viewpoint synthesis essay

How to Write a Synthesis Essay

Synthesis essays are common assignments in both high school and university, but that doesn’t mean they’re easy or that everyone knows how to write them. In this guide, we discuss everything you need to know in order to write one yourself. We talk about synthesis essay structure and offer some general tips, plus we clarify any confusion between a synthesis essay versus an argumentative essay.

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What is a synthesis essay?

A synthesis essay is a type of essay that combines points, data, and evidence from multiple sources and turns them into one idea that the writing revolves around. In other words, the writer synthesizes their own idea using other sources’ research and points. Usually, synthesis essays are a type of analytical essay , but they have crossover with other types of essays as well, such as argumentative essays .

The central idea in a synthesis essay is represented by the thesis statement , a sentence that succinctly explains the main point of the essay. In a synthesis essay, this “new” idea usually consolidates the main points and/or findings of other sources.

Synthesis essay structure

Creating a solid synthesis essay structure is one of the hardest parts of writing a synthesis essay. Unlike most other essay outlines , an outline for a synthesis essay has to include points from multiple sources, and such combinations don’t always have a logical or chronological sequence. To help you out, here are three strategies for creating a synthesis essay structure and sample outlines that you can use as templates.

Synthesis essay structure 1: By topic

The first kind of synthesis essay structure involves discussing each topic individually, mentioning each source’s perspective on it, and then moving on to the next topic. This approach lets you compare or join together points made by different sources about the same specific topic.

Structuring your synthesis essay by topic works best for more complicated ideas with different aspects that should be explored individually.

Example outline:

I. Introduction A. Thesis statement

II. Topic 1 A. Source A discussing Topic 1 1. A point or piece of evidence/data from Source A about Topic 1 2. Another point or piece of evidence/data from Source A about Topic 1 3. [Etc.]

B. Source B discussing Topic 1 1. A point or piece of evidence/data from Source B about Topic 1 2. [Etc.] 

III. Topic 2 A. Source A discussing Topic 2 B. [Etc.] 

IV. Topic 3 A. [Etc.]

[You can keep going like this with as many topics as you need.]

V. Conclusion A. Revisit thesis statement

Synthesis essay structure 2: By source

Alternatively, you can organize your synthesis essay structure by source: You discuss the main points of one source together and then move on to another source. This approach lets you compartmentalize the main points according to where they come from but ultimately bring together the main points from different sources.

Structuring your synthesis essay by source works best when you want to emphasize the sources themselves over the points they make. For example, if you were using this type of structure for an argumentative essay, you might want to fully discuss the source you’re refuting before making your counterargument.

II. Source 1 A. Source 1 discussing Topic A 1. A point or piece of evidence/data from Source 1 about Topic A 2. Another point or piece of evidence/data from Source 1 about Topic A 3. [Etc.]

B. Source 1 discussing Topic B 1. A point or piece of evidence/data from Source 1 about Topic B 2. [Etc.]

III. Source 2 A. Source 2 discussing Topic A B. Source 2 discussing Topic B C. [Etc.]

IV. Source 3 A. [Etc.]

[You can keep going like this for all your sources.]

V. Conclusion 1. Revisit thesis statement

Synthesis essay structure 3: Combine

The synthesis essay structures above are by no means set in stone. You’re free to adapt or modify them however you need and can even combine them.

For example, what if there’s a special source that stands out from the others? You could begin your synthesis essay by discussing each topic individually so that your reader understands the issue. Then you could switch it up and include a section just for that one special source, explaining that source’s stance on the previously discussed topics.

3 tips for writing a synthesis essay

1 come up with a strong thesis statement.

As mentioned above, a thesis statement is a single sentence that briefly explains the main point of your essay. In a synthesis essay, the thesis statement should effectively bring together the ideas and points from multiple other sources.

Part of writing a strong thesis statement comes from choosing your essay topic . Pick a topic that is broad enough to have sufficient research and enough other sources discussing it but specific enough that you can cover everything.

As for writing the actual thesis statement, a helpful method is to phrase your topic as a question and then answer it. The answer could be a good start to your thesis statement sentence. For example, let’s say your topic is how Denmark came to be first in clean energy. You could phrase the question and answer as:

Q: “Why is Denmark the leading country in renewable energy?”

A: “Denmark is first in clean energy thanks in part to energy conservation from district heating, combined heat-and-power stations, and its use of small, locally based power plants instead of larger ones.”

That answer could double as your thesis statement and mentions some of the other types of sources you use in your essay.

2 Read all the sources carefully

A synthesis essay is only as good as its sources. The nature of a synthesis essay is to build on its sources, so you need to choose the best ones and understand each of them thoroughly.

Make sure you comb through your sources so you don’t miss a good point or piece of evidence you could use in your essay. It helps to come up with your thesis statement early on so you can look for points related to it when you’re reading.

3 Write a gripping introduction

One of the keys to any good essay, synthesis or not, is a strong opening. This is partially determined by your thesis statement, but the other sentences in your introduction also make a big impact.

For starters, you can learn how to write a hook . In writing, a hook is something that grabs the reader’s attention and makes them want to keep reading. Hooks can essentially be anything interesting. Some common strategies for writing hooks include using personal anecdotes to create an emotional connection or providing exciting facts/statistics that the reader might not know.

Additionally, the introduction should also explain the scope of your topic and set the scene for people who aren’t familiar with it. The goal of the introduction is to prepare the reader for what follows so that afterward you can transition straight into making your points.

Synthesis essay vs. argumentative essay

Synthesis essays are often compared to argumentative essays, which attempt to refute, debunk, or criticize existing ideas or other research. The truth is that the two are not mutually exclusive. Although synthesis essays tend to be analytical or expository, they can also be argumentative.

A synthesis essay is any essay that combines ideas from multiple sources to create a new unified idea. If that new idea is a rebuttal to a preexisting idea and the entire essay is written as a critique, then the essay would be both synthesis and argumentative.

Synthesis essay FAQs

A synthesis essay is a type of essay that combines points, data, and evidence from multiple sources and turns them into one unified idea. In other words, the writer synthesizes their own idea using other sources’ research and ideas.

What is a good synthesis essay structure?

Traditionally, the common approaches to creating a synthesis essay structure are organizing by topic or organizing by source. The former means you discuss each source’s perspective on a topic before moving to the next topic; the latter means you discuss one source’s stance on each topic and then move to another source. You can also create a hybrid structure of the two for particular subjects.

What is the difference between a synthesis essay and an argumentative essay?

Synthesis essays are often contrasted with argumentative essays, but the truth is that the two are not mutually exclusive. For example, an argumentative essay can use the format of a synthesis essay—combining points from multiple sources to form a new unified idea—in order to refute a preexisting idea.

Writing Synthesis Essay: Make it Easy with Our Comprehensive Guide

Table of contents

• 1 Purpose and Objectives of a Synthesis Essay
• 2.1 Explanatory Synthesis Essay
• 2.2 Argument Synthesis Essay
• 2.3 Review Synthesis Essay
• 3 Common Topics Encountered in Synthesis Essays
• 4.1 Conduct Thorough Research
• 4.2 Look from Diverse Perspectives
• 4.3.1 Chronological Method
• 4.3.2 Thematic Method
• 4.3.3 Point-by-point Method
• 5 Make a Synthesis Essay Outline to Structure Content
• 6.1 Critically Analyze Sources and Identify Their Relevance to the Thesis Statement
• 7.1 Support Your Arguments
• 7.2 Address Counterarguments
• 8.1 Bibliography
• 9 Proofread and Edit Your Essay
• 10 Bottom line
• 11.1 How long should a synthesis essay be?
• 11.2 How many paragraphs are in a synthesis essay?
• 11.3 Is a synthesis essay argumentative?
• 11.4 Does a synthesis essay have a counterargument?

Being a student is a challenging task, as you have to handle different types of essays, particularly synthesis essays. What is a synthesis essay? Such creative writing helps students to develop research skills, conduct a thorough analysis and improve their writing skills. Also, it boosts their abilities to deliver original ideas, arguments, and clear explanations of particular viewpoints. Students might often receive such writing tasks for the AP English language exam. We know how challenging it can be for them to write a synthesis essay.

With this in mind, we uncover the key points of synthesis writing in this review, which are the following:

• We’ll define the main traits of this essay type
• What are the different types?
• We collect the best advice on how to write a synthesis essay.
• and prepared the list of synthesis essay topic examples.

If you find it difficult to start your synthesis essay, you can get help from our PapersOwl service. The best experts in academic writing await you to bring up a good synthesis essay with a high assessment grade.

Purpose and Objectives of a Synthesis Essay

First and foremost, it is vital to understand the definition of a synthesis essay. It is a type of essay in which you should provide justified arguments, ideas, or statements based on a particular point of view. Composing a synthesis essay requires a lot of time and effort. You must analyze many credible sources to collect specific data and create a unique research paper. Synthesizing sources has to do with analyzing them, but not vice versa. You should provide an in-depth analysis of each source and then combine the similarities or differences between them into one coherent and well-structured essay. The next section uncovers this matter.

Key Features and Components

A synthesis essay counts a few types depending on the objectives to reveal. But essential synthesis essay components are the same and consist of three main parts: introduction, main body, and conclusion. The introductory paragraph should be catchy and highlight the main points of your paperwork due to a good thesis statement. The main body should include at least three paragraphs separated by exposing different thoughts, arguments, or explanations. The conclusion should also leave a spot for meditating for your reader on what you have disclosed in it. Further, we explain three types of synthesis papers and their specifications.

Explanatory Synthesis Essay

This type of synthesis essay involves disclosing various facts, views, or points. That’s why it is required to explore many reliable sources to get as much relevant information about a topic under investigation as possible. Thus, a writer can explain the emergence of certain points of view and facts. This writing task helps high school and college students do deep research, compare facts and perspectives, and deliver a detailed synthesis analysis essay. It is essential to complement each statement with specific evidence and statistical data. This will underline the relevance of the information introduced in an essay and make it meaningful and reasonable.

Argument Synthesis Essay

When writing argumentative essays , one must choose a specific topic and present arguments supporting or opposing viewpoints. This writing assignment incorporates two objectives: gather and systemize information revealing the main topic and argue them from your perspective. It requires creativity and deep knowledge of the field and aspect you must put on paper. Writing an argumentative essay is not an easy task. You should stick to a particular perspective and move on to exposing it. It is crucial to provide enough facts and proof to convince your reader that your viewpoint is noteworthy.

Review Synthesis Essay

Review synthesis essays are often parts of larger projects and are used to make reviews of particular aspects, for example, in medicine and social sciences. When composing this type of essay, you should provide full information about the examined object, state, or problem. The literature review should contain as many key points and peculiarities as possible. Thus, it will draw a complete picture of an aspect that will bring clarification and worth to your topic. To hook your reader from the very onset, you should articulate a good synthesis thesis statement in your introductory paragraph.

Common Topics Encountered in Synthesis Essays

To help you with a topic choice for your AP Lang synthesis essay, we listed some from different fields and sciences. The first of three essays is about AI technology. We tried to single out the most relevant example prompt topics for you to get started with. Check them out below.

• Artificial intelligence: Big threat or valuable tool for modern society
• Cryptomarket: The ups and downs
• Technology in the traditional classroom: A threat or benefit?
• Explain whether testing new drugs on animals is ethically permissible
• Should alternative medications be covered by insurance?
• Disturbance regimes under Global Warming
• Explaining how the American way of life contributes to global warming
• Distance education: Its effect on college students on campus
• Can modern people keep complete control over their life?
• Nuclear or solar power: Benefits and Demerits
• Explain the impact of gas fuel plants
• Remote work impact on people: How is their physical activity?
• Explain the role of sport in the American education system
• Is it possible to buy happiness for money?
• The basic survival skills everyone should know

Tips on How to Write Synthesis Essay

It is easier said than done when it comes to writing a synthesis essay. That is true, and for this reason, we outlined the list of valuable synthesis essay tips we consider the most essential to focus on. They are helpful for both writing an AP lang synthesis essay and a term assessment. Check them out.

Conduct Thorough Research

A good paper is regarded as meaningful when it is based on deep and all-encompassing research. Don’t neglect to provide a thorough exploration of your topic. The more information you find, the more valuable and reasonable your essay will be. But make sure you use credible sources to summarize and synthesize the data. Once you have a viewpoint to reveal, look for sources that support it or oppose it so that you can use them to substantiate your perspective.

Look from Diverse Perspectives

When willing to express one particular point or argument, consider other perspectives that might contradict your ideas. Why is it important? You should be aware of all the main arguments or acceptances occurring around your topic. It is essential to study different points of view that emerged on the basis of your theme or aspect under study. This could help you disclose another side or significance of your essay topic and change the focus of the main content you want to unleash. Doing this can reveal a new perspective, idea, or aspect of your synthesis essay’s research.

Choose an Organizational Method

Although an essay has a standard structure, your content should be well-composed and introduced coherently. All data should be outlined so a reader will enjoy the smooth turn from one statement to another. Depending on the field and aspect you are preparing a synthesis essay about, there are three methods to organize the content in your paper. They are the following:

Chronological Method

If you include dates or other significant events in your review or argumentative essay, it makes sense to present them in chronological order. Every fact should be justified per its development. So later, you can introduce your perspective or statement that will explain the impact of prior events. For example, when revealing a particular historical period in the US, you should first mention all important events chronologically. So then, you can argue your idea about the changes they brought to the country from a political or international perspective.

Thematic Method

A synthesis paper can be written for any field of science to represent a shorter version of facts, viewpoints, research results, etc. That’s why students can come across some topics that require uncovering a few themes in one essay. It is where a thematic method of content organization takes place. You should determine what notions or terms should be mentioned and revealed in your paper. Then, think of what term might explain or continue a key message of another term. Once you find out this detail, you should present each term one after another, keeping coherence in the information flow.

Point-by-point Method

As synthesis papers deal with different ideas, arguments, viewpoints, etc., comparison as a research method has a place. You can operate with many hypotheses, approaches, ideas, and arguments, so comparing them and finding their similarities and differences makes sense. This content organization method involves explaining one point of the synthesis statement, and then another point to compare further.

Crafting a successful synthesis essay requires a well-structured outline, which can be challenging to develop without assistance. Luckily, many academic essay writing services, such as PapersOwl.com, offer support in this area. To help you get started, here is an outline you can utilize to write a compelling synthesis essay that will leave a lasting impression on your professor.

Make a Synthesis Essay Outline to Structure Content

Earlier, we emphasized the importance of orchestrating your main content under study. This section covers the crucial thing in writing a synthesis essay: an outline. The outline is a great synthesis essay template for structuring your entire paper. We recommend you always stick to it once you define your essay’s topic and objective. Thanks to it you will be able to keep your focus on the angle of your work.

If you want to deepen your knowledge, we have prepared steps on how to write a synthesis essay outline. The outline of your essay must include three main components, but it can vary, and mostly the main difference is in a short and cited presentation of the thoughts you want to reveal in your essay. Below, we introduce a brief outline structure:

• Introductory part

The beginning of your essay mustn’t be too long. It is enough to disclose your objective, the main topic, and a strong thesis statement in one paragraph. It doesn’t make sense to keep a reader’s attention for long in the introduction, explaining what you are going to describe or argue in detail. Present it shortly and precisely.

• Body paragraph

In this part of the essay, you should introduce all you have researched, analyzed, and systematized. Likewise, you should expose your material in a minimum of three paragraphs. Each part has an appropriate synthesis-paragraph structure. In the outline, we recommend you craft a bullet list of three here and note shortly what points you want to describe in each paragraph.

This is the summarizing part of the essay, where you conclude all the information introduced in your synthesis essay. It is essential to repeat the thesis statements here. It should also be concise.

Write an Engaging Introduction

A good synthesis essay should get a reader engaged straight from its introduction. An introductory part should be composed in an interesting way to keep reading your essay. Here is where a reader finds out about the background of the topic and what main problems or ideas will be discussed. Such information should be catchy, and it is essential to make the first opening sentence sharper.

Another important thing in the introduction is crafting a hooky synthesis essay thesis statement. The thesis will be like a compass to the main points of your essay. Try to make the topic sentence specific and intriguing by matching your essay objectives.

Introduction synthesis essay example: When it comes to running a successful business, there’s no doubt that having the right people on board is crucial. After all, a company is simply a group of individuals working together towards a common goal. However, not enough emphasis is placed on what the “right” people actually look like. That’s why I wanted to bring attention to an often overlooked but incredibly important attribute: resistance. In this article, I’ll explain what resistance is, why it matters, and how you can identify it in potential team members.

Critically Analyze Sources and Identify Their Relevance to the Thesis Statement

A thesis presents a key message of your paper. This is what both reveals the focus of an essay and captures a reader’s attention. That’s why it requires exploring many sources carefully and critically analyzing them to identify their relevance. So then, you can formulate a strong thesis statement that will combine the key points of the synthesis essay. The more valuable data you find and analyze, the more precious your thesis.

The Main Body

There are three parts to your essay, each using a different type of evidence. The first two sections should contain evidence that supports your thesis. This can be in the form of direct quotes from your sources , statistics, and/or other research that supports your claim. The third section should contain evidence against your thesis – or what some might call “counterpoints” or “arguments against”.

Building on this structure, it’s imperative to recognize that the very foundation of your thesis relies on the robustness of these supporting arguments. Let’s look closer.

Support Your Arguments

Every thought, idea, assumption, and definition from your thesis statement must be justified by supporting arguments. No one will get involved in a piece that tells about everything and nothing simultaneously when there is no evidence and proof of mentioned facts. This point is vital as your perspective must have a background, and you should explain the reasons you provide a particular argument or viewpoint.

Extensive research and analysis of credible sources allow students to come up with exciting and valuable solutions, ideas, and directions. That’s why the time spent on deep study will always pay you back. It is a very significant component in writing argumentative synthesis essays. So, make sure you find supporting arguments for the idea or perspective you want to convey to a reader. This will increase the persuasiveness and worthiness of your message in the essay.

Address Counterarguments

Sometimes, it is difficult to persuade someone when many counterarguments make your point of view unworthy. The same might happen when you decide to start a synthesis essay and prove your opposite perspective. This task is challenging and requires thorough research of counterarguments. Only by having analyzed a massive set of information, one can provide reasonable comparisons and meaningful explanations to let a reader take their perspectives into account. Here are a few helpful tips on how to maintain a persuasive stance while considering opposing viewpoints:

• Study all counterarguments that might be according to your viewpoint;
• Learn the background of the counterarguments;
• Find out what consequences they can lead to (if they are negative);
• Weigh the influence of opposing arguments and find their weak points;
• Justify your viewpoints clearly and precisely with supporting evidence;
• Provide comparative analysis to underline the significance of your perspective;
• Never ignore the counterarguments in your informative synthesis essay paper.

Craft a Strong Conclusion

The conclusion is the last but not least component of a synthesis essay structure. The train of thoughts and ideas kept during the entire paper shouldn’t be interrupted instantly. It must have an excellent finalizing part where you sum up all mentioned in your essay and leave a good touch for your reader.

To craft a strong conclusion, you should present an overview of your research and note the main points of your argument or perspective. But remember, the conclusion doesn’t have to be too long and saturated. It should be brief, concise, and precise. Remember to remind your reader of your thesis statement and emphasize the relevance and significance of your essay’s topic.

Conclusion synthesis essay example: Through our research, we have identified effective strategies for dealing with repetitive motions in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. It is clear that multiple behavior modification therapies are important for improving this behavior. Further exploration into behavior modification techniques could lead to finding more therapy techniques that can greatly improve the lives of those with repetitive motion behaviors. We believe that this research can make a significant impact in helping individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder lead more fulfilling lives.

Bibliography

A bibliography is a list of books, journals, and other sources of information used in the essay. The bibliography should be alphabetically arranged by the author’s last name. All sources should be listed separately on a separate page following the main body of text or at the end of your paper.

Your research sources should be properly credited at the end of the essay, whether you’re using MLA, APA, or another format . The most common form for citing an author’s work is called “parenthetical citation” or “in-text citation.” In parenthetical citations, you include the title of the work (italicized), page numbers if applicable, year published (if applicable), medium (e.g., book), and publisher’s name (if not self-published).

Proofread and Edit Your Essay

Even if you think your work is impeccable, it needs to be proofread and edited. While you are concentrating on the writing process, you might skip some other nuances. This can be punctuation, typos, grammatical errors, or incorrect sentence order. For this reason, a synthesis essay must go through thorough proofreading to detect any kind of errors. Apart from this, you can split one body paragraph into two, for example, if you find different points discussed in it. You should also format it using a particular format style to handle a well-structured, edited, and formatted essay.

Bottom line

Wrapping up, we encourage you to follow our tips on how to write a good synthesis essay. Although any type of writing isn’t easy work, you can do it well with the help of good supporting sources available on our website. If you are short on time and understand that you can’t cope with this task, you can find an expert who writes essays for you to meet your deadlines. But if you decide to make it up alone, make sure to craft an outline and follow all the insightful tips mentioned in this article.

How long should a synthesis essay be?

How many paragraphs are in a synthesis essay, is a synthesis essay argumentative, does a synthesis essay have a counterargument, readers also enjoyed.

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Synthesis Essays: A Step-by-Step How-To Guide

A synthesis essay is generally a short essay which brings two or more sources (or perspectives) into conversation with each other.

The word “synthesis” confuses every student a little bit. Fortunately, this step-by-step how-to guide will see you through to success!

Here’s a step-by-step how-to guide, with examples, that will help you write yours.

Before drafting your essay:

After reading the sources and before writing your essay, ask yourself these questions:

• What is the debate or issue that concerns all of the writers? In other words, what is the question they are trying to answer?
• On what points do they agree?
• On what points do they disagree?
• If they were having a verbal discussion, how would writer number one respond to the arguments of writer number two?

In a way, writing a synthesis essay is similar to composing a summary. But a synthesis essay requires you to read more than one source and to identify the way the writers’ ideas and points of view are related.

Sometimes several sources will reach the same conclusion even though each source approaches the subject from a different point of view.

Other times, sources will discuss the same aspects of the problem/issue/debate but will reach different conclusions.

And sometimes, sources will simply repeat ideas you have read in other sources; however, this is unlikely in a high school or AP situation.

