top online physics phd programs

Online PhD Physics

Home / Online PhD Physics

Find your school

www.findbestdegrees.com is an advertising-supported site. Featured or trusted partner programs and all school search, finder, or match results are for schools that compensate us. This compensation does not influence our school rankings, resource guides, or other editorially-independent information published on this site.

On this page

Back to top.

Written By - Kris Young

Physics is a branch of science that explores the relationship between matter and energy. It is a scientific study of the interactions between forces, motion, matter, and energy. It is relevant to many other sciences such as geology, astronomy, and biology. Individuals interested in physics research and its various aspects should consider pursuing an online PhD Physics. A PhD in Physics Online will prepare them to teach in higher education, conduct research, and work in leadership roles at every level of a scientific organization. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), physicist and astronomer jobs are projected to grow 8% from 2020 to 2030 . This guide analyses various factors of a doctorate in physics, including curriculum, specializations, certifications, accreditation, and more.

Featured Online Programs

National University

Program:  find best degree.

National University, headquartered in San Diego, California, was founded in 1971 to provide educational opportunities for adult learners and working professionals. It offers over 190 degree programs, including  bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral  degrees, with flexible  online and on-campus  courses. Serving around 40,000 students and over 240,000 alumni, the university is recognized for its support of U.S. military members.  Accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission (WSCUC) , National University is committed to accessible and transformative higher education.

Best PhD in Physics including Online Programs

PhD programs in physics are offered in various universities across the country. Choosing the right program that meets the student’s interests and requirements is crucial. When selecting the best PhD in physics program, prospective students should consider several factors such as the experience of the faculty, ranking & reputation of the institution, research opportunities, support facilities, student services, the institution’s infrastructure, and so on. Based on these and other factors, here is a list of the best PhD physics programs in the United States: *

University of California, Berkeley (On Campus)

University of washington (on campus), yale university (on campus), worcester polytechnic institute (on campus), clark university (on campus), michigan technological university (on campus), ohio university (on campus), university of utah (on campus), oklahoma state university (on-campus), university of colorado (on campus).

Universities and programs are ranked by various factors, such as affordability, curriculum and coursework, reputation and availability, program length, statistics, the potential of employment, and return on investment for the students. For a more in-depth analysis, please read about our rankings methodology page . 

What to Expect from Online PhD Physics Programs

A doctorate program in physics is usually offered in offline and hybrid modes. In the hybrid model, students will have offline and online classes. They must complete a minimum of 66 to 90 coursework and dissertation credit hours. That said, each university has its own set of specific requirements of credits and coursework that the student is expected to complete.

The online PhD physics program combines research, coursework, and dissertation presentation, after which students must also orally defend their dissertation. Students will have to choose a supervisor who agrees to supervise them and guide them during their research journey. During their online PhD physics programs, they will have to maintain a GPA of 3.0 and more. They will also have to complete their core courses and electives to fulfill the PhD in physics online program requirements. Some of the core courses one can expect in the physics PhD program are:

Electromagnetic Theory

Electromagnetic theory covers various topics like electromagnetic waves, classical electrodynamics, boundary value problems of electromagnetic theory, electrostatics, magnetostatics, the theory of Fresnel and Fraunhofer, and radiation theory.

Statistical Mechanics

Statistical Mechanics teaches about thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. It also covers probability theory, hydrodynamic theory, the relationship between the density of states and entropy, and the Ginzburg Landau Theory.

Quantum Mechanics

Quantum mechanics reviews the various topics within quantum mechanics, including the general theory of angular movement, hydrogen atom, electron spin, quantum theory of scattering, stationary & time-dependent perturbation theory, the Dirac equation, and interaction of light & matter. It also teaches about wave description of particles, wave mechanics, symmetry transformation, time evolution, and symmetry states.

Mathematical Physics

This course covers various topics in mathematical physics such as vector spaces, integral transform, boundary value & initial value problem, Fourier series & generalized functions, and green function theory & applications.

Classical Mechanics

This course covers various topics within classical mechanics like rigid body kinematics and dynamics, Lagrangian formulation & the action principle, Hamiltonian formulation, relativistic mechanics, and more.

Some examples of research areas and specialties in PhD physics programs include but are not limited to:

• Theoretical Particle Physics
• Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
• Biological Physics
• Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics
• Computational Physics
• Experimental Condensed Matter Physics
• Experimental Particle Physics
• Statistical Physics
• Energy Physics

As for the basic structure of the PhD physics program, one can expect the following (varies by college and program):

(a) Coursework

The course selection for doctoral students is broad. Students can usually choose their course plans from one branch of physics to fit their needs and professional objectives.

(b) Teaching

Although not always a requirement, at some colleges, teaching experience is strongly recommended for students who are not Graduate Teaching Assistants (GTAs) but want to become professors.

(c) Residency

In some cases, unless they have an assistantship, students must complete certain prescribed credit hours of graduate-level coursework during which residency is required.

(d) Comprehensive Exams

Students must take comprehensive examinations when they have completed all coursework.

