az role assignment create key vault

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Manage role-based access control for Azure Key Vault keys, certificates, and secrets using PowerShell

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Vault access policies vs. RBAC permission model

Updating an existing key vault to use the rbac permission model, assigning users permissions on individual secrets, keys, or certificates.

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Previously, the biggest downside of managing Key Vault access was the need to configure two things to give someone access to secrets, keys, or certificates in a particular Key Vault. First, we had to grant permissions on the Key Vault resource in Azure using access control (IAM); then we had to create a separate access policy in the Key Vault granting the user the appropriate permissions on objects such as keys, secrets, and certificates.

This model does not give us granular access management on individual secrets, certificates, or keys. This means that when someone has Read access on secrets specified in a Key Vault access policy, they can access all the secrets in that Key Vault.

With the new Azure RBAC permission model, we can now control each object independently by managing object-level permissions using the following new RBAC roles. These built-in roles can only be used with the new RBAC permission model.

Creating a new Key Vault with the RBAC permission model

Creating a new Key Vault using the EnableRbacAuthorization parameter

Once created, we can see that the permission model is set as "Azure role-based access control," and creating an individual access policy is no longer allowed.

Azure role based access control as the permission model

We can also update an existing key vault to use the RBAC permission model using the following PowerShell command:

To change RBAC permissions, we need the Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments/write permission, which automatically comes with the Owner and User Access Administrator roles.

Although we can update the permission model on a Key Vault, creating a new Key Vault with the RBAC permission model is still the best practice; since the current access policies on the Key Vault will no longer be used, this may result in permission issues. When you manually change the permission model on a Key Vault in Azure Portal, you get the following warning highlighting that the existing users and applications that are currently allowed access will be affected.

Warning on updating the permission model

Now, let's create a new Key Vault secret with the below.

Creating a new secret in a Key Vault

We can now assign a user an appropriate Key Vault role on that specific secret. First, to get the built-in Key Vault roles, we can use the following:

Listing built in Key Vault Roles in Azure

To assign the user the "Key Vault Administrator" role on the secret "SuperSecret," we will run the next command. "ObjectID" in the following command represents the object ID of the user, which can easily be found in the user properties in Azure AD.

Creating a new role assignment on an individual secret

So, the user is now on the access list of the individual secret, "SuperSecret," with the "Key Vault Administrator" role.

Access control list of a secret

Now, the user " [email protected] " should be able to access the secret. If the user does not have at least "Key Vault Reader" access on the Key Vault itself, then the user will not be allowed to list the secrets in the Key Vault but will still be able to access the secret directly using PowerShell. This is because the role assignment is made on the secret object and not on the entire Key Vault.

Accessing a Key Vault secret using PowerShell

Now let's use another secret named "AnotherSuperSecret," but this time the user that has been allowed access on the first secret will not have permission on this one.

Trying to access a secret without permission

As expected, the user cannot access the second secret, as no permissions are allowed.

Similarly, we can do the same on keys and certificates by assigning users with the appropriate roles on a specific key or certificate using the correct scope.

To assign a user the "Key Vault Certificates Officer" role on a specific certificate, we can use the following:

A new role assignment on an individual certificate

And to assign a user the "Key Vault Certificates Officer" role on a specific key, we can use this:

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Key Vaults are essential and need to be secured as much as possible by implementing strong permission management. Azure now allows us to use the new RBAC permission model to assign permissions granularly and flexibly to users or applications with new built-in roles on individual secrets, certificates, or keys.

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Working With Azure Key Vault Using Azure PowerShell and AzureCLI

This is second part of  Create key vault and secrets with access policies in Microsoft Azure , In the this article I will use Powershell and Azure CLI to create and configure Azure Key Vault resource service.  Azure Key Vault  is a cloud service that provides a secure store for secrets. You can securely store keys, passwords, certificates, and other secrets. In the first example In the first example I am using Microsoft Powershell Az module to deploy and configure Key vault.

