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From Associate to Doctorate: A Complete Guide to College Degree Levels

Genevieve Carlton

Contributing Writer

Learn about our editorial process .

Updated April 12, 2024

Hannah Muniz

Contributing Editor

Reviewed by

Stephanie DeBord

Contributing Reviewer

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Are you ready to discover your college program?

Considering a college degree? First, you'll have to understand the types of degrees and college degree levels.

Different degrees prepare you for different career paths. For example, you can't become a psychologist with just a bachelor's degree — you'd need a master's or doctorate in psychology. And you usually can't become an engineer without at least a bachelor's degree.

Typically, as your university degree level rises, your earning potential increases, and the unemployment rate decreases. That's one more reason it's important to understand the different types of degrees.

What Types of Degrees Are There in College?

There are many types of degrees you can earn in college. College degree levels can be broken down into two categories: undergraduate degrees and graduate degrees.

Here are the college degrees in order, from lowest ranking to highest:

• Associate degree (undergraduate)
• Bachelor's degree (undergraduate)
• Master's degree (graduate)
• Doctoral degree (graduate)

While a doctorate is the highest education level, some fields may stop at a master's. The phrase "terminal degree" refers to the highest degree in a field.

A professional degree is a type of graduate degree — often a doctorate — that prepares you for a professional career in fields like law and medicine.

Popular Online Programs

Learn about start dates, transferring credits, availability of financial aid, and more by contacting the universities below.

Associate Degree

• Typical Program Length: 1-2 years
• Typical Number of Credits: 60

Most associate degrees prepare you to enter the workforce immediately upon graduation. These programs can be found at community and technical colleges and typically last 1-2 years.

An associate degree can also serve as the foundation for a bachelor's program. You may even be able to transfer some of the credits you earned for your associate degree toward a four-year degree.

Some associate degrees require you to complete an internship or practicum in addition to taking classes. This is particularly common among healthcare and tech degrees.

To apply for an associate degree program , you'll need a high school diploma or equivalent, like a GED certificate. Some schools may require you to submit standardized test scores, such as the ACT or the SAT, as well.

Featured Associate Programs

What can you do with an associate degree.

An associate degree prepares you for vocational, allied health, and support roles. For example, you can become a medical assistant , paralegal , or vet tech with an associate degree.

The highest-paying careers with an associate degree pay over $80,000 per year. See the table below for salary information on other popular associate degree jobs.

Source: BLS

Types of Associate Degrees

Colleges can offer three kinds of associate degrees:

• Associate of Arts (AA)
• Associate of Science (AS)
• Associate of Applied Science (AAS)

Arts, humanities, and creative fields typically offer an AA, whereas social sciences and natural sciences fields often award an AS. Many applied and vocational programs offer an AAS degree.

The type of degree matters if you're planning to transfer into a bachelor's program. Colleges normally offer fewer transfer credits for an AAS degree.

Popular Associate Degrees

• Business Administration
• Business Management
• Computer Science
• Criminal Justice
• Cybersecurity
• Early Childhood Education
• Graphic Design
• Healthcare Management
• Information Technology
• Medical Assisting
• Medical Billing and Coding
• Pre-Nursing
• Social Work

Bachelor's Degree

• Typical Program Length: 4 years
• Typical Number of Credits: 120

A bachelor's degree prepares you for many career paths. You'll generally spend four years earning a bachelor's degree at a college or university. You'll take general education classes and courses in your major . You can also choose a minor.

Some colleges offer accelerated bachelor's programs , which take less time — often 2-3 years. Degree-completion programs can also speed up the timeline by awarding you credit for previous college coursework.

You can earn your bachelor's degree online as well. An online degree from an accredited college meets the same standards as that of an in-person degree.

You'll need a high school diploma for admission and may also need to submit SAT or ACT scores.

Featured Bachelor's Programs

What can you do with a bachelor's degree.

In diverse industries like business, tech, and education, a bachelor's degree can prepare you for many entry-level careers. Some of the highest-paying jobs with a bachelor's degree include roles in finance, management, and tech.

Graduates with a four-year degree can also benefit from high demand in many lucrative fields, like software development and engineering. The table below introduces some popular jobs with a bachelor's degree.

Types of Bachelor's Degrees

You can earn a bachelor's degree in many fields. Some of the most common types of bachelor's degrees you'll see include:

• Bachelor of Arts (BA)
• Bachelor of Science (BS)
• Bachelor of Applied Arts (BAA)
• Bachelor of Applied Science (BAS)
• Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch.)
• Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA)
• Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA)
• Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)

The two most popular degrees are a BA and a BS. These degrees cover all arts and sciences majors and some education and engineering degrees.

Popular Bachelor's Degrees

• Civil Engineering
• Communication
• Computer Programming
• Health Informatics
• Health Sciences
• Human Resources
• Mathematics
• Organizational Psychology
• Political Science
• Public Policy
• Supply Chain and Logistics

Master's Degree

• Typical Program Length: 1-3 years
• Typical Number of Credits: 30

A master's degree can help you gain specialized skills and qualify for higher-paying roles. As a graduate student, you'll work closely with experts in your field to explore advanced topics.

While a master's degree typically takes two years, some universities offer accelerated one-year master's programs. You can also enroll in a bachelor's-to-master's program to earn both a bachelor's and master's degree in less time.

Most master's programs require a minimum of 30 credits. Admission and graduation requirements vary depending on the program. For example, many arts and sciences master's programs require GRE scores , while business programs typically require GMAT scores .

Featured Master's Programs

What can you do with a master's degree.

With a master's degree, you can qualify for management-level careers and specialized roles in industries like healthcare, research, and social services. The highest-paying master's degrees include MBAs and nurse practitioner degrees.

Learn more about the earning potential and demand for popular master's degree jobs below.

Types of Master's Degrees

Here are some of the most common types of master's degrees you can earn:

• Master of Arts (MA)
• Master of Science (MS)
• Master of Business Administration (MBA)
• Master of Education (M.Ed.)
• Master of Fine Arts (MFA)
• Master of Laws (LL.M.)
• Master of Public Administration (MPA)
• Master of Public Health (MPH)
• Master of Public Policy (MPP)
• Master of Science in Nursing (MSN)
• Master of Social Work (MSW)

An MA and an MS are among the most popular master's degrees. Humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences fields typically award an MA or an MS. Other popular options include an MBA and an M.Ed.

Popular Master's Degrees

• Creative Writing
• Data Science
• Engineering
• Healthcare Administration
• Library and Information Science
• Network Security
• Public Health
• Supply Chain Management

Doctoral Degrees

• Typical Program Length: 2-10 years
• Typical Number of Credits: Varies

A doctorate represents the highest degree you can get in academia. There are a few types of doctoral degrees you can get.

Professional doctorates train you for a professional career. For example, law school and med school are two common professional paths. A Ph.D., on the other hand — by far one of the most common types of doctorates — emphasizes theory and research.

In a doctoral program, you'll take graduate-level seminars and courses, take comprehensive exams, conduct original research, and defend a dissertation in front of a faculty committee.

Most applied doctorates take 3-5 years, while a Ph.D. typically requires 4-6 years of coursework. In certain fields, you can earn your doctorate online.

Some doctoral programs require a master's degree for admission, whereas others admit applicants with just a bachelor's degree. You may need to submit standardized test scores depending on the program.

Featured Doctoral Programs

What can you do with a doctorate.

If you want to become a physician , professor , or lawyer, you'll need a doctorate. In many fields, a doctorate translates into higher salaries. Lawyers, pharmacists , and physicists all report median salaries of over $125,000 per year, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

The following table shows the earning potential and demand for popular doctoral degree jobs.

Types of Doctoral Degrees

A doctorate is the highest education level, but there are still several types of doctoral degrees. Here are some of the most common you can get:

• Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
• Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)
• Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)
• Doctor of Medicine (MD)
• Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)
• Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.)
• Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.)
• Juris Doctor (JD)

A Ph.D. is the most popular doctorate. You can earn a Ph.D. in many arts and sciences fields. Other doctorates take their names from the career path associated with the degree.

Popular Doctoral Degrees

• Curriculum and Instruction
• Educational Administration
• Educational Leadership
• Human Services
• Legal Studies
• Organizational Leadership
• Public Administration

Frequently Asked Questions About College Degree Levels

What are the four types of college degrees.

The four types of college degrees are associate degrees, bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and doctoral degrees. Colleges classify associate and bachelor's degrees as undergraduate degrees and master's and doctoral degrees as graduate degrees.

Within those categories, you can earn many types of degrees. For instance, at the bachelor's level, you could earn a bachelor of arts (BA), a bachelor of science (BS), or a bachelor of fine arts (BFA) degree.

What is a four-year college degree called?

A four-year college degree is called a bachelor's degree. Another term for this degree type is a baccalaureate degree.

Many careers require a bachelor's degree for entry-level roles. For example, most careers in business require you to hold a bachelor's degree. Many roles in tech, education, the public sector, and engineering also require you to have a four-year degree.

Some career paths require a specific major. In many states, you'll need a bachelor of science in nursing (BSN) to become a registered nurse . In other fields, your specific major matters less than the quality of your skills.

What is the highest degree?

The highest degree is a doctorate, also called a doctoral degree. In terms of university degree levels, both master's and bachelor's degrees rank below doctorates.

You can earn a doctorate in a wide array of fields, including the social sciences, business, the humanities, education, engineering, and healthcare.

In some fields, however, a master's degree represents the terminal, or highest, degree. For instance, a master of fine arts (MFA) is the terminal degree for creative writing.

What is the hardest college degree?

Most would agree that the hardest college degree is a doctorate. As the highest education level, a doctorate requires significant expertise in the field.

Many Ph.D. programs take six years or more and require you to write a book-length dissertation based on original research.

Because a doctorate represents the top of the university degree levels, it's a relatively uncommon degree. Only around 2% of U.S. adults held a doctorate in 2022, according to the U.S. Census Bureau .

What is the quickest degree?

The fastest degree you can get is either a one-year associate degree or a one-year master's degree. While other types of degrees typically take a minimum of two years, you can earn a master's degree in one year with an accelerated or fast-track program.

You can sometimes add a master's degree to your bachelor's through a 4+1 program, also known as a bachelor's-to-master's program. In this case, some of your coursework counts toward both your undergraduate and graduate degrees, meaning you'll spend an additional year in college to leave with a master's degree.

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Types of college degrees in order by level

This article has been vetted by University of Phoenix's editorial advisory committee.  Read more about our editorial process.

Reviewed by Marc Booker, PhD, Vice Provost, Strategy

By Michael Feder

In this article

• Academic degree levels in order are associate degree, bachelor's degree, master's degree and doctoral degree. Students may also earn certificates as academic credentials.
• In general terms, a Bachelor of Arts is a four-year degree that focuses on holistic learning and typically focuses on areas like communication, writing and critical thinking. A Bachelor of Science is a four-year degree that is more specialized and focuses on a specific discipline, like  business  or  healthcare .
• University of Phoenix has  a number of academic programs at every degree level , which are aligned to real-world careers.

This article was updated on 02/01/2024.  