(e) Dissertation

The PhD candidate will collaborate with their advisor to choose a topic that will advance the field after passing the comprehensive exam. They will have to piece together a dissertation during and after conducting adequate research on the chosen topic.

(f) Field Experience

Doctoral students are encouraged to participate in independent study research courses to combine and relate classroom theory with field activities. They can engage with scientific communities through research and collate data from various sources for this purpose.

Read the Guide to PhD Programs to understand more.

Areas of Specializations in PhD in Physics Programs

Specialization helps gain expertise in a specific topic or a subject. It enables the individual to focus on a particular area and become an expert. By pursuing a PhD in a specialized area in physics, students will gain an opportunity to increase their specific knowledge and skills, enhancing their career prospects and earning potential. Here are some specializations available for the doctorate program in physics:

Why should I get into Online PhD Physics Programs?

Students who want to gain a professional background in physics and become academic leaders and independent researchers in the field should pursue their PhD in physics online. But how hard is it to get a PhD in physics? Earning a PhD in physics requires a lot of dedication and hard work, and it also depends on the interests of the individual. If the person has a background in research and has a strong interest in pursuing physics as their career, they will be able to fulfill their coursework requirements and their dissertation.

Students can choose their research area according to their interests and career objectives. Not only will this provide them with the knowledge and expertise required for many senior and responsible roles in teaching and industry, but it will also bring them prestige, add value to their resumé, and lead to better employability and higher salaries. Some of the crucial skills gained from physics PhD programs are the ability to:

• support learning  through collaborative inquiry, teaching, demonstration, or mentoring;
• easily acquire advanced research skills and techniques;
• identify crucial scientific problems and use analytical, computational, and modern experimental approaches to solve them;
• apply the structures of physics laws to various applications;
• effectively communicate scientific topics both in writing and orally to specialists in the research’s subfield;
• demonstrate independent creativity and thinking;
• apply computational and mathematical techniques to solve diverse and complex problems;
• use qualitative and quantitative reasoning to solve physics problems;
• demonstrate fluency in the chosen subfield in physics;
• execute and develop original research plans;
• maintain and understand the ethical standards in the field; and
• create and synthesize knowledge by making a substantial and original contribution to the area of physics.

Free Courses for PhD in Physics Students

Free courses help in gaining additional knowledge about the subject. They can be helpful while completing coursework or conducting research as well. However, it is essential to note that none of the free courses are accredited and do not lead to a PhD degree. Here are a few free courses related to physics that online PhD physics students can use:

How to enroll into the PhD in Physics Online Programs?

Each institution and program have its specific requirements the student must meet before they submit their PhD application. One of the most common requirements is that students are required to complete their undergraduate coursework before they enter the PhD program. Apart from this, there are other specific admission requirements that the applicant must fulfill. Some of these physics PhD requirements are:

Online Application & Application Fee

Completing an online application and paying the prescribed application fee.

Official Academic Transcripts

An official copy of academic transcripts from each college/university attended.

Undergraduate/Graduate Degree + Grade Point Average

An undergraduate and/or graduate degree from an accredited university and Grade Point Average (GPA) of 3.0 or more.

Graduate Record Examination (GRE) or Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) Scores

An official copy of GRE scores no older than 5 years.

Graduate Résumé or Cu rriculum Vitae

The latest résumé or CV that provides personal information and work experience.

Personal Statement or Statement of purpose

A statement outlining how the program relates to the applicant’s career goals.

Letters of Recommendation

At least 3 letters of recommendation from those who can provide a thorough evaluation of the applicant’s abilities at the graduate level (preferably from the Physics department too).

Research Proposal

A proposal of one’s potential research topic along with a summary.

Online PhD Physics No GRE Programs

The Graduate Record Examination (GRE) is a mandatory exam for applicants before applying to graduate school. Most universities require general scores and subject scores of the GRE for admission. Nevertheless, some universities waive this requirement under certain circumstances, such as the following ones that offer PhD in physics no GRE programs:

Carnegie Mellon University

Carnegie Mellon University offers a PhD in physics for which the GRE score is recommended but not required.

Cornell University

The requirement of GRE scores for the PhD physics program at Cornell University is optional (and recommended) but not mandatory.

Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences – Northwestern University

The department of Physics and Astronomy at the Weinberg College of Arts and Science does require GRE scores for admission into their programs.

How Long does it take to complete the Online PhD Physics Programs

“How many years for a PhD in physics?” is a question often asked by candidates preparing their application for the PhD program. A physics PhD program can typically take about 4 to 6 years. However, in some instances, they complete the program sooner if they have finished the required coursework in physics in their undergraduate degree. For example, a student can graduate in 3 or 4 years if the student enters the PhD program after a master’s in physics or after transferring from another institution after completing one or more years of the PhD program in physics. It is noteworthy that the physics PhD degree is offered in both full-time and part-time formats. Students who opt for the full-time program will complete their degree sooner than those who pursue it part-time.

Accelerated Online PhD Physics Programs

An accelerated degree helps students complete their program in a shorter time. Several accelerated programs are available for bachelor’s and master’s degrees, but few are available for physics PhD programs. The only way to graduate from the program faster is for students to complete their coursework and thesis sooner or transition from a bachelor’s program directly to a PhD program – like the Northeastern University – College of Science , where during the final year of their BS degree, students can apply to the physics PhD program.

