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What is a PhD?

Hasna Haidar

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• Introduction

PhD admission requirements

Phd applications, can i apply for a phd without relevant qualifications, phds through mphil, starting a phd, alternatives to a phd, degrees higher than a phd.

Do you have a love of wisdom and a clear field of academic interest? If so, a PhD might be the right choice for you. But what is a PhD, and how can you get one?

PhD is short for Doctor of Philosophy. This is an academic or professional degree that, in most countries, qualifies the degree holder to teach their chosen subject at university level or to work in a specialized position in their chosen field.

The word ‘philosophy’ comes from the Ancient Greek philosophia , literally translated as ‘love of wisdom’. It originally signified an individual who had achieved a comprehensive general education in the fundamental issues of the present world. Today, the Doctor of Philosophy still requires a love of wisdom but applies to individuals who have pursued knowledge in a much more specialized field.     

A PhD is a globally recognized postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities and higher education institutions to a candidate who has submitted a thesis or dissertation, based on extensive and original research in their chosen field. The specificities of PhD degrees vary depending on where you are and what subject you’re studying.

In general, however, the PhD is the highest level of degree a student can achieve (with some exceptions). It usually follows a master’s degree, although some institutions also allow students to progress straight to a PhD from their bachelor’s degree. Some institutions also offer the opportunity to ‘upgrade’ or ‘fast-track’ your master’s degree to a PhD, provided you are deemed to possess the necessary grades, knowledge, skills and research abilities.

Traditionally, a PhD involves three to four years of full-time study in which the student completes a substantial piece of original research presented as a thesis or dissertation. Some PhD programs accept a portfolio of published papers, while some countries require coursework to be submitted as well.

Students must also complete a ‘viva voce’ or oral defense of their PhD. This can be with just a small number of examiners, or in front of a large examination panel (both usually last between one to three hours). While PhD students are traditionally expected to study on campus under close supervision, distance education and e-learning schemes have meant a growing number of universities are now accepting part-time and distance-learning PhD students. 

Generally speaking,   PhD admission requirements   relate to the candidate’s grades (usually at both bachelor’s level and master’s level) and their potential research capabilities. Most institutions require that candidates hold an honors degree or a master’s degree with high academic standing, along with a bachelor’s degree with at least upper second-class honors. In some cases, you can also apply for a PhD simply on the basis of your master’s degree grades. Grades-based PhD admission requirements may also be based on the type of funding you will be using – you may be able apply with lower grades if you self-fund your PhD (read more on PhD funding  here ).

Some institutions and subjects (such as psychology and some humanities and science subjects) stipulate that you must find a tenured professor in your chosen institution to serve as your formal advisor and supervisor throughout your PhD program before you can be formally accepted into the program. In other cases, you will be assigned a supervisor based on your research subject and methodology once you have been accepted into the PhD program.

Either way, it is a good idea to approach a faculty member in your chosen institution before applying for a PhD, in order for them to determine whether your research interests align well with the department, and perhaps even help you to brainstorm PhD research options.

Language proficiency

Some PhD applications require proof of proficiency in the language in which you intend to study. You can either provide the results of an approved standardized language exam or show evidence of having completed undergraduate or postgraduate study in the relevant language.

Employment/academic references

Some institutions may also ask for a record of your employment such as a résumé, and/or all your academic transcripts, including details of course modules and module content as part of your PhD application. Details of other research projects you have completed and any publications you have been featured in can also help your application.

Many PhD applicants are also asked to provide references from two or three people who know them well in an academic setting, such as their undergraduate or postgraduate tutors or professors. These references must have a particular focus on your academic performance, coursework and research abilities, your research potential and your interest in your chosen field of study.

Personal statements

Many institutions ask for a personal statement - a short essay which you can use to demonstrate your passion for your chosen subject. You can outline your reasons for wanting to study a PhD, personal motivations for doing so, any extracurricular activities that are particularly relevant or should be highlighted, and any flexibility in your chosen area(s) of research. If you need help, many institutions have a guide to personal statements on their website, which can also help you tailor your personal statement to each institution.

PhD research proposals

Finally, in order to be considered for a place on a PhD program, applicants are expected to submit a PhD research proposal. A research proposal:

• Outlines your proposed research topics in the context of previous work,
• Highlights your awareness of current debates within the field,
• Demonstrates a suitable level of analysis,
• Identifies relevant gaps in current knowledge,
• Suggests a relevant research hypothesis to fill some of these gaps,
• Explains your intended research methodology in sufficient detail,
• Discusses the implications to real-world policy that your PhD proposal may invite.

This will help admissions tutors to assess your aptitude for PhD research, and also to determine whether your research interests align with their own research priorities and available facilities. They will also consider whether they have the relevant staff to provide you sufficient supervisory expertise.

For this reason in particular, it is important to research institutions thoroughly before applying for a PhD. Not only will you be happier if your research interests fit in with those of your chosen institution, but institutions may be forced to reject your application simply on the basis of discrepancies between their research interests and yours. Note that this initial research proposal is not necessarily binding – it is usually a starting point from which to further develop your research idea.

Some subject areas (such as science and engineering) do not ask for original research proposals. Instead, the institution presents a selection of PhD research projects which are formulated by the supervisor(s) concerned and peer reviewed. This may be done at a certain time of year or year-round, depending on the institution. Students can then submit a statement demonstrating a clear understanding of the research to be undertaken and their suitability to undertake it.

These PhD research projects may also have been formulated in consultation with another organization that may provide funding/scholarships for the successful candidate. These pre-defined PhD projects are less common in arts, humanities and social sciences subjects, where it’s more common for students to submit their own proposals.

If you wish to do a PhD but do not have the relevant qualifications or their equivalent, you may still be able to apply for a PhD program by fulfilling additional requirements as stipulated by your institution of choice. Some possible requirements could be to undertake specified extra study or passing a qualifying examination.

You may also be able to make a special case to your chosen institution, either on the basis of a non-degree professional qualification and considerable practical experience, or on the basis of foreign qualifications. Special case PhD applications will require the strong backing of your potential supervisor, so you will need to seek his/her advice and support before applying in this manner.

Another option available for potential PhD candidates is to apply as a general research student or for an  MPhil degree . This is a common path taken by PhD candidates. The MPhil is an advanced master’s degree awarded for research and can be suitable for students who do not have a strong research background. You will be required to take some taught courses to get you up to speed with things like research methods.

The successful completion of a one-year taught program may lead to the award of the MRes degree, which includes more taught components than the MPhil and can be awarded in lieu of a PhD for students who have not completed the required period of study for a PhD. Alternatively, the successful completion of original research may lead to the award of the MPhil degree, which can be awarded without the candidate having to present a defense of their dissertation (a requirement to achieve a PhD).

If, after the first or second year of your research (i.e. during your MPhil), the institution is satisfied with the progress of your work, you may then be able to apply for full PhD registration. Usually, your supervisor or tutor will be in charge of determining whether you are ready to progress to a PhD. If you’re deemed to be ready, you will then need to develop a title for your thesis and choose your PhD program.

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When registration has been completed you should be officially informed of: your supervisor(s) and their area(s) of expertise; the topic or field of PhD research for which you have been accepted; the minimum length of time required before submission of your thesis; the formal assessment methods preferred by the institution.

Most institutions will also provide you with a comprehensive list of provisions and available facilities for PhD and research students at the university. They will also include a detailed outline of the milestones you must reach on your journey to achieve a PhD. Your supervisor will be in charge of going through these milestones with you, making reports on your progress, and advising you on your next steps. You will need to make adequate progress each year in order to continue your PhD studies.

When looking for PhD programs, keep in mind that there are several types of degrees which have the term “doctor” in their title, such as the Juris Doctor (common in the US, Canada, Australia, Mexico and parts of Asia), the Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) or the Doctor of Pharmacy (DPharm) and the US and Canada version of the Doctor of Medicine (MD).

These degrees are generally not classified as PhDs as they lack that vital component that really defines the PhD: academic research. These other types of doctorate degrees are instead referred to as entry-level doctorate degrees. Candidates who wish to pursue a PhD may do so afterwards, and this may be known as a ‘post-professional doctorate’.

Neither the JD nor the US/Canada MD programs universally require students to complete a specified academic research component in order to be awarded the degree title. However, there are also many research degrees, such as the MD, which conduct scholarly research (medical in the case of the MD) which is published in peer-reviewed journals. This makes them very similar to PhDs, and some countries consider them equivalent. Some institutions therefore offer combined professional and research training degrees, such as the MD-PhD dual program, which is useful for medical professionals looking to pursue a research career.

In addition to various degrees which may be considered equivalent to a PhD, there are also some ‘higher doctorate’ courses considered to be a step above the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). These are most common in UK universities and in some European countries, although they are increasingly awarded as honorary degrees. The US does not have a system of higher doctorates and offer the titles solely as honorary degrees. Honorary degrees are sometimes signified by adding ‘hc’ (for  honoris causa ) to the end of the degree title.

Some higher doctorate degrees include:

• Doctor of Science (DS/SD): Awarded in recognition of a substantial and sustained contribution to scientific knowledge beyond that required for a PhD.
• Doctor of Literature/Letters (DLit/DLitt/LitD): Awarded in recognition of achievement in the humanities or for original contribution to the creative arts.
• Doctor of Divinity (DD): Awarded above the Doctor of Theology (DTh), usually to recognize the recipient’s ministry-oriented accomplishments.
• Doctor of Music (DMus): Awarded in the UK, Ireland and some Commonwealth countries on the basis of a substantial portfolio of compositions and/or scholarly publications on music.
• Doctor of Civil Law (DCL): Highest doctorate excepting the DD, offered on the basis of exceptionally insightful and distinctive publications that contain significant and original contributions to the study of law or politics in general.

This article was first published in February 2014 and most recently updated in January 2020.

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What is a PhD?

• Types of Doctorates
• A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) is the highest globally recognized postgraduate degree that higher education institutions can award.
• PhDs are awarded to candidates who undertake original and extensive research in a particular field of study.
• Full time PhD programmes typically last three to four years, whilst part time PhD programmes typically last six to seven years.
• A PhD can lead to an academia teaching role or a career in research. A PhD can also equip you with skills suitable for a wide range of jobs unrelated to your research topic or academia.

Definition of a PhD – A Doctor of Philosophy (commonly abbreviated to PhD , Ph.D or a DPhil ) is a university research degree awarded from across a broad range of academic disciplines; in most countries, it is a terminal degree, i.e. the highest academic degree possible.

PhDs differ from undergraduate and master’s degrees in that PhDs are entirely research-based rather than involving taught modules (although doctoral training centres (DTCs) offer programmes that start with a year of lecture-based teaching to help develop your research skills prior to starting your project).