When it comes to planning for college and your educational future, it's important to consider all the steps between you and your goals. Chief among these is the depth of knowledge you'd like to attain on a given subject. Are you looking to lay the basic groundwork for a career change or to forge new ideas in your field?

How you answer that question can largely determine the degree — or degrees — you choose to pursue. The college degree levels that we cover here progress in terms of academic achievement. Knowing the types of college degrees in order can help you determine just how far you'd like to take your academic studies as well as which ones may be right for you based on your prior educational journey.

It's also important to consider the time and financial requirements of each degree type, and a given degree's impact on your career prospects. You might, for example, research what education is typically required for a position in your desired field and which degrees can help you gain skills to potentially move forward in your career. This can help you figure out the level of education you need to pursue your goals.

Explore more than 100 online programs aligned to 300+ real-world careers. 

College degrees in order

In terms of level of study, the college degree programs in order are:

• Associate degree
• Bachelor’s degree
• Master’s degree
• Doctoral degree

It’s important to think of college degrees in order for a few reasons. For starters, knowledge for a bachelor’s degree differs dramatically from what’s required for a doctoral degree. By moving through the degrees in order, you leverage previous academic knowledge to address new challenges. Prior education can form a strong foundation for future learning.

It's also important to consider the different time and financial requirements of each degree type, as well as a given degree’s impact on your career prospects. You might, for example, research what education is typically required for a position in your desired field. This can help you figure out the level of education you need to earn to reach your goals.

1. Associate degree

Whether looking to move on to a bachelor's degree or join the workforce right away, many students take advantage of the flexibility and affordability of an associate degree .

Associate degrees are beyond a high school diploma but short of a bachelor's degree. In terms of coursework, they are designed to take 15 credit hours per semester to be completed over approximately two years , though students may take longer. 

Types of associate degrees

Associate of arts (aa) and associate of science (as).

Both AA and AS degrees can provide an entry point into a field of study. Students can build on the credits earned and knowledge gained in these programs and go on to earn a bachelor’s degree to further their studies.

This makes an associate degree a good option for those who want to earn a degree in a shorter time and aren’t ready for a four-year program. However, the number of credits students can transfer will depend on the institution offering the bachelor’s degree and the course of study chosen.

Examples of AA and AS degrees:

• Business Fundamentals associate degree
• Criminal Justice associate degree
• Cybersecurity associate degree

Associate of Applied Arts (AAA) and Associate of Applied Science (AAS)

AAA and AAS degrees are similar to the other associate degrees but tend to incorporate a more hands-on experience in the classroom and specialized courses. They are designed to provide practical skills and knowledge that students can use in the workforce. University of Phoenix does not offer AAA or AAS degrees but offers other associate degree programs .

2. Bachelor's degree

If you're looking for work, chances are you've noticed that a common prerequisite for employment in many fields is the completion of a bachelor's degree program . With this degree, you demonstrate a strong, foundational level of know-how related to your field.

Of all the college degree levels, jobs requiring a bachelor’s degree have the largest projected growth through 2026 , according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). A bachelor's degree is typically designed to take about four years to complete, though students sometimes take longer. During that time, students take a deep dive into their field of study, often taking several semesters' worth of courses that include lectures, examinations and hands-on experience.

In a traditional four-year bachelor's degree program, students take general education classes primarily during their first two years of schooling. These classes are meant to give students a broad base of knowledge outside their specialization. In the second two years, they take classes that are more focused on the area of study related to their interests and career goals.

Many students choose to get their general education requirements satisfied by taking these classes at a community college. They can then use those credits when transferring to and being admitted to a college or university.

Transferability of credit is at the discretion of the receiving institution. It's the student's responsibility to confirm whether credits earned at University of Phoenix will be accepted by another institution of the student's choice.

Types of bachelor’s degrees

Bachelor of arts (ba) .

A BA represents the completion of an undergraduate program that focuses on a discipline in the arts or humanities. A BA differs from other types of bachelor's degrees in that it tends to emphasize critical thinking and insights in the chosen area of study.

While a BA program has many required classes, students pursuing a BA tend to have more leeway as to how they plan and complete their studies.

• English bachelor’s degree

Bachelor of Science (BS)

As opposed to the more philosophical nature of a BA that focuses on the humanities, a Bachelor of Science tends to focus more on technical and scientific areas of a discipline. While some subjects (like business) can be studied in both BA and BS programs, the latter will likely focus more on a singular path of study with less emphasis on courses in other subjects.

If you have a specific academic focus and career path in mind and aren't as interested in learning about other liberal arts subjects, then a BS program may be more aligned with your goals. These programs tend to home in on the practical application of a course of study, in which you gain abilities and expertise you can apply immediately when you enter the workforce.

• Accounting bachelor's degree
• Business Administration bachelor's degree
• Health Management bachelor's degree

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Bachelor of fine arts (bfa).

A BFA is a specific kind of bachelor's degree pursued by students in the arts, particularly performing arts, visual arts and music.

What distinguishes BFA programs from BA programs? A BFA tends to include more focused study and hands-on work, sometimes in a studio, and less emphasis on examinations and lectures.

3. Master's degree

Wondering what types of college degrees you can earn after a bachelor's degree?

While many students stop after they earn an undergraduate degree, other graduates — motivated by employment requirements or simply a curious mind — opt to go back to college to go further with their subject of choice.

Typically, master's programs require successful completion of 30 to 60 semester credits. Some master's programs are shorter and can be earned in a year, depending on the college and how many classes the student takes.

Regardless of which program you choose, it should be noted that a bachelor's degree in a relevant field of study is almost always a prerequisite to pursuing a master's degree.

Classes in a master's degree program are more rigorous than in a bachelor's degree program. The classes often build upon the knowledge gained during a bachelor's degree program and introduce students to more specialized and distinct subjects in their field of study.

The class sizes tend to run on the smaller side compared with undergraduate classes, and they might emphasize group discussions with instructor guidance instead of instructor-led lectures. They may also require more projects, including a capstone or thesis project. 

Types of master’s degrees

Three common types of master's degrees are:

• Master of Arts (MA)
• Master of Science (MS)
• Master of Fine Arts (MFA)

For brevity, we won't break down the differences between the types of master's degrees, but the distinction is essentially the same as those between the bachelor's degrees. An MA tends to focus on subjects in the arts, MFAs emphasize a narrower field study in the fine arts, and the MS focuses on a scientific subject and its practical applications.

In addition to those listed above, here are more types of master's degrees:

• Master of Business Administration (MBA)
• Master of Library Science (MLS)
• Master of Public Administration (MPA)
• Master of Public Health (MPH)
• Master of Social Work (MSW)
• Master of Laws (LLM)
• Master of Arts in Liberal Studies (MLS)
• Master of Music (MM)
• Master of Education (MEd)
• Master of Engineering (MEng)
• Master of Architecture (MArch)

Each type represents a specialization within a field, whether that be an MPH for public health or an MSW for social work. While the curriculum, rigor and requirements of each master's program differ, they commonly require a bachelor's degree in the field of study or a related field. In addition, some programs require professional experience in the given field.

Some master’s degrees, such as the MSW and the MPH, may also have a fieldwork requirement, in which students work in a real-world setting.

4. Doctoral degree

At the top of the hierarchy of college degree levels, a doctoral degree represents the most in-depth education within a discipline..

Completing a doctoral program isn't just a feather in your cap. Nationwide in 2022, those with a doctoral degree, on average, had lower unemployment rates and higher median weekly earnings than individuals with less education, according to BLS.

As the level of attainment is so high, these types of degrees expect a lot from prospective students. Most doctoral programs require students to have already earned bachelor's and master's degree s. Upon entering a doctoral program, students may face a difficult but rewarding curriculum in their subject before culminating their studies with a dissertation or, depending on the degree, an applied project.

A dissertation is at the heart of any doctoral program. A final project of sorts, a dissertation requires doctoral students to conduct research, present their conclusions to faculty in their program and defend those conclusions. This process can take months, and many doctoral students fail to complete their degree precisely because of how difficult and time-consuming dissertations can be.

Those who successfully complete their dissertation are rewarded with a doctoral degree as well as the honorific title of “doctor.”

Types of doctoral degrees

Doctor of philosophy.

The most commonly known and recognized doctoral degree is the Doctor of Philosophy, or PhD. Despite the name, these degrees are not exclusively conferred on students of philosophy. Instead, a PhD is a research degree that can be completed in a number of subjects, including science, math, the humanities, business and social science.

Less focused on applying learned skills in the marketplace, research in a PhD program is focused on enriching and furthering knowledge in a specific field. Original research is often a requirement for graduation in this kind of program. PhD students often work at the outer bounds of their field to uncover new discoveries and insights.

Read about one UOPX alumnus who went from a 1.3 GPA to a doctoral program.

Practitioner doctoral degrees.

In contrast to PhDs, other doctoral degrees focus on practical applications within a specific industry, similar to the difference between a BA and a BS. University of Phoenix, for example, does not offer PhD programs, but rather its doctoral degrees are designed for scholar-practitioners.

• Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)
• Doctor of Health Administration (DHA)
• Doctor of Education (EdD)
• Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)
• Doctor of Management (DM)

Knowing the types of college degrees in order can help you feel better equipped to plot out your educational future. Which degree you choose and how many you decide to earn throughout your career depends on your goals. Many people also decide to change careers at some point, which may mean earning a different degree or level of degree. 

Ready to start your educational journey? Explore more than 100 online programs aligned to 300+ careers at University of Phoenix.

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The higher education system can be confusing, even for students currently enrolled. Sometimes it seems like a special language was created just for colleges and universities. Learning what each degree option means is a first step in planning your educational future.

Bachelor’s Degree

The most common degree completed in college is the bachelor’s degree. Students entering college usually spend four to five years working on a specific field of study. Most bachelor’s degrees require 120 credit hours. Upon successful completion of all courses and requirements, students will earn an undergraduate or bachelor’s degree. The most common bachelor’s degrees are the B.A. or Bachelor of Arts, the B.F.A. or bachelor of fine arts and the B.S. or Bachelor of Science. A bachelor’s degree is required to pursue a master’s degree.

Degree Completion

Sometimes students have to drop out of college for personal reasons. To assist students who would like to return to finish their undergraduate degree, a special program called degree completion was created. The degree completion program is crafted to accommodate a student who is working or cannot attend full time. Some programs are offered online or are a hybrid of online and on-campus classes. Students who wish to transfer from a community college can apply their earned credits toward a degree completion program.

Master’s Degree

Once you have completed your undergraduate degree, you may be interested in pursuing an advanced degree or a master’s degree. A master’s degree is also referred to as a graduate degree. Pursuing a master’s degree is a way to specialize in a particular area of study and usually requires one or two additional years of school. The most prevalent degree titles include the M.A. or Master of Arts, M.B.A. or Master of Business Administration and M.S. or Master of Science. In 2009, the U.S. Census Bureau reported that 15 percent of the U.S. population holds an advanced degree, including a masters, doctorate, law or medical diplomas.

