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Internet Basics  - What is the Internet?

Internet basics  -.

What is the Internet?

Internet Basics What is the Internet?

Internet Basics: What is the Internet?

Lesson 1: what is the internet, introduction.

The Internet is an increasingly important part of everyday life for people around the world. But if you've never used the Internet before, all of this new information might feel a bit confusing at first.

Throughout this tutorial, we'll try to answer some basic questions you may have about the Internet and how it's used. When you're done, you'll have a good understanding of how the Internet works , how to connect to the Internet , and how to browse the Web .

The Internet is a global network of billions of computers and other electronic devices. With the Internet, it's possible to access almost any information, communicate with anyone else in the world, and do much more.

You can do all of this by connecting a computer to the Internet, which is also called going online . When someone says a computer is online, it's just another way of saying it's connected to the Internet.

What is the Web?

The World Wide Web —usually called the Web for short—is a collection of different websites you can access through the Internet. A website is made up of related text, images, and other resources. Websites can resemble other forms of media—like newspaper articles or television programs—or they can be interactive in a way that's unique to computers.

The purpose of a website can be almost anything: a news platform, an advertisement, an online library, a forum for sharing images, or an educational site like us!

Once you are connected to the Internet, you can access and view websites using a type of application called a web browser . Just keep in mind that the web browser itself is not the Internet; it only displays websites that are stored on the Internet.

How does the Internet work?

At this point you may be wondering, how does the Internet work? The exact answer is pretty complicated and would take a while to explain. Instead, let's look at some of the most important things you should know.

It's important to realize that the Internet is a global network of physical cables , which can include copper telephone wires, TV cables, and fiber optic cables. Even wireless connections like Wi-Fi and 3G/4G rely on these physical cables to access the Internet.

When you visit a website, your computer sends a request over these wires to a server . A server is where websites are stored, and it works a lot like your computer's hard drive. Once the request arrives, the server retrieves the website and sends the correct data back to your computer. What's amazing is that this all happens in just a few seconds!

Watch the video below from Tata Communications to learn more about how the Internet functions.

Other things you can do on the Internet

One of the best features of the Internet is the ability to communicate almost instantly with anyone in the world. Email is one of the oldest and most universal ways to communicate and share information on the Internet, and billions of people use it. Social media allows people to connect in a variety of ways and build communities online.

There are many other things you can do on the Internet. There are thousands of ways to keep up with news or shop for anything online. You can pay your bills, manage your bank accounts , meet new people, watch TV , or learn new skills. You can learn or do almost anything online.

/en/internetbasics/what-can-you-do-online/content/

Number Resources

We are responsible for global coordination of the Internet Protocol addressing systems, as well as the Autonomous System Numbers used for routing Internet traffic.

Currently there are two types of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses in active use: IP version 4 (IPv4) and IP version 6 (IPv6). IPv4 was initially deployed on 1 January 1983 and is still the most commonly used version. IPv4 addresses are 32-bit numbers often expressed as 4 octets in “dotted decimal” notation (for example, 192.0.2.53 ). Deployment of the IPv6 protocol began in 1999. IPv6 addresses are 128-bit numbers and are conventionally expressed using hexadecimal strings (for example, 2001:0db8:582:ae33::29 ).

Both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses are generally assigned in a hierarchical manner. Users are assigned IP addresses by Internet service providers (ISPs). ISPs obtain allocations of IP addresses from a local Internet registry (LIR) or National Internet Registry (NIR), or from their appropriate Regional Internet Registry (RIR):

Our primary role for IP addresses is to allocate pools of unallocated addresses to the RIRs according to their needs as described by global policy and to document protocol assignments made by the IETF . When an RIR requires more IP addresses for allocation or assignment within its region, we make an additional allocation to the RIR. We do not make allocations directly to ISPs or end users except in specific circumstances, such as allocations of multicast addresses or other protocol specific needs.

IP Address Allocations

Internet protocol version 4 (ipv4).

• IPv4 Address Space
• IPv4 Multicast Address Assignments
• IPv4 Special Purpose Address Registry
• IPv4 Recovered Address Space Registry
• Bootstrap Service Registry for IPv4 Address Space

Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)

• IPv6 Address Space
• IPv6 Global Unicast Allocations
• IPv6 Parameters (Parameters described for IPv6, including header types, action codes, etc.)
• IPv6 Anycast Address Allocations
• IPv6 Multicast Address Allocations
• IPv6 Sub-TLA Assignments (DEPRECATED)
• IANA IPv6 Special Registry
• Bootstrap Service Registry for IPv6 Address Space
• Announcement of Worldwide Deployment of IPv6 (14 July 1999)
• RIR Comparative Policy Overview

Autonomous System Number Allocations

• Autonomous System Numbers
• Special-Purpose AS Number Assignments
• Bootstrap Service Registry for AS Number Space
• Internet Number Resource Request Procedure

Regional Internet Registry Creation

• Criteria for Establishment of New Regional Internet Registries (ICP-2) (4 June 2001)
• IANA Report on Recognition of LACNIC as a Regional Internet Registry (7 November 2002)
• IANA Report on Recognition of AfriNIC as a Regional Internet Registry (8 April 2005)

Technical Documentation

• RFC 4632 — Classless Inter-domain Routing (CIDR): The Internet Address Assignment and Aggregation Plan
• RFC 1918 — Address Allocation for Private Internets
• RFC 5737 — IPv4 Address Blocks Reserved for Documentation
• RFC 4291 — Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Addressing Architecture
• RFC 3587 — IPv6 Global Unicast Address Format
• RFC 6177 — IPv6 Address Assignment to End Sites
• RFC 6890 — Special-Purpose IP Address Registries
• RFC 7020 — The Internet Numbers Registry System
• RFC 7249 — Internet Numbers Registries
• Locally Served DNS Zones

• Internet technologies

• Kinza Yasar, Technical Writer

What is the internet?

