shortest phd programs in canada

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PhD Courses in Canada

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PhD Degrees in Canada

A PhD is the highest degree awarded at global universities. Study is based on a substantial research project in an area of academic interest, typically up to 100,000 words in length, written as a thesis which must be defended in an oral examination at the end of the program. All PhD students are assigned a supervisor, and the duration of a PhD is typically three years full-time and six years part-time.

Very few research degrees feature taught modules, and as such a student is expected to take more responsibility for their work and schedule. Universities in Canada are known for their academic excellence and state-of-the-art research infrastructure, along with their support for enterprise partnerships.  

PhD Entry Requirements

Canadian institutions are free to admit anyone to a PhD program, with admission generally conditional on the prospective student having completed an undergraduate degree with at least upper second-class honours, as well as a master's degree . English language ability proof is a must, and a minimum IELTS score of 6.5 is generally required. There is usually a first-year assessment to remain in study and the thesis is submitted at the end of the completed program.

Once you have decided on an area of research and have looked into how you will fund your study, there are a number of documents required when submitting your application. They include:

• Academic transcripts
• Academic references
• Personal statement
• Research proposal

- PhD Research Proposal

A research proposal is required by all students when applying to study for a PhD. The proposal should address the research you wish to undertake, how you will do it, and why it is important. A panel of experts must accept the proposal before your program can begin.

How much does a PhD cost in Canada?

Funding and researching a PhD can be expensive. Candidates can cost between $5,000-$20,000 per year, although this is still considerably cheaper than US or UK equivalents. Dedicated scholarships can help support your PhD, and it is rare for a PhD student not to be supported by some form of bursary, grant or scholarship .

Study a PhD in Canada

If you are interested in studying a research degree in Canada, arrange a free consultation with SI-Canada today.

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Top 10 Best 1-Year PhD Programs Online

Are you searching for the best 1-year PhD programs online? A growing number of students are choosing master’s and doctorate degrees with flexible, online models. In a highly competitive job market, having an advanced qualification gives you better salary potential and job prospects. However, not everyone can afford the time and costs of a traditional-length PhD program and living on-campus. If you’re a working professional and want to continue your studies, an online PhD is an excellent option.

Remember, don’t be fooled by the online mode. While the fastest PhD programs offer immense flexibility, they’re by no means easy. It can still be a major time commitment, and that’s where 1-year PhD programs online come into play. Additionally, not everyone will complete 1-year PhD programs in one year; rather, the curriculum makes it possible. Other obligations might force students to take two years to complete their programs.

Ready to find the shortest doctoral program online? Let’s get started!

Table of Contents

Best 1-Year PhD Programs Online

Chatham university.

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)

Chatham University is known for its social mobility and support for disadvantaged students. The school’s Doctor of Nursing Practice takes 12 months to complete if you stay on track, and you’ll need to have a master’s degree in nursing to be considered. The program aims to develop future nursing leaders who will improve healthcare delivery and could very well be the fastest doctorate degree program out there!

• Courses : Structure and application of contemporary nursing knowledge, quality improvement in health care, and communication & collaboration for healthcare leadership
• Duration : 12 months
• Credits : 27
• Tuition : $1,126 per credit
• Financial aid : Scholarships, graduate assistantships, veteran benefits, and alumni discounts
• Graduation rate : 62.5%
• Location : Pittsburgh, PA

Breyer State Theology University, Department of Ethereal Doctor of Psychology in Grief Counseling

Ethereal Accelerated Doctor of Psychology in Grief Counseling

Breyer State Theology University aims to provide students with high-level knowledge to follow religious careers as ministers, theologians, and counselors. Its Ethereal Doctor of Psychology program in Grief Counseling is also one of the shortest doctoral programs available, with a 1-year duration. It is one of the only online accelerated PhD that helps counselors become specialized in grief and bereavement.

• Courses : An overview of psychotherapy & counseling, ethics in grief counseling, and therapy with the terminally ill
• Tuition : $4,500
• Location : Brandenton, FL

Related:  Top 10 Best PhD in Theology Programs 

American International Theism University

Accelerated Ethereal Doctorate in Business Administration

The American International Theism University provides accelerated doctoral programs in various disciplines, including theology, business, social work , music, and the arts. This specific accelerated doctoral program prepares students for roles in education, research, government departments, or private business administration. The school offers many disciplines for its online accelerated PhD programs, and you can complete them within one year.

• Courses : International business, managerial economics, and strategic management
• Tuition : $7,950
• Location : Englewood, Florida

Frontier Nursing University

Frontier Nursing University was ranked third  in the nation for the best online master’s program in FNP by the US News & World Report. This program is suitable for certified nursing practitioners and midwives with an MSN in nursing. The minimum duration for completion is 15 months.

• Duration : 15-18 months
• Credits : 30
• Tuition : $19,950
• Financial aid : Scholarships, loans, etc.
• Location : Versailles, KY

Boston University, Boston University College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College

Online Post-Professional Doctor of Occupational Therapy (PP-OTD)

Boston University is the largest non-profit university in the US, offering a range of programs across various levels and disciplines. Its PP-OTD program is open to graduates in occupational therapy and has three intakes per year (May, September, and January). As part of this online accelerated PhD program, each semester requires you to work on your doctoral project parallel to other coursework.

• Courses : Contemporary trends in occupational therapy, health promotion and wellness, and social policy and disability practicum
• Duration : 18 months
• Credits : 33-36
• Tuition : $1,994 per credit
• Financial aid : Merit-based scholarships, loans, etc.
• Graduation rate:  87.2%
• Location : Boston, MA

Maryville University

Online Doctor of Nursing Practice

Maryville University is a private university that has offered post-secondary education since 1872. Its DNP enables practitioner nurses to pursue roles at the highest level of the nursing sector. The program is fully online, with no campus attendance required.

• Courses : Principles of epidemiology and biostatistics, advanced health care policy, and quality and patient safety in advanced nursing practice
• Duration : 20 months
• Credits : 33
• Courses : 11
• Tuition : $922 per credit
• Financial aid: Scholarships, student employment, loans, and grants
• Graduation rate:  44.6%
• Location : St. Louis, MO

The University of North Carolina, School of Medicine

Transitional Doctor of Physical Therapy (tDPT)

The University of North Carolina is a public research university, the flagship university of the North Carolina system. A public Ivy university, its transitional DPT program equips working professionals with specialized knowledge in three key areas: clinical foundation, clinical practice, and specialty practice.

• Duration : 24 months
• Tuition : Refer tuition page
• Financial aid : Scholarships and loans
• Graduation rate : 90.8%
• Location : Chapel Hill, NC

Grand Canyon University, College of Nursing and Healthcare Professions

Grand Canyon University is a private Christian university. Its DNP program is well-suited to professional working nurses and offers advanced education in nursing leadership, medical informatics, and public health . You can transfer up to three doctoral credits from previous studies.