Doctoral Degree

A doctoral degree is also knows as a terminal degree because it is the highest level of education that can be attained. The two types of doctorates awarded are the Doctor of Philosophy or Ph.D. and the Doctor of Education or Ed.D. The Ph.D. is designed for students interested in conducting research and teaching at a college level. Students with this degree often work in higher education or other scholarly fields. Students who are interested in serving as leaders in their fields or as expert practitioners typically pursue an Ed.D. Students pursuing a doctoral degree will usually be expected to spend a minimum of three years as a full-time student.

• Bachelors Degree: Bachelors Degree

Dr. Kelly S. Meier is a professor and college administrator for a large public institution in Minnesota. She received her undergraduate degree from Western Illinois University and her master's degree and doctorate from Minnesota State University, Mankato. She has published more than 15 books on education, group development and diversity.

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Degree to PhD requirements: Do you need a master’s to get a PhD?

Degree to PhD requirements aren’t merely an exhaustive list of things you should do to get into the most prestigious of academic qualifications — it’s a journey that will see you invest your time, effort, and money.

The first step is a bachelor’s degree, which usually takes up to three years and covers a subject of your choice.

While core modules are tied to your chosen subject, electives allow you to dabble in various areas and help you identify your interests, passions, and even expertise within a specific field.

Take law, for example. While all law students tend to pursue a law degree, they are free to pick whatever laws they want to specialise in during their second or third year.

If you are lucky, some universities even have modules with no exams — perfect for those who thrive on doing assignments.

One of the laws you can choose to specialise in is criminal law, where you defend the rights of someone who has been accused of a crime. Source: AFP

Right after, your postgraduate journey will see you completing a master’s degree.

Generally, these programmes last for a year, but some programmes, like an MBA, can take up to two years in certain countries (the US is one of them).

For those who are passionate about research or want to be an academic, pursuing a PhD is the next logical choice.

From learning more about what you are passionate about to leveraging the tools to make meaningful contributions to specific research fields, a PhD degree can help you dive into key areas and challenges in your field, develop your theoretical approach, and apply it through your research. 

While not the most known route, it is possible to skip your master’s degree and pursue a PhD.

In Australia, a popular option is to take an honours degree before doing a PhD.

Generally, an honours degree is a one-year qualification taken after your bachelor’s degree, which involves further study in a particular discipline.

Here, under the guidance of an academic supervisor, you will choose a thesis topic, create a reading list and identify your method of research.

This programme is specifically designed to build your research abilities — opening the door for you to pursue a research degree, such as a PhD. 

Do note that you would have to check with your institutions as to whether they accept an honours degree as a valid qualification to enrol on a PhD programme. 

Some universities also offer fast-track PhDs. These do not require a master’s degree, but may require you to meet a panel of the university’s supervisor during your first PhD year to defend your research.

Walden University, for example, has a  Fast Track Option  that increases your course load up to three each term and spreads your dissertation courses to expedite your path through the programme.

While faster, it’s important to note that speed doesn’t always mean good. For some us, the gap between a bachelor’s degree and a PhD may be too great, making us work doubly hard to catch up.

This can be intense, and not suitable for everyone, especially if you factor in all the other requirements of doctoral study: travel to conferences, potential equipment failure, having to work a second job, to name a few.

Ultimately, the answer to the question “Do you need a master’s to get a PhD?” is one that’ll depend on some deep soul-searching on what you want and what you’re ready for.

If you prefer a more traditional, longer route to get a PhD,  here’s all you need to know about doing a bachelor’s degree, a master’s and a PhD: 

From degree to PhD: A step-by-step guide to your academic journey 

Stage 1: laying the foundation — the bachelor’s degree.

The b achelor’s degree is the first step in the academic ladder. It is an undergraduate programme where you immerse yourselves in a subject of your choice.

Whether it’s the intricacies of astrophysics or the magic of storytelling in literature, you’ll immerse yourself in core courses, explore diverse electives, and hone essential skills like critical thinking and research.

A bachelor’s degree can expose you to the magic of storytelling in literature. Source: AFP

Getting your bachelor’s degree is a significant investment of time and money. Hence, picking the right major will influence your chances of securing some of the best-paying jobs in the employment market. 

Three of the most common types of bachelor’s degrees  are:

• Bachelor of Arts (BA): For those drawn to the humanities and social sciences, a BA in history, psychology, English, or communications could be your perfect fit. This degree emphasises critical thinking and communication skills, preparing you for diverse careers in education, human resources, writing, and government work.
• Bachelor of Science (BS): If your heart beats for the world of numbers, logic, and the natural world, a BS in biology, chemistry, finance, or computer science might be your calling. This degree focuses on quantitative skills and opens doors to exciting careers in STEM fields.
• Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA): You can unleash your inner artist with a BFA in creative writing, theatre, drawing, or graphic design. This degree equips you with the skills and knowledge to pursue careers in the arts, from theatre production and museum curation to graphic design and animation.

Requirements to apply

To pursue a bachelor’s degree, you need a high school diploma or equivalent . Most universities require standardised test scores, such as the SAT or ACT, letters of recommendation and a personal statement.

If you’re an international student, you’ll need to show English language proficiency, such as TOEFL and IELTS.

Each institution may have specific criteria, so it’s essential to research and understand the requirements of your chosen university.

What will you gain?

Earning a bachelor’s degree is an investment in your future, providing a deep understanding of your field, critical thinking skills, and a broader perspective. 

It opens doors to entry-level jobs and lays the groundwork for advanced studies at the master’s level. 

A bachelor’s degree expands job opportunities. From 2020 to 2030, over 875,000 yearly job openings in business, science, engineering, education, healthcare, media, arts, and sports will require this qualification.

What’s more, it establishes a solid foundation for higher-paying jobs, with bachelor’s degree holders earning an average of US$1,001 per week compared to US$809 for those with only a high school diploma.

A master’s degree after completing your bachelor’s degree is the logical next step. Source: AFP

Stage 2: Specialising your expertise — The master’s degree

Upon completing your bachelor’s degree, pursuing a m aster’s degree becomes the logical next step — a programme tailored to deepen your expertise and specialise in a specific field.

Various options are available for obtaining your master’s degree, depending on your desired study area. Common types include the Master of Arts (MA) and the Master of Science (MS) , encompassing majors in the humanities, arts, social sciences, and natural sciences.

For those interested in business, library science, health, or a more specialised field, specific master’s degrees such as a Master of Business Administration (MBA) or a Master of Public Health (MPH) are attainable. 

According to the National Centre for Education Statistics , the most frequently earned master’s degrees in the US are in business, education, and health professions.

A master’s degree typically ranges from one to three years, depending on the chosen field. 

For instance, a standard MBA programme takes two years , while an MFA generally requires three years. Accelerated master’s programmes or dual degrees can expedite the completion time.

Those looking to work while pursuing their degree may find online master’s programmes beneficial. These programmes are usually designed asynchronous and self-paced, allowing flexibility in scheduling your learning.

Some master’s programmes won’t accept you without some form of experience. Source: AFP

To pursue a master’s degree, you need a bachelor’s degree in a related field . Some programmes necessitate relevant work experience, letters of recommendation, and a compelling statement of purpose.

Additionally, specific professional master’s programmes may require standardised test scores like the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) or Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT).

Once enrolled, students delve deeper into their chosen subject, engaging in research and internships. The focus shifts from general concepts to advanced theories and practical applications. 

The culmination of a master’s programme often involves a thesis or a comprehensive examination demonstrating your mastery of the subject.

A master’s degree positions you for leadership roles while offering you higher earning potential and often have a competitive edge in the job market. 

According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), individuals with a master’s degree in the earn a median of US$1,574 weekly , approximately US$81,848 annually.

What’s more, a master’s degree serves as a foundation for those considering a PhD, offering a robust groundwork for advanced research.

A PhD is an advanced degree students can use to maximise their expertise in a particular field. Source: AFP

Stage 3: Pinnacle of academic achievement — The PhD

A PhD is an advanced degree students can use to maximise their expertise in a particular field. Offered in several disciplines, this is often the highest formal education a student can earn through universities and colleges. 

If you want to pursue a career in academia as a researcher or a professor, you’ll most likely need a PhD.

PhD programmes are often three to four years long. You’ll perform tasks like research, writing and professional work that contribute to a particular field of study, like science, mathematics or the English language.

Earning your doctorate means that you have expert-level knowledge in your chosen field. It would help if you got a PhD because you’re passionate about a particular subject and are ready to exponentially expand your understanding of that topic through research.

Professor Paul KH Tam, Pro Vice-Chancellor and Vice President (Research) at the University of Hong Kong, emphasises the transformative potential of a PhD , stating:

“A PhD is about pursuing knowledge for the passion of acquiring knowledge. If one is fortunate, one’s discovery/invention may even change society.”

Pursuing a PhD requires a master’s degree in a related field .

Admission is highly competitive, and universities often seek exceptional academic achievements, relevant research experience, strong letters of recommendation, and a compelling research proposal.

Standardised test scores may be required, depending on the programme.

Today’s job market is competitive. With more and more students earning bachelor’s and even master’s degrees, making your PhD will set you apart from the pack.

The rewards of a PhD are profound. Beyond the title of “Doctor,” graduates gain recognition as experts in their field. They contribute to academic discourse, publish research in prestigious journals, and often secure university faculty positions. 

Earning a PhD will also make you more qualified for various industry jobs. Through your graduate studies, you’ll develop the skills employers value and seek in new hires.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, those with a doctoral degree can expect higher earnings — US$1,909 weekly — and lower unemployment rates compared to those with a bachelor’s or master’s degree.

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Quick Guide: Your College Degree Options

Find the right college for you.

There are generally four categories of college degrees: associate degree, bachelor’s degree, graduate degree, and doctorate or professional degree. Each category comes with its own particular subcategories, and there are some subtle differences between a doctorate and a professional degree.

If you ever find yourself lost in the sea of abbreviations for degrees, you're not alone. This quick guide is here to clear the air regarding the types of degrees available to you and what each one means.

Guide to College Degrees, Professional Studies & Certifications

Associate degree.

An associate degree is a two-year degree typically offered at community colleges, technical colleges, and career colleges. However, some four-year universities offer them as well. Examples of some associate degrees include Associate of Arts (AA) and Associate of Science (AS).

AS degrees are generally more narrowly focused and prepare students for science and math-related careers. AA degrees are broader and focus on fields outside of math and science such as liberal arts, business administration, criminal justice, and culinary arts.

Some students who earn an associate degree transfer to a four-year program to earn a bachelor’s degree. Others complete associate degrees and then go straight to work.

Bachelor's or Baccalaureate Degree

Bachelor’s degrees require students to complete four- or five-year programs in a specific academic discipline. The two most common types of bachelor’s degrees are bachelor of arts (BA) and bachelor of science (BS). Other types of bachelor’s degrees include the bachelor of fine arts (BFA), and bachelor of architecture (BArch).

Because bachelor’s degrees train students to enter a specific field, many professional careers require them. Earning a bachelor’s degree can open the door to many job opportunities and increase your potential income.