In most English-speaking countries, those that complete a PhD use the title “Doctor” (typically abbreviated to Dr) in front of their names and are referred to as such within academic and/or research settings. Those that work in fields outside of academia may decide not to use the formal doctor title but use post-nominal letters (e.g. John Smith PhD); it’s unusual though for someone to use both the Doctor title and post-nominal letters in their name.

PhD vs Doctorate

A PhD and a professional doctorate are both research-based terminal degrees.

However, where a PhD focuses on original research mostly around theoretical concepts, a professional doctorate focuses on examining existing knowledge to solve real-life, practical problems.

While there is much crossover between the two, a PhD is generally better suited for an individual to wants to advance the knowledge and understanding in their field, and a professional doctorate degree is better suited to a working professional who wants to better be able to apply knowledge and understanding to their field.

What Are the Entry Requirements for a PhD?

To be accepted on to a PhD programme, students usually need to hold at least a high ( 2:1 and above ) undergraduate degree that is related to the field of research that they want to pursue. A PhD candidate may also be expected to hold a Master’s degree , however, this does not mean you must have one, as it is still possible to enrol into a PhD without a Master’s .

Self-funded courses may sometimes be more relaxed in relation to entry requirements . It may be possible to be accepted onto a self-funded PhD programme with lower grades, though these students typically demonstrate their suitability for the role through professional work experience.

Whilst a distance learning project is possible , most PhD candidates will carry out their research over at least three years based at their university, with regular contact with two academic supervisors (primary and secondary). This is particularly the case for lab-based projects, however, some PhD projects require spending time on-site away from university (e.g. at a specialist research lab or at a collaborating institution abroad).

How Long Does a PhD Take?

Typically, full-time PhDs last 3-4 years and part-time PhDs last 6-7 years. However, at the discretion of the university, the thesis writing-up period can be extended by up to four years.

Although most doctoral programmes start in September or October, they are generally much more flexible than taught-courses and can start at any time of the year.

How Much Does a PhD Cost?

Tuition fees for UK and EU students vary between £3,000 and £6,000 per year, with the average tuition fee of £4,712 per year for 2023/24 programmes.

Tuition fees increase considerably for international students, varying between £16,000 to £25,000 per year, with an average tuition fee of £19,600 per year .

Nonetheless, most students will secure PhD funding in the form of studentships, scholarships and bursaries to help pay for these fees. These funding opportunities can either be partial, which cover tuition fees only, or full, which cover both tuition fees and living expenses.

UK national students can also apply for Doctoral Loans from Student Finance England if they are unable to secure funding.

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

What Does a PhD Involve?

To be awarded a PhD, a doctoral student is required to produce a substantial body of work that adds new knowledge to their chosen field.

A PhD programme will typically involve four key stages:

Stage 1: Literature Review

The first year of a PhD involves attending regular meetings with your supervisors and carrying out a search on previously published work in your subject area. This search will be used to produce a literature review which should set the context of the project by explaining the foundation of what is currently known within the field of research, what recent developments have occurred, and where the gaps in knowledge are. In most cases, this will be an extension of your research proposal should you have produced one as part of your application. The literature review should conclude by outlining the overarching aims and objectives of the research project. This stage of setting achievable goals which are original and contribute to the field of research is an essential first step in a successful PhD.

The supervisor is the main point of contact through the duration of a PhD – but remember: they are there to mentor, not to teach, or do it for you . It will be your responsibility to plan, execute and monitor your own work as well as to identify gaps in your own knowledge and address them.

Stage 2: Research

The second year (and prehapse some of your third year) is when you work on your research. Having identified novel research questions from your review of the literature, this is where you collect your data to help answer these questions. How you do this will depend on the nature of your doctoral research: for example, you may design and run experiments in a lab alongside other PhD students or visit excavation sites in remote regions of the world. You should check in regularly with your supervisors to update them and run any ideas or issues past them.

Have the structure and chapters of your thesis in mind as you develop and tackle your research questions. Working with a view of publishing your work will be very valuable later on.

Stage 3: Write up of Thesis

The next key stage of a PhD is writing a doctoral thesis , which typically takes from anywhere between three months to one year. A thesis is a substantial body of work that describes the work and outcomes of the research over the previous two to three years. It should tell a detailed story of the PhD project – focusing on:

• The motivations for the research questions identified from the literature review.
• The methodologies used, results obtained, and a comprehensive analysis and discussion of the findings.
• A detailed discussion of the key findings with an emphasis on the original contributions made to your field of research and how this has been impactful.

There is no universal rule for the length of a PhD thesis, but general guidelines set the word count between 80,000 to 100,000 words.

For your thesis to be successful, it needs to adequately defend your argument and provide a unique or increased insight into your field that was not previously available.

Stage 4: Attending the Viva

A viva voce , most commonly referred to as just a ‘ viva ‘, is an interview-style examination where the PhD student is required to engage in a critical appraisal of their work and defend their thesis against at least two examiners. The examiners will ask questions to check the PhD student has an in-depth understanding of the ideas and theories proposed in their thesis, and whether they have developed the research skills that would be expected of them.

The viva is one of the final steps in achieving a PhD, and typically lasts at least two hours, but this duration can vary depending on the examiners, the university and the PhD project itself.

Once you have done the viva – you’re on the home stretch. You will typically be asked to make some amendments to your thesis based on the examiner’s feedback. You are then ready to submit your final thesis for either:

• PhD – If you pass the requirements you will be awarded a PhD degree (most common outcome),
• MPhil – If you failed to meet requirements for a PhD, you may be downgraded to an MPhil degree (uncommon outcome),
• Fail – No award is given, typically for cases of plagiarism (extremely uncommon outcome).

What Is It Like to Undertake a PhD?

We’re often asked what it is like to undertake a PhD study. Unfortunately, this isn’t a simple answer to this question as every research project is different.

To help give insight into the life of a PhD student, we’ve interviewed PhD students at various stages of their programmes and put together a series of PhD Student Interviews . Check out the link to find out what a PhD is like and what advice they have to offer you.

What Are the Benefits of A PhD?

A PhD is the highest globally recognised postgraduate degree that higher education institutions can award. The degree, which is awarded to candidates who demonstrate original and independent research in a particular field of study, is not only invaluable in itself, but sets you up with invaluable skills and traits.

Career Opportunities

First, a PhD prepares you for a career in academia if you wish to continue in this area. This takes form as a career in the Higher Education sector, typically as a lecturer working their way to becoming a professor leading research on the subject you’ve studied and trained in.

Second, a PhD also enables the opportunity for landing a job in a research & development role outside of the academic environment. Examples of this include laboratory work for a private or third sector company, a governmental role and research for commercial and industrial applications.

Transferable Skills

Finally, in possessing a PhD degree, you can show to employers that you have vital skills that make you an asset to any company. Three examples of the transferable skills that you gain through a PhD are effective communication, time management, and report writing.

• Communication – presenting your work in written and oral forms using journal papers and podium presentations, shows your ability to share complex ideas effectively and to those with less background knowledge than you. Communication is key in the professional environment, regardless of the job.
• Time management – The ability to prioritise and organise tasks is a tremendous asset in the professional industry. A PhD holder can use their qualification to demonstrate that they are able to manage their time, arrange and follow a plan, and stick to deadlines.
• Report writing – Condensing three years of work into a thesis demonstrates your ability to filter through massive amounts of information, identify the key points, and get these points across to the reader. The ability to ‘cut out the waffle’ or ‘get to the point’ is a huge asset in the professional industry.

Aside from the above, you also get to refer to yourself as a Doctor and add fancy initials after your name!

What Can I Do After a PhD?

One of the most desirable postdoctoral fields is working within independent Research and Development (R&D) labs and new emerging companies. Both industries, especially R&D labs, have dedicated groups of PhD graduates who lead research activities, design new products and take part in crucial strategic meetings. Not only is this a stimulating line of work, but the average salaries in R&D labs and emerging start-ups are lucrative. In comparison, an undergraduate with five years of experience within their given field will, on average, likely earn less than a new PhD graduate taking on a R&D position.

It’s a common misunderstanding that PhDs only opens the door for an academic career such as university lecturers and training providers. Although obtaining a PhD opens these doors, the opportunities extend far beyond educational roles. In fact, recent data from the UK’s Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) indicates only 23% of PhD graduates take a position in educational roles . This low percentage is primarily because PhD graduates have a wide range of skills that make them suitable for a broad spectrum of roles. This is being seen first hand by the increasing number of PhD graduates who are entering alternative roles such as research, writing, law and investment banking.

How Do I Find a PhD?

We appreciate that finding a PhD programme to undertake can be a relatively daunting process. According to Higher Education Student Statistics , over 22,000 PhDs were awarded in 2016/17 within the United Kingdom alone. Clearly there are a huge number of PhD programmes available. This can sometimes be confusing for prospective doctorates, particularly when different programmes are advertised in different places. Often, it is difficult to know where to look or where to even start. We’ve put together a list of useful sources to find the latest PhD programmes:

• A great place to start is with our comprehensive and up-to-date database of available PhD positions .
• Assuming you are still at university, speak to an existing PhD supervisor within your department.
• Attend as many postgraduate open days as you can. Whilst there, speak to current PhD students and career advisors to get an awareness of what PhDs are on offer.
• Visit the postgraduate section of university websites and the PhD Research Council section of the UKRI website.

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• PhD Types - Understanding Different Doctoral Degrees

Types of PhD

When is a 'PhD' not a PhD? When it's a DPhil, DBA, EdD or other type of doctorate degree.

The traditional PhD (or 'Doctor of Philosophy') is the best-known advanced research qualification, but several other types of doctoral degree exist. Some of these are academic qualifications in specific subject areas. Others are professional doctorates with a slightly different format.

The way in which candidates study for a PhD is also becoming more varied, with the opportunity to research part time or even pursue a joint doctorate degree , awarded by more than one university.

But there's no need to be confused. This page explains and compares the options available to you.

Not sure where to start? Read our step by step guide to finding the right PhD .

Designed for experienced managers and business leaders, the DBA is a prestigious and highly-specialised professional doctoral degree.

Ideal for senior teachers and policy makers, an Education Doctorate combines advanced training with original research.

Joint PhD programmes involve collaboration between two (or more) different universities. So how does that work? Who can apply? And what are the advantages (and disadvantages) of researching in this way?

The PhD is the most common variety of doctorate, but others are awarded in specific disciplines or sometimes particular countries.

Integrated PhD programmes consist of a one-year Masters followed by three years of PhD research. Find out more about what it's like to study an integrated PhD, how to apply and the funding options available.

Thinking of applying for the Doctor of Engineering (EngD)? Our guide covers everything you need to know about the qualification, including costs, applications, programme content, and how it differs from a PhD.

Comparing PhD types

Wondering which type of doctorate degree is right for you? The following table offers a quick overview of the most common types of PhD and other doctorates:

Please note that this table doesn't include every type of doctorate. Many other subjects (and countries ) award their own specific qualifications, but we've covered some of the most popular here.

You can more about some of these degree types in our guide to different varieties of doctorate .

