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Dissertation vs thesis! What are you writing?
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Many graduate students from universities in Canada often get confused and mix both terms. While these terms are often used interchangeably, they carry distinct meanings and purposes in academia. Read this blog to fully understand the difference between a thesis and a dissertation.
A dissertation is a substantial piece of academic writing typically required to complete a doctoral degree (such as a Ph.D.). It represents an original and significant contribution to the field of study and is usually the culmination of several years of research and study.
A thesis is a scholarly piece of writing, usually at the master’s or undergraduate level, that presents an original research question, methodology, and findings. It represents the culmination of a student’s academic work and demonstrates their ability to contribute to the field of study.
The history of the thesis and dissertation dates back several centuries, and the evolution of these academic documents reflects changes in scholarly practices, educational systems, and the expectations of advanced degree programs.
The concept of a scholarly thesis has roots in medieval universities. In the 12th and 13th centuries, institutions like the University of Paris introduced the practice of disputations, where students defended their theses in a public forum. These early theses were often theological or philosophical in nature.
During the Renaissance, the practice of defending theses continued to evolve. The 16th and 17th centuries saw an increasing emphasis on empirical observation and scientific inquiry. The thesis became more diverse, covering topics in natural philosophy, mathematics, and other emerging disciplines.
The 18th century marked the formalization of the thesis as a requirement for academic degrees. Universities started to mandate the submission of a written document along with the oral defence. This practice became more standardized in the 19th century as universities across Europe and North America adopted similar academic norms.
The term “dissertation” has its roots in the Latin word “dissertatio,” meaning “discussion.” Dissertations, as we understand them today, emerged in the 19th century, primarily in German universities. Doctoral candidates were required to produce substantial research demonstrating their ability to contribute original knowledge to their field.
The 20th century saw a global expansion of higher education and an increase in the number of doctoral programs. The thesis and dissertation became integral components of graduate education worldwide. The structure, format (eg, APA or MLA ), and expectations for these documents varied among disciplines and institutions.
With the advent of digital technology in the late 20th century, there was a shift toward electronic submission of theses and dissertations. This made research papers more accessible and facilitated the dissemination of knowledge. Many universities now require the submission of ETDs.
In the 21st century, the thesis and dissertation continue to evolve. Educational institutions are adapting to new forms of scholarship , interdisciplinary research, and varied modes of dissemination. The focus is often on producing high-quality, original research that contributes significantly to the academic community.
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|
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| Master's Program | Doctoral Program |
| Typically 50-100 pages | Often exceeds 100 pages, can be much longer |
| More focused on a specific aspect of a broader topic | Broader in scope, aims for a significant and original contribution to the field |
| Demonstrates mastery of subject matter and ability to conduct independent research within a defined scope | Makes an original and substantial contribution to the field, addressing gaps in existing literature |
| Often required for completion of a master's degree | Essential for the completion of a doctoral degree |
| In-depth research, but may not be as exhaustive as a dissertation | Extensive and exhaustive research, involving a comprehensive exploration of the chosen topic |
| Master's programs in various disciplines | Doctoral programs, especially in research-focused disciplines |
One of the key differences between a thesis vs dissertation lies in their length and depth of research:
Theses are typically shorter in length, ranging from 50 to 100 pages, depending on the institution and program requirements. The research conducted for a thesis is expected to contribute to the existing literature but may not need to be as exhaustive as that of a dissertation.
Dissertations, being the pinnacle of doctoral research, are substantially longer, often exceeding 100 pages and sometimes reaching several hundred pages. Doctoral candidates are expected to delve deeply into their chosen topic, conducting extensive research and offering a unique contribution to the academic community.
Another significant distinction between a dissertation vs thesis is the scope and purpose of the research:
The primary goal of a thesis is to demonstrate a student’s understanding of the subject and their ability to conduct independent research within a defined scope. A thesis is often more focused and may be an exploration or analysis of a specific aspect of a broader topic. For example, a finance thesis could be about any topic within the subject.
Dissertations, being doctoral-level projects, have a broader scope. Doctoral candidates are expected to make an original and substantial contribution to the field, advancing existing knowledge and addressing gaps in the current literature. Dissertations often involve more extensive data collection, analysis, and synthesis of information.
While there are distinct differences between a thesis vs dissertation, they also share several similarities, reflecting their common purpose within academic research papers . Here are some key similarities between a dissertation and a thesis.
Both dissertations and theses involve original research and scholarly inquiry. Students are expected to engage in a systematic investigation of a chosen topic, demonstrate a deep understanding of existing literature, and contribute new knowledge or insights to their field.
Both documents adhere to high standards of academic rigour and integrity. They require meticulous attention to detail, adherence to citation and referencing styles, and a commitment to intellectual honesty.
Dissertations and theses typically follow a formal structure, including elements such as a thesis statement , an introduction, a literature review, methodology, results, a discussion, and a conclusion. This structured format ensures a comprehensive presentation of the research.
In both cases, students work closely with faculty advisors or mentors throughout the research process. Advisors guide research design, literature review, data analysis, and other aspects of the project.
A commonality between dissertations and theses is the requirement for an oral defence. In many academic institutions, students must defend their research findings before a committee of faculty members. This defence allows students to articulate their research methods, results, and conclusions, while also responding to questions and critiques.
Both a thesis and a dissertation serve as a crucial component for the completion of an academic degree. Thesis is typically associated with master’s programs, while dissertations are a requirement for doctoral degrees. In both cases, successfully completing the research project is essential for obtaining the respective degrees.
Whether a thesis or a dissertation, the primary goal is to contribute to the existing body of knowledge in a particular field. Both documents aim to advance understanding, address gaps in the literature, and offer meaningful insights that can inform future research.
A comprehensive literature review is a common element in both dissertations and theses. This section provides context for the research by summarizing and critiquing relevant scholarly works, helping establish the rationale and significance of the study.
What is the difference between a dissertation and a thesis.
A thesis is a shorter, master’s-level research document demonstrating mastery of a subject. A dissertation, typically for a doctoral degree, is longer and requires a more extensive, original contribution to the field.
A master’s thesis is a shorter research document showcasing mastery of a specific subject. A dissertation, associated with a doctoral degree, is more extensive, requiring a substantial, original contribution to the field.
No, a thesis and a dissertation are not the same. A thesis is a research document associated with a master’s degree, demonstrating mastery of a subject. A dissertation is a more extensive research document required for a doctoral degree, emphasizing original contribution to the field.
There are several online sources that can help you in finding the perfect thesis and dissertation for your research. ResearchProspect Canada is one of the leading and trustworthy brands, helping students achieve academic excellence.
An Electronic Thesis and Dissertation (ETD) is a digital version of a student’s thesis or dissertation. It is submitted and stored electronically, allowing easy access, distribution, and archiving, reflecting the shift towards digital formats in academia.
To cite theses and dissertations, follow the citation style specified by your academic institution or the preferred style guide (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago). Include author, title, publication year, institution, and retrieval information for online sources, ensuring consistency and accuracy.
To cite a ProQuest dissertation or thesis in APA format, use the following template: Author, A. A. (Year). Title of dissertation/thesis (Publication No.). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. Include the ProQuest publication number for online sources.
Learn everything about meta synthesis literature review in this comprehensive guide. From definition and process to its types and challenges.
If you are looking for research paper format, then this is your go-to guide, with proper guidelines, from title page to the appendices.
The central idea of this excerpt revolves around the exploration of key themes, offering insights that illuminate the concepts within the text.
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The academic world is filled with many different types of writing assignments, each with its own unique set of requirements and expectations. One common source of confusion for students is the distinction between a thesis and a dissertation. Both are long-form academic works, but there are several key differences between the two that are important to understand.
In Shakespeare’s day, a candidate for a master’s degree would write a thesis, an original paper in which he maintained a certain proposition. Whereas, completion of a doctoral program required submission and defense of a dissertation. He would read his thesis to his committee, after which he sat in silence while two faculty members gave point-by-point refutations of everything the candidate said.
The focus here was on the student’s ideas and his ability to arrange and express them clearly. If a student wished to advance further in academia he could pursue a dissertation. This was more of a literature review . He would read widely in a particular area and write up his findings, discussing the various authorities and their opinions. The point was to demonstrate that he was well-versed in the literature of the field. While the confusion between the two terms is understandable, we shall tackle the dissertation vs. thesis topic in this article and provide unambiguous insights on it.
Table of Contents
A thesis is a critically written scholarly piece of research work. Typically, it is submitted by students graduating from a master’s program. The purpose of a thesis is to allow students to showcase their knowledge and expertise within the subject matter they have been studying as part of the program.
A dissertation is a comparatively lengthier piece of scholarly writing that accounts for your research work throughout the doctoral program. A researcher earns the Ph.D. after submitting and defending his/her dissertation. It includes all information about the original research or expanded research on a new or existing topic conducted by the Ph.D. candidate.
