uq engineering thesis

Thesis coursework information

• Current students

Many students from the School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, both undergraduate and postgraduate, will undertake an individual capstone thesis course in the final year of their program (degree).

The following pages will help you navigate the thesis process.

• Choosing your thesis topic
• Enrol in your thesis
• Assessment items
• Formatting your thesis
• Submitting your thesis
• Workplace health and safety

Useful resources

1. choosing your thesis topic, thesis project information session.

The School will hold an information session covering many common question for students starting their Thesis Project course.

The upcoming information sessions are as follows:

Semester 2, 2024

Semester 1, 2025

Project offerings

There are two types of project on offer:  specialised  thesis projects are offered by individual academics (and often align with that academic’s research expertise and interests), and are conducted under the supervision of that individual. They are usually only suitable for a small number of students (i.e. one or two). In contrast,  super  thesis projects are broad thesis topics aligned to the School’s research areas. It is possible for many students to undertake the same super thesis project at the same time, and these topics are supervised by an academic team. Regardless of the type of project selected, all thesis projects are individual, and the assessment items are the same.

Each semester, topics (both  specialised  and  super ) are advertised on the Faculty's  Project Database  (remember to ensure the correct semester of commencement has been selected, i.e. Semester 1 2024, and filter by 'EECS'). You can search on a number of parameters to help you discover topics that interest you. Feel free to approach potential supervisors to ask more about their projects or to suggest topics of you own. 

Note that some project courses are only available by permission or under special circumstances. See the thesis course listing for details.

Explore the School by research area , School research staff by research group , or visit Contact to search by staff member. 

Project allocation

Once students have reviewed the thesis project topics on offer (either at the information session, or via the project database), they need to consult directly with their prospective supervisors. It is highly recommended that students consult with a variety of prospective supervisors as early as possible as there is always high demand for projects and supervisors. Students are responsible for following up with a prospective supervisor if they have not had a response after 5 business days. When contacting prospective supervisors, please include the information as per this  template (DOCX, 14.3 KB) .

Project allocations are made directly by supervisors once a successful consultation with a student has taken place – a supervisor makes an allocation by assigning a student to a project in the project database. Students should check their allocation in the Project Database and contact EECS Thesis Enquiries ( [email protected] ) if their supervisor has not allocated them into the database by the end of Week 2.

• Academic advice
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• Student Consultative Committee
• Thesis assessment items
• EECS Learning Centre
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• Project database

Apply for a coursework research thesis

Follow our step-by-step instructions to apply for research courses involving a thesis or research report, as part of your undergraduate or postgraduate coursework program.   The application process takes time, so to avoid disappointment please ensure you plan and apply for your project as soon as possible. A thesis is a guided, independent research project conducted through a series of advisory meetings and self-directed study. It offers students the opportunity to undertake a focussed research project in a specific area of research interest. It is expected that students will achieve an advanced level of academic argument and the mastery of instruments for constructing and expressing that argument. The research project culminates in a body of work that communicates the process, outcomes and value of the research. This may include (as agreed with the thesis supervisor): a written dissertation, fieldwork reports, artefacts from material experiments, and research reports. Students will have an individual supervisor and meet for approximately one hour per week, or a blocked equivalent. The thesis student cohort, coordinator and supervisors will meet during the semester to provide an overview and comparison of the research being undertaken and the expectations for thesis.  Students who are considering enrolling in a Higher Degree by Research degree (Master or Doctor of Philosophy) in the future are strongly encouraged to undertake the thesis option. If you have any queries about this process, email us via [email protected] including your name and student number in your message.  

BRTP(Hons) Thesis

1. eligibility .

Students wanting to complete a larger research component in their program may apply to enrol in the Bachelor of Regional and Town Planning (Honours) (BRTP Hons). Students complete the thesis via PLAN4008.

Enrolling in BRTP (Hons) is available to students who:

• have completed at least 42 units towards the Bachelor of Regional and Town Planning (BRTP), including PLAN3001, and either:
• have a GPA of 5.5 in the 42 units of BRTP courses OR
• satisfied the Head of School that the applicant is qualified to undertake honours
• have completed or starting GEOS6001
• have the support of a potential supervisor on a topic outlined in the application.

2. Choose a project area 

You will need to choose a topic for your research project. You may wish to create your own project in collaboration with a supervisor based on our research or select from a currently available project. 

3. Find a supervisor

You will need to find a supervisor whose research aligns to the project you are intending to undertake. Contact details for all of our staff on Our People  pages. Once you have identified a suitable supervisor, email them to introduce yourself and provide a brief description of your project idea. Please note: Some staff may have limited capacity to supervise projects, so keep an alternative supervisor in mind to avoid disappointment. You'll need confirmation from a supervisor that they're available before you can advance to the next step in the application process.

4. Apply online

You must have a confirmed supervisor to advance to this step in the application process. Once you have a supervisor, apply for permission through mySI-net. Navigate to mySI-net Requests > Program Change Request. Select to change from BRTP to BRTP(Hons).  Please include your supervisor’s name in the comments section. If you do not meet the GPA requirements but you have obtained Head of School approval, please note this in the comments section.

5. Enrol in your chosen course

Once we have processed your application, you'll receive an email confirming your permission to enrol and the course code details.  You will then need to enrol in this course via mySInet . Check the Electronic Course Profile (ECP) for details of your assessment requirements and deadlines. If you have any queries or experience difficulties with this step of the application process, email us via [email protected]  

Master’s Thesis

1. eligibility, master of architecture.

Master of Architecture (MArch) students can apply to enrol in a 2-unit or 4-unit thesis. Students commencing in Semester 1 enrol in ARCH7060 (4 units) for Sem 1 and Sem 2; Students commencing in Semester 2 enrol in ARCH7061 (4 units) for Sem 2 and the following Sem 1.  Thesis is available to MArch students who:

• have completed 16 units from the MArch course list (including a 2-unit MArch Research course to enrol in ARCH7063),
• have, or expect to have a GPA of 5.5 or above,
• have gained permission of the Course Coordinator
• and have the support of a potential supervisor on a topic outlined on the application.

Students who do not meet the criteria above will be considered on a case-by-case basis.

Master of Urban and Regional Planning

Master of Urban and Regional Planning (MURP) students can apply to enrol in Research Project Courses. Students complete the Research project via ENVM7110 or ENVM7127. Research project courses are available to MURP students who:

• have completed at least 8 units from Core Courses with a GPA of 6 or higher, or
• have gained permission of the Course Coordinator; and
• have the support of a potential supervisor on a topic outlined on the application.

Master of Urban Development and Design

Master of Urban Development and Design (MUrbDevDes) students can apply to enrol in a year-long 4-unit thesis component of their program.  Students commencing in Semester 1 enrol in UDAD7060 for Sem 1 and Sem 2; Students commencing in Semester 2 enrol in UDAD7061 for Sem 2 and the following Sem 1. Thesis is available to MUrbDevDes students who:

• have completed 6 units of MUrbDevDes core courses,
• have gained permission of the Course Coordinator 

2. Choose a project area

You'll need to choose a topic for your research project. You may wish to create your own project in collaboration with a supervisor based on our research , or select from a currently available project. 