Accreditations for Online PhD Physics Programs

The external recognition of an educational institution to hold a certain status or to set standards to perform an activity is known as accreditation. The accreditation of an educational institution is assessed by non-governmental, private agencies that have been mainly created to review programs and educational institutions. Accreditation assures the institution’s overall quality, which helps students make an informed decision while choosing a program. When deciding on the program and the institution, students should ensure they select from accredited PhD colleges for physics. The accreditation status is usually provided by 6 regional agencies recognized by the U.S. Department of Education ( USDE ) and/or the Council for Higher Education Accreditation ( CHEA ), which are:

• New England Association of Schools and Colleges ( NEASC )
• Middle States Commission on Higher Education ( MSCHE )
• Higher Learning Commission ( HLC )
• Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges ( SACSCOC )
• Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities ( NWCCU )
• Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) Senior College and University Commission ( WSCUC )

The Guide to College Accreditation has fuller information on college accreditation.

How to Pay for Online PhD Physics Programs?

An important factor to remember when applying to a PhD program is the tuition fee. The cost of a doctorate in physics program varies by institution and program but can run into tens of thousands of dollars. To ease a possible financial burden, students can consider a few funding mechanisms for paying for their doctorate programs, including:

Scholarships

Scholarships are a popular source of funding among students. They are given out based on one’s academic performance or awarded based on other criteria such as financial need, the field of study, and so on. Scholarships are provided by public or private organizations, educational institutions, government, and individuals.

Unlike Scholarships, grants are not provided mainly based on the student’s academic performance. Instead, they usually focus on specific research areas, target groups, education, etc. They are also available to students who can demonstrate financial need.

Fellowships

Predoctoral Fellowships, also known as PhD Fellowships, are grants awarded to doctoral candidates. PhD fellowship recipients must typically complete a future assignment or spend the funds on a specific purpose in exchange for the money. Numerous awards and fellowships are available to retain or attract the best students.

Work-Study Programs

Work-study programs, which provide part-time employment, assist students in covering school tuition and fees. Many of these jobs are related to the student’s academic program or are volunteer opportunities. Students can also gain practical experience through work-study programs.

Graduate Assistantships

Another source of funding among doctorate students is the graduate assistantship. Students can take up graduate assistant employment on campus and work in their field. They work as assistants to their professors and are provided a stipend in exchange. Some students also work as research assistants by helping their professors with their research.

Student Loans

A student loan is another option for funding PhD programs for students. Several banks, financial institutions, and the federal government offer educational loans. However, borrowing money will increase the overall cost of education because loans come with interest. Understand how one can apply for loan forgiveness to avoid repaying student loans by reading about Donors for Student Loans and Grants for Student Loans .

Students who wish to determine their eligibility for financial aid can do so by filling out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid or the FAFSA form.

Read about Financial Aid and find out everything there is to know about college funding in the How to Pay for College guide.

Fully Funded PhD in Physics Programs

PhD aspirants can apply to a fully funded PhD physics program. These fully funded PhD programs provide stipends that cover living, research and travel expenses, and health insurance. It is worth noting that each program has different criteria for funding, which students much check with the college before applying. Some examples of fully funded physics PhD programs are:

FAQs Related to the Online PhD Physics Programs

How hard is it to get a phd in physics.

Considering the combination of a research project, dissertation, and coursework, a PhD in physics can be hard to earn. But if the candidate has a strong interest in physics and research, can manage their time well, and is determined to pursue the program professionally, they can complete their PhD with relative ease.

How long does it take to get a physics PhD?

Typically, it takes around 4 to 6 years to complete a PhD in physics. However, students can complete their PhDs sooner depending on their research topic and how fast they finish their coursework and fulfill the program’s requirements.

How to get a PhD in Physics?

For entry into the physics PhD degree, prospective candidates must have completed an undergraduate degree in physics or finished the required physics coursework. Once they complete their coursework and dissertation requirements through their PhD programs, they are conferred a PhD degree.

Is a physics PhD program worth it?

A PhD in physics can be challenging and might take a lot of effort due to the research workload. But it is worth it for students who want to pursue their career in physics and are interested in research. A PhD in physics will help one become an expert in research and develop an understanding of techniques that apply to physics research. With a PhD in physics, graduates can work in a wide range of settings in senior and responsible roles and earn high salaries.

What concentrations are there in a physics PhD?

Physics is a broad subject with different sub-topics under it. Hence, there are various concentrations in the physics PhD degree. Some of them are PhD in theoretical physics, engineering physics PhD, biophysics, applied physics, medical physics, chemical physics, experimental physics, and more. Students can choose their PhD programs based on their research and career interests.

Where to do a PhD in physics?

Students who wish to pursue their doctoral studies in physics can do so from an institution that is nationally or regionally accredited. They should also consider the research experience of the faculty, funding opportunities, quality of the institution, coursework, curriculum of the program, etc. Some of the best institutions for a PhD physics are listed on this page.

What can you do with a PhD in physics?