• Courses : Emerging areas of human health, patient outcomes and sustainable change, and data analysis.
• Credits : 39
• Tuition : $725 per credit
• Financial aid : Scholarships, grants, and loans.
• Graduation rate : 37.6%
• Location : Phoenix, AZ

Liberty University

Doctor of Ministry (DMin)

Liberty University is a Christian university that offers various online programs at undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral levels in various disciplines. Its DMin program has a practical focus, equipping students to handle ministry-setting challenges. The program is made up of 8-week courses, and you can transfer up to 50% of degree credits.

• Tuition : $565 per credit hour
• Graduation rate: 28.5%
• Location : Lynchburg, VA

University of West Georgia

Doctor of Education in Professional Counseling and Supervision

The University of West Georgia is a public university with 12,700 students with a student-faculty ratio of 19:1. This doctoral program in counseling covers counseling methods through clinical and administrative supervision, advocacy and leadership, and program evaluation.

• Courses : Ethical leadership in education and advanced therapeutic techniques in counseling.
• Tuition : $241 per credit
• Financial aid : Scholarships, grants, federal work-study, and loans.
• Graduation rate : 39.1%
• Location : Carrollton, GA

What Are 1-Year PhD Programs Online?

A one-year PhD program is a doctorate you can complete in a very short time and generally requires 30 credits. Though short online PhD programs are called “1-year online doctoral programs”, very few universities offer PhD programs that can be completed in a year.

Most programs take around 15 months or so to complete, though some can last up to two years. Generally, any PhD you can complete in two years or less is considered in this category.

Related Reading:  Top 15 Cheapest Online PhD Programs

Do All The Shortest PhD Programs Require a Dissertation?

No. Many short Ph.D. programs don’t require a dissertation. However, some of these programs involve a research project parallel to other coursework. This means the project must be completed within the program duration, unlike longer doctorates, where the research component is dedicated years after your coursework.

Why Choose a One-year PhD Program Online?

Many opt to study 1-year PhD programs online because they want to earn their doctorate in a short period and enter the competitive job market earlier. This can save you years, not to mention a significant amount of money. After all, many of us cannot afford to spend 5-7 years getting a PhD while balancing work and personal commitments.

Benefits and Challenges of Short Online Doctoral Programs

The key benefit of short doctoral programs is earning a PhD while saving a considerable amount of time and money . You’ll also be able to enter the job market with your doctoral qualification much earlier.

On the other hand, it can be challenging to complete a doctorate in such a short period , often making your studies rather intense. However, if you’re willing to work hard for these short years, you will be able to enjoy the many benefits of having the letter “PhD” after your name.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the shortest doctoral program online.

You won’t find a doctoral program that can be completed in less than a year. Chatham University’s DNP (Doctor of Nursing Practice) and Breyer State Theology University’s Ethereal Accelerated Doctor of Psychology in Grief Counseling are two of the few, if not only, programs currently available that you can complete within a year. However, you can complete some in a little over a year or two years.

Can you Get a PhD in 1 Year?

Very few universities provide PhD programs that can be completed in exactly one year. Even many programs referred to as “1-year PhDs” actually take a little more to complete and up to two years. However, several doctorates can be completed within a year or two, though not across all disciplines.

What is the Quickest Doctorate Degree to Get?

Chatham University’s DNP (Doctor of Nursing Practice) is probably the quickest PhD you can get today, as you can finish it in 12 months. Breyer State Theology University’s Ethereal Accelerated Doctor of Psychology in Grief Counseling also takes only one year.

How Can an Online Program Help Accelerate the Doctorate-Earning Process?

On-campus programs typically have a rigid structure and fixed program duration, usually meaning you have to complete them within around three and seven years. On the other hand, many online programs give you the flexibility to go at your own pace. This often means that you can choose to accelerate through the courses fast and complete the program in a shorter period of time.

Are Fast Doctorate Programs as Good as Regular Programs?

You can’t make a direct comparison between fast doctoral programs and regular programs. Regular programs go at a slower pace, so you get plenty of time to study, observe, reflect, and experiment with what you’re learning.

On the other hand, fast doctoral programs involve a more intense type of study and, arguably, you need to put in more effort. However, these short programs also allow you to gain a valuable doctorate qualification and take your career to the next level in a comparatively short period of time.

Final Thoughts

Though rapid PhD programs are broadly called one-year programs, not all can be completed within one year. Many universities provide PhD programs that you can complete within two years. The best 1-year PhD programs online are an excellent way to earn a doctoral degree with minimal disruption to your work and personal life.

If you’re interested in exploring other PhD programs, take a look at our guides on the best PhD programs in marketing , psychology , and history .

Related:  Top 10 Highest Paying PhD Degrees in 2022

Lisa Marlin

Lisa is a full-time writer specializing in career advice, further education, and personal development. She works from all over the world, and when not writing you'll find her hiking, practicing yoga, or enjoying a glass of Malbec.

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By far the most important thing to consider when researching doctoral programs is — how will your degree be perceived and valued by the people you want to work with.

If you want to become a college professor, you’re not going to be hired with a quickie doctorate. What they look for is how well you’ve become integrated into the academic world by becoming an expert: working on significant projects, publishing peer-reviewed papers, speaking at professional meetings, etc. And for sure they will discard your application once they see your degree is from one of the schools in this article.

The ONLY time I would recommend one of these degrees is if you ALREADY have a job you like, and by completing a doctorate, you can be placed higher on the salary scale. Or, if you’re a practicing RN or other medical professional. Or, you just want to impress your friends. But one of these won’t help you enter a new profession. Ask to speak to graduates and see if they’re now working in a new profession because of completing a doctorate.

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Graduate studies in Canada

Transform your future with a graduate degree from a Canadian university. With a global reputation for education and research excellence, Canada is the ideal choice for your master’s degree, PhD or doctoral studies.

Canada is a global leader in research and innovation

Canadian universities conduct research at one of the world’s highest rates. Canada’s thriving research culture exceeds the G7 average in terms of impact in the fields of clinical medicine; biology; information and communication technologies; agriculture; fisheries and forestry; earth and environmental sciences; economics; and business.

To put it into context, Canadian universities conducted CAD 14.3 billion in research and development (R&D), representing 40% of the total 2017 Canadian R&D (Statistics Canada, Spending on Research and Development , 2020).

Canadians have a long, proud history of developing innovations that have changed the world, including the electric wheelchair, Canadarm space technology, IMAX film, Java programming language and wireless radio transmission.

We also have a long list of medical and scientific breakthroughs. Among them: insulin, the pacemaker, the HAART therapy treatment as HIV prevention, open heart surgery and transplantable stem cells. More recently, a Canadian PhD student made a groundbreaking cancer discovery at Queen’s University. Caitlin Miron discovered a chemical compound (DNA binder) that could ‘switch off’ cancers cells and prevent them from spreading (Global News, Canadian PhD student makes groundbreaking cancer discovery , 2017).