In Europe, the original distinction between a thesis and a dissertation has been largely retained. A doctoral thesis is a focused piece of original research that is performed to obtain a Ph.D. A dissertation is part of a broader post-graduate research project.
However, the thesis has evolved since original research nowadays requires plenty of background research . So, a thesis will contain extensive citations and references to earlier work, although the focus remains on the original work that comes out of it.
In the United States, the definition of a thesis is almost the opposite of that in Europe. Because a thesis is shorter than a dissertation it gradually came to mean a preliminary degree on the way to a doctorate. A thesis is now performed to earn a Master’s degree. In scientific fields, a master’s candidate takes advanced coursework and gains hands-on experience in a research project but does not direct the project to the same extent that he would in a doctoral program. In a master’s project, the student’s ideas are welcomed and expected but the focus is on obtaining technical expertise, not doing original research. Engineering students commonly obtain Master’s degrees and seldom go on to get PhDs. In other fields such as Chemistry, the opposite is true, with a Master’s degree no longer being required as the first step for a doctorate. Almost everyone I know who received a Master’s degree in Chemistry got one because they dropped out of graduate school and wrote their truncated research as a Master’s project.
Needless to say, the dissertation vs. thesis facts are real. Therefore, using one term instead of another is not acceptable as an academic. One must remember the purpose of each and use them accordingly. However, one is not undermined by the other. Whether you are writing a thesis or a dissertation, both must be done with the same seriousness. Both require critical technical and soft skills. Improving your time management and academic writing skills plays a major role in acing both forms of scholarly writing.
How do you decipher dissertation vs. thesis? Should the interchanged usage of these terms be acceptable? How is your approach to writing a thesis different from that of a dissertation? What are the other differences associated with the thesis and dissertation? Let us know in the comments section below!
"Dissertation" and "thesis" are used interchangeably but differ in: Academic Level: Thesis for master's, dissertation for doctoral degrees (US). Scope and Depth: Thesis shorter, demonstrates mastery; dissertation extensive, original research. Originality: Thesis may involve original analysis; dissertation presents significant new insights. Time and Effort: Dissertations require more resources and time than theses.
The length of a dissertation varies depending on factors like academic discipline, research topic, institution, and country. Generally, dissertations are longer than theses, ranging from 10,000 to over 100,000 words. However, word count alone does not reflect the quality or depth of the research. Guidelines from the academic institution should be consulted for specific requirements.
The length of a thesis varies depending on factors like academic discipline, research topic, institution, and country. Generally, the word count ranges from around 10,000 to 50,000 words. Specific guidelines from the academic institution should be consulted for precise requirements.
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What is a dissertation, getting started, staying on track.
A thesis is a long-term project that you work on over the course of a semester or a year. Theses have a very wide variety of styles and content, so we encourage you to look at prior examples and work closely with faculty to develop yours.
Before you begin, make sure that you are familiar with the dissertation genre—what it is for and what it looks like.
Generally speaking, a dissertation’s purpose is to prove that you have the expertise necessary to fulfill your doctoral-degree requirements by showing depth of knowledge and independent thinking.
The form of a dissertation may vary by discipline. Be sure to follow the specific guidelines of your department.
Finding a topic for your thesis or dissertation should start with a research question that excites or at least interests you. A rigorous, engaging, and original project will require continuous curiosity about your topic, about your own thoughts on the topic, and about what other scholars have said on your topic. Avoid getting boxed in by thinking you know what you want to say from the beginning; let your research and your writing evolve as you explore and fine-tune your focus through constant questioning and exploration.
Get a sense of the broader picture before you narrow your focus and attempt to frame an argument. Read, skim, and otherwise familiarize yourself with what other scholars have done in areas related to your proposed topic. Briefly explore topics tangentially related to yours to broaden your perspective and increase your chance of finding a unique angle to pursue.
Critical Reading
Critical reading is the opposite of passive reading. Instead of merely reading for information to absorb, critical reading also involves careful, sustained thinking about what you are reading. This process may include analyzing the author’s motives and assumptions, asking what might be left out of the discussion, considering what you agree with or disagree with in the author’s statements and why you agree or disagree, and exploring connections or contradictions between scholarly arguments. Here is a resource to help hone your critical-reading skills:
http://writing.umn.edu/sws/assets/pdf/quicktips/criticalread.pdf
Conversation
Your thesis or dissertation will incorporate some ideas from other scholars whose work you researched. By reading critically and following your curiosity, you will develop your own ideas and claims, and these contributions are the core of your project. You will also acknowledge the work of scholars who came before you, and you must accurately and fairly attribute this work and define your place within the larger discussion. Make sure that you know how to quote, summarize, paraphrase , integrate , and cite secondary sources to avoid plagiarism and to show the depth and breadth of your knowledge.
A thesis is a long-term, large project that involves both research and writing; it is easy to lose focus, motivation, and momentum. Here are suggestions for achieving the result you want in the time you have.
The dissertation is probably the largest project you have undertaken, and a lot of the work is self-directed. The project can feel daunting or even overwhelming unless you break it down into manageable pieces and create a timeline for completing each smaller task. Be realistic but also challenge yourself, and be forgiving of yourself if you miss a self-imposed deadline here and there.
Your program will also have specific deadlines for different requirements, including establishing a committee, submitting a prospectus, completing the dissertation, defending the dissertation, and submitting your work. Consult your department’s website for these dates and incorporate them into the timeline for your work.
Accountability
Sometimes self-imposed deadlines do not feel urgent unless there is accountability to someone beyond yourself. To increase your motivation to complete tasks on schedule, set dates with your committee chair to submit pre-determined pieces of a chapter. You can also arrange with a fellow doctoral student to check on each other’s progress. Research and writing can be lonely, so it is also nice to share that journey with someone and support each other through the process.
Common Pitfalls
The most common challenges for students writing a dissertation are writer’s block, information-overload, and the compulsion to keep researching forever.
There are many strategies for avoiding writer’s block, such as freewriting, outlining, taking a walk, starting in the middle, and creating an ideal work environment for your particular learning style. Pay attention to what helps you and try different things until you find what works.
Efficient researching techniques are essential to avoiding information-overload. Here are a couple of resources about strategies for finding sources and quickly obtaining essential information from them.
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/subject_specific_writing/writing_in_literature/writing_in_literature_detailed_discussion/reading_criticism.html
https://students.dartmouth.edu/academic-skills/learning-resources/learning-strategies/reading-techniques
Finally, remember that there is always more to learn and your dissertation cannot incorporate everything. Follow your curiosity but also set limits on the scope of your work. It helps to create a folder entitled “future projects” for topics and sources that interest you but that do not fit neatly into the dissertation. Also remember that future scholars will build off of your work, so leave something for them to do.
Browsing through theses and dissertations of the past can help to get a sense of your options and gain inspiration but be careful to use current guidelines and refer to your committee instead of relying on these examples for form or formatting.
DASH Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard.
HOLLIS Harvard Library’s catalog provides access to ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global .
MIT Architecture has a list of their graduates’ dissertations and theses.
Rhode Island School of Design has a list of their graduates’ dissertations and theses.
University of South Florida has a list of their graduates’ dissertations and theses.
Harvard GSD has a list of projects, including theses and professors’ research.
Harvard University Digital Accessibility Policy
Embarking on an academic journey often involves deciphering the complexities of advanced research projects like dissertations and theses. While these terms might seem interchangeable, they possess distinctive changes in the world of higher education. A fundamental distinction between a thesis and a dissertation lies in their approach to research. A thesis typically involves synthesizing existing research and knowledge in your field, while a dissertation requires conducting original research, addressing research gaps, and making a substantive contribution to the academic domain.
As you continue your higher education journey in academia, it’s critical to decipher the fundamental differences between dissertation and thesis that set them apart.
A thesis is a long-term academic research paper that presents an in-depth review of existing research on a specific subject. It requires extensive research, data collection, analysis, and critical interpretation of the findings. Although some undergraduate programs may mandate a thesis, it is more commonly expected in postgraduate studies, such as upon completing a master’s degree .
A dissertation is a longer and more comprehensive research project based on original research. It’s a substantial piece of academic writing required for the completion of a doctoral degree . The dissertation is the culmination of years of research, study, and expertise, contributing valuable insights in a particular field of study.
Both theses and dissertations serve as culminating projects for program graduation, demanding a profound grasp of the research subject and analytical skills to substantiate findings. Despite these commonalities, significant differences set them apart. The key differences include:
The academic requirements for a doctoral dissertation are clearly defined hypotheses, a detailed methodology section, rigorous data analysis, and a critical discussion of the results in the context of existing literature.
In contrast, the requirements for a master’s thesis include a thorough literature review, methodology, data analysis, and a conclusion that summarizes the findings.
Research requirements are also more extensive for dissertations compared to theses, as they include conducting original experiments and studies.
The length of a dissertation or a thesis varies according to the topic and the method of analysis, or it can vary based on the departmental requirements. Usually, a master’s thesis is around 40-80 pages, sometimes up to 100 pages. A dissertation, however, is significantly longer, ranging from 100 to 300 pages and sometimes up to 400.