The internet, sometimes simply called the net , is a worldwide system of interconnected computer networks and electronic devices that communicate with each other using an established set of protocols.

The internet was conceived by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. government in 1969. ARPA was later renamed the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in 1972. DARPA's first known packet-switching network was known as the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network ( ARPANET ). The original goal was to create a network that would let users of a research computer at one university talk to research computers at other universities. A side benefit of ARPANET's design was that because messages could be routed or rerouted in more than one direction, the network could continue to function even if parts of it were destroyed in the event of a military attack or other disaster.

Today, the internet is a public, cooperative and self-sustaining facility accessible to hundreds of millions of people worldwide. It's used by many as the primary source of information consumption and has fueled the creation and growth of its own social ecosystem through social media and content sharing. In addition, e-commerce , or online shopping, has become one of the largest uses of the internet. Millions of users shop for and sell products on the internet using popular e-commerce and marketing platforms , such as Amazon and Shopify.

History of the internet

In 1983, the ARPANET began using the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol ( TCP/IP ) open networking protocol suite and in 1985, the National Science Foundation Network designed the network to connect university computer science departments around the U.S.

Communications over the internet greatly improved in 1989 when the Hypertext Transfer Protocol ( HTTP ) was created, enabling different computer platforms to connect to the same internet sites. In 1993, the Mosaic web browser was created.

The internet continues to grow and evolve. Internet Protocol Version 6 , for example, was designed to anticipate enormous future expansion in the number of available IP addresses . In a related development, the internet of things ( IoT ) is the burgeoning environment in which almost any entity or object can be given a unique identifier ( UID ) and the ability to transfer data automatically over the internet.

How the internet works

The process of transferring information over the internet from one device to another relies on packet switching. The internet is a packet-routing network that uses IP and TCP protocols for communication. When a person visits a website, their computer or mobile device sends a request to the server over one of these protocols.

The following examines how the process works:

• Every device attempting to access the internet is initially linked either physically through cables or wirelessly. For instance, a computer can establish a physical connection to a modem using an Ethernet cable or connect wirelessly through Wi-Fi or Bluetooth signals.
• Each computer connected to the internet is also assigned a unique IP address that enables the device to be recognized.
• When one device attempts to send a message to another device, the data is sent over the internet in the form of packets and each packet is assigned a port number that will connect it to its endpoint .
• A packet that has both a unique IP address and port number can be translated from alphabetic text into electronic signals by traveling through the layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model from the top application layer to the bottom physical layer .
• The message is then sent over the internet where it's received by the internet service provider's (ISP) router.
• The router examines the destination address assigned to each packet and determines where to send it.
• Eventually, the packet reaches the client and travels in reverse from the bottom physical layer of the OSI model to the top application layer. During this process, the routing data -- the port number and IP address -- is stripped from the packet, thus enabling the data to be translated back into alphabetic text and completing the transmission process.

The main components of the internet

The internet is comprised of hardware, software and various protocols. The following are the primary components of the internet:

• Client or endpoint devices. These are the multitude of interconnected components or clients that access and contribute to the internet. These can include computers, smartphones, tablets, routers, web servers and IoT devices.
• Servers. Servers are the computers that provide services or share stored resources with the client devices. Their main job is to comply with client requests by providing the requested information or performing the requested tasks.
• Internet protocols. To retrieve the required data on the internet, a set of guidelines and procedures known as protocols must be adhered to as they guarantee accurate and effective data transmission. Common internet protocols include IP, TCP/IP, HTTP, HTTP Secure ( HTTPS ) and file transfer protocol. Other protocols, such as Session Initiation Protocol for voice-over IP, Post Office Protocol 3 ( POP3 ) and Internet Message Access Protocol for email are also used.
• IP addresses. IP addresses are used to identify devices on the internet. These can include IPv4 addresses such as 192.168.1.1, which is the default IP address many router manufacturers use to access a router's interface. IPv4 addresses are shorter than IPv6 addresses , which are designed to handle the increasing number of connected devices.
• Routers. Routers forward data packets between computer networks. By using routing tables , routers determine the best routes or paths for data transfer between devices.
• Domain name system. DNS converts human-readable domain names, such as www.example.com, into machine-readable IP addresses. It also acts as a decentralized directory that helps users navigate the internet.
• Web browsers. Web browsers or search engines -- including Apple Safari, Google Chrome , Microsoft Edge and Mozilla Firefox -- let users access and engage with material on the internet and also decipher and present web pages to them.
• ISPs. ISPs are companies that provide users with internet connectivity. They operate the infrastructure, including the cables and routers needed to connect users to the global network.
• Social media platforms. Social media platforms, such as Facebook, X (formerly known as Twitter) and Instagram , let users connect, share content and communicate with people all over the world.
• Firewalls and security measures. Incoming and outgoing network traffic on the internet is monitored and controlled by different types of security firewalls and security measures. Firewalls safeguard networks and devices against unauthorized internet access, cyber threats and malicious activities.

Difference between the World Wide Web and the internet

The key difference between the internet and the World Wide Web (WWW or web) is that the internet is a global connection of networks, while the web is a collection of information or websites that can be accessed using the internet. In other words, the internet is the infrastructure and the web is a service on top of it.

The web is the most widely used part of the internet. Its outstanding feature is hypertext, a method of instantly cross-referencing text. Used in blog posts, Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) web pages, social media posts and online shopping websites, hypertext appears in a different color than the rest of the text and is often also underlined. When a user clicks on one of these words or phrases, they're transferred to the related site or webpage. Buttons, images or portions of images are also used as hyperlinks.

The web provides access to billions of pages of information. Web browsing is done through a web browser, such as Chrome, Edge or Firefox. The appearance of a particular website can vary slightly, depending on the browser used. Newer versions of a particular browser can render more complex features, such as animation, virtual reality, sound and music files.

What are the key features of the internet?