Some institutions offer a liberal arts and career combination program, also called a 3-2 program. This is a type of dual degree in which a student completes three years of liberal arts study followed by two years of professional or technical study. In the end, students earn two bachelor’s degrees, usually a BA and a BS.

An example of this is Columbia University’s 3-2 Combined Plan program in which students can earn a BA and a BS in five years.

Some colleges also let you earn a teacher certification by combining bachelor's degree study with state certification requirements. State requirements vary, but these programs usually feature professional education courses, including student teaching.

Graduate Degree

Graduate degrees are advanced degrees that some students pursue after earning a bachelor’s degree. The two most common are master of arts (MA) and master of science (MS). Other examples include master of fine arts (MFA) and master of business administration (MBA). A graduate degree is like an extension of a bachelor’s degree whereby a student further enriches their knowledge of their field and narrows their f ocus of study .

Graduate degrees usually take around two years to attain, but this can vary based on the degree. Many institutions allow students to enroll in a graduate program in a field unrelated to their bachelor’s degree. This may require some extra credit hours, though.

Professional Degree

Students earn professional degrees to become licensed to work in professions like medicine or law. The M.D. degree is an example. Professional programs generally require a college degree before you start them and then at least three years of study to complete.

Doctoral Degree and Professional Degree

The doctorate and professional degrees are the highest levels of education one can attain. They signify mastery of a subject and often come with the coveted title “doctor.” Although the two are similar, there are some important differences.

A doctorate or doctoral degree is a research-oriented degree focused on scholarly development. The most common doctorate is the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). Despite the name, a PhD covers many disciplines, not just philosophy.

A professional degree is an application-oriented degree, meaning it prepares students for a specific working position. There are many types of professional degrees. Some examples are: doctor of medicine (MD), doctor of pharmacy (PharmD), and doctor of medicine in dentistry (DMD) in the field of medicine, and juris doctor (JD) and doctor of juridical science (SJD) in the field of law.

A graduate degree does not need to precede a doctorate or professional degree. Often, students will go straight into a doctorate or professional program following their bachelor’s, however some programs will require a master’s degree to gain entry. Completion can take anywhere from four to eight years, depending on the field of study.

Many doctoral students work either full-time or part-time while they study in the program. This, along with the field they are studying, will significantly affect the time it takes to complete their degree.

Joint Degrees

Some students may choose to pursue a joint degree, also known as a dual degree, which means they simultaneously study for a bachelor’s degree and a graduate degree. Joint degrees can be pursued in the same college or can be split between two different colleges. For example, Berklee College of Music and Harvard University offer a dual bachelor’s/master’s program in which a student receives a bachelor of arts (BA) at Harvard and a master of music (MM) or master of arts (MA) at Berklee.

Depending on the program, it may be possible to study at the same time for a master's degree and a doctorate. For example, the University of Southern California offers a program leading to doctor of pharmacy and master of public health degrees.

How do academic degrees go in order?

There are four types of degrees. In order of level of education, they rank as associate degree, bachelor’s degree, master’s or graduate degrees, and doctorate or professional degrees.

How many degrees are there in college?

Most community colleges offer only two-year associate degrees, while most four-year colleges offer bachelor’s, graduate, and doctorate or professional degrees. Some four-year colleges may also have associate degree programs.

How many years do you have to be in college to achieve certain degrees?

Though it will vary between academic disciplines, associate degrees usually take two years to achieve, bachelor’s degrees take four years, master’s degrees take two years, and doctorate or professional degrees can take anywhere from four to eight years.

What is an eight-year degree?

An “eight-year degree” typically refers to a doctorate degree or PhD. Although some doctorates can be completed in as little as three years, these degrees typically require more time studying highly specialized subjects. Students in these programs often must defend a dissertation while already working a professional job.

What are the four years of college called?

The first four years of college are the undergraduate years, and a student studying for a bachelor’s degree is called an undergraduate. The four years refer to the total accumulated credit hours; a student may take fewer or more than four years to attain their undergraduate degree.

What does a graduate degree mean?

A graduate degree or master’s degree is an advanced degree that some students pursue after earning a bachelor’s degree. Earning a graduate degree signifies mastery of a particular field of study and focuses more intensely on a subject than a bachelor’s degree does. Graduate degrees usually take two years to attain.

What do you call a master's student?

A master's student is called a graduate student or “grad student” for short. A student still studying for a bachelor’s degree is called an undergraduate student or “undergrad student.”

How many years is a master's degree?

Graduate degrees usually take around two years to attain, but this can vary based on the degree. Many institutions allow students to enroll in a graduate program in a field unrelated to their bachelor’s degree, although it may require some extra credit hours.

Related Articles

Should I Pursue A Master’s or A Ph.D.?

The first step in deciding on the right graduate program for you is to figure out which degree will best serve you—a master’s or a doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.). Here are a few factors to consider.

What are your career goals?

• Professional master’s: A good choice if you want to develop a particular skill set in order to practice a particular profession. This type of degree provides coursework focused on learning and practicing skills.
• Research master’s: A good fit if you want to gain expertise in a discipline and know how to teach it. A research master’s typically includes a research project or thesis and comprehensive exams in addition to coursework and provides experience in research and scholarship.
• Ph.D. (doctor of philosophy): Consider this option if your goal is to ground yourself in a body of research and develop the ability to add to that body of knowledge. Ph.D. study includes a major research project in addition to coursework, and a Ph.D. is the highest scholastic degree awarded by American universities. Contrary to common perception, career paths for Ph.D. graduates are quite varied, not just limited to academia. Ph.D. training helps you hones skills such as writing, research, teaching, data analysis, communicating complex topics—all of which can translate into many sectors, including industry, government, nonprofit, and entrepreneurship.

See career data for Duke graduate programs' alumni

How much time do you have to pursue a graduate degree?

Master’s degrees typically take two years to complete, while Ph.D. programs generally take five to seven years ( see Duke programs' time-to-degree ). That is a significant difference in commitment and opportunity costs. It might also play a key role in deciding which factors take higher priority as you evaluate a program. How does the length of the program fit with your career and family plans? How important is the surrounding community if you are going to be there for seven years instead of two? How long are you able or willing to go on a limited income while in graduate school?

How much can you afford to pay for a graduate degree?

Consider your personal financial situation (e.g., how much savings and student loans do you have), as well as how much financial aid you can get. Master’s and Ph.D. programs differ greatly in the amount of financial aid available. Ph.D. programs tend to offer significantly more financial support than master’s programs (but often will have research or teaching requirements). 

A typical Ph.D. financial aid package usually includes coverage of tuition and fees, a living stipend, and some level of support for health insurance for a set number of years. For instance, Duke’s standard Ph.D. package covers tuition, mandatory fees, and a stipend for five years, as well as health insurance premiums for six years. 

Within an institution, the level of financial support often differs across programs, so be sure to ask your specific program about the financial aid it offers. There are also many national organizations that provide competitive fellowships and scholarships for graduate students.

Know which degree you want to pursue? Here are some key things to look for in a program .

The 6 Types of Degrees at University (Associate to Doctorate)

The 6 types of university degrees are: associates degree, bachelor’s degree, master’s degree, research doctorate, professional degree, honorary doctorate.

Types of Degrees

1. associate degrees, types of associate degrees.

An associate degree can be awarded for both academic and professional subjects, like marketing and liberal arts, as well as in terminal career and technical programs like nursing and radiography.

Unlike diplomas and certificates, the associate degree is recognized by both the U.S. Government and many other countries.

Degrees earned in academic programs are almost always:

• Associate of Arts (AA)
• Associate of Science (AS)
• Associate of Applied Science (AAS)

Associate of Applied Science (AAS) is a common degree in technical and vocational programs, but many indicate the specialization in the name, e.g., Associate of Electrical Engineering Technology (A.E.E.T) [2]

How Long is an Associates Degree?

Associate programs usually take about two years of full-time study or roughly 60 credits to complete. Many students attend part-time and take longer.

How much does an Associates Degree Cost?

Associates degrees have lower tuition costs than other postsecondary degrees. According to the U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, average yearly tuition from 2016-2019 was $3,800 at a public institution, $16,000 at private non-profits, and $19,000 at private for-profits. [3]

Average Tuition Cost for an Associate Degree (Excluding cost of supplies and board)

What Jobs can you Get with an Associates Degree?

Associates degrees offer preparation for many different kinds of careers, from web designer to fire-fighting or the visual arts.

From 2018-2019, some of the most popular were in business, especially accounting, health professions, and liberal arts. [4] Requirements are completed in the classroom and in lab facilities designed to emulate “the real world.”

Learning during an associate degree is predominantly supervised and not self-directed. Most associate degree credits are recognized by undergraduate programs and can be transferred. [5]

How Popular are Associates Degrees?

Title IV Institutions awarded almost one million associate degrees in 2019-2020. Twice as many were awarded by two-year colleges than by four-year universities. [6]

A recent report by Georgetown University concluded not only that associate degrees now almost as common as bachelor degrees, but also that in technical fields they offer an excellent return (median yearly salary) on investment. [7]

2. Bachelor Degrees

Types of bachelor degrees.

Bachelor degrees are offered in a wide range of disciplines, from the fine arts, to engineering, psychology, pre-law, or kinesiology.

Most bachelor degrees are either:

• Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) or
• Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.),

However, but a number of discipline-specific names are also in use. Some of the more common are:

• Bachelor of Fine Arts (B.F.A.)
• Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch.)
• Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.)
• Bachelor of Engineering (B.E. or B.Eng.), and
• Bachelor of Computer Science (B.C.S). [8]

How long is a Bachelors Degree?

Completion of all requirements for a bachelors degree usually takes four years of full-time study or approximately 120 credits. Programs with a work-study component may take five years. In England, you can complete some bachelors degrees in three years.

How Much does a Bachelors Degree Cost?

A bachelor’s degree is expensive. According to the U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, tuition at public institutions for in-state resident averaged $8500/yr in 2019.

Average tuition at private for-profit schools was $17.5/k year and at nonprofit institutions $30k/yr. Books and supplies are estimated at another $1200/yr. For students living on-campus, room and board is an additional $10,000. [9]

Average Tuition Cost for a Bachelor’s Degree (Excluding cost of supplies and board)

How you Learn in a Bachelor Degree

Bachelor degrees are designed to either prepare the student for entry-level positions in the labor market or advanced research.

Courses are taught by instructors with graduate-level qualifications often with the help of currently enrolled graduate students.

Bachelor degrees require both breadth and specialization. The student must both complete advanced coursework in a declared “major” discipline and general education requirements (languages, introductory-level courses in other academic departments, etc.).

An assigned faculty advisor is responsible for helping the student construct a curriculum in which the two components complement each other and prepare the student appropriately for the next stage of their career. [10]

How is a Bachelor with Honors Different?

A bachelor degree with honors requires more independent study, the successful submission of a thesis or portfolio-type project, and oftentimes-stringent admission qualifications.

In other words, a bachelor with honors additionally requires seeing a large project through to completion and maintaining high academic standards. [11]

How Popular are Bachelors Degrees?