Why not add your name to the list? Our teaching and research programs offer endless possibilities for you to work with world-leading researchers in cutting-edge research laboratories.

Graduate program options

In virtually every field of academic study, Canadian universities offer graduate degree programs.

• Master’s degrees require 1 or 2 years of study after completing your bachelor’s degree. In Canada, your master’s studies can include a thesis, practicum, research paper or a course‑based program.
• PhD and doctoral degrees involve 3 to 5 years of study, including a thesis. This usually is pursued after completing your master’s degree. Your PhD path will include a dissertation that you prepare based on extensive and original research in your field.

Search colleges & universities

Canadian institutions offer both in-person master’s degrees and PhD programs as well as online or distance education options.

The case for higher education in Canada

• Canada is seen as the #3 destination in the world for the quality of education we offer international students (U.S News & World Report, Best Countries for Education, 2021 ).
• Graduate studies in Canada are affordable at an average cost of CAD 19,252 for a degree (Statistics Canada. Canadian and International tuition fees, 2020-2021 ).
• A total of 26 Canadian universities feature in the QS World University Rankings 2021, an achievement matched only by a handful of other countries ( QS World University Rankings, 2021 ).

Cost of graduate studies in Canada

Your graduate studies are a smart career investment. Canada’s master’s and PhD programs are recognized around the globe, and our relatively lower cost of living makes the opportunity even more appealing to international students like you. Even Canada’s larger cities are more affordable than many cities around the world. 

Graduate tuition fees in Canada can vary depending on the program and location you choose. 

Study costs

Scholarships to study in Canada

You may be eligible for a scholarship, fellowship or grant to complete your postgraduate studies in Canada. The Government of Canada, our provinces and territories and many educational institutions offer funding for international students.

Find scholarships

Admission requirements and credits

Each university in Canada has its own admission requirements. To learn out about admission requirements for the program you want to pursue, visit the website of the university you would like to attend. Contact the university directly to determine whether your existing credits can be applied toward that program.

To study at a Canadian university, you must provide proof of your English or French language capabilities, depending on the language you choose for your studies.

• English-language universities may require you to write a Test of English as a Foreign Language  (TOEFL),  International English Language Testing System  (IELTS), Cambridge English Assessment or the  Canadian Academic English Language Assessment  (CAEL).
• French-language universities assess students individually. To learn what a certain university requires, check with the Office of the Registrar at the school you wish to attend.

Keep exploring

5 steps to study in Canada

Explore the 5 key steps to follow to get ready to make Canada your study destination.

Common pathways to college and university

Canada's education system is flexible. Discover all the paths you can take to achieve your goals.

Top reasons to study in Canada

Discover the many reasons why international students choose to study in Canada.

Doctor of Education in Distance Education

At a glance.

• Credential: doctorate degree
• Credits: 18
• Next start: see program details

Athabasca University’s online Doctor of Education in Distance Education is a professional doctoral degree for distance education practitioners and those with related career experience.

Be a part of the AU student community

A journey of a thousand miles starts with a single step. Sign up to receive more information from AU and start your education with us.

About Doctor of Education in Distance Education

At Athabasca University, we're proud to offer North America's first online Doctor of Education in Distance Education (EdD). Designed for professionals in distance education, adult education, and related fields, this 18-credit doctoral program provides you with the advanced skills and research opportunities you need to excel in leadership roles. The program is accessible and flexible for working professionals, with one intake per year and an online grouped study format that includes a 1-week, on-site orientation.

Admission requirements

Normally, admission requirements include a master’s degree in a relevant field with a minimum grade point average (GPA). See full Doctor of Education in Distance Education admission requirements

Program details

Tuition and fees, career options.

The EdD provides rigorous preparation for advanced responsibilities and leadership in the distance-learning field, including:

• implementing
• researching

Research is an important focus, as you will be expected to make an original and significant contribution to their profession as part of your doctoral program. Research opportunities include:

• examination of practice
• theory-building
• basic research

More conceptual or theoretical interests may also be accommodated.

Why take the Doctor of Education in Distance Education?

AU is a global leader in distance education teaching, scholarship, and program innovation. You will be learning from leaders in the field.

As a professional doctoral degree, the EdD program provides a relevant and accessible learning context designed for the working professional. This program may be of interest to:

• distance education
• adult education
• continuing education
• policy development and implementation
• academics, teachers, and instructors who wish to specialize in aspects of distance education research and scholarship
• instructional design specialists
• senior-level managers and program planners

The Doctor of Education in Distance Education is an 18-credit online doctoral program. You must normally complete the entire program through Athabasca University. (Inquire if you have questions.)

Application deadlines and start dates

There is only 1 EdD intake each year. The application deadline is in January, and classes start in May. An orientation in Edmonton or Athabasca for 1 week is a program requirement. All courses are online grouped study, with defined start and end dates. As noted above, the program includes a 5-day on-site orientation.

Completion times

Finish this program in as little as 4 years of study. You can take up to 5 years to complete all requirements.

Understanding how higher education fees and tuition are calculated is important to ensure you stay within your budget and make informed decisions.

Financial aid and awards

We're dedicated to supporting your academic goals and committed to helping you overcome financial barriers by providing many funding and award options.

The following fees are effective Jan. 1, 2024, to Aug. 31, 2024. All fees are quoted in Canadian dollars and are subject to change. Academic-related fees are exempt from the Federal Goods and Services Tax (GST). GST is added to all other goods and services, for example, workshops, some publications, self-help seminars, and Athabasca University promotional sales items.

The EdD fees consist of a yearly program fee and individual course fees. The annual program fee is paid in three installments (see the example below). Individual course fees are due by the course registration deadline.

If a company or other organization is sponsoring your tuition, we will require a Letter of Guarantee.

* Students may take up to 5 years to complete their degree. After year 4 (12 installments of $1,810 already paid), there will be a continuation fee of $1,810 payable each 4-month term.

†Should Candidacy and/or EDDE 806 not be completed in year 3, they may be completed in year 4. Students work towards completing their dissertation in year 4. Please note that students must pay a minimum of 12 program installments even if they complete the program in less than 4 years

Fee information effective Jan. 1, 2024, to Aug. 31, 2024.

At Athabasca University, our Doctor of Education in Distance Education (EdD) program is thoughtfully structured to facilitate collaborative learning and professional growth. The program is cohort-based, admitting around 12 students each year who will generally progress through the program together, offering you a chance to network and learn within a diverse community of skilled professionals. Your journey kicks off with a mandatory 5-day orientation, combining instruction, program planning, and community-building activities. The coursework is paced and sequential, featuring 6 core online courses along with important milestones like the proposal defence and dissertation, ensuring you meet the highest standards of proficiency in scholarship, research, and teaching.