Understanding this table

The doctorates in the above table are divided into different types, as follows:

• Academic doctorates (such as the standard PhD) are usually awarded for original research and scholarship in traditional academic subjects. They can prepare a student for various careers, but their main focus is on broadening theoretical understanding of a subject, rather than improving professional practice.
• Professional doctorates are awarded for work that contributes directly to knowledge or practice in a specific vocational field. They still involve original research and analysis, but also incorporate more practical training and instruction. Candidates may require appropriate experience.
• Higher doctorates are usually awarded later in a person's career, as a means of recognising esteemed researchers or practitioners. Students do not normally enrol for these doctorates as traditional university degrees.
• Honorary doctorates are awarded to celebrate an individual's achievements. They do not require any specific track record of academic or professional work and can be granted at the discretion of a university. Students do not enrol for these doctorates.

As a prospective postgraduate student, you only really need to concern yourself with academic or professional research degrees.

We've included higher and honorary doctorates here in order to try and prevent them being confused with more 'conventional' PhDs (and to give you some inspiration for later in your career!).

DPhil vs PhD

Many people believe that the DPhil and PhD are different degrees. This is not true. ‘DPhil’ is an abbreviation of ‘Doctor of Philosophy’. Essentially, ‘DPhil’ and ‘PhD’ are two different ways of referring to the same doctoral degree.

‘DPhil’ is traditionally a British term and so only a few universities (most notably, the University of Oxford) still use it. Most universities around the world use the term ‘PhD’. While you might have to explain to a foreign employer what a DPhil is, you can be safe in the knowledge that both degrees are the same prestigious Doctor of Philosophy award.

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PhD Full Form: Courses List, Subjects, Colleges [2024]

Kopal Srivastava Aug 12, 2024 1.5K Reads

The full form of a PhD is a Doctor of Philosophy and it is a doctorate program. The duration to complete the program is a minimum of 3-5 years and you extend up to 7 years. It also stands for DPhil or  D.Phil in some countries. A PhD holder can use the title 'Dr.' before their name.

It's considered the highest level of qualification in many fields. The program involves years of study, research, and publishing work. Completing a PhD typically requires coursework, exams, and a thesis. It usually takes at least three years to complete a PhD.

What is the objective of a PhD Program? 

PhD is a prestigious academic degree offered by universities worldwide. Its main aim is to train the future generation of researchers and scientists.

Students with a PhD have many opportunities in today's world. After earning their degree, they should assess their skills and apply for jobs based on their interests and expertise. Knowing their area of interest helps them find a suitable job.

PhD holders can work as lecturers or professors, in human services, as novelists or writers, journalists, editors, critics, philosophical journalists, researchers, scientists, or independent consultants. They can find roles in various sectors, from finance to the public sector.

What are the Eligibility Criteria to pursue a PhD Program?

To pursue a PhD Program, you must fulfill the eligibility criteria mentioned below :

• To pursue a PhD, a Master's degree in the same field is necessary.
• Some universities may require an MPhil as well.
• Colleges accept candidates who have cleared UGC NET.
• Candidates in Engineering must have a valid GATE score.

What is the UGC-NET Exam? 

The CSIR UGC NET is an entrance exam for Indian nationals to qualify for Junior Research Fellowships and Lectureship or Assistant Professor positions in Indian universities and colleges. Candidates must meet the eligibility criteria set by UGC.

Some of the Important Dates regarding the PhD Entrance Exam are mentioned below :

PhD Entrance Exam Syllabus of Delhi University

The entrance exam of Delhi University for PhD is divided into 2 parts. Each part holds a weightage of 50 percent marks. 

What are those subjects in which PhD degree is offered? 

There are various subjects that can be opted by you if you are thinking of pursuing a PhD program.

Some of those subjects are mentioned below :

• Engineering
• Mathematics
• Biochemistry
• Biotechnology
• Management of Health Care
• Organizational Behavior

What is the admission procedure for a PhD Program?

Follow the simple steps below to learn the admission procedure of a PhD Program :

• Visit the university’s official website and review the PhD course details. Select your research area.
• Watch for admission advertisements in newspapers or on the university's website. Fill out the application form for your chosen course. Admission notifications are usually released 4-5 months before the course starts.
• Fill out and submit your application form as per the institute's schedule. Ensure you pay the application fee on time and submit all required documents.
• Some institutes require a research proposal with the application form. Submit the application form and research proposal to the Research Unit for review.
• After reviewing the applications, institutes shortlist candidates for entrance exams and other admission rounds.
• Candidates selected for PhD programs are assigned supervisors or guides for their research.

What is a PhD Research Proposal? 

A research proposal outlines the direction of your future research, focusing on a research question and a chapter-by-chapter approach to addressing it. In PhD applications, the proposal is evaluated to determine if the project can be completed within three years of full-time research. 

What to include in your Research Proposal? 

• Outline your proposed research topics, considering previous work.
• Highlight your awareness of current debates within the field.
• Demonstrate a suitable level of analysis.
• Identify relevant gaps in current knowledge.
• Suggest a research hypothesis to fill some of these gaps.
• Explain your intended research methodology in detail.
• Discuss the real-world policy implications of your PhD proposal.

What are Some of the popular PhD Programs? 

Some of the popular PhD programs according to the streams are written below. You can choose anyone of your choice. 

What are the types of Research Scholars? 

• Government or Semi-Government Fellowship Recipients :  PhD scholars in this category receive financial assistance through government or semi-government fellowship schemes. 
• Institute Research Scholars with Teaching Assistance :  PhD aspirants in this category receive Institute Teaching Assistantships as specified by the MHRD. Indian Self-financed Candidates: These candidates are admitted to PhD programs based on their track record and experience, but they do not receive financial assistance from the institute. 
• Foreign Self-financed Candidates :   Admission for these candidates is facilitated through their respective country's embassy after obtaining a no-objection certificate from the MHRD and other necessary approvals. 
• Sponsored Candidates :  PhD aspirants sponsored by recognized Research and Development organizations conduct full-time research at the institute. 
• Study Leave Candidates :  These candidates are granted study leave by their government institutes, companies, or educational institutions for research at the specified institute for less than three years. A letter of leave from the candidate's institute or company is required for admission.
• ICCR Awardees :  Foreign candidates sponsored by their governments are awarded PhD seats under the Indian Council of Cultural Relations (ICCR) scholarship category if they have been awarded the scholarship by their government.

What are the advantages of pursuing a PhD program?

Students with a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) have many opportunities. After earning their degree, they should assess their skills and interests to find suitable jobs. Knowing their interests helps in finding a good job.

PhD holders can work as lecturers or professors, in human services, as novelists or writers, journalists, editors, or critics, as philosophical journalists, researchers, scientists, or independent consultants. They can work in finance, public sector, and more.

Stream Wise Syllabus of PhD Program

PhD or Doctor of Philosophy, courses are offered in many fields. Some major streams include Science, Arts and Humanities, and Management. There are many PhD courses available in India. The table below shows the syllabus for some PhD courses by stream:

• Science Stream :  Check the table below to know the topics you will get to learn in the science stream 

• Management Stream :  Check the table below to know the topics you will get to learn in the Management stream 

• Art and Humanities Stream :  Check the table below to know the topics you will get to learn in the Art and Humanities stream

What is the Course Structure of a PhD Program?

• The research proposal and research topic must be submitted by candidates who are chosen for PhD programs. They are then given a research guide or supervisor.
• The coordinator or supervisor of the research program provides information on the courses, assessment procedures, and teaching schedule. Researchers are required to provide progress reports every six months.
• In addition to submitting a certificate to the Research Unit, PhD candidates are required to present in at least two seminars. Before turning in their thesis, they must furthermore present a certificate and at least one research paper that has been published in a peer-reviewed publication.
• The supervisor arranges a seminar before the submission of the thesis. The final thesis must take into account the suggestions for improvement made in this seminar.
• A thesis summary must be sent to the supervisor of the candidate at least forty-five days before the final submission. The thesis is then reviewed by outside specialists in both hard copy and soft copy versions. Should changes be recommended, the candidate is required to submit a revised thesis.
• Candidates present their theses before a panel of experts during a viva voce. A PhD degree is only granted to people who successfully finish all of these processes.

Who should opt for a PhD Program? 

A doctor of philosophy degree is recommended for those who wish to work in academics or research (PhD). A PhD enables people to learn more about a subject they are passionate about. It gives those who deserve it a sense of pride and respect.

Students who are unsure about whether a PhD is suited for them may seek advice from teachers and previous PhD candidates. Understanding what PhD degrees include may be gained by investigating various PhD programs. Students who have a clear comprehension of the framework can decide whether or not to pursue a PhD.

What are the different modes of a PhD Program?

There are different modes of a PhD Program. Some of them are mentioned below  :

Regular PhD Program 

A full-time PhD is a standard Doctor of Philosophy program that lasts about 4 to 6 years. It is the most expensive type of PhD program. Government and semi-government fellowship recipients, institute research scholars with teaching assistance, and self-financed candidates usually prefer full-time PhD programs.

Part-Time PhD Program 

PhD programs can also be done part-time. Candidates working in reputed research organizations, academic institutes, or industries near the campus are usually granted part-time PhDs. A part-time PhD takes 7-8 years to complete, as students must fulfill the same academic credits and requirements as full-time students.

Part-time PhD students attend a limited number of classes. They must have at least 1 year of work experience and an NOC from their employer. Part-time Ph.D. focuses on research that benefits the company rather than individual research.

Online PhD Program 

Online PhD program is not UGC-approved in India and hence it is not offered by any Indian universities but if you are looking out for an option for an Online PhD program, you can opt for its alternative and that alternative is an Online DBA.

It is also a doctorate program and it can be done online without visiting college daily. Moreover, it also adds up the “Dr” title before your name. There are various universities offering you an Online DBA. Some of them are mentioned below 

Colleges offering a PhD Program 

There are various government and private colleges offering you a PhD Program. Some of them are mentioned below :

• Government Colleges :  Fees of government colleges are still less expensive than in comparison to private colleges. 

• Private Colleges :  The fees of private colleges are a little high in comparison to the government colleges fees.

NOTE - It is advised that you must check the fees before enrolling as fees change from time to time.  

What is the career scope after completing a PhD Program? 

Once you complete a PhD program, you can apply to various job roles. Moreover, the “Dr” title will be added to your name.

Some of the job roles are mentioned below :

• Research Scientist (Government/Private Institutions)
• University Professor/Lecturer
• Postdoctoral Researcher (Postdoc)
• Science/Research Consultant
• Science Writer/Editor
• Data Scientist (Industry)
• Product Manager (Industry)

Check the table below to know the average salaries earned by the graduates of the program :

The average salary that you can earn after completing the program is INR 4,00,000 - INR 10,00,000. Salaries also depend upon factors such as location, company, experience, knowledge, and many more. It is to be noted that in some countries Doctor of Literature is considered above than PhD program. 