After earning a PhD in physics, graduates can work in diverse areas, including academics and research. Physics PhD graduates can choose from potential careers such as natural science managers, biophysicists, research scientists, computational scientists, and more.

Career Opportunities and Salaries after Online PhD Physics Programs

A physics PhD will increase the individual’s salary and enhance job prospects. After completing the online PhD in physics, graduates can work in diverse areas and various job positions in physics, in senior and responsible roles, including in research and teaching positions in industry and academia. They can also work in other sectors such as healthcare, technical sales, finance, industrial research, government, and more. From the numerous job titles the online physics PhD graduate can have, some examples are:

• Lab Scientist
• Chief Science Officer
• Computational Physicist
• Research Scientist
• Product Engineer 
• Experimental Physicist
• Radiation Physicists
• Staff Scientist
• Medical Physicist

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the demand for physicists and astronomers is set to rise by 8% between 2020 and 2030 , as fast as the average for all occupations. Listed below are some careers in physics and their statistical data, including estimated job growth, median annual salary, and the skills required. (Note: salaries mentioned are typically for bachelor’s/master’s degree holders; PhD holders are likely to be paid more.)

Certifications and Licensing for PhD in Physics Students

A great approach to broadening one’s knowledge and going deeper into a field is getting certifications related to that field. Even though a PhD is sufficient to work in most physics professions, obtaining certifications that add value to one’s education is always good. Along with increasing one’s job opportunities, certifications also improve earning potential. Physicists can get various certifications to help them gain expertise and sharpen their skills. Some examples include:

American Board of Science in Nuclear Medicine (ABSNM) Certifications

The American Board of Science in Nuclear Medicine (ABSNM) issues certifications to candidates who meet the board’s requirements and pass relevant examinations. These certifications show that the individual has demonstrated and acquired knowledge in one or more specialties in nuclear medicine – (1) Radiopharmaceutical Science, (2) Nuclear Medicine Physics and Instrumentation, (3) Radiation Protection, and (4) Molecular Imaging.

American Board of Radiology (ABR) Initial Certification

The American Board of Radiology (ABR) offers certifications in three specialties – (1) Diagnostic Medical Physics, (2) Therapeutic Medical Physics, and (3) Nuclear Medical Physics. The recognition of successful candidates, maintenance of certification, and initial certification in medical physics are covered by ABR.

American Board of Health Physics (ABHP) Certification

Professional Certification in the field of health physics is granted to candidates who pass an exam by the American Board of Health Physics (ABHP). Certified Health Physicists will be eligible for American Academy of Health Physics ( AAHP ) membership.

Additional Resources for PhD in Physics Students

Interacting with others, attending seminars, reading publications and journals related to physics, and solving and identifying problems with the help of others are some of the ways of staying up to date on the newest advances in physics. It is good to stay relevant and gain additional knowledge in the field as it helps in knowing the upcoming trends and growth in the profession. Here are some valuable resources for online PhD physics students to explore:

American Institute of Physics (AIP)

The American Institute of Physics (AIP) provides resources for its Member Societies to coordinate, leverage, and pool their diverse contributions and expertise, intending to advance physical sciences in the economy, research, enterprise, society, and education. AIP also acts as an independent institute where research in policy, history, and social science advances the discipline of physical sciences.

Physics Instructional Resource Association (PIRA)

The Physics Instructional Resource Association (PIRA) works with support specialists and physics educators to support the advancement of physical education. They develop effective techniques and teaching tools to promote physics education. PIRA supports physics education in high schools, elementary schools, universities, and community colleges.

American Physical Society (APS)

The American Physical Society (APS) is a non-profit membership organization working to diffuse and advance the knowledge of physics through its scientific meetings, outreach, research journal, advocacy, education, and international activities.

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) seeks to defend and promote the integrity of science and its use, as well as strengthen support for technology and science enterprises. It has members in more than 91 countries who aim to increase public engagement with science and technology.

The American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM)

The American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) supports the medical physics community by focusing on improving the efficacy and safety of radiation oncology and medical imaging procedures through research. AAPM publishes two scholarly journals and sponsors three scientific journals once a year.

The average tuition (based on degree type for in-state students), average graduation rates, and rankings are based on data from various sources, including the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), and are variable over time. All rankings and statistics are subject to change. The rankings are solely the opinion of Find Best Degrees (FBD) and are based on our proprietary methodology . They do not represent the views of the institutions or organizations mentioned, nor do they represent any official government census or survey. Furthermore, any views or opinions expressed on this page are of FBD’s researchers and teams. Unless otherwise specified, they do not represent the thoughts and opinions of the individuals, institutions, or organizations mentioned. This page’s content is provided solely for informational purposes, with data drawn from various sources, including IPEDS. FBD and its employees make no guarantees regarding the accuracy or completeness of any information found on this page or by following any link. FBD will not be held liable for any errors or omissions in this material nor any losses, injuries, or damages resulting from the exposure or use of this information. Although the information on this page is/was correct at the time of publication, readers should exercise caution because some or all of the provided information may have changed over time, potentially resulting in inaccuracies. For more information, please read our Terms of Service . Trademarks and logos are the property of their registered owners.