To better organize your thoughts about what you’ve read, do this:

• Identify each writer’s thesis/claim/main idea
• List the writers supporting ideas (think topic sentences or substantiating ideas)
• List the types of support used by the writers that seem important. For example, if the writer uses a lot of statistics to support a claim, note this. If a writer uses historical facts, note this.

There’s one more thing to do before writing: You need to articulate for yourself the relationships and connections among these ideas.

Sometimes the relationships are easy to find. For example, after reading several articles about censorship in newspapers, you may notice that most of the writers refer to or in some way use the First Amendment to help support their arguments and help persuade readers. In this case, you would want to describe the different ways the writers use the First Amendment in their arguments. To do this, ask yourself, “How does this writer exploit the value of the First Amendment/use the First Amendment to help persuade or manipulate the readers into thinking that she is right?

Sometimes articulating the relationships between ideas is not as easy. If you have trouble articulating clear relationships among the shared ideas you have noted, ask yourself these questions:

• Do the ideas of one writer support the ideas of another? If so, how?
• Do the writers who reach the same conclusion use the same ideas in their writing? If not, is there a different persuasive value to the ideas used by one writer than by the other?
• Do the writers who disagree discuss similar points or did they approach the subject from a completely different angle and therefore use different points and different kinds of evidence to support their arguments?
• Review your list of ideas. Are any of the ideas you have listed actually the same idea, just written in different words?

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• Writing Tips

How to Write a Synthesis Essay

4-minute read

• 31st May 2023

Are you writing a synthesis essay? This is a paper that combines information from a variety of sources to form a new idea. Essentially, you’re synthesizing existing concepts and arguments to create something original.

As a student, you’ll probably have to write a synthesis essay at some point. Read on for our step-by-step guide on how to write one effectively.

Step 1. Define Your Idea or Argument

If you haven’t done so already, decide on a topic to write about. Read up about it using a variety of credible sources and make detailed notes while you research. Make sure you keep track of the sources you decide to pull information from so that you can cite them properly later.

Make a list of key points from your research. Once you have a good selection of material to work with, start developing your own idea or argument. This will be the focus of your essay.

Step 2. Create an Outline

Synthesis essays generally follow this format: an introduction, a handful of main body paragraphs, and a conclusion. It’s a good idea to come up with an essay plan before you start writing so that you can keep things organized while you work.

The outline is mainly helpful for deciding what to include in your body paragraphs. Decide what supporting points (and counterarguments ) from your research you want to include, and which order you want to discuss them in. You should have enough information to flesh out one paragraph for each point.

Step 3. Write Your Introduction

In your introduction, you should open with something that hooks the reader and captures their attention. Then, state your argument or idea (i.e., your thesis statement) and briefly summarize the material you’ll be including in your essay. You should also include any relevant background information here.

Step 4. Write the Body Paragraphs

Using your outline, discuss each point from your source material in more depth, devoting a body paragraph to each. Explain the information from the outside source, including appropriate citations, and discuss how it connects with your idea.

It’s a good idea to mostly focus on points that support your argument, but you should also include a paragraph with a counterargument or two. This means discussing a perspective that doesn’t necessarily align with your idea, and then explaining why your argument still works.

Step 5. Tie It All Together With a Conclusion

The conclusion should leave the reader feeling convinced of your idea. Restate your point clearly and summarize the main points you’ve discussed. You could also offer any concluding reflections on the topic.

Different Types of Synthesis Essays

While you can follow our steps for any type of synthesis essay, yours will probably fall under one of two categories: explanatory or argumentative.

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Argumentative essays are as they sound – they present an argument. With an argumentative essay, you’ll take a more definitive stance on something and use your supporting material to persuade the reader.

Explanatory essays don’t necessarily take a side one way or the other. Rather, they focus on developing and explaining a concept thoroughly. Knowing which type of essay you’re writing will help you to gather more effective source material for your purpose.

Cite Your Sources

Since synthesis essays are particularly dependent on outside material, it’s especially important that you cite your sources correctly. Familiarize yourself with your referencing system before you start researching so you know what information you need to keep track of, and include appropriate citations whenever you use someone else’s work.

At the end of the essay, you’ll need to compile your sources into a reference list following the requirements of your style guide.

Summary: Writing a Synthesis Essay

Hopefully, this post has helped you to feel more confident in writing a synthesis essay. Choose a topic first, do your research, keep track of your sources, and develop an argument or idea. From there, you can organize your thoughts into an outline and get to writing!

Once you’ve created a first draft, make sure you send it our way! We’ll check it for errors in grammar, spelling, referencing, and more. Try it out for free today.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a synthesis essay.

A synthesis essay gathers ideas and viewpoints from several different sources and ties them together to form a new concept.

How long is a synthesis essay?

Synthesis essays usually follow the five-paragraph format, with an introduction, three main body paragraphs discussing different points, and a conclusion.

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How to Write a Synthesis Essay

Last Updated: April 7, 2024 Fact Checked

This article was co-authored by Christopher Taylor, PhD . Christopher Taylor is an Adjunct Assistant Professor of English at Austin Community College in Texas. He received his PhD in English Literature and Medieval Studies from the University of Texas at Austin in 2014. There are 11 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 1,126,315 times.

Writing a synthesis essay requires the ability to digest information and present it in an organized fashion. While this skill is developed in high school and college classes, it translates to the business and advertising world as well. Scroll down to Step 1 to begin learning how to write a synthesis essay.

Examining Your Topic

• Argument synthesis: This type of essay has a strong thesis statement that presents the writer's point of view. It organizes relevant information gathered from research in a logical manner to support the thesis' point of view. Business white papers known as position papers often take this form. This is the type of synthesis essay that students will write during the AP test.
• Review: Often written as a preliminary essay to an argument synthesis, a review essay is a discussion of what has been written previously on a topic, with a critical analysis of the sources covered. Its unstated thesis is usually that more research needs to be done in that area or that the topic problem has not been adequately addressed. This type of paper is common in social science classes and in medicine.
• Explanatory/background synthesis: This type of essay helps readers understand a topic by categorizing facts and presenting them to further the reader's understanding. It does not advocate a particular point of view, and if it has a thesis statement, the thesis is a weak one. Some business white papers take this form, although they are more likely to have a point of view, if understated.

• Example of a broad topic narrowed down into a reasonable synthesis essay topic: Instead of the broad topic of Social Media, you could discuss your view on the effects texting has had on the English language.
• If you've been assigned a topic as part of a class, make sure you read the prompt carefully and fully understand it.

• Keep in mind that it's better to do three sources well than to do five sources incompletely.
• Annotate each source by writing notes in the margins. This allows you to keep track of your train of thought, developing ideas, etc.

• Example: Texting has had a positive impact on the English language as it has helped the millennial generation create their own form of the language.

• If you wish to take on a claim by an opponent of your idea, and to poke holes in it, you should also find some ideas or quotes that go against your thesis statement, and plan ways to disprove them. This is called a concession, refutation, or rebuttal, which can strengthen your argument if you do it well.
• Example : For the thesis statement listed above, excellent sources would include quotes from linguists discussing the new words that have developed through 'text-speak', statistics that show the English language has evolved with almost every generation, and facts that show students still have the ability to write with the use of grammar and spelling (which your opponents would bring up as the main reason texting has had a negative effect on the English language).

Outlining Your Essay

• The introductory paragraph: 1. An introductory sentence that acts as a hook, capturing the reader's interest. 2. Identification of the issue you will be discussing. 3. Your thesis statement.
• The body paragraphs: 1. Topic sentence that gives one reason to support your thesis. 2. Your explanation and opinion of the topic sentence. 3. Support from your sources that backs up the claim you just made. 4. Explanation of the significance of the source(s).
• The conclusion paragraph: 1. State further significance of your topic from the evidence and reasons you discussed in the essay. 2. A profound thought or thoughtful ending for your paper.

• Example/illustration. This may be a detailed recount, summary, or direct quote from your source material that provides major support for your point of view. You may use more than one example or illustration, if your paper calls for it. You should not, however, make your paper a series of examples at the expense of supporting your thesis.
• Straw man. With this technique, you present an argument opposed to the argument stated in your thesis, then show the weaknesses and flaws of the counter-argument. This format shows your awareness of the opposition and your readiness to answer it. You present the counter-argument right after your thesis, followed by the evidence to refute it, and end with a positive argument that supports your thesis. [5] X Research source
• Concession. Essays with concessions are structured similar to those using the straw man technique, but they acknowledge the validity of the counter-argument while showing that the original argument is stronger. This structure is good for presenting papers to readers who hold the opposing viewpoint.
• Comparison and contrast. This structure compares similarities and contrasts differences between two subjects or sources to show the facets of both. Writing an essay with this structure requires a careful reading of your source material to find both subtle and major points of similarity and difference. This kind of essay can present its arguments source-by-source or by points of similarity or difference.

• Summary. This structure presents summaries of each of your relevant sources, making a progressively stronger argument for your thesis. It provides specific evidence to support your point of view, but usually omits presenting your own opinions. It's most commonly used for background and review essays.
• List of reasons. This is a series of sub-points that flow from the main point of your paper as stated in its thesis. Each reason is supported with evidence. As with the summary method, reasons should become progressively more important, with the most important reason last.

Writing Your Essay

• Your essay should have an introductory paragraph that includes your thesis , a body to present evidence that supports your thesis, and a conclusion that summarizes your point of view.

• Lengthy quotes of three lines or more should generally be set off as block quotes to better call attention to them. [7] X Trustworthy Source Purdue Online Writing Lab Trusted resource for writing and citation guidelines Go to source

Finalizing Your Essay

• Ask someone else to proofread your paper. The saying “two heads are better than one” still holds true. Ask a friend or colleague what would they add or remove from the paper. Most importantly, does your argument make sense, and is it clearly supported by your sources?

• Read the paper aloud to guarantee that you don't accidentally add in or take out words when reading in your head.
• If you can, get a friend or classmate to proofread your essay as well.

• Example of citing in an AP synthesis essay: McPherson claims “texting has changed the English language in a positive way--it has given a new generation their own unique way to communicate” (Source E).
• For college essays, you'll most likely use MLA format. Whichever format you use, be consistent in its use. You may also be asked to use APA or Chicago style.

• Example title: : English and the iPhone: Exploring the Benefits of 'Text-Speak'

Outline Template

Community Q&A

• Just as your title should fit your essay instead of writing your essay to fit the title, your thesis, once chosen, should direct your subsequent research instead of subsequent research altering your thesis � unless you find you've adopted an unsupportable thesis. Thanks Helpful 21 Not Helpful 8

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://success.uark.edu/get-help/student-resources/synthesis-paper.php
• ↑ https://www.unr.edu/writing-speaking-center/student-resources/writing-speaking-resources/mapping-a-synthesis-essay
• ↑ https://www.bgsu.edu/content/dam/BGSU/learning-commons/documents/writing/synthesis/planning-synthesis-essay.pdf
• ↑ https://writingcenterofprinceton.com/synthesis-essays-a-step-by-step-how-to-guide/
• ↑ https://owl.excelsior.edu/argument-and-critical-thinking/logical-fallacies/logical-fallacies-straw-man/
• ↑ https://writingcommons.org/section/rhetoric/rhetorical-stance/point-of-view/third-person-point-of-view/
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_formatting_quotations.html
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/the_writing_process/proofreading/steps_for_revising.html
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/the_writing_process/proofreading/proofreading_suggestions.html
• ↑ https://www.edhs.org/ourpages/auto/2010/5/17/41759867/Synthesis%20Essay%20Introduction.pdf
• ↑ https://writing.umn.edu/sws/assets/pdf/quicktips/titles.pdf

About This Article

To write a synthesis essay, start by coming up with a thesis statement that you can support using all of the sources you've read for your essay. For example, your thesis statement could be "Texting has had a positive impact on the English language." Once you've got your thesis, go through your sources to find specific quotes, facts, and statistics that back up your claim. Structure your essay so it has an introduction that includes your thesis statement, a body that includes your arguments and evidence, and a conclusion that wraps everything up. For more tips on structuring your synthesis essay, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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Synthesis Essay Guide

Synthesis Essay Writing

Last updated on: Feb 9, 2023

Synthesis Essay: Step by Step Guide With Easy Tips

By: Nathan D.

Reviewed By: Melisa C.

Published on: Apr 6, 2021

Writing a synthesis essay is one skill that has been seen to translate easily from academia into all aspects of business and advertising. One way this plays out is through the ability to take on massive amounts of information quickly. So you can provide concise summaries or syntheses.

Scroll down below if you want some tips on how to write a perfect synthesis essay.

On this Page

What is A Synthesis Essay?

For the synthesis essay, you need to combine different ideas from various sources and present them in an argument that reflects your point of view.

Synthesis essays are easier to write than argumentative ones because there is an abundance of ideas and arguments in your write-up for a strong impact. So don’t simply present a plain summary but use strong evidence from researchable sources to support them.

While drafting ideas and adding various arguments, you’ll need to gather information from multiple sources. Identify the relationships between the concepts and integrate them into a persuasive stance. Start by taking up an impactful stance, and build your arguments and topic sentences around it.

How to Start a Synthesis Essay?

When writing an essay, it is important to know your purpose and develop a well-organized perspective. To do this, you should follow some steps that will help in your writing phase. These are:

1. Choose a Topic

Before you start writing the synthesis essay, it is important to choose a good topic. When brainstorming for an essay topic, avoid topics that are too broad or narrow in scope.

2. Gather Information

Once you have chosen your essay topic, start collecting the data for it. Use several sources and gather relevant information that will help develop your thesis statement.

3. Synthesis Essay Thesis Statement

The thesis statement should summarize the main idea of your essay. It's a short but important sentence that will make it easier for readers to follow along and access all points in further reading material about this topic.

The structure for your essay will largely depend on the topic you choose and what side of the argument you support. You’ll express this in a thesis statement that will form a pivotal part of your write-up. It has to be clear and believable enough to impact mindsets.

Start by composing research ideas into a strong thesis statement that is a lucid description of your stance or paradigm. It has to be strong enough to convince your reader to read on clearly defining your stance. And how you’ll approach the topic with different perspectives and valid supporting material.

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How to Write a Synthesis Essay?

Here are the steps you need to follow for writing a great synthesis essay.

1. Create an Outline

Expand on your argument or thesis statement by creating a synthesis essay outline. It is a logical structuring of your collated information and concepts. Essentially your outline must indicate a multitude of sub-arguments extracted from your main argument and evidence to support your thesis.

2. Focus on Creating a Catchy Introduction

The purpose of writing an introduction is to offer a clear insight into the essence of your topic, argument basics, and the primary purpose of your write-up. The intro is essentially a reflection of your thesis statement. So the more eloquent your description, the higher your chances of impressing the readers with gripping content.

3. Organize Your Thoughts

Use the body paragraphs to organize your thoughts into a logical flow that clearly explains each perspective for your position. Ideally, the body of your essay should be divided into short paragraphs, each highlighting a specific point of view.

Make sure you provide ample supporting evidence to present your ideas convincingly. The good idea is to categorize or group concepts after you read your sources. Then present them as one unique theme or feature.

Focus on synthesizing ideas based on paradigms that highlight core features from your thesis statement. And use apposite words to create the right kind of impact.

4. Highlight Vital Concepts

Usually, synthesis essays are more descriptive and informative. So, the presented facts and ideas must explain the relationship between different sources and how they address the topic.

Look for similarities and differences in how various sources explain your position, analyze it, and examine it from different angles.

Similar to an argumentative essay, point out both sides of your chosen paradigm. Also, the favorable position and the opposing argument before reaching the final conclusion.

5. Include Influential Conclusive Remarks

Your conclusive paragraph must be a resounding culmination of your position for the synthesis. Include a summarized version of all the sub-arguments from your thesis statement and connect these with your concluding words.

Also, mention your specific thoughts and perspective on these highlighted sub-arguments that link back to your stance. In short, your essay should have a clear sense of direction, a coherent structure, and a compelling narrative.

6. Proofread and Edit

Lastly, the most important step for writing any type of essay is to proofread it.

This gives you a chance to perfect your paper by getting rid of grammar and spelling errors. Unfortunately, your first draft will have several irrelevant details and errors that need editing at this stage.

Synthesis Essay Outline

Before starting the actual writing process, it will be good to make an outline for the essay. A good outline will serve as the backbone for your essay, and it will help you keep track of all the information in the paper.

The basic structure of an outline is given below:

Synthesis Essay Examples

Completing a synthesis essay can sometimes become a tough task even for experienced students. If you want to make sure that your essay is perfect.

SYNTHESIS ESSAY EXAMPLE

SYNTHESIS ESSAY FORMAT

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Synthesis Essay Topics

Look for a sample synthesis essay or interesting synthesis essay topics that will attract the reader’s interest and attention.

There are a variety of topics that you can examine for your synthesis essay.

When it comes to synthesis essays, the main objective is to test the writer’s ability to conduct research and relating different information.

Here is a list of interesting synthesis essay ideas that you can have a look at.

• Zero tolerance policies: pros and cons
• Essay on global warming
• How to encourage a reluctant reader?
• Factors influencing fashion
• Should high school athletes be drug tested?
• Is war good or bad?
• Should young people be allowed to use cell phones and tablets?
• What’s more productive for children: homeschooling or public school?
• Are video games an educational experience for kids?
• Should cellphone use be banned while driving?

Tips for Writing a Good Synthesis Essay

Here are some expert synthesis essay writing tips that you can follow for writing a great essay on your own.

• For a successful synthesis essay, you need to use sources with valuable information.
• Coming up with a synthesis essay outline is an integral part of creating your argument. It will help you know if you have enough points to make the argument or whether it needs more material for people to understand what's going on.
• The first thing you need to do is to study the topic carefully to understand its purpose. Go a little deeper to understand the idea and concept behind the topic.
• Do read your sources carefully, then summarize and document them.
• Do add examples and evidence from the source to support your ideas and claims. Do cite your sources as you go.
• Do elaborate on main ideas and organize them logically.
• Do aim to attract the reader’s attention by opening with an interesting thought. Set the right tone to make them want to read further.
• Do make use of logical transitions to move from one idea to another smoothly. Logically connect your ideas.
• Don’t present someone else’s work as your own. Do not copy! Plagiarism is a crime that you don’t want to get caught committing.
• Don’t take help from a single source. Having more than one source provides you with more options. In addition, it helps you to compare and contrast different facts and evidence to support your argument.
• Don’t expect to finish in an hour or even a day. Give yourself a flexible timeline to finish.
• Don’t be rigid when it comes to making changes to an idea. There’s always room for improvement.
• Don’t write using a passive voice and use simple English language words.

We hope that these steps and guidelines help you in crafting your essay. However, if you are faced with any confusion or difficulty in writing, you can contact us at  5StarEssays.com  .

We have the best team of qualified and experienced writers. We can write any type of academic assignment, whether an argumentative essay or synthesis paper, with the quality writing that will score you well on your assignments.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Do you use quotes in a synthesis essay.

A synthesis essay requires you to construct an argument by using sources and providing citations. If you use information from the sources, make sure to put it in quotes or cite them properly.

What is a topic sentence in a synthesis essay?

A topic sentence is a statement that expresses your main idea and helps you to keep track of the points in your paragraph. This type of sentence should introduce one reason supporting what you are saying without going into too much detail or repetition.

What should you not do in a synthesis essay?

You should not build your synthesis essay around the opinions of others, it would defeat the whole purpose of writing a synthesis paper where you are supposed to defend your stand by using evidence from both sides and formulating an opinion on what's right or wrong.

Education, Research

Nathan completed his Ph.D. in journalism and has been writing articles for well-respected publications for many years now. His work is carefully researched and insightful, showing a true passion for the written word. Nathan's clients appreciate his expertise, deep understanding of the process, and ability to communicate difficult concepts clearly.

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How to Write a Synthesis Paper: Key Strategies and Examples

• Dr. Huey Logan
• December 8, 2023
• Study Guides

Here’s how to write a synthesis paper . Whether you’re a student tackling an academic assignment or a professional seeking to improve your writing skills, this writing guide will provide you with key strategies and examples to help you succeed.

Here's What You'll Learn

A synthesis paper is a written discussion that incorporates support from multiple sources to examine a variety of viewpoints related to a thesis. It is commonly used in various types of assignments such as analysis papers, research papers, argument papers, and business reports.

To write an effective synthesis essay , it is crucial to establish a clear purpose, carefully select and evaluate sources, develop an organizational plan, and properly document sources to avoid plagiarism. Additionally, understanding different strategies for organizing a synthesis paper , such as climactic order, problem/solution, and comparison and contrast, can greatly enhance the structure and flow of your writing.

Remember that the tense to use in a synthesis paper depends on the citation style you are following, with MLA using present tense and APA using past tense.

Whether you’re new to synthesis writing or looking to refine your skills, this guide will take you step-by-step through the process and provide you with valuable insights and examples. Let’s dive in!

Key Takeaways:

• A synthesis paper incorporates support from multiple sources to examine different viewpoints related to a thesis.
• Important tips for writing an effective synthesis essay include establishing a clear purpose, selecting and evaluating sources, developing an organizational plan, and documenting sources to avoid plagiarism.

Strategies for organizing a synthesis paper include climactic order, problem/solution, and comparison and contrast.

• Choose the appropriate tense based on the citation style you are using, with MLA using present tense and APA using past tense.
• Mastering the art of writing a synthesis paper can help you convey your ideas effectively and engage with multiple perspectives.

Understanding the Process of Synthesizing Multiple Sources

A synthesis essay is an intricate task that requires the writer to bring multiple sources into conversation with each other. It involves identifying connections between ideas and points of view from different authors in order to develop a well-rounded analysis. To successfully navigate this process, several key steps should be followed.

Pre-writing Techniques for a Synthesis Essay

• Identify the debate or issue: Start by clearly understanding the topic and the various perspectives that exist.
• Determine points of agreement and disagreement: Analyze the sources to identify common ground and areas of contention between writers.
• Imagine a verbal discussion: Envision a conversation between the writers, imagining how they would respond to each other’s arguments.

These pre-writing techniques help provide a solid foundation for the synthesis essay, allowing the writer to have a clear understanding of the sources and their respective viewpoints.