The internet has certain features that make it a powerful and versatile tool for communication, information sharing and diverse online activities. Some key features of the internet include the following:

• Worldwide availability. The internet is a global resource that's accessible to everyone. Today, most people can use the internet even if they live in the most remote and deserted parts of the world.
• Compatibility with other media types. Due to the standardized protocols and formats that it offers, the internet facilitates compatibility with various media types. This enables seamless integration and interaction across diverse multimedia such as photos, videos and audio files.
• Easy accessibility. Web browsers such as Chrome or Firefox are used to access the internet. For end users and developers, these programs are simple to use, comprehend and easy to develop.
• Affordability. The expenses associated with developing and maintaining internet services are low. However, the costs vary depending on the type of services and providers being used.

Uses of the internet

In general, the internet can be used to communicate across large or small distances, share information from any place in the world, and access information or answers to almost any question in moments.

Some specific examples of how the internet is used include the following:

• Social media and content sharing.
• Email and other forms of communication, such as Internet Relay Chat, internet telephony, instant messaging and video conferencing .
• Education and self-improvement through access to online degree programs, courses and workshops.
• Searching for jobs -- both employers and applicants use the internet to post open positions, apply for jobs and recruit individuals found on social networking sites such as LinkedIn .
• Entertainment such as streaming TV shows, movies, videos and music.
• Remote working using online collaboration platforms and messaging apps.

Security and the internet

Large amounts of information, both public and private, are collected across the internet, opening users up to the risk of data breaches and other security threats such as malware infections, ransomware attacks and phishing attempts. Hackers and crackers can break into networks and systems and steal login information or bank and credit card account records.

Internet security refers to a set of techniques and methods targeted at safeguarding online activities and transactions. Users can take the following steps to protect their online privacy:

• Install antivirus and antimalware software on devices and endpoints.
• Create difficult, varied passwords that are impossible to guess.
• Use a virtual private network or, at least, a private browsing mode, such as Google Chrome's Incognito window.
• Use secure protocols, such as HTTPS, instead of HTTP for online transactions.
• Make all social media accounts private.
• Deactivate autofill .
• Turn off the device's Global Positioning System ( GPS ).
• Update cookies so an alert is sent anytime a cookie is installed.
• Log out of accounts instead of just closing the tab or window.
• Use caution with spam emails and never open or download content from unknown sources.
• Use caution when accessing public Wi-Fi or hotspots.
• Regularly back up important data both offsite and on the cloud.

Additionally, there's an element of the internet called the dark web . The dark web is hidden and inaccessible through standard browsers. Instead, it uses the Tor and I2P browsers which let users remain completely anonymous. While this anonymity can be a great way to protect an online user's security and free speech, or for the government to keep classified data hidden, the dark web also creates an environment that facilitates cybercrime , the transfer of illegal goods and terrorism.

Social impact of the internet

The internet has both positive and negative social effects. On one side, people argue that the internet has increased the risk of isolation, alienation and withdrawal from society, pointing to increases in an emotional response called FOMO , or the fear of missing out. Also, there are major differences in terms of access to the internet, bandwidth, efficiency and cost. This digital divide results in unequal access to information and opportunities among individuals based on their backgrounds and other socio-economic factors.

On the other side, people believe the internet increases civic engagement, sociability and the intensity of relationships.

Whether the effects are good or bad, the internet has changed the way society interacts and connects. People are constructing social relationships based on individual interests, projects and values. Communities are being formed by like-minded individuals not only offline and in person, but through the internet and the multitude of online environments it creates and offers. Social networking sites -- like Facebook and LinkedIn -- have become the preferred platforms for both businesses and individuals looking to perform all kinds of tasks and communicate with others.

Benefits of the internet

The internet offers numerous advantages that have transformed people's lives in the following ways:

• Provides access to endless information, knowledge and education.
• Increases users' ability to communicate, connect and share.
• Allows users to work remotely, collaborate and access a global workforce.
• Gives businesses or individuals an avenue to sell and make money.
• Provides access to an unlimited supply of entertainment sources, such as movies, music, videos and games.
• Amplifies the influence of a message, enabling charities and other organizations to reach a wider audience and increase the amount of donations.
• Provides access to the IoT, which enables home appliances and devices to connect to and be controlled from a computer or smartphone.
• Provides access to health-related information and resources, letting people make informed decisions regarding their well-being.
• Allows users to save data and easily share files with cloud storage on cloud computing platforms.
• Enables users to monitor and control personal accounts instantly, such as bank accounts or credit card bills.

Without network protocols, it's impossible to access or communicate through the internet. Explore the most common network protocols and learn how they operate.

Continue Reading About internet

• How to understand networking and internet for beginners
• Web 2.0 vs. Web 3.0 vs. Web 1.0: What's the difference?
• Factors to consider in network redundancy design
• Types of quantum network topologies
• Top IoT security risks and threats to prioritize

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The Internet

Lesson overview.

In this lesson, students will pretend to flow through the Internet, all the while learning about Internet connections, URLs, IP Addresses, and the DNS.

Teaching Summary

Getting started - 25 minutes.

1) Review 2) Vocabulary 3) Getting the Message

Activity: The Internet - 15 minutes

4) the internet, wrap-up - 10 minutes.

5) Flash Chat - What did we learn? 6) Vocab Shmocab

Assessment - 5 minutes

7) the internet assessment, lesson objectives, students will:.

• Learn about the complexity of sending messages over the Internet
• Translate URLs into IP Addresses
• Practice creative problem solving

Teaching Guide

Materials, resources and prep, for the student.

• Paper for writing messages to send
• Paper for creating a sign to "label" each "server"
• Pens & Pencils
• IP Address and Delivery Type Cards Found Here

For the Teacher

• Lesson Video
• This Teacher Lesson Guide
• Print enough IP Address Cards and Delivery Type Cards for each group to draw
• Print one Internet Assessment for each student
• Access to the Internet (such as http://get-site-ip.com ) or 6+ pre-determined URL/IP address combinations

Getting Started (20 min)

This is a great time to review the last lesson that you went through with your class. We suggest you alternate between asking questions of the whole class and having students talk about their answers in small groups.