Connect-AzAccount The 'Connect-AzAccount' command was found in the module 'Az.Accounts', but the module could not be loaded Powershell Azure Az module Install-Package cannot convert value 2.0.0-preview to type system.version

PowerShell Az module example First cmdlet connects to azure using az module and creates a new key vault resource. Download this script here or available on github.com .

Once Key vault is created in azure, generate a secret on it with encrypted password string, next configure Access policy to provide access on key vault secret to Azure AD user principal .

I have already create a new user account vaultviewer on Azure Active directory for testing  Creating a new user in Azure AD using oneliner PowerShell and Azure CLI . Next get and store the key vault information in variable to know ResourceID which I will use when assinging role ( Key Vault Reader ) to user principal on the keyvault. (In my case user principal name is vaultviewer )

Logout of Azure powershell account with Disconnect-AzAccount and login with the user (in my case vaultviewer ), Get the key vault secret and convert the secure string to readable plain text password with below commands.

AzureCLI example

Login to the AzureCLI, All the Az command generate output in JSON format.

Create a new Azure Key Vault resource, note down the resource ID I will use it later in the command.

Once key vault is created, setup a new secret and set attribute content type (description) on to it.

Next get the complete information of AzureAD user whom i will provide Key vault access policy and role, Grab ObjectId  from the list.

Using the User Object ID and Key vault resource ID (earlier shown in the command) set a secret access policy on the keyvault. In the Json output you can see the newly provided access.

After key vault access policy configuration, configure role ( key vault reader ) assignment access to the user on key vault ID got earlier.

Re login to the azure with vaultviewer account to test if you can access and show/Retrieve secret value from the azure key vault.

Download this  script here  or available on  github.com .

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az keyvault role assignment list issues #15914

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Per Item RBAC in Azure Key Vault

If you just need a refresher or really need to know how to do this fast, here it is for secrets.

• Assign the identity that needs to read one or more secrets the  Key Vault Reader role at the scope of the Key Vault.
• Assign that same identity  Key Vault Secrets Officer  at the scope of the secret(s) you want it to be able to retrieve the value of.

Why RBAC for Key Vault Instead of Access Policies?

Traditionally controls in Azure Key Vaults were applied using access policies. The problem with these was that the permissions we granted applied to all objects of that type within a given Key Vault.

For example, if we granted an identity  List  and  Get  permissions on secrets in a given Key Vault, that identity could list all of the secrets in that Key Vault  and  read the value of all those secrets. There was no way to limit the scope of an identity to read only some, not all, secrets. The same applies to keys and certificates.

RBAC for Key Vault gives us the benefit of these more fine-grained controls along with a few added benefits such as support for Privileged Identity Management (PIM) and custom roles. It also brings Key Vault access control in line with the RBAC implementation in place across Azure more broadly.

How to Set up RBAC for Key Vault

The first thing we’ll need to do is either create a new Key Vault or change an existing one to use RBAC for Key Vault instead of access policies. Note that RBAC for Key Vault and access policies cannot co-exist, we have to pick one or the other.

To change an existing Key Vault to use RBAC instead of access policies open the Key Vault in the Azure portal and open up  Access configuration  and change the selection from  Vault access policy  to  Azure role-based access control  then click the  Apply  button.

If setting up a new Key Vault we just need to make sure we choose  Allow role-based access control  at the access policy stage of the wizard. If using the Azure CLI set the --enable-rbac-authorization flag to true.

Granting Access with RBAC for Key Vault

We’re going to focus on using the built-in roles in this post, but if those aren’t suitable for your needs you can always create a custom role with only the actions you need and apply it in the same way.

There are several built-in roles for working with RBAC for Azure but we’ll be working with the  Key Vault Reader  and  Key Vault Secrets Officer  roles. They’re highlighted in the list below.

The  Key Vault Reader  role is described in the portal as: “Read metadata of key vaults and its certificates, keys, and secrets. Cannot read sensitive values such as secret contents or key material.”

And the  Key Vault Secrets Officer  as: “Perform any action on the secrets of a key vault, except maange permissions.”