To complete the program you will need to fulfill all the general requirements of the Doctor of Education in Distance Education.

Our program regulations can give you an idea of what courses you need to finish this program, and how to plan the order you’ll take them in. If you’re feeling stuck, our academic advisors can help.

Program regulations

Courses to explore

Below are some of the courses that our students take in this program. Please consult an advisor to confirm any course planning , as some of these courses may not apply to you.

Focus areas

With a Doctor of Education in Distance Education from Athabasca University, you'll be well-equipped for high-level roles in distance and adult education, including academic research, policy development, and program planning. Whether you're eyeing positions as a senior educational administrator, instructional design specialist, or a consultant in educational technologies, this credential will give you the expertise to lead and innovate in your field.

Depending on your experience and goals, some careers may include:

• chief learning officer
• academic researcher
• director of distance education
• academic dean of online programs
• education policy advisor
• senior instructional designer
• research director in educational technology
• educational consultant
• program director for adult education
• university provost
• educational technology strategist

Resources and links

Additional information that you need to know about AU and this program.

Program resources

• Visit program website
• Apply online
• View Calendar

Additional resources

• The AU Advantage
• View program listings

Program contact

• Toll free: 1-800-788-9041 ext.6179
• Email program

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How to pay less for a PhD in Canada

Getting a PhD in Canada means you’ll get the chance to work with leading experts at top international unis. At the same time, you’ll be taking advantage of the country’s modern high-tech facilities and also have an opportunity to apply for the post-study work visa scheme. 

First, however, you’ll need to afford the high tuition fees charged to international students. A PhD in Canada’s University of Manitoba, for example, costs around $10,240 Canadian dollars. 

The good news is there are several scholarships and grants to help international students fund their PhD in Canada:

*** If you’re looking for scholarships to fund your bachelor’s or master’s degree in Canada, check out our list of “Scholarships in Canada you can still apply for before 2021 ends.”

Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship

The government of Canada launched this in 2008 to offer world-class doctoral students a financial award for their studies . This scholarship is worth CA$50,000 a year for up to three years. 

To apply, you have to make sure you’re only nominated by one Canadian institution, the same place you’re pursuing your first doctoral degree. You have until November 3 to apply. 

Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation Doctoral Scholarship

Full-time students in a social sciences and humanities programme are eligible for this generous programme, which  includes leadership training and alumni network opportunities. 

Recipients get up to CA$40,000 per year for three years and up to CA$20,000 to learn languages (English and French), pay for travel and accommodation, and conduct research three times over three years. Early January is the cut-off time for the application.

  View this post on Instagram   A post shared by Explore Canada (@explorecanada)

Connaught International Scholarship

This programme helps international doctoral students with a scholarship top-up of CA$35,000 a year . The nomination process is conducted by the University of Toronto during the winter admission session and is renewable for up to five years (depending on the terms).

One thing to note is that this is only applicable to international candidates who are about to begin their PhD in Canada. The deadline here varies according to the uni’s individual graduate units. 

President’s Academic Excellence Initiative PhD Award

Approximately CA$4.3 million a year is awarded to PhD candidates at the University of British Columbia. I nternational students can get CA$1,500 a year , even if their programme has started. Application is still open.

University of Alberta Graduate Recruitment Scholarship

For eligible starting their PhD in Canada next January, you will be considered on the recommendation of the admitting department. No application is involved here. The award is given in increments of CA$5,000.

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Short Term Programs

If you are looking for short-term programs that offer an immersive introduction to studying in Canada at prestigious universities or any other professional training , these programs are designed for you. They will provide you with a quick look into the vibrant academic environment but will also inspire you to consider pursuing further studies or research projects at CALDO member universities.

Explore detailed information about specific programs offered by each university below

McMaster Short Programs

uOttawa Short Programs

Queens Short Programs

uWaterloo Short Programs

UAlberta Short Programs

uLaval Short Programs

For more information on how to apply see the Steps to Apply section.

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PhD in Canada: Top Universities, Application Process, Cost, Scholarships and Job Prospects

Syed Yusuf Ashraf

Content Curator | Updated On - Jul 15, 2024

• Course Duration: PhD in Canada typically has a duration of 4 to 6 years depending on number of credits, or extensions period.  
• Cost of Study: PhD in Canada cost around 4,134 CAD to 24,998 CAD (2.53 lakhs to 15.31 lakhs INR) per annum for Indian students  
• Admission Requirements: Indian students require 75-80% in bachelor’s or master’s degree to secure admissions in PhD Degree programs in Canada.
• Average Salary: T he average salary of PhD in Canada graduates is 91,000 CAD (55.75 lakhs INR) per annum as per payscale.com.

PhD in Canada is a 4 to 6 year degree available in a variety of disciplines. Applicants failing to complete this degree within a given time frame can request a 6 months extension. The Phd program is available for Indian students in subjects like business administration, computer science, economics, mechanical engineering, pharmacy etc. PhD in Canada is an ideal option for those seeking higher job profiles in government firms, school/university, or a researcher scientist.

For admissions to Phd In Canada , you must hold a bachelor's or master's degree with an overall academic average of 75-80% . Your degree must be equivalent to the course you are applying for.

• A GMAT score between 550-600 is required for business related PhD courses in Canada.
• GRE scores are generally not required for admissions to PhD programs in Canada. However, Indian students are highly encouraged to submit a GRE score of 300 or above to strengthen their application.
• Additionally, you must target at least 7.0 in IELTS or TOEFL IBT score of 92 to meet English proficiency requirements.
• Indian students can also improve their chances of admissions if they have research experience.

The Canadian government had recently proposed a budget of 825 million CAD to support researchers for the next 5 years. This will not only increase the job opportunities but also the amount stipend for next generation researchers. Hence, pursuing a PhD in Canada will be an ideal choice for Indian students in the coming 5 years. After completion of PhD in Canada, Indian students can expect job roles such as professor, research scientist, research engineer etc.

Top Universities for PhD in Canada

Why study phd in canada, phd in canada application process, phd in canada cost of study, phd in canada scholarships, phd in canada job prospects.

Tabulated below are the top universities for PhD in Canada based on the latest QS World University rankings:

PhD in Computer Science in Canada

PhD in Engineering in Canada

PhD in Medical Science in Canada

PhD in Business in Canada

PhD in Humanities in Canada

PhD in Canada allows graduates to work with top industry leaders of their respective fields. The Canadian universities offer exceptional research opportunities for Indian students along with state of the art facilities.