Moreover, various top recruiters hire you once you complete your program. Moreover, the salaries of graduates of a PhD program according to the cities are mentioned below. 

Can I apply for a PhD without relevant qualifications?

If you lack the necessary qualifications for a PhD, you might still qualify by meeting additional requirements set by your chosen institution. These requirements could include extra study or passing a qualifying exam.

Alternatively, you might make a special case to your institution based on non-degree professional qualifications or significant practical experience, or foreign qualifications.

Special case PhD applications will need strong support from your potential supervisor, so seek their advice and backing before applying in this manner.

Is there a Degree higher than a Ph.D? 

Some degrees are considered higher than a PhD and are awarded for significant contributions in specific fields. These are common in UK and some European universities, often given as honorary degrees in the US.

Higher doctorate degrees include -

• Doctor of Science (DS/SD) :  Given for significant contributions to scientific knowledge beyond a PhD.
• Doctor of Literature/Letters (DLit/DLitt/LitD) :  Awarded for achievements in humanities or creative arts.
• Doctor of Divinity (DD)  : Recognizes ministry-oriented accomplishments, higher than a Doctor of Theology.
• Doctor of Music (DMus)  : Awarded based on a substantial portfolio of compositions or scholarly publications on music.
• Doctor of Civil Law (DCL) :  Among the highest doctorates, granted for exceptional and original contributions to law or politics.

PhDs through M.Phil

Potential PhD candidates have the option to apply as general research students or for an MPhil degree. The MPhil is an advanced master’s degree awarded for research, suitable for students without a strong research background.

Candidates may need to take taught courses to learn research methods. Completion of a one-year taught program may lead to an MRes degree, with more taught components than the MPhil.

MRes can be awarded instead of a PhD if the required period of study for a PhD is not completed. Completion of original research may lead to the award of the MPhil degree without defending the dissertation.

After the first or second year of research (during MPhil), if the institution is satisfied with progress, candidates can apply for full PhD registration. Supervisor or tutor determines readiness to progress to a PhD. Candidates develop a thesis title and choose a PhD program if deemed ready. 

Conclusion 

The full form of a PhD is a Doctor of Philosophy and it is a doctorate program. The duration to complete the program is a minimum of 3-5 years and you extend up to 7 years. It also stands for DPhil or  D.Phil in some countries. A PhD holder can use the title 'Dr.' before their name. Moreover, if you want to pursue an Online PhD that is not approved by the UGC (University Grants Commission) you can opt for its alternative which is an Online DBA. It stands for Doctor of Business Administration and it is also a doctorate program and adds up the “Dr” title before your name. 

FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

⭐ will i be paid for phd.

A lot of doctoral schools do provide stipends. Amounts are degree-specific. NET JRF qualifying recipients receive INR 31,000 from the University Grants Commission each month.

⭐ What distinguishes a doctorate in the social sciences from one in the sciences?

A PhD in the social sciences is qualitative, such as in history and sociology. Science PhDs, such as those in chemistry and physics, are quantitative and need experimentation.

⭐ What qualifications are needed to become a professor?

A PhD from an accredited university and a minimum of ten years of teaching experience are prerequisites. Strong research abilities and published work are also requirements.

⭐ What kinds of jobs are available to those who complete a PhD?

You can pursue post-doctoral research, work in academia or research, or work as a consultant for think tanks and non-governmental organizations.

⭐ What is the full form for a PhD?

A PhD stands for a doctorate in philosophy.

⭐ Is someone with a PhD a doctor?

A doctorate degree does entitle you to use the title doctor “Dr”. 

⭐ Can I pursue a PhD right after completing 12th grade?

A master's degree is required in order to pursue a PhD.

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Home » Full Forms » PhD Full Form, All You Need to Know About Ph.D.

PhD Full Form, All You Need to Know About Ph.D.

PhD Full Form

PhD stands for “Doctor of Philosophy”. It is an advanced academic degree that signifies the highest level of expertise and achievement in a particular field of study. While the title “Doctor of Philosophy” may sound philosophical, it is not limited to the study of philosophy but encompasses a wide range of academic disciplines. In this article, we will unveil the full form of a PhD and explore the significance of this advanced academic degree.

Ph.D. Full Form in Hindi

पीएचडी का मतलब “डॉक्टर ऑफ फिलॉसफी” है। यह एक उन्नत शैक्षणिक डिग्री है जो अध्ययन के किसी विशेष क्षेत्र में उच्चतम स्तर की विशेषज्ञता और उपलब्धि का प्रतीक है।

The Origin of the PhD

The term “Doctor of Philosophy” has its roots in the medieval universities of Europe, where it was used to refer to scholars who pursued a rigorous course of study and research. Over time, the concept of a PhD evolved, and it became associated with the highest level of academic attainment.

Key Characteristics of a PhD

• Research Focus : A PhD program is primarily research-oriented, requiring students to conduct original research in their chosen field of study. This research contributes to the body of knowledge in the discipline.
• Thesis or Dissertation : One of the central components of a PhD program is the completion of a doctoral thesis or dissertation. This is a substantial research project that demonstrates the candidate’s ability to make a significant contribution to their field.
• Expertise and Specialization : PhD candidates become experts in their chosen area of specialization, gaining in-depth knowledge and critical thinking skills.
• Duration : The duration of a PhD program varies by country and discipline but typically spans three to five years of full-time study.
• Academic Rigor : PhD programs are academically rigorous, requiring candidates to engage in critical analysis, literature reviews, and scholarly writing.

The PhD Journey

The journey to earning a PhD is challenging and demanding, involving several stages:

• Coursework : In the initial phase, students may complete coursework in their field to build a strong foundation of knowledge.
• Research Proposal : PhD candidates must develop a research proposal outlining their intended research project, including its significance and methodology.
• Research and Data Collection : The heart of a PhD program involves conducting research, collecting data, and analyzing findings. This phase may require fieldwork, laboratory experiments, surveys, or other research methods.
• Thesis Writing : Candidates write a doctoral thesis or dissertation based on their research findings. This document is a substantial, original contribution to the field and is subjected to peer review.
• Oral Defense : After completing the thesis, candidates defend their research in an oral examination, often called a viva voce or thesis defense. This involves presenting and defending their work before a panel of experts.
• Publication : Many PhD candidates seek to publish their research in academic journals, further contributing to the scholarly community.

Global Recognition and Career Impact

Earning a PhD is a significant achievement with global recognition. It opens doors to various career opportunities, including:

• Academic Roles : Many PhD holders become university professors or researchers, imparting knowledge and contributing to academic advancements.
• Research and Development : PhD graduates often find employment in research and development roles in industries, government agencies, and non-profit organizations.
• Consulting : Consulting firms value the expertise and problem-solving skills of PhD holders.
• Policy Analysis : PhD graduates can work as policy analysts, influencing and shaping public policy.
• Entrepreneurship : Some PhD holders launch their businesses or startups, leveraging their expertise and research.

Conclusion – PhD Full Form

In conclusion, PhD, which stands for “Doctor of Philosophy,” represents the pinnacle of academic achievement and expertise in a specific field of study. It is characterized by a rigorous research focus, the completion of a substantial thesis or dissertation, and a commitment to advancing knowledge in the chosen discipline. Earning a PhD is a challenging yet rewarding journey that opens doors to a wide range of career opportunities and allows individuals to make significant contributions to their fields. As the pursuit of knowledge continues to evolve, the PhD remains a symbol of intellectual rigor and a catalyst for innovation and discovery in the academic world.

PhD Full Form – FAQs

Ans. PhD stands for “Doctor of Philosophy.”

Ans. पीएचडी का मतलब “डॉक्टर ऑफ फिलॉसफी” है।

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PhD Full Form

What is the full form of phd.

The full form of PhD is Doctor of Philosophy . In some countries, Ph. D also termed as DPhil or D.Phil. A doctorate holder can use the word ‘Dr.’ before their name and be considered as a doctor. Ph. D curriculum is the most notable training in a profession and a man graduating with a PhD is considered to be highly qualified in his sector.

It is an internationally recognized PG program which requires years of study, so one has to publish and access his work to receive a PhD. Most doctoral degrees require completion of the coursework, detailed exams and a thesis and need at least three years of guidance for the research.

Eligibility criteria

• Candidates can only pursue a PhD course if they have completed their Master’s degree in a particular field or course or stream where they intend to start a PhD.
• Some universities also clearly state candidates must have done an MPhil to undertake a PhD course they are offering.
• Nonetheless, several colleges require that candidates fulfil the qualifications they offer for PhD programs whether they have cleared UGC NET.
• Candidates who wish to pursue a PhD in Engineering must have a justifiable GATE score.

Objectives of the PhD course

• PhD is one of the standards and most prestigious academic degrees awarded by any institution.
• The primary goal of the doctoral degrees is to educate the next generation of leading researchers and scientists.

List of a subject in which PhD degree is offered

• Engineering
• Biochemistry
• Biotechnology
• Management of Health Care
• Organizational Behavior

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PhD Syllabus & Subjects 2024

• Admission Process
• PhD Colleges

The PhD syllabus is designed to the student's area of research and includes core and elective subjects. PhD Syllabus will vary from course to course for elective subjects, however core concept and syllabus remains same for all the subjects.  Core subjects typically cover Research Methodology, Ethics of Research, Literature Review, Research Proposal, Data Analysis & Interpretation and Research Tools. Electives differ with subjects and include topics from Psychology, Sociology, Social Sciences and various Science disciplines. The other key areas also include General Aptitude, with focus on vocabulary, comprehension, reasoning, and data interpretation. An effective syllabus ensures that scholars are well-equipped to conduct thorough and ethical research, contributing significantly to their chosen fields.

• PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) Syllabus & Subjects

The syllabus for a PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) program depends on the student's specialization and includes core and elective subjects. The syllabus typically includes topics from Psychology (Research methodology, psychological testing, emergence of psychology, and psychological thought in some major Eastern systems), Sociology (Sociological theory), Science (Combinatory, linear algebra, calculus, probability, and programming and data structure), General aptitude (Vocabulary, reading comprehension, reasoning, aptitude, and data interpretation).

PhD syllabus includes all about Research Methodology, Research Ethics, and other topics. The PhD subjects that students study during the course are determined by the aspirant's specialisation, but there are some fundamental subjects that all students must learn about. PhD syllabus majorly depends on the student's specialisation. The syllabus includes topics from10+2, Graduation, Postgraduation, Technology, Life sciences, Mathematics, Sciences, General aptitude. 

Some core PhD subjects include:

• Research methodology
• Ethics of research
• Literature review
• Ethics of using social media in research
• Research tools
• Proposing a research
• Formulation of research proposal 

PhD is the highest academic level degree granted to students who conduct original and independent research in a specific domain. Students in a PhD programme conduct research and write an original thesis on a specific topic. Typically, it takes three to six years to complete a PhD course syllabus. However, the PhD course duration may vary depending on the regulations of the institutions. The PhD degree is primarily offered in two areas: Humanities and Science. The PhD course curriculum and PhD course subjects differ depending on the course type. The PhD syllabus is designed to motivate students to conduct research. Apart from research, students participate in seminars, presentations, and other activities. 