Bachelor degrees are the most common postsecondary award in America. 36% of the adult population over the age of 25 holds one and that proportion has been rising over the past decade. [12]

Roughly two million bachelor degrees were awarded by Title IV institutions in 2019-2020. [13]

Read Also: Is a Liberal Arts Degree Useless?

3. Master Degrees

Types of masters degrees.

A master’s degree is the first and most popular graduate-level award in the U.S. higher education system.

The most common academic master’s degrees are:

• Master of Arts (M.A.) and
• Master of Science (M.S.).

It is also common for professional fields to specify the subject matter of the program in the award title, e.g.:

• Master of Business Administration (M.B.A.) or
• Master of Public Health

In recent years, doctoral research programs have increasingly accepted applicants without a master’s degree. The most common awards include health and medical fields, social services, public administration, business, and education. [14]

How long is a Master’s Degree?

Masters programs are usually two years, but can vary to accommodate part-time studies or the acquisition of additional skills.

How much does a Master’s Degree Cost?

Average tuition for a master’s degree is about $20k/yr. This varies widely between school and program. For example, although the average tuition at public institutions is only $12k/yr, the average among the most expensive schools (75 th percentile or more) is almost $45k. [15]

2021-2022 tuition fees for a Master in Business Administration at Columbia are a whopping $77k/yr. [16]

What are the Requirements for a Master’s Degree?

The requirements for a master’s degree in an academic field are generally four-fold:

• Completion of graduate-level courses;
• Passing of comprehensive exams in the specialty field as well as at least one subfield;
• Preparation and defense of a master’s thesis.

A faculty supervisor is responsible for helping the student craft a curriculum appropriate for their future goals and supervising the research project. In the fine arts, a portfolio or large project will often be substituted for the thesis.

In some professional fields, it is common for master’s degrees to be structured as for other academic degrees such as a bachelor’s. This is especially true of engineering, computer science, and public health.

In other fields, programs are structured to prepare students to work outside the academic research setting. Professional internships are a frequent component of these degrees as well as the completion of courses and a large capstone project.

How Popular are Masters Degrees?

The proportion of the population that holds a master’s degree has doubled in the last two decades, rising from 10.4% to 21%. [17]

Title IV institutions awarded 844k master’s degrees in 2019-2020. [18]

4. Research Doctorate

Types of doctorates.

The research doctorate is the highest academic qualification in the American education system.

By far the most common doctorate is the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.).

More than three-quarters of all earned doctorates in 2019 were in the sciences and engineering. [19] Between those two fields, the life sciences and psychology and the social sciences are most common.

Although the sheer number of doctorates awarded in non-sciences and engineering fields each year continues to grow, they account for a smaller percentage than before the economic downturn of 2008. [20]

How Long is a Doctorate?

A doctorate usually takes between six and nine years to complete. Students tend to complete faster in the sciences and engineering fields than in the humanities , arts, or education.

Over the past two decades, the median time of completion for most degrees has stayed the same. In education, this number recently fell to twelve years (from more than fourteen in 2000).

How Much Does a Doctorate Cost?

Most research doctorate programs offer funding of some kind to admitted students. Often, the terms of their enrolment include teaching, laboratory, or research service in exchange for tuition and stipend.

This funding is often only for the first years of doctoral work, and afterwards the student is expected to secure grants and scholarships from within the university or from external sources like the NHS (in England).

In 2019, less than 30% of doctorate recipients in science and engineering fields excluding psychology and social sciences reported holding debt related to their graduate education. In psychology and social sciences, humanities and arts, and in other non-S&E fields, about 50%; in education, less than 50%. [21]

What to Expect

Structured doctoral programs combine doctoral-level coursework, comprehensive exams, and the submission and oral defense of a doctoral dissertation before a committee of two-to-five senior faculty.

In the sciences, it is not uncommon for the dissertation to be substituted with a portfolio of two-or-three articles published in peer-reviewed journals about the candidate’s research project.

Most doctoral programs in the United States include some form of work experience for the student, either in preparation for a role as a postsecondary instructor or as a laboratory researcher.

In 2019, more than 40% of all doctorate recipients with jobs were employed in academia. Those employed in industry or business had higher median annual salaries. [22]

How Popular are Doctorates?

Approximately 56k doctoral degrees were awarded in 2019-2020. [23]

5. Professional Degrees

Types of professional degrees.

There are ten fields that award professional degrees that prepare a student to qualify for state licensure in their field.

Tuition fees vary widely between programs. The figures provided are approximated medians.

• Medicine (M.D. And D.O.) — $30k resident $60k non-resident /yr —4 years [24]
• Veterinary Medicine (D.V.M) — $32k resident $55k non-resident /yr — 4 years [25]
• Law (J.D.) — $25k resident $50k nonresident /yr — 4 years [26]
• Dentistry (D.D.S. Or D.M.D) — $55k resident $72k non-resident /yr — 4 years [27]
• Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) — $25k resident $50k non-resident /yr — 4 years [28]
• Optometry (O.D.) — $36k resident $50k non-resident /yr — 4 years [29]
• Podiatry (D.P.M., D.P., or Pod. D.) — $40k/yr — 4 year [30]
• Physical Therapy (D.P.T.)— $18k resident $40k nonresident /yr — 3-4 years [31]
• Audiology (Au.D.)— $40k resident $100k/non-resident / full — 10 semesters [32]
• Chiropractic (D.C. Or D.C.M.)— $30k /yr — 4 years [33]

Divinity (D.Min or M.Div) is an outlier. Both tuition costs and program lengths vary widely in these programs, as does the focus of their curriculum. Some programs specialize in international missionary work, others in leading a local congregation.

What is the Purpose of a Professional Degree?

Professional degrees are designed to prepare someone for a specific profession that requires a license to practice.

Professional degree programs are generally accredited by a specialized agency. State-level licensing boards set their own policies about degree requirements, qualifying institutions, and mandatory standardized entrance or examinations, like the MCATs, LSATs, and bar exams.

In other words, professional licensure is not always easily transferable from one jurisdiction to another. [34]

6. Honorary Doctorates

Honorary degrees do not have formal requirements but are instead awarded in recognition for outstanding achievement to either the university or society at large.

The submission and selection process for honorary degrees is often shrouded in secrecy. At most universities, several people are nominated for such awards each year and discussed at length in closed-committee meetings. [35]

The recipient is often asked to deliver a formal speech at commencement ceremonies. For example, Dr. John Gottman addressed the crowd of University of Wisconsin-Madison graduates in 2020 on the occasion of his honorary PhD in recognition of his work on marital stability and divorce prediction. [36] While other diplomas open doors to further academic or professional studies, an honorary degree recognizes work already accomplished.

It is considered bad form for the holder to use the formal address “Dr.”, with the notable exception of Dr. Benjamin Franklin, who was awarded an honorary doctorate from both University of St. Andrews (1759) and Oxford (1762).

Honorary degrees are awarded for far more than research, however.

Philanthropists, musicians, politicians, and entrepreneurs are frequent recipients. Oprah has four (Princeton, Howard University, Duke University, and Harvard), and before winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014, Malala Yousafzai was granted an honorary master’s for her work on children’s education from the University of Edinburgh. [37]

Because honorary degrees are a public and explicit acknowledgement of outstanding contribution, the actions of recipients can pose problems for university PR departments, often years later.

For example, Bill Cosby collected over sixty honorary degrees from such illustrious institutions as Temple, NYU, and Yale and was once a frequent fixture of college commencement podiums. Since 2015, most of these awards have been rescinded. [38]

Likewise, Pres. Donald Trump began his run for office with five honorary doctorates (LeHigh, Robert Gordon, Wagner, and Liberty), but in 2021, all but the two from Liberty have been revoked. [39]

Honorary degrees have long been criticized as a shady means of fundraising. Universities like the Michigan Institute of Technology and the University of Virginia, for example, have policies that prohibit these awards. [40] Others, like UCLA, have suspended the practice and award medals of recognition instead. [41]

In recent years, Internet sellers of honorary doctorates have become more common. Often these “colleges” claim “accreditation” from an acronym-named board with no government recognition. In exchange for a sizeable sum, the donor receives by mail an impressive-looking diploma to adorn their wall.

There are six major types of university degrees. These range in progression from an associates degree up to a doctorate. Below associates degree are certificates and diplomas, which are not considered degrees.

Usually, you cannot get one degree until you have completed the lower form of degree. The major exception is an honorary doctorate, which is recognition for life’s work rather than coursework. Still, honorary doctorates are not honored as true degrees.

[1] https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/edlite-structure-us.html

[2] https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/edlite-structure-us.html

[3] . The U.S. Department of Education only receives information from “Title IV” institutions, or those that qualify for federal aid programs.

U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2011 and Winter 2016-17 through Winter 2019-20, Student Financial Aid component; and Fall 2010 through Fall 2019, Institutional Characteristics component. (This table was prepared September 2020.)

[4] U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Fall 2009 through Fall 2019, Completions component. (This table was prepared June 2020).

[5] https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/edlite-structure-us.html

[6] U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, IPEDS, Fall 2020, Completions component (provisional data).

[7] https://1gyhoq479ufd3yna29x7ubjn-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/CEW-SubBA-PR.pdf

[8] https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/edlite-structure-us.html

[9] U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, IPEDS, Fall 2020, Institutional Characteristics component (provisional data).

[10] https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/edlite-structure-us.html

[11] https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/edlite-structure-us.html

[12] https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2020/educational-attainment.html

[13] U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, IPEDS, Fall 2020, Completions component (provisional data).

[14] https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/edlite-structure-us.html

[15] U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:89-99), “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:90-99), and “Institutional Characteristics Survey” (IPEDS-IC:89-99); IPEDS Fall 2000 through Fall 2018, Institutional Characteristics component; and IPEDS Spring 2001 through Spring 2019, Fall Enrollment component. (This table was prepared December 2019.)

[16] https://academics.gsb.columbia.edu/mba/tuition-financial-aid

[17] https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2019/02/number-of-people-with-masters-and-phd-degrees-double-since-2000.html .

[18] U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, IPEDS, Fall 2020, Completions component (provisional data).

[19] https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf21308/report/fields-of-study

[20] https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf21308/report/fields-of-study

[21] https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf21308/report/executive-summary

[22] https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf21308/report/postgraduation-trends

[23] https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf21308/report/executive-summary

[24] https://www.aamc.org/data-reports/reporting-tools/report/tuition-and-student-fees-reports

[25] https://www.aavmc.org/becoming-a-veterinarian/funding-your-degree/cost-comparison-tool/

[26] https://www.usnews.com/education/best-graduate-schools/top-law-schools/articles/law-school-cost-starting-salary

[27] https://www.ada.org/en/science-research/health-policy-institute/dental-statistics/education

[28] https://public.tableau.com/app/profile/aacpdata/viz/TuitionDashboard_16300967895330/TuitionandFeesDashboard

[29] https://www.sco.edu/optometry-schools-in-usa ; https://eyesoneyecare.com/resources/the-best-optometry-schools/

[30] https://www.aacpm.org/wp-content/uploads/2018-2019_CIB_FINAL_FOR-WEB-1.pdf

[31] https://www.ptprogress.com/best-physical-therapy-schools/

[32]   https://www.asha.org/siteassets/uploadedfiles/data-at-a-glance-for-audiology.pdf ; https://www.kumc.edu/school-of-health-professions/hearing-and-speech/audiology-(aud)/tuition-costs-and-financial-assistance.html

[33] https://handsdownbetter.org/about-chiropractic/ ; http://doctorly.org/cost-vs-reward-of-a-chiropractic-school-education/

[34] https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/edlite-structure-us.html

[35] https://commencement.jhu.edu/our-history/honorary-degree-nominations/ https://www.nyu.edu/about/policies-guidelines-compliance/policies-and-guidelines/honorary-degrees-policy-statement0.html .