You can find the detailed permissions each role grants in the Azure Portal or using PowerShell or the Azure CLI. More on how to do that can be found  here .

The first step is to apply the  Key Vault Reader  for our identity at the scope of the Key Vault. This will grant the identity we’re assigning the role to the ability to see the Key Vault if they can’t already, as well as  all  the secrets within the Key Vault. They won’t be able to read or copy the actual values of the secrets, but they will be able to see what secrets exist in the entire Key Vault. If this is going to be a problem in your case you’ll need to set up a separate Key Vault or look into custom roles.

With that in place we can now apply the  Key Vault Secrets Officer  for our identity at the scope of each secret we want that identity to be able to read the value of. To apply the role at the scope of a given secret, open that secret up in the Azure portal and on the left-hand side there will be an  Access control (IAM)  menu item, the same as there would be for the Key Vault itself and other Azure resource. You can then apply the  Key Vault Secrets Officer  role at the scope of the secret (which the portal will refer to as “this resource” in this context) in the exact same way you would apply roles in any other part of Azure.

You can also do this with the Azure CLI like so:

Our identity can now only use the secrets that we have granted it access to with the  Key Vault Secrets Officer  role. It can see the other secrets exist, but cannot read the value of those secrets.

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Using Managed (System) Identities to access Azure Key Vault

A common challenge that integrators run into is managing secrets and subsequently, managing access to secrets. Azure Key Vault is a service that developers can use to store their secrets, keys and other sensitive data. However, there is still a challenge with accessing these secrets. If you are storing the credentials to access Key Vault in a non-secure manner, you have just pushed the problem to another area.

The good news is that we can use a capability called Managed Identities to establish trust between some Azure services. For example, we can have a Logic App that can have a Managed Identity associated with it which can then be added to Azure Key Vault RBAC roles. This establishes trust between our Logic App and Azure Key Vault.

Let’s now explore how we can get this setup.

• Click on Identity as part of your Logic App settings, subsequently turn the Status to On . After this is completed, you will see an Object ID populated which is essentially creating an identity for your Logic App within Azure AD. Copy this value, it will allow us to assign permissions to our Logic App in a subsequent step.
• Click on Add role assignment followed by selecting the appropriate Subscription . From there select the appropriate Scope, Subscription, Resource (your keyvault instance) and the appropriate Role . In this case we will select Key Vault Secrets User which will allow us to extract secrets contents but not modify.
• Repeat this step to include Key Vault Reader
• After we click Save we should see the result.
• Next up, we need to assign an Access Policy on our Key Vault instance and assign access to the Managed Identity that we just created. Find your Key Vault in Azure Portal. Click on Access policies and then Add Access Policy .
• We can use the Secret Management template to help accelerate completing this task. When it comes to Secret permissions , we will reduce all access to just Get and List . Lastly, we will find our Managed Service principal that we created in step 1. Click Add and Save to continue.
• We can now edit our Logic App and add an Azure Key Vault action to our canvas. Instead of signing in with our credentials, we will click on Connect with managed identity .
• Specify a Connection name of your choosing and type in the name of your Vault . Click Create to continue.
• Select Name of the secret to match the secret that you want to extract.
• We can now add a Compose action where we can write out the Azure Key Vault secret value to ensure our process works.
• Test your Logic App to ensure your secret is obtained successfully.

In this post, we discussed how we can use Managed System identities when accessing Azure services like Key Vault. This allows organizations to securely connect to Azure resources without there being a tie to an individual’s credentials/account.

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• How to use a VM system-assigned managed identity to access Azure Key Vault /

How to use a VM system-assigned managed identity to access Azure Key Vault

Hi, In a previous post, I showed you how to enable system-assigned managed identity on an Azure virtual machine . Today, I want to show you how to assign a managed identity to access an Azure resource securely. In this case, I will use an Azure key vault. When writing this article, we have two options for managing access control to an Azure Key Vault: the policy-based model and the new role-based access control model ( RBAC). If you want to know how to migrate to the new access model based on RBAC, this link may be of your interest.