Organizing Ideas in a Synthesis Essay

Organizing a synthesis essay is crucial for presenting a coherent and well-structured argument. Three main approaches can be used:

• Point by point organization: This approach focuses on discussing similar points among multiple sources. It allows for a comparison and analysis of ideas that are aligned.
• Source by source organization: Here, each source is summarized and interpreted individually. This approach is useful when the sources have distinct perspectives.
• Blended organization: A blended approach combines both point by point and source by source methods. It allows for a more sophisticated and comprehensive analysis.

By selecting the appropriate organization style, the writer can present the information in a structured and logical manner, facilitating understanding and engagement for the readers.

How to develop a Synthesis Essay Thesis Statement

A synthesis essay thesis statement acts as the foundation of the essay. It should be carefully crafted to acknowledge alternative points of view and demonstrate an understanding of complexity. A strong thesis statement will:

• State a strong position on the topic
• Briefly summarize the writer’s main points
• Introduce the sources that will be analyzed

By establishing a clear and compelling thesis statement, the writer sets the tone for the entire essay, guiding the analysis and providing a roadmap for the reader to follow.

How to Write a Synthesis Paper in 5 Proven Steps,

Do you find the process of writing a synthesis paper intimidating? Are you unsure of where to start or how to effectively organize your ideas? Don’t worry, you’re not alone. Writing a synthesis paper can be a challenging task, but with the right strategies and examples, it can become a much more manageable endeavor.

In this article, we will provide you with the key steps and techniques to write an engaging synthesis essay or synthesis paper. Whether you’re a student working on an academic assignment or a professional looking to develop your writing skills, this guide will equip you with the tools you need to succeed.

First, we will dive into understanding the synthesis paper format. By familiarizing yourself with the structure and requirements of a synthesis paper, you will be able to approach your writing with clarity and precision. Next, we will explore the importance of conducting in-depth research. You’ll learn how to gather and analyze relevant sources, ensuring that your synthesis paper is well-informed and well-supported.

Effective organization of ideas is crucial in any form of writing, and synthesis papers are no exception. We’ll provide you with strategies to arrange your thoughts and arguments in a logical and compelling manner. Additionally, crafting a strong thesis statement is essential for a successful synthesis paper. We’ll show you how to develop a concise and impactful thesis that serves as the backbone of your writing.

But that’s not all—we will guide you through the five proven steps of actually writing a synthesis paper. From outlining your paper to revising and polishing your final draft, we’ll cover each stage of the writing process. Furthermore, we will delve into writing clear and cohesive paragraphs, ensuring that your ideas flow seamlessly and your message resonates with your readers.

By following these five proven steps, you will be well-equipped to tackle any synthesis paper with confidence. Don’t let the writing process intimidate you anymore. Start unlocking your synthesis paper writing potential today and achieve the academic success you deserve! So, let’s dive in and discover how to write a synthesis paper that captivates and convinces.,

Understanding the Synthesis Paper Format

Understanding the Synthesis Paper Format is crucial when it comes to crafting a compelling and coherent piece of writing. By grasping the structure and components of this specific type of academic paper, you will be able to present your ideas in a clear and organized manner. In the following section, we will explore the key elements of the synthesis paper format and how to effectively utilize them to convey your arguments persuasively.

To begin with, the synthesis paper typically consists of an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. The introduction serves as a roadmap for your readers, providing them with a concise overview of the topic you will be discussing and the thesis statement that anchors your paper. This section should capture the attention of your audience and establish the relevance and significance of your chosen topic.

Moving on to the body paragraphs, these form the backbone of your synthesis paper. Each paragraph should focus on a specific aspect or subtopic that supports your thesis statement. It is essential to present information from multiple sources and critically analyze them, highlighting the connections, patterns, and conflicts among the sources. As you incorporate evidence and examples, ensure that you cite your sources accurately and consistently according to the required citation style.

Furthermore, maintaining a logical flow between paragraphs is crucial to ensure that your synthesis paper is cohesive and easy to follow. Use transitional words and phrases to smoothly connect ideas and demonstrate the relationships between different concepts. This will help your readers navigate through your paper effortlessly and grasp the central argument you are presenting.

Finally, the conclusion brings your synthesis paper to a close by summarizing your key points and restating your thesis statement in light of the evidence you have presented. It is also an opportunity to reflect on the significance of your findings and suggest potential avenues for future research or discussion. The conclusion should leave your readers with a sense of closure and reinforce the main ideas you have conveyed throughout your paper.

By understanding and implementing the synthesis paper format effectively, you will be able to create a strong and impactful piece of writing. In the next section, we will delve into the first step of the writing process, which is conducting in-depth research.,

Conducting In-Depth Research

Conducting in-depth research is a crucial step in writing a synthesis paper as it lays the foundation for the entire writing process. It involves gathering relevant and credible sources, thoroughly understanding the material, and identifying the key concepts and arguments presented. By immersing yourself in the research phase, you will be equipped with the necessary knowledge and understanding to effectively organize your ideas and create a cohesive synthesis paper that resonates with your readers.

To begin conducting in-depth research, it is important to first identify your topic and determine the specific areas or aspects you want to explore. This will help you narrow down your search and find the most relevant sources. Utilize a wide range of resources, including books, scholarly articles, reputable websites, and even interviews or surveys, to gather a comprehensive understanding of the topic.

As you navigate through the sea of information, critically evaluate the sources you come across. Consider the expertise and credibility of the authors, the publication date, and the reliability of the sources themselves. By doing so, you can ensure that the information you include in your synthesis paper is accurate and trustworthy.

While conducting research, take notes and highlight the key points, arguments, and evidence presented in each source. This will help you keep track of the information and easily refer back to it later when organizing your ideas. Additionally, make note of any opposing viewpoints or gaps in the literature, as addressing these in your synthesis paper can strengthen your argument and provide a more well-rounded perspective.

To enhance your understanding of the material, go beyond surface-level comprehension and strive to grasp the underlying themes, connections, and implications presented in the sources. Look for patterns, similarities, and differences among the various viewpoints and arguments, as these will be the building blocks of your synthesis paper.

By immersing yourself in thorough research, you will be able to gain a deep understanding of your topic and develop a strong foundation on which to build your synthesis paper. With this knowledge in hand, you can now move on to organizing your ideas effectively, ensuring that your paper flows smoothly and engages your readers from start to finish.,

Organizing Your Ideas Effectively

To truly capture the essence of your synthesis paper, it is essential to organize your ideas effectively. After immersing yourself in thorough research, gaining a deep understanding of your topic, and establishing a strong foundation, it’s time to structure your thoughts in a way that flows smoothly and engages your readers.

Start by identifying the key themes and arguments from your sources. Look for patterns, similarities, and differences among the various viewpoints. By organizing these elements, you can create a logical flow that guides your readers through your paper.

Consider creating an outline to map out the structure of your synthesis paper. Begin with a strong introduction that sets the stage for your topic and captures your readers’ attention. Then, arrange your main points in a coherent order that supports your thesis statement. Each paragraph should be dedicated to a specific idea or argument, and transitions between paragraphs should be seamless, guiding your readers smoothly from one point to the next.

Within each paragraph, use topic sentences to clearly introduce your main ideas. These topic sentences serve as signposts for your readers, highlighting the focus and purpose of each paragraph. Connect these ideas with supporting evidence from your sources, ensuring that your arguments are well-supported and persuasive.

Remember to consider the balance between your own voice and the voices of your sources. Aim for a synthesis that blends your own analysis and insights with relevant quotes and evidence from your research. This integration creates a cohesive narrative that showcases your understanding of the material while demonstrating your ability to critically evaluate multiple perspectives.

Ultimately, organizing your ideas effectively lays the groundwork for crafting a strong thesis statement. Through a thoughtful arrangement of your main points and arguments, you can guide your readers towards your central claim with finesse and conviction. So, let’s dive into the next section and explore how to craft a thesis statement that captures the essence of your synthesis.,

Crafting a Strong Thesis Statement

Organizing your ideas effectively lays the groundwork for crafting a strong thesis statement. Through a thoughtful arrangement of your main points and arguments, you can guide your readers towards your central claim with finesse and conviction. As we delve into the next section, we will explore how to craft a thesis statement that captures the essence of your synthesis, setting the stage for the five proven steps of writing a synthesis paper.,

Five Steps of Writing a synthesis Paper

Through a thoughtful arrangement of your main points and arguments, you can guide your readers towards your central claim with finesse and conviction. As we delve into the next section, we will explore how to craft a thesis statement that captures the essence of your synthesis, setting the stage for the five proven steps of writing a synthesis paper. These steps will provide you with a clear roadmap to effectively synthesize information from multiple sources and present it in a cohesive and compelling manner, ensuring that your readers can follow your thought process seamlessly. By following these steps, you will be able to not only convey your understanding of the topic but also showcase your ability to critically analyze various viewpoints and synthesize them into one coherent narrative. So, let’s dive into the five steps of writing a synthesis paper and unleash your expertise in crafting insightful and persuasive arguments.,

Writing Clear and Cohesive Paragraphs

Crafting clear and cohesive paragraphs is crucial when writing a synthesis paper. Your paragraphs serve as building blocks for your overall argument, allowing you to present your ideas in a logical and organized manner. By following a few key principles, you can ensure that your paragraphs flow smoothly and effectively communicate your message to your readers.

Firstly, it’s important to start each paragraph with a clear topic sentence that succinctly introduces the main point you will discuss. This topic sentence acts as a guide for both you and your readers, setting the stage for the information that follows. It should be concise, yet informative, giving your readers a preview of what they can expect to learn in the upcoming paragraph.

Once you have established your topic sentence, it’s essential to provide evidence and examples that support your main point. This evidence can come from your synthesis of multiple sources, showcasing your ability to analyze various perspectives and integrate them seamlessly. Be sure to use credible sources and cite them appropriately to bolster the credibility of your argument.

Furthermore, as you develop your paragraphs, it’s crucial to maintain coherence and cohesion throughout. This can be achieved by using transitional words and phrases to smoothly connect your ideas. Words like “furthermore,” “in addition,” and “similarly” can help bridge different concepts, enabling a seamless flow of information. Additionally, using pronouns and referencing previously mentioned ideas can reinforce the connections between paragraphs, creating a sense of continuity.

In terms of paragraph length, aim for a balance between brevity and depth. While overly long paragraphs can become unwieldy and difficult to follow, excessively short paragraphs can lack the necessary substance to fully develop your ideas. As a general rule, try to limit paragraphs to around four to six sentences, ensuring that each paragraph focuses on a single main point.

Finally, don’t forget to wrap up your paragraphs effectively. Consider including a concluding sentence that summarizes the main idea and provides a smooth transition to the next paragraph. This helps create a cohesive narrative, allowing your readers to easily follow your thought process and understand the progression of your argument.

By writing clear and cohesive paragraphs, you can effectively convey your understanding of the topic and present your synthesis in a compelling manner. This attention to paragraph structure and organization not only enhances the readability of your paper but also showcases your ability to critically analyze information and construct persuasive arguments. So, with these principles in mind, let’s continue our exploration of the five steps of writing a synthesis paper, further honing your skills in crafting insightful and persuasive content.,

In conclusion, writing a synthesis paper may seem like a daunting task, but with these five proven steps, you can approach it with confidence and ease. By understanding the synthesis paper format, conducting thorough research, organizing your ideas effectively, crafting a strong thesis statement, and following the step-by-step process, you will be well-prepared to tackle any synthesis paper that comes your way.

Remember, the key to success lies in writing clear and cohesive paragraphs that seamlessly bring together different sources and ideas. This will not only impress your readers but also provide a comprehensive and insightful analysis.

So, don’t let the writing process intimidate you any longer. Start unlocking your synthesis paper writing potential today and watch as your academic success soars to new heights. As the saying goes, “The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today.” Embrace the challenge, trust in your abilities, and let your newfound synthesis paper skills take center stage.

Now, armed with the knowledge and strategies outlined in this article, it’s time to put pen to paper (or fingers to keyboard) and let your ideas flow. Remember, your synthesis paper has the power to inform, persuade, and inspire change. So, use your voice, make your mark, and leave a lasting impression.

In the words of Albert Einstein, “The only source of knowledge is experience.” So go forth, gain experience, and let your synthesis paper be a testament to your growth, intelligence, and passion. Good luck on your writing journey, and may your synthesis papers shine brightly among the sea of academic excellence.

Concluding Thoughts on Writing a Synthesis Paper

Synthesis essays require a thoughtful analysis of multiple sources and the ability to synthesize their ideas into a cohesive argument or narrative. It is in the conclusion that we bring together all the threads of our analysis and present a final statement that encapsulates the main points discussed.

Effective writing

in a synthesis essay involves crafting a strong thesis statement that acknowledges alternative points of view while demonstrating an understanding of the complexity of the topic. This thesis statement sets the tone for the entire essay and guides the reader through the writer’s analysis.

Organizing ideas effectively is another vital aspect of synthesis writing. Whether using a point-by-point, source-by-source, or blended approach, the goal is to present a well-structured essay that showcases the writer’s ability to connect different sources and their perspectives.

In conclusion , writing a synthesis paper allows us to delve into multiple perspectives and gain a deeper understanding of complex topics. By employing the right strategies and examples, anyone can master the art of synthesis writing and effectively convey their ideas to readers. The journey of writing a synthesis paper may be challenging, but it is a rewarding process that enables us to engage with diverse viewpoints and contribute to the academic discourse.

What is a synthesis paper?

A synthesis paper is a written discussion that incorporates support from multiple sources to examine a variety of viewpoints related to a thesis.

What types of assignments require synthesis?

Synthesis is used in various types of assignments such as analysis papers, research papers, argument papers, and business reports.

What are the tips for writing an effective synthesis essay?

Tips for writing an effective synthesis essay include establishing a clear purpose, selecting and evaluating sources, developing an organizational plan, and documenting sources to avoid plagiarism.

What are the strategies for organizing a synthesis paper?

How should i analyze the position of each source.

Use different verbs to analyze the position of each source depending on its argumentative, research-focused, or emphasis-driven nature.

What tense should I use in a synthesis paper?

The tense to use in a synthesis paper depends on the citation style, with MLA using present tense and APA using past tense.

What is the purpose of a synthesis essay?

A synthesis essay brings multiple sources into conversation with each other, requiring the writer to identify the connections between ideas and points of view.

What are the pre-writing techniques for a synthesis essay?

Pre-writing techniques for a synthesis essay include identifying the debate or issue, determining points of agreement and disagreement among writers, and imagining a verbal discussion between writers.

How can I organize my thoughts for a synthesis essay?

Creating a grid of common points can help organize thoughts and identify categories for analysis.

What are the different ways to organize a synthesis essay?

Organizing a synthesis essay can be done in three ways: point by point, source by source, or blended.

How should I craft a thesis statement for a synthesis essay?

A synthesis essay thesis statement should be qualified to acknowledge alternative points of view and show an understanding of complexity.

What should be included in the introduction of a synthesis essay?

The introductory paragraph of a synthesis essay should state a strong position on the topic, briefly summarize the writer’s main points, and introduce the sources being analyzed.

What is the importance of analysis in a synthesis essay?

Synthesis essays require a careful analysis of multiple sources and the ability to synthesize their ideas into a coherent argument or narrative.

How should I conclude a synthesis essay?

The conclusion of a synthesis essay should summarize the main points discussed and emphasize the significance of the analysis.

What are the key elements of successful synthesis writing?

Crafting a strong thesis statement, organizing ideas effectively, and including sufficient evidence and analysis are key elements of successful synthesis writing.

How can writing a synthesis paper enhance understanding?

By understanding the process of synthesizing multiple sources, writers can create compelling and well-structured synthesis papers.

Why should I write a synthesis paper?

Writing a synthesis paper allows writers to engage with multiple perspectives and develop a deeper understanding of complex topics.

How can I master the art of writing a synthesis paper?

With the right strategies and examples, anyone can master the art of writing a synthesis paper and effectively convey their ideas to readers.

Source Links

• https://www.bgsu.edu/content/dam/BGSU/learning-commons/documents/writing/synthesis/planning-synthesis-essay.pdf
• https://writingcenterofprinceton.com/synthesis-essays-a-step-by-step-how-to-guide/
• https://www.lsu.edu/hss/english/files/university_writing_files/item35404.pdf

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Writing Guides  /  How to Write the Perfect Synthesis Essay

How to Write the Perfect Synthesis Essay

Introduction

A common advanced writing assignment is the synthesis essay.  Unfortunately, until getting assigned their first synthesis essay, many students are completely unaware of this type of essay, which means that, in addition to writing an essay, you may fear that you have to teach yourself a whole new type of writing.  While the synthesis essay may present a new type of writing challenge for you, the challenging is not as daunting as it first appears.  In fact, you may even have written a synthesis essay before, but simply called it a research paper.

What is a Synthesis Essay?

Simply put—it’s a research paper.

A synthesis essay is a work that has a central idea, theme, or topic and supports that idea with multiple sources.  While synthesis essay is the trendy name for this type of paper, students have been writing synthesis essays literally for centuries; they were simply called research papers.  In addition, you have been preparing to write a synthesis essay your entire life.  The  expository essay , which is the default K-12 academic writing format, starts with a central theme or idea.  You may even have been asked to provide some type of third-party support for that theme or idea.  A synthesis essay merely takes the process a step further, by requiring extensive support for your theme from a wide variety of sources.  So let’s get into it a bit more, shall we?

Less Simply Put—It’s Actually Very Different from a Research Paper

A synthesis essay and a research paper are both significant components of academic writing that serve to explore and analyze topics within different fields of study. However, they differ in purpose, structure, and methodology. Understanding these differences is important for students if they want to address appropriately their writing assignments.

Synthesis Essay vs. Research Paper

Synthesis Essay: The primary goal of a synthesis essay is to draw connections between different parts (sources, ideas, themes) to effectively support a thesis or argument. It involves combining information from multiple sources to present a cohesive understanding or a new perspective on a topic. Synthesis essays are often used to examine complexities within a subject, and to promote critical thinking and depth of understanding.

Research Paper: A research paper’s aim is to provide an in-depth analysis of a topic through the lens of original research. This may include presenting findings from experiments, surveys, or extensive study of primary and secondary sources. The focus is on contributing new knowledge or insights to the field of study, often involving detailed methodology, data analysis, and discussion of implications.

Synthesis Essay: The structure of a synthesis essay typically includes an introduction that presents the topic and thesis, followed by body paragraphs that integrate sources to support the thesis. Each paragraph may address different aspects of the topic (themes) or different viewpoints, with the writer synthesizing the information to argue for their thesis. A conclusion then summarizes the synthesis and reinforces the main argument.

Research Paper: Research papers follow a more rigid structure, often including an abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. This format is designed to present research findings systematically, providing clear evidence and reasoning for the conclusions drawn. The methodology section is crucial, detailing how the research was conducted to allow for reproducibility and scrutiny.

Methodology

Synthesis Essay: Synthesis essays require the writer to engage in critical thinking to integrate various sources and to organize it thematically. The sources must be carefully selected, analyzed, and related back to the thesis. The writer’s analysis and interpretation are central to creating a narrative that binds the sources together.

Research Paper: The methodology in a research paper is foundational to its credibility. It involves detailed planning and execution of research, including selecting appropriate methods for data collection and analysis. The process is documented meticulously to validate the findings and allow others in the field to examine the work critically or replicate the study.

Synthesis Essay: The synthesis essay encourages exploration and integration of ideas to present a comprehensive and coherent view on a topic. It’s subjective to some extent, allowing the writer’s voice and interpretation to guide the narrative.

Research Paper: In contrast, a research paper seeks to objectively report findings from systematic research. It emphasizes the discovery of new knowledge or understanding that can be shared with the academic community.

Okay, so with that said—just what is a synthesis essay?

A synthesis essay is an academic composition that articulates a central idea, theme, or topic and substantiates it with evidence gathered from multiple sources. This type of essay transcends mere summary by requiring the writer to draw connections and synthesize information across different texts, thereby creating a cohesive and persuasive argument.

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Distinctions Between Types of Synthesis Essays

It’s important to differentiate between the two main types of synthesis essays: explanatory and argumentative. Explanatory synthesis essays aim to elucidate a subject matter without taking a stance, focusing on presenting facts and background information to enhance understanding. Conversely, argumentative synthesis essays require the writer to advocate for a specific viewpoint, supported by carefully selected evidence from multiple sources.

Examples Across Disciplines

Synthesis essays can be written in virtually any field and across a wide array of subjects.

• For instance, in a literature class, a synthesis essay might explore themes of isolation across different novels.
• In a science course, it could compare various theories on climate change.
• In a history class, a synthesis essay could examine the different factors leading to a major historical event, such as the French Revolution, integrating perspectives from political, economic, and social angles to offer a multifaceted understanding.
• In psychology, a student might write a synthesis essay comparing various approaches to cognitive therapy and their effectiveness in treating depression, drawing from clinical studies, theoretical frameworks, and patient testimonials.
• In the field of art history, a synthesis essay could explore the evolution of painting styles from the Renaissance to modern art, analyzing how historical contexts influenced artistic expressions.
• Or, in environmental studies, a synthesis essay could assess the impact of urban development on natural habitats, synthesizing data from environmental science, urban planning, and ecology to highlight the complex interactions between human activities and environmental sustainability.

These examples highlight the essay’s adaptability to different fields of study and illustrate its utility in promoting critical thinking and analytical skills across disciplines.

Nuanced Techniques for Source Integration

Effective synthesis writing involves more than just summarizing source material; it requires analytical skills to integrate sources in a way that supports the essay’s thesis while supporting the writer’s unique perspective. Techniques such as identifying common themes, contrasting viewpoints, and evaluating the credibility of sources are essential. Additionally, weaving together information from various texts to build a coherent argument demonstrates advanced writing proficiency and critical thinking.

Concerns Students May Have

You may have some initial concerns about this “wide variety of sources,” because we have discovered that, for many students, finding reliable academically valid sources can be the most daunting part of any research project.  However, in many synthesis essays, your professor or instructor will provide you with at least a starter list of resources.  In fact, you may be asked to synthesis a semester’s worth of reading or somehow draw from your class curriculum in your synthesis essay.  Therefore, in many ways, your professor has provided you with the resources you need to write your essay.