You will need to find a supervisor whose research aligns to the project you are intending to undertake. Contact details for all of our staff on Our People pages. Once you have identified a suitable supervisor, email them to introduce yourself and provide a brief description of your project idea. Please note: Some staff may have limited capacity to supervise projects, so keep an alternative supervisor in mind to avoid disappointment. You'll need confirmation from a supervisor that they're available before you can advance to the next step in the application process.

You must have a confirmed supervisor to advance to this step in the application process. Once you have a supervisor, apply for permission to enrol by filling in our project application form. You will need to provide a title and short description of your project - discuss this with your supervisor before completing the form. The Course Coordinator will decide on applications in consultation with your proposed supervisor and based on your academic record. 

Once we have processed your application, you'll receive an email confirming your permission to enrol and the course code details.  You'll then need to enrol in this course via mySInet . Check the Electronic Course Profile (ECP) for details of your assessment requirements and deadlines. If you have any queries or experience difficulties with this step of the application process, email us via [email protected]    

• Find theses for your research

Find UQ theses

Online uq theses via uq espace, print copies of uq theses, uq schools' theses, ordering copies of uq theses (for non-uq clients).

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UQ Library holds Higher Degree by Research theses and some Honours and Coursework master's theses. 

Print or online UQ theses

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UQ eSpace is the institutional repository for UQ research publications, including UQ Higher Degree by Research theses

Find online versions of UQ theses :

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• At Work type choose Thesis
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A UQ staff or student log in may be required to view the full text of online theses. Some theses may be unavailable due to embargoes.

To request access to a print copy of a UQ thesis:

UQ students and staff and Alumni Library members: 

• Make sure you have logged in 
• Click on the  Available at link in the result in Library Search

• Complete the form details. 

• Click on the  Place a Request  button

Many theses are kept within collections in University of Queensland schools.

This is often the only way to obtain honours theses and coursework master's theses.

Please contact the appropriate school .

If you are NOT a UQ student, UQ staff member or Alumni member of the UQ Library you can:

• order copies of UQ Theses
• place requests through your own educational institution or local library.
• order copies online via the National Library of Australia's  Copies Direct service.
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UQ Chemical Engineering is a true global leader in ensuring undergraduates are trained and prepared to tackle the growing challenges of the world in the 21st Century.

A major part of this leadership is through the delivery of our globally recognised, team-based project-centred curriculum. Focusing on project work, supported by and integrated with all core teaching and learning activities, the curriculum is designed to mirror professional workplace practices.

At UQ, you’ll gain access to industry leaders and global opportunities. You’ll be empowered with adaptive skills and transferable capabilities to go further in every possible future.

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• 7 Moments In History That...

7 Moments in History That Shaped Yekaterinburg

A young city by Russian standards, Yekaterinburg grew from industrial beginnings into a modern city with a vibrant arts scene. On the cusp of both Europe and Asia, it was created for its closeness to one of Russia’s most prosperous mountain ranges. Its locality saw the city through World War II and took it into the tumultuous 90s, when the city became a hotbed for lawlessness as the Soviet Union transitioned into the Russia Federation. Discover the stories that defined the character of contemporary Yekaterinburg .

Natural wealth.

Market, Museum

End of an Empire

The Russian Revolution brought an ending to Imperial Russia. In 1918, the Romanov family (Tsar Nicholas, his wife Alexandrea and their children Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Alexei) were executed by the Bolsheviks. Their bodies were then disposed of in an unused mine, just on the outskirts of Yekaterinburg. The death of the family herald a new era for the country and thrust Russia into the communist state that was only dismantled in 1991. In the city centre, not far from the Iset River, the Church upon the Blood stands on the family’s execution site. Likewise, a short trip out of town, the Ganina Yama Monastery has been built next to the old mine that pays homage to Russia’s last royal family.

Church upon the Blood, Ulitsa Tolmacheva 34, Yekaterinburg, Russia , +7 343 371-61-68

Ganina Yama Monastery, Ganina Yama, Yekaterinburg, Russia, +7 343 283-03-74

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World War II

The city changed its’s name to Sverdlovsk, in honour of the Bolshevik who was one of Stalin’s trusted confidants. Over 700 factories and state technical institutions relocated to the area from Western Russia in efforts to maintain production during WWII. Many factories and institutions stayed when WWII ended, further strengthening the city’s industrial importance and paving the way for further industrial development. During the war the Hermitage Museum collections were in part relocated to the city in 1941 and remained there until 1945.

A closed city

The rise of the new leader

Mafia warfare.

The collapse of the Soviet Union spun Russia into uncertain times. The initiation of perestroika , the restructuring of Russia’s economic and political system, saw unemployment rise and made the nation vulnerable to corruption as people tried to take advantage of a changing economic structure. During the volatile and unstable times of the 1990s Yekaterinburg was home to mafia turf wars between feuding gangs in pursuit of their own agendas. Chiefly the Uralmash Gang and the Central gang, whose warring turned Yekaterinburg into a bloody battle ground. The mafia buried their clan in cemeteries on the outskirts of the city, complete with ostentatious and gaudy tombstones.

Shirokorechenskoe Cemetery, Yekaterinburg, Russia

Shirokaya Rechka Cemetery, Yekaterinburg, Russia

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• Places - European, Western and Northern Russia

YEKATERINBURG: FACTORIES, URAL SIGHTS, YELTSIN AND THE WHERE NICHOLAS II WAS KILLED

Sverdlovsk oblast.

Sverdlovsk Oblast is the largest region in the Urals; it lies in the foothills of mountains and contains a monument indicating the border between Europe and Asia. The region covers 194,800 square kilometers (75,200 square miles), is home to about 4.3 million people and has a population density of 22 people per square kilometer. About 83 percent of the population live in urban areas. Yekaterinburg is the capital and largest city, with 1.5 million people. For Russians, the Ural Mountains are closely associated with Pavel Bazhov's tales and known for folk crafts such as Kasli iron sculpture, Tagil painting, and copper embossing. Yekaterinburg is the birthplace of Russia’s iron and steel industry, taking advantage of the large iron deposits in the Ural mountains. The popular Silver Ring of the Urals tourist route starts here.

In the summer you can follow in the tracks of Yermak, climb relatively low Ural mountain peaks and look for boulders seemingly with human faces on them. You can head to the Gemstone Belt of the Ural mountains, which used to house emerald, amethyst and topaz mines. In the winter you can go ice fishing, ski and cross-country ski.

Sverdlovsk Oblast and Yekaterinburg are located near the center of Russia, at the crossroads between Europe and Asia and also the southern and northern parts of Russia. Winters are longer and colder than in western section of European Russia. Snowfalls can be heavy. Winter temperatures occasionally drop as low as - 40 degrees C (-40 degrees F) and the first snow usually falls in October. A heavy winter coat, long underwear and good boots are essential. Snow and ice make the sidewalks very slippery, so footwear with a good grip is important. Since the climate is very dry during the winter months, skin moisturizer plus lip balm are recommended. Be alert for mud on street surfaces when snow cover is melting (April-May). Patches of mud create slippery road conditions.