Dissertations and theses also vary on the level of complexity. While the thesis requires a thorough literature review and analysis of existing research, it’s less complex than a dissertation. Moreover, the original research is limited, contrary to dissertations involving extensive original research (experiments and studies).
The research objectives are an essential component that can guide the research project and highlight the specific goals to achieve. Moreover, they outline the grounds for pursuing a particular topic.
However, they can vary depending on the academic level and the nature of the research. In a master’s thesis, the research objectives usually focus on addressing specific research questions related to the chosen topic, to deepen the understanding of existing theories within the field of study. Contrarily, in a doctoral dissertation, the research objectives are broader and are formulated to address complex research gaps, propose new theories, and contribute to the academic field.
The timeframe depends on internal factors like the student’s work pace and personal circumstances and external factors like the complexity of the subject, availability of resources, and academic level. While we can’t give a definitive answer, it usually takes a couple of semesters or 1-2 years to complete a master’s thesis. On the contrary, a doctoral dissertation is more time-consuming and can take 4-7 years to complete.
Although there are many similarities between the milestones for completing a thesis and a dissertation, such as topic selection, literature review, and data collection, their differences lie in the higher complexity of doctoral dissertations, including original research, review by the advisory committee, and publication.
The review and approval process is vital to evaluate the quality of research, analysis, and presentation. Although the overall process is similar for both a master’s thesis and a doctoral dissertation, the scrutiny applied to dissertations is notably more rigorous. For a master’s thesis, a committee of professors or advisors within the university’s department evaluates the thesis for adherence to academic standards, clarity, and coherence. Following the review, approval is granted to the thesis if the evaluators are content with the student’s work. On the other hand, for a doctoral dissertation, the review process includes a committee of experts in the field, often external reviewers, to assess the dissertation’s quality, methodology, and contribution to the academic field. The approval process is more challenging as it may require defending the dissertation orally and answering questions from the committee members and to a broader audience than a master’s thesis presentation.
Lastly, one of the main differences between a dissertation and a thesis is the potential for publication. As the dissertation is more extensive and requires original research contributing to the academic field, theses are less likely to be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Although a master’s thesis is more narrowly focused, it can still be published as a single article. In contrast, a doctoral dissertation is generally equivalent to at least three articles.
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While both require extensive research and dedication, the thesis has a narrower scope on a specific topic within the field of study. It aims to illustrate the student’s mastery of the subject matter, ability to synthesize existing research, and ability to present coherent arguments. On the other hand, the dissertation has a broader scope , encompassing a comprehensive analysis of a complex research problem or exploring interconnected topics in the field. It aims to showcase the student’s expertise and ability to conduct original and independent research and contribute new knowledge in the field.
As we draw the curtain in exploring the factors that differentiate a thesis and a dissertation, it becomes evident that both academic endeavors are crucial in unraveling discoveries. A master’s thesis showcases analytical finesse and a deep understanding of existing theories. And a doctoral dissertation displays new groundbreaking insights, original research, and innovative methodologies. Therefore, while they may have substantial differences, they remain a driving force in shaping the future of academia.
While many factors differentiate a dissertation and a thesis, the main difference is their academic level. A thesis is usually required at the end of a master’s degree program. In contrast, a dissertation is necessary to complete a doctoral degree.
The time it takes to complete a thesis or a dissertation depends on the complexity of the research, the availability of resources, and the student’s work pace. Usually, it takes a couple of semesters to complete a thesis at the end of a master’s program. In contrast, completing a doctoral dissertation can take four to seven years.
Although a thesis requires a significant amount of research literature review and analysis of existing studies, a dissertation demands a higher level of original research through identifying research gaps, developing new hypotheses, conducting experiments, and collecting and analyzing data.
Yes, there are specific publication and accessibility differences between dissertations and theses. Doctoral dissertations are usually published and made public through university libraries or digital repositories. Whereas a master’s thesis is less frequently published in academic journals compared to doctoral dissertations. Theses are often made available within the university’s library or department.
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A thesis and a dissertation are often used interchangeably, causing confusion among students and academics alike. While they share some similarities, they are distinct in purpose, scope, and requirements. Understanding these differences is crucial for graduate students embarking on their academic journey. In this article, we delve into the world of thesis and dissertation, shedding light on what sets them apart and helping you navigate these essential components of advanced academic research.
In the realm of academia, a thesis is often referred to as the master's magnum opus, representing the pinnacle of a student's academic journey at the master's level. It is a significant undertaking that requires dedication, research acumen, and a commitment to scholarly excellence. Here, we explore the key characteristics and elements that define a thesis:
Academic Level: A thesis is a hallmark of master's degree programs. It serves as the culmination of a student's graduate studies, demonstrating their ability to engage critically with their field of study and contribute meaningfully to it. Unlike undergraduate projects, a thesis delves deeper into the subject matter and requires a higher level of analysis and synthesis.
Purpose: The primary purpose of a thesis is to contribute to the existing body of knowledge within a specific field or discipline. It goes beyond mere regurgitation of facts and concepts; it involves original research or a novel approach to addressing a research question or hypothesis. In essence, a thesis is a scholarly endeavor that aims to add value to the academic conversation.
Scope: Theses typically have a narrower scope compared to their doctoral counterparts, dissertations. While they explore complex topics, they often focus on a specific aspect or dimension within a broader field. This focused approach allows students to delve deeply into their chosen subject matter and demonstrate expertise in that area.
Length: Theses vary in length depending on the institution, program, and field of study. However, they are generally shorter than dissertations. A typical master's thesis can range from 50 to 100 pages. This concise format necessitates precision and clarity in presenting research findings and arguments.
Committee Evaluation: A key aspect of the thesis process is the evaluation by a committee of professors or advisors. This committee plays a pivotal role in guiding the student's research, offering feedback, and assessing the final product. Their expertise ensures that the thesis meets academic standards and contributes meaningfully to the field.
Research and Methodology: Research is at the heart of any thesis. Students engage in systematic inquiry, which may involve data collection, experimentation, surveys, literature analysis, or a combination of research methods. The methodology chosen should align with the research question and contribute to the overall quality of the thesis.
Scholarly Writing: A thesis demands scholarly writing of the highest caliber. Students are expected to adhere to academic writing conventions, including proper citation, referencing, and adherence to a specific style guide (e.g., APA, MLA). Clarity, coherence, and a formal tone are essential elements of thesis writing.
Originality: Perhaps the most crucial aspect of a thesis is its contribution to the field's body of knowledge. It must offer fresh insights, perspectives, or solutions to existing challenges. Originality is the hallmark of a well-executed thesis, distinguishing it from undergraduate assignments.
Dissertation: the doctoral opus.
In the realm of academia, a dissertation is the pinnacle of scholarly achievement within the context of doctoral programs. It represents the culmination of extensive academic preparation and research and is often referred to as the doctoral opus. Here, we explore the defining characteristics and elements that set a dissertation apart in the academic world:
Academic Level: A dissertation is synonymous with doctoral programs, such as a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) or other terminal degrees. It marks the highest level of academic achievement and signifies a student's readiness to make a significant contribution to their field.
Purpose: The primary purpose of a dissertation is to make a substantial and original contribution to the existing body of knowledge within a specific field or discipline. Unlike a thesis, which often focuses on a more specific aspect, a dissertation tackles complex research questions that have broader implications for the field.
Scope: Dissertations are renowned for their expansive scope. They typically explore multifaceted research questions that encompass multiple variables, perspectives, and dimensions. Doctoral candidates are expected to demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of their field and engage in in-depth analysis.
Length: Dissertations are considerably longer than theses. The length can vary depending on the field of study and the nature of the research, but they often exceed 100 pages and can extend to several hundred pages. This extended format allows for a thorough exploration of the research topic.
Committee Evaluation: A dissertation is rigorously evaluated by a committee of experts in the field. This committee plays a crucial role in guiding the research, offering feedback, and ultimately assessing the quality and significance of the dissertation. Their expertise ensures that the dissertation meets the highest academic standards.
Research and Methodology: Research in a dissertation is not only extensive but also often involves original data collection, experimentation, surveys, case studies, or longitudinal studies. The choice of research methodology is critical and should align with the research questions and objectives.
Scholarly Writing: As with theses, scholarly writing is paramount in dissertations. Doctoral candidates are expected to adhere to the most stringent academic writing conventions. This includes precise citation and referencing, adherence to a specific style guide, and the use of formal and rigorous language.
Originality: The hallmark of a successful dissertation is its originality. It must offer new insights, perspectives, or solutions to complex problems within the field. Doctoral candidates are expected to demonstrate their ability to contribute significantly to the advancement of knowledge.
Defending the Dissertation: A distinctive feature of the dissertation process is the formal defense. Candidates present their research findings and defend their methodology, conclusions, and contributions before their committee and often a public audience. This oral defense is a culmination of the rigorous research journey.