How to Write a Synthesis Essay

Step 1:  read source material.

The first step to writing a synthesis essay is to read any and all of the sources that you are being asked to synthesize.  This step may seem obvious, but it is one that many students try to skip.  This is understandable because, in a regular argumentative essay, you can make your argument and then find sources to support your statements.  It might not be the best way to approach an argumentative essay, but the odds are high that any college-level student who has done a bunch of writing has approached at least one or two argumentative essays in this way.

Step 2: Cite Sources as You Go

Seriously, cite your sources.  Instead of making sweeping, overbroad statements about your sources, find textual support for your positions.  That support can be in the form of a quote, a statistic, an interesting fact, or even a pattern that you notice in one or more of the source texts.  However, you want to make sure to rely on specific evidence that you find in your sources and then cite those sources appropriately in order to provide the type of supporting arguments that you need for a good synthesis essay.

How to Find Sources for a Synthesis Essay

When choosing what sources to use and how to use them, you must keep in mind that, although similar to argumentative essays, synthesis essays cannot be supported in the same manner.

• First, you have to realize that your professor is going to be very familiar with any sources that he or she has provided for you to include in the essay.
• If you try to pick and choose supporting statements from those sources, you risk really missing the point of a source and revealing that you failed to do the required reading.
• In fact, you could argue for something that the sources simply do not support if you fail to read them.
• Therefore, you need to carefully read the sources before you begin the essay. Then, you need to make sure you understand the assignment.  What sources can you use?
• A synthesis essay assignment might reference specific sources or allude to your entire class reading list, but it is important for you to know whether you are expected to go beyond the material presented in class.
• This is a very critical part of the assignment.  In most research paper contexts, having an additional source is not generally going to be detrimental, especially if the text of your paper supports why you need that additional source.
• However, if your synthesis essay assignment specifically directs you to draw on the resources you have studied in your classroom, adding in additional resources could actually result in a failing grade because you are not completing the assignment you were given.
• Therefore, if you have any questions about what, exactly, your professor wants to see, ask before you start writing.

Step 3:  Thematically Organize Sources

Then, you want to consider the main idea or theme of your paper.  What did you take away from the course-material?  This can be a difficult issue to consider because you may have mixed feelings about course material that you covered.  In fact, your sources may even support multiple viewpoints.  That is not a problem; you can acknowledge these conflicts in the text of your paper, which adds to its complexity.  However, you want to be able to take a strong position on an issue and know that the text of your resources is sufficient to back up that position.

Step 4:  Outline

Once you have your main idea, you will want to outline your essay.  An outline is a great starting place for any writing assignment, because it helps you organize your ideas into subtopics and, for an argumentative or persuasive essay, helps you determine where you need to support your ideas.

Tip:  Don’t Summarize—Synthesize

One pitfall that traps many students is that, instead of using source material to back up their ideas, they summarize the sources, instead.  Remind yourself that your audience has read these resources; they do not need you to provide summaries of the sources.  Instead, what they need you to do is explain how you believe those resources highlight your point of view or perspective.

Synthesis Essay Format

A synthesis essay does not have a specific format, but you may find yourself relying on that old standby, the five-paragraph essay.  That is because the five-paragraph essay format is ideal for argumentative or persuasive essays.  The five-paragraph essay format actually works for shorter or longer essays, but the classic five paragraph structure is designed to have three main ideas supporting your  thesis statement  or central idea.

The format for a five-paragraph essay is simple.

• First is an introductory paragraph that: 1) introduces your topic; 2) introduces the reasoning you will use in your body paragraphs; and 3) provides your thesis statement.
• Next are three body paragraphs, each supporting a reasoning statement you used in your introduction.
• Finally, the five paragraph essay concludes with a conclusion that restates the information in your introductory paragraph.
• The more body paragraphs you add, the greater the support for your idea, and the longer the essay.  Therefore, you can easily expand the five paragraph essay format to several more paragraphs.

Structurally, the synthesis essay is generally going to take the shape of an argumentative or persuasive essay, because you will be arguing a central theme throughout your essay.  That means that the body paragraphs will be used to support your central idea.  However, there are some ways that a synthesis essay deviates from the argumentative essay format.  First, you have to look at your thesis or central idea.  In a normal argumentative essay, your thesis statement can be relatively broad.  However, if you are drawing from limited course material, you want to make that clear in your thesis statement.

For example, let us say that you are taking an introductory Shakespeare survey course and your reading list for that course includes  Romeo and Juliet ,  Hamlet ,  MacBeth , and  Othello .  Using those sources, your professor asks you to write a synthesis essay on Shakespeare’s views of romantic love.  An appropriate central idea would be: Based on a reading of the tragedies  Romeo and Juliet ,  Hamlet ,  MacBeth , and  Othello , William Shakespeare appears to have had a very fatalistic view of romantic love, because love was the root cause of many of his characters’ most self-destructive behaviors.  However, in an argumentative paper, you might not want to make your central idea: William Shakespeare appears to have had a very fatalistic view of romantic love, because love was the root cause of many of his characters’ most self-destructive behaviors.   That is because, in addition to the aforementioned tragedies, Shakespeare wrote a number of romantic comedies and is very well known for his sonnets that celebrate love.  Therefore, when you are crafting your thesis statement or central idea, you may want to reference the material in your assignment.

If you are writing from challenging and complex material that can support multiple viewpoints, then you want to be absolutely certain to acknowledge those multiple viewpoints.  In this King of the Hill reference, Bobby has had to take a position on death.  While the cartoon is an exaggeration, it does demonstrate exactly how easy it is to oversimplify a complex issue.  Therefore, we suggest a 2:1 ratio approach to writing about complex topics.  For every two reasons you give that directly support your position, you need to deal with a reason that, at least on its surface, appears not to support your position.

One of the most common argumentative essay topics that students choose is the death penalty, and it is also a topic that readily melds itself to course material in a wide range of subjects.  If your argument is against the death penalty, then you could address cost as one of your reasons, but do so acknowledging that execution is, facially, a less expensive alternative than life imprisonment:

For many people, the costs of incarcerating a violent murderer seem like a great reason to support the death penalty.  However, in reality, it is actually far more expensive to execute a defendant than it is to pay for life imprisonment.  Almost all death-penalty states have a mandatory appeals process that makes capital punishment prohibitively expensive.  In addition, death row inmates receive different treatment, which may make incarceration costs more expensive.

As the above paragraph demonstrates, simply because you acknowledge another perspective does not mean that you have to endorse that perspective.  In fact, you should not endorse it.  Instead, you should mention the perspective and then take it apart and show how it does not actually argue against your position.

Synthesis Essay Outline

The basic structure for a synthesis essay outline is simple and is included below:

I.  Introduction

A.  Support A

B.  Support B

C.  Support C

D.  Support D

E.  Thesis statement

II.  Support A

A.  Evidence

B.  Evidence

C.  Evidence

III.  Support B

III.  Support C

IV.  Support D

V.  Conclusion

A.  Restate thesis statement

B.  Restate support A

C.  Restate support B

D.  Restate support C

E.  Restate support D

However, we find that many students have difficulties translating a generic outline format to an outline for their paper.  Therefore, we will provide an outline for a synthesis essay based on the Shakespeare synthesis essay we described above.

A.  Romeo and Juliet both die

B.  Ophelia commits suicide

C.  MacBeth does terrible things because his wife urges him to do them

D.  Othello kills Desdemona

E.  Based on a reading of the tragedies Romeo and Juliet ,  Hamlet ,  MacBeth , and  Othello , William Shakespeare appears to have had a very fatalistic view of romantic love, because love was the root cause of many of his characters’ most self-destructive behaviors.

II.  Romeo and Juliet both die

A.  Young age

B.  A friar helps them because he believes in love

C.  Their suicide is preceded by a murder

Ophelia commits suicide

III.  Ophelia and Hamlet appear to have had a romantic relationship

A.  Some evidence that Ophelia may have been pregnant because of the reference to abortifactants

B.  Hamlet’s inability to return her affection seems to spur her suicide

IV.  MacBeth does horrible things for Lady MacBeth

B.  MacDuff’s family

V.  Othello kills Desdemona

A.  Othello is unreasonably jealous

B.  Domestic violence makes it clear that Desdemona is in danger, but she stays

C.  Iago appears partially motivated by his belief that he has been cuckolded.

VI.  Conclusion

A.  The tragic ending of many characters in Shakespeare’s tragedies, Romeo and Juliet ,  Hamlet ,  MacBeth , and  Othello , suggest that the Bard had a very negative view of romantic love.

B.  Romeo and Juliet die

C.  Ophelia dies

D.  MacBeth dies after killing a bunch of people

E.  Desdemona dies

Synthesis Essay Topics

It is difficult to provide a list of synthesis essay topics without knowing what source material you are using for your essay.  However, because a synthesis essay is an argumentative or persuasive essay, you can feel confident that almost any topic that is well-suited for an argumentative or persuasive essay will work equally well for a synthesis essay, as long as your source material deals with those topics.

Popular Topics

•  Batman is not really a superhero, but simply a rich man with expensive toys. This paper would be perfect for a course that studied comic books and the epic hero and would explore why Batman fails to fall into the traditional literary mode of hero or superhero.  Supporting arguments would include (1) Batman’s motivation; (2) Batman’s status as a criminal; and (3) Batman’s lack of superpowers.
•  Money can buy happiness. This would be a great topic in a philosophy or a sociology class that discussed the role of wealth in society.  It makes a great topic because it challenges a maxim that people are told their entire lives.  Three supporting arguments could be that money is linked to: (1) better health; (2) better education; and (3) less financial stress.
•  Same-sex marriage should be legal. A civil rights course may provide readings that show the evolution of civil rights for African Americans and the pivotal role that  Loving v. Virginia played in the evolution of those rights.
•  Gun control. This is a hot-button political topic, which can make it tempting to turn a persuasive essay into an argumentative essay.  However, given how prevalent violence is in literature and in the study of almost all of the humanities, it is a topic that you may encounter in a number of different contexts.  If your instructor asks you to write about gun control based on class readings, you can be fairly certain the material will support either perspective, so be certain to acknowledge counter-arguments to your position.
•  Drug legalization.   Your essay could focus on marijuana, which is becoming legal for medical and recreational use in a number of jurisdictions, or it could discuss all drugs.  You could take a pro-legalization position or argue against legalization.  However, because many students have intense personal feelings about this topic, it is important to make sure that you are substantiating your position with evidence pulled from the reading.
•  Abstinence only sex-education.   While abstinence-based sex education is correlated with increased teen pregnancy and STD rates, it is also correlated with a delay in first sexual activity.  A nuanced essay would draw on both sides of the argument to support the position.

Sports Synthesis Essay Topics

• The Impact of Professional Sports on Local Economies : Analyze how major sports teams and events affect the economic development of their host cities.
• The Role of Sports in Promoting Racial and Gender Equality : Examine how sports have contributed to social change and the ongoing challenges in achieving equality.
• The Ethics of Performance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports : Discuss the moral and ethical implications of athletes using performance-enhancing drugs.
• The Influence of Youth Sports on Child Development : Explore the benefits and potential drawbacks of participation in youth sports.
• The Impact of Media Coverage on Sports : Investigate how media coverage shapes public perception and the commercialization of sports.
• The Role of Sports in Education : Analyze the benefits and challenges of integrating sports programs into educational systems.
• The Effects of Concussions and Brain Injuries in Contact Sports : Discuss the long-term health implications of concussions and brain injuries for athletes.
• The Commercialization of College Sports : Examine the impact of commercial interests on college sports and student-athletes.
• The Rise of eSports and Its Legitimacy as a Sport : Explore the growth of eSports and the debate over its recognition as a legitimate sport.
• The Impact of Globalization on Sports : Discuss how globalization has influenced the popularity, reach, and organization of sports worldwide.
• The Role of Sports in National Identity and Patriotism : Analyze how sports events, such as the Olympics or World Cup, foster national pride and identity.
• The Relationship Between Sports and Mental Health : Investigate the effects of sports participation on mental health, both positive and negative.
• The Challenges of Gender Verification in Sports : Examine the ethical and scientific issues surrounding gender verification in competitive sports.
• The Influence of Sports on Body Image and Self-Esteem : Discuss how sports participation affects body image and self-esteem, particularly among adolescents.
• The Future of Sports with Advancements in Technology : Explore how technological innovations are changing the way sports are played, viewed, and analyzed.
• The Impact of Mega-Sporting Events on the Environment : Investigate the environmental consequences of hosting large-scale sporting events and potential sustainability measures.
• The Ethics of Athlete Endorsements and Sponsorships : Discuss the ethical considerations of athletes endorsing products and the impact on consumer behavior.
• The Role of Sports in Rehabilitation and Social Integration : Analyze how sports programs are used for rehabilitation and integration of individuals with disabilities or those in recovery.
• The Influence of Coaching Styles on Athlete Performance and Development : Examine different coaching philosophies and their effects on athlete development and performance.
• The Effectiveness of Anti-Doping Regulations in Sports : Discuss the current state of anti-doping efforts and their effectiveness in maintaining fair competition.

Education Synthesis Essay Topics

• Standardized Testing and Student Performance : Analyze the impact of standardized testing on student learning and academic achievement.
• The Role of Technology in Modern Classrooms : Discuss the benefits and challenges of integrating technology in education.
• The Importance of Arts Education : Evaluate the significance of arts education in developing well-rounded students.
• Bilingual Education in Public Schools : Explore the benefits and challenges of implementing bilingual education programs.
• The Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Education : Examine how socioeconomic factors influence educational opportunities and outcomes.
• The Effectiveness of Online Learning : Assess the advantages and disadvantages of online learning compared to traditional classroom settings.
• The Role of Homework in Student Learning : Debate the effectiveness of homework in reinforcing classroom learning and fostering academic success.
• School Uniforms and Student Behavior : Investigate the impact of school uniforms on student behavior, discipline, and academic performance.
• The Importance of Physical Education in Schools : Discuss the role of physical education in promoting health and wellness among students.
• Inclusive Education for Students with Disabilities : Explore the benefits and challenges of inclusive education for students with disabilities.
• The Influence of Teacher Quality on Student Achievement : Examine the relationship between teacher quality and student academic performance.
• The Role of Parental Involvement in Education : Analyze the impact of parental involvement on student success and engagement.
• The Benefits of Early Childhood Education : Discuss the long-term benefits of early childhood education programs for child development and academic success.
• The Impact of Class Size on Student Learning : Investigate how class size affects student learning, engagement, and teacher effectiveness.
• The Use of School Vouchers in Public Education : Evaluate the effectiveness of school vouchers in providing quality education and increasing school choice.
• Addressing Bullying in Schools : Explore strategies for preventing and addressing bullying in educational settings.
• The Role of Extracurricular Activities in Student Development : Discuss the importance of extracurricular activities in promoting student development and academic achievement.
• The Challenges of Implementing Common Core Standards : Analyze the challenges and benefits of implementing Common Core Standards in K-12 education.
• The Impact of School Funding on Educational Quality : Examine how variations in school funding affect the quality of education and student outcomes.
• The Future of Higher Education : Discuss the evolving landscape of higher education and the challenges and opportunities facing colleges and universities.

AP Language and Composition Synthesis Essay Topics

• The Impact of Social Media on Society : Analyze how social media influences communication, relationships, and public opinion.
• The Role of Technology in Education : Examine how technology has changed the landscape of education and its effects on students and teachers.
• Climate Change and Its Global Impact : Discuss the causes, effects, and potential solutions to climate change.
• The Future of Work in the Age of Automation : Explore the implications of automation and AI on employment and the economy.
• Healthcare Reform in the United States : Evaluate the challenges and potential solutions for improving healthcare in the U.S.
• The Influence of Advertising on Consumer Behavior : Investigate how advertising affects the decisions and behaviors of consumers.
• The Ethical Implications of Genetic Engineering : Consider the moral and ethical issues surrounding genetic engineering and CRISPR technology.
• Gun Control and Public Safety : Debate the effectiveness of gun control laws in reducing crime and ensuring public safety.
• The Effects of Globalization on Local Cultures : Analyze how globalization has impacted cultural identities and traditions around the world.
• The Importance of Free Speech in a Democratic Society : Discuss the role of free speech in maintaining a democratic society and its potential limits.
• The Pros and Cons of Universal Basic Income : Explore the potential benefits and drawbacks of implementing a universal basic income.
• The Role of the Media in Shaping Public Perception : Examine how media outlets influence public opinion and the dissemination of information.
• Education Inequality and Its Long-term Effects : Investigate the causes and consequences of educational disparities in different communities.
• The Future of Renewable Energy : Discuss the potential of renewable energy sources to meet global energy demands and combat climate change.
• The Impact of Immigration on National Economies : Analyze how immigration affects the economy, labor market, and social dynamics of host countries.
• The Ethics of Animal Testing in Scientific Research : Consider the moral and ethical issues associated with using animals for scientific experiments.
• The Role of Government in Regulating the Internet : Debate the extent to which governments should regulate online content and activity.
• The Influence of Celebrity Culture on Society : Explore how celebrity culture affects societal values, behaviors, and self-image.
• The Challenges of Cybersecurity in the Digital Age : Discuss the importance of cybersecurity and the challenges in protecting data and privacy.
• The Effectiveness of the Electoral College in Modern Elections : Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the Electoral College system in contemporary politics.

Synthesis Essay Examples

Sometimes, the best way to learn how to do something is to see it done properly.  That is why we are providing links to synthesis essay examples, which are based on the types of synthesis essays one is likely to encounter in a traditional undergraduate course of study.  However, it is critical for you to keep in mind that the synthesis essay is often written in the exact same style and format as an argumentative or persuasive essay.  In fact, we may have an argumentative or persuasive essay example available for a specific topic.  Therefore, if you read the synthesis essay examples, but find it difficult to translate them into helpful tips for your specific topic, please check our library of argumentative and persuasive essay samples.

Sample Synthesis Essay #1

Sample Synthesis Essay #2

Now that you know what a synthesis essay is and how to tackle it, we hope you are ready to write an amazing essay.  However, being a group of writers, we know that sometimes you can be motivated to write and even have ideas you want to write about, and still find yourself struggling with writer’s block.  Just remember:  Writer’s block, while unnerving, is manageable when you have plenty of time until your deadline, but the closer your deadline gets, the more frustrating it can be.

• If you are struggling to write your synthesis essay, please check out all of our synthesis essay examples in our professionally written essay database
• With these samples, you can write narrative essays that match your exact specifications and incorporate the texts that your professor has specified for your synthesis essay.
• The result is a blueprint you can use to help you surmount your writer’s block!
• From generating essay topic ideas to answering any homework help you have, we can provide all of the help you need to write an A+ essay for your assignment.

Take the first step to becoming a better academic writer.

Lindsey Streit is an educator and experienced writer with 20+ years in the education field.  She has written extensively on various disciplines, including economics, business, education, health, literature, history, entertainment, finance, law, psychology, and sociology.  She holds a Master’s in Education and has dedicated his career to spreading knowledge, working with teachers, administrators, students, and policy makers to help make a difference.

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How to Write a Synthesis Essay: Tips and Techniques

How to Write a Synthesis Essay

Synthesis essays are not as popular as argumentative or analytical essays. Still, you can be assigned to write this type of essay when you study at high school, college, or university. Writing a synthesis essay is also a part of an exam that you have to pass in order to complete the AP English Language and Composition course. As this essay type is uncommon, we will provide you with a detailed and simple guide on how to write a synthesis essay.

What is a synthesis essay?

A synthesis essay is a type of writing that offers a unique viewpoint on a chosen topic backed up with information from multiple sources. It is similar to research papers but has a few limitations.

Firstly, when you write an AP synthesis essay, you don’t have to look for the necessary sources by yourself, as they’re provided in the text of your assignment. The only thing you need to do is pick three or four sources in order to argue the topic. Secondly, you’ll have certain time limitations during the exam. You will have to complete three writing tasks (argument, analysis, and synthesis) in two hours. Finally, topics for synthesis essays are usually broader than ones for research papers.

The AP English Language and Composition exam is not aimed at evaluating students’ knowledge of a specific discipline. Its main purpose is to examine your writing and rhetorical skills, so all topics are debatable and understandable, as they don’t require reading specialized literature.

In general, a synthesis essay has to demonstrate your language competence, not your analytical thinking skills. Still, you should follow a particular logic to make your text readable and to get a higher score.

Main types of synthesis essays

Synthesis essay writing steps

When you compose a synthesis essay, especially for the AP exam, you don’t have much time. Therefore, you need perfect planning. Below, we offer you writing steps divided into three stages for your comfort.

Preparatory work

1. Read instructions thoroughly

Understanding the prompt is crucial for providing a brilliant synthesis essay. Make sure that you take into account all the aspects of the topic.

2. Think about the topic

Sure, you won’t have much time for a full-scale brainstorming session during the exam. Still, you have to look at the suggested theme from different perspectives in order to formulate your unique and interesting viewpoint.

3. Compose a preliminary thesis statement

Write down the first clear idea that will come to your mind after you read the prompt. It doesn’t need to be perfect, as you’ll have a chance to make changes later. The main purpose of this step is to create a base for the further writing process. A good thesis statement is a sentence that answers three questions about your essay at the same time: what, how, and why.

4. Choose sources

When taking an exam, this step is easier than when doing an academic assignment, as all the sources are specified. You have to pick three or four sources of various formats that will enforce your point of view. If you are preparing a synthesis essay for a university, you can use more than four sources, but make sure that you analyze and present properly the ideas of each author.

4. Read the chosen sources thoroughly

Remember that you don’t have much time when you take the exam, so don’t waste it for reading all the provided sources. Only after picking several texts will you begin a detailed reading. You can make short annotations and take notes in order to summarize the main ideas of the chosen sources.

5. Find connections between the sources and your claim

This is the main aspect of any synthesis essay. If you don’t succeed in finding out and explaining to your readers how the chosen sources are related to your thesis, you won’t get a high score for your essay. The sources that you choose shouldn’t necessarily prove your point of view. They can even be contradictory, but links between them have to be clear.

Drafting your essay

To simplify the writing process, we suggest you to use a standard five-paragraph structure: one paragraph for your introduction, three paragraphs for the main body, and one more for your conclusion.