• Affordable Tuition Fees: PhD degrees in Canada are relatively less expensive than in the United States. For Indian students, the annual tuition fee for a PhD degree in Canada ranges from 4,134 CAD to 24,998 CAD (2.53 lakhs to 15.31 lakhs INR) .
• Diverse Disciplines: There are a diverse range of disciplines available with a PhD degree in Canada. The most popular disciplines for Indian students being computer science, business, engineering, humanities and medical science.
• Easy PR: PhD graduates can easily obtain a PR in Canada through the Ontario Immigrant Nominee Program. For this, you must apply to IRCC for permanent residency status in Canada. PhD students are eligible for PR even without a job offer.
• Scholarships : Canadian universities offer several scholarships for PhD students regardless of their nationality and background. Indian students can avail a scholarship up to 50,000 CAD through Canada Graduate Scholarships Doctoral Program. The other most popular PhD scholarships for Indian students include International Doctoral Student Award, Ontario Graduate Scholarship, and Vanier scholarships.

The entry requirements for a PhD in Canada may vary depending on the specialization and the university it is offered by. Below is the basic admission requirements for Indian students regardless of university and specialization:

Admission Requirements

• Bachelors’ or master’s degree with 75-80%
• IELTS- 6.5-7.5
• TOEFL IBT - 92-100
• GMAT - 550-600
• Statement of purpose
• Letters of recommendation
• CV or Resume
• Research experience

PhD in Canada University Specific Requirements

Check specific GPA requirements along with test scores across top universities in Canada for PhD program:

PhD in Canada is highly affordable compared to its neighbor the United States. For the 2024-25 academic year, Indian students can expect to pay around 4,134 CAD to 24,998 CAD (2.53 lakhs to 15.31 lakhs INR) annually in tuition fees. Being a PhD student, you need an annual budget of 21,120 to 28,440 CAD (12.93 lakhs to 17.42 lakhs INR) to meet the cost of living in Canada .

Tuition Fees

Check out the estimated tuition fee for studying a PhD degree in Canada across top universities:

Cost of Living in Canada

Following are the likely expenses that you may include while planning an annual budget For living expenses in Canada.

Indian students pursuing a PhD in Canada are eligible for several scholarships and funding opportunities. Some of these fundings cover both tuition fees and living expenses. Given below are the most popular Phd scholarships in Canada for Indian students :

According to payscale.com, the graduates of PhD degree typically earn an average salary of 91,000 CAD (55.75 lakhs INR) per annum). The graduates with PhD in Computer in Canada earn the highest with average salary being 123,000 CAD (75.35 lakhs INR). PhD graduates in Canada are likely to witness a pay rise in the coming 5 years. Being a PhD graduate in Canada, you can secure high positions in higher education, research and various government positions across the country.

Top Paying Job Roles for PhD in Canada Graduates.

Canada is one of the best choices for Indians seeking a PhD degree abroad. PhD students are eligible for endless facilities and benefits in Canada. Canada offers various scholarships for international students including Indians students. This helps them fund both educational and living expenses in Canada. Indian students can also work part-time while pursuing PhD in Canada for up to 10 hours during semesters.

Ques. Is PhD in Canada worth it?

Ans. PhD in Canada is worth going for as an Indian student. The degree offers numerous facilities for students including research opportunities, state of the art facilities, high paying job profiles, and easy access to permanent residency in Canada

Ques. Do PhD students in Canada get PR?

Ans. PhD graduates are eligible for PR In Canada even without a job offer. To obtain a PR in Canada, PhD graduates must apply for IRCC for permanent residence status in Canada.

Ques. Is IELTS required for PhD in Canada?

Ans. A minimum IELTS score of 6.5 is required for PhD in Canada. However, Indian students must target a band score of 7.0 or above to get admissions in top universities offering PhD In Canada. Universities such Mcgill and McMaster require an IELTS score of 7.5 for some PhD courses.

Ques. Can I work during my PhD in Canada?

Ans. PhD students can work in Canada as long as they have a study permit. PhD students are eligible to work 10 hours per week during semesters. Upon graduation, PhD graduates can work and live up to 3 years in Canada through a post graduate work program.

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• PhD Funding in Canada – A Guide for 2023

PhD Funding in Canada

Written by Mark Bennett

A low cost of living and an emphasis on the importance of support for research students makes Canada a surprisingly affordable place to complete a PhD . The country's excellent research opportunities and international outlook only add to the appeal.

Canadian PhD funding can take the form of government fellowships, independent research scholarships or graduate assistantships offered by universities themselves. We've covered all of the main options on this page and explained how best to find support for your doctorate.

On this page

• How Canadian PhD funding works

The cost of a PhD in Canada

• Government funding
• Student loans

Industry and charities

University grants and assistantships, canadian phd funding – what you need to know first.

Canada is a big place: strictly speaking, it's the world's second-largest country by land mass. Or, if that's not enough to impress you, Canada's largest lake is bigger than several countries, including Denmark, Scotland and Switzerland.

What does this have to do with PhD study? Well, Canada's size – and the fact that it's split into several substantial provinces and territories – makes it tricky to generalise about funding. Here are a few things to bear in mind before you do:

• Canada does offer student loans but these are usually only available to Canadian citizens or other students with the right to permanent residence in Canada.
• Canada is divided into 10 separate provinces (there are also three territories, but these don't host research universities) and each has the freedom to determine its own educational policy. This means that some funding options can vary between universities in different states,
• Doctoral fees are usually higher for international students but this isn't always the case. Some universities make a point of charging the same fee to all candidates.
• Some Canadian universities actually impose a baseline funding standard for their PhD students. This means that everyone who is admitted to a do a PhD has to be provided with a minimum amount of support by their department, research group or graduate school.

It may be helpful to take a look at our overall guide to PhD study in Canada , if you haven't already done so.

Canada is a fairly affordable destination for international PhD students and is generally cheaper than other popular countries like the UK and USA . That said, the cost of studying a PhD in Canada does vary (we've mentioned that it's a big country, right?).

Canadian PhD fees aren't regulated by the central government, or by individual federal governments. This means that universities can charge what they wish for their doctoral programmes. Some also charge extra for international students, but this isn't always the case.

As a rough estimate, you can expect to pay between CAD $2,500 and CAD $17,000 (USD $1,830-12,425) per year for your PhD fees.

It's worth checking whether or not you'll actually need to pay these fees. Some Canadian universities automatically waive PhD tuition as part of a baseline funding arrangement. In practice this is the same as them giving all doctoral students a scholarship or fellowship (and usually means applications will be more competitive).

Living costs

The Canadian Government expects international students to have around CAD $10,000 (USD $7,310) available to support themselves for each year of study (this is one of the requirements for a Canadian study permit). In practice you should probably aim to have a little bit more available, with around CAD $1,000 (USD $730) per month for accommodation and maintenance.

See our guide to living in Canada during a PhD for more advice.

Other expenses

Whether or not you'll need health insurance to study a PhD in Canada depends on which province your university is located in. It's best to speak to them directly; some institutions even provide their own health insurance via their student union.