Embarking on the journey of crafting a thesis or dissertation is a significant undertaking that requires careful planning, dedication, and resilience. Navigating this process effectively is key to producing a scholarly work that reflects your expertise and contributes meaningfully to your field. Here, we provide an overview of the essential steps and strategies to guide you through this academic odyssey.
1. Define Your Research Question: The first and foremost step in both thesis and dissertation projects is defining a clear and research-worthy question or problem. Your question should be specific, relevant, and capable of generating new insights or solutions. Take the time to conduct a thorough literature review to understand the existing body of knowledge in your chosen area.
2. Assemble Your Committee: Your academic committee will play a vital role in guiding your research and evaluating your final work. Choose committee members who are experts in your field and who can provide valuable insights and feedback throughout the process. Effective communication with your committee is essential.
3. Develop a Research Proposal: Crafting a well-structured research proposal is crucial. It should outline the scope of your project, research methodology, timeline, and expected outcomes. Your proposal will serve as a roadmap for your research journey and will require approval from your committee.
4. Research and Data Collection: The heart of your thesis or dissertation lies in the research phase. Depending on your field and research question, this may involve conducting experiments, surveys, interviews, or extensive data analysis. Ensure that your data collection methods align with your research objectives.
5. Writing and Organization: Writing your thesis or dissertation is an ongoing process that requires discipline and organization. Create a detailed outline or structure to guide your writing. Pay careful attention to proper citation and referencing to avoid plagiarism. Seek feedback from your committee at various stages of writing.
6. Revision and Proofreading: Revising and proofreading are integral steps in producing a polished document. Review your work for clarity, coherence, and logical flow. Check for grammatical errors and ensure that your writing adheres to academic conventions.
7. Formal Defense: Doctoral candidates will typically undergo a formal defense of their work. This involves presenting your research findings, methodology, and conclusions to your committee and often a public audience. Prepare thoroughly for this oral defense, as it is a culmination of your research journey.
8. Submission and Publication: Once your thesis or dissertation is complete and approved by your committee, it's time to submit it to your institution's academic office. Depending on your field and aspirations, you may also consider publishing your work in academic journals to contribute to your field's body of knowledge.
9. Celebrate Your Achievement: Completing a thesis or dissertation is a monumental achievement. Take the time to celebrate your hard work and dedication. Share your research findings with peers and colleagues, and consider how your work can continue to impact your field.
10. Continuous Learning: The process of research and scholarship is ongoing. Continue to engage with your field, attend conferences, and seek opportunities for further research and collaboration. Your thesis or dissertation is a significant step in your academic journey, but it is not the end; it is a foundation upon which you can build your future contributions to your field.
Navigating the thesis or dissertation process is a transformative experience that equips you with valuable research, writing, and critical-thinking skills. Approach it with curiosity, dedication, and a commitment to advancing knowledge in your field, and you will emerge from this academic endeavor not only with a well-crafted document but also as a more accomplished scholar.
In the realm of academia, the terms "thesis" and "dissertation" represent distinct milestones in a student's educational journey. Understanding the differences between these two research projects is essential for selecting the appropriate path in your graduate studies. Whether you're aiming for a master's or doctoral degree, both theses and dissertations are opportunities to engage in meaningful research, contribute to your field, and demonstrate your expertise as a scholar.
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What is a thesis and dissertation.
The masters thesis and doctoral dissertation are written documents that describe the graduate student's research. The subject of the thesis/dissertation is chosen by mutual agreement between the student and major adviser, and must be approved by the student's Supervisory Committee. There is no fixed length for the thesis/dissertation, although the Supervisory Committee should provide guidance on format and content.
Masters theses should reveal a capacity to carry on independent study or research and should demonstrate the student's ability to use the techniques employed in their field of investigation. Doctoral dissertations should demonstrate technical mastery of the student's field and advance or modify current knowledge. Dissertations should treat new material, find new results, or draw new conclusions; or it should interpret old material in a new light. It is expected that the research contained in the thesis/dissertation will be worthy of publication in appropriate peer-reviewed journals. Students are expected to prepare the manuscript(s) for publication prior to, or soon after, completion of their graduate program.
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It is not uncommon for individuals, academic and nonacademic to use “thesis” and “research paper” interchangeably. However, while the thesis vs. research paper puzzle might seem amusing to some, for graduate, postgraduate and doctoral students, knowing the differences between the two is crucial. Not only does a clear demarcation of the two terms help you acquire a precise approach toward writing each of them, but it also helps you keep in mind the subtle nuances that go into creating the two documents. This brief guide discusses the main difference between a thesis and a research paper.
This article discusses the main difference between a thesis and a research paper. To give you an opportunity to practice proofreading, we have left a few spelling, punctuation, or grammatical errors in the text. See if you can spot them! If you spot the errors correctly, you will be entitled to a 10% discount.
It is not uncommon for individuals, academic and nonacademic to use “thesis” and “research paper” interchangeably. After all, both terms share the same domain, academic writing . Moreover, characteristics like the writing style, tone, and structure of a thesis and research paper are also homogenous to a certain degree. Hence, it is not surprising that many people mistake one for the other.
However, while the thesis vs. research paper puzzle might seem amusing to some, for graduate, postgraduate and doctoral students, knowing the differences between the two is crucial. Not only does a clear demarcation of the two terms help you acquire a precise approach toward writing each of them, but it also helps you keep in mind the subtle nuances that go into creating the two documents.
The first step to discerning between a thesis and research paper is to know what they signify.
Thesis: A thesis or a dissertation is an academic document that a candidate writes to acquire a university degree or similar qualification. Students typically submit a thesis at the end of their final academic term. It generally consists of putting forward an argument and backing it up with individual research and existing data.
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Research Paper: A research paper is also an academic document, albeit shorter compared to a thesis. It consists of conducting independent and extensive research on a topic and compiling the data in a structured and comprehensible form. A research paper demonstrates a student's academic prowess in their field of study along with strong analytical skills.
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Now that we have a fundamental understanding of a thesis and a research paper, it is time to dig deeper. To the untrained eye, a research paper and a thesis might seem similar. However, there are some differences, concrete and subtle, that set the two apart.
The objective behind writing a thesis is to obtain a master's degree or doctorate and the ilk. Hence, it needs to exemplify the scope of your knowledge in your study field. That is why choosing an intriguing thesis topic and putting forward your arguments convincingly in favor of it is crucial.
A research paper is written as a part of a course's curriculum or written for publication in a peer-review journal. Its purpose is to contribute something new to the knowledge base of its topic.
Although both documents share quite a few similarities in their structures, the framework of a thesis is more rigid. Also, almost every university has its proprietary guidelines set out for thesis writing.
Comparatively, a research paper only needs to keep the IMRAD format consistent throughout its length. When planning to publish your research paper in a peer-review journal, you also must follow your target journal guidelines.
A thesis is an extensive document encompassing the entire duration of a master's or doctoral course and as such, it takes months and even years to write.
A research paper, being less lengthy, typically takes a few weeks or a few months to complete.
Writing a thesis entails working with a faculty supervisor to ensure that you are on the right track. However, a research paper is more of a solo project and rarely needs a dedicated supervisor to oversee.
The final stage of thesis completion is a viva voce examination and a thesis defense. It includes proffering your thesis to the examination board or a thesis committee for a questionnaire and related discussions. Whether or not you will receive a degree depends on the result of this examination and the defense.
A research paper is said to be complete when you finalize a draft, check it for plagiarism, and proofread for any language and contextual errors . Now all that's left is to submit it to the assigned authority.
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In the context of academic writing, a thesis and a research paper might appear the same. But, there are some fundamental differences that set apart the two writing formats. However, since both the documents come under the scope of academic writing, they also share some similarities. Both require formal language, formal tone, factually correct information & proper citations. Also, editing and proofreading are a must for both. Editing and Proofreading ensure that your document is properly formatted and devoid of all grammatical & contextual errors. So, the next time when you come across a thesis vs. research paper argument, keep these differences in mind.
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Best Edit & Proof expert editors and proofreaders focus on offering papers with proper tone, content, and style of academic writing, and also provide an upscale editing and proofreading service for you. If you consider our pieces of advice, you will witness a notable increase in the chance for your research manuscript to be accepted by the publishers. We work together as an academic writing style guide by bestowing subject-area editing and proofreading around several categorized writing styles. With the group of our expert editors, you will always find us all set to help you identify the tone and style that your manuscript needs to get a nod from the publishers.
You can also avail of our assistance if you are looking for editors who can format your manuscript, or just check on the particular styles for the formatting task as per the guidelines provided to you, e.g., APA, MLA, or Chicago/Turabian styles. Best Edit & Proof editors and proofreaders provide all sorts of academic writing help, including editing and proofreading services, using our user-friendly website, and a streamlined ordering process.
Visit our order page if you want our subject-area editors or language experts to work on your manuscript to improve its tone and style and give it a perfect academic tone and style through proper editing and proofreading. The process of submitting a paper is very easy and quick. Click here to find out how it works.