Also Read: PhD Admission 2024

A PhD student must publish at least one paper, per the current UGC guidelines, before submitting their thesis. According to the universities, different numbers of seminars and papers are published. The PhD programmes offer a comprehensive perspective and advance both knowledge and skill to the level of scholarly inquiry. Students conduct extensive research before deciding on PhD programmes. They must review the course syllabus and the PhD stream-specific topics. Also, PhD job scope is diverse and ever-changing, making it an exciting and demanding career path.

Table of Contents

Phd (doctor of philosophy) course details: highlights, phd (doctor of philosophy) syllabus year-wise, stream wise phd (doctor of philosophy) syllabus, phd subjects, phd (doctor of philosophy) optional subjects, specializations offered in phd (doctor of philosophy), phd (doctor of philosophy) entrance exam syllabus 2024, phd important books, phd course structure, faqs about phd syllabus.

The major highlights of the PhD course are listed in the table below. 

Also Read: Best Certificate Courses in India  

PhD is an advanced research study for students who have both undergraduate and postgraduate qualifications. Therefore, the PhD course syllabus is framed keeping the students and their research objectives in mind. The PhD syllabus depends on the specializations a student wants to earn their PhD degree. If we check the syllabus, then some modules can be found the same for a particular domain. The syllabus and PhD subjects completely depend on the domain, guide, and institute that offers the course. Hence, we have provided a general idea of that. 

The below-given table will help to understand how a PhD course syllabus goes on.

PhD 1 st year Syllabus

In the first year, a student needs to work on the following subjects.

PhD 2 nd -year Syllabus

Get an idea of the 2 nd  year syllabus pattern of PhD courses:

PhD 3 rd -year Syllabus

Check the third-year syllabus and PhD course subjects in the table below:

PhD or Doctor of Philosophy courses is offered on numerous streams. Science, Arts and Humanities, and Management are some of the major streams of a PhD. A large number PhD courses are there in India. The stream wise syllabus for some of the PhD courses is mentioned in the table below:  

By learning the PhD subjects of a particular domain students develop strong methodological skills that are needed to perform the research. These PhD course subjects work as a background for their research paper. Students can check out the list of subjects for some major Doctor of Philosophy specializations in the given table:

The PhD subjects included as optional papers help in improving the understanding ability. For a challenging course like Doctor of Philosophy, optional subjects help to balance the load of learning. It introduces some subjects that the students might not have studied ever. An important benefit is that these subjects make the learners more skilled in the field. With the added advantage of additional learning, students get the scope of increasing their knowledge of their domain and related areas. 

While selecting these subjects, students should consider their interest and confidence in the subject as important factors. There is a large number of optional subjects in the PhD course syllabus. Optional of two major Doctor of Philosophy courses are listed below:

Being a traditional higher-level academic course, the Doctor of Philosophy comes with a vast range of specializations. Therefore, for the PhD aspirants, the options are abundant. Be it a science stream or the Arts stream, students have immense opportunities for earning a degree in their subject of interest. Students can check out the below-given lists to know about the kind of PhD specializations available in Indian colleges or universities. Among a large number of specializations, only a few are mentioned below:

PhD entrance exams are conducted at both national and institute levels. The students who score a minimum of 50% marks are allowed to seat for the entrance test. The universities/institutes want to test a students’ understanding level of the subject he/she wants to earn a Doctor of Philosophy degree. The course has been mainly preferred by students who want to avail research studies in their post-graduate subject. In the present century, the number of individuals doing PhD has increased a lot. 

India is giving some excellent research opportunities to post-graduate students. The universities want to enrol only talented students in their Doctor of Philosophy courses. Here comes the importance of the PhD entrance test. Some popular entrance tests are CSIR UGC NET , UGC NET, etc. 

The syllabus for PhD entrance exams covers common topics from 10+2, graduation, and postgraduate levels, such as technology, life sciences, mathematics, science, and general aptitude. The subjects and topics covered in the PhD syllabus vary depending on the PhD Specialisation and sub-stream chosen. The subjects included in the PhD Syllabus are centred on the research and practical aspects of the subject, with little emphasis on theoretical knowledge.

A list of PhD syllabus for the entrance exam is tabulated below:

Books play a pivotal role to complete a course like a PhD. Immense information is required for the research work involved in this course. Therefore, students need to be updated on their research topics. PhD students should take help from subject-oriented books. Usually, a Guide who supervises the students in their research work, recommends books. However, here is a list of books on research methodology that the PhD students can refer to complete the course with ease:

Once the students get enrolled in a PhD course, they are required to prepare and submit their research topic and the proposal of research. Then the institutes from where a student pursues the course allocate a guide to the students. Once the students get a Guide, he/she informs the PhD course syllabus, course work, teaching schedule, and assessment technique. Usually, in most universities or institutes students require to submit their work reports at an interval of six months. Another important part of the PhD course is seminar presentations. A student pursuing this course mandatorily gives at least two seminars and then submits his/her Certificate to the Research Unit. The next phase is thesis submission. Before making the final submission of the thesis, students require to publish one research paper in a peer-reviewed journal. This Certificate is also required to submit to the Research Unit. A Pre-Seminar Submission is organized by the Guide before the final submission of the thesis. 

Based on the performance, a report is prepared and submitted. The students get some valuable suggestions for improvement and they incorporate them into the final thesis. Then they prepare a summary of the thesis which they need to submit 45 days before the thesis submission. Once the thesis is finally submitted, it is examined by the experts and students must take part in the viva-voce where they can express their perspectives before the group of experts. Those who successfully get through all these phases are awarded a PhD Degree. In brief, we can structure the Doctor of Philosophy course in the following structure:

·   Submission of Research Proposal

·   Research Report

·   Seminar

·   Certificate Submission

·   Publication of one research paper

·   Pre-seminar submission

·   Thesis Submission

·   Viva Voce

How many papers can a PhD have?

A brief introduction to the overall topic, which might include crucial background information, usually comes before the three papers in the thesis. A general literature review might also be included, though it is not required.  

How many PhD candidates succeed?

There is a broad variation in the percentage of students who don't finish their PhDs; some institutions report as high as 71% and others as low as 9%. The likelihood of not finishing a PhD is influenced by a variety of variables, including the field or department you are studying in, your age, and the calibre of your mentor.

What is the PhD syllabus like?

The subjects covered by the PhD Syllabus primarily emphasise research and application, with a small amount of emphasis on theoretical understanding. The PhD course curriculum also includes thesis work and research projects that are presented after the course is over, in addition to the core subjects and electives.

How many different PhD subjects are there?

There are plenty of PhD subjects available, such as animal studies, the arts and humanities, biology and medicine, business and economics, chemistry, computer science and mathematics, education, engineering and technology, geography, history and philosophy, law, literature, languages, and communication, among others.  

Do PhD students get stipend?

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PhD Full Form: Key Functions and Benefits

Pallavi Pradeep Purbey ,

Mar 4, 2024

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Wondering what the Full form of PhD is? Read this article to know more about PhD Full Form, eligibility criteria, key functions of a PhD, and more.

What Is The Full Form Of PhD?

PhD full form is Doctor of Philosophy. PhD is a three to six year long doctorate course that has many specializations under it. It is an academic degree through which students are given a chance to learn about research and concepts in a great depth and detail. 

While PhD Full Form in India stands for Doctor of Philosophy, PhD is also known as D.Phil [Doctor of Philosophy] in abroad countries. When pursuing PhD, students are presented with many specializations, including Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics, Botany Zoology, etc. Computer science, Biotechnology, Nursing, IT, Agriculture, Nautical Science, Chemistry, Physics, etc.

Key Highlights of PhD Program

Eligibility criteria for phd course, who should pursue a phd course, how to get into phd.

• Key Functions Of PhD 

Benefits of PhD Qualification

Future prospects after phd qualification.

Given below are the key highlights of the PhD course:

• The PhD course is a three to six year long doctoral program.
• It is a research based course.
• The students can pursue PhD in many different fields and streams, depending on their postgraduate degree.

Given below are the eligibility criteria for the PhD course:

• Students should pass their postgraduate  with a minimum aggregate of 50% from a recognised university.
• The students should give the required entrance exams.
• There is no age limit for the PhD course admission.
• In their postgraduate degree, it is recommended that the students pursue the specialization they intend to do a PhD in.

PhDs are a crucial component of the knowledge economy. The main goals of completing a PhD are knowledge creation, knowledge discovery, and skill development. It's a degree designed for people who want to know more in-depth about a certain subject.

Students must ensure that they are aware of the qualifying requirements in order to be admitted to the PhD programme.

Students then need to research the college's entrance requirements. Some colleges offer merit-based admissions, while others may demand entrance examinations.

Students can fill out the application for admission on the college's website or in person at the on-campus admissions office.

Key Functions Of PhD  

The main goal is to advance the field by applying an existing body of knowledge, research and theory. Students focus on securing a high academic position and conducting theoretical research. Students seek to solve practical problems in a particular field.

The objectives of an effective doctorate or PhD are as follows - 

• Expand the limits of what is currently known as creative work and high quality
• The ability to design, design and perform research that is truly educational, targeted and demonstrative
• A structured understanding of the topic and the management of skills and techniques associated with this topic
• The ability to analyze, evaluate and develop new and complex ideas
• The ability to continuously improve technological, social or cultural progress in terms of education and expertise
• Satisfactory standards in line with national and international peer-reviewed publications

The benefits of a PhD Qualification are:

• Career Boost : One of the greatest benefits of obtaining an a PhD degree is an enhanced employment opportunity, while also expecting a greater income and a higher status.
• Recognition : A PhD is generally regarded as a prestigious and well-recognized degree, since it is tough to get and are acknowledged and valued at all levels.
• Improved Professional Network : While pursuing a PhD, one will interact with many individuals, superiors, mentors and peers both inside and beyond the University.
• Knowledge : The knowledge gained through extensive research and expertise in the profession is not just theoretical, but also useful in solving problems, and judging various scenarios.
• High Salary : Having a PhD suggests that you’re well-versed in advanced knowledge. The more extensive your knowledge, the better your compensation is likely to be. 
• Gain Marketable Skills : Complex problem-solving and critical thinking are the top two skills that a PhD holder gains and also what the recruiters/company need in today’s workplace.

A PhD opens up a lot of fantastic prospects in the academic realm. In an academic setting, you can work as a professor or an assistant professor in a university. Even teaching is required by some colleges.

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• General Knowledge /

What is the Full Form of PhD?