Best Physics Schools

Ranked in 2023, part of Best Science Schools

Graduate schools for physics typically offer a range of

Graduate schools for physics typically offer a range of specialty programs, from quantum physics to relativity, as well as plentiful research opportunities to bolster a science education. These are the best physics schools. Each school's score reflects its average rating on a scale from 1 (marginal) to 5 (outstanding), based on a survey of academics at peer institutions. Read the methodology »

• Clear Filters

• Utility Menu

Apply   |   Contact Us   |   Carol Davis Fund   Anonymous Feedback to the Physics Chair

Graduate studies, commencement 2019.

The Harvard Department of Physics offers students innovative educational and research opportunities with renowned faculty in state-of-the-art facilities, exploring fundamental problems involving physics at all scales. Our primary areas of experimental and theoretical research are atomic and molecular physics, astrophysics and cosmology, biophysics, chemical physics, computational physics, condensed-matter physics, materials science, mathematical physics, particle physics, quantum optics, quantum field theory, quantum information, string theory, and relativity.

Our talented and hardworking students participate in exciting discoveries and cutting-edge inventions such as the ATLAS experiment, which discovered the Higgs boson; building the first 51-cubit quantum computer; measuring entanglement entropy; discovering new phases of matter; and peering into the ‘soft hair’ of black holes.

Our students come from all over the world and from varied educational backgrounds. We are committed to fostering an inclusive environment and attracting the widest possible range of talents.

We have a flexible and highly responsive advising structure for our PhD students that shepherds them through every stage of their education, providing assistance and counseling along the way, helping resolve problems and academic impasses, and making sure that everyone has the most enriching experience possible.The graduate advising team also sponsors alumni talks, panels, and advice sessions to help students along their academic and career paths in physics and beyond, such as “Getting Started in Research,” “Applying to Fellowships,” “Preparing for Qualifying Exams,” “Securing a Post-Doc Position,” and other career events (both academic and industry-related).

We offer many resources, services, and on-site facilities to the physics community, including our electronic instrument design lab and our fabrication machine shop. Our historic Jefferson Laboratory, the first physics laboratory of its kind in the nation and the heart of the physics department, has been redesigned and renovated to facilitate study and collaboration among our students.

Members of the Harvard Physics community participate in initiatives that bring together scientists from institutions across the world and from different fields of inquiry. For example, the Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms unites a community of scientists from both institutions to pursue research in the new fields opened up by the creation of ultracold atoms and quantum gases. The Center for Integrated Quantum Materials , a collaboration between Harvard University, Howard University, MIT, and the Museum of Science, Boston, is dedicated to the study of extraordinary new quantum materials that hold promise for transforming signal processing and computation. The Harvard Materials Science and Engineering Center is home to an interdisciplinary group of physicists, chemists, and researchers from the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences working on fundamental questions in materials science and applications such as soft robotics and 3D printing.  The Black Hole Initiative , the first center worldwide to focus on the study of black holes, is an interdisciplinary collaboration between principal investigators from the fields of astronomy, physics, mathematics, and philosophy. The quantitative biology initiative https://quantbio.harvard.edu/  aims to bring together physicists, biologists, engineers, and applied mathematicians to understand life itself. And, most recently, the new program in  Quantum Science and Engineering (QSE) , which lies at the interface of physics, chemistry, and engineering, will admit its first cohort of PhD students in Fall 2022.

We support and encourage interdisciplinary research and simultaneous applications to two departments is permissible. Prospective students may thus wish to apply to the following departments and programs in addition to Physics:

• Department of Astronomy
• Department of Chemistry
• Department of Mathematics
• John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS)
• Biophysics Program
• Molecules, Cells and Organisms Program (MCO)

If you are a prospective graduate student and have questions for us, or if you’re interested in visiting our department, please contact  [email protected] .

• GRADUATE STUDIES
• Admissions & Financial Aid
• Admissions FAQs
• Advising Team
• Advising Portal (Graduate)
• Course Requirements
• Other PhD Tracks
• Griffin Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
• GSAS Student Council
• PhD Thesis Help
• Tax Information

• Diversity & Inclusion
• Community Values
• Visiting MIT Physics
• People Directory
• Faculty Directory
• Faculty Awards
• History of MIT Physics
• Policies and Procedures
• Departmental Committees
• Academic Programs Team
• Finance Team
• Meet the Academic Programs Team
• Prospective Students
• Requirements
• Employment Opportunities
• Research Opportunities

Graduate Admissions

• Doctoral Guidelines
• Financial Support
• Graduate Student Resources
• PhD in Physics, Statistics, and Data Science
• MIT LEAPS Program
• Physics Student Groups
• for Undergraduate Students
• for Graduate Students
• Mentoring Programs Info for Faculty
• Non-degree Programs
• Student Awards & Honors
• Astrophysics Observation, Instrumentation, and Experiment
• Astrophysics Theory
• Atomic Physics
• Condensed Matter Experiment
• Condensed Matter Theory
• High Energy and Particle Theory
• Nuclear Physics Experiment
• Particle Physics Experiment
• Plasma Physics
• Quantum Gravity and Field Theory
• Quantum Information Science
• Strong Interactions and Nuclear Theory
• Center for Theoretical Physics
• Affiliated Labs & Centers
• Program Founder
• Competition
• Donor Profiles
• Patrons of Physics Fellows Society
• Giving Opportunties
• Latest Physics News
• Physics Journal: Fall 2024 Edition
• Events Calendar
• Physics Colloquia
• Search for: Search

Admissions Information for Prospective Graduate Students

Thank you for considering the PhD program in Physics at MIT. Information regarding our graduate program and our application process can be found below and through the following webpages and other links on this page. If your questions are not answered after reviewing this information, please contact us at [email protected] .