Let’s take a closer look at each part of a synthesis essay.

1. Introduction

An introduction is an extremely important part of your essay, as it has three crucial functions. First of all, you introduce your topic and provide some background information that is necessary for understanding the theme. The next task is to present your sources, as they provide the base for your synthesis essay. Finally, you include your thesis statement in your introduction. Don’t forget that your claim should be relevant to your body paragraphs. As a rule, an introductory section is about 10% of the whole text and consists only of one paragraph.

2. The main body

This part covers about 80% of your synthesis essay. Each paragraph should include a focal point and several quotes that serve as arguments. You should follow the rule of one paragraph, one idea. However, don’t omit the logical connections between parts of the main body and different sources. Your main purpose is to show how you can synthesize multiple sources in order to prove your personal point of view.

3. Conclusion

When you write the concluding part of your essay, the main thing is to show confidence. A confident tone will persuade your readers that your viewpoint is correct and your argumentation is immaculate. Restate your thesis statement and summarize connections between your initial claim and cited sources. Be concise and avoid long phrases: your conclusion should be only 10% of the whole text.

Final touches

1. Reread your essay

It is hard to do everything perfectly on the first try. In order to notice all the mistakes and inaccuracies, reread your writing thoroughly.

2. Write a final thesis statement

Make sure that your thesis statement is relevant to the main body. If not, rewrite it to create a smooth connection between your claim and argumentation.

3. Edit your text

If you’re sure that everything is fine with the content of your synthesis essay, it’s time to get rid of grammatical mistakes, poor wording, spelling mistakes, and incorrect punctuation. Remember that even the most eloquent text will look like the work of an amateur if there are dozens of mistakes.

AP lang synthesis essay

On the AP Language and Composition exam, you will need to write a synthesis essay as part of the free-response section. For this essay, you will be provided with prompts and several sources to support your argument. To prepare for this essay, it is important to read through each source carefully, take notes, and create an outline before starting to write. Remember to include at least three sources in your essay and to cite them properly. Here are some important facts to keep in mind about the AP Lang Synthesis Essay:

• Purpose . The synthesis essay is a type of exam paper that students write to show their analytical skills and ability to work with sources and write essays based on them.
• Time limit . The work time is 55 minutes.
• Organization . Composition of the synthesis essay is the following:
• Introduction with a thesis statement.
• Argument from the source No. 1.
• Argument from the source No. 2.
• Argument from the source No. 3.
• Conclusion.
• Compliance with the topic . You should stay on topic and support the chosen quote or question.
• Argumentation using several sources . The point of a synthesis essay is to confirm your statements, using as examples the sources you have given.
• Composition and logic of reasoning . The criterion implies adherence to semantic division into paragraphs, logical sequence of presentation of thoughts, as well as constructive proof of one’s opinion.
• Quality of writing style . In the synthesis essay, use diverse speech structures, but ones that are correct  grammatically, syntactically and lexically.

Synthesis essay topics

How to choose an exciting topic for a synthesis essay.

A synthesis essay is an opportunity to share your opinion on two or more texts. You will need to analyze a particular issue and support your point of view with evidence. This type of essay is common in high school and college English courses.

When choosing a topic for your synthesis essay, you need to find a way to connect the sources. Connecting different sources to support your point to make a perfect essay can be done by finding a common theme or providing a critical analysis of each source. If you are still looking for a connection, try looking for a common thread that ties the sources together.

Once you have found a connection, you must decide what direction you want your essay to take.

• Do you agree with the sources?
• Do you disagree?
• Do you see a different perspective?

Your position will be the basis for your synthesis essay.

20 creative topics for a synthesis essay

• The American Dream: Is it still achievable?
• Technology has made our world a better place
• Social media is a positive or negative force in our world
• The media is responsible for the way we see the world
• The definition of success: What does it mean to be successful?
• The role of the government: Should it be more involved
• The importance of a college education
• The challenges of being a first-generation college student
• The pros and cons of genetic engineering
• The implications of climate change
• Agree or disagree: The only way to be a successful student is to get good grades
• Reality television is harmful to our society
• The importance of failure
• The impact of social media on relationships
• Fake News: Is the spread of fake news a problem?
• Technology: What will be the next significant innovation?
• Social Media: Is social media a form of addiction?
• The pros and cons of technology in the classroom
• Family: How has the traditional family structure changed?
• Religion: How has faith changed over time?

Why do you need to explore expert samples

As you know, a synthesis essay is about drawing information from various sources and piecing it together to create a cohesive whole. The process can be tricky and one that can be made much easier with the help of expert samples.

1. It can be difficult to identify all the necessary elements independently

When looking at a blank page, it can be challenging to know where to start. It, therefore, becomes more challenging when tasked with writing a synthesis essay since you need to include so many elements that can be difficult to identify without the help of an expert. Thus, this is where expert samples come in handy. By reading through a few examples, you can better understand what’s required and what’s optional.

2. You’ll be able to see how different writers approach the same topic

One of the great things about exploring expert samples is that you’ll be able to see how other writers approach the same issue. Subsequently, this can give you valuable insights into how you might want to approach your essay.

3. You can learn from the mistakes of others

While reading through expert samples, you’ll inevitably come across some that are better than others. Consequently, this is an excellent opportunity to learn from the mistakes of others and make sure that you don’t make the same mistakes in your essay.

4. You’ll get a better sense of what the professor expects

If you need clarification on what your teacher or professor is looking for, expert samples can be a great way to give a better experience of what the professor expects. Reading through a few expert examples gives you a clearer idea of the professors’ expectations, and you can formulate your thoughts.

5. You can find inspiration for your essay

Finally, one of the best reasons to explore expert samples is that they can provide much-needed inspiration. If you’re stuck, a few well-written examples can jumpstart your creative process and help you develop great ideas for your essay.

5 helpful tips to write a synthesis essay

1. Acceptable number of sources

If you need to take the AP exam, you have to use at least three sources (you can use a maximum of four sources). If you must write a synthesis essay as an academic assignment, you may use more sources. However, we don’t recommend you to exceed the limit of six sources, as it can be very hard to present a greater number of works in a proper way. You can cite the same source several times, and it will still be considered as one source.

2. Proper citation

When you include a quote in your essay, introduce, punctuate, and cite it properly. Mention the author’s name and use quotation marks if necessary. In parentheses, write the title of your source.

3. Counter-argument

Addressing a counter-argument is a helpful argumentation strategy. In such a way, you demonstrate that your point of view on this particular topic is not unique. However, you can show that the counter-argument is weak, and this will convince your readers that your claim is more valid.

4. Language skills

This tip is mostly accurate for the AP exam. The free-response writing section, which includes a synthesis essay, is aimed at evaluating your language performance. Don’t hesitate to use fancy wording, terms, complex grammar structures, linking words, and figures of speech that will demonstrate your language skills.

5. Importance of the form

The main purpose of the synthesis essay is to show how you can use multiple sources and create connections between them and demonstrate your writing skills. Your top priority is not offering a unique point of view that will amaze your readers. Of course, a bit of novelty won’t hurt. Still, your primary task is to be eloquent and logical, not creative.

We hope that you’ve learned more about a synthesis essay thanks to our guide. Practice your writing regularly in order to achieve great results and get higher scores!

If you need help with writing, or other types of assignments, you can count on us. For example, reqest do my math homework help, or write my essay for me, and get qualified assistance.

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Well-Written Synthesis Essay Examples

• DESCRIPTION Research Synthesis Essay Outline
• SOURCE shironosov / iStock / Getty Images Plus

Essay writing is a craft many students have yet to master. Doing great research and having the right tools in place, such as synthesis essay examples and outlines, can make your writing process a breeze. Learn what it takes to write a synthesis essay through several example topics.

How to Write a Synthesis Essay

When it comes to a synthesis essay, it is all about the research. You must take a stand, but that position needs to be backed up by credible sources. Before you even start writing your essay , choose a topic . It needs to be something you can research and for which you can find informative and non-biased sources such as peer-reviewed journals.

Once you have your topic at hand, follow these steps:

• Create your thesis statement .
• Gather your research.
• Write an outline of your major points.
• Draft your essay .

Formatting a Synthesis Essay

Students typically write synthesis essays for high school AP language courses or college classes. Therefore, your professor will provide you with a writing guideline to follow like MLA or APA . These writing structures designate how you will cite your sources and format your bibliography .

Synthesis Essay Examples

With a basic understanding of a synthesis essay under your belt, dive right into the different examples. Use the synthesis essay examples to learn how to write a solid introduction and perfect conclusion to crush your AP lit class.

Synthesis Essay Introduction Example

This synthesis essay example discusses the topic of ‘is homeschooling a good idea?’ Learn how to craft a strong introduction in your essay.

In the movies, the doe-eyed homeschooler getting thrust into public education becomes either a comedy or horror fest. But does art truly mimic life when it comes to homeschooling? This might have been true of the religious-based homeschooling curriculum of the past, but in modern homeschooling education, students have access to online and personalized learning, socialization activities, and lasting friendships.

See this whole sample essay by clicking the Adobe PDF below.

Synthesis essay introduction example

Synthesis essay thesis example.

Looking for how to craft a perfect thesis for your synthesis essay? Make sure it is to-the- point and lists your points to be covered like in this example about sexism associated with school dress codes.

Dress codes are everywhere. According to the National Center for Education statistics, more than 53% of schools have dress code guidelines. However, these standards to conform students and promote learning become sexist by targeting females, sexualizing clothing, and leading to a disproportionate loss of learning time.

Dive more into this synthesis essay below.

Synthesis essay thesis example

Ap high school synthesis essay example.

Put all your knowledge together to create a well-written essay, such as this one covering ‘does Facebook make people less social?’ See how all the parts come together to create a cohesive and expertly-researched argument.

Social media apps are a dime a dozen. Feeling lonely, all you must do is hop on Facebook to connect with your thousands of friends. However, are you truly connecting? Social media giants like Facebook are supposed to make us feel more connected; however, they can lead to loneliness, less face-to-face connections, and lower self-esteem. With thousands of friends, how could a person possibly feel lonely? Having thousands of friends means nothing if they aren’t true friends. According to research from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, many people called friends on Facebook aren’t. There are few true friends you can rely on in social media. Additionally, these so-called friends are only showing you their best through their posts and tags, according to Sherry Turkle. This can make you feel more isolated and lonelier.

Want to see more? Click on the link.

Ap high school synthesis essay example

Creating a great synthesis essay.

Writing great essays is an art form. To get everything perfect, all your parts need to come together seamlessly, which makes research and preparation key. Learn more about creating essays by studying how to write a cause and effect essay through fun and interesting examples .

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How to Write a Synthesis Essay: Your Guide From Start to Finish

Today, we're swamped with information, like reading 174 newspapers every day. It comes from all over—news, social media, science, and more. This flood might make you feel overwhelmed and lost in a sea of facts and opinions. But being able to make sense of it all is crucial.

In this guide, we'll show you steps for choosing the right topic and organizing your essay. Let's dive in and learn how to turn scattered facts into powerful essays that really stand out. If you're looking for assistance in writing a paper, you can consider the option to order essay from our expert writing service.

What Is a Synthesis Essay

Synthesis essay is an academic assignment where you take information from several sources and combine it to create a new, unified argument. Throughout the essay, you'll weave in evidence and insights from your sources to support your thesis, explaining how each source contributes to your overall argument.

Synthesis essays are commonly assigned in high school and undergraduate courses across various disciplines. They are a great way to develop critical thinking, research, and writing skills. They are particularly useful when a topic has multiple angles or ongoing debates, as they train you to analyze information objectively and form your own well-supported conclusions.

If you're struggling with this task, just ask us to ' write paper for me ,' and we'll handle your assignment for you.

How to Write a Synthesis Essay with Easy Steps

Writing a synthesis essay requires a methodical approach to blend information from different sources into a strong and persuasive argument. Here are steps to help you along the way.

1. Choose Your Topic:

• Make sure it's broad enough to allow for multiple perspectives but specific enough for focused research.
• Look for topics with ongoing debates or with room for your own interpretation.

2. Research and Gather Sources:

• Use credible sources like academic journals, books, and reputable news websites. Aim for a variety of perspectives to ensure a well-rounded analysis.
• Take notes while researching! Focus on key points, evidence, and the author's main arguments.

3. Develop Your Thesis Statement:

• This is the central argument of your essay, informed by your research.
• It should clearly state how the different sources will be used to create a unified perspective.

4. Structure Your Essay:

• Introduction: Briefly introduce the topic, highlight the various perspectives, and present your thesis statement.
• Topic Sentence: Briefly introduce the point you'll be making in this paragraph.
• Analysis & Evidence: Integrate information from your sources, explaining how they support your point. Use in-text citations and proper formatting.
• Commentary: Explain the significance of the source material and how it contributes to your overall argument.
• Conclusion: Summarize your main points and reiterate the importance of your thesis statement. You can also offer further implications or remaining questions on the topic.

5. Write and Revise:

• Draft your essay, ensuring smooth transitions between your ideas and source integration.
• Revise for clarity, proper citation format, and strong argument flow.

For a more detailed explanation on how to write a conclusion , check out our special guide.

Synthesis Essay Example

Here are a couple of synthesis essay examples that demonstrate how to apply the synthesis process in real life. See how they tackle a wide range of issues by drawing on diverse perspectives.

Ready to Transform Your Synthesis Essay from Bland to Grand?

Let's tap into the magic of our expert wordsmiths, who will create an essay that dances with ideas and dazzles with creativity!

Synthesis Essay Thesis Statement

A strong thesis statement for a synthesis essay is more nuanced than a simple opinion. It acknowledges the complexities of the topic and positions your essay as a bridge between existing perspectives. Here's how to craft an effective thesis:

• Avoid extremes: Statements like "Social media is destroying society" are too broad and lack specific arguments. Saying "Taxes are bad" ignores potential benefits or complexities.
• Acknowledge Nuance: Show you understand different viewpoints by using qualifiers like "often," "in some cases," or "to a certain extent."
• Bridge the Gap: Your thesis should connect various source viewpoints to create a new perspective.

Example transformation:

Original (weak): Video games are a waste of time.

Improved: While video games can be a source of leisure, their excessive use can negatively impact academic performance and social interaction. (This acknowledges the entertainment value while highlighting potential drawbacks.)

• Your thesis should be specific to your topic and the sources you'll use.
• It should be clear, concise, and directly address the prompt.
• It sets the stage for your argument by outlining the connections between your chosen sources.

Synthesis Essay Checklist

Writing a strong synthesis essay requires careful attention to detail. Use this checklist to ensure you've covered all the bases:

Synthesis Essay Format

A well-structured synthesis essay guides the reader through your analysis of multiple sources and effectively builds your argument. Here's a breakdown of the typical format:

• Double-space your essay unless otherwise instructed.
• Use a standard font (e.g., Times New Roman, Arial) and font size (e.g., 12 pt).
• Maintain consistent margins (e.g., 1 inch).
• Include page numbers in the top right corner (optional, but often recommended).
• Introduction (10-15% of word count):
• Body Paragraphs (60-70% of word count)
• Conclusion (10-15% of word count):
• The specific word count breakdown might vary based on your assignment instructions.
• Always follow the formatting guidelines provided by your instructor.

For a deeper understanding of a compare and contrast essay , including format and writing process, consult our dedicated article.

Explanatory vs. Argumentative Synthesis Essays

In synthesis writing, there are two main types: explanatory and argumentative. While both involve analyzing multiple sources, their ultimate goals differ. Here's a breakdown of the key distinctions between explanatory and argumentative synthesis essays:

And if you're keen on knowing how to write an informative essay , we've got you covered on that, too!

Synthesis Essay Topics

Picking essay topics is just the beginning. To write a great synthesis essay, you need to carefully evaluate and connect different sources to build a strong argument or viewpoint. Here's a step-by-step infographic guide to help you choose the right synthesis essay topics wisely.

There are myriads of essay topics , so how do you choose the right one? Don’t waste your time, here we offer some great ideas:

• What role does effective communication play in resolving international conflicts?
• Are video games a legitimate form of art?
• Does standardized testing hinder critical thinking skills?
• Is cultural appropriation a valid concern or does it stifle artistic exchange?
• Should economic growth outweigh environmental sustainability and social welfare?
• Is the traditional family structure the best model for child-raising?
• Should social media platforms curb misinformation?
• Is artificial intelligence a boon for scientific discovery, or does it pose ethical challenges?
• Is globalization more about economic prosperity or cultural homogenization?
• Should controversial historical monuments be preserved?
• Can renewable energy alone combat climate change, or are more drastic measures necessary?
• Should artistic expression face censorship or enjoy complete freedom?
• How can national security and individual privacy be balanced in the digital age?
• Does the cost of higher education hinder social mobility?
• Does automation threaten jobs or create new opportunities?

If you’re interested in persuasive essays topics , this guide's got your back.

Concluding Thoughts

Writing a synthesis essay is a great way to learn about a topic. It lets you explore different viewpoints and see how they fit together. This guide gives you the steps to follow for a strong essay. Remember, the goal is to use what you learn from your sources to create your own unique understanding. So next time you have a complex topic, give a synthesis essay a try! You might be surprised by what you learn.

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How Should You Conclude a Synthesis Essay?

Daniel Parker

is a seasoned educational writer focusing on scholarship guidance, research papers, and various forms of academic essays including reflective and narrative essays. His expertise also extends to detailed case studies. A scholar with a background in English Literature and Education, Daniel’s work on EssayPro blog aims to support students in achieving academic excellence and securing scholarships. His hobbies include reading classic literature and participating in academic forums.

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

Full Guide to Synthesis Essays: How to Write a Synthesis Essay

Nick Miller

Today, people are dealing with numerous amounts of data. This means that an average person has to develop an important skill — analyzing information found online to determine its quality. Such a skill is developed naturally as a person grows. However, its importance becomes more apparent with technological progress, which comes with its own issues.

As a result, the ability to analyze and synthesize information became a crucial part of the academic curriculum. This is why students often write synthesis essays. These are some of the most common assignments that a student has to deal with, but that does not mean that everyone knows how to write them. In this blog post, I will provide you with information on what is a synthesis essay, how to write one, and tips to improve your writing skills. I hope that this information will help you out.

What is a Synthesis Essay?

A synthesis essay is a type of academic writing that focuses on combining information from several sources to create an argument or a perspective on a given topic. These essays differ from other types because they require writers to analyze different viewpoints to pick the main ideas and create a unified stance on a topic. That is why synthesis essays are challenging. Students have to demonstrate skills such as critical thinking, research, and information synthesis. A well-developed essay synthesizes information from different sources to create a piece of writing that offers readers a nuanced understanding of a topic.

Key Components of a Synthesis Essay

To understand how to write a synthesis essay, it is required to know what it consists of. Similarly to other types of academic writing, synthesis essays have their own components. I will explain the most important elements of such an essay below.

Thesis Statement

A well-developed thesis statement is the main point of a synthesis essay. It presents readers with what they are going to read about. A thesis statement is a guide that allows readers to understand the author’s main stance and how they are going to synthesize their ideas to prove it.

Sources Integration

A synthesis essay requires the writer to conduct thorough research. With access to books, journals, websites, data sets, etc., it is possible to gather all the required information. This information has to be integrated to support the thesis and provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the topic.

Synthesis of Information

Gathered information has to be combined to form a cohesive thought or central idea. To do this, a writer needs to analyze and interpret information from sources. Interpretation of all the pieces gathered from sources is what makes a synthesis essay.

Counter Arguments and Refutations

Synthesis also means that the author has to acknowledge and address opposing arguments. The incorporation of counter arguments is a testament to the quality of one’s synthesis of information. Instead of presenting a one-sided argument, it is better to address counter points and refute them.

The conclusion restates the thesis statement and summarizes all the ideas explored in the essay. It also serves as a closure that underlines the importance of the information provided by the author. This section of an essay should leave a lasting impression and solidify the writer’s stance on the topic.

Tips and Tricks for Writing an Outstanding Synthesis Essay

Synthesis essays are specific and require a careful approach to them. Thankfully, there are universal tips and tricks that I actively use in my writing. They will help you to understand how to write a synthesis essay of top quality every time as well!

Choose a multi-faceted, debatable topic

It is better to choose a topic that allows you to approach it from different perspectives. A multi-angle subject gives ground for extensive research and incorporation of various materials for a future synthesis essay.

Research credible sources with diverse perspectives

The quality of sources matters in academic writing. That is why you should investigate reliable sources to gather information for your topic. Credible sources include journal articles, reputable books, data sets, etc.

Take clear, organized notes tracking differences

Remember to take notes when performing research. I use notes to structure my thoughts and not get lost. You will encounter different information and perspectives, requiring you to sort them according to common and different points of view. This way, you will be able to spot these specific points and ease your essay-writing process.

Develop an insightful, focused thesis

To create a coherent thesis statement, you want to state your main argument while reflecting on the synthesis of perspectives that you describe in the essay. A well-crafted thesis statement will guide readers when addressing the topic you are writing about.

Use rhetorical techniques

The use of rhetorical techniques such as ethos, pathos, and logos is important for increasing persuasive power of a synthesis essay. They will appeal to your audience’s emotions, logic, and credibility.

How to Write a Synthesis Essay?

Step 1: choosing a compelling topic.

The first step in writing a synthesis essay is to select a topic that you find particularly interesting. However, this topic should also provide ground for exploration. I always opt for areas that interest me the most for additional motivation. With a properly selected topic, you can go deep into research to find different points of view. A topic that creates space for discussion and analysis is the best way to engage readers. Therefore, a proper choice of a topic will allow you to present the topic in a nuanced manner that provides value for the target audience.

Step 2: Conducting thorough research

Any strong synthesis essay requires thorough research. To begin with, I suggest starting by selecting a range of sources that you will base your research on. This could include academic journals, scholarly articles, reputable books, etc. After selecting sources, take notes to track the points discussed in each piece of research. This way, you will be able to track differences and similarities between sources. Such an approach will allow you to build a base addressing potential counter points and create a well-informed synthesis essay.