Prerequisites #

• This tutorial assumes that you already have an Azure Key Vault. You can use an existing Key vault, or if you want to create a new one, check out this link .

Azure PowerShell Workaround #

If you want to know how to install the PowerShell Azure module on your machine, check out this link . The simplest way to get started is to sign in interactively at the command line.

This cmdlet will bring up a dialog box prompting you for your email address and password associated with your Azure account. If you have more than one subscription associated with your mail account, you can choose the default subscription. To perform this task, we will use the following commands:

Once you set your default subscription, you’re ready to start.

Set the variables #

Here, we define the characteristics of our environment and the resource’s properties.

The following commands will store the Service Principal ID and Key Vault ID in variables to pass as a parameter in the next steps.

Grant  the managed identity access to your  Azure   Key   Vault #

Using azure rbac permission model #.

To assign a specific RBAC role to a service principal, you should use the New-AzRoleAssignment cmdlet with the following syntax.

Lists Azure RBAC role assignments at the specified scope #

If you want to check the RBAC role assignments at the specified scope, you should use the Get-AzRoleAssignment cmdlet with the following syntax.

Using the vault access policy permissions model #

Instead, use the vault access policy model to grant permissions for a principal to perform operations on the Key Vault. You should use the Set-AzKeyVaultAccessPolicy cmdlet with the following syntax.

Get Azure Key Vault access policy #

If you want to check the permission assignments in the specified scope, you should use the following command.

Check the changes made #

Once the above steps are done, I will show you how to retrieve a secret, which you had previously created in the Key Vault, using the identity of the virtual machine. To do this, you have to connect to the VM in question, either via remote desktop, SSH, or azure bastion and from the VM itself, you need to run the following commands. Important : The VM must have the Az PowerShell module installed.

Azure CLI Workaround #

In this case, we will use Azure Cloud Shell, a browser-based shell built into Azure Portal. This allows us to use the Azure command-line tools (Azure CLI and Azure PowerShell) directly from a browser. If you want to know more about Azure Cloud Shell, check out this link. First, we define the characteristics of our environment and store the values in variables.

Grant the managed identity access to your Azure Key Vault #

To assign a specific RBAC role to a service principal, you should use the following command.

If you want to check the RBAC role assignments at the specified scope, you should use the following command.

Instead, use the vault access policy model to grant permissions for a principal to perform operations on the Key Vault. You should use the following command.

Once the above steps are done, I will show you how to retrieve a secret, which you had previously created in the Key Vault, using the identity of the virtual machine. To do this, you have to connect to the VM in question, either via remote desktop, SSH, or azure bastion, and from the VM itself, you need to run the following commands. Important : The VM must have the Azure Command-Line Interface (CLI) tool installed.

Thanks for reading my post. I hope you find it helpful.

For more information about managed identities for Azure resources, check this link .

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How to create a Key Vault managed storage account?

Hi guys, sorry if it's rookie question but I'm brand new to Azure and am trying to create a KV managed storage account. I've created a resource group, an ADLS account and a Key Vault.

I've then tried running these commands:

The first one runs fine, the second one keeps giving me this error:

'storage' is misspelled or not recognized by the system. Did you mean 'restore' ?

Even running this doesn't work:

Get-AzKeyVaultManagedStorageAccount -VaultName <myKVname> -name <myADLSaccName>

I get this error:

Get-AzKeyVaultManagedStorageAccount: Operation returned an invalid status code 'Forbidden'

Code: Forbidden

Message: Caller is not authorized to perform action on resource.

If role assignments, deny assignments or role definitions were changed recently, please observe propagation time.

What am I doing wrong?

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How to perform and automate key rotation in Azure Key Vault

To add another level of security, find out how to automatically rotate keys within Azure key vault with step-by-step instructions for Azure Portal, CLI and PowerShell.

• Liam Cleary, SharePlicity

Regularly rotating keys is a best practice and an industry standard for cryptographic management. Within Azure Key Vault, you can use a rotation policy to configure individual key rotations with specified frequencies.