Here are some questions that you can ask in review:

What did we do last time?

What do you wish we had had a chance to do?

Did you think of any questions after the lesson that you want to ask?

What was your favorite part of the last lesson?

Finishing the review by asking about the students' favorite things helps to leave a positive impression of the previous exercise, increasing excitement for the activity that you are about to introduce.

2) Vocabulary

This lesson has several new and important words:

IP Address - Say it with me: I-P Add-ress A number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet

DNS (Domain Name Service) - Say it with me: D-N-S The service that translates URLs to IP addresses

URL (Universal Resource Locator) - Say it with me: U-R-L An easy-to-remember address for calling a web page (like www.code.org )

Internet - Say it with me: In-ter-net A group of computers and servers that are connected to each other

Servers - Say it with me: Ser-vers Computers that exist only to provide things to others

Fiber Optic Cable - Say it with me: Fye-ber Op-tic Cay-bl A connection that uses light to transmit information

Wi-Fi - Say it with me: Wye-Fye A wireless method of sending information using radio waves

DSL/Cable - Say it with me: D-S-L / Cay-bl A method of sending information using telephone or television cables

Packets - Say it with me: Pack-ets Small chunks of information that have been carefully formed from larger chunks of information

A quick preview is all you need here. These words will all be explained as part of the lesson, so it would be far less confusing to do a brief intro to the words as a "see if you can spot these during the day" type of heads-up.

3) Getting the Message

• Ask "What is the Internet?"
• Is the Internet a public place or a private place? (Truthfully, many people think it can be both, but it should be viewed as a public space no matter what settings you think you've mastered.)
• How does information get from place to place?
• What do I do as a user?
• What do you think happens inside the Internet?

There are some great YouTube videos on this subject that can make this lesson a little easier to understand. You can show them to the class in advance, or just watch them yourself. Here is one of the most clear and entertaining versions. (We recommend stopping the video at 2:59, if possible.)

Sending a message over the Internet is a lot like sending a message through the mail...if every letter we sent required thousands of envelopes!

Every message we send through the Internet gets chopped up and each piece is wrapped in its own version of an envelope. We call those "packets." Packets are specially formed chunks of information that are able to easily flow through any of the Internet's channels.

Sometimes, a few of those packets will get lost, because the Internet is a crazy place. In that case, the packets need to be resent, and the whole message has to get put on hold until they arrive.

Where do you think those packets are headed?

• A server is a special computer that is supposed to be always on and ready to send and receive information.
• Every website has a server.
• Even email goes through servers.

Servers don't have names like you and I do. They're actually addressed using numbers. These numbers are called IP addresses, and they look a little strange.

For example: One of Code.org's IP addresses used to be 54.243.71.82

• (Please be sure to check this out in advance. Most IP addresses change from time to time and they are then reused for other sites.)

There are many ways to reach the Internet from your house, school, or place of business.

• You can connect directly using a cable (that might be DSL, Cable, or Fiber Optic)
• Or you can connect using radio waves over the air through Wi-Fi

Direct connections are most reliable, but they can be inconvenient.

• (You have to be attached to a cable!)

Wi-Fi connections are super convenient, but the aren't always reliable.

• (Radio waves bounce all over the place and can get lost.)

So, if you're used to sending information to URLs (like www.code.org ) and the servers actually have IP addresses for names (like 54.243.71.82) how does the Internet change from one to the other? That's what the DNS is for. The DNS (Domain Name Server) has tables that allow the system to go back and forth between URLs and IP addresses. If the Domain Name Servers ever stopped working, it would shut down the Internet as we know it!

If you're thinking that this is a lot of text and it would be extremely boring to try to lecture this to a class full of elementary school kids, you're absolutely right!

If you're unable to show a YouTube video in class to help explain it all, I highly recommend drawing pictures to explain each idea above, or choosing students as volunteers to act out what you describe while you're explaining. They're not expected to get every detail and definition at this point, only to gain exposure.

With that said, let's try to understand what the DNS does by making a little DNS table ourselves.

Pull out a piece of paper and draw a grid similar to that in the Internet activity:

First, we need to fill in this table.

• Survey the class for their favorite websites and write the URLs in the left column
• Use a site like http://get-site-ip.com to find the IP addresses for those sites and write them in the corresponding rows of the right column.

Now let's take this DNS Table and pretend to send messages through the Internet!

Activities: (20 min)

Directions:

1) Create your own DNS table, similar to what is shown above. 2) Have the class help you fill in the blank spots in the table. Pick your favorite URLs and find their IP addresses using a site like http://get-site-ip.com . 3) Divide into groups of 3 to 5. 4) Assign each group an IP address from the table, and each person in the group a position: The Message Writer The Internet The Server (carries the IP address) The Return Internet (optional) The Message Receiver (optional) 5) Each group will draw an IP Address Card and a Delivery Card to find out where their message is going and what their method of message delivery (Wi-Fi, Cable/DSL, or Fiber Optic Cable) will be. 6) The Message Writer will craft a note to send to the server. 7) The Internet will rip the message up into 4 small pieces called packets, then deliver each packet one at a time to the Server with the IP address that was drawn from the IP Address Card stack. 8) The Server will make sure that the message arrives in order, then will send each packet off one at a time with the Return Internet (can be the same person or different person than the original Internet). 9) The Return Internet will deliver each piece back to the Message Receiver (can be the same person or different person than the Message Writer) and put it back together. 10) The Message Receiver will wait for all of the pieces to arrive, then read the message to be sure it arrived correctly!

1) The Internet must rip the message into exactly four packets. 2) If the Internet drops a packet, they have to pick it up and go back to the start to deliver it again. 3) The server has to wait for all of the message pieces to arrive before it can begin to send the message along.