Step 3: Crafting a strong thesis statement

A strong thesis statement has to capture the main idea of your synthesis essay. It should include a synthesis of information that you gathered during research. This way, you will provide readers with a one-sentence summary of what they can expect from your writing. A thesis statement should be clear, specific, and coherent. Clarity plays an important role in delivering your main idea to readers while hooking them to continue reading through the essay.

Step 4: Evaluating and selecting relevant sources

Evaluate your sources to ensure the reliability and validity of information that you put into an essay. This process is crucial as the use of high-quality and recent sources strengthens main ideas of your synthesis essay. To do so, you should consider several factors such as author’s credibility, publication date, publication source, citations and references, and potential bias. With these factors checked, you will select the most appropriate sources for your synthesis essay.

Step 5: Structuring the essay (Introduction, Body, Conclusion)

Synthesis essays follow a traditional essay structure that is common in academic writing. The introduction should provide readers with context of the topic and a thesis statement to highlight key points that are discussed in the essay. Each body paragraph has to address a particular point to maintain clarity and ease of flow. Conclusion should restate the thesis statement, summarize synthesis, and reinforce your thesis. Combination of these structural elements ensures readability and comprehension of the essay.

Step 6: Incorporating evidence and examples

Integration of evidence from previously selected sources supports your thesis statement and arguments. You want to show how each piece of information contributes to the central idea of your synthesis essay. Incorporation of evidence and examples is central to highlighting your original ideas and distinguishing them from the ones taken from sources. This way, you will considerably improve the credibility of your thoughts and showcase the variety of sources that you synthesize to explore a topic.

Step 7: Analyzing and synthesizing information effectively

A strong synthesis essay example effectively combines diverse perspectives into a unified narrative. This means that synthesis requires writers to focus on exploration of relationships between sources. You can differentiate patterns, ideas, and connections between sources you gathered. Such an approach will allow you to show a nuanced understanding of a topic. A deep synthesis goes beyond compilation of information from different sources. It presents readers with a sophisticated argument that brings value to them.

Synthesis Essay Example Analysis

This synthesis essay example focuses on the ethical implications of using animals for testing drugs. It examines arguments in favor of animal testing while emphasizing the role of practice in advancing medical research. In contrast, the essay assesses ethical concerns that arise from animal testing such as test subjects’ welfare, suffering, and relevance of outcomes to humans.

A synthesis of information from scientific studies and ethical frameworks creates a balanced perspective of two different perspectives. A contrast of scientific arguments and ethical considerations creates ground for finding potential alternative solutions for the problem. Each paragraph addresses separate points mentioned in the thesis statement. The conclusion restates the thesis statement and summarizes ideas explored in the body paragraphs.

I tried to cover all the information regarding synthesis writing including what is a synthesis essay, its key components, and tips to create a compelling synthesis piece. A combination of reliable sources, synthesis of points into a coherent narrative, and a balance of arguments and counter arguments results in high-quality synthesis essays. However, remember that everything has to be logical and structured. You need to ensure that your synthesis writing is easy to read and understand. Writing a synthesis essay is not an easy task. That is why you can consider using AI tools, such as Textero AI-powered essay generator , to assist you in creating a compelling essay.

What is a synthesis essay?

A synthesis essay combines information from sources to create an argument on a topic. It is characterized by critical analysis of information, integration of different points of view, and their consideration from multiple perspectives.

Why are synthesis essays useful?

Synthesis essays promote critical thinking. They require students to use their research and analytical skills to present different perspectives in a compelling manner. The ability to address arguments and counter arguments naturally develops students’ critical thinking capabilities.

How do I pick a good synthesis essay topic?

A good synthesis essay topic is relevant and multifaceted. A topic should provide ground for debates and exploration of different perspectives. This means that students should choose topics that serve as a platform for discussion, in-depth analysis, and synthesis.

What types of sources should I use?

Synthesis essays require reliable sources to create a solid foundation for research. That is why it is advisable to focus attention on academic journals, books, and reputable web pages (news outlets, etc.).

How many sources do I need?

The number of sources required for a synthesis essay is not fixed. It can vary and depend on the perspectives covered in each source. Ensure that the number of sources that you use fully covers points that you want to explore in an essay.

Should I summarize or analyze my sources?

It is better to summarize sources to convey their key points. However, analysis is also important to fully understand sources’ main ideas and connections. Combination of summaries and analyses allows you to fully explore a topic.

What should my conclusion include?

A conclusion should restate the thesis statement, summarize synthesis points, and emphasize the importance of the topic. These elements should be combined to leave a lasting impression on readers.

Written by Nick Miller

AI enthusiast, student, and just life lover

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Synthesis Essay

Writing a Perfect Synthesis Essay: Definition & Examples

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Published on: Mar 1, 2023

Last updated on: Jul 24, 2024

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Do you have a ton of research to synthesize but don't know how? Or maybe you're not sure what a synthesis essay is and how to write a good synthesis essay. 

We know writing a synthesis essay is not an easy task to do; it’s challenging for most of us. But it can be perfectly done with the right guidance and preparation. 

In this blog, we'll walk you through all the necessary information to craft a perfect synthesis essay. So you can get done with your assignments confidently! 

Let’s get started.

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What is a Synthesis Essay?

Synthesis essay definition states:

It is a piece of writing that takes a unique perspective on a central idea, topic, or theme. Then backs it up with evidence from multiple sources.

A synthesis essay is an important part of academic writing. The main purpose of this essay is to show your ability to prove an argument.

To make sense of these arguments, you need to use different credible sources. It demonstrates your basic understanding of the main subject. This type of essay help to enhance your critical, analytical, and research skills.

A synthesis essay is made up of ideas and conclusions based on the information reviewed. Also, this essay asks you to summarize the topic and add your own thoughts about it in relation to what you have read.

Furthermore, the synthesis essays can be similar to analytical essays , argumentative essays , or compare and contrast essays .

Synthesis Essay Types

There are three types of a synthesis essay:

1. Argument Synthesis Essay

This essay's purpose is to debate or argue on a certain topic or issue. It justifies its claims by providing evidence in the body of the essay.

In contrast to the explanatory essay, you will perform the same thing as if you were writing a typical argumentative paper. First, state your argument, make supporting statements, and back up each claim with reliable facts.

2. Review Essay

A review essay is frequently written as a preparatory essay to an argument synthesis. Review essays are commonly used in social science and medicine classes.

It is a discussion of what has already been published on a topic, with a critical examination of the sources mentioned.

An unwritten thesis statement is added to it, which is not final and indicates that further study is needed in that area.

3. Explanatory Synthesis Essay

In this essay, the writer helps the reader to grasp deeper knowledge about the topic. Rather than arguing or debating on some points, the goal of this essay is to explain a certain topic.

Like any other essay, it needs backing up with supporting claims and credible sources.

How to Start a Synthesis Essay?

The following are some helpful techniques for writing an essay. These will help you start the process and avoid common errors that plague many writers.

1. Choosing a Synthesis Essay Topic 

A prompt for a synthesis paper must be arguable. Based on your project, you may be required to select primary content. Select a book that may include contrasting perspectives. Here are some important tips for choosing a topic for a synthesis essay.

• Look through the themes and ideas. Read from sources and investigate specific topics thoroughly to see if any of them catch your interest.
• Select a topic and collect relevant and valuable references for your synthesis paper.
• Outline your synthesis essay using concepts or ideas from the sources. This should make writing a lot simpler and save you a lot of time.

It is necessary to find an arguable topic to make your synthesis essay effective. Another reason is that these topics have been discussed in public for decades. 

Examples of good synthesis essay topics are;

• The process of hiring in the age of social media
• Social networks promote suicide
• Should higher education be free?
• Is it necessary to remove marks in education 
• The importance of getting a good education
• 3D printers are not used efficiently nowadays.
• Is technology really helping people?
• Why has technology made surgery safe and effective?
• What is the cause of widespread obesity in teens?
• What is the role of gender today?

2. Analyze Your Topic

Here's how you can fully understand your synthesis essay topic.

• Grasp the Idea of a Synthesis Essay

A synthesis essay's purpose is to establish meaningful connections between sections of a work. When conducting research on a topic, you have to look for connections to build a strong viewpoint on the subject. The ultimate goal of the essay is to present and prove a claim about a topic .

• Select a Topic Appropriate for a Synthesis Essay

The subject and topic must be extensive enough to include multiple relevant sources. If you have a free hand in deciding what to write about, some preparatory research may assist you in researching and choosing the right topic. 

•  Select and Study Your Sources Carefully

Research and find relevant information and sources. Generally, choose at least three references for your essay. It's a good idea to learn one or two additional sources for better understanding but no matter what it is, make sure that you study it properly.

Remember that it is better to read three sources properly than five sources poorly.

Compile each source by writing notes in the margins. This allows you to keep track of your thoughts, fresh ideas, and so on. 

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• Reread the Source Material 

Reread your source material for elements that will help to support your argument. 

Examine your sources for important statements, figures, thoughts, and facts that support your thesis. Make a note of them when you come across them. This will be very useful throughout your writing process. 

3. Develop a Thesis Statement 

Your thesis statement will be the central idea of your essay. It should cover the topic and express your viewpoint on it. After reading the sources and conducting your research, form an opinion on your topic. 

It should be stated as a complete sentence. Based on the essay, your thesis statement could be the first sentence of the essay or the last sentence of the first paragraph.

• Structure Your Thesis Statement Creatively 

To present your thesis, use a more creative structure. You can use a more elaborate structure than the one outlined above. You can develop your essay using the following approaches:

Straw man: In this approach, you will present the counter-arguments first. Then demonstrate their weaknesses and flaws. 

Such an approach demonstrates your awareness of the opposition as well as your readiness to respond to it. You present the counter-argument immediately following your thesis statement, followed by evidence to refute it. And conclude with a positive argument that supports your thesis.

Concession: In structure, concessions in essays are similar to the straw man. But this approach acknowledges the validity of the counter-argument while demonstrating that your argument is stronger. This structure is suitable for presenting papers to readers who hold opposing views. 

Illustration/ Example: It could be a thorough narrative, synopsis, or quotation from your source material that provides support for your position. However, you should not make your paper a collection of examples at the expense of supporting your thesis statement.

Comparison and Contrast: In this approach, similarities and differences between two subjects or sources demonstrate both aspects. It requires a thorough reading of your source material to identify both subtle and major points of comparison.

This type of essay can present its arguments source by source or by points of similarity or difference.

4. Create an Outline for Your Essay

An essay outline is a method for outlining the framework of your essay. Here's what you have to do. Outlining can help you structure and plan your synthesis paper. 

The standard outline of a synthesis essay is divided into three sections:

Need detailed guidance on how to write a synthesis essay? Check out this video?

How to Write a Synthesis Essay?

For writing a great essay, you have to do extensive research on your subject. This essay connects sections of multiple works and develops a strong viewpoint on a subject.

There are some major steps of the process:

1. Start Writing Your Essay 

After getting done with the preparation part, start to write your synthesis essay. 

2. Write Your First Draft Using Your Outline as a Guide

But be prepared to change your strategy if you discover fresh ideas and information. And make sure it supports your thesis and the source material. 

Your essay should have an introduction paragraph with your thesis statement at the end of it. A body with evidence that supports your main topic and thesis statement. Lastly, a conclusion that summarizes your point of view.

3. Use Transitions 

To make the content flow logically, use transitions between paragraphs. Transition words are an excellent method to highlight areas where your sources complement one another. 

Longer quotes of three lines or more should be presented as block quotes to draw emphasis to them.

4. Wrap Up Your Essay 

Here you have completed the writing process, but still, you need to make sure that your essay is flawless. 

5. Revise Your Essay

This is the time to enhance transitions between points and paragraphs and to reinforce arguments. You should strive to make your argument as concise and clear to understand as possible. It is beneficial to read your essay aloud so you can spot problematic phrases or unclear ideas.

Request someone else to proofread your paper. Have you heard the cliche "two heads are better than one"? Is it still valid?

Ask a friend or coworker what they would add or eliminate from the paper. Most importantly, does your thesis statement make sense, and are your references clearly supporting it?

Answer these questions in your essay.

6. Proofread Your Content

Examine your document for any grammatical, punctuation, or spelling mistakes. 

Are all the terms, names, and words accurately spelled? Are there any extraneous English language or sentence fragments? As you go, correct them.

Read the essay loudly to ensure that you don't accidentally add or remove words when reading in your mind. If possible, ask a friend or classmate to edit your writing.

7. Must Cite Sources

Use footnotes to mention information in the body paragraph and bibliography of cited books at the conclusion. Footnotes and in-text citations should be used for any information that is quoted, paraphrased, or cited.

8. Title Your Essay 

The point of view expressed in your thesis statement and supporting arguments should be reflected in your title. Therefore, choose a title that suits your essay rather than constructing your essay to fit the title.

Synthesis Essay Format

The format of your synthesis paper is chosen by your high school, college, or university professor. MLA, APA, and Chicago styles are the most often used styles.

The APA format is followed in the disciplines of science, education, and psychology. Chicago is commonly followed in the field of history, fine arts, and business. And MLA is the style of citation used in the humanities.

APA Style Format

The following are some APA style important details:

• Add a page header to the top of each page.
• Times New Roman, 1" margins, 12 pt. Font, double-spaced.
• The format of a synthesis essay should be separated into four sections: title page, abstract, main body, and references.
• Insert a page number in the upper right corner.

Chicago Style Format

The following are some Chicago style key points:

• Use double-spacing between the paper's lines.
• Make margins of one inch.
• Font size: 12 pt. Times New Roman font style.
• Create text that is left-justified with a rugged edge.
• Mention the full name of a person, place, or organization.
• At the start of the paragraph, use half-inch indents.
• The bibliography should be on its own page.

MLA Style Format

The following are some MLA style significant points:

• The title must be centered.
• Font: Times New Roman, 1" margins, 12 pt font size, double-spaced
• Mention your name, professor's name, the course number, and the date (dd/mm/yy).
• On each page, the top right corner displays the last name and page number.
• The final page provides a "Works Cited" list.

Synthesis Essay Rubric

A rubric is essentially a list of criteria that your professor will use to grade your paper. 

Knowing how each criterion is weighted can help make sure you get the best grade possible on your synthesis essay. 

The Basics of the Synthesis Essay Rubric

The basic elements of any synthesis essay rubric include organization, focus/development, and language use/style. 

• Organization refers to how well you structure your paper. It should flow logically and have clear transitions between sections. 
• Focus/development looks at how well you develop your argument throughout the paper. Are you able to clearly explain why each point supports your thesis?
• Language use/style focuses on grammar, punctuation, and spelling. Was the paper proofread thoroughly or did careless errors slip in?

For example , your synthesis essay thesis statement is

"Capital punishment should be abolished in all states." 

Do you provide evidence from different angles, such as legal history, religious beliefs, or moral arguments to back up this claim? 

Does this evidence prove why capital punishment should be abolished?

How to Write a Synthesis Essay - Ap Lang

Are you an AP Lang student who's been assigned the dreaded synthesis essay? Here's how to write a successful synthesis essay for AP Lang. 

• Understand the Prompt 

The first step in writing any synthesis essay is to read and understand the prompt. It's also important to note any specific requirements such as word count, formatting style, or sources that must be used in your essay. 

• Organize Your Argument 

Once you have all the information necessary, it's time to start organizing your argument.

Start by identifying any common themes or ideas between the various sources of evidence and create an outline with these points at its core. 

• Write Your Essay 

Now comes the fun part - writing! 

You should now have a comprehensive outline of all the points and evidence you want to include in your essay. So use this as a guide when crafting your argument. 

Make sure that each point has supporting evidence from credible sources and that everything flows logically from one point to another. 

Finally, don't forget to proofread and edit before submitting so that there are no errors in grammar or spelling. These small details can make all the difference! 

Synthesis Essay Tips

Working on a synthesis paper requires a thorough study of a particular given prompt. To evaluate it properly, you must first understand the prompt's goal, argument, author's claim, and rhetoric.

To compose a successful synthesis essay, here are some helpful tips to keep in mind.

• Use Multiple Reasons

It is well recognized that the use of various reasons (generally two) is a very successful approach.

Present one argument against your strong thesis statement. This type of evidence presents an introduction and description. The advantage of this method is to teach awareness of the other side of the argument. It is followed by the opposing view and a decisive factor.

This is one of the most basic ways of organizing. It enables you to summarise the sources that are most relevant to you. The problem is that this technique excludes any of your individual thinking.

• Compare and Contrast

Comparing reveals similarities, while contrasting reveals distinctions. It is feasible to show an in-depth analysis of your chosen topic. It allows writers to compare and contrast two sources at the same time.

Write quotations from sources in your own words. This approach also allows the usage of quotable sources. Ensure to cite the reference when you use the reference.

This method depicts the opposing point of view. It demonstrates that the positives outweigh the negatives.

Writing a synthesis essay is not as difficult as it may seem. You can also try our AI essay writer to generate plagiarism-free content and make the process easier. 

However, if you are having trouble understanding the concepts or writing a synthesis essay, it is best to hire professionals.

Our synthesis essay writing service is the perfect solution to your problems. We have a team of skilled writers who will help you through each step of the essay-writing process.

You contact our professionals at CollegeEssay.org to get essay writing help online . Our essay writer service is always ready to ace your assignments. 

So don't hesitate and order your essay now!

Frequently Asked Questions

How do you end a synthesis essay.

A strong ending fulfills these 3 things: 

• Restate your thesis. 
• Summarize or synthesize key points. 
• Make your argument's context explicit. 

What is a synthesis paragraph?

A synthesis is a textual debate that includes support from multiple sources with opposing viewpoints. This type of work requires analysis by using different sources and determining their relevance to your thesis.

Why is synthesis important?

It is important because it allows us to: 

• Test and validate hypotheses. 
• Comprehend key processes. 
• Plan future research efforts. 

How to conclude a synthesis essay?

Synthesize rather than summarize your argument. No need to go over your entire paper again. Instead, include a brief summary of the main points of the paper and explain to your reader how you've made points.

What is an example of a synthesis?

Making connections or putting things together is all that is required. We naturally synthesize information to assist others in seeing connections between things. For example, synthesis occurs when you report to a friend what other friends have said about a film or book.

How many paragraphs is a synthesis essay?

According to the standard outline provided, you should stick to the basic five-to-six paragraph structure. In rare cases, there may be more paragraphs in the main body.

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Caleb S. has extensive experience in writing and holds a Masters from Oxford University. He takes great satisfaction in helping students exceed their academic goals. Caleb always puts the needs of his clients first and is dedicated to providing quality service.

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How to write a Synthesis Essays

Carla johnson.

• June 14, 2023
• How to Guides

Synthesis essays are a common type of academic writing that asks students to put together information from different sources into a coherent argument or point of view about a certain topic. In a synthesis essay, students must analyze and combine information from different sources, such as articles, books, and other academic materials, to come up with a new way of looking at a certain issue or idea.

The importance of synthesis essays lies in the fact that they help students learn how to think critically, analyze information, and communicate effectively. By putting together information from different sources, students can learn more about complicated topics and form their own opinions about them.

Synthesis essays are important in the classroom, but they are also useful in the real world , such as in business, politics, and other professional fields. In many fields, it is important to be able to combine information from different sources into a coherent argument. This skill can help people communicate better and make better decisions.

In the sections that follow, we’ll talk about the most important parts of a good synthesis essay, such as how to find and analyze information, make a convincing argument, and explain your ideas to your audience. By learning how to write synthesis essays well, students can learn important skills that will help them both in school and in the workplace.

What You'll Learn

Elements of a Synthesis Essay

A synthesis essay uses information from more than one source to make an argument or point of view about a certain topic. Here are the most important parts of a good synthesis essay:

1. The purpose of a synthesis essay: The goal of a synthesis essay is to analyze and combine information from different sources into a new way of looking at a certain issue or idea. The essay should have a clear, well-thought-out argument based on evidence and analysis.

2. Analysis and evaluation of sources: To write a good synthesis essay, it’s important to carefully read and think about each source that will be used. This means judging the credibility and reliability of each source and figuring out how each source fits into the argument as a whole.

3. Creation of a thesis statement: The main idea or point of an essay is the thesis statement. It should be clear, short, and detailed, and it should sum up the main point or argument of the essay .

4. Integration of sources into the essay: Each source’s information should be put into the essay in a way that supports the overall argument. This means picking and arranging the information from each source carefully and putting it together in a way that is clear and easy to understand.

5. Development of a logical and coherent argument: The essay should be easy to understand and well-organized, with each paragraph building on the one before it to make a logical and coherent argument. Each paragraph should focus on a different part of the argument and use evidence and analysis from the sources to back it up.

Preparing to Write a Synthesis Essay

Preparing to write a synthesis essay involves several key steps, including:

1. Reading and analyzing sources: The first step in preparing to write a synthesis essay is to carefully read and analyze each source that will be used in the essay. This involves critically evaluating the credibility and reliability of each source, and identifying key themes, ideas, and arguments that will be relevant to the essay.

2. Brainstorming and outlining: Once the sources have been analyzed, the next step is to brainstorm ideas and create an outline for the essay . This involves identifying key themes and arguments that will be addressed in the essay , and organizing them into a logical and coherent structure.

3. Identifying a thesis statement: The thesis statement is the main argument or focus of the essay. Once the key themes and arguments have been identified, it is important to develop a clear and concise thesis statement that summarizes the main argument or perspective of the essay .

4. Developing a plan for integrating sources: The information from each source should be integrated into the essay in a way that supports the overall argument. This involves developing a plan for how each source will be used in the essay, and how the information from each source will be integrated into the overall argument.

By following these key steps, students can effectively prepare to write a successful synthesis essay that is grounded in evidence and analysis, and presents a unique perspective on a particular topic.

Writing a Synthesis Essay

Writing a successful synthesis essay requires careful planning and attention to detail. The following tips can help you to write an effective synthesis essay:

1. Introduction: Start with an attention-grabbing hook that provides context for the essay, and introduce the topic and purpose of the essay. Provide a clear and concise thesis statement that summarizes the main argument or focus of the essay.

2. Body paragraphs: The body of the essay should include several paragraphs that address different aspects of the topic, and integrate information from multiple sources to support your argument. Use specific examples and evidence to support your claims , and make sure that each paragraph focuses on a specific idea or theme.