This step-by-step tutorial shows how to create a key rotation policy and how to integrate Azure Key Vault with Event Grid to receive notifications.

What permissions do you need for Azure Key Vault key rotation?

To perform Azure Key Vault rotation actions, your account or the administrator account requires specific key management permissions. The built-in roles are as follows:

• Key Vault Administrator. Performs all data plane operations on the key vault and objects in it.
• Key Vault Certificates Officer. Performs any action on key vault certificates but can't manage permissions.
• Key Vault Contributor. Manages key vaults but can't assign roles in Azure RBAC or access secrets, keys or certificates.
• Key Vault Crypto Officer. Performs any action on keys, except manage permissions.
• Key Vault Crypto Service Encryption User. Reads key's metadata and performs wrap/unwrap operations.
• Key Vault Crypto User. Uses keys to perform cryptographic operations.
• Key Vault Reader. Reads key vaults' metadata as well as its certificates, keys and secrets. The role does not allow the user to read sensitive values.
• Key Vault Secrets Officer. Performs any action on secrets, except manage permissions.
• Key Vault Secrets User. Reads secret contents.

These roles work only for key vaults that have the role-based access control ( RBAC ) permission model. The default options are access policies, so be sure to choose Azure RBAC. For the next examples, we will use the Key Vault Crypto Officer role.

To assign permission to an account, you can use the Azure Key Vault administration pages, PowerShell or Azure CLI . In this example, we will use CLI.

The subscription scope is added within the identity and access management ( IAM ) section of the Azure tenant. This means it is available at the highest level and inherited down at the vault. Use the path for the specific vault if you need more granular control.

The specified account can perform cryptographic functions with this permission set, including key rotation.

How to create a key rotation policy

You can now define and create a rotation policy with the permission set on the subscription, resource group or key vault.

To view existing keys, you can use Azure CLI like the following:

To see the existing rotation policy for a key, use the following command:

To update the current rotation policy, you'll have options. Within the Azure Portal, enable the Enable auto rotation option, then set the rotation timespan.

If you use Azure CLI or PowerShell, define the configuration in a JSON format and then use that within the commands. The values "P30D" and "P90D" stand for the number of days -- 30 or 90 -- with "D" standing for days. If you set it to "Y, " it would become the number of years. 724 days is the maximum time length that can be set, no matter which option you pick.

With the JSON created, you can execute the following Azure CLI command:

If you want to use PowerShell to perform the same task, use the following PowerShell:

With the policy updated, the specified key will automatically rotate after 90 days.

When choosing rotation options, the key can also rotate at a specific time before expiration. If the settings aren't defined, this option is not available.

To enable this rotation, modify the key and set an expiration date and time.

Now both options are available for key rotation.

If you want to enable this type of rotation but use Azure CLI, modify the expiration date and time for the key, and execute the following command:

You also have to modify the JSON as follows:

While best practices for key rotation depend on an organization's needs, Microsoft recommends rotating keys at least every two years.

Azure Key Vault rotation integration with Event Grid

Defining Azure Key Vault rotation policies is great, but what about a notification before a key expires? Integrate Azure Key Vault with Event Grid to receive notifications. It is possible to go one step further and provide an approval process that automatically rotates the keys based on the approval.

Access the key vault and click Events to enable event grid monitoring. Then click Event Subscription and define the core details, event types and endpoint. For the event types option, use Key Near Expiry. For this example, we will use a storage queue for the events.

When you create the subscription and connect it to Azure Key Vault, events are logged as they happen.

You can also take it further and integrate it directly into Azure Functions, Logic Apps, Event Hubs, Service Bus Queues and Service Bus Topics, as well as send to hybrid connections and use webhooks .

Azure Key Vault rotation pricing

As with many features in Azure, key rotation comes at a cost. Microsoft offers different pricing for most Azure Key Vault functions based on whether you use a standard or premium subscription. Nearly all pricing, however, is identical except when you use keys protected by hardware security module , which are available only with a premium subscription.

Azure Key Vault rotation is a flat charge of $1 per scheduled rotation. If you manually rotate a key, there is no charge.