1) Wi-Fi: Convenient, but spotty. Wi-Fi doesn’t require cables, but since the signal bounces all over the place, packets can get lost pretty easily. Simulation: Internet must carry each packet on their shoulder (no hands). 2) Cable/DSL: Fairly good at delivering messages, but you must be connected to a wire. Simulation: Internet must carry each packet on the back of one hand and must keep the other hand touching a wall, desk, chair or the floor at all times. 3) Fiber Optic Cable: The best at delivering messages, but you must be connected to a wire. Simulation: Internet can carry packets in hand, but must keep the other hand touching a wall, desk, chair or the floor at all times.

To play this game, you can have your groups cluster anywhere, but for the first time it can be less confusing to have groups play in a line.

• Line up the servers on one end of the room (holding their IP addresses). The Return Internet players can be over there as well (if you have that many people in each group).
• Have the everyone else line up across from their server at the other side of the room.
• The Message Senders will likely be sending their messages to a server other than their own, so the Internet players will likely cross over from group to group. It may look something like the diagram below:

If it feels like there are too many rules to explain outright, feel free to post them on the board and just explain the game as you go. You can play multiple rounds until the class really understands.

Wrap-up (5 min)

5) flash chat: what did we learn.

• Why might it take your message a long time to get somewhere?

Flash Chat questions are intended to spark big-picture thinking about how the lesson relates to the greater world and the students' greater future. Use your knowledge of your classroom to decide if you want to discuss these as a class, in groups, or with an elbow partner.

6) Vocab Shmocab

• Which one of these definitions did we learn a word for today?

"A piece of code that you can call over and over again" "Computers that exist only to provide information to others" "The bottom leg of a triangle" ...and what is the word that we learned?

What was your favorite new word?

Is there a word that we learned today whose meaning you remember, but don't remember the word?

Is there a word that we learned where you remember the word, but not what it means?

Assessment (5 min)

• Hand out the assessment worksheet and allow students to complete the activity independently after the instructions have been well explained.
• This should feel familiar, thanks to the previous activities.

Connections and Background Information

Iste standards (formerly nets).

• 5.a - Advocate and practice safe, legal, and responsible use of information and technology.
• 5.b - Exhibit a positive attitude toward using technology that supports collaboration, learning, and productivity.
• 6.a - Understand and use technology systems.

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards

• CI.L1:3-01. Practice responsible digital citizenship (legal and ethical behaviors) in the use of technology systems and software.
• CPP.L2-06. Demonstrate good practices in personal information security: using passwords, encryption, secure transactions.
• CD.L1:6-04. Identify that information is coming to the computer from many sources over a network.
• CD.L2-06. Describe the major components and functions of computer systems and networks.

Common Core Language Arts

• SL.3.1 - Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 3 topics and texts, building on others' ideas and expressing their own clearly.
• SL.3.3 - Ask and answer questions about information from a speaker, offering appropriate elaboration and detail.
• L.3.6 - Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate conversational, general academic, and domain-specific words and phrases, including those that signal spatial and temporal relationships.
• SL.4.1 - Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 4 topics and texts, building on others' ideas and expressing their own clearly.
• L.4.6 - Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, including those that signal precise actions, emotions, or states of being and that are basic to a particular topic.
• SL.5.1 - Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 5 topics and texts, building on others' ideas and expressing their own clearly.
• L.5.6 - Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, including those that signal contrast, addition, and other logical relationships

Home » Tips for Using the Internet » A Brief History of the Internet

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A Brief History of the Internet

Sharing resources.

The Internet started in the 1960s as a way for government researchers to share information. Computers in the '60s were large and immobile and in order to make use of information stored in any one computer, one had to either travel to the site of the computer or have magnetic computer tapes sent through the conventional postal system.

Another catalyst in the formation of the Internet was the heating up of the Cold War. The Soviet Union's launch of the Sputnik satellite spurred the U.S. Defense Department to consider ways information could still be disseminated even after a nuclear attack. This eventually led to the formation of the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), the network that ultimately evolved into what we now know as the Internet. ARPANET was a great success but membership was limited to certain academic and research organizations who had contracts with the Defense Department. In response to this, other networks were created to provide information sharing.

January 1, 1983 is considered the official birthday of the Internet. Prior to this, the various computer networks did not have a standard way to communicate with each other. A new communications protocol was established called Transfer Control Protocol/Internetwork Protocol (TCP/IP). This allowed different kinds of computers on different networks to "talk" to each other. ARPANET and the Defense Data Network officially changed to the TCP/IP standard on January 1, 1983, hence the birth of the Internet. All networks could now be connected by a universal language.

The image above is a scale model of the UNIVAC I (the name stood for Universal Automatic Computer) which was delivered to the Census Bureau in 1951. It weighed some 16,000 pounds, used 5,000 vacuum tubes, and could perform about 1,000 calculations per second. It was the first American commercial computer, as well as the first computer designed for business use. (Business computers like the UNIVAC processed data more slowly than the IAS-type machines, but were designed for fast input and output.) The first few sales were to government agencies, the A.C. Nielsen Company, and the Prudential Insurance Company. The first UNIVAC for business applications was installed at the General Electric Appliance Division, to do payroll, in 1954. By 1957 Remington-Rand (which had purchased the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation in 1950) had sold forty-six machines.

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Introduction to Internet

Computers and their structures are tough to approach, and it is made even extra tough while you want to recognize phrases associated with the difficulty this is already utilized in regular English, Network, and the net will appear to be absolutely wonderful from one some other, however, they may seem like identical.

A network is a group of two or more computer systems (Multiple gadgets, additionally called hosts), which are related through a couple of channels for the motive of sending and receiving data (records/media) in a shared environment. The community also can consist of serval gadgets/mediums that resource communique among or extra machines; those gadgets are called Network devices and consist of routers, switches, hubs, and bridges, amongst others.