Here are some links to pages relevant to prospective students:

• Material Required for a Complete Application , and information about When/How to Apply can be found below on this page.
• We have an FAQ which should help to answer many questions, and we provide Application Assistance from staff and students if you don’t find what you need in the FAQ.
• Additional Guidance about the application itself, along with examples, can be found on a separate page. The graduate application is available at https://apply.mit.edu/apply/ .
• General information about the graduate program and research areas in the physics department may also be of use.
• MSRP (MIT Summer Research Program) is designed to give underrepresented and underserved students access to an MIT research experience, pairing each student with a faculty member who will oversee the student conducting a research project at MIT.

Statement regarding admissions process during COVID Pandemic (Updated Summer 2023)

MIT has adopted the following principle: MIT’s admissions committees and offices for graduate and professional schools will take the significant disruptions of the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 into account when reviewing students’ transcripts and other admissions materials as part of their regular practice of performing individualized, holistic reviews of each applicant.

In particular, as we review applications now and in the future, we will respect decisions regarding the adoption of Pass/No Record (or Credit/No Credit or Pass/Fail) and other grading options during the unprecedented period of COVID-19 disruptions, whether those decisions were made by institutions or by individual students. We also expect that the individual experiences of applicants will richly inform applications and, as such, they will be considered with the entirety of a student’s record.

Ultimately, even in these challenging times, our goal remains to form graduate student cohorts that are collectively excellent and composed of outstanding individuals who will challenge and support one another.

Questions or concerns about this statement should be directed to the Physics Department ( [email protected] ).

Applying to the MIT Department of Physics

We know that the application process can be time-consuming, stressful, and costly. We are committed to reducing these barriers and to helping all applicants receive a full and fair assessment by our faculty reviewers. Help is available from the Physics Graduate Admissions Office at [email protected] and additional assistance from current students is offered during the admissions season. Further details are described at the end of this page in our Assistance for Prospective Applicants section.

The list below describes the important elements of a complete application. Please reach out to us at [email protected] if you have a concern or logistical difficulty that could prevent you from providing your strongest application.

Required for a Complete Application

1. online application and application fee.

• MIT Graduate Admissions Online Graduate Application
• Application Fee: $90

2. University Transcript(s)

Unofficial transcripts are sufficient for our initial review, with final transcripts required as a condition of matriculation for successful applicants. Applicants should include a scan of their transcript(s) and, if a degree is in progress, should include a list of the class subjects being taken in the current semester. The portal will allow applicants to log back into the application after the deadline to add their Fall term grades when they are available.

Note: We will respect decisions regarding the adoption of Pass/No Record (or Credit/No Credit or Pass/Fail) and other grading options during the unprecedented period of COVID-19 disruptions, whether those decisions were made by institutions or by individual students.

3. Standardized Test Results

• GRE Tests : The Physics GRE (PGRE) is recommended but not required for graduate applications. All applications will be given full consideration with or without GRE scores.
• TOEFL or IELTS Test or a waiver is required for non-native English speakers. MIT’s TOEFL school code is 3514; the code for the Department of Physics is 76. IELTS does not require a code. Eligibility for TOEFL/IELTS waivers is in our FAQ section .
• Self-reported scores are sufficient for our initial application screening, with official scores required for admitted students as a condition of their offer. Applicants should attach a scanned copy of their test score report.

4. Letters of Recommendation

Letters should include any individual work applicants have done and/or areas where they have special strengths. It is possible to submit up to 6 total letters, but 3 are sufficient for a complete application and committee members may evaluate applications based on the first three letters that they read.

5. Statement of Objectives

Research is central to graduate study in physics. The Statement of Objectives/Purpose should include descriptions of research projects, aptitude and achievements as completely as possible. This important part of the application provides an opportunity to describe any interests, skills, and background relative to the research areas selected on the application form. Applicants should share anything that prepares them for graduate studies and describe their proudest achievements.