[36] https://news.wisc.edu/broadway-star-prominent-psychologist-to-be-speakers-for-spring-commencement-ceremonies .

[37] https://www.ed.ac.uk/news/2013/malala-211013 .

[38] https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/the-academy-has-spoken-but-how-will-colleges-handle-cosby-630691/ https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2015/09/bill-cosby-is-being-stripped-of-his-honorary-doctorates/408235/

[39] https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaeltnietzel/2021/01/09/liberty-is-now-the-only-university-to-not-rescind-donald-trumps-honorary-degrees/?sh=6f3d635c10b9

[40] https://news.mit.edu/2001/commdegrees .

[41] http://www.adminpolicies.ucla.edu/APP/Number/140 .

Chris Drew (PhD)

Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. [Image Descriptor: Photo of Chris]

• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ 15 Self-Actualization Examples (Maslow's Hierarchy)
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ Forest Schools Philosophy & Curriculum, Explained!
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ Montessori's 4 Planes of Development, Explained!
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ Montessori vs Reggio Emilia vs Steiner-Waldorf vs Froebel

2 thoughts on “The 6 Types of Degrees at University (Associate to Doctorate)”

I’m unsure if you have your statistics in the proper order when discussing Bachelor degrees; how is it that at a private non-profit the cost is significantly elevated in comparison with the for-profit cost? In the previous section for Associate degrees it is more expensive to attend the for-profit universities, which makes sense, as they are seeking to profit.

Good catch – the sources on this seem credible to me, though, so not sure why this is the case. There may be some market incentives or interventions that skew the data? I’d be curious if any other readers have an answer to this.

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Bachelors vs Masters vs PhD – Explained in Pictures

Ever wondered what is the difference between Bachelors vs Masters vs PhD?

This the the Best damn good explanation of What is PhD and while explaining that, you will know the difference in Bachelors vs Masters vs PhD. I have I have come across.

Bachelors vs Masters vs PhD

With a bachelor’s degree, you gain a specialty:

A master’s degree deepens that specialty:

Reading research papers takes you to the edge of human knowledge:

Once you’re at the boundary, you focus:

You push at the boundary for a few years:

Until one day, the boundary gives way:

Of course, the world looks different to you now:

So, don’t forget the bigger picture:

Now you know “ What is PhD ” and understood the major difference between Bachelors vs Masters vs PhD.

Are you ready to push the boundaries of human knowledge?

You might be undecided about studying PhD. Maybe this article inspired you to push the knowledge boundary.

If not read the following 2 articles.

• 5 Years, 20 Countries and 25 Universities to get into PhD
• Internship at Large Hadron Collider, PhD and Researcher in US Army

Next, you have to understand timeline and steps to get a PhD degree .

Remember – You need passion and time commitment to do PhD. Don’t apply for PhD because you can earn more money.

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40 Comments

Well put and easy to understand and above all challenging.

The teaching of linear thinking as we have seen for centuries focusing in on one item of interest while many topics of research are related. In order for a person to find solutions to problems understanding matrices of related subjects leads to many doors of possibilities to finding solutions instead of satisfying a theory. Great diagram. While you see a circle, we should be visualising a globe. Life is not flat! Thinking should not be shallow nor linear.

When one takes a phd one wants to laser focus that research topic.

I’m just a 12 year old ensuring my future by knowing all of these stuff before I need to know it

I m pursuing 2 yr MBBS and i want to know whether to focus on csir ugc net for doing PhD or ms or MD which one has a good payscale

hiii every one i completed my btech in 2011 with 59.09% for these completing i spend 6 years 5months to complete it … … After that i started Mtech with in 2 years i have completed and i have a 3. 4 years of experience as a developer ….. now i want to do job in USA what was salary i can get for this profile …….. OR i need to study MS

Do you have the talent with the Node.js and the Mongo DB? Is you have proven track record of doing needful? Do you have doctorate?

Very good example, made me think better of where I need to be.

This is brilliant! To its creators and the admins of this website…thank you! 🙂

remember, even PhD, its look like an acne from a knowledge face

Sorry. I would have to disagree. I only have my masters. But I have encountered so many doctorate individuals who know far less than me. Sorry to disappoint you and contradict your article.

I think the big differnce, is that with masters you’ll only know more and more about more topics but not further than the human knowledge at the time. A PHD will mark you as someone that introduced something new to human knowledge that didn’t exist before, and that doesn’t imply the person knowing more or less, but that they pushed those boundaries.

does buisness schools accept GRE scores?what if i give GRE and then apply in the universities?any possibility?

Yes! Business schools do accept GRE scores. Here is the current list of business schools accepting official GRE scores for MBA admissions. Have a look. http://www.ets.org/gre/revised_general/about/mba/programs

I always thought it was “BS” for “Bull Shit”, “MS” for “More Shit” and “PhD” for “Piled Higher and Deeper”. Ah well…learn something new every day….

hi…. i am presently doing m.tech in gitam university. b.tech-74.21 m.tech-9(cgpa) up to first year i am taking gre on october… i dont have publications is there any chance to get the phd admission or can i apply for ms program only… help me

im get ready to do for phd in abroad. so what is essential factors my btech 58% and mtech 72%

Accurate admission requirements are to be found on university websites, not on public forums such as these. If you can’t find it, contact the admissions department of the university you want to apply to. Masters degrees are not always a requirement for PhD programmes, but sometimes they are.

Essential factors for PhD admissions: Again, check the websites. Research skills, vision and motivation are really important. You’ll need a research proposal.

Hi Krishna!

It’s good to hear that you are interested to pursue Ph.D program. In vast majority of cases, prior academic publications are not required for Ph.D admissions in case if you are applying for Ph.D programs after completing of masters or bachelors degree program. Although after joining in Ph.D program, a student produces ‘n’ number of academic publications. So producing a publication prior to Ph.D admission is not so mandatory.

I am working as asst professor in engineering college of india.

hello, I am working as asst. professor chemical engineering, want to do PhD in chemical engineering field , how would i get admission in UK/USA universities and what is the chances to get admission there and how much investment I need ? Please give full information regarding it.

Full information is generally available on the websites of the specific universities. Admissions requirements, application processes and programme cost (I assume this is what you mean by “investment”) are all found on the websites of the respective universities. Chances of admission vary from university to university and not all universities put those statistics on their website, but if you put in some effort to go looking for it yourself, I think you should be able to find it.

I have 16+ Years and completed my DECE in 97, Btech (CMJU) in 2012 and Masters (Middlesex,UK) in 2013. I am looking for Phd opportunities in US for telecom field.

Can you provide me some details of the good consultants in India who is good in helping such cases. Also what are all the other preparation I should take care.

Hello,is medical degree a bsc or masters?thanks

Neither. BSc is bachelor of science. Medical degrees are bachelor of medicine and surgery (MBBS, MBChB, BMBS, MBBCh etc depending on how you abbreviate Medicinae Baccalaureus, Baccalaureus Chirurgiae). You generally carry the title of “doctor” afterwards, though, even without a PhD.

this one some what explainable…but good.

Thank you.. Raghu ram. This info has helped me allot to know about ph.d in Abroad..

I like to read more about it.

This is a most innovative way to describe “what is PhD ?” and I am indeed lucky to be associated with Dr. Matt Might.

I am working as Asst Prof. In India with Highest qualification of Masters in Engineering. Masters in engineering is the course which does not belive only on semester patern but gives lot of exposour to research work. Now I am very interested doing research in the domain of Image Processing . What are the different job aportunities ( Excluding Education Industries) after PhD form USA in Computer Engineering ( specifically in Image Processing Domain) u can suggest???

You will find most of the opportunities in research laboratories. After completing a doctoral program, it is very obvious that you would be involved in full time research. In fact many students go ahead for a post doctoral program as well and take up teaching jobs at the respective Universities.

I am working as Asst Prof. In India with Highest qualification of Masters in Engineering. Masters in engineering is the course which does not belive only on semester patern but gives lot of exposour to research work. Now I am very interested doing research in the domain of Image Processing . What are the different job aportunities ( Excluding Education Industries) after PhD in Computer Engineering ( specifically in Image Processing Domain) u can suggest???

very interesting and so true! !!

A nice explanation… Cleared all doubts…

This is one of the best way to visually understand the difference between BS, MS and PhD.

well, tat was Awesome !!

Amazing post! I don’t know like such a supportive and motivational article in my life.

Amazing post! Even though I don’t think I will pursue a Ph.D. , I really want to come close to making that dent in my life.

WOW, this is an amazing and innovative way HSB. The post deserves more comments and appreciation. Keep it up 🙂

Very nice I hope to read more like this.

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• Higher education

Academic degrees

We talk about the Bologna process and various academic degrees. Read the article so you don't get confused about PhD, MBA, MD, and other degrees.

An academic degree is a qualification assigned to students after completing one of the higher education programs at a university or college. The most common types of degrees are a Bachelor's degree, Master's degree, Doctoral degree / PhD. However, along with them, there are a number of qualifications, which are also called degrees and reflect the characteristics of a particular country.

The Bologna degree system — Bologna Process

A large role in the formation of academic degrees belongs to the Bologna Process, which was founded in 1999. Its goal was the convergence of educational systems in Europe and the creation of a single European Higher Education Area (EHEA). Within the framework of the Bologna Process, it was planned to introduce a three-stage qualification system and a unified European system for transferring and accumulating credits ( ECTS ) in the participating countries :

To date, there are 48 countries participating in the Bologna Process. Despite a fairly stable system, the names of the degrees inside the cycles may differ. So, Bachelor’s in France is a Licence . Some countries also continue to assign specific qualifications, which makes it difficult to correlate education levels. For example, Associate's degree in the USA, Foundation degree in Britain, Specialist in Russia, etc.

It is also worth noting that most states that are not formally part of the process actually use the same degrees (for example, the USA, Canada, South Korea, New Zealand, etc.). They can have their own variations of additional qualifications, credits, and terms of study, but almost never depart from the three-cycle system.

Preparatory programs — Foundation / Pathway

Foundation p rograms (sometimes — Pathway Programs / Preparatory Courses) exist at universities of Europe , USA , Canada , Australia , New Zealand , Singapore , Japan , and many other countries. Graduating from a Foundation course does not grant a degree, but helps to achieve the required level for admission to the first stage of higher education.

Foundation program:

• Prepares the applicant to study at the university, gives the necessary basic knowledge;
• Covers a missing year of study, if an applicant has 11 years of secondary school (many countries adopted a 12-year system of secondary education);
• Combines intensive language practice with specialized preparation for entering a certain specialty.