Most international students will also need a study permit to live in Canada during a PhD. This is effectively a Canadian student visa and normally costs CAD $150 (USD $110).

Canadian Government PhD funding

The Canadian Government recognises the contribution of international PhD students (like you!) to the country's ongoing status as a centre for world-leading research and education. There are a range of international PhD scholarships in Canada, whilst several of its national research centres also provide funding for doctoral training.

PhD scholarships in Canada

Queen elizabeth scholarships.

Named for Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, who is also Canada's head of state, this scheme supports international students from a range of countries (not just the UK).

The most recent call for applicants was intended for students from West African countries and was awarded through individual Canadian universities, with generous funding available for successful applicants.

Deadlines for Queen Elizabeth doctoral scholarship applications are usually set in October. Keep an eye on the QES website , or ask your prospective university if it expects this funding to be available to you.

Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarships (Vanier CGS)

The Vanier scholarships provide up to CAD $50,000 (USD $36,585) per year for doctoral study in Canada. Over 150 scholarships are available each year, specifically for international students.

To apply, you will need to be nominated by your institution and demonstrate excellence in research and leadership potential.

There's more information on the Vanier CGS website .

National Research Councils

The Canadian Government awards funding for research and doctoral training in different fields through a group of federal research and development bodies. These include:

• The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC)
• The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
• The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
• The Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR)

Most of the doctoral funding offered by these councils, such as their flagship Canada Graduate Scholarships isn't normally available to applicants who are not Canadian citizens or permanent residents.

However, particular awards or funding programmes may be made available to international students in some years.

International Development Research Centre (IRDC)

Canada's IRDC distributes government funding to assist with research into global development challenges.

Opportunities are available for Canadian and international students to apply for support with a PhD through the IRDC Doctoral Research Awards. These typically offer a maximum salary of CAD $48,659 (USD $35,600) for 12 months of PhD research in relevant fields.

See the IRDC website for more details.

Other opportunities

The Government of Canada website features an interactive database of funding opportunities for international students.

Student loans for international students in Canada

Even though federal and provincial loans from the Canadian government are reserved for domestic students, international students are free to take a loan with a commercial banks ot other third-party organisations. These loans have a specific interest rate and you'll have to adhere to a strict repayment schedule.

Sometimes banks offer student-friendly interest rates, however, you must think carefully about how you'll manage repayments so you don't accummulate debt.

Canada is a large country (as we may have mentioned) with a huge number of independent organisations pursuing and funding research at PhD level. Some of these are trusts and foundations with charitable goals. Others are commercial companies with an interest in producing new products and intellectual property.

It's in the nature of these opportunities to be quite changeable and the best way to spot them is often to chat with a prospective supervisor (they'll usually know who does and doesn't fund research in your field). There are a couple of larger organisations you should be aware of though:

Mitacs Accelerate

Mitacs works to connect Canadian universities with business and industry in order to support the country's knowledge-based economy and research and development goals.

Their Mitacs Accelerate Fellowships provide funding for doctoral students to complete a PhD through collaboration between their university and an external partner. Fellowships provide funding for up to four years of doctoral work, including several internships that develop the candidate's wider skills and employability.

See the Mitacs Accelerate website for more information.

Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation

Formed in honour of Canada's former prime minister, Pierre Trudeau, the PETF provides scholarships for doctoral research in Humanities and Social Sciences at Canadian universities.

International students are eligible to apply provided their research aligns with the goals of the foundation (to focus on human rights, responsible citizenship, connections between Canada and other countries, and relationships between people and the environment.

You will need to be recommended for a scholarship by a Canadian university which has already accepted you for your PhD. The competition normally opens in September, with a December deadline. Scholarships are selected in March ready to commence in the autumn.

See the Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation website for more information.

Canadian universities have a strong commitment to supporting their PhD students.

Some departments and graduate schools actually stipulated a minimum funding amount that must be provided to all their doctoral students. This means that you are guaranteed some funding if you are offered a place on the relevant PhD programme.

It isn't possible to search for this funding across all universities, but you should keep an eye out for it when exploring Canadian PhD projects and programmes. Keep an eye out for terms like baseline funding or minimum funding packages .

Graduate assistantships

It's common for Canadian universities to offer some form of funding in return for doctoral students completing work within their department. Sometimes this is additional paid work, treated like a salary. Other times it may be a condition of a baseline funding package, or PhD fellowship.

There are three common types of assistantship:

• Teaching assistantships pay PhD students to assist with the delivery of undergraduate (and sometimes Masters) programmes in their subject. You may be asked to teach classes, demonstrate techniques, supervise projects and mark assessments. In return you'll normally receive a salary in line with public sector pay standards. This may count as taxable income, rather than direct funding.
• Research assistantships are like grants provided by supervisors / principle investigators to support PhD students within their work groups. This money is usually paid as a stipend or scholarship and doesn't always come with additional responsibilities (as your PhD is already a contribution to the group's research).
• Academic assistantships provide funding in return for additional work that is separate from your PhD, but isn't exclusively related to teaching. This might include carrying out separate data collection and analysis, or simply taking on further administrative and upkeep responsibilities within your lab or department.

The best way to find graduate assistantships for PhD study in Canada is to check with individual universities and departments.

Find out more

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Universities in Canada for PhD: Find Top 10 Universities in Canada for PhD

Clinical medicine, information and communication technologies, psychology and cognitive sciences, to name a few, are all areas where Canada is regarded as a world leader in research. Universities in Canada are critical to the country's status as a worldwide research player. They conduct 40% of Canada's research and development, making them one of the OECD and G8 countries with the highest rates of academic research. You could collaborate on real-world initiatives with commercial partners or perform independent research under the supervision of a knowledgeable advisor. It's entirely up to you. Thus to help PhD graduates like you to get started, this blog lists the top 10 universities in Canada for PhD.

Suggested: Complete Guide on How to pursue PhD in Canada for International Students!

10 Best Universities in Canada for PhD

It is important to choose the right t universities in Canada for PhD as it impacts your learning experience and job opportunities after graduation. To help you make the right decision, we have listed the best PhD colleges in Canada:

Let’s now move ahead towards understanding the courses provided by universities in Canada for PhD. But before that understand how to apply for PhD in Canada as an international student!

An Overview of Courses in Best Universities in Canada for PhD

Now that you have a better understanding of what are the top universities for PhD in Canada. Let’s move ahead towards helping you understand what PhD courses look like from the top universities in Canada.

University of Toronto

• University of British Columbia
• McGill University
• McMaster University
• University of Waterloo

1. University of Toronto

Apart from the bachelors and masters programs offered, University of Toronto offers PhD programs in various subjects. The doctorate program offers advanced scholarly research in the theoretical basis of information studies.

2. University of British Columbia

University of British Columbia has been known to accept bright and hardworking students into the field of doctorate programs. The university offers various specialisations under the PhD program, making it ideal for any international student to choose the options. Be aware of University of British Columbia applications, as the number of seats are limited.