3. Conclusion: Summarize the main points of the essay, restate the thesis statement, and provide a thoughtful reflection on what has been learned from the synthesis process. It should also include suggestions for further research or discussion.

4. Tone and style: Use a professional and objective tone when writing a synthesis essay. Avoid using overly emotional or biased language, and focus on presenting a well-supported argument that is grounded in evidence and analysis .

5. Grammar and mechanics: Pay careful attention to grammar, mechanics, and spelling when writing a synthesis essay. Use clear and concise language, and proofread your essay carefully to ensure that it is error-free.

Synthesis Essay Examples

To better understand how to write a synthesis essay, it can be helpful to examine examples of effective essays . Here are some key takeaways from successful synthesis essays:

1. Effective synthesis essays draw on a variety of sources to support a well-developed argument or perspective on a particular topic.

2. The best synthesis essays use a clear and logical structure to present information and ideas in a way that is easy to follow.

3. Successful synthesis essays use specific examples and evidence to support claims, and provide thoughtful analysis and evaluation of sources.

4. The most effective synthesis essays present a unique perspective on a particular topic, and offer insights or perspectives that are not readily available in other sources.

5. Finally, successful synthesis essays demonstrate strong writing skills, including a clear and concise writing style, good grammar and mechanics, and effective use of transitions and other writing devices.

By examining examples of effective synthesis essays, students can gain a deeper understanding of the key elements of successful synthesis writing, and develop their own skills and abilities in this important area of academic and professional writing.

Synthesis Essay Topics

Synthesis essays can cover a wide range of topics and subjects. Here are some examples of common synthesis essay topics:

1. Social issues and activism: This topic might include analysis and synthesis of information related to social justice, human rights, inequality, or activism.

2. Science and technology: This topic might include analysis and synthesis of information related to scientific research, technological advancements, or the impact of technology on society.

3. Politics and government : This topic might include analysis and synthesis of information related to government policies, political systems, or the impact of politics on society.

4. Education and learning: This topic might include analysis and synthesis of information related to educational practices, learning theories, or the role of education in society.

5. Culture and media : This topic might include analysis and synthesis of information related to popular culture, media messages, or the impact of media on society.

Synthesis Essay Outline

Creating an effective outline is an important step in the process of writing a synthesis essay. The following are some tips for creating an effective outline, as well as examples of synthesis essay outlines:

1. Basic outline structure: A simple outline for a synthesis essay should have an intro, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. The introduction should have a hook, set the scene for the essay , and have a clear statement of the essay’s main point. The body of the essay should be made up of several paragraphs that cover different parts of the topic . The conclusion should summarize the main points of the essay and offer a thoughtful reflection on what has been learned.

2. Tips for creating an effective outline: When making an outline for a synthesis essay, it is important to focus on the main argument or point of view of the essay and to organize the information from each source in a way that supports the overall argument. Use subheadings and bullet points to organize information and ideas, and make sure that each paragraph focuses on a single idea or theme.

3. Examples of synthesis essay outlines:

I. Introduction

– Hook

– Context

– Thesis statement

II. Body Paragraphs

– Analysis of source 1

– Analysis of source 2

– Integration of sources into the essay

– Development of a logical and coherent argument

III. Conclusion

– Summary of main points

– Reflection on what has been learned

– Suggestions for further research or discussion

Another example:

– Analysis of source 3

– Reflection on what was learned

By following these tips and examples, students can create effective outlines for their synthesis essays, which will help them to organize their ideas and information, and to create a clear and well-supported argument or perspective on a particular topic .

Frequently Asked Questions

1. what is a synthesis essay.

A synthesis essay is a type of academic writing that asks students to put together information from different sources into a coherent argument or point of view about a certain topic. The goal of a synthesis essay is to analyze and combine information from different sources into a new way of looking at a certain issue or idea.

2. What are the elements of a synthesis essay?

The parts of a synthesis essay are the essay’s purpose, the analysis and evaluation of sources, the creation of a thesis statement, the integration of sources into the essay, and the development of an argument that makes sense and flows well.

3. How do I choose a topic for a synthesis essay?

When choosing a topic for a synthesis essay, think about things that you are really interested in or know a lot about. Also, look for topics that are complicated and have many different sides. Social issues, science and technology, politics and the government, education and learning, culture and the media can all be used as topics.

4. How do I structure a synthesis essay?

The format of a synthesis essay should be clear and well-structured, with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. The introduction should have a hook, set the scene for the essay, and have a clear statement of the essay’s main point. The body of the essay should be made up of several paragraphs that cover different parts of the topic. The conclusion should summarize the main points of the essay and offer a thoughtful reflection on what has been learned.

5. What are some tips for writing a successful synthesis essay?

Some tips for writing a good synthesis essay include carefully reading and analyzing sources, coming up with a clear and concise thesis statement, putting sources into the essay in a way that supports the overall argument , and making an argument that makes sense and flows well. It’s also important to use clear, concise language, pay attention to grammar and mechanics, and carefully proofread the essay before sending it in.

In conclusion , students need to learn how to write synthesis essays if they want to do well in school and in their careers. Students can make a well-supported argument or point of view on a certain topic if they know the key parts of a good synthesis essay and follow the steps for preparing, structuring, and writing the essay . Students can use the skills and techniques they learn in writing synthesis essays to communicate effectively and make well-informed decisions in a wide range of situations. This is true whether they are writing about social issues and activism, science and technology, politics and government, education and learning, or culture and media.

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Introduction to Stasis Theory

2 Using Stasis Theory to Narrow Your Topic

By stacie draper weatbrook, how we situate writing to create meaning.

Many Salt Lake Community College English 1010 students are asked to write a paper that looks at multiple views in a debate in order to better understand the issue. Students are instructed to start with a research question with a potential for at least three answers/viewpoints. The aim of the paper is to venture beyond identifying simple pro/con viewpoints to exploring issues in their complexity. Understanding how to classify arguments made in a debate not only helps students narrow their topic but also allows for easier organization in researching and drafting.

Remember back when you were six and you were asked to clean up your toys? But that wasn’t the worst part. You weren’t allowed to simply stash the random Polly Pockets, Hot Wheels, Bionicles, Barbies, and Legos on just any shelf. You were tasked with the Herculean act of putting the toys where they belonged . It was enough to make you want to lie on the floor in despair, with Legos digging into your back to add to the dramatic effect.

Hopefully, some compassionate adult was there to show you the shelf for the dolls and Bionicles, the box for the Legos, and the bag to keep the Polly Pocket clothes out of the way of the vacuum. Today, as a college student, you can organize your dishes, spices, and socks as expertly as Martha Stewart. And you would too, if you weren’t working two jobs and going to school.

When you are given a research assignment, it can be just as overwhelming as cleaning your room was when you were six. You might feel the same loss of hope when you look at your digital mountains of database searches and Google results. Fortunately, research and research writing don’t have to be daunting, especially if you know how to mentally sort the information you find. As luck would have it, the ancient Greeks and Romans gave us shelves and bins to sort out debates and make complex information more manageable.

5 Types of Claims: Ways You Can Narrow Your Topic

Classical rhetoric identifies arguments by levels or “ stases ” (plural for “ stasis ” ). The idea of stasis theory, as it is called, comes from traditional argument and issue exploration and helps writers start where their audience is to move through a logical flow of information.

When you research your topic, picture these five stases, or types of arguments, as shelves or bins to sort the issues about your topic:

FACT ― This level establishes what happens (happened) and verifies details in question.

DEFINITION ― This stasis seeks to classify and name an occurrence.

CAUSE & EFFECT ― This stasis shows the precursors and/or results of an issue.

VALUE ― This level argues how important, common, serious, or widespread an issue is.

POLICY ― This final level proposes an action or solution to an issue.

Choosing a stasis for your issue will help you narrow down your topic and keep your research question manageable. Many composition classes at Salt Lake Community College ask students to do a Viewpoint Synthesis or Issue Exploration essay that shows multiple views of an issue. Because the Viewpoint Synthesis or Issue Exploration is simply a summary of viewpoints and not an argumentative essay, you might choose any stasis as the focus of inquiry. It is not the assignment’s burden to resolve each stasis, but rather to report how others and you see the issue.

Keeping your topic narrow will help to avoid frustration as you sift through the digital piles of information for the Viewpoint Synthesis paper or any other research you’re assigned. In other words, you’re only asked to sort through the Legos, and then, only the Star Wars Legos.

Consider the following questions at each stasis and how they can lead to focused questions with multiple answers.

Arguments of fact must be questions where the “facts” are not easily agreed. A question like “What color is the Markosian Library?” or “How many people voted in the mid-term elections?” could easily be answered based on a quick look at the library’s exterior or research into the election data. These questions have answers that can be easily verifiable and are not considered viewpoints.

Many fact  stasis questions deal with scientific or historical topics that lend themselves to varying interpretations and require verification, often showing a fundamental disagreement about what the reality is.

An example of a fact  stasis question surrounds the human microbiome—the colonies of yeast, bacteria, and viral cells hosted in the human body. Consider the following fact  stasis question and possible viewpoints:

Viewpoint 1) There are 10 microbial cells for every 1 human cell. Viewpoint 2) There are actually 3 microbial cells for every 1 human cell. Viewpoint 3) The ratio is actually 1.3 microbial cells for every 1 human cell.

When writing your Issue Exploration paper, you will include a summary of the issue where you state the different views. Later in the paper, you’ll expand and explain each of the views. Notice how the various views in this fact  stasis debate can be summarized:

How many microbes are in the human body? For years, popular media and scientific journals reported that there are 10 times as many microbial cells in the human body as there are human cells. That number was the standard until 2014 when the American Academy of Microbiology stressed the number of both microbial and human cells were only estimates and the ratio of microbial-to-human cells were actually closer to 3:1 (Crew). In 2016, Ron Sender and a team of biologists used a population of standard 70-kg males to give a new estimate of 1.3 microbial cells to every 1 human cell.

The Viewpoint Synthesis/Issue Exploration paper would then go on to discuss the merits and limitations of each of the three viewpoints.

Definition arguments seek to classify an occurrence or condition. The definition stasis is used when there is some disagreement about what to call something (think Pluto being demoted from “ planet ” to “ dwarf planet ” ). Definition arguments are also used in criminal court cases (X killed Y; was it View 1: self-defense; View 2: felony murder; or View 3: manslaughter?)

If you are researching bullying, you could use the definition  stasis to seek to classify which behaviors should be considered bullying:

Viewpoint 1) Bullying is “a harmless rite of passage in childhood” and can be ignored. Viewpoint 2) Bullying is any mean or rude behavior. Viewpoint 3) Bullying is any behavior that employs an imbalance of power to control or harm others where the actions are repeated.

A summary of the issue and these viewpoints for the introduction to your Viewpoint Synthesis paper might look like this:

There’s been a lot of attention to bullying in the past years. Some people view bullying as simply a part of childhood. Psychiatrist William Copeland refers to a study by Arseneault, Bowes, and Shakoor who report childhood bullying is still “commonly viewed as just a harmless rite of passage or an inevitable part of growing up.” On the other side of the spectrum, acute awareness to bullying has given way to defining any rude, mean, or even contrary behavior toward another person as bullying. Other organizations like StopBullying.gov and child therapists like Signe Whitson define bullying specifically as any behavior that employs an imbalance of power to control or harm others where the actions are repeated.

The Issue Exploration paper would then go into detail about each of these definitions.

Sometimes, a third viewpoint is difficult to find. The reason might be that it’s sitting right in front of us as the accepted status quo and we don’t stop to recognize it’s such a common practice or belief that it isn’t given a second thought. Think back to the issue of how many cells make up a human microbiome. It took nearly 40 years for scientists to start questioning where the original estimate came from. As in the question on how to define bullying, one of the viewpoints is what most people traditionally thought about the issue generations ago, and, sadly, how that idea carries forward today. Questioning the status quo or commonly accepted ideas helps identify prevalent viewpoints and allows for other viewpoints to be considered and proposed.

Cause and Effect

Asking cause & effect questions helps narrow down a topic to the reasons behind and results surrounding an issue. Sometimes, asking cause & effect questions can be tricky, because they often produce a laundry list of causes or reasons for an issue rather than answers that are diametrically opposed. If we ask a cause-and-effect question like “ what are the benefits of recycling? ” we get a list of reasons: to conserve resources, to offset our carbon footprint, to feel good about ourselves, to have a zero-waste community, to save money . These reasons are not actual viewpoints, especially since all three reasons aren’t mutually exclusive; each of these reasons can exist happily with the other reasons, so the question isn’t likely to identify a real issue or debate.

When asking a cause & effect question—or any question for our Viewpoint Synthesis assignment—there must be at least two answers that are mutually exclusive, meaning they can’t exist together. Here’s an example:

Many people believe an effect of recycling is saving resources; however, John Tierney in his New York Times piece, “The Reign of Recycling,” says recycling plastics in many cases does not save resources because the power and water needed to recycle do not produce a net savings of resources. A third view of the effects of recycling is more about the effect of creating an awareness of consumption practices.

The above example takes a very small part of the recycling issue, whether recycling plastics saves resources, and identifies opposite viewpoints of the effects of the issue. This argument could also be very easily classified as a fact  stasis question, since basic facts are in question. Either stasis you choose to call it, it’s important to see how a narrow question will yield a more specific discussion of the issue.

Questions on the value stasis deal with how widespread, severe, pervasive, beneficial, or important an issue is. An example is a piece by Nellie Bowles called “A Dark Consensus About Screens and Kids Begins to Emerge in Silicon Valley.” This article that appeared in The New York Times can be classified as a value  stasis argument because it addresses how serious the issue of children’s screen use is to the parents creating the technology. Bowles reports that an increasing number of tech executives and programmers—the ones responsible for the apps and the devices to run them—are limiting and even forbidding screen time for their children. Here are the viewpoints presented:

Viewpoint 1) Any amount of screen time is absolutely harmful to children. Viewpoint 2) Screen time isn’t a concern. Today’s screen time is similar to excessive television watching of previous decades and there are plenty of adults today who grew up watching a lot of television and turned out just fine. Viewpoint 3) Screen time has advantages and drawbacks and should be used with careful purpose and be strictly monitored.

Bowles’ article is an excellent example of a real-life Viewpoint Synthesis assignment. Here’s how the views can be summed up:

How safe is screen time for children? Bowles quotes experts such as Chris Anderson, the former editor of Wired and now the chief executive of a robotics and drone company, who says of screens and children’s brains, “On the scale between candy and crack cocaine, it’s closer to crack cocaine.” Another view, however, shows screens aren’t a concern. Bowles quotes Jason Toff, who ran the Vine and now works for Google, and lets his 3-year-old play on an iPad, which he believes is no better or worse than a book. Bowles also shows the middle ground of other Silicon Valley parents who say there are ways to allow some limited educational screen time.

A paper showing just how dangerous (or not) screen time is for children would go on to explain each of the views in detail, using sources in addition to the Bowles article.

Issues of policy answer the question what should be done? Suppose your workplace has a problem with workers not showing for their shifts. You decide to research that question and find the following solutions:

Viewpoint 1) Punish absenteeism. Decrease salaried workers’ pay for absences not cleared 48 hours in advance. Allow only X number of sick days. Write up non-salaried workers for missing shifts and give only one warning before terminating employment. Viewpoint 2) Consider the causes of absenteeism and solve the problem by offering childcare and sick rooms for children of workers. Also, offer free bus passes or Uber credits. Viewpoint 3) Focus on productivity not attendance. Abolish the attendance policy. Allow workers to take off any time they need as long as their work is done. For workers who must be present for customer-service work, offer bonuses instead of flexible schedules.

For our Viewpoint Synthesis/Issue Exploration assignment, you need three distinct views. The perspectives should offer views that cannot all co-exist. Notice how in the absenteeism example, Viewpoint 1 focuses on solving the problem punitively while Viewpoint 3 makes absenteeism a non-issue by focusing on productivity. These viewpoints are mutually exclusive and cannot both be implemented. Your task is to find at least two views for your own issue that are mutually exclusive. The third view could be the middle ground.

Note: Sometimes after identifying several potential policies, your topic may seem too broad. At this point, it may be helpful to focus your research question on only one of the solutions at the cause & effect stasis. For example:

Viewpoint 1) Yes, because _____. Viewpoint 2) Yes, because of an entirely different reason. Viewpoint 3) No, because _____.

Cleaning up your toys when you were six may not have been pleasant, but you can’t deny the exhilarating feeling of accomplishment once it was done. When you finally see how you’re going to organize your Issue Exploration, you’ll feel a similar sense of achievement. Being able to classify the type of arguments is pretty satisfying. Almost as satisfying as having all your Polly Pockets together on the same shelf.

A note to instructors and other interested parties: A quick Google search of stasis theory or a perusal of Purdue Owl will usually show four stases of arguments: Fact, Definition, Quality, and Policy. Another classification includes three stases: Fact, Value, and Policy. Because stasis theory is useful in narrowing and classifying topics, I prefer the divisions given by rhetoricians like Grant-Davie, Secor, and Fahnestock of dividing arguments into five stases.

Works Cited

Material in this chapter was adapted from the works listed below. The material was edited for tone, content, and localization.

Bowles, Nellie. “A Dark Consensus About Screens and Kids Begins to Emerge in Silicon Valley.” The New York Times , 26 October 2018, www.nytimes.com/2018/10/26/style/phones-children-silicon-valley.html .

Copeland, William E., et al. “Adult Psychiatric Outcomes of Bullying and Being Bullied by Peers in Childhood and Adolescence.” JAMA Psychiatry , vol. 70, no. 4, Apr. 2013, pp. 419–426. EBSCOhost , doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.504.

Crew, Bec. “Here’s How Many Cells in Your Body Aren’t Actually Human.” ScienceAlert.com , 11 Apr. 2018. www.sciencealert.com/how-many-bacteria-cells-outnumber-human-cells-microbiome-science .

Sender, Ron, et al. “Revised Estimates for the Number of Human and Bacteria Cells in the Body.” PLoS Biology , vol. 14, no. 8, Aug. 2016, pp. 1–14. EBSCOhost , doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002533.

Tierney, John. “The Reign of Recycling.” The New York Times , 3 October 2015, www.nytimes.com/2015/10/04/opinion/sunday/the-reign-of-recycling.html .

“What is Bullying?” StopBullying.gov, www.stopbullying.gov/what-is-bullying/index.html .

Whitson, Signe. “Is it Rude, Is it Mean, or is it Bullying?” Psychology Today , 25 Nov. 2012, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/passive-aggressive-diaries/201211/is-it-rude-is-it-mean-or-is-it-bullying .

Grant-Davie, Keith “Stasis Theory.” White paper. N.D. www.coursehero.com/file/27255076/Stasis-Theory-KGDpdf/.

Attributions

”Using Stasis Theory to Narrow Your Topic: A Lesson in Writing a Viewpoint Synthesis/Issue Exploration Paper and in Organizing Your Room” by Stacie Draper Weatbrook is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0

Writing Arguments in STEM Copyright © by Jason Peters; Jennifer Bates; Erin Martin-Elston; Sadie Johann; Rebekah Maples; Anne Regan; and Morgan White is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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How to Write a Synthesis Essay: Examples, Topics, & Outline

A synthesis essay requires you to work with multiple sources. You combine the information gathered from them to present a well-rounded argument on a topic. Are you looking for the ultimate guide on synthesis essay writing? You’ve come to the right place!

In this guide by our custom writing team, you will find:

• a step-by-step writing guide;
• a list of 34 synthesis essay topics;
• a full essay sample in MLA format.
• 📚 Synthesis Essay Definition
• 📝 Essay Types
• ✅ Step-by-Step Guide
• ✍️ Topics & Prompts
• 📑 Example & Formatting Tips

📚 What Is a Synthesis Essay?

A synthesis essay is an assignment that requires a unique interpretation of a particular topic using several reliable sources. To write it, you need to understand, analyze, and synthesize information. That is why this type of essay is used in the AP Lang exam to assess students’ reasoning skills.

The key features of the synthesis essay are:

• Debatable topic . If your goal is to write a good synthesis essay, it’s necessary to choose an arguable topic. It’s best to choose something that people have different opinions about. This will allow you to use many sources with various viewpoints for your synthesis.
• Clear thesis statement. It’s a sentence that briefly describes the main idea of your essay.
• Reliable sources to prove your thesis . For a synthesis essay, your opinion is not enough. You also need to find the evidence. Keep in mind that simply reading an online encyclopedia won’t do; make sure to choose only reliable sources.

What Does It Mean to Synthesize Information?

Synthesis is a process that has huge importance in nature, science, and our everyday life. The word stems from Ancient Greek “synthesis,” which means “putting together.” In general, synthesis is the combination of components to form a connected whole.

In everyday life, we usually resort to it to synthesize information . This means taking the data from different sources and bringing it together. This process is the opposite of analyzing:

• For an analysis , you break problems into pieces,
• For a synthesis , you combine separate elements into a whole.

We use synthesis for analysis papers, research papers, argument papers, and business reports.

What Does Synthesis Mean in Writing?

Synthesis in writing means summarizing and connecting different sources considering a particular topic. Although synthesis and analysis are two opposite things, they usually go together in synthesis essays. The process consists of 2 stages:

• Conduct the analysis. For that, you break down a problem into parts and analyze the sources. It’s helpful to highlight everything regarding your topic while reading.
• Carry out the synthesis. The next step is to formulate an opinion and combine the highlighted information from the sources.

Synthesis is not only used in writing but also in reading comprehension . It’s useful to do this kind of reading while studying your sources. There are three reading comprehension stages:

• Your previous knowledge about the topic.
• Expansion of your knowledge while you are reading.
• Understanding of the problem when you have finished reading.

So, synthesized reading comprehension means combining three stages in one and formulating one statement.

Synthesis vs Summary: What Is the Difference?

A summary is a paraphrasing of the written source in your own words. For a good summary, it’s necessary to include all of the text’s key elements. Meanwhile, synthesis means combining different ideas from different sources. You don’t have to include all the key points; just choose everything related to your topic.

Both of these techniques are used for the synthesis essay:

• The summary goes in the conclusion. You briefly sum up your paper’s main ideas.
• Synthesis goes in the body paragraphs. Here, you combine multiple sources to prove a point.