Depending on the university Foundation program lasts from 6 months to 1.5 years. At the end of the training, a certificate is issued, which is accepted by this educational institution, as well as by partner universities. Sometimes, applicants who successfully complete the preparatory program are automatically enrolled in the university or exempted from passing entrance exams. In any case, with a Foundation certificate, the probability of entering a selected university is 80-100%.

Important : the Foundation / Pathway Program should not be confused with the Foundation degree . The latter is a special degree that exists exclusively in British universities.

Associate's degree

Associate's degree is awarded in the United States , as well as some schools in Hong Kong , South Korea , Australia , Canada , and the Netherlands , after two years of college or university. Associate’s degrees are mostly obtained in the US community colleges , where tuition costs are much lower than in the universities. Associate's degree programs are common in the arts, applied sciences, business, medical services, engineering, natural sciences.

Associate's degree allows:

• To save on tuition in university during the first two years of study and then transfer to a university for a third bachelor’s year;
• To facilitate admission to a prestigious university for those students who have not scored enough points on SAT or other entrance exams immediately after school;
• To improve English to the level required for university studies.

Upon completion of training, graduates are awarded the degree of associate, which is accepted by the universities in the US and several other countries if a student decides to continue training. In addition, this degree is enough to find work in some fields (junior staff).

Variations : AA , AS , AAS , AAB , ABA , AAT , AAET , AE , AEng , AF , AGS , AIT , AN , AOS , AS-CAD , AT .

Examples of equivalents :

• UK : Foundation degree, Certificate of Higher Education (CertHE), Diploma of Higher Education (DipHE);
• France : French Diplôme Universitaire de Technologie (DUT), Brevet de Technicien Supérieur (BTS);
• Russia : diploma of secondary vocational education (college, technical school) .
• Gives access to employment in a specific profession;
• Allows you to continue studies in the 3rd year of bachelor's program (a top-up course) and get a bachelor's degree with honors in the same or partner university.

Undergraduate — Bachelor's degree

Bachelor's degree is an academic degree that is awarded to students at the end of the main programs of higher professional education. For admission to the bachelor’s program, one needs a certificate of completed secondary education, recognized as equivalent to the local one. After graduation, a student can find employment in a specialty or continue education in the next cycle.

In some countries bachelor's degrees are divided into ordinary and with honors. The latter may differ in the number of credits or, in rare cases, allow you to enter a PhD without a master's degree.

Bachelor's degree:

• Serves as a proof of the fundamental and practical training of the graduate in the chosen profile;
• Grants the right to work in the specialty (the majority of graduates from the US , Canada , Australia , New Zealand , Europe prefer to stop their education at the bachelor’s cycle and start a career);
• Corresponds to the level of education required for admission to the master’s.

To get a bachelor's degree , you need to study at the university from 3 to 6 years depending on the chosen specialty, country, and institution. As a rule, most programs take 3-4 years. A bachelor's program for a period of 5-6 years is provided for students of medicine, architecture, and sometimes law.

Variations : BA , BSc , BFA , BEng , BBA , BEc , BN etc.

Postgraduate — Master's degree

Master's degree is an academic degree awarded at the end of the master’s studies in many countries around the world. Master’s is the second cycle of higher professional education. In order to start a career in a chosen specialty, in most cases, a bachelor's degree is enough. Master's degree is for those who plan to connect their lives with science and research or just want to change their specialization .

Master's Degree will:

• Indicate that the student has gained deeper knowledge in the chosen profile;
• Give the opportunity to engage in scientific activities or enter doctoral studies (graduate school).

Education in the master's lasts 1-2 years depending on the country. In the UK , for example, this step takes one year of study, and in the USA — two years. Upon graduation, a graduate receives a master's degree.

Variations : MA , MSc , MBA , MRes , MPhil , Meng , LLM , MDiv , MTh , MLitt , MPA .

Doctoral degree — PhD

Doctorate / Doctoral degree is a postgraduate degree, which is assigned to experts in a particular field who have successfully completed doctoral studies. In one form or another PhD exists in all countries of the world. As a rule, master’s students and in very rare cases, the holders of the Bachelor's degree with Honors, which exists in Britain , Australia , New Zealand, are accepted into such programs. Historically the most common titles are PHD / DPhil / Doctor of Philosophy but, at present, it has no practical relation to philosophy and is awarded in all scientific fields.

This degree:

• Grants the opportunity to engage in scientific (research) work, to teach in universities or to start an academic career;
• Serves as a proof of the deep knowledge and high qualifications in the selected field.

In most countries of the world, doctoral studies last from 3 to 6 years and are the highest degree. PhD holders can conduct their research in the initial academic positions (Postdoc or Research Associate / Scientist / Fellow).

Variations : PhD /DPhil , EdD , rarely DSc , DMSc , DBA , DPA , DML , JSD , DDes , DA , DArch , DFA , DEng/DES .

Professional degrees

Professional degrees are a rather specific concept. Officially, they are granted in the United States and Great Britain , but could also be found in Australia , Canada and other countries of the British Commonwealth. The essence of the term varies greatly depending on the country.

For example, in the USA this is understood mainly as a doctoral degree, which is awarded if there is sufficient knowledge to obtain a license for professional practice (usually 6 years of higher education). The professional degree is contrasted with the usual Doctoral degree, the purpose of which is to conduct research and defend a dissertation.

In the UK, professional degrees are also subject to accreditation by authorized institutions. In fact, professional degrees here may have the names of a bachelor’s, master’s or doctor, but in most cases they are a combination of bachelor’s and master’s (5-6 years) while maintaining the historical name Bachelor's degree or the newer Integrated Master's degree. A frequent requirement is the availability of practical experience in the specialty. Professional doctoral studies in Britain equate to research (PhD) as it also includes hours of teaching and defense of the dissertation. In rare cases, professional degrees are intended for interns/board members.

Common to all countries are the main specialties that require professional degrees — medicine, law, engineering, finance and management, etc.

Variations :

• USA : MD , DDS , DVM , JD , DPharm , PsyD , DCSc , DHA , DSW , DAT ;
• UK : LLB , MBBS , BDS , BVS , MEng , MPharm , BSc+MArch , BEng + MSc , MBA , EdD , EngD .

What is there after PhD?

In most countries, the single-stage postgraduate education structure takes place, according to which PhD is recognized as the highest qualification. Further advancement on the academic ladder no longer means obtaining a degree followed by the defense of a doctoral dissertation, but an increase in academic rank (lecturer, professor, etc.), less often, obtaining an honorary (not academic) degree on the basis of merit to science (e.g. DLitt , LLD in Britain).

Want to study at a foreign university but don't know where to start? We can help!

Our specialists will find a university, arrange your documents, fill out the applications, and stay in touch until you receive an offer.

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Diploma, Bachelor, Master’s & PhD: Who Can Study?

• Date: Thursday December 9, 2021
• Author: UNITAR International

When it comes to pursuing higher education at a college or university, there are two things to keep in mind: entry requirements and career goals. But with a variety of academic degree levels, which one should you actually choose? Below is a guide we have put together specifically for Malaysian candidates.

Who Should Take a Diploma?

Diploma programmes are designed for candidates who want to work in vocational industries such as culinary arts and animation design. Diplomas also include theoretical and practical-based courses like early childhood education, accounting and business administration. Generally, diploma courses appeal to SPM school leavers and work professionals for several reasons.

Why Do You Need a Diploma?

Students who did not do well in their SPM examination while scoring 3 or 4 credits can consider applying for a diploma course. The course is typically 2 to 3 years of study. Compared to a bachelor’s degree programme, the duration is shorter for a diploma course which will allow you to graduate earlier. You can gain work experience ahead of others while saving up to study at a university later. By then, you’re likely to know what bachelor’s degree you should pursue after working for a while. But take note that diploma graduates are mainly assigned to entry-level jobs.

While diplomas are commonly made up of secondary school leavers, the programme also extends to cater to working adults (more than 20 years of age). For example, if you want to upskill as part of your current job’s requirement, or if you’re looking for a career switch, you can apply for a diploma programme via APEL .

Who Should Take a Bachelor’s Degree?

Bachelor degrees are undergraduate degrees in which students choose a subject to study at a higher education institution. In Malaysia, students who have undergone a diploma, foundation, matriculation or pre-university programmes including STPM and STAM are eligible to enrol in a bachelor’s degree programme . Alternatively, there are bachelor programmes that allow working professionals to enrol via APEL to make up for the previous lack of tertiary qualification.

Why Do You Need a Bachelor Degree?

A bachelor’s degree programme is usually around 3 or 4 years of study, with the exception of medical-related bachelor degrees extending to 5 years or above. Getting a bachelor’s degree fulfils the standard academic requirement at any company when applying for entry and mid-level jobs. It also exposes students to new ideas and approaches as well as developing transferable skills such as presentation skills, research skills, teamwork, time management and problem-solving.

Who Should Take a Master’s?

Master programmes are the next step for those who have completed their undergraduate studies. Candidates who usually enrol for their master’s want to further specialise based on what they studied in their bachelor degrees. For instance, someone who graduated with a Bachelor of Education (Hons) may want to undertake a Master of Education (Guidance & Counselling) next to specialise a particular field in education.

Why Should You Get a Master’s Degree?

People who are pursuing a master’s degree will typically graduate after 1 or 2 years of study, which is good news to those who want to start or resume their career quickly. It’s around the same programme duration as diplomas but typically shorter than bachelor and doctorate programmes. Even though the study period is short, it can be intensive and demanding as you’re now required to write and conduct research on a postgraduate level. Those who have graduated with a master’s degree may have the potential of earning a higher salary or getting a job promotion compared to undergraduate degree holders. You can enrol into a master’s programme after obtaining your bachelor’s degree or apply through APEL, where you can convert your work experience into credits when enrolling.

Who Should Take a PhD?

The final tertiary level would be PhD programmes . Individuals who hold a bachelor honours degree or a master’s degree can apply for a PhD study. Even if your bachelor’s degree is in business administration, you can still pursue the same subject on a PhD level.

Why Should You Get a PhD?

If you enjoyed the research vigour in your master’s and have a great interest in further specialising in the research field of your choice, getting a PhD is the way to go. Not only will you acquire a greater depth of knowledge in your chosen area, but it will no doubt impress your employers or job interviewers. Essentially, being a PhD holder makes you the “expert” in your field, which may land you in a leadership role or any top-ranking position at your organisation. Academic institutions, as well as STEM and non-STEM industries, welcome PhD graduates to contribute their expertise in their respective fields.

However, there is a subtle difference between a PhD and a doctorate programme. A PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) degree is within the doctorate category, which awards graduates with a research degree to pursue academic career paths, while a doctorate degree is aimed to specialise in a subject in theory and practice. For example, UNITAR’s new online DBA (Doctor in Business Administration) is a doctorate degree that’s the first fully online DBA programme in Malaysia.