Yekaterinburg

Yekaterinburg (kilometer 1818 on the Trans-Siberian Railway) is the fourth largest city in Russia, with of 1.5 million and growth rate of about 12 percent, high for Russia. Located in the southern Ural mountains, it was founded by Peter the Great and named after his wife Catherine, it was used by the tsars as a summer retreat and is where tsar Nicholas II and his family were executed and President Boris Yeltsin lived most of his life and began his political career. The city is near the border between Europe and Asia.

Yekaterinburg (also spelled Ekaterinburg) is located on the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains in the headwaters of the Iset and Pyshma Rivers. The Iset runs through the city center. Three ponds — Verkh-Isetsky, Gorodskoy and Nizhne-Isetsky — were created on it. Yekaterinburg has traditionally been a city of mining and was once the center of the mining industry of the Urals and Siberia. Yekaterinburg remains a major center of the Russian armaments industry and is sometimes called the "Pittsburgh of Russia.". A few ornate, pastel mansions and wide boulevards are reminders of the tsarist era. The city is large enough that it has its own Metro system but is characterized mostly by blocky Soviet-era apartment buildings. The city has advanced under President Vladimir Putin and is now one of the fastest growing places in Russia, a country otherwise characterized by population declines

Yekaterinburg is technically an Asian city as it lies 32 kilometers east of the continental divide between Europe and Asia. The unofficial capital of the Urals, a key region in the Russian heartland, it is second only to Moscow in terms of industrial production and capital of Sverdlovsk oblast. Among the important industries are ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, machine building and metalworking, chemical and petrochemicals, construction materials and medical, light and food industries. On top of being home of numerous heavy industries and mining concerns, Yekaterinburg is also a major center for industrial research and development and power engineering as well as home to numerous institutes of higher education, technical training, and scientific research. In addition, Yekaterinburg is the largest railway junction in Russia: the Trans-Siberian Railway passes through it, the southern, northern, western and eastern routes merge in the city.

Accommodation: There are two good and affordable hotels — the 3-star Emerald and Parus hotels — located close to the city's most popular landmarks and main transport interchanges in the center of Yekaterinburg. Room prices start at RUB 1,800 per night.

History of Yekaterinburg

Yekaterinburg was founded in 1723 by Peter the Great and named after his wife Catherine I. It was used by the tsars as a summer retreat but was mainly developed as metalworking and manufacturing center to take advantage of the large deposits of iron and other minerals in the Ural mountains. It is best known to Americans as the place where the last Tsar and his family were murdered by the Bolsheviks in 1918 and near where American U-2 spy plane, piloted by Gary Powers, was shot down in 1960.

Peter the Great recognized the importance of the iron and copper-rich Urals region for Imperial Russia's industrial and military development. In November 1723, he ordered the construction of a fortress factory and an ironworks in the Iset River Valley, which required a dam for its operation. In its early years Yekaterinburg grew rich from gold and other minerals and later coal. The Yekaterinburg gold rush of 1745 created such a huge amount of wealth that one rich baron of that time hosted a wedding party that lasted a year. By the mid-18th century, metallurgical plants had sprung up across the Urals to cast cannons, swords, guns and other weapons to arm Russia’s expansionist ambitions. The Yekaterinburg mint produced most of Russia's coins. Explorations of the Trans-Baikal and Altai regions began here in the 18th century.

Iron, cast iron and copper were the main products. Even though Iron from the region went into the Eiffel Tower, the main plant in Yekaterinburg itself was shut down in 1808. The city still kept going through a mountain factory control system of the Urals. The first railway in the Urals was built here: in 1878, the Yekaterinburg-Perm railway branch connected the province's capital with the factories of the Middle Urals.

In the Soviet era the city was called Sverdlovsk (named after Yakov Sverdlov, the man who organized Nicholas II's execution). During the first five-year plans the city became industrial — old plants were reconstructed, new ones were built. The center of Yekaterinburg was formed to conform to the historical general plan of 1829 but was the layout was adjusted around plants and factories. In the Stalin era the city was a major gulag transhipment center. In World War II, many defense-related industries were moved here. It and the surrounding area were a center of the Soviet Union's military industrial complex. Soviet tanks, missiles and aircraft engines were made in the Urals. During the Cold War era, Yekaterinburg was a center of weapons-grade uranium enrichment and processing, warhead assembly and dismantlement. In 1979, 64 people died when anthrax leaked from a biological weapons facility. Yekaterinburg was a “Closed City” for 40 years during the Cold Soviet era and was not open to foreigners until 1991

In the early post-Soviet era, much like Pittsburgh in the 1970s, Yekaterinburg had a hard struggle d to cope with dramatic economic changes that have made its heavy industries uncompetitive on the world market. Huge defense plants struggled to survive and the city was notorious as an organized crime center in the 1990s, when its hometown boy Boris Yeltsin was President of Russia. By the 2000s, Yekaterinburg’s retail and service was taking off, the defense industry was reviving and it was attracting tech industries and investments related to the Urals’ natural resources. By the 2010s it was vying to host a world exhibition in 2020 (it lost, Dubai won) and it had McDonald’s, Subway, sushi restaurants, and Gucci, Chanel and Armani. There were Bentley and Ferrari dealerships but they closed down

Transportation in Yekaterinburg

Getting There: By Plane: Yekaterinburg is a three-hour flight from Moscow with prices starting at RUB 8,000, or a 3-hour flight from Saint Petersburg starting from RUB 9,422 (direct round-trip flight tickets for one adult passenger). There are also flights from Frankfurt, Istanbul, China and major cities in the former Soviet Union.

By Train: Yekaterinburg is a major stop on the Trans-Siberian Railway. Daily train service is available to Moscow and many other Russian cities.Yekaterinburg is a 32-hour train ride from Moscow (tickets RUB 8,380 and above) or a 36-hour train ride from Saint Petersburg (RUB 10,300 and above). The ticket prices are round trip for a berth in a sleeper compartment for one adult passenger). By Car: a car trip from Moscow to Yekateringburg is 1,787 kilometers long and takes about 18 hours. The road from Saint Petersburg is 2,294 kilometers and takes about 28 hours.

Regional Transport: The region's public transport includes buses and suburban electric trains. Regional trains provide transport to larger cities in the Ural region. Buses depart from Yekaterinburg’s two bus stations: the Southern Bus Station and the Northern Bus Station.

Regional Transport: According the to Association for Safe International Road Travel (ASIRT): “Public transportation is well developed. Overcrowding is common. Fares are low. Service is efficient. Buses are the main form of public transport. Tram network is extensive. Fares are reasonable; service is regular. Trams are heavily used by residents, overcrowding is common. Purchase ticket after boarding. Metro runs from city center to Uralmash, an industrial area south of the city. Metro ends near the main railway station. Fares are inexpensive.

“Traffic is congested in city center. Getting around by car can be difficult. Route taxis (minivans) provide the fastest transport. They generally run on specific routes, but do not have specific stops. Drivers stop where passengers request. Route taxis can be hailed. Travel by bus or trolleybuses may be slow in rush hour. Trams are less affected by traffic jams. Trolley buses (electric buses) cannot run when temperatures drop below freezing.”