• Updated on  
• Feb 14, 2024

The full form of a PhD is a Doctor of Philosophy. It is an advanced academic degree that is awarded to individuals who have made significant contributions to their chosen field of study. The degree is recognised globally and is highly regarded in the academic community. PhD can also be called a DPhil or D. Phil. A person with this degree can add “Dr.” as a prefix to their name and is considered a doctor in that field. 

Also Read – What is the Full Form of B.Ed?

The History of Ph.D

The concept of a Doctor of Philosophy degree dates back to the Middle Ages in Europe. The term “ doctor ” comes from the Latin word “docere,” which means “to teach.” The word “ philosophy ” is derived from the ancient Greek word “philosophia” which means “love of wisdom”. Thus, a person who has the zeal to teach and has a love of wisdom about their field is awarded with PhD. 

Also Read – What is the MA Full Form?

Eligibility for PhD

The eligibility for pursuing PhD is –

• Have a Master’s or MPhil degree or a postgraduate degree from a recognized University or Institutions in a related field in which they intend to do PhD.
• In India, some universities require UGC NET / CSIR qualifications
• The upper limit for Junior Research Fellowship ( NET JRF ) is 31 years while there is no upper limit for taking National Eligibility Test (NET) .

Also Read – What is the MSC Full Form?

Objectives of the PhD Course

Initially, the Ph.D. degree was awarded only in the field of philosophy, but over time, it expanded to encompass other disciplines as well.

• A PhD program allows one to delve deep into a chosen field of study and become an expert in a specific area. 
• Having a Ph.D. demonstrates the expertise and research capabilities, making one an attractive candidate for academic positions, research roles and high-level positions in various industries.
• Pursuing a PhD offers intellectual stimulation and allows one to engage in critical thinking, problem-solving and independent research. 

Also Read – What is the Full Form of MFA?

List of Subjects for a PhD Degree

Interested students can pursue their PhD degree in any of these popular subjects:

• Engineering
• Biochemistry
• Mathematics
• Health care

Popular Full Forms

We hope this blog has helped you understand the PhD full form and everything related to it. If you want to know more, find the general full form list on our blog. In the world of short forms, you can rely on the Leverage edu page to know about more important full forms like this! Connect with us study abroad experts to achieve your international dream today!

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Meet Rajshree Lahoty, the writer behind insightful blogs on study abroad adventures and general knowledge trivia. Armed with a pen mightier than the sword (and a keyboard!), she navigates through the lanes of knowledge with a dash of research and a sprinkle of information. Join her escapades in solving the mysteries of the world!

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Update on 2024-04-15

Ph.D Course, Full Form, Subjects, Colleges, Entrance 2024 - What is PhD Degree?

As the name suggests, Ph.D. is a doctoral-level degree offered in various domains. The duration o this course is 3-6 years, this means that a candidate gets a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 6 years to complete their P.h.D. Also, the duration of the Ph.D. course varies from one institute to another.

If you wish to become a researcher or want to teach at universities as a Professor, then a P.h.D can help you move forward in your career. A P.h.D can be pursued in almost any field.

During this course, the candidates have to select a topic or subject for their research. In the last year of the course, an extensive research thesis has to be submitted by the candidate.

To pursue a P.h.D course, one must have to complete their postgraduation and obtain a Master's degree from a recognized university. Candidates possessing an M.Phil degree are also eligible to pursue a doctorate degree.

This course is offered in regular mode, earlier the candidates were able to pursue a P.h.D course through distance mode but in 2017, UGC has taken a decision to discontinue the delivery of a P.h.D course through distance education mode. This means the P.h.D course pursued in distance mode would no longer be recognized by the University Grants Commission.

There are various entrance exams conducted for the P.h.D aspirants and fellowships are also offered to the qualifying candidates, Some of the popular P.h.D entrance exams such as UGC-NET, GATE, and JEST.

Full Form of PhD

The full form of Ph.D. is Doctor of Philosophy, It is an abbreviation derived from a Latin term - "Philosophiae Doctor". In some countries. P.h.D course is also called D.Phil. It is a Doctorate degree and those who possess this degree and also awarded the title "Doctor/Dr." before their name. Hence it is the most prestigious degree in the academic field.

Duration of Ph.D. Course

The usual duration of a regular P.h.D course is 3 years but it can be extended to 5 or 7 years depends how long a student takes to complete his/her research work. Some universities grant the flexibility to extend the duration of this course. 

There are other factors that determine the duration of the Course completion such as one's knowledge of the research area, research experience, supervisor's knowledge, the relevance of the research, communication skills, the availability of resources, and the amount of course work, etc. 

NIT colleges provide a duration of 3-5 years for the course completion whereas IITs have a duration of 5-7 years for Ph.D. courses. 

PhD Course: Key Highlights 2024

How to get PhD Admission 2024 ?

Admissions to the Ph.D. course are usually based on the national level or university level exams, Candidates need a qualifying score in UGC NET, GATE, IIT JAM, or NPAT  to get admission to the premier institutions offering this course.

Please note that candidates who are looking forward to pursuing a Ph.D. degree in any branch of engineering and Technology discipline must have to appear in the GATE entrance test and obtain a valid score in the same.

As per UGC guidelines, students who have obtained a 4-year undergraduate degree along with a postgraduation degree are eligible to apply for a Ph.D. degree directly.

Ph.D. Eligibility Criteria 2024

These are the eligibility requirements that need to be fulfilled by the candidates before applying for a Ph.D. course:

• A Masters's degree in any domain or discipline/ M.Phil degree (for some subjects)
• Atleast 50%-55% score in the post-graduation exams. Candidates who belong to reserved categories (SC/ST/OBC) will get a relaxation of 5%-10% on the minimum required marks in Masters, however, the percentage of relaxation will be determined according to his/her category.
• A valid score in the required entrance exam (UGC NET, IIT JAM, GATE)
• There are some universities that conduct written tests and personal interviews to shortlist the candidates for Ph.D. admissions 
• Candidates who have some hands-on experience in a relevant field are given more preference during the selection process.

Admission through UGC-NET

UGC NET Entrance Exam is conducted by National Testing Agency (NTA) to determine the eligibility of the candidates for Assistant Professor and Junior Research Fellowship and Assistant Professor in academic institutions in India. UGC-NET is conducted for 84 subjects. After qualifying for this exam and completing your P.h.D, you will be qualified to work with UGC coordinating institutes. It is a computer-based test.

Admissions through CSIR NET - For Science Subjects

CSIR NET entrance exam is conducted by the  Council of Scientific and Industrial Research to determine the eligibility of the candidates for JRF (Junior Research Fellowship) and Lectureship (Assistant Professor) in the Indian Institutions.

This exam is conducted for 5 subjects of the Science stream which are Chemical Science, Life Science, Earth Science, Mathematical Science, and Physical Science. You can choose any of these subjects for the exam.

Candidates who are interested to pursue their Ph.D. in any Science subject should appear in the CSIR NET entrance exam. It is a pen-paper mode exam conducted offline.

Admission Through GATE- For Engineering & Technology Subjects

Candidates seeking admission to P.h.D in an engineering specialization are required to present a valid GATE score. Graduate Aptitude Test is a national-level entrance exam conducted by IITs to check the comprehensive knowledge of candidates and for providing admissions to Masters's and Doctoral degree courses in engineering and technology.

PhD Entrance Exams 2024

Types of Ph.D. Courses

There are 2 types of PhD offered by Universities in India, They are Full-time and Part-time P.h.D courses.

Full-time P.h.D

It is a regular P.h.D course offered by many universities in India. The duration of a full-time Ph.D. course is 3 years to 6 years depending on the university offering it and on the candidate pursuing the course. The average course fee of a full-time P.h.D course ranges from Rs 35,000 to Rs 1 Lac annually.

In a full-time Ph.D. course, students are responsible for conducting their research on their own with a whole focus on concentration on the Doctor of Philosophy specialization. A student who is pursuing a Ph.D. degree can also act as a teaching assistant to various professors in their college department.

List of Top PhD College (Full-Time)

• IISc Bangalore
• IIT Chennai
• University of Delhi
• Jawaharlal Nehru University
• Jamia Milia Islamia University
• University of Hyderabad
• Indian Statistical Institute
• Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

Part-Time PhD

• There are many universities that offer part-time P.h.D programs to students who are working in reputed research organizations, academic institutions, and top-notch companies located in close proximity to the college campus,
• Usually, a candidate takes 5 to 8 years to complete a part-time P.h.D course, the duration of the part-time P.h.D course is longer because the student has to achieve the same no. of credits and fulfill the same requirements as full-time students and it takes them more than usual time to do so.
• Students who are pursuing a P.h.D attend a limited no. of classes.
• Candidates who are applying for a part-time P.h.D are required to have a work experience of atleast 1 year and also have to obtain a No Objection Certificate from their current employer.
• Part-time P.h.D mainly focuses on the research of the development of a company and not on the individual research work.

Candidates who seek admission under a part-time research scholars program at an institute will be offered admission under the below-mentioned categories:

• Research Assistants
• Project Staff
• External Sponsored Candidates
• Institute staff/ Faculty

A PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy, is a postgraduate degree that many universities award. It is the highest academic degree available in a given field. A Doctorate of Business Administration (DBA) is a post-graduate degree offered by a university's business school or business faculty.

Completing an Online PhD or Online DBA can lead to significantly improved career opportunities. A Ph.D. or a DBA degree can provide an advantage or be required for students or professionals interested in leadership, academia, consulting, research, and entrepreneurship.

Fully Funded Ph.D. Programs

There are many government research and fellowship programs that fund the P.h.D research of the students. To avail benefits of these funded schemes, the candidates have to obtain qualifying marks in the NET entrance exam that guarantees a stipend from the Government of India.

A scholarship amount of Rs 31,000 monthly is awarded to the NET qualifying candidate by the Central Government.

PhD Specializations

Top PhD Colleges in India - Private

• Bharathiar University, Coimbatore
• Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
• Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 
• Anna University, Chennai
• Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala
• S.R.M. Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai
• Shanmugha Arts Science Technology & Research Academy, Thanjavur

PhD Course Fee 2024

Top PhD Government Colleges

Top PhD Private Colleges

Top PhD Colleges in Mumbai

Top PhD Colleges in Kolkata

Top PhD Colleges in Chennai

Top PhD Colleges in Bangalore

Top PhD Colleges in Delhi

Why Pursue a PhD Degree?

Are you making up your mind to pursue a Ph.D. but still doubtful about making this decision?

Here are some reasons why you should pursue a PhD:

During your P.h.D course, you will be able to research the topics and subjects you are passionate about and will be able to learn new things about your field of study.

A P.h.D course allows you to choose your research topic as per your interest. You can choose any topic relevant to your P.h.D specialization. 

After or during your Ph.D. course, you will be able to find better career prospects. It can unlock the doors of many lucrative career opportunities for you especially if you want to pursue your career in a professorship or research and development field, 

The Indian government has reduced the tax incentive for firms engaged in R&D, which is consistent with the previous UNESCO Science Report's findings (2015).