📝 Synthesis Essay Types

There are two main types of a synthesis essay: argument and explanatory synthesis.

Both of them require working with multiple reliable sources and analyzing information. The only difference is that an argument synthesis essay requires your own opinion, while an explanatory synthesis essay does not.

Argument Synthesis Essay: Outline and Definition

As you already know, an argument synthesis essay requires you to state your own opinion about the given topic and back it up with several reliable sources. The purpose of such an essay is to persuade the reader that your point is correct.

Here’s what an argument synthesis essay consists of:

Explanatory Synthesis Essay: Definition and How to Write

An explanatory informative synthesis essay requires you to stay neutral towards the problem you are discussing. This means you cannot express your own opinion considering the given question or a problem. Your task is just to inform the reader. That’s why this essay type is also called informative synthesis.

Check out this explanatory essay outline:

✅ How to Write a Synthesis Essay Step by Step

When it comes to the synthesis essay outline, it’s not too different from other assignments. Have a look at this template:

How to Synthesize: Working with Sources

After you’ve decided on your topic, it’s time to figure out how to synthesize articles into one text. This is how you do it:

• Choose reliable sources: the ones printed in journals or published on academic websites.
• Become familiar with them and see if they fit into your essay.
• Try to find a few sources for each point. It will increase your essay’s reliability.
• Relate each source to your arguments and see similarities between them.
• Don’t forget to list every source in the references.

When you are done with a comprehensive analysis of related literature, try to step back and imagine a person who has a different opinion on this topic. Think of some arguments that they can provide to prove their opinion. After you have the list of arguments, find the written evidence of why they are wrong and put them in your essay.

Analyzing and organizing sources is the first and very important step for the synthesis essay. So make sure you do understand what the text means before using it as a reference.

Synthesis Essay Outline: How to Write

For structuring your essay, it’s useful to try mapping . This technique means combining the information from different sources and rearranging it to create a new direction. To do it, you need to analyze the authors’ ideas and come up with your own conclusions.

The best way to do that is called synthesis matrix or graphic organizer. It’s a chart that you can make when you start working on your essay. Here you have a horizontal column that states the main ideas and a few vertical columns that present sources. Your task is to take sources you have chosen and write down the main ideas from them.

Here’s an example of a matrix chart:

While doing that, you will see how many sources contain the same ideas. When you analyze them, you will be able to formulate your thesis backed up with evidence. The synthesis matrix also helps to see new arguments you can cover in your synthesis paper.

How to Write an Introduction for a Synthesis Essay

Now it’s time to start writing the paper. In the introductory part of the essay, you can include:

• A short yet catchy sentence or a quotation that would present the topic. The start of your essay should make people interested. It’s best to make the first sentence not only informative but also easy to understand.
• The texts that are used for the essay. Provide the titles and the authors’ names (use the appropriate guidelines depending on the writing style.)
• The background information which is needed to understand your essay. Definitions of terms or unknown words considering the topic can be included in this part. Otherwise, people may find it hard to understand what they are reading about.

How to Write a Thesis for a Synthesis Essay

A thesis statement is a point of view on a certain problem that you will defend in your essay. It should contain the key points that you want to include in your paper. Here’s how to create a perfect thesis statement:

• Find several central ideas in the chart.
• Choose the ones that are repeated the most often and the ones that you feel need to be in your essay.
• Combine them, and you have a thesis statement with all the key points.
• Make a draft of the thesis statement. Try to formulate the main idea you want to present in your essay.
• Elaborate on this idea. Add some details and expand it a bit further.

If the whole picture is coherent, and it conveys exactly what you wanted, then this is your perfect thesis statement. See the example below:

Gender inequality still exists at the workplace: women are less likely to get the most responsible positions, easily lose careers due to maternity leave, and often receive less pay for the same amount of work.

How to Write Synthesis Paragraphs for the Main Body

Your essay’s main body consists of a few paragraphs. Each of them presents a different argument considering the topic. When you start a paragraph, make sure to begin with a topic sentence, which informs the reader about the paragraph’s main idea. Then, include the synthesized sources and elaborate on them.

Here’s what you should and shouldn’t do when writing the main body:

You can use the following words to present the ideas from your sources. They will help you reflect the authors’ tone:

How to Conclude a Synthesis Essay

There are quite a few ways to conclude the synthesis paper. Have a look at some of the options:

• Paraphrase the thesis. As you remember, the thesis is the main idea of your essay. The conclusion is a good place to remind your readers about it. When they are done with the reading, they remember the most important thing from your essay.
• Synthesize the arguments. There is no need to repeat everything you wrote in your essay. Just briefly summarize the most crucial points.
• Answer the “So what” question. Tell the readers why this topic matters, why you’ve chosen it, and why it’s valuable for the reader.
• Provide a closure. It’s an effective strategy when you want to make the reader think. Leave them with a strong statement at the end of your essay.

Synthesis Paper Proofreading Tips

When you have finally written your paper, there is still one important thing left to do. You need to check your paper for any grammatical and contextual mistakes. You certainly can do it yourself, but it would be perfect if you could ask somebody else to read it.

The first thing you need to check grammar-wise is the tense you are using. There is no single tense you need to use for the synthesis essay. It depends on the format:

• If you’re writing in MLA format, use the present tense;
• For APA essays, you use the past tense.

The next step is to check whether your synthesis essay has everything that’s required. For that, we have prepared the checklist of questions you can ask yourself to proofread your essays.

• Is there a clear thesis statement?
• Did you include all of the key points from the synthesis?
• Are there clear transitions between paragraphs?
• Did you organize a paragraph around a single idea?
• Did you use reliable and up-to-date sources?
• Did you analyze sources rather than just summarize them?
• Did you mention every source you’ve used?

If you’ve answered “yes” to all the questions—congratulations, you are done with the essay! Otherwise, you need to come back and fix everything that you’ve answered “no” to.

✍️ Synthesis Essay Topics and Prompts

Sometimes, when you don’t have a topic , it is tough to come up with a suitable idea. That is why we have prepared two lists of topics that you can use for any synthesis essay type.

Explanatory Synthesis Essay Topics

The topics below are suitable for an explanatory synthesis essay:

• The beginning of Hollywood cinema. Cinema is a huge industry in the USA. Tell the readers about its history. Describe what it was like in the beginning, which movie was the first one, and who started this industry.
• Tactics on dealing with noisy children. Sometimes kids can be very loud, especially in public places. Write about different tactics that can help with this issue.
• The effects of climate change on the water cycle.  Climate change has affected the water cycle significantly. Your task is to explain how.
• The best American cities to live in. Provide the list of the best cities and explain why you’ve included them.
• The importance of a healthy diet . Keeping a healthy diet is beneficial in many ways. Write about all the advantages it brings.
• Who can become an entrepreneur? Entrepreneurship is not for everybody. In this essay, you can describe the qualities needed for having your own business.
• The correlation between overpopulation and poverty . Describe how overpopulation leads to poverty and vice versa.
• The advantages of taking an active vacation.
• Cultural shock as a part of moving to a different country.
• The consequences of the first wave of feminism.
• Synthesis of Tan and Rodriguez’ essays ideas. 
• Difficulties you may encounter during the job interview.
• How does reading prevent Alzheimer’s disease?
• The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on businesses.
• The connection between religion and politics in ruling the country.
• What can non-verbal signals tell you about a person?
• The psychology of leadership .
• The origins of the most common  stereotypes  about Americans.
• Role of social media in business communication.
• The synthesis of personal nursing philosophy concept. 
• Behavioral components of schizophrenia and psychosis.
• Main components of successful entrepreneurship.
• Critical components of scientific research.
• Change in religion and human beliefs throughout history.
• The effect of global warming on modern life.

Argument Synthesis Paper Topics

The list of topics for the Argument Synthesis Essay:

• Vaping is better than smoking. People are starting to exchange cigarettes for vapes and e-cigarettes. In what ways are they less harmful?
• Rich people should pay higher taxes. The same percentage of money doesn’t equal for rich and poor people. Explain why the ones who can afford more should share with others.
• Depression is a disease. Prove that psychological problems must be recognized as real health issues that should be cured and not ignored.
• Social media affects young people’s lives. Social media has a massive influence on people. In this essay, you can discuss which life spheres are the most affected.
• Beauty pageants should be banned. Provide the reasons why they should be banned and tell the reader about psychological problems they can cause.
• People should cut meat from their diet to stop global warming. Describe how the meat industry influences climate change.
• The voting age should be 25+. Your task is to show the reasons why the votes of people under 25 should not be taken into account during elections.
• A healthy lifestyle requires a lot of money.
• Each healthy man should serve in the military.
• School bullying should be punished by immediate exclusion.
• Does friendship exist between men and women?
• Drinking coffee is a bad habit.
• Working hard is more important than being talented.
• Everybody should visit a therapist at least once.
• Should universities be free?
• Artificial intelligence will cause huge unemployment rates.
• Gaming should not be allowed to children under 18.
• Components and strategies of social responsibility
• Integration of relevant ethical theory and conceptual principles in health care 
• Children under 10 should be banned from gadgets.  
• Social media platforms facilitate cyberbullying.
• Issues of distance education.
• Social media addiction is a serious disease.
• Deforestation critically contributes to global warming.
• Healthcare should be free for everyone.

📑 Synthesis Essay Example & Synthesis Essay Format Tips

Now let’s talk about formatting. There are two writing styles you can use for a synthesis essay: APA or MLA. You need to choose the one that is required for your assignment.

We will start with the paper in APA format. It is usually used in science and education.

And these are MLA formatting rules:

Finally, we’ve prepared a synthesis essay sample for you to check out. Feel free to download the PDF file below:

First introduced in the Civil Rights Act of 1964, affirmative action policies aim to mitigate the discrepancy in opportunities available for underrepresented social groups by taking into account one’s minority background. The policies have become a pressing public issue that obstructs previously marginalized individuals, particularly in the educational environment.

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🔍 References

• Writing a Synthesis Essay: Bowling Green State University
• What Is Synthesis: University of Manitoba
• Synthesis: Biology Online
• Reading Strategies: Difference Summarizing and Synthesizing: WordPress
• Summary, Analysis, Synthesis Definitions: University of Utah
• Argumentative Synthesis: University of Arkansas
• How to Synthesize Written Information: Simply Psychology
• Mapping of Synthesis Essay: University of Nevada, Reno
• Writing a Literature Review and Using a Synthesis Matrix: Florida International University
• Synthesis Essay: Cleveland State University
• Literature Review: Synthesizing Multiple Sources: Louisiana State University
• Writing a Conclusion: Texas Women’s University
• General APA Guidelines: Purdue University
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Mastering the art of crafting a stellar synthesis essay – top tips, techniques, and examples to boost your writing skills and academic success.

Are you ready to embark on a journey of discovery, where you meld ideas, thoughts, and arguments into a seamless tapestry? The synthesis essay offers you a unique opportunity to showcase your ability to synthesize various sources and present your ideas in a coherent and convincing manner. In this article, we will explore some tried-and-true strategies to help you master the art of crafting a compelling synthesis essay that will leave a lasting impression on your readers.

First and foremost, it is essential to develop a strong grasp of the central theme or topic of your essay. This theme serves as the thread that will tie all the different sources and ideas together. By understanding the underlying essence of your essay, you can better navigate through the vast sea of information and select the most relevant and persuasive sources to support your arguments.

Once you have identified the central theme, it is crucial to critically analyze the various sources at your disposal. Remember, the key is not just to summarize these sources but to analyze them in relation to your thesis statement. Look for patterns, contradictions, and connections between the different sources. Highlight the key arguments and evidence that are relevant to your essay’s central theme, and be prepared to present counterarguments that address opposing viewpoints.

Understand the Prompt

In order to write an effective synthesis essay, it is crucial to fully understand the prompt provided. The prompt serves as a guide, outlining the specific topic or issue that needs to be addressed in the essay.

When analyzing the prompt, it is important to carefully examine the keywords and phrases used. These words may provide valuable insight into the expectations of the essay and the specific elements that should be included. It is also crucial to identify any limitations or guidelines outlined in the prompt.

Understanding the prompt also involves determining the purpose of the essay. Is it meant to inform, persuade, or argue a specific point? By grasping the purpose, you can tailor your writing style and arguments to best meet the objectives of the prompt.

Additionally, it is essential to consider the context and audience of the essay. Who will be reading your essay? What are their expectations and knowledge on the topic? By considering these factors, you can better adjust your writing style and tone to effectively communicate your ideas.

Overall, understanding the prompt is the first step towards writing an effective synthesis essay. By carefully analyzing the prompt, identifying key elements, and considering the purpose and audience, you can ensure that your essay is well-focused, coherent, and meets the requirements of the assignment.

Conduct Thorough Research

When it comes to crafting a compelling and well-supported synthesis essay, conducting thorough research is crucial. A successful essay requires a deep understanding of the topic at hand, as well as a comprehensive exploration of different perspectives and sources. Simply put, conducting thorough research means digging deep and gathering a wide range of relevant and reliable information that will enrich your synthesis essay and make it more convincing.

Research is the foundation on which your essay will be built. It allows you to gather facts, statistics, and expert opinions that support your thesis and strengthen your arguments. By conducting thorough research, you can demonstrate your knowledge and expertise on the topic, as well as present a well-rounded perspective that takes into account different viewpoints and evidence.

It is essential to use a variety of sources during your research process. This includes academic journals, books, reputable websites, and studies conducted by experts in the field. By consulting a diverse range of sources, you can ensure that your synthesis essay is well-informed and comprehensive.

When conducting research, it is important to critically evaluate the sources you come across. Not all sources are created equal, and it is your responsibility as an essay writer to determine their credibility and reliability. Look for sources that are peer-reviewed, published by reputable scholars or organizations, and have a track record of accuracy and reliability.

In addition to gathering information from various sources, you should also take notes and organize your research in a systematic and structured manner. This will make it easier to refer back to specific information when writing your essay and ensure that you include all relevant facts and data in your synthesis.

In conclusion, conducting thorough research is a critical step in writing an effective synthesis essay. It enables you to gather a wealth of relevant information, evaluate its credibility, and present a well-informed and comprehensive perspective on the topic. By investing time and effort into research, you can ensure that your essay is well-supported, convincing, and showcases your knowledge and understanding of the subject matter.

Create a Strong Thesis Statement

One of the most essential elements for writing a successful synthesis essay is the creation of a strong thesis statement. A thesis statement serves as the guiding principle and main argument of your essay, offering a clear and focused direction for your synthesis. This statement should be concise and powerful, encapsulating the main idea or theme that you will explore throughout your essay.

To create a strong thesis statement, it is important to consider the main points or ideas that you want to convey in your essay. Think about the connections and relationships between these points, and how they contribute to the overall theme or argument of your synthesis. Your thesis statement should reflect these connections and provide a clear stance or perspective on the topic.

Additionally, your thesis statement should be specific and avoid vague or general language. It should clearly state your main argument or position, and highlight the unique perspective or insights that you will bring to the topic. Avoid using clichés or common phrases, as they can weaken the impact of your thesis statement.

Lastly, make sure that your thesis statement is arguable. A strong thesis statement should invite discussion and debate, rather than stating an obvious or universally agreed-upon fact. It should be a statement that can be supported or refuted through evidence and logical reasoning.

By creating a strong thesis statement, you lay the foundation for a compelling and cohesive synthesis essay. It will guide your writing process and help you maintain a clear focus throughout your essay. Take the time to craft a thesis statement that is powerful, specific, and arguable, and you will set yourself up for success in writing an effective synthesis essay.

Organize Your Ideas

When it comes to crafting a compelling synthesis essay, one of the most important steps is organizing your ideas. Effective organization ensures that your thoughts flow smoothly and cohesively, allowing your readers to easily follow your argument. By structuring your essay in a logical and coherent manner, you can effectively convey your message and make a strong impact.

A key aspect of organizing your ideas involves creating an outline. This serves as a roadmap for your essay, helping you to visualize the overall structure and flow of your argument. Start by brainstorming your main ideas and supporting evidence, then arrange them in a logical order. This can be done using a variety of methods, such as creating a mind map or a hierarchical list.

Once you have established your outline, it’s important to consider the most effective way to present your ideas. One option is to use a chronological or sequential order, where you present your arguments in a logical progression. Another option is to use a thematic approach, grouping related ideas together to create a cohesive narrative. Whichever approach you choose, make sure to clearly introduce each main point and provide sufficient evidence to support your claims.

In addition to organizing your ideas structurally, it’s also important to consider the cohesiveness of your writing. Use transitional words and phrases to guide your readers through your argument, signaling shifts in ideas or providing connections between different points. This will help your essay to flow smoothly and prevent any misunderstandings.

Lastly, don’t forget to revise and refine your organization as you go. After completing a first draft, take the time to review your essay and make any necessary adjustments. This may involve reordering paragraphs, adding or deleting sections, or rephrasing sentences for clarity. By continuously revising and refining your organization, you can ensure that your essay is well-structured and easy to follow.

By organizing your ideas effectively, you can elevate your synthesis essay and make a strong impression on your readers. Take the time to carefully plan and structure your argument, and you’ll be well on your way to writing an impactful and persuasive essay.

Use Evidence and Examples from Various Sources

One crucial aspect of writing a synthesis essay is the use of evidence and examples from different sources to support your claims and arguments. By drawing from a variety of sources, such as scholarly articles, books, interviews, and research studies, you can strengthen the validity and credibility of your essay.

When selecting evidence and examples, it’s important to consider the diversity of viewpoints and perspectives. Including evidence from multiple sources allows you to present a well-rounded argument and demonstrate that you have considered various opinions on the topic.

Moreover, using evidence and examples from different sources helps to avoid biases and ensure that your essay is objective and comprehensive. By incorporating a variety of sources, you can present a more balanced and informed analysis.

Additionally, when using evidence and examples, be sure to provide proper citations and references. This not only gives credit to the original authors but also strengthens the credibility of your essay. Make sure to follow the appropriate citation style, such as APA or MLA, and include in-text citations and a reference list or bibliography.

In conclusion, by utilizing evidence and examples from various sources, you can enhance the effectiveness of your synthesis essay. By incorporating different viewpoints and perspectives, avoiding biases, and providing proper citations, you can create a well-supported and persuasive argument.

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• Synthesizing Sources | Examples & Synthesis Matrix

Synthesizing Sources | Examples & Synthesis Matrix

Published on July 4, 2022 by Eoghan Ryan . Revised on May 31, 2023.

Synthesizing sources involves combining the work of other scholars to provide new insights. It’s a way of integrating sources that helps situate your work in relation to existing research.

Synthesizing sources involves more than just summarizing . You must emphasize how each source contributes to current debates, highlighting points of (dis)agreement and putting the sources in conversation with each other.

You might synthesize sources in your literature review to give an overview of the field or throughout your research paper when you want to position your work in relation to existing research.

Table of contents

Example of synthesizing sources, how to synthesize sources, synthesis matrix, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about synthesizing sources.

Let’s take a look at an example where sources are not properly synthesized, and then see what can be done to improve it.

This paragraph provides no context for the information and does not explain the relationships between the sources described. It also doesn’t analyze the sources or consider gaps in existing research.

Research on the barriers to second language acquisition has primarily focused on age-related difficulties. Building on Lenneberg’s (1967) theory of a critical period of language acquisition, Johnson and Newport (1988) tested Lenneberg’s idea in the context of second language acquisition. Their research seemed to confirm that young learners acquire a second language more easily than older learners. Recent research has considered other potential barriers to language acquisition. Schepens, van Hout, and van der Slik (2022) have revealed that the difficulties of learning a second language at an older age are compounded by dissimilarity between a learner’s first language and the language they aim to acquire. Further research needs to be carried out to determine whether the difficulty faced by adult monoglot speakers is also faced by adults who acquired a second language during the “critical period.”

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To synthesize sources, group them around a specific theme or point of contention.

As you read sources, ask:

• What questions or ideas recur? Do the sources focus on the same points, or do they look at the issue from different angles?
• How does each source relate to others? Does it confirm or challenge the findings of past research?
• Where do the sources agree or disagree?

Once you have a clear idea of how each source positions itself, put them in conversation with each other. Analyze and interpret their points of agreement and disagreement. This displays the relationships among sources and creates a sense of coherence.

Consider both implicit and explicit (dis)agreements. Whether one source specifically refutes another or just happens to come to different conclusions without specifically engaging with it, you can mention it in your synthesis either way.

Synthesize your sources using:

• Topic sentences to introduce the relationship between the sources
• Signal phrases to attribute ideas to their authors
• Transition words and phrases to link together different ideas

To more easily determine the similarities and dissimilarities among your sources, you can create a visual representation of their main ideas with a synthesis matrix . This is a tool that you can use when researching and writing your paper, not a part of the final text.

In a synthesis matrix, each column represents one source, and each row represents a common theme or idea among the sources. In the relevant rows, fill in a short summary of how the source treats each theme or topic.

This helps you to clearly see the commonalities or points of divergence among your sources. You can then synthesize these sources in your work by explaining their relationship.

If you want to know more about ChatGPT, AI tools , citation , and plagiarism , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

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Synthesizing sources means comparing and contrasting the work of other scholars to provide new insights.

It involves analyzing and interpreting the points of agreement and disagreement among sources.

You might synthesize sources in your literature review to give an overview of the field of research or throughout your paper when you want to contribute something new to existing research.

A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources (such as books, journal articles, and theses) related to a specific topic or research question .

It is often written as part of a thesis, dissertation , or research paper , in order to situate your work in relation to existing knowledge.

Topic sentences help keep your writing focused and guide the reader through your argument.

In an essay or paper , each paragraph should focus on a single idea. By stating the main idea in the topic sentence, you clarify what the paragraph is about for both yourself and your reader.

At college level, you must properly cite your sources in all essays , research papers , and other academic texts (except exams and in-class exercises).

Add a citation whenever you quote , paraphrase , or summarize information or ideas from a source. You should also give full source details in a bibliography or reference list at the end of your text.

The exact format of your citations depends on which citation style you are instructed to use. The most common styles are APA , MLA , and Chicago .

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If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Ryan, E. (2023, May 31). Synthesizing Sources | Examples & Synthesis Matrix. Scribbr. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/working-with-sources/synthesizing-sources/

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