3. McGill University

McGill University is another exceptional university to pursue PhD programs. McGill universities programs are designed to cater to the current needs of the international students. They have a great expert team to assist the PhD students here. The university is well known for providing cutting edge research opportunities.

4. McMaster University

McMaster University is another well known university that offers versatile PhD programs. From Science to Communication, the university has a range of courses that caters to all PhD holders needs. Most of the programs are via research based courses and have a study period of 4 years.

5. University of Waterloo

If you’re looking to pursue PhD programs in engineering, mathematics and computer science, then University of Waterloo is the right choice as it is rated the number 1 preference in these subjects. University of Waterloo is also considered the number 1 for experiential learning which is evident in the courses and programs they provide which in this case is PhD.

Master's studies in research are frequently used as a stepping stone to a doctoral program and a PhD, the highest level of research degree. Doctoral program are intended to prepare research scientists and, in some circumstances, future professors, while graduates are increasingly employed in a variety of fields. With plenty of suitable options the hunt for universities in Canada for PhD is exhaustive. Now that you have the details of the top PhD colleges in Canada, it’s time to take note of intakes and deadlines to study in Canada in 2022 as well. Thus to enroll in the universities in Canada for PhD, here are the admission requirements.

Frequently Asked Questions about Universities in Canada for PhD

Which PhD specialistion is most in demand in Canada?

Most PhD programs in Canada are in demand but the highest demanded PhD program is Business, Engineering, Health, Education,etc.

Is studying in the top universities in Canada for PhD worth it?

Yes studying in the PhD colleges in Canada is worth it because the country offers PhD studies in prestigious universities, is known for its high standard academic standards and has a community of experienced experts who are knowledgeable of the subject they teach.

What are the PhD requirements in Canada for international students?

To apply in the top universities in Canada for PhD, there are a set of requirements that need to be catered. The list is stated below: 1) A Masters Degree 2) Official Transcripts 3) GPA scores 4) CV/Resume 5) Research Statement 6) Writing Sample 7) Letters of Recommendation 8) English Language Proficiency Test Scores

Can PhD students apply for PR in Canada?

Yes, a PhD student is eligible to apply for PR in Canada as apart from their work study period, they are also allowed to work for up to 3 years making them eligible for a PR status. 

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1-Year Online PhD Programs: Fast-Track Your Doctorate

Featured Expert: Dr. Shiti Malhotra, PhD

1-year PhD programs online is a bit of a misnomer, at least, the 1-year part. There are few to no legitimate PhD programs online or in-person that last only one year. The minimum for how long does it take to get a PhD is three years, and even those programs are few and far between. Even the easiest PhD programs to get into will take up to three or four years to complete, so don’t expect a fast track when it comes to completing your doctorate. In this article, we’ll give you a list of some of the shortest online graduate programs available for doctorate degrees in both the US and Canada. 

>> Want us to help you get accepted? Schedule a free initial consultation here <<

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Article Contents 13 min read

1-year phd programs online in the us, 1. online doctor of education phd at the university of southern california.

Degree Required: Master’s degree in education or a related field.

Tuition: $60,000-$80,000

Program Length: 3-5 years (you must complete 43 units)

This PhD program online is focused on leadership in education and consists of four specific concentration areas that you can focus on:

• K-12 Leadership in Urban School Settings
• Leading Instructional Change
• Higher Education Administration
• Educational Psychology

You do not have to have a background in Education, and you can explain in your graduate school statement of purpose why you have decided to pursue this degree. The delivery method is completely virtual so you won’t have to attend any in-person class. You can attend virtual lectures synchronously and all your completed assignments can be delivered online. You must also have a minimum 3.0 GPA to be considered.

Degree Required: Master’s degree in computer science or a related field.

Tuition: $45,000-$60,000

Program Length: 3-4 years

This 1-year PhD program online takes around three years to complete. The graduate program requirements include completing 60 credits, which you can satisfy by choosing from over 20 different courses in various subjects from artificial intelligence and cybersecurity. As with other PhD programs you can choose from six different concentrations within the program to choose as your dissertation. Based on your research proposal, you can choose from three different research methods to explore your topic, such as quantitative, qualitative or constructive research. You can apply online through National University’s streamlined application process that lets you upload your application materials and personal information in only a few minutes.

3. Online Doctor of Business Administration at the University of Phoenix

Degree Required: Master’s degree

Tuition: $50,000-$70,000

The DBA at the University of Phoenix takes about three years to complete and has a 54-credit requirement. You can begin working on your dissertation as you as enter the program, while also completing the 18 core courses that will provide a foundation to complete the rest of your degree. You don’t have to choose between the GMAT or GRE as this 1-year PhD program online is one of the few graduate programs that don’t require the GRE . You must have at least a 3.0 GPA for all your graduate level courses, and you must also have a graduate degree from an accredited program in the US. International students on student visas are allowed to apply, but, as an international student, you must also provide English proficiency test scores to gain admission.

Degree Required: Master’s or Bachelor’s degree

Program Length: 2.5-8 years

You’ll have three different tracks to complete your PhD in Psychology from Walden, with the fastest giving you at least 2.5 years to meet the degree requirements. You can also choose Track 1 or Track 2 both of which give you more time (up to eight years) to complete this 1-year PhD program online. Track 1 requires you to complete at least 85 credits and Track 2 requires you to complete a minimum of 112 credits to earn your degree. As a health-care related program, you can choose to complete a psychology residency either in-person or virtually, but the “residency” refers more to an academic conference where you will meet and learn from program faculty and other psychology professionals.

5. Online Doctor of Nursing Practice at the University of Colorado Denver

Degree Required: Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing

This combined degree program (BS-DNP) is the first hybrid program on this list, as you must complete courses online and in-person at the University of Colorado Denver Anschutz campus. You must have a bachelor’s degree in nursing science to be considered. This is not strictly a 1-year PhD program online, as it is a dual-degree program. You will first earn your master’s in nursing science through the program and then a doctorate certificate in up to eleven different nurse practitioner programs , such as a family nurse practitioner or a nurse midwife program . When you complete the nurse practitioner program, you’ll be eligible to take the licensing exam to earn your nursing license to work in all 50 states.

6. Online PhD in Education at Capella University

Program Length: 3-6 years

This 1-year PhD program online is another degree program focused on education, as you can choose from two concentrations including Leadership in Higher Education, and Leadership in Educational Administration. You can determine your own program length, but to complete the program you must complete at least 92 credits spread out over a variety of core and required courses, as well as electives and virtual residencies. This 1-year PhD program online is not fully online, as you must complete a few comprehensive exams on campus. You must meet the minimum GPA requirement to be considered (3.0), but you do not need to submit either GRE scores or GMAT scores.