As a P.h.D degree holder, you will gain the title of Doctor, having this title is something which is highly valued in society, hence you will attain respect and recognition. 

Gross R&D expenditure (GERD) in the country has nearly tripled over the years, rising from INR 39,437.77 crore in 2007-08 to INR 1,13,825.03 crore in 2017-18. In 2018-19, it was expected to be INR 1,23,847.70 crore. These figures justify the scope and demand of P.h.D holders in the research and development field. 

Researchers are required in almost every sector; hence, you can work in your industry by using your knowledge, findings, and research skills. 

Skill Sets Required for Ph.D.

The main objective of the Ph.D. program is to develop researchers who are qualified to undertake the challenges during their research and help in the betterment of society. A person cannot become a researcher without a properly documented record of actual research.

The other important objective of a P.h.D course is to impart and extend in-depth subject/topic knowledge to the candidate. The P.h.D scholar attains the knowledge himself under the guidance of his/her supervisor.

To become a sound researcher, the aspirant doesn't only need good subject knowledge but also requires to possess certain skills that can help them to conduct more properly documented and useful research.

Below we have mentioned the names of certain skills and qualities required to become a successful Ph.D. Scholar:

• Academic Ability
• Accountability
• Persistence
• Verbal Communication Skills
• Time Management
• Inquisitiveness
• Critical Thinking
• Reading Habit
• Written Communication
• Interpersonal Skills
• Project Management
• Collaboration

P.h.D Course: Overview

• After getting admission to P.h.D course, the candidate requires to submit their Research Topic along with their Research Proposal at their respective college/university.
• Once their Research Topic is approved, you will be allocated with their Research supervisor/guide by your educational institution.
• Candidates will be provided with the research procedure information such as Course work, evaluation methodology, and teaching timetable by their research program guide/supervisor/coordinator.
• Once the research work starts, some institutions ask their students to submit a 6-month progress report of their research work.
• Moreover, the P.h.D students also have to present atleast two seminar presentations as a part of their P.h.D curriculum, and thereafter they may also be required to submit a Certificate of the same to the Research unit.
• Before the final submission of their research thesis, the candidate's supervisor/guide organizes a pre-submission seminar which is open to all the students and guides. After this seminar, a report will be made which consists of the suggestions for improvement, and the supervisor/guide is responsible to ensure that the scholar incorporates and acknowledge all these suggestions in his/her research thesis.
• Afterward, the candidate will have to incorporate all the suggestions and changes into his/her thesis and then submit a summary of their research to the supervisor. The candidate will have to submit this summary atleast 45 days prior to the final submission of the thesis.
• After this, Candidates can submit their final in hard copy and soft copy. Once submitted, your thesis will be checked by external experts. You might be suggested to make some modifications to your research paper, in this case, you will have to edit your thesis with the required modifications and re-submit the thesis.
• Finally and of utmost importance, the candidate has to appear in a viva round where they will have to justify and defend their research by presenting their perspectives in front of a panel of experts.  
• Candidates who will succeed to complete all the above-mentioned steps will be awarded a P.h.D degree.

How to do PhD?

P.h.D is a prestigious degree, many aspirants look forward to pursuing it after their postgraduation, but many don't know how to do a Ph.D.? If you are also looking for the answer, here's a 5 step guide to applying for a P.h.D program:

Visit the official website of your desired college/university from where you want to pursue your course, and check out the course details and eligibility. Check out if the institute offers the field you are interested in. 

Once, the application process for the P.h.D program starts, fill out the application form and pay the application fee. furthermore, ensure that you submit all the required documents in the correct format whether it is an online application or offline. Please note that the application windows are opened 4-5 months before the commencement of the course cycle. 

Applicants may also need to submit a research proposal and research topic along with their application form. The application forms of all the applicants, along with their research proposals, are submitted to the Educational Institute's Research Unit, where they are reviewed and only a few of them are selected. 

Once the scrutiny of all the application forms gets completed, the candidates are shortlisted and a list of shortlisted candidates is released by the institute. The shortlisted candidates will have to appear in the entrance exam and other selection rounds conducted by the institutions.

Based on the results of the entrance exam and other selection rounds (Personal Interview, Group Discussion), the institute releases a final list of the candidates selected for PhD admissions. 

Once the admission is confirmed and fees are paid by the candidate, he/she is allotted a research supervisor/guide who mentors the candidate from time to time during the research tenure.

Career Scope After PhD

As we have already mentioned, P.h.D is the highest level of academic qualification. One has to engage in extensive research procedures to attain this degree. Despite the difficulty level and long years of research, This degree opens numerous doors of opportunities for you.

Usually, most Ph.D. scholars prefer to build a career in Academia and private Research and Development companies but there are certain other job options available for them.

Below we have explained the scope of a Ph.D. in various fields:

Many candidates pursue a Ph.D. as they wish to enter the world of academia. A Ph.D. degree is best for candidates who wish to pursue their careers as lecturers, teachers, and professors in colleges and universities.

A career in academia involves teaching, preparing presentations, conducting academic research, managing administration, etc. A career as a teacher or professor is one of the most sought-after career fields as it offers handsome salary packages, job security, and a perfect work-life balance.

Ph.D. holders are highly valued in consultancy firms. Most of the time Consultants are required to maintain large amounts of data. So many consultancy firms have started hiring Ph.D. holders, so they can get a 360-degree view of the problem and find modern yet effective solutions of the same.

The idea is to use valuable data to gain useful insights and thus empower business decision-making. As a result, if you have a Ph.D., consulting is a prominent job opportunity that can be extremely rewarding.

Research Associate

To begin with, in your market research, you can work as a research associate in an R&D department of a company or a research institution. As a research associate, you will have to segregate the data to determine whether the customers or clients are finding the company's product or service satisfactory or not.

In a corporate research career, your study and findings will be put to more use in order to drive outcomes, this will eventually provide you with job satisfaction and rewarding remuneration. Academic research on the other hand feels monotonous sometimes.

Government Jobs

There are many government departments that are always interested in hiring Ph.D. holders to conduct research for them. If you wish to work in the government sector and want to put your research skills to some good use, then you can start your career in military research or you can also apply for various policymaker positions in state and central government.

P.h.D holders have a unique perspective to find the root cause of the problems and make practical, diplomatic choices to resolve the issue and therefore government sectors prefer Ph.D. holders to work for them.

Product Manager

After obtaining your Ph.D. degree, you can apply for the position of Product Manager. This job requires managing and handling end-to-end tasks related to product development, distribution, and promotion.

They are responsible for managing the product for its entire life cycle, since the job requires multi-tasking and a keen eye to oversee the product performance and building marketing strategies, P.h.D holders are considered best for this job.

Research Writers

Research writers conduct in-depth research to find complex information and transform it into lay terminology. Usually, research writers are required to conduct extensive research based on various topics suggested by the clients and they may have to write keyword-based articles for SEO.

There are many Digital media companies that hire research writers to work for their clients and on in-house projects. P.h.D holders have outstanding research skills and good written communication, therefore they are highly suited for the job of a research writer.

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PhD Full Form: 3 Influential and Enlightening Perspectives

Table of Contents

What is phd full form.

The PhD full form is Doctor of Philosophy, a highly esteemed credential representing the highest academic achievement across various fields. Although the abbreviation may seem simple, it is worth exploring the significance and importance of the full form. The number of admissions for PhD programs has increased significantly from 126,451 to 202,550 between 2016 and 2020. In 2019, 38,986 students were awarded PhD degrees, with 21,577 male candidates and 17,409 female candidates.

If a person is interested in research and exploration then PhD full form program would be an ideal path for him, where you can pursue your education while earning well in your chosen field. This field allows you to explore your chosen topics in depth, giving you a better perception and knowledge about the subject and new bold conclusions for society. In this article, we will provide comprehensive information about the Philosophy Doctorate.

Decoding the PhD (Doctor of Philosophy)

Their contribution to society on various levels.

• PhD graduates are key for the innovations and improvement in knowledge in various fields. Their research supports the invention of new theories, approaches, and technologies.
• Doctoral prospective employees not only conduct groundbreaking studies but also help to train the next batch of professionals. PhD students play an important role in motivating future students, which will improve intellectual growth and critical thinking.
• PhD Holders usually contribute to the growth of public policies, the fixing of social issues, and the influence of making decisions at the governmental, organizational, and community levels of difficulty, encouraging positive societal change.

PhD full form : Structure of Code

The structure of a PhD full form program varies by university and subject matter, but most follow a similar framework. It combines coursework, research, and the final draft of a doctoral dissertation.

 PhD full form can be elaborated further to explain its structure.

1. Frame and Coursework

PhD Advanced hypotheses, experimentation methodologies, and writing for academia are covered in these courses. The coursework is entirely dependent upon the field you are enrolled in, as each field provides a different conjuncture to the students based on their area of interest.

2. Research Area, Subject, Duration, and Methodology

PhD students choose a research topic and study the subject that will be their primary subject. The journey includes expanding knowledge perception, reviewing the literature, collecting information, analysis, and thesis writing. After completing the research, individuals defend their PhD thesis via presentations, examinations, or both.

3. Stages, Synopsis, Thesis, and Final Presentations

The stages of a PhD program vary depending on your chosen field and the university you attend. The evaluation of your research thesis relies heavily on the synopsis you have presented. The merit of the degree, represented by the PhD full form, is determined by the final quality and presentation of your thesis.

4. Funds, Scholarships, Funds

A PhD often requires financial support, and numerous universities and organizations provide grants, scholarships, and fellowships to assist with research expenses. These funding opportunities, linked to the PhD full form, alleviate financial pressures and enable committed students to focus on their studies. They not only encourage more students to follow their research ambitions but also enhance the institution’s reputation through their scholarship programs.

Enrollment Process for Ph.D

For admission to a doctorate program, candidates usually need specific educational qualifications, including a master’s degree in a related field. Additionally, many institutions require candidates to pass entrance examinations, such as the PhD Entrance Test (PET), to assess their research aptitude and subject knowledge. Once the entrance exam is cleared, various colleges offer different scholarships based on the PhD full form score in the entrance test .

We have embarked on an exciting journey to uncover the true significance of the PhD full form. This blog delves into the various meanings behind each letter and their academic significance. From its Latin origins as “Philosophiae Doctor” to the modern “Doctor of Philosophy,” a PhD represents scholarly inquiry, rigorous study, and specialized expertise.

The PhD full form signifies much more than just a degree; it embodies a transformative experience. It stands for countless hours of dedication, perseverance, and a relentless pursuit of new knowledge. It reflects humanity’s enduring spirit and the drive to push beyond perceived limits.

Whether you’re merely curious about the degree or seriously considering pursuing it, remember that the PhD full form symbolizes the power of passion, a quest for knowledge, and an unwavering spirit of exploration.

Learn more about some other full forms:

Ph.D Full Form: FAQs

Can i choose a phd in any field.