Entertainment, Sports and Recreation in Yekaterinburg

The performing arts in Yekaterinburg are first rate. The city has an excellent symphony orchestra, opera and ballet theater, and many other performing arts venues. Tickets are inexpensive. The Yekaterinburg Opera and Ballet Theater is lavishly designed and richly decorated building in the city center of Yekaterinburg. The theater was established in 1912 and building was designed by architect Vladimir Semyonov and inspired by the Vienna Opera House and the Theater of Opera and Ballet in Odessa.

Vaynera Street is a pedestrian only shopping street in city center with restaurants, cafes and some bars. But otherwise Yekaterinburg's nightlife options are limited. There are a handful of expensive Western-style restaurants and bars, none of them that great. Nightclubs serve the city's nouveau riche clientele. Its casinos have closed down. Some of them had links with organized crime. New dance clubs have sprung up that are popular with Yekaterinburg's more affluent youth.

Yekaterinburg's most popular spectator sports are hockey, basketball, and soccer. There are stadiums and arenas that host all three that have fairly cheap tickets. There is an indoor water park and lots of parks and green spaces. The Urals have many lakes, forests and mountains are great for hiking, boating, berry and mushroom hunting, swimming and fishing. Winter sports include cross-country skiing and ice skating. Winter lasts about six months and there’s usually plenty of snow. The nearby Ural Mountains however are not very high and the downhill skiing opportunities are limited..

Sights in Yekaterinburg

Sights in Yekaterinburg include the Museum of City Architecture and Ural Industry, with an old water tower and mineral collection with emeralds. malachite, tourmaline, jasper and other precious stone; Geological Alley, a small park with labeled samples of minerals found in the Urals region; the Ural Geology Museum, which houses an extensive collection of stones, gold and gems from the Urals; a monument marking the border between Europe and Asia; a memorial for gulag victims; and a graveyard with outlandish memorials for slain mafia members.

The Military History Museum houses the remains of the U-2 spy plane shot down in 1960 and locally made tanks and rocket launchers. The fine arts museum contains paintings by some of Russia's 19th-century masters. Also worth a look are the History an Local Studies Museum; the Political History and Youth Museum; and the University and Arboretum. Old wooden houses can be seen around Zatoutstovsya ulitsa and ulitsa Belinskogo. Around the city are wooded parks, lakes and quarries used to harvest a variety of minerals. Weiner Street is the main street of Yekaterinburg. Along it are lovely sculptures and 19th century architecture. Take a walk around the unique Literary Quarter

Plotinka is a local meeting spot, where you will often find street musicians performing. Plotinka can be described as the center of the city's center. This is where Yekaterinburg holds its biggest events: festivals, seasonal fairs, regional holiday celebrations, carnivals and musical fountain shows. There are many museums and open-air exhibitions on Plotinka. Plotinka is named after an actual dam of the city pond located nearby (“plotinka” means “a small dam” in Russian).In November 1723, Peter the Great ordered the construction of an ironworks in the Iset River Valley, which required a dam for its operation. “Iset” can be translated from Finnish as “abundant with fish”. This name was given to the river by the Mansi — the Finno-Ugric people dwelling on the eastern slope of the Northern Urals.

Vysotsky and Iset are skyscrapers that are 188.3 meters and 209 meters high, respectively. Fifty-story-high Iset has been described by locals as the world’s northernmost skyscraper. Before the construction of Iset, Vysotsky was the tallest building of Yekaterinburg and Russia (excluding Moscow). A popular vote has decided to name the skyscraper after the famous Soviet songwriter, singer and actor Vladimir Vysotsky. and the building was opened on November 25, 2011. There is a lookout at the top of the building, and the Vysotsky museum on its second floor. The annual “Vysotsky climb” (1137 steps) is held there, with a prize of RUB 100,000. While Vysotsky serves as an office building, Iset, owned by the Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company, houses 225 premium residential apartments ranging from 80 to 490 square meters in size.

Boris Yeltsin Presidential Center

The Boris Yeltsin Presidential Center (in the city center: ul. Yeltsina, 3) is a non-governmental organization named after the first president of the Russian Federation. The Museum of the First President of Russia as well as his archives are located in the Center. There is also a library, educational and children's centers, and exposition halls. Yeltsin lived most of his life and began his political career in Yekaterinburg. He was born in Butka about 200 kilometers east of Yekaterinburg.

The core of the Center is the Museum. Modern multimedia technologies help animate the documents, photos from the archives, and artifacts. The Yeltsin Museum holds collections of: propaganda posters, leaflets, and photos of the first years of the Soviet regime; portraits and portrait sculptures of members of Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of various years; U.S.S.R. government bonds and other items of the Soviet era; a copy of “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” by Alexander Solzhenitsyn, published in the “Novy Mir” magazine (#11, 1962); perestroika-era editions of books by Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Vasily Grossman, and other authors; theater, concert, and cinema posters, programs, and tickets — in short, all of the artifacts of the perestroika era.

The Yeltsin Center opened in 2012. Inside you will also find an art gallery, a bookstore, a gift shop, a food court, concert stages and a theater. There are regular screenings of unique films that you will not find anywhere else. Also operating inside the center, is a scientific exploritorium for children. The center was designed by Boris Bernaskoni. Almost from the its very opening, the Yeltsin Center has been accused by members of different political entities of various ideological crimes. The museum is open Tuesday to Sunday, from 10:00am to 9:00pm.

Where Nicholas II was Executed

On July, 17, 1918, during this reign of terror of the Russian Civil War, former-tsar Nicholas II, his wife, five children (the 13-year-old Alexis, 22-year-old Olga, 19-year-old Maria and 17-year-old Anastasia)the family physician, the cook, maid, and valet were shot to death by a Red Army firing squad in the cellar of the house they were staying at in Yekaterinburg.

Ipatiev House (near Church on the Blood, Ulitsa Libknekhta) was a merchant's house where Nicholas II and his family were executed. The house was demolished in 1977, on the orders of an up and coming communist politician named Boris Yeltsin. Yeltsin later said that the destruction of the house was an "act of barbarism" and he had no choice because he had been ordered to do it by the Politburo,

The site is marked with s cross with the photos of the family members and cross bearing their names. A small wooden church was built at the site. It contains paintings of the family. For a while there were seven traditional wooden churches. Mass is given ay noon everyday in an open-air museum. The Church on the Blood — constructed to honor Nicholas II and his family — was built on the part of the site in 1991 and is now a major place of pilgrimage.

Nicholas and his family where killed during the Russian civil war. It is thought the Bolsheviks figured that Nicholas and his family gave the Whites figureheads to rally around and they were better of dead. Even though the death orders were signed Yakov Sverdlov, the assassination was personally ordered by Lenin, who wanted to get them out of sight and out of mind. Trotsky suggested a trial. Lenin nixed the idea, deciding something had to be done about the Romanovs before White troops approached Yekaterinburg. Trotsky later wrote: "The decision was not only expedient but necessary. The severity of he punishment showed everyone that we would continue to fight on mercilessly, stopping at nothing."