7. Online PhD in Public Health at the University of South Florida

Degree Required: MPH, MHA, MSPH, or other relevant Master’s degree

Program Length: 4-5 years

This 1-year PhD program online is another hybrid course, as part of how to get a PhD you must complete at least three, one-week PhD seminars on campus at the University of South Florida. You can do the rest of the program online and complete the 46 credit requirements in up to five years, although you can complete your program in only three years. You must also take a series of core and required courses in subjects as varied as Introduction to Doctoral Training in Public Health and Transforming Public Health Practice. As part of how to get into grad school, you must have at least five years of experience in the public health field along with submitting a graduate school resume , and at least three grad school letters of recommendation .

8. Online Doctor of Social Work at the University of Southern California

Degree Required: Master’s in Social Work or a related field

Program Length: 3-5 years

This 1-year PhD program online is aimed at professionals who have at least five years of experience in the social work, after they have received their master’s in social work. As the program is geared toward professionals, you can choose from two different tracks to complete the program’s 42 credit requirements. You can choose the standard track, which takes three years to complete, or the accelerated track that takes only two years. You can earn your PhD without dissertation in this program, as, in lieu of a thesis or dissertation, you can complete a capstone project aimed at demonstrating your knowledge and capacity in innovative social work practices or leadership.

9. Online PhD in Criminal Justice at Nova Southeastern University

Degree Required: Master’s degree in related field

You can take several admission pathways to get into this fully online 1-year PhD program online in Criminal Justice. If you don’t have a master’s degree, you can apply with a high GRE score (above 300), or, you can also apply with a JD degree, but not any other law degree types . You must complete 60 credits to earn your PhD, which you can do by taking three courses over each available semester; this format lets you complete the program in two and a half years. You can choose from among three specific concentrations (Organizational Leadership, Behavioral Science, Juvenile Justice) to complete your dissertation, as there is a 12-credit dissertation courses involved in the program’s curriculum.

1-Year PhD Programs Online in Canada

1. online phd in business administration at athabasca university.

Degree Required: MBA or other master’s degree

Program Length: 3-7 years

This 1-year PhD program online at the fully online Athabasca University can be completed in only three years, but you have a seven-year time limit to complete the program’s 21 credit requirements. You must submit a PhD motivation letter , as well as research interest statement and since this program is aimed at working professionals, you must also have at least five years of professional or managerial experience. Although the program is online, you must attend a one-week research seminar on campus three times a year, where you will formulate dissertation topic, but only after you’ve completed the core courses of the program.

2. Online Doctor of Education at the University of Calgary

Degree Required: Master’s degree in a related field

This 1-year PhD program online at the University of Calgary is a hybrid course, as you must complete two summer residencies on-campus; the fall and winter terms are completed online. This program requires you have a minimum 3.5 GPA for all your graduate courses, as well as have at least some professional experiences in the field of education (no specific number of years). The course is made up of four central components, which are course work, candidacy, research, and completion of a dissertation. You can start and then defend your dissertation at the end of the program, after you’ve completed four specialization courses and four required courses.

3. Online PhD in Languages, Cultures and Literacies at Simon Fraser University (French-only)

This 1-year PhD program online is one of the few online PhD programs available at Simon Fraser University and it is only the PhD program taught completely in the French language. You must have a 3.5 GPA to qualify for admission and submit several application materials, including a resume, a statement of intent and at least three letters of reference. The program’s aim and focus are broad, but it is an ideal program for education professionals. The classes are split between online and one-week summer seminars that you must attend at the school’s Burnaby campus.

4. Online PhD in Aging and Health at Queen’s University

Degree Required: Master’s in a related field

This hybrid program at Queen’s University requires you to attend two, on-campus sessions every year, which last between three to four days and supposed to teach you how to find a PhD topic . This 1-year PhD program online also takes about four years to complete its six credit requirements spread out over two core courses and three elective courses. You must have a master’s in a relevant field and have a GPA at or above 3.5 to be considered. As part of your application, you must submit a professional resume, and three letters of reference. You must submit your research proposal in the second year, and know how to prepare for a thesis defense , since you must defend your thesis in your final year.

5. Online PhD in Criminology and Social Justice at Ontario Tech University

Degree Required: Master’s of Arts or a related field

Ontario Tech University offers several 1-year PhD programs online in both hybrid and fully-online formats, but this online PhD in Criminology and Social Justice is a hybrid course and you must attend several seminars on-campus in Oshawa. You must have completed a master’s degree in any relevant subject and have maintained a 3.7 GPA to be considered. You can complete the course’s 55-credit requirements in only three years if you decide to study full-time, and you’ll have to take comprehensive examinations at the end of your first year to advance to the final year, where you will present and defend a thesis.

Pros of 1-Year PhD Programs Online

1. flexibility for working professionals and mature students.

Doing any PhD program requires a serious investment of time and money but pursuing a 1-year PhD program online offers you a flexible schedule, so you can more easily balance work, family and other responsibilities with your studies. Many of these 1-year PhD programs online were designed specifically for this demographic, and offer both full-time or part-time schedules, while they also let you submit references from employers rather than academic sources. Some of the online MBA programs on this list require that you have work experience, so they are conscious of the fact that you will have other responsibilities to attend to.

2. Advanced-Technology Learning Environments

One interesting aspect of 1-year PhD programs online is that you can use and train on advanced technologies that you wouldn’t normally use in an in-person setting. Of course, you do have access to these types of programs and software as an in-person student, but the nature of online, distance courses mean you rely more heavily on interactive simulations, virtual laboratories, and dynamic multimedia content. You can even benefit from the online platforms and document management software that many universities use, to help you submit your assignments and upload your essays, by enhancing and refining your technical skills.

3. Cost Savings and Accessibility

A large part of what makes any undergraduate, graduate and professional programs expensive is the associated cost-of-living expenses that can balloon over time. Fortunately, 1-year PhD programs online eliminate those costs through their distance and virtual formats so you do not have to spend money on living accommodations, transportation, food and other costs.

For the online PhD Psychology program at Walden University, you only have to pay your tuition costs, which at $665-per credit for a 60-credit program comes out to around $39,900 per year. If we compare this figure to a similar PhD program at, let’s say Harvard University - $51,904 per year, over five or six years: $259,520 to $311,424 - which is an extreme example, we can see that there are significant savings in pursuing a 1-year PhD program online rather than in-person.

Additionally, some universities offer reduced tuition rates for online students, and you can still apply for different types of scholarships and financial aid if you apply to an online program. This accessibility makes getting a PhD easier for people from low-income backgrounds and marginalized groups who might otherwise face financial and geographical constraints.

Cons of 1-Year PhD Programs Online

1. limited networking opportunities.

One drawback of online PhD programs is the fact that you don’t have a lot of face-to-face interactions with your fellow students, faculty or other professionals. Traditional, in-person