Internet is a group of computer systems connected from all around the world. The Internet protocol suite is a framework defined through the Internet standards. Methods are divided right into a layered set of protocols on this architecture. The Internet gives a huge variety of statistics and communique offerings, which includes forums, databases, email, and hypertext. It is made of the neighborhood to global personal, public networks connected through plenty of digital, wireless, and networking technologies.

The Internet is a worldwide interconnected network of hundreds of thousands of computers of various types that belong to multiple networks.

Working of the internet: The internet is a global computer network that connects various devices and sends a lot of information and media. It uses an Internet Protocol (IP) and Transport Control Protocol (TCP)-based packet routing network. TCP and IP work together to ensure that data transmission across the internet is consistent and reliable, regardless of the device or location. Data is delivered across the internet in the form of messages and packets. A message is a piece of data delivered over the internet, but before it is sent, it is broken down into smaller pieces known as packets.

IP is a set of rules that control how data is transmitted from one computer to another via the internet. The IP system receives further instructions on how the data should be transferred using a numerical address (IP Address). The TCP is used with IP to ensure that data is transferred in a secure and reliable manner. This ensures that no packets are lost, that packets are reassembled in the correct order, and that there is no delay that degrades data quality.

History of Internet 

Talking about the history of internet , the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, later renamed the internet) established a successful link between the University of California Los Angeles and the Stanford Research Institute on October 29, 1969. Libraries automate and network catalogs outside of ARPANET in the late 1960s.

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol) is established in the 1970s, allowing internet technology to mature. The development of these protocols aided in the standardization of how data was sent and received via the internet. NSFNET (National Science Foundation Network), the 56 Kbps backbone of the internet, was financed by the National Science Foundation in 1986. Because government monies were being used to administer and maintain it, there were commercial restrictions in place at the time.

In the year 1991, a user-friendly internet interface was developed. Delphi was the first national commercial online service to offer internet connectivity in July 1992. Later in May 1995, All restrictions on commercial usage of the internet are lifted. As a result, the internet has been able to diversify and grow swiftly. Wi-Fi was first introduced in 1997. The year is 1998, and Windows 98 is released. Smartphone use is widespread in 2007. The 4G network is launched in 2009. The internet is used by 3 billion people nowadays. By 2030, there are expected to be 7.5 billion internet users and 500 billion devices linked to the internet.

Uses of the Internet:

• E-mail: E-mail is an electronic message sent across a network from one computer user to one or more recipients. It refers to the internet services in which messages are sent from and received by servers. 
• Web Chat: Web chat is an application that allows you to send and receive messages in real-time with others. By using Internet chat software, the user can log on to specific websites and talk with a variety of other users online. Chat software is interactive software that allows users to enter comments in one window and receive responses from others who are using the same software in another window.
• World Wide Web: The World Wide Web is the Internet’s most popular information exchange service. It provides users with access to a large number of documents that are linked together using hypertext or hyperlinks.
• E-commerce: E-commerce refers to electronic business transactions made over the Internet. It encompasses a wide range of product and service-related online business activities.
• Internet telephony: The technique that converts analog speech impulses into digital signals and routes them through packet-switched networks of the internet is known as internet telephony.
• Video conferencing: The term “video conferencing” refers to the use of voice and images to communicate amongst users.

Web Client 

The client (or user) side of the Internet. The Web browser on the user’s computer or mobile device is referred to as a Web client. It could also apply to browser extensions and helper software that improve the browser’s ability to support specific site services.

Web browser

A web browser is a software program software that searches for, retrieves, and presentations material which includes Web pages, photos, videos, and different files. The browser sends a request to the Webserver, which then transmits the statistics returned to the browser, which presentations the findings at the laptop. Example – Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome, Safari etc.

An internet web page (additionally called a web page) is a report that may be regarded in an internet browser at the World Wide Web. HTML (HyperText Markup Language) and CSS (Cascading Style Sheet) are used to generate the primary shape of an internet web page. An internet web page is generally a segment of an internet site that carries statistics in plenty of formats, which includes textual content inside the shape of paragraphs, lists, tables, and so on.

The home web page is the beginning or first web page of an internet site. It gives trendy statistics and connections to all the internet pages which are associated. Every internet web page has its personal deal with. This may be visible withinside the deal with the bar. As a result, if we need to get admission to a selected internet web page, the deal needs to be placed inside the browser’s deal with bar.

An internet site, in trendy, is a group of statistics approximately statistics prepared into many internet pages. An internet site is probably made for a sure motive, subject matter, or to provide a service. An internet site (abbreviated as “website” or “site”) is a group of online pages connected collectively through links and saved on an internet server. By clicking on links, a tourist can pass from one web page to the next. An internet site’s pages also are connected below one area call and proportion a not unusual place subject matter and template.

Search Engine

Search engines are websites that search on the internet on behalf of users and show a listing of results. More than actually written may be discovered on seek engines. You can be capable of looking for different online content material which includes photographs, video content material, books, and news, in addition to gadgets and offerings, relying on the seek engine you are the use of.

To make use of the Internet, you do not always want to recognize the deal with an internet site. It is crucial to recognize the way to do a look for statistics . Using a seek engine is one of the only methods to seek. A seek engine can help you in finding what you are looking for. You also can appearance up net maps and instructions to help you to plot your adventure from one factor to some other. Example: Google, Bing, DuckDuckGo, yahoo, etc.

Web 1.0: The Beginning of the Internet

Web 1.0, which emerged with the invention of the Internet, featured static web pages that could only be viewed. These early websites were essentially digital brochures, with limited interactivity and no ability for users to contribute content. This era saw the rise of early browsers such as Mosaic and Netscape Navigator, which made it easier for users to access the Web.