Ian Frazier wrote in The New Yorker: “Having read a lot about the end of Tsar Nicholas II and his family and servants, I wanted to see the place in Yekaterinburg where that event occurred. The gloomy quality of this quest depressed Sergei’s spirits, but he drove all over Yekaterinburg searching for the site nonetheless. Whenever he stopped and asked a pedestrian how to get to the house where Nicholas II was murdered, the reaction was a wince. Several people simply walked away. But eventually, after a lot of asking, Sergei found the location. It was on a low ridge near the edge of town, above railroad tracks and the Iset River. The house, known as the Ipatiev House, was no longer standing, and the basement where the actual killings happened had been filled in. I found the blankness of the place sinister and dizzying. It reminded me of an erasure done so determinedly that it had worn a hole through the page. [Source: Ian Frazier, The New Yorker, August 3, 2009, Frazier is author of “Travels in Siberia” (2010)]

“The street next to the site is called Karl Liebknecht Street. A building near where the house used to be had a large green advertisement that said, in English, “LG—Digitally Yours.” On an adjoining lot, a small chapel kept the memory of the Tsar and his family; beneath a pedestal holding an Orthodox cross, peonies and pansies grew. The inscription on the pedestal read, “We go down on our knees, Russia, at the foot of the tsarist cross.”

Books: The Romanovs: The Final Chapter by Robert K. Massie (Random House, 1995); The Fall of the Romanovs by Mark D. Steinberg and Vladimir Khrustalëv (Yale, 1995);

See Separate Article END OF NICHOLAS II factsanddetails.com

Execution of Nicholas II

According to Robert Massie K. Massie, author of Nicholas and Alexandra, Nicholas II and his family were awakened from their bedrooms around midnight and taken to the basement. They were told they were to going to take some photographs of them and were told to stand behind a row of chairs.

Suddenly, a group of 11 Russians and Latvians, each with a revolver, burst into the room with orders to kill a specific person. Yakob Yurovsky, a member of the Soviet executive committee, reportedly shouted "your relatives are continuing to attack the Soviet Union.” After firing, bullets bouncing off gemstones hidden in the corsets of Alexandra and her daughters ricocheted around the room like "a shower of hail," the soldiers said. Those that were still breathing were killed with point black shots to the head.

The three sisters and the maid survived the first round thanks to their gems. They were pressed up against a wall and killed with a second round of bullets. The maid was the only one that survived. She was pursued by the executioners who stabbed her more than 30 times with their bayonets. The still writhing body of Alexis was made still by a kick to the head and two bullets in the ear delivered by Yurovsky himself.

Yurovsky wrote: "When the party entered I told the Romanovs that in view of the fact their relatives continued their offensive against Soviet Russia, the Executive Committee of the Urals Soviet had decided to shoot them. Nicholas turned his back to the detachment and faced his family. Then, as if collecting himself, he turned around, asking, 'What? What?'"

"[I] ordered the detachment to prepare. Its members had been previously instructed whom to shoot and to am directly at the heart to avoid much blood and to end more quickly. Nicholas said no more. he turned again to his family. The others shouted some incoherent exclamations. All this lasted a few seconds. Then commenced the shooting, which went on for two or three minutes. [I] killed Nicholas on the spot."

Nicholas II’s Initial Burial Site in Yekaterinburg

Ganina Yama Monastery (near the village of Koptyaki, 15 kilometers northwest of Yekaterinburg) stands near the three-meter-deep pit where some the remains of Nicholas II and his family were initially buried. The second burial site — where most of the remains were — is in a field known as Porosyonkov (56.9113628°N 60.4954326°E), seven kilometers from Ganina Yama.

On visiting Ganina Yama Monastery, one person posted in Trip Advisor: “We visited this set of churches in a pretty park with Konstantin from Ekaterinburg Guide Centre. He really brought it to life with his extensive knowledge of the history of the events surrounding their terrible end. The story is so moving so unless you speak Russian, it is best to come here with a guide or else you will have no idea of what is what.”

In 1991, the acid-burned remains of Nicholas II and his family were exhumed from a shallow roadside mass grave in a swampy area 12 miles northwest of Yekaterinburg. The remains had been found in 1979 by geologist and amateur archeologist Alexander Avdonin, who kept the location secret out of fear that they would be destroyed by Soviet authorities. The location was disclosed to a magazine by one his fellow discovers.

The original plan was to throw the Romanovs down a mine shaft and disposes of their remains with acid. They were thrown in a mine with some grenades but the mine didn't collapse. They were then carried by horse cart. The vats of acid fell off and broke. When the carriage carrying the bodies broke down it was decided the bury the bodies then and there. The remaining acid was poured on the bones, but most of it was soaked up the ground and the bones largely survived.

After this their pulses were then checked, their faces were crushed to make them unrecognizable and the bodies were wrapped in bed sheets loaded onto a truck. The "whole procedure," Yurovsky said took 20 minutes. One soldiers later bragged than he could "die in peace because he had squeezed the Empress's -------."

The bodies were taken to a forest and stripped, burned with acid and gasoline, and thrown into abandoned mine shafts and buried under railroad ties near a country road near the village of Koptyaki. "The bodies were put in the hole," Yurovsky wrote, "and the faces and all the bodies, generally doused with sulfuric acid, both so they couldn't be recognized and prevent a stink from them rotting...We scattered it with branches and lime, put boards on top and drove over it several times—no traces of the hole remained.

Shortly afterwards, the government in Moscow announced that Nicholas II had been shot because of "a counterrevolutionary conspiracy." There was no immediate word on the other members of the family which gave rise to rumors that other members of the family had escaped. Yekaterinburg was renamed Sverdlov in honor of the man who signed the death orders.

For seven years the remains of Nicholas II, Alexandra, three of their daughters and four servants were stored in polyethylene bags on shelves in the old criminal morgue in Yekaterunburg. On July 17, 1998, Nicholas II and his family and servants who were murdered with him were buried Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg along with the other Romanov tsars, who have been buried there starting with Peter the Great. Nicholas II had a side chapel built for himself at the fortress in 1913 but was buried in a new crypt.

Near Yekaterinburg

Factory-Museum of Iron and Steel Metallurgy (in Niznhy Tagil 80 kilometers north of Yekaterinburg) a museum with old mining equipment made at the site of huge abandoned iron and steel factory. Officially known as the Factory-Museum of the History of the Development of Iron and Steel Metallurgy, it covers an area of 30 hectares and contains a factory founded by the Demidov family in 1725 that specialized mainly in the production of high-quality cast iron and steel. Later, the foundry was renamed after Valerian Kuybyshev, a prominent figure of the Communist Party.

The first Russian factory museum, the unusual museum demonstrates all stages of metallurgy and metal working. There is even a blast furnace and an open-hearth furnace. The display of factory equipment includes bridge crane from 1892) and rolling stock equipment from the 19th-20th centuries. In Niznhy Tagil contains some huge blocks of malachite and

Nizhnyaya Sinyachikha (180 kilometers east-northeast of Yekaterinburg) has an open air architecture museum with log buildings, a stone church and other pre-revolutionary architecture. The village is the creation of Ivan Samoilov, a local activist who loved his village so much he dedicated 40 years of his life to recreating it as the open-air museum of wooden architecture.