Additional Application Materials

• Research, Teaching, and Community Engagement – Any special background or achievement that prepares the applicant for Physics graduate studies at MIT. This may include research at their undergraduate school as part of their Bachelor or Master degree, or summer research at another program or school.  We also value our student’s contributions to their community on a variety of scales (from institutional to societal) and we encourage applicants to tell us about their teaching and community engagement activities.  The “experience” questions are intended to provide a CV-like listing of achievements, some of which may be elaborated on in the “Statement of Objectives” and/or the optional “Personal Statement”.
• Publications, Talks, and Merit Based Recognition – Recognition of success in research, academics, and outreach can take many forms, including publications, talks, honors, prizes, awards, fellowships, etc.  This may include current nominations for scholarships or papers submitted for publication.
• Optional Personal Statement – Members of our community come from a wide variety of backgrounds and experiences. We welcome any personal information that will help us to evaluate applications holistically and will provide context for the applicant’s academic achievements. This statement may include extenuating circumstances, significant challenges that were overcome, a non-traditional educational background, description of any advocacy or values work, or other information that may be relevant.
• Detailed instructions for each application section, and many examples , can be found on the “ Additional Guidance ” page.  The detailed instructions are lengthy, and are intended to be read only “as needed” while you work on your application (i.e., you don’t need to go read the whole thing before you start).

When/How to Apply

When : Applications can be submitted between September 15 and December 15 by 11:59pm EST for the following year.

How : The application is online at https://apply.mit.edu/apply/

Application Assistance

Faculty, students, and staff have collaborated to provide extensive guidance to prospective applicants to our graduate degree program, which we detail below:

• Our website provides answers to many frequently asked admissions questions
• Admissions staff are available for questions at [email protected] . We encourage students to send their questions early in the application process, as staff become increasingly busy with requests as the application deadline approaches!
• The Physics Graduate Application Assistance Program ( PhysGAAP ) is run by current graduate students and offers online webinars, office hours, and one-on-one mentoring. Registration is now open for Fall 2024 , and more information is provided below.

Physics Graduate Application Assistance Program (PhysGAAP)

PhysGAAP is a program offering resources for students applying to graduate school, and it was first started to reduce the barriers for application to the MIT Physics PhD program and address the underrepresentation of students from historically excluded communities. Our services include annual webinars about the application process, office hours to answer questions, and a one-on-one mentoring program for students who would benefit from more in-depth, individual assistance. Visit the PhysGAAP website for more information! 

The Fall 2024 webinars will be held on October 16th at 9-10am and 4-5pm. Zoom and Slido information will be sent 1 week before the webinar to applicants who have registered for PhysGAAP using this form .

Recordings of past webinars can also be found on our website . Please note past webinars may contain outdated information about some topics, such as GRE requirements.

Office Hours

Our Office Hours are a space where you can briefly chat with an MIT Physics graduate student about questions you may have about applying to graduate school. For example, if you have questions about the specifics of applying to MIT Physics, what materials you need for your application, or other questions that only require a one-time meeting, office hours may be a good option for you.

Information about the Office Hours program will be sent out to those who register for PhysGAAP through this form .

1-on-1 Mentorship

1-on-1 mentoring is offered for students who would benefit from more in-depth individual assistance. Our capacity is limited, so we will give preferential consideration to PhysGAAP Mentorship applicants who would most benefit from the program and can demonstrate that they are a good fit. We therefore ask prospective applicants to start by asking their questions at our webinars and office hours program. 

If applicants want further assistance, they may apply to the PhysGAAP Mentorship Program, which pairs prospective graduate school applicants with current graduate students who can provide feedback on their application and insight into graduate school and the MIT Physics PhD program. 

Applications for the PhysGAAP Mentorship Program will open later in the Fall and are expected to close in early-mid November . To stay up to date on when the applications open, please register for PhysGAAP through this form .

Please note that participation in PhysGAAP is not considered during admissions review. It helps applicants put forward their strongest materials, but does not guarantee admission into our graduate program.

Admissions/Application FAQs

Our Frequently Asked Questions provide further information about degree requirements, funding, educational background, application deadlines, English language proficiency, program duration, start dates and deferrals, and fee waiver requests.

The MOST Frequently Asked Question…

What is included in a strong graduate application for physics at mit.

Applications are assessed holistically and many variables are considered in the application review process. The following four main factors are required for a complete application.

• the applicant’s statement of objectives or purpose,
• transcripts of past grades,
• score reports of any required standardized tests,
• three letters of reference.

In addition, any past research experience, publications, awards, and honors are extremely helpful, particularly if they are in the area(s) of the applicant’s interest(s). Applicants may also include a personal statement in their application to provide context as the materials are assessed.

Applications are routed to admission committee members and other faculty readers using the “areas of interest” and any faculty names selected from the menu as well as based on the research interests included in the statement of objectives. Please select the areas of interest that best reflect your goals.

Instructions are available in the application itself , with further guidance on our Additional Guidance page. The Physics Admissions Office will respond to questions sent to [email protected] .

General Questions Regarding the PhD Program in Physics

Must i have a degree in physics in order to apply to this graduate program.

Our successful applicants generally hold a Bachelor of Science degree in Physics, or have taken many Physics classes if they have majored in another discipline. The most common other majors are astronomy, engineering, mathematics, and chemistry. Bachelor of Science degrees may be 3-year or 4-year degrees, depending on the education structure of the country in which they are earned.

What are the requirements to complete a PhD?