Web 2.0: The Era of Social Media and User-Generated Content

Web 2.0, which emerged during the “ Internet Boom ” era of the late 1990s and early 2000s, introduced more dynamic web pages and websites, and allowed for user-generated content. This era saw the rise of social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube, as well as the introduction of blogs, wikis, and other forms of user-generated content.

Web 3.0: The Future of the Internet

Web 3.0, which is still in development, promises to bring a more personalized and intuitive experience for users. It is expected to be more intelligent and able to understand the context and intent of the user’s actions. This will be achieved through the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies.

Many experts in the tech industry claimed that Web 3.0 is the next evolution of the internet that is focused on decentralization, intelligence, and security. It aims to create a more personalized, intuitive, and inclusive experience for users by leveraging new technologies such as blockchain and artificial intelligence. The goal of Web 3.0 is to make the internet more democratic, open-source, and secure.

Differentiation between Network and Internet

The number one distinction between a network and the internet is that a network is made of computer systems that are bodily related and may be used as a personal laptop at the same time as additionally sharing records. The Internet, on the alternative hand, might be an era that connects those small and massive networks and creates a brand new in-intensity community.

Advantages of the Internet:

• It is the best source of a wide range of information. There is no better place to conduct research than the internet.
• Online gaming, talking, browsing, music, movies, dramas, and TV series are quickly becoming the most popular ways to pass the time.
• Because there are hundreds of thousands of newsgroups and services that keep you updated with every tick of the clock, the Internet is a source of the most recent news.
• Because of virtual shops where you may buy anything you want and need without leaving your house, internet shopping is becoming increasingly popular. Recently, virtual shops have been making a lot of money.
• With the emergence of online businesses, virtual stores, and credit card usage, purchasing goods without going to the store has never been easier.

Disadvantages of the Internet:

• Spending too much time on the internet is hazardous for the young generation’s physical and mental health.
• Children who use the internet develop an addiction, which is quite dangerous.
• It is now quite easy to decipher someone’s chat or email messages thanks to the hacking community.
• With the emergence of online stores, people prefer to order online rather than going to local stores which results in less social interactions among people.

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Evaluating Internet Resources

Unlike similar information found in newspapers or television broadcasts, information available on the Internet is not regulated for quality or accuracy; therefore, it is particularly important for the individual Internet user to evaluate the resource or information. Keep in mind that almost anyone can publish anything they wish on the Web. It is often difficult to determine authorship of Web sources, and even if the author is listed, he or she may not always represent him or herself honestly, or he or she may represent opinions as fact. The responsibility is on the user to evaluate resources effectively. Remember to evaluate Wikipedia articles too;  Evaluating Wikipedia gives some tips.

Ask yourself these questions before using resources from the Internet:

• Is the name of the author/creator on the page?
• Are his/her credentials listed (occupation, years of experience, position or education)?
• Is the author qualified to write on the given topic? Why?
• Is there contact information, such as an email address, somewhere on the page?
• Is there a link to a homepage?
• If there is a link to a homepage, is it for an individual or for an organization?
• If the author is with an organization, does it appear to support or sponsor the page?
• What does the domain name/URL reveal about the source of the information, if anything?
• If the owner is not identified, what can you tell about the origin of the site from the address?

Note: To find relevant information about the author, check personal homepages on the Web, campus directory entries and information retrieved through search engines. Also check print sources in the Library Reference area; Who's Who in America, Biography Index, and other biographical sources can be used to determine the author's credentials.

Knowing the motive behind the page's creation can help you judge its content.

• Scholarly audience or experts?
• General public or novices?
• Inform or Teach?
• Explain or Enlighten?
• Sell a Product?

Objectivity

• Is the information covered fact, opinion, or propaganda?
• Is the author's point-of-view objective and impartial?
• Is the language free of emotion-rousing words and bias?
• Is the author affiliated with an organization?
• Does the author's affiliation with an institution or organization appear to bias the information?
• Does the content of the page have the official approval of the institution, organization, or company? 
• Are the sources for factual information clearly listed so that the information can be verified?
• Is it clear who has the ultimate responsibility for the accuracy of the content of the material?
• Can you verify any of the information in independent sources or from your own knowledge?
• Has the information been reviewed or refereed?
• Is the information free of grammatical, spelling, or typographical errors?

Reliability and Credibility

• Why should anyone believe information from this site?
• Does the information appear to be valid and well-researched, or is it unsupported by evidence?
• Are quotes and other strong assertions backed by sources that you could check through other means?
• What institution (company, government, university, etc.) supports this information?
• If it is an institution, have you heard of it before? Can you find more information about it?
• Is there a non-Web equivalent of this material that would provide a way of verifying its legitimacy?
• If timeliness of the information is important, is it kept up-to-date?
• Is there an indication of when the site was last updated?
• Are links related to the topic and useful to the purpose of the site?
• Are links still current, or have they become dead ends?
• What kinds of sources are linked?
• Are the links evaluated or annotated in any way?
• Note: The quality of Web pages linked to the original Web page may vary; therefore, you must always evaluate each Web site independently.
• Be very critical of any information you find on the Web and carefully examine each site.
• Web pages are susceptible to both accidental and deliberate alteration, and may move or disappear with no notice.
• Print out or download all pages you plan to use in your research so that your bibliography will be complete and accurate.
• Are you sure the Web is where you want to be? It may take an hour to find the answer to a question on the Web that would take a Reference Librarian two minutes to find. When in doubt, ask a Librarian!

More From Forbes

Gen-z slang is revolutionizing work jargon.

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Gen-Z's convergence of the physical and chronically online self has led to the introduction of a new ... [+] office vernacular, reshaping professional communications.

One of the most significant shifts currently happening in the workforce is the rise of Generation Z. This cohort, born between the mid-to-late 1990s and the early 2010s, is projected to make up nearly 30% of the labor force by 2025, according to the World Economic Forum.