Yes, several fields provide doctoral programs, such as the arts and sciences, sciences, behavioral sciences, engineering, and others.

What is the duration of the PhD degree?

The course duration is not specified, but the PhD takes at least 5 years, based on the subject of study and the student’s situation.

Is there any scholarship program for PhD students available?

Many colleges and organizations financially assist PhD students through grants and scholarships.

After receiving a PhD what career options are available?

A PhD qualifies the holder for higher education, research, industry, consulting firms, and leadership positions in various fields.

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PhD Specialization: List, Admissions, Eligibility, after MBA, in India, Fees, Jobs, Salary

Satyam Purwar

Content Curator

PhD degree or also known as doctor of philosophy, is a 3-4 years of professional and academic degree. Candidates must have a master’s degree or MPhil Degree in the area they want to specialize.

PhD Specializations are available in various fields such as Science, Commerce, Humanities, Engineering and Technology, Law, Business Management, and so on. The average fees in India is INR 50,000-2,00,000. See more: PhD Admissions

PhD Course graduate can secure jobs such as University professor, Industrial R&D Lab professionals, Start-Up mentors, Authors,, Senior research scientist and others in areas such as Universities, Colleges, Science centers, Statistical units, Plant Breeding centers, Equipment manufacturers, Newsagency, Pharmaceutical industry, Publishers, Software development, etc. The average salary one can secure is INR 4-15 LPA.

PhD Specializations: Course Highlights

Top PhD Specializations in India

Phd humanities.

Phd in humanities is concerned with critically examining human thought and culture. The course deals with how art, music, literature, the arts, and philosophy affect the world we live in. Students pursuing a PhD focus more on abstract questions than on technical skills. 

The students would be taught in depth the development of ideas and concepts, the functioning of a society, behavioural patterns and the challenges faced, human interactions and relationships, etc. This degree teaches in depth about humanity and evolution of culture and historical events throughout the centuries. 

Admission Process

• Admissions will be done on the basis of merit list. The merit list marks will be calculated by adding the scores secured in the entrance examination, direct interview and marks obtained in qualifying examination. 

See more: PhD Humanities Colleges

Eligibility Criteria

• Applicant should have at least earned 55% marks and above in M.A. or any degree equivalent to Humanities (50% in the case of SC/ST candidates)
• Applicants who have completed their Master’s degree in any relevant stream either of Science/Commerce/Engineering/Technology or MPhil Degree with an aggregate of 60% marks and above can apply for admission.
• Clearing the entrance examination such as GATE, NET , MET , ICPR, ICSSR, CSIR, etc. is a prerequisite for admission.

PhD Science

PhD Science is a doctorate level course with a duration of 3 to 5 years , which students from MSc or MTech background can pursue. It involves candidates to research on any one of the Science specialisations like Physics, Chemistry, Biology, etc. 

The student will have to submit the research thesis at the end of the course to earn the PhD Science degree.

The admission process for PhD science is based on the entrance exam followed by an interview. 

• This admission process is followed by many colleges or universities.
• Some of the entrance exams are UGC-NET, CSIR-UGC-NET, GATE , etc

See more: PhD Science Colleges

Eligibility Criteria 

• The eligibility criteria for PhD in science is to score an aggregate score of minimum 55% at your postgraduate level. 

PhD Commerce

Ph.D in Commerce is a doctorate course with a duration of minimum two years. certain universities require the candidates to complete the course within five years of time along with the thesis or research paper. Certain universities provide part time in PhD in commerce. 

The PhD in Commerce subjects provides a greater insight in the field of commerce and accounting, finance, forecasting, management and budgeting. The course provides better quality education to the students, who can serve the needs of business and industry management. 

After completing the course, a candidate can find jobs in fields of business, marketing and education. The most popular job positions for such candidates are lecturer, Professor, CEO, etc.

• The admissions for PhD in commerce admissions are done mainly through entrance tests followed by a personal interview conducted by the respective university.
• National level entrance exams such as UGC NET / UGC CSIR NET / GATE / SLET or University entrance exam are conducted for admission to PhD courses.
• Reservations are applicable to SC / ST / EWS / OBC NCL / PwD candidates as per government rule. 
• The eligibility criteria for this course is, candidates must pursue a masters degree in commerce/ MBA / MPhil degree with an aggregate score of 55%. 

PhD Engineering and Technology

A PhD in engineering and technology often focuses on research based education. It may involve the development of new technology or the advancing of degree programs. It can also be a program that focuses on the student's own desired focus, such as on learning a very specific area of engineering or technology. 

Ph.D. in Engineering and Technology is a 5-year course. Candidates who wish to pursue a PhD in engineering and technology Must have a cleared masters degree in Computer Science as a subject or equivalent to this degree from a recognized University.

Admission to Ph.D. in Engineering and Technology is given on the basis of entrance exams conducted by various institutes. The entrance exam is followed by a personal interview round for final allotment of seats in any institute. For admission to the Ph.D. in Engineering and Technology department minimum requirements are:

• B.Tech/ M.Tech in any branch of Engineering/ BioTechnology and Interdisciplinary areas.
• B.Tech/M.Tech or equivalent degree in Engineering and Technology.

To pursue Ph.D. in Engineering and Technology course, the candidate should have a bachelor's degree in Engineering and Technology from a recognized university. 

PhD after MBA

PhD in Business Management is a doctorate level business management course. Business management includes the activities associated with running a company, such as controlling, leading, monitoring, organizing and planning. The duration of PhD in Business Management is 3-years. 

This course includes subjects like Banking, Accounting seminar, Global marketing seminar, Theory of finance, Advanced accounting theory, Advanced accounting theory, Seminar in banking, Strategic information systems etc. 

PhD After MBA: Admission Process

• Most of the colleges offer admission to this course on the basis of entrance examination and direct interviews. The admission process can vary from college to college and the minimum marks requirement in the post-graduation degree of the candidate can vary from college to college.

See more: PhD Business Management Colleges

PhD After MBA: Eligibility Criteria 

• The basic eligibility for this course is candidates must hold a postgraduate degree in a relevant subject with at least 50% marks in aggregate from a recognized university. The minimum marks required vary from college to college.
• Applicants should have a minimum experience of two years post their MBA or Master’s degree on the date of writing the admission test.

PhD in law gives the candidates to enhance their understanding of the legal studies. The students are rendered an overview of the subject, the nuances to proceed with the cases and also the tools to go about while studying a case, and the outlook required while looking into its details. 

Ph.D. in Law is a 3-year full-time doctorate programme in the field of Law. Ph.D. in law provides students with the required training which helps them pave their way in gaining exposure in their field. 

• Admission is done solely on the basis of Merit. 
• The eligibility criterion is passing Masters or M.Phil in legal studies or laws or equivalent examination with 55% aggregate from a recognized university. 
• They will have to pass the various state and national level examinations conducted for admission to the course

See more: PhD Law Colleges 

• Candidates should have qualified Master’s degree or M.Phil in legal studies or law in the relevant field with a minimum aggregate score of 55% and above from a recognized university.
• Candidates should pass the entrance examination conducted by various institutions and universities.
• They should have a minimum experience of 5 years as a professional in the field of teaching/ administration/ industry/ professional in senior level. 

Here are some more popular PhD programmes that candidates can pursue in different streams: 

PhD Specializations: Job Profiles

PhD Specializations: FAQs

Ques. Which phd specialisation pays the most?

Ans. In India, the candidates holding PhD in Science, Engineering, Technology, and Mathematics, are highly paid PhD holders.

Ques. How is PhD different from MPhil?

Ans. M.Phil is more focussed on masters in the specified field and already given thesis, whereas PhD allows one to produce the original thesis to support their work

Ques. Can I pursue a PhD after MBA?

Ans. Anyone with an MBA degree can pursue PhD. In fact, it's a good idea to do a PhD after MBA if you are interested in exploring the arena of academics or research and you can also pursue opportunities in consulting firms in the corporate sector.

Ques. Which PhD specialisation course is easy?

Ans. Education, humanities, and the social sciences are considered the easiest fields in which to pursue degrees. 

Ques. Can I do a PhD without a masters degree?

Ans. Yes, it's possible to get a PhD without first having a Masters degree. However, several students opt to bypass a Master's degree by enrolling into a doctoral programme as soon as they complete their undergraduate degree.

Ques. What is the full form of PhD?

Ans. PhD stands for Doctor of Philosophy or Doctor Philosophiae.

Ques. What is the average salary package for a PhD holder?

Ans. An average salary package of a PhD holder is up to INR 4-15 LPA.

Ques. What can be done after PhD?

Ans. PhD is the highest degree till now in Indian academia, so you can go for various types of researcher jobs. 

Ques. Is it possible to pursue 2 PhD degrees? 

Ans. Absolutely, people get multiple PhDs. Having multiple PhDs is uncommon, but people do to get multiple doctorates.

Ques. Can I do a PhD through distance education?

Ans. The UGC has issued a circular stating that the degrees granted through distance education for PhD programmes will no more be recognised.

Ph.D. : 43 answered questions

Ques. are master's degrees from ignou acceptable for admission into ph.d courses in top universities.

● Top Answer By Anumita Mukharjee on 28 Apr 22

Ques. Is a Phd from IGNOU worth it/valuable?

● Top Answer By Srabani Guha on 24 Jul 23

Ques. How is the Direct PhD program of IIT Madras?

● Top Answer By Arati Sinha on 29 Mar 23

Ques. What is the value of a Ph.D. degree from IIT Bombay?

● Top Answer By Karuna Nair on 13 Mar 23

Ques. Why do some students in IIT Bombay leave high-paying jobs and join grad schools for PhD?

● Top Answer By Advait Joshi on 23 Mar 23

Ques. What is the placement scenario after PhD in IIT Bombay?

● Top Answer By Advait Joshi on 17 Mar 23

Ques. Is a PhD from IGNOU valid?

● Top Answer By Pankaj Kumar on 18 Oct 22

Ques. What is the placement record of MSc applied statistics students of IIT Bombay?

● Top Answer By Poornima Sahoo on 18 Mar 23

Ques. How difficult is it to get a PhD from IISc Bangalore?

● Top Answer By Bidita Ghose on 14 Jul 23

Ques. How good is doing a PhD in BITS Pilani compared to IITs?

● Top Answer By Advait Joshi on 27 Jun 23

Ph.D. (Chemistry)

Ph.d. (physics), ph.d. (mathematics), ph.d. (biotechnology), ph.d. (zoology), ph.d. (psychology), ph.d. (business management), ph.d. (management studies), master of science [ms], ph.d. (computer science), ph.d. colleges in india.

IIM Mumbai - Indian Institute of Management

IIMV - Indian Institute of Management

Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research - [PGIMER]

IIM Sambalpur

IIM Sirmaur

University Business School, Panjab University - [UBS]

PSG Institute of Management - [PSGIM]

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