The requirements for a PhD in Physics at MIT are the doctoral examination, a few required subject classes, and a research-based thesis. The doctoral examination consists of a written and an oral examination. The written component may be satisfied either by passing the 4 subject exams or by passing designated classes related to each topic with a qualifying grade; the oral exam will be given in a student’s chosen research area. The Physics Department also requires that each student take two classes in the field of specialization and two physics-related courses in fields outside the specialty. Research for the thesis is conducted throughout the student’s time in the program, culminating in a thesis defense and submission of the final thesis.

Can I take courses at other schools nearby?

Yes. Cross-registration is available at Harvard University and Wellesley College.

How many years does it take to complete the PhD requirements?

From 3 to 7 years, averaging 5.6 years.

How will I pay for my studies?

Our students are fully supported financially throughout the duration of their program, provided that they make satisfactory progress. Funding is provided from Fellowships (internal and external) and/or Assistantships (research and teaching) and covers tuition, health insurance, and a living stipend. Read more about funding .

Note: For more detailed information regarding the cost of attendance, including specific costs for tuition and fees, books and supplies, housing and food as well as transportation, please visit the Student Financial Services (SFS) website .

How many applications are submitted each year? How many students are accepted?

Although the number varies each year, the Department of Physics usually welcomes approximately 45 incoming graduate students each year. Last year we received more than 1,700 applications and extended fewer than 90 offers of admission.

What are the minimum grades and exam scores for admitted applicants?

There are no minimum standards for overall grade point averages/GPAs. Grades from physics and other related classes will be carefully assessed. Under a special COVID-19 policy, MIT will accept transcripts with a variety of grading conventions, including any special grading given during the COVID-19 pandemic. PGREs (Physics subject GRE) is not required for graduate applications but is recommended.

Our program is conducted in English and all applicants must demonstrate their English language proficiency. Non-native English speakers should review our policy carefully before waiving the TOEFL/IELTS requirements. We do not set a minimum requirement on TOEFL/IELTS scores; however, students who are admitted to our program typically score above the following values:

• IELTS – 7
• TOEFL (computer based) – 200
• TOEFL (iBT) – 100
• TOEFL (standard) – 600

The Application Process

When is the deadline for applying to the phd program in physics.

Applications for enrollment in the fall are due each year by 11:59pm EST on December 15 of the preceding year. There is no admission cycle for spring-term enrollment.

The COVID-19 pandemic has made it difficult for me to take tests in person. Can I still apply?

PGRE (Physics subject GRE) is not required for graduate applications but is recommended. Non-native English speakers who are not eligible for a test waiver should include their results from either an in-person or online version of the TOEFL or IELTS test.

Does the Department of Physics provide waivers for the English language exam (TOEFL/IELTS)?

An English language exam (IELTS, TOEFL, TOEFL iBT, or the C2 Cambridge English Proficiency exam) is required of all applicants who are from a country in which English is not the primary language. Exceptions to this policy will be considered for candidates who, at the start of their graduate studies in 2025, will have been in the US or in a country whose official language is English for three years or longer and who will have received a degree from a college or university in a country where the language of education instruction is English. An interview via telephone, Zoom, or Skype may be arranged at the discretion of the Admissions Committee. More information on a possible English Language Waiver Decision (PDF).

Does the Department of Physics provide application fee waivers?

Although we do not want the MIT application fee to be a barrier to admission, we cannot provide application fee waivers to all who request one.  The Department of Physics has a limited number of fee waivers to grant. Applicants should first investigate their eligibility for a fee waiver through the Office of Graduate Education . Those not eligible will be prompted to submit a departmental application. Fee waiver requests will only be considered *before* an applicant has submitted the application, but *after* they have completed all parts of the application, including transcript uploads and requests for letters of recommendation. Fee waiver requests for incomplete applications will not be considered. Fee waiver requests will be considered on a first-come-first-served basis, and not after December 1. Furthermore, applications lacking the paid fee or a fee waiver by 11:59pm EST on December 15 will not be reviewed or considered for admission.

Can I arrange a visit to the Physics Department or a specific research area?

We are not currently hosting or meeting with outside visitors in person, nor are we facilitating visits to our classrooms. Current graduate students and prospective applicants should direct any questions by email to [email protected] .

Applicants are invited to send specific questions to the Physics Admissions Office and some questions may be forwarded to current students for further information. Admitted students will be invited to attend an in-person open house.

Can I receive an update on the status of my application?

Candidates can check on the status of their application at apply.mit.edu/apply at any time. It is the applicant’s responsibility to ensure that all items are sent.

When will I be notified of a final decision?

Applicants will be notified via email of decisions by the end of February. If you have not heard from us by March 1, please send email to [email protected] .

We do not provide results by phone.

Can admitted students start in a term other than the next Fall semester?

Applications submitted between September 15 and December 15 by 11:59pm EST are assessed for the following Fall semester. We do not provide a separate admission review cycle for the Spring semester. Individual research supervisors may invite incoming students to start their research during the summer term a few months earlier than their studies would normally begin. All other incoming students start their studies in late August for the Fall term.

Once admitted, applicants may request a one-year deferral to attend a specific academic program or for another approved reason, with single semester deferrals for the following Spring term granted only rarely.