If you’re unsure of what you should study at the university of your choice, consider your current life circumstances and what you want the degree to ultimately do for you. Possessing a tertiary qualification is without a doubt advantageous in terms of career and personal growth. Schedule an appointment with an academic counsellor today! Request info at UNITAR International University.

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College degrees in order: A complete list

College degrees in order of education level start with an associate degree, followed by a bachelor's degree, master's, and doctorate. This guide introduces each degree and details time lengths, prerequisites, common fields of study, and reasons to pursue the degree.  

Whether you're just starting to think about college or considering graduate school, this page might help.

Associate degree

Length of time to complete: One to two years Number of credits required: ~60

Best online associate degrees: Our top picks

An online associate degree equips graduates with the skills, training, and credentials for many entry-level jobs and continuing education paths.

High school graduates or GED completers who pursue an associate degree may want to enter the workforce quickly, save money, complete prerequisites toward a bachelor's, or explore a field of study before committing to a four-year program. 

Community colleges and technical schools award business administration associate degrees and computer science associate degrees , along with degrees in other popular areas like healthcare, liberal arts and sciences, and criminal justice. Learners looking for flexibility while they work or attend to family responsibilities or those interested in accelerating their studies can explore online associate degree options.

Associate degree curriculums may include internships, practicums, or capstone projects. In addition to a high school or GED transcript, you may need a minimum GPA or ACT/SAT scores.  

Associate degree types

Associate degree types include the three listed below. 

An associate of applied science appeals to students anxious to begin working in positions like paralegal and registered nurse. Associate of arts and associate of science degrees serve students interested in bachelor's programs or entry-level jobs. 

• Associate of Applied Science (AAS)
• Associate of Arts (AA)
• Associate of Science (AS)

Bachelor's degree

Length of time to complete: Four years Number of credits required: ~120 

Best online bachelor's degrees: Top undergrad degrees

The best online bachelor's degrees check all the right boxes when it comes to curricula, cost, and convenience. We've broken down our top picks here.

Bachelor's degrees prepare students to enter many professions, including accounting, engineering, and information technology. They also provide a gateway to graduate study.

Four-year colleges and universities offer bachelor's degrees. Online bachelor's degree programs offer opportunities to earn accelerated bachelor's degrees in one to three years. 

Admission typically requires a high school diploma or GED certificate, ACT/SAT scores, minimum GPAs, and prerequisite courses.

Bachelor's programs often offer internships and require graduates to complete capstone projects, practicums, or research papers. The four-year curriculum includes roughly two years of general studies and two years of major coursework. 

Students can often transfer in after earning their associate degrees for the final two years of a bachelor's program. 

SEE: Getting an internship with a tech company: Your how-to guide

Bachelor's degree types

Featured below are types of bachelor's degrees. They prepare you for careers in architecture and business administration or graduate study in the arts, fine arts, sciences, and humanities. 

• AAS-holders often return to school to advance their careers with a bachelor's of applied science.
• Bachelor of Applied Science (BAS)
• Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch.)
• Bachelor of Arts (BA)
• Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA)
• Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA)
• Bachelor of Science (BS)

Master's degree

Length of time to complete: One to three years Number of credits required: ~30  

Best online master's programs: Our top picks for 2022

We've chosen the best schools for online master's programs to provide you with expertise and credibility to thrive in your career.

Bachelor's degree-holders pursue master's degrees to advance their careers, increase their salaries, enter administrative or management positions, or prepare for doctoral study. 

You should expect an intensive program with internships , a capstone project or thesis, and comprehensive examinations. Enrollees specialize their studies in specific areas within their fields of study, such as nurse anesthesia or software engineering.  

Master's programs, especially those in executive-level business topics, may carry big price tags . But master's degrees can increase graduates' salaries by approximately 20%. 

You can opt for online master's programs , which may also offer the cheapest master's degrees . 

Some of the most in-demand master's degrees include advanced practice nursing, business administration, computer and information sciences, engineering, and healthcare administration.  

Master's degree types

A master of science covers areas like nursing, engineering, computer science, and biological sciences. Specific professional degrees include MBAs, healthcare and public health leadership, education, and social work. Many published writers hold MFA degrees.

• Master of Business Administration (MBA)
• Master of Education (M.Ed.)
• Master of Fine Arts (MFA)
• Master of Laws (LL.M.)
• Master of Public Administration (MPA)
• Master of Public Health (MPH)
• Master of Publishing (M.Pub.)
• Master of Science (MS)
• Master of Social Work (MSW)

SEE: Best online MBA degrees

Doctoral degree

Length of time to complete: Four to eight years Number of credits required: Highly variable

Best online Ph.D. programs: Doctoral degrees ranked

Online Ph.D. programs provide a flexible, effective path to becoming an expert in your field. Here are our top picks for the best online doctoral degrees to meet your needs.

Large research universities award doctoral degrees. Some, such as online Ph.D. programs , are offered remotely. 

Doctoral programs may require bachelor's or master's degrees, recommendation letters, and research proposals. 

Doctorates in areas like law, business administration, and medicine can be expensive. Many learners take out loans and apply for scholarships. 

Ph.D. programs, on the other hand, may offer teaching or research assistantships and stipends. This assistance can reduce or eliminate tuition costs.

Doctoral programs require several years to complete and prepare graduates for academic roles, executive positions, and top-level professional careers, including attorneys, doctors, psychiatrists, and educational administrators. 

You should expect extensive research projects or dissertations, clinicals and residencies, and/or comprehensive exams.

Doctoral degree types

The degrees listed below illustrate the range of doctorates available. For students who want to become faculty members at large research institutions or professionals like dentists, doctors, and lawyers, a doctoral degree often provides the only path.

• Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)
• Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS)
• Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)
• Doctor of Medicine (MD)
• Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.)
• Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
• Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.)
• Juris Doctor (JD)

READ THIS: Best online doctorate in business administration 2022

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Do You Need a Masters to Get a PhD [2024 Guide]

Do you need a masters to get a PhD? It is possible to earn your PhD without a masters program being completed first. This direct entry bachelor’s to PhD option can be a helpful way to reduce the time and money required to complete your education.

Earning a PhD degree may put you on the path to exciting and rewarding career opportunities in a variety of fields. It may also specifically prepare you for a career in research and teaching.

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While in many cases it is possible to earn your PhD without a masters, completing a masters program may sometimes be a better fit for your personal educational journey and career objectives.

Do You Need a Masters to Get a PhD?

No, a master’s degree is not always required to earn a PhD. A number of schools may allow you to enroll in a PhD-level program without having previously obtained your master’s degree if you meet the school’s and program’s admission criteria.

In some cases, Ph.D. programs may allow you to skip the need to obtain a master’s degree. These programs allow direct enrollment from a bachelor’s degree program into a PhD or doctorate program. Other schools may offer dual programs. These programs allow you to obtain a master’s graduate degree while you complete coursework for a PhD.

However, a growing number of universities now offer one year masters programs that may be beneficial to you and some of the highest paying masters degrees may be worth exploring before considering direct-entry PhD programs.

The availability of direct entry bachelor’s to PhD programs and dual master-PhD programs may vary from school to school. So, it can be helpful to research specific schools and fields of interest before applying.

Pros and Cons of Earning a PhD Without a Master’s

Earning a PhD without a master’s can offer some unique benefits, but depending on your career goals and personal objectives, it may come with some cons as well.

• Save time . Earning your PhD without a master’s will often save you time, as you won’t need to complete the 1 to 3 years required of a master’s education.
• Save money . Skipping a masters program may also save you money, as you get to avoid the tuition costs of a masters program.
• Enter the workforce more quickly . Attending a direct entry PhD program may allow you to enter the workforce more quickly and achieve advanced positions in your field sooner than other educational routes.
• PhD not always required . Depending on your career goals, a PhD may not be necessary or helpful in achieving your target. In these instances, earning a doctoral degree may simply increase the time it takes for you to begin working in your field of choice.
• Master’s degrees can offer clarity and experience . Earning a master’s may offer perspective in terms of choosing a trajectory for your studies in a PhD program. A master’s also allows you to experience postsecondary studies that are more self-directed than bachelor degree programs.
• Master’s degrees can offer competitive advantage . In some cases, it may be more challenging to compete with other students who have completed a master’s program when it comes to being accepted into a PhD program or competing for certain research topics.

Enrolling in a direct entry bachelors to PhD program may not be right for everyone. It may be a good option for you, though, if you’re interested in obtaining your PhD and finishing your educational journey in less time and at lesser cost.

If you are interested in changing careers and you do decide that a masters degree is right for you, you may want to consider the best master’s degrees for career change that many universities offer their grad students.

Can You Get a PhD Without a Masters?

Yes, you can get a PhD without first obtaining a master’s degree. A number of universities offer direct entry to PhD programs from undergraduate or bachelor degree studies.

In some cases, specific schools or programs may prefer that applicants hold a master’s degree. Other options that may exist are dual master and PhD programs, which are available from certain universities.

Admission criteria to a PhD program will vary from school to school. Criteria may include the completion of an application form, submission of GRE or GMAT scores, payment of an application fee, and a written statement of purpose.

Other criteria for admission to a PhD without masters program could include submission of a resume, letters of reference, and transcripts from previous postsecondary studies, such as your bachelor’s degree.

How Hard Is It to Get into a PhD Program?

Entry requirements for doctorate degrees vary from school to school and across programs.

Some common requirements, though, that you may come across include the completion of a bachelor’s degree program, a letter of interest, and a submission of a CV or resume. Some schools may require you to submit GRE or GMAT scores, but this requirement is becoming less common among accredited programs and institutions.

Once accepted into a PhD program, you may be required to undertake a significant amount of self-directed study and research, complete advanced coursework in your field of study, and fulfill a dissertation requirement.

What Can You Do with a PhD?

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics , there are a number of rewarding careers that may be available to you with a PhD. Some career fields in which a PhD is valuable include health, education, finance, management, and governance. Postsecondary health education and physical therapy are among the highest paying PhD degrees available.

Some positions that you may qualify for with a PhD include psychologist, economist, postsecondary teacher, political scientist, anthropologist, archeologist, and biochemist. Other positions could include engineer, historian, and chemist.

Understanding what a PhD degree is can help you plan your career goals. It is common for a PhD education to lead to careers in research, where you can contribute to the existing breadth of knowledge and understanding in a particular field. Teaching is another professional area common to PhD graduates, including teaching at universities and colleges.

How Long Does It Take to Get a PhD Without a Masters?

Completing a master’s degree generally takes anywhere from 1 to 2 years, depending on the type of program and attendance schedule.

Obtaining a PhD without a masters degree is a unique opportunity that may allow you to shorten your academic journey. Traditionally, a bachelor’s degree takes 4 years to complete while PhD degrees can take anywhere from 3 to 5 years, depending on the program and school you attend.

Earn Your PhD Online

Earning your PhD online without a master’s may be a beneficial way for you to achieve advanced level education. You may complete a terminal degree in your field of choice while saving time and money. You may also benefit from advancement early in your career.

There are a variety of direct entry and accelerated PhD programs online available from accredited schools. You may find that obtaining your PhD without first earning a master’s degree allows you to enter into your profession of choice much quicker than expected.