The stone Savior Church, a good example of Siberian baroque architecture. The interior and exterior of the church are exhibition spaces of design. The houses are very colorful. In tsarist times, rich villagers hired serfs to paint the walls of their wooden izbas (houses) bright colors. Old neglected buildings from the 17th to 19th centuries have been brought to Nizhnyaya Sinyachikha from all over the Urals. You will see the interior design of the houses and hear stories about traditions and customs of the Ural farmers.

Verkhoturye (330 kilometers road from Yekaterinburg) is the home a 400-year-old monastery that served as 16th century capital of the Urals. Verkhoturye is a small town on the Tura River knows as the Jerusalem of the Urals for its many holy places, churches and monasteries. The town's main landmark is its Kremlin — the smallest in Russia. Pilgrims visit the St. Nicholas Monastery to see the remains of St. Simeon of Verkhoturye, the patron saint of fishermen.

Ural Mountains

Ural Mountains are the traditional dividing line between Europe and Asia and have been a crossroads of Russian history. Stretching from Kazakhstan to the fringes of the Arctic Kara Sea, the Urals lie almost exactly along the 60 degree meridian of longitude and extend for about 2,000 kilometers (1,300 miles) from north to south and varies in width from about 50 kilometers (30 miles) in the north and 160 kilometers (100 miles) the south. At kilometers 1777 on the Trans-Siberian Railway there is white obelisk with "Europe" carved in Russian on one side and "Asia" carved on the other.

The eastern side of the Urals contains a lot of granite and igneous rock. The western side is primarily sandstone and limestones. A number of precious stones can be found in the southern part of the Urals, including emeralds. malachite, tourmaline, jasper and aquamarines. The highest peaks are in the north. Mount Narodnaya is the highest of all but is only 1884 meters (6,184 feet) high. The northern Urals are covered in thick forests and home to relatively few people.

Like the Appalachian Mountains in the eastern United States, the Urals are very old mountains — with rocks and sediments that are hundreds of millions years old — that were one much taller than they are now and have been steadily eroded down over millions of years by weather and other natural processes to their current size. According to Encyclopedia Britannica: “The rock composition helps shape the topography: the high ranges and low, broad-topped ridges consist of quartzites, schists, and gabbro, all weather-resistant. Buttes are frequent, and there are north–south troughs of limestone, nearly all containing river valleys. Karst topography is highly developed on the western slopes of the Urals, with many caves, basins, and underground streams. The eastern slopes, on the other hand, have fewer karst formations; instead, rocky outliers rise above the flattened surfaces. Broad foothills, reduced to peneplain, adjoin the Central and Southern Urals on the east.

“The Urals date from the structural upheavals of the Hercynian orogeny (about 250 million years ago). About 280 million years ago there arose a high mountainous region, which was eroded to a peneplain. Alpine folding resulted in new mountains, the most marked upheaval being that of the Nether-Polar Urals...The western slope of the Urals is composed of middle Paleozoic sedimentary rocks (sandstones and limestones) that are about 350 million years old. In many places it descends in terraces to the Cis-Ural depression (west of the Urals), to which much of the eroded matter was carried during the late Paleozoic (about 300 million years ago). Found there are widespread karst (a starkly eroded limestone region) and gypsum, with large caverns and subterranean streams. On the eastern slope, volcanic layers alternate with sedimentary strata, all dating from middle Paleozoic times.”

Southern Urals

The southern Urals are characterized by grassy slopes and fertile valleys. The middle Urals are a rolling platform that barely rises above 300 meters (1,000 feet). This region is rich in minerals and has been heavily industrialized. This is where you can find Yekaterinburg (formally Sverdlovsk), the largest city in the Urals.

Most of the Southern Urals are is covered with forests, with 50 percent of that pine-woods, 44 percent birch woods, and the rest are deciduous aspen and alder forests. In the north, typical taiga forests are the norm. There are patches of herbal-poaceous steppes, northem sphagnous marshes and bushy steppes, light birch forests and shady riparian forests, tall-grass mountainous meadows, lowland ling marshes and stony placers with lichen stains. In some places there are no large areas of homogeneous forests, rather they are forests with numerous glades and meadows of different size.

In the Ilmensky Mountains Reserve in the Southern Urals, scientists counted 927 vascular plants (50 relicts, 23 endemic species), about 140 moss species, 483 algae species and 566 mushroom species. Among the species included into the Red Book of Russia are feather grass, downy-leaved feather grass, Zalessky feather grass, moccasin flower, ladies'-slipper, neottianthe cucullata, Baltic orchis, fen orchis, helmeted orchis, dark-winged orchis, Gelma sandwart, Krasheninnikov sandwart, Clare astragalus.

The fauna of the vertebrate animals in the Reserve includes 19 fish, 5 amphibian and 5 reptile. Among the 48 mammal species are elks, roe deer, boars, foxes, wolves, lynxes, badgers, common weasels, least weasels, forest ferrets, Siberian striped weasel, common marten, American mink. Squirrels, beavers, muskrats, hares, dibblers, moles, hedgehogs, voles are quite common, as well as chiropterans: pond bat, water bat, Brandt's bat, whiskered bat, northern bat, long-eared bat, parti-coloured bat, Nathusius' pipistrelle. The 174 bird bird species include white-tailed eagles, honey hawks, boreal owls, gnome owls, hawk owls, tawny owls, common scoters, cuckoos, wookcocks, common grouses, wood grouses, hazel grouses, common partridges, shrikes, goldenmountain thrushes, black- throated loons and others.

Activities and Places in the Ural Mountains

The Urals possess beautiful natural scenery that can be accessed from Yekaterinburg with a rent-a-car, hired taxi and tour. Travel agencies arrange rafting, kayaking and hiking trips. Hikes are available in the taiga forest and the Urals. Trips often include walks through the taiga to small lakes and hikes into the mountains and excursions to collect mushrooms and berries and climb in underground caves. Mellow rafting is offered in a relatively calm six kilometer section of the River Serga. In the winter visitor can enjoy cross-mountains skiing, downhill skiing, ice fishing, dog sledding, snow-shoeing and winter hiking through the forest to a cave covered with ice crystals.

Lake Shartash (10 kilometers from Yekaterinburg) is where the first Ural gold was found, setting in motion the Yekaterinburg gold rush of 1745, which created so much wealth one rich baron of that time hosted a wedding party that lasted a year. The area around Shartash Lake is a favorite picnic and barbecue spot of the locals. Getting There: by bus route No. 50, 054 or 54, with a transfer to suburban commuter bus route No. 112, 120 or 121 (the whole trip takes about an hour), or by car (10 kilometers drive from the city center, 40 minutes).

Revun Rapids (90 kilometers road from Yekaterinburg near Beklenishcheva village) is a popular white water rafting places On the nearby cliffs you can see the remains of a mysterious petroglyph from the Paleolithic period. Along the steep banks, you may notice the dark entrance of Smolinskaya Cave. There are legends of a sorceress who lived in there. The rocks at the riverside are suited for competitive rock climbers and beginners. Climbing hooks and rings are hammered into rocks. The most fun rafting is generally in May and June.

