Some people may feel that [mention a potential challenge], but [respond to this challenge].

Video Guide