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az role assignment

Manage role assignments.

az role assignment create

Create a new role assignment for a user, group, or service principal.

Create role assignment to grant the specified assignee the Reader role on an Azure virtual machine.

Create role assignment for an assignee with description and condition.

Create role assignment with your own assignment name.

Required Parameters

Role name or id.

Scope at which the role assignment or definition applies to, e.g., /subscriptions/0b1f6471-1bf0-4dda-aec3-111122223333, /subscriptions/0b1f6471-1bf0-4dda-aec3-111122223333/resourceGroups/myGroup, or /subscriptions/0b1f6471-1bf0-4dda-aec3-111122223333/resourceGroups/myGroup/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/myVM.

Optional Parameters

Represent a user, group, or service principal. supported format: object id, user sign-in name, or service principal name.

Use this parameter instead of '--assignee' to bypass Graph API invocation in case of insufficient privileges. This parameter only works with object ids for users, groups, service principals, and managed identities. For managed identities use the principal id. For service principals, use the object id and not the app id.

Use with --assignee-object-id to avoid errors caused by propagation latency in Microsoft Graph.

Condition under which the user can be granted permission.

Version of the condition syntax. If --condition is specified without --condition-version, default to 2.0.

Description of role assignment.

A GUID for the role assignment. It must be unique and different for each role assignment. If omitted, a new GUID is generetd.

Increase logging verbosity to show all debug logs.

Show this help message and exit.

Only show errors, suppressing warnings.

Output format.

JMESPath query string. See http://jmespath.org/ for more information and examples.

Name or ID of subscription. You can configure the default subscription using az account set -s NAME_OR_ID .

Increase logging verbosity. Use --debug for full debug logs.

az role assignment delete

Delete role assignments.

Delete role assignments. (autogenerated)

Space-separated role assignment ids.

Include assignments applied on parent scopes.

Use it only if the role or assignment was added at the level of a resource group.

Continue to delete all assignments under the subscription.

az role assignment list

List role assignments.

By default, only assignments scoped to subscription will be displayed. To view assignments scoped by resource or group, use --all .

[WARNING] Azure classic subscription administrators will be retired on August 31, 2024. After August 31, 2024, all classic administrators risk losing access to the subscription. Delete classic administrators who no longer need access or assign an Azure RBAC role for fine-grained access control. Learn more: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2238474 .

Show all assignments under the current subscription.

Option '--include-classic-administrators' has been deprecated and will be removed in a future release.

List default role assignments for subscription classic administrators, aka co-admins.

Include extra assignments to the groups of which the user is a member(transitively).

az role assignment list-changelogs

List changelogs for role assignments.

The end time of the query in the format of %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ, e.g. 2000-12-31T12:59:59Z. Defaults to the current time.

The start time of the query in the format of %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ, e.g. 2000-12-31T12:59:59Z. Defaults to 1 Hour prior to the current time.

az role assignment update

Update an existing role assignment for a user, group, or service principal.

Update a role assignment from a JSON file.

Update a role assignment from a JSON string. (Bash)

Description of an existing role assignment as JSON, or a path to a file containing a JSON description.

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Error while trying to assign a custom role "Secret Reader" to an object ID for an Azure Key Vault

Can anyone tell me why i am getting this error while trying to run this command and assign a custom role "Secret Reader" to a guest account Object Id :

az role assignment create --role "Secret Reader" --assignee-object-id "12526c57-c91b-405b-9068-2b582b23e83a" --scope "/subscriptions/Not-putting this-here/resourceGroups/pallabdev/providers/Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/testhalvault"

The error i get is :

• azure-keyvault

2 Answers 2

From the error message, I suppose you ran the command in Git Bash of Windows, I can also reproduce this on my side, it was caused by the Auto-translation of Resource IDs in Git Bash, similar issue here .

To solve this issue, just set environment variable MSYS_NO_PATHCONV=1 or set it temporarily when you running the command.

I had the same problem and I simply ran the command using the Windows powershell instead of Gitbash and it worked like a charm.

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