Olenii Ruchii National Park (100 kilometers west of Yekaterinburg) is the most popular nature park in Sverdlovsk Oblast and popular weekend getaway for Yekaterinburg residents. Visitors are attracted by the beautiful forests, the crystal clear Serga River and picturesque rocks caves. There are some easy hiking routes: the six-kilometer Lesser Ring and the 15-kilometer Greater Ring. Another route extends for 18 km and passes by the Mitkinsky Mine, which operated in the 18th-19th centuries. It's a kind of an open-air museum — you can still view mining an enrichment equipment here. There is also a genuine beaver dam nearby.

Among the other attractions at Olenii Ruchii are Druzhba (Friendship) Cave, with passages that extend for about 500 meters; Dyrovaty Kamen (Holed Stone), created over time by water of Serga River eroding rock; and Utoplennik (Drowned Man), where you can see “The Angel of Sole Hope”., created by the Swedish artist Lehna Edwall, who has placed seven angels figures in different parts of the world to “embrace the planet, protecting it from fear, despair, and disasters.”

Image Sources: Wikimedia Commons

Text Sources: Federal Agency for Tourism of the Russian Federation (official Russia tourism website russiatourism.ru ), Russian government websites, UNESCO, Wikipedia, Lonely Planet guides, New York Times, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, National Geographic, The New Yorker, Bloomberg, Reuters, Associated Press, AFP, Yomiuri Shimbun and various books and other publications.

Updated in September 2020

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30 Best Things To Do In Yekaterinburg, Russia

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Located east of the Ural Mountains, Yekaterinburg is the fourth largest city in Russia and is famous for the golden-domed Church on the Blood in Honour of All Saints Resplendent in the Russian Land. Vysotsky, the business center, offers so much to those who are new to the city and if you are looking to get the perfect view of the city and at the same time learn about the city’s history then Plotinka is the place to be. The keyboard monument is also another spot for a tranquil walk as you get to explore the city. Take a look at this list of the top recommended things to do while in Yekaterinburg, Russia.

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Table Of Contents

• 1. Visit the commemoration site of Romanov sainthood
• 2. Celebrate technology at Keyboard Monument
• 3. Enjoy the masterpieces at Ekaterinburg Museum of Fine Arts
• 4. Explore the grand Rastorguyev-Kharitonov Palace
• 5. Catch a show at Ekaterinburg State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre
• 6. Go back in time at Black Tulip War Memorial
• 7. Check out exquisite pieces at Museum of Hardstone Carving and Jewelry History
• 8. Offer a prayer at Church of Ascension
• 9. Enjoy the tranquility of Victory Park
• 10. Tour the Ganina Yama Monastery
• 11. Take a stroll along the Iset River Dam
• 12. Create memories at the Beatles Monument
• 13. Check out the exhibits at Ural Geological Museum
• 14. Visit the Old Water Tower
• 15. Order classic Russian dishes at Restaurant Podkova
• 16. Stop by the Monument to the Founders of Yekaterinburg
• 17. Visit the 19th-century mansion showcasing historical photography
• 18. Swing by the Museum of Sverdlovsk Railway
• 19. Take a relaxing stroll through Literary Quarter
• 20. Visit the Chapel of the Revered Martyr Grand Princess Yelizaveta Fyodorovna
• 21. Shop at Grinvich
• 22. Enjoy summer days at the lively Istorichesky Skver
• 23. Head to Memorial House - Museum Reshetnikov for fascinating exhibits
• 24. Tour the Ural Vision Gallery
• 25. Visit the monument of Alexander Stepanovich Popov
• 26. Check out Yekaterinburg's unique subway system
• 27. Enjoy the views from Vysotsky Viewing Platform
• 28. Explore the Nevyansk Icon Museum
• 29. Book a historical military tour of Yekaterinburg
• 30. Visit sites of the city related to Russia's first president, Boris Yeltsin

The perfect to-do list for Yekaterinburg

Come and visit the site of the commemoration of the Romanov sainthood – the Church on Blood in Honour of All Saints Resplendent in the Russian Land. This is where Russia’s last emperor, his family, and house staff were executed during the Russia Civil War. A memorial chapel is the only symbol left of the horrific tragedy that once occurred here. This beautiful complex now houses a belfry, a museum, two churches, and a patriarchal annex.

Church on Blood in Honour of All Saints Resplendent in the Russian Land Address : ul. Tolmacheva, 34, Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovskaya oblast’, Russia, 620075 Website : Church on Blood in Honour of All Saints Resplendent in the Russian Land

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Featuring a QWERTY/JCUKEN keyboard, the Keyboard Monument is an outdoor sculpture created by Anatoly Vyatkin. This unique monument is considered one of the top spots that attract visitors, both local and foreign, to the city. On the last Friday of July, on Sysadmin Day, tourists flock to this spot to celebrate science and computers at this spectacular monument. It is the perfect spot for tech lovers!

Keyboard Monument Address : Ulitsa Gor'kogo, Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovskaya oblast’, Russia, 620075 Opening hours : 24 hours (daily)

View this post on Instagram A post shared by Pálinkás Balázs (@balazs.palinkas)

Considered to be the largest fine arts museum in the Urals, the Ekaterinburg Museum showcases exhibits some as old as the 14th century. Marvel at exquisite masterpieces from Western Europe, applied modern art and Russian exhibits. This amazing museum brings together a robust collection of culture, art, and history under one roof.

Ekaterinburg Museum of Fine Arts Address : Ulitsa Voyevodina, 5, Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovskaya oblast’, Russia, 620014 Website : Ekaterinburg Museum of Fine Arts Opening hours : Tue - Thu: 11am - 8pm; Fri - Sun: 11am - 7pm (closed on Mon)

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29. Book a historical military tour of Yekaterinburg (from USD 200.3)

Book an informative historical military tour and get to learn about the military history of Yekaterinburg. You will be taken around interesting military sites in the city and will also be accompanied by a knowledgable tour guide. This tour generally lasts three hours as you get to see the Soviet Army Square and the Black Tulip Memorial where the brave soldiers who died in the Afghanistan war are commemorated. Wind up your tour by visiting the Museum of Arms of UMMC to see an array of grand arms exhibition.

Military History Tour of Yekaterinburg Duration: 3.5 hour from USD 200.3 Book Now

30. Visit sites of the city related to Russia's first president, Boris Yeltsin (from USD 178.05)

In this three-hour, half-walking, half-driving tour, you get to enjoy an exhilarating adventure while visiting the best city sites that Boris Yeltsin, the first president of Russia used to frequent. As you head to the Yeltsin Center, which is home to an art gallery, café and a museum among many more, pick up some souvenirs to take home with you. Finish off your tour by visiting the Boris Yeltsin Museum and marvel at its nine halls exploring the nuances of Russian history.

The First Russian President Tour in Yekaterinburg Duration: 3 hour from USD 178.05 Book Now

If you are new to Yekaterinburg, it is easy for you to assume that the city holds many treasures for you to explore. Avail this list of amazing things to do in this beautiful city. With it in hand, you will surely enjoy your visit to Yekaterinburg.