Our pricing is based on the type of service you avail of here, be it editing or proofreading. We charge on the basis of the word count of your manuscript that you submit for editing and proofreading and the turnaround time it takes to get it done. If you want to get an instant price quote for your project, copy and paste your document or enter your word count into our pricing calculator.
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Research takes a crucial role in developing an outstanding academic paper. Ensuring credible research sets the foundation of an academic paper is essential for researchers to obtain the acceptability of the paper. This article discusses four practices that make students better at researching.
Academic and research works are tenacious studies that include specifics. Therefore, you will come across various terms and phrases that you need to keep in mind while working around. Naturally, it can get overwhelming. However, once you understand the concept, the overall process becomes very easy to work with. This article will focus on dependent and independent variables and discuss what they are, how to determine dependent and independent variables and their uses in academic writing.
One of the main things that any editor or proofreader looks out for while editing a piece of text is punctuation marks. The reason is simple — they can alter the meaning of your text if you do not use them correctly. It becomes even more prominent when you are writing an academic paper. In academic writing, an author may be easily misunderstood when ambiguous sentences are used. Punctuation marks mainly serve the purpose to disambiguate sentences. While literary or other types of writing will have a certain degree of freedom for using punctuation marks, academic work needs to be precise and correct. This article will cover the importance of punctuation marks in academic writing.
Writing articles for journals requires scholars to possess exceptional writing skills and awareness of their subject matter. They need to write such that their manuscript relays its central idea explicitly to the readers. In addition, they need to abide by strict writing conventions and best practices to befit the parameters of journal articles. It is not uncommon for research initiates and, at times, even experts to struggle with the article writing process. This article aims to mitigate some apprehension associated with writing journal articles by enlisting and expounding upon some essential writing tips.
Writing a thesis or dissertation is considered the final phase of your Ph.D. journey. You must cover three to five years of study and research into your thesis. A doctoral thesis or dissertation is a long essay of knowledge and research on a specific niche that poses interesting questions and answers with your reasoning. Ph.D. candidates should carefully choose the study topic according to their expertise. This article explains how to write an impeccable Ph.D. thesis for outstanding results in 6 helpful steps.
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You discuss and explore your results' prominence, meaning, and relevance in the discussion chapter. Therefore, you should concentrate on what you have found and explain and assess how your findings relate to your literature review and research questions.
The Penn Libraries has built a new, user-focused library catalog, with a simpler look and easier search features. Explore it at find.library.upenn.edu .
Working on a doctoral dissertation, a master's thesis, a senior capstone, or an undergraduate term paper? Meet with a subject librarian to refine your research question, design a literature review search, learn about research methods, and connect to tools for qualitative and quantitative analysis.
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Students are invited to meet with their subject librarian to receive help with:
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Thesis, dissertation and learned discourse, jump to a topic.
Graduation Thesis and Dissertation Submission Deadlines
When to submit.
Instructions for submitting
Common Mistakes
Graduation and Non-Thesis Deadlines
It is important that you appropriately plan to defend and submit your thesis or dissertation in the approved and accepted format to the Graduate School. Upon submission, your manuscript will undergo review for final acceptance by the University.
The Thesis and Dissertation deadlines allow time for review, editing and approval by the Graduate School. Once it is approved by the Graduate School, it is sent for final review by the respective College Dean's office.
Defending and/or submitting your thesis or dissertation after the deadline dates will result in you not graduating in the semester you planned. Also, this can incur additional expenses, based on the need to register for a subsequent semester. Note these dates and plan accordingly to defend and submit in the semester you plan to complete your manuscript.
The following are the specific deadlines for each type of degree and term.
There are two sets of deadlines per semester.
Primary Graduation Deadlines allow for graduation in the correct term as long as everything is completed according to the due dates. If you fail to meet the primary deadlines, you then move to the Secondary (Courtesy) deadlines. Please notify your academic department and Graduate School Liaison if you miss the primary deadlines, as your anticipated graduation date will need to be moved to the next semester.
The Secondary (Courtesy) Deadlines mean your anticipated graduation date will be moved to the subsequent semester, and if everything is completed by the appropriate dates, you will not be required to register for additional Thesis/Dissertation hours during the final semester.
If you miss any of the Secondary (Courtesy) Deadlines, you will have to register for 2 credits of Thesis/Dissertation and complete your degree requirements (manuscript, any applicable defenses or other requirements) the following semester.
These deadlines are for Doctoral programs that include a dissertation requirement.
Deadline to submit the graduate student Candidacy Application to the Graduate School and the online graduation application for December graduation.
Submit your Notice of Scheduled Defense to the Graduate School at least two weeks before your defense. This date has to be approved by your committee and usually by the program coordinator.
Last day to defend your dissertation.
Deadline to submit dissertation and dissertation exam results to the graduate school for December graduation. Instructions on submitting your dissertation are located here . Dissertations are submitted to UTC Scholar . The manuscript will be reviewed by the graduate school and then the Dean of your College before final acceptance.
Last day for final edits to be submitted and accepted as requested by the graduate school. There may be multiple rounds of edits required from the date of your submission. Once edits are complete, it is forwarded to the Dean's Office of your college for final review.
Graduate Student Commencement.
These deadlines are for students who cannot meet the regular Fall deadline dates. Fulfilling these obligations will allow you the opportunity to graduate in spring 2025 without being required to register for dissertation credits for the spring semester.
November 11, november 18.
Deadline to submit dissertation and dissertation exam results to the graduate school. Instructions on submitting your dissertation are located here . Dissertations are submitted to UTC Scholar . The manuscript will be reviewed by the graduate school and then the Dean of your College before final acceptance.
Graduate Student Commencement. You will need to request permission to walk in commencement if your dissertation has been approved by the graduate school prior to the commencement date.
If the dissertation is completely approved on this date, you may graduate spring 2025, but will not be required to register for dissertation credit in spring 2025.
Deadline to submit the graduate student Candidacy Application to the Graduate School and the online graduation application for May graduation.
Graduate Student Commencement.
These deadlines are for students who cannot meet the regular Spring deadline dates. Fulfilling these obligations will allow you the opportunity to graduate in Summer 2025 without being required to register for dissertation credits for the summer semester.
If the dissertation is completely approved on this date, you may graduate summer 2025, but will not be required to register for dissertation credit summer 2025.
Deadline to submit the graduate student Candidacy Application to the Graduate School and the online graduation application for August graduation.
July 11.
Deadline to submit dissertation and dissertation exam results to the graduate school for August graduation. Instructions on submitting your dissertation are located here . Dissertations are submitted to UTC Scholar . The manuscript will be reviewed by the graduate school and then the Dean of your College before final acceptance.
Degrees Awarded. No summer commencement ceremony.
Graduate Student Commencement. Student may walk in Fall commencement if dissertation is accepted.
These deadlines are for students who cannot meet the regular Summer deadline dates. Fulfilling these obligations will allow you the opportunity to graduate in Fall 2025 without being required to register for dissertation credits for the Fall semester.
If the dissertation is completely approved on this date, you may graduate in the Fall 2025 semester, but will not be required to register for dissertation credit during the Fall 2025 semester.
These deadlines are for Master’s or Specialist in Education programs that include a thesis requirement.
Deadline to submit the graduate student Graduation Audit For Degrees and Certificates Form to the Graduate School and the online graduation application for December graduation.
Submit your Notice of Scheduled of Defense to the Graduate School at least two weeks before your defense. This date has to be approved by your committee and usually by the program coordinator.
Last day to defend your thesis.
Deadline to submit thesis and thesis exam results to the graduate school for December graduation. Instructions on submitting your thesis are located here . Theses are submitted to UTC Scholar . The manuscript will be reviewed by the graduate school and then the Dean of your College before final acceptance.
These deadlines are for students who cannot meet the regular Fall deadline dates. Fulfilling these obligations will allow you the opportunity to graduate in spring 2025 without being required to register for thesis credits for the spring semester.
Deadline to submit thesis and thesis exam results to the graduate school. Instructions on submitting your thesis are located here . Theses are submitted to UTC Scholar . The manuscript will be reviewed by the graduate school and then the Dean of your College before final acceptance.
Graduate Student Commencement. You will need to request permission to walk in commencement if your thesis has been approved by the graduate school prior to the commencement date.
If the thesis is completely approved on this date, you may graduate spring 2025, but will not be required to register for thesis credit in spring 2025.
Deadline to submit the graduate student Graduation Audit For Degrees and Certificates Form to the Graduate School and the online graduation application for May graduation.
Deadline to submit thesis and Thesis exam results to the graduate school for Spring graduation. Instructions on submitting your thesis are located here . Theses are submitted to UTC Scholar . The manuscript will be reviewed by the graduate school and then the Dean of your College before final acceptance.
These deadlines are for students who cannot meet the regular Spring deadline dates. Fulfilling these obligations will allow you the opportunity to graduate in Summer 2025 without being required to register for thesis credits for the summer semester.
Last day to defend your Thesis.