As digital natives, Gen-Z have no memory of a time before the widespread adoption of smartphones and social media. For this generation, the integration of physical and digital identities have become standard. This convergence of the physical and chronically online self has led to the introduction of a new office vernacular, reshaping professional communications.

Decoding Gen-Z Slang In The Workplace

Gen-Z's influence on workplace communication blends internet culture, social media trends and diverse linguistic influences into professional settings.

As workplaces become increasingly multigenerational, understanding and adapting to different communication styles is key. Gen-Z employees may choose to "code switch" or adjust their language depending on the context and the colleagues they're interacting with. This approach can help bridge generational communication gaps while still allowing for authentic expression.

The following are some examples of Gen-Z jargon, their meanings and origins.

Please note that this is meant as a fun guide to help you, dear reader, communicate better with your Gen-Z colleagues. When using in-group terms, memes, lingo and phrases in an office setting, it's essential to gauge your audience and the workplace culture.

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"Slay" is used as a form of high praise, similar to "killing it." It originated in Black and LGBTQ+ communities and gained widespread popularity through social media platforms like TikTok.

In the workplace context, a Gen-Zer could use "slay" to express strong approval or praise for a colleague's accomplishment or performance. For example, after a successful presentation or project completion, a Gen-Z employee might say to their coworker, "You absolutely slayed that presentation!" This usage conveys enthusiasm and admiration for the colleague's work.

The phrase "no cap" essentially means "I'm telling the truth" or "I'm not lying." Its origins lie in African American Vernacular English and hip-hop culture, where it was used to assert authenticity.

In the workplace, a Gen-Z employee may use "no cap" to emphasize transparency, honesty or sincerity in their statements. For instance, during a meeting, they might say, "No cap, I really think our project will exceed expectations if we stick to this timeline." This usage signals to colleagues that the speaker is being genuine and straightforward about their belief in the project's potential.

"Lit" is used to describe something exciting, enjoyable or cool. This term has roots in jazz culture of the 1910s , but has evolved and gained new popularity among younger generations.

In the workplace, "lit" conveys enthusiasm and positivity, making it a casual way to express approval or excitement about a project, event or achievement.

An appropriate way to use "lit" in a sentence when communicating with a colleague or manager could be: "The team collaboration on this project has been lit; I really appreciate everyone's contributions!" This usage conveys a sense of excitement and positivity about the teamwork involved.

“Rizz” is a slang term that stands for "charisma" and refers to someone's ability to charm or attract others, particularly in romantic contexts. The term was coined by YouTuber and Twitch streamer Kai Cenat and gained widespread popularity in 2022.

It has since become a part of mainstream vernacular and was even named the Oxford English Dictionary's “ Word of the Year ” for 2023. While "rizz" originally described someone's "game" or ability to woo others, it has evolved to encompass general swagger, self-assurance and coolness.

In the workplace, a Gen-Z employee may use "rizz" to compliment a colleague's charisma or ability to engage others effectively. For example, in a meeting, they could say, "Your presentation had so much rizz; everyone was captivated by your delivery." This usage highlights the colleague's engaging and impressive performance.

"Ick" is used to describe a sudden feeling of disgust or loss of attraction toward someone, often for a trivial reason. This term has roots in psychology, but has been adopted and popularized by Gen-Z.

In a professional setting, using "ick" while maintaining a professional tone can be challenging but achievable. For instance, a Gen-Z employee might say, "I got an ick when I noticed the inconsistencies in the report; we need to address these issues before the client meeting." This usage conveys a sense of discomfort or dissatisfaction with a specific aspect of the work.

Understood The Assignment

The phrase "understood the assignment" is a popular slang expression used to acknowledge someone who has performed exceptionally well or exceeded expectations. It originated from the context of academic or workplace assignments, where understanding the task leads to excellent results.

Its prominence was further boosted by American rapper Tay Money's song, " The Assignment ," which included lyrics referencing the phrase.

In an office setting, a Gen-Z employee may say, "Our marketing team really understood the assignment with this campaign; they've exceeded our target metrics and captured our brand essence perfectly."

"Sus," short for suspicious, is used to describe something or someone that seems untrustworthy or questionable. This term gained significant popularity through the online game Among Us .

In the workplace, you may use "sus" in a sentence like this: "The way management handled the layoffs feels sus; it seems like there was no clear communication."

This usage reflects your feelings about trust and transparency.

Some Other Commonly Used Gen-Z Lingo

• Vibe : the overall atmosphere or feeling of a situation, person or place. It's often used to describe the general mood or energy in the office or during a meeting.
• Bet : expresses agreement or acceptance, similar to saying "okay" or "sure." It can be used to acknowledge a task or confirm understanding of instructions.
• Menty B : a mental breakdown, usually used for minor stressful situations
• That slaps : what you say when something is very good
• Stan : to support something
• Facts : to express that something is true
• Fire : expresses that something is awesome, cool or impressive
• G.O.A.T. : means the “greatest of all time,” deriving from the sports arena
• Say Less : conveys clear agreement and confirmation of shared feelings or sentiments
• FR : short for "for real"
• Flex : a showcase of accomplishments and self-promotion
• Glow Up : refers to a positive personal transformation—a testament to resilience, growth, milestones and breakthroughs
• Period : punctuates statements with unwavering finality, embodying conviction and resolve and leaving no room for debate or ambiguity
• Basic : denotes a lack of originality or independent thought
• Unserious : lightheartedly highlights the whimsical or frivolous nature of a subject or individual, dismissing them
• L or W : refers to wins or losses, symbolizing triumphs and setbacks
• Cringe : describes a strong feeling of discomfort, embarrassment or awkwardness in response to someone's behavior, words or actions
• Delulu : derives from the word “delusional” and refers to individuals who are perceived as being out of touch with reality
• Brat : introduced by British pop star Charli XCX and denotes a confident, carefree and rebellious attitude

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Computers and the Internet

Course: computers and the internet   >   unit 3, ip addresses.

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