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Buildings In Russia: 15 Architectural Marvels Every Architect Must See

A country with a harsh climate, Russia, is home to the warmest of people and even cozier architecture. Most of its architecture gets its grandeur from the Communist era. The colorful & gilded baroque facades, canals, and factories from Soviet times. Forests of tall pines & birch also dot the landscape of the country. Amongst these are tucked meadows, and log houses (which are the true architectural marvels). Architecture in Russia is deeply significant of its glorious yet tumultuous past. Churches to museums, all speak of various contexts, philosophies, people, beliefs, and the masses.

1. The Winter Palace

To begin with, St. Petersburg’s most renowned structure, a typical baroque stone palace built in 1711. What we see today is a neoclassical update of the palace. Standing tall at the palace square, it has views into the Neva river. The standout feature is the facade, in resplendent green color looks beautiful at night too. It was for the longest time the residence of the Tsars, which later became a part of the State Hermitage Museum. 

2. Bolshoi Theatre

Home to world-famous and oldest ballet companies and opera, The Bolshoi Theatre, is a major 240-year-old legacy. It’s a building with grand footage, to say the least. An imposing facade of neoclassical columns, an intricate pediment with galloping horses. It has been remade and restored multiple times, as it bore the test of times and war. Today, red velvet seats and gilded corners welcome you into the extravagant space. 

3. Shukhov Tower

Also known as Shabolovka Radio Tower, it is an emblem of structural genius in the city of Moscow. Built during the industrial age, between the world wars, it is a 40-storey (160m high) tower designed as a lightweight structure. Built-in metal frame structure dominates the Moscow skyline. It was used for broadcasting up until 2001, post which it stands as a city landmark, and tourist attraction. 

4. General Staff Building

The General Staff Building is a prominent architectural masterpiece located in St. Petersburg, Russia. It is renowned for its stunning Empire-style design and stands as an essential attraction in the city. The building was designed by the distinguished Italian architect Carlo Rossi during the early 19th century.

One of the most notable features of the General Staff Building is its magnificent arch, which captivates visitors with its grandeur and elegance. The arch is an impressive element of the building’s facade and showcases the remarkable craftsmanship and attention to detail typical of Empire-style architecture.

5. Hermitage Museum

Another St. Petersburg classic, unlike many, is a very prestigious museum. Today, it is combined with the winter palace and a theatre to be called “hermitage”. It has close to 2000 rooms, which have been added over time. It even has satellite museums across Russia and Europe. 

6. Neva Bridges

Engineering & architecture marvels of the city, these series of bridges in St. Petersburg are a sight to behold. Built-in iron, in an art deco style, is more functional than aesthetics. These are 12 drawbridges, most of which open in the evenings, to allow for ships to pass through. 

7. Peter and Paul Fortress

Often overshadowed by the hermitage, it is what gave birth to the city of St. Petersburg. It served as a military base and government office. It also later became the burial ground for the Russian Imperial family. 

It played a key role in the city’s turbulent history. 

8. Loft Project ETAGI

More recent exhibit galleries in ST. Petersburg, with 3000 sq.m of space. It hosts contemporary works of lesser-known local young artists. A former bread factory was restored to bring the space to life. The space is home to one of its kind container city. 

9. White Tower

The iconic tower is an emblem of the city of Yekaterinburg. Designed by M. Reisher, as a modernist tower, as a signifier of Soviet Russia. It was abandoned until 2010 when students of architecture took it upon themselves to revive it. It is now a public display gallery on the history and construction of the tower.  

10. TASS Building 

Home to a state-run news agency in Moscow, the ITAR – TASS building, is the media and broadcasting headquarters. Since before the fall of the USSR, it recently marked its 40th anniversary. It stands as a maker of a shining era in Russia ’s history, in sandstone, black labradorite, and marble.

11. Stalin’s Skyscrapers

Gothic style, tall buildings almost imitating wedding cakes. One of the 7 is the Moscow State University, these were built post world war II. Many refer to them as 7 sisters as headquarters for the university, hotels, ministries, and two residential structures. They are heavily ornamented on the facade, with Soviet realist art and carving. 

12. Sanduny Banya

A bathhouse from the 19th century, with a uniquely Russian experience. The exquisite oriental decor would rekindle memories of an old polo club or gymkhanas. An all-cream bath area, a wood-paneled steam room, and a parlor mark the space. This is a go-to spot for a pleasing bane experience in Moscow . 

13. The Moscow Metro

Covering close to 180 stations, this is a spectacular underground railroad system. Established and laid during the soviet times, it is now the most reliable and used form of transport. The stations have an amazing architectural quality of their own. The arches, chandeliers, cornices, and marble-clad columns, speak of a different time. 

14. Lenin’s Tomb

Lenin’s Tomb, also known as Lenin’s Mausoleum, is a famous landmark located in Red Square in Moscow, Russia. It is not a modernist building but a structure of historical significance. The tomb serves as the final resting place of Vladimir Lenin, the prominent leader of the Russian Revolution and the first head of the Soviet Union.

The design of Lenin’s Tomb is not an ode to modernist architecture; instead, it reflects a neoclassical style with clear influences from ancient Egyptian and Babylonian architecture. The architect, Alexey Shchusev, aimed to create a structure that exuded grandeur and solemnity, befitting the memory of the revolutionary leader.

15. St. Basil’s Cathedral 

A postcard for not just Moscow but also Russia, the famous onion domes of the church are hard to miss. One of the best and most beautiful examples of the Russian architectural style – is whimsical and colorful. Bricks and ceramics with different patterns adorn the spires, arches, and domes of St. Basil’s, giving the building a dynamic flair.

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Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Scalable nanoarchitectonics with microporous polymer composite for methanol-tolerant orr electrocatalysts †.

* Corresponding authors

a Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan E-mail: [email protected]

b Center for Basic Research on Materials (CBRM), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan

c International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan

d Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Mathikere, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India

e Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Fukasaku 307, Minuma-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 337-8570, Japan

f Department of Materials Science, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8573, Ibaraki, Japan

g Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan

h Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan

i Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea

j Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) and School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia

We report an efficient ORR electrocatalyst containing cobalt single atom and cobalt nanoparticle active sites embedded in a porous nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon network. The robust electrocatalyst exhibits superior electrochemical ORR activity with onset and half-wave potentials of 0.96 V and 0.87 V ( vs. reversible hydrogen electrode), respectively, and has excellent durability and methanol tolerance further enhancing the potential of this system for practical applications.

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Scalable nanoarchitectonics with microporous polymer composite for methanol-tolerant ORR electrocatalysts

A. Sebastian, A. Panda, R. Nandan, J. Henzie, O. Cretu, J. Xu, N. Velychkivska, R. Ma, P. Gakhad, A. K. Singh, G. J. Richards, K. Kimoto, L. K. Shrestha, K. Ariga, Y. Yamauchi and J. P. Hill, J. Mater. Chem. A , 2024, Advance Article , DOI: 10.1039/D4TA04577G

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