Deadline to submit Thesis and Thesis exam results to the graduate school. Instructions on submitting your thesis are located here . Theses are submitted to UTC .
If the thesis is completely approved on this date, you may graduate summer 2025, but will not be required to register for thesis credit in summer 2025.
Deadline to submit the graduate student Graduation Audit For Degrees and Certificates Form to the Graduate School and the online graduation application for August graduation.
Deadline to submit thesis and thesis exam results to the graduate school for August graduation. Instructions on submitting your thesis are located here . Theses are submitted to UTC Scholar . The manuscript will be reviewed by the graduate school and then the Dean of your College before final acceptance.
Degrees Awarded. No summer commencement.
These deadlines are for students who cannot meet the regular Summer deadline dates. Fulfilling these obligations will allow you the opportunity to graduate in Fall 2025 without being required to register for thesis credits for the Fall semester.
Deadline to submit the graduate student Graduation Audit For Degrees and Certificates Form to the Graduate School and the online graduation application for August graduation.
If the thesis is completely approved on this date, you may graduate in the Fall 2025 semester, but will not be required to register for thesis credit during the Fall 2025 semester.
If you have questions, please contact the Graduate School.
Read “ Thesis and Dissertation Standards ”
Complete and submit the Committee Appointment Form
Institutional Review Board or Institutional Animal Care Use Committee Submit permission request if required
Attend a “ Thesis and Dissertation Standards ” workshop. A recorded workshop is available in Graduate School - Graduate Students UTC Canvas. The next live workshops will be available from 3pm-4:30pm on September 8, 2023 and January 19, 2024.
Write your manuscript according to the “ Thesis and Dissertation Standards ”
At least two weeks prior to defense, submit Notice of Defense Form – Discuss defense time, date and location with Committee members (make sure your committee has a copy of your manuscript for review) and submit this form two weeks prior to your defense.
Click this link to complete the form: Notice of Scheduled Defense
Review and verify that your manuscript is written in accordance with the “ Thesis and Dissertation Standards ”
It is important that you appropriately plan to defend and submit your thesis or dissertation in the approved and accepted format to the Graduate School according to the dates and deadlines published above.
Defending and/or submitting your thesis or dissertation after the deadline date may result in you not graduating in the semester you planned, an additional expense to register for a subsequent semester and your degree not being conferred as planned. Note these dates and plan accordingly to defend and submit in the semester you plan to complete your manuscript.
The following is a listing of the steps required for submitting a thesis or dissertation to the Graduate School for formal review and approval.
Theses and dissertations are not considered complete until the document has been approved by the Graduate School; therefore, transcripts and diplomas are not released until all of the following steps are completed in the sequence provided.
Deadlines for submission of documents for review by Graduate School staff are published on the Graduate School site and the Graduate School Academic Calendar; these deadlines cannot be waived. However, if the deadline falls on a weekend, the thesis or dissertation must be submitted no later than 4:30 p.m. on the following Monday.
To meet the first submission deadline (the first review of the document), the following verification forms or pages must be received by the Graduate School prior to the thesis or dissertation. Links are provided to each of the forms or pages.
The thesis or dissertation is submitted electronically to UTC Scholar , (submissions guidelines at http://scholar.utc.edu/theses / ) The thesis or dissertation should not be submitted until all committee editorial comments and corrections are appropriately addressed.
To submit to UTC Scholar follow the instructions at: http://scholar.utc.edu/theses/guidelines.html .
In addition to UTC Scholar, the students has the option of submitting their research to the UMI ETD Administration site (ProQuest) at http://www.etdadmin.com/cgi-bin/main/submitting .
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Center for Digital Scholarship
Student: Seeks information on dissertation requirements from program administrators, deans, and the Dissertation Office. Departments, divisions, and schools may have requirements in addition to requirements set by the University.
Dissertation Office: Provides information about the University's dissertation requirements. Welcomes PhD students and encourages their questions at any stage of their academic program.
Student: Seeks assistance from faculty and staff. Requests permission from copyright holders of previously copyrighted material if dissertation use goes beyond fair use.
Dissertation Office: Assists students who want advice or help getting their work into a final form that meets the University’s dissertation requirements. May refer students to additional service points.
Student: Requests a draft review before the draft review deadline or asks for feedback on sample pages. Registers for workshops of interest at any stage of their academic program.
Dissertation Office: Reviews dissertation drafts during the first few weeks of each quarter. Responds to dissertation-related questions. Holds workshops/information sessions.
Student: Schedules the defense in time for revisions requested by thesis committee to be made and approved before the dissertation deadline.
Dissertation Office: Posts dissertation deadlines.
Student: Files a degree application during the first week of the quarter student plans to graduate. Confirms or updates diploma name. (A new degree application must be filed if the degree is delayed to a later quarter.)
Dissertation Office: Throughout the quarter, sends emails to students who appear in AIS report as graduating that quarter.
Student: Puts dissertation into final form for submission. Proofreads for compliance with requirements. Prepare separate 300-500 word abstract.
Dissertation Office: Offers formatting assistance and responds to dissertation-related questions.
Student: Asks department to review dissertation as soon as all revisions and edits are final and have been approved by thesis committee.
Dissertation Office: Provides program administrators with copies of Departmental Approval Form and University-Wide Requirements booklet.
Student: Registers for Survey of Earned Doctorates while departmental review is underway.
Dissertation Office: Posts information about university surveys.
Student: Submits dissertation to Knowledge@UChicago, the University's open access repository, before the dissertation deadline. Remains in contact with Dissertation Office to address any issues that may arise before graduation.
Dissertation Office: Audits dissertation submission and requests modifications if needed. Updates departmental and divisional/school contacts regarding status of dissertation submissions. Informs Registrar's Office of dissertations submitted and provides list of authors/titles.
Student: Contacts the Dissertation Office if author needs to renew an embargo at the end of its term or to initiate an embargo after graduation.
Dissertation Office: Coordinates post-graduation embargoes with University Administration.
Robin DiAngelo, the author of the 2018 best-seller White Fragility , is facing allegations that she plagiarized her 2004 doctoral thesis, including copying from minority scholars.
The Washington Free Beacon first reported the allegations , which were made in an anonymous complaint filed with the University of Washington . The school is where the dissertation was submitted, and DiAngelo is employed as an affiliate associate professor of education.
Though anonymous, the complaint matches similar complaints against other high-profile academics connected with diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI). This includes former Havard President Claudine Gay , the DEI head at Columbia University , and the head of a DEI program at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) .
That said, the complaint against DiAngelo is unique for two reasons. This is the first time the campaign has targeted a white academic and one who is not a university official. That said, her work focuses on racial discourse, making her an obvious target. This is especially true as her book, White Fragility , is a best seller.
The other allegations in this campaign have been mixed. Though some have highlighted real issues, others have attempted to make mountains out of molehills.
So, which is this? To answer that, we need to examine the allegations and determine how serious they are.
The 20-page complaint makes 20 separate allegations against DiAngelo. The allegations are not in page order and skip around the dissertation.
Most of the 20 allegations are either not examples of plagiarism or are, at best, very weak. For example, the first allegation deals with just 13 words. Though DiAngelo doesn’t cite the alleged source in that passage, she does elsewhere. Both sources describe a third paper and are likely pulling language from that.
Similarly, in the second allegation, DiAngelo does cite the alleged source. Though some text does overlap, it is only 14 words. While this is poor paraphrasing, it doesn’t sustain the argument that DiAngelo is trying to steal the work of other academics.
To be clear, these aren’t good. In an ideal world, you would not have passages like these. But they are not the greatest of academic sins either.
That’s not to say that there aren’t any problematic allegations. The twelfth one is probably the most troubling for me. It features a roughly 200-word passage clearly copied and pasted from an earlier source. DiAngelo does cite the source, but the citation is above the section in question, and there’s no indication that she is quoting the passage.
All in all, if someone handed me this document, I would recommend corrections and updates. However, given that many of the allegations are dubious and, even in total, only cover a small percentage of the dissertation, stronger action seems unwarranted.
At this point, the story follows the format of others we’ve seen. Though it highlights some legitimate issues, the complaint exaggerates the severity of the plagiarism, and the reporting around it has left off much of the nuance.
However, DiAngelo is unlike the other academics the campaign has targeted. She is a public figure, first and foremost. Her accountability statement says she will seek to “Always cite and give credit to the work of BIPOC people who have informed your thinking. When you use a phrase or idea you got from a BIPOC person, credit them.”
That did not happen here, at least not entirely.
While I don’t believe the evidence points to a malicious intent to steal others’ work, there was a lack of care and due diligence in places. In this case, I would argue that she did not live up to her accountability statement.
To be clear, I understand this pressure. As the author of a site named Plagiarism Today, I work hard to ensure my citations are as clean as possible. Often, I deliberately overcite out of an abundance of caution. However, I’m sure I’ve made mistakes over the past 18 years. But I acknowledge that my field and my presentation make those mistakes more problematic.
Still, it’s important to put this complaint into perspective. This complaint is not a good-faith attempt to improve academic or research integrity. It’s a targeted attack on a political or ideological opponent. But even if we take the whole complaint as truth, it represents approximately 2,000 words in a 72,000-word thesis. That equals roughly 3% of the completed dissertation.
While I agree that some corrective action is needed, that’s not what the complaint filers want. There’s no room for nuance or discussion when the goal is to discredit an ideology rather than address the actual issues in the work.
In the past, I’ve criticized this particular campaign on two grounds. First, as I said above, it’s a bad-faith effort to discredit political opponents, not an attempt to improve academic integrity. Here, plagiarism is simply a tool for political gain, not an issue to be addressed.
Second, the complaints have routinely tried to exaggerate the amount of plagiarism. In my reading of the complaint, 5-7 allegations warranted some response. However, 20 allegations look more impressive, even if most don’t hold up. It’s easier to get headlines with bigger numbers.
During the height of the original scandals, I talked about the weaponization of plagiarism and how it is used to target political and ideological opponents. As someone whose focus is plagiarism, that is deeply worrying to me.
Plagiarism, citation and attribution are important issues in and of themselves. However, discussing plagiarism requires a degree of nuance and care that isn’t possible when wielding it as a weapon.
That, in turn, is how weaponizing plagiarism cheapens it. It becomes a tool to be used rather than a problem to be solved.
That is very true in this case. Dubious claims have buried genuine issues, and a rush to condemn has replaced a nuanced conversation. This story should worry you regardless of how you feel about DiAngelo and her work.
Robin DiAngelo Headshot: JasonPToews , CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons
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PRTH 987 is the transitional course that assesses competency from PhD in Practical Theology course work and prepares the PhD candidate for dissertation writing. This is accomplished through the successful completion of a comprehensive field exam, prospectus development and approval, and pairing the candidate with an appropriate dissertation supervisor. All these tasks are necessary before dissertation writing can formally commence.
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After reading the Course Syllabus and Student Expectations , the student will complete the related checklist found in the Course Overview.
The student will submit to the instructor teaching PRTH 987 a “Preprospectus Proposal” developed in the Tier II courses for the instructor’s evaluation and feedback, especially as it relates to the three overriding principles of dissertations in the PhD in Practical Theology program; namely, that they must be appropriately biblical, theological, and practical. The student will then meet with the instructor to discuss the details of the proposal before the first draft of the prospectus is composed. This initial consultation will provide opportunity for redirection and refinement as appropriate, along with advice on how the particular topic might best be developed into a library-based, biblically, and practically oriented PhD dissertation. The student will complete a quiz verifying that they have completed the requirement. (CLO: A, B).
The fourth and final comprehensive exam requires the composition of an article related to the student’s intended dissertation topic. The article functions as a “field essay” and (1) establishes that the student has “read themselves into the field” sufficient to demonstrate mastery of the issues and literature appropriate to the PhD level of research, and (2) establishes that the student has a viable proposed research topic in the field. In preparation for the exam, the student must write a brief proposal (2-page maximum) to be submitted to the professor for approval. (CLO: A).
Once the Comprehensive Exam 4: Journal Article Proposal Assignment has been approved by the instructor of PRTH 987, the student must prepare and submit a publishable article on an approved topic relevant to the student’s dissertation that explores a gap in the literature. This exam must demonstrate that the student has a mastery of the field, a grasp of the literature, and an ability to integrate information and themes developed in their PhD in Practical Theology coursework. (CLO: A).
The PhD in Practical Theology prospectus will be submitted in two stages: first draft and final draft. In the first draft submission, the student will submit a prospectus containing 4 key components: (1) a dissertation abstract; (2) a description of the dissertation’s research methodology and design of the dissertation’s argument; (3) a chapter-by-chapter outline; (4) a working bibliography. (CLO: B, C).
The final draft of the dissertation prospectus will contain the same 4 components as the Dissertation Prospectus First Draft Assignment and will gather up, address, and remediate any issues raised by the instructor. (CLO: B, C).
The student will complete the Dissertation Supervisor Pairing Quiz to verify that they are ready to be paired with a dissertation supervisor. (CLO: G).
Considering the elements of a good argument in Turabian’s A Manual for Writers, Chapter 5, “Planning Your Argument,” the student will assess their dissertation’s proposed argument relative to (1) its central claim; (2) warrants on which the claim relies; (3) evidence supporting the claim the student intends to present in the dissertation; and (4) the student’s response to potential objections to the argument. Then, the student will describe their research methodology relative to 4 key concerns: (1) it employs library-based (rather than human subject) research; (2) it employs an evidence-based, logically-defensible research heurism; (3) it is biblical and theological with engagement with primary sources as appropriate; and (4) it is practical. The paper must be double-spaced and between 7-10 pages in length, exclusive of title page, contents page, and bibliography, and follow current Turabian format guidelines, utilizing footnote citations. The paper must consist of two distinct sections: argument analysis and revised research methodology. (CLO: D).
Because this is a PhD in Practical Theology, engagement with the biblical text (primary source) sufficient to undergird both the theological and practical components of the student’s research is both required and expected. The student will complete a quiz verifying that they have engaged in appropriate primary source research related to their dissertation’s topic and focus. (CLO: E, F).
Because Kate Turabian’s A Manual for Writers is the style standard for the student’s dissertation, the student will complete a quiz verifying that they have reviewed the style guide sufficiently to be able to produce a clean dissertation. (CLO: E, F).
Once the student has been notified of dissertation supervisor pairing, the student will reach out to the dissertation supervisor and request an initial consultation. This consultation meeting will typically be 20 to 30 minutes in length and will be conducted virtually through Microsoft Teams or the current video conferencing platform the university is using at the time. (CLO: G).
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Published on September 7, 2022 by Tegan George and Shona McCombes. Revised on November 21, 2023.
The introduction is the first section of your thesis or dissertation , appearing right after the table of contents . Your introduction draws your reader in, setting the stage for your research with a clear focus, purpose, and direction on a relevant topic .
Your introduction should include:
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How to start your introduction, topic and context, focus and scope, relevance and importance, questions and objectives, overview of the structure, thesis introduction example, introduction checklist, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about introductions.
Although your introduction kicks off your dissertation, it doesn’t have to be the first thing you write — in fact, it’s often one of the very last parts to be completed (just before your abstract ).
It’s a good idea to write a rough draft of your introduction as you begin your research, to help guide you. If you wrote a research proposal , consider using this as a template, as it contains many of the same elements. However, be sure to revise your introduction throughout the writing process, making sure it matches the content of your ensuing sections.
Begin by introducing your dissertation topic and giving any necessary background information. It’s important to contextualize your research and generate interest. Aim to show why your topic is timely or important. You may want to mention a relevant news item, academic debate, or practical problem.
After a brief introduction to your general area of interest, narrow your focus and define the scope of your research.
You can narrow this down in many ways, such as by:
It’s essential to share your motivation for doing this research, as well as how it relates to existing work on your topic. Further, you should also mention what new insights you expect it will contribute.
Start by giving a brief overview of the current state of research. You should definitely cite the most relevant literature, but remember that you will conduct a more in-depth survey of relevant sources in the literature review section, so there’s no need to go too in-depth in the introduction.
Depending on your field, the importance of your research might focus on its practical application (e.g., in policy or management) or on advancing scholarly understanding of the topic (e.g., by developing theories or adding new empirical data). In many cases, it will do both.
Ultimately, your introduction should explain how your thesis or dissertation:
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Perhaps the most important part of your introduction is your questions and objectives, as it sets up the expectations for the rest of your thesis or dissertation. How you formulate your research questions and research objectives will depend on your discipline, topic, and focus, but you should always clearly state the central aim of your research.
If your research aims to test hypotheses , you can formulate them here. Your introduction is also a good place for a conceptual framework that suggests relationships between variables .
To help guide your reader, end your introduction with an outline of the structure of the thesis or dissertation to follow. Share a brief summary of each chapter, clearly showing how each contributes to your central aims. However, be careful to keep this overview concise: 1-2 sentences should be enough.
I. Introduction
Human language consists of a set of vowels and consonants which are combined to form words. During the speech production process, thoughts are converted into spoken utterances to convey a message. The appropriate words and their meanings are selected in the mental lexicon (Dell & Burger, 1997). This pre-verbal message is then grammatically coded, during which a syntactic representation of the utterance is built.
Speech, language, and voice disorders affect the vocal cords, nerves, muscles, and brain structures, which result in a distorted language reception or speech production (Sataloff & Hawkshaw, 2014). The symptoms vary from adding superfluous words and taking pauses to hoarseness of the voice, depending on the type of disorder (Dodd, 2005). However, distortions of the speech may also occur as a result of a disease that seems unrelated to speech, such as multiple sclerosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
This study aims to determine which acoustic parameters are suitable for the automatic detection of exacerbations in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by investigating which aspects of speech differ between COPD patients and healthy speakers and which aspects differ between COPD patients in exacerbation and stable COPD patients.
I have introduced my research topic in an engaging way.
I have provided necessary context to help the reader understand my topic.
I have clearly specified the focus of my research.
I have shown the relevance and importance of the dissertation topic .
I have clearly stated the problem or question that my research addresses.
I have outlined the specific objectives of the research .
I have provided an overview of the dissertation’s structure .
You've written a strong introduction for your thesis or dissertation. Use the other checklists to continue improving your dissertation.
If you want to know more about AI for academic writing, AI tools, or research bias, make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!
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The introduction of a research paper includes several key elements:
and your problem statement
Don’t feel that you have to write the introduction first. The introduction is often one of the last parts of the research paper you’ll write, along with the conclusion.
This is because it can be easier to introduce your paper once you’ve already written the body ; you may not have the clearest idea of your arguments until you’ve written them, and things can change during the writing process .
Research objectives describe what you intend your research project to accomplish.
They summarize the approach and purpose of the project and help to focus your research.
Your objectives should appear in the introduction of your research paper , at the end of your problem statement .
Scope of research is determined at the beginning of your research process , prior to the data collection stage. Sometimes called “scope of study,” your scope delineates what will and will not be covered in your project. It helps you focus your work and your time, ensuring that you’ll be able to achieve your goals and outcomes.
Defining a scope can be very useful in any research project, from a research proposal to a thesis or dissertation . A scope is needed for all types of research: quantitative , qualitative , and mixed methods .
To define your scope of research, consider the following:
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What is a dissertation vs. a thesis? In American English, a dissertation is a research paper that's required to earn a doctorate degree, while a thesis is a research paper required to earn a master's degree. Dissertations and theses (the plural of thesis) are often mixed up because they're both lengthy research papers written for higher education, especially as part of a master's or ...
How To Write A Dissertation: 8 Steps. Clearly understand what a dissertation (or thesis) is. Find a unique and valuable research topic. Craft a convincing research proposal. Write up a strong introduction chapter. Review the existing literature and compile a literature review.
A dissertation is typically the capstone project for a doctorate, while a thesis is the capstone project for a master's degree program (or undergraduate program). Candidates will have to defend their dissertation during an oral presentation in front of their committee. Only some master's theses require this.
A thesis and a dissertation are both extensive research papers, and both require literature searches and novel findings, but the two differ in various ways. Their definitions also differ across regions. Typically, in North America, a thesis is required for the completion of a master's degree, while a dissertation is required for the completion of a doctoral degree.
The main difference between a dissertation and thesis is the scope of the research. A dissertation develops unique and original concepts in a particular field of research, whereas a thesis is usually a culmination of existing research. The main purpose of a writing a dissertation is to add new findings to the existing literature in that field ...
The primary difference between a dissertation and a thesis lies in their purpose and structure. A dissertation aims to contribute new knowledge to a specific field of study and is typically a more extensive and comprehensive project. It involves an in-depth exploration of a research problem or question, often requiring the collection and ...
A dissertation (or thesis) is a process. Okay, so now that you understand that a dissertation is a research project (which is testing your ability to undertake quality research), let's go a little deeper into what that means in practical terms. The best way to understand a dissertation is to view it as a process - more specifically a ...
A thesis is a type of research paper based on your original research. It is usually submitted as the final step of a master's program or a capstone to a bachelor's degree. Writing a thesis can be a daunting experience. Other than a dissertation, it is one of the longest pieces of writing students typically complete.
A thesis is typically shorter than a dissertation, with an average length of around 50 pages. On the other hand, a dissertation is a much longer piece of work, typically around 100-200 pages in length. However, length isn't the only difference between these two academic research projects. The purpose can be largely different too!
A dissertation is a long-form piece of academic writing based on original research conducted by you. It is usually submitted as the final step in order to finish a PhD program. Your dissertation is probably the longest piece of writing you've ever completed. It requires solid research, writing, and analysis skills, and it can be intimidating ...
A thesis is typically between 50 and 100 pages in length and is written during the final year of a master's degree program. A dissertation is generally 100 to 400 pages long and may involve several years of work. Completion process. Students submit their thesis projects to a group of two or more faculty mentors.
A dissertation is 2-3x that in length; A thesis expands upon and analyzes existing research; A dissertation's content is mostly attributed to the student as the author; Research Content and Oral Presentation. Once completed, some programs require students to orally present their thesis and dissertation to a panel of faculty members. Typically ...
The words ' dissertation ' and 'thesis' both refer to a large written research project undertaken to complete a degree, but they are used differently depending on the country: In the UK, you write a dissertation at the end of a bachelor's or master's degree, and you write a thesis to complete a PhD.
Contemporary Trends In Dissertation Vs Thesis. In the 21st century, the thesis and dissertation continue to evolve. Educational institutions are adapting to new forms of scholarship, interdisciplinary research, and varied modes of dissemination. The focus is often on producing high-quality, original research that contributes significantly to ...
The primary difference between a thesis and a dissertation is the time when they are completed. As mentioned earlier, a thesis is presented at the culmination of a master's program, whereas, a dissertation is presented to earn a Ph.D. A thesis is a compilation of research ensuring that the researcher is well-informed and has knowledge about ...
A thesis is a long-term, large project that involves both research and writing; it is easy to lose focus, motivation, and momentum. Here are suggestions for achieving the result you want in the time you have. The dissertation is probably the largest project you have undertaken, and a lot of the work is self-directed.
Lastly, one of the main differences between a dissertation and a thesis is the potential for publication. As the dissertation is more extensive and requires original research contributing to the academic field, theses are less likely to be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Although a master's thesis is more narrowly focused, it can still ...
Length: Theses vary in length depending on the institution, program, and field of study. However, they are generally shorter than dissertations. A typical master's thesis can range from 50 to 100 pages. This concise format necessitates precision and clarity in presenting research findings and arguments.
When starting your thesis or dissertation process, one of the first requirements is a research proposal or a prospectus. It describes what or who you want to examine, delving into why, when, where, and how you will do so, stemming from your research question and a relevant topic. The proposal or prospectus stage is crucial for the development ...
The masters thesis and doctoral dissertation are written documents that describe the graduate student's research. The subject of the thesis/dissertation is chosen by mutual agreement between the student and major adviser, and must be approved by the student's Supervisory Committee. There is no fixed length for the thesis/dissertation, although the Supervisory Committee should
Defining the two terms: thesis vs. research paper. The first step to discerning between a thesis and research paper is to know what they signify. Thesis: A thesis or a dissertation is an academic document that a candidate writes to acquire a university degree or similar qualification. Students typically submit a thesis at the end of their final ...
Research and Write Effectively: Dissertation, Thesis, Term paper . Working on a doctoral dissertation, a master's thesis, a senior capstone, or an undergraduate term paper? Meet with a subject librarian to refine your research question, design a literature review search, learn about research methods, and connect to tools for qualitative and ...
It is important that you appropriately plan to defend and submit your thesis or dissertation in the approved and accepted format to the Graduate School. Upon submission, your manuscript will undergo review for final acceptance by the University. The Thesis and Dissertation deadlines allow time for review, editing and approval by the Graduate ...
The public sharing of original dissertation research is a principle to which the University is deeply committed, and dissertations should be made available to the scholarly community at the University of Chicago and elsewhere in a timely manner. If dissertation authors are concerned that making their research publicly available might endanger ...
Pre-candidacy. Student: Seeks information on dissertation requirements from program administrators, deans, and the Dissertation Office. Departments, divisions, and schools may have requirements in addition to requirements set by the University. Dissertation Office: Provides information about the University's dissertation requirements. Welcomes PhD students and encourages their questions at any ...
Step 1: Check the requirements. Step 2: Choose a broad field of research. Step 3: Look for books and articles. Step 4: Find a niche. Step 5: Consider the type of research. Step 6: Determine the relevance. Step 7: Make sure it's plausible. Step 8: Get your topic approved. Other interesting articles.
Robin DiAngelo, the author of the 2018 best-seller White Fragility, is facing allegations that she plagiarized her 2004 doctoral thesis, including copying from minority scholars.. The Washington Free Beacon first reported the allegations, which were made in an anonymous complaint filed with the University of Washington.The school is where the dissertation was submitted, and DiAngelo is ...
Includes 2.4 million dissertation and thesis citations from around the world from 1861 to the present day together with one million full-text dissertations that are available for download in PDF format. The database offers full-text for most dissertations added since 1997 and strong retrospective full-text coverage for older titles.
In the first draft submission, the student will submit a prospectus containing 4 key components: (1) a dissertation abstract; (2) a description of the dissertation's research methodology and ...
How to Write a Thesis or Dissertation Introduction. Published on September 7, 2022 by Tegan George and Shona McCombes. Revised on November 21, 2023. The introduction is the first section of your thesis or dissertation, appearing right after the table of contents.Your introduction draws your reader in, setting the stage for your research with a clear focus, purpose, and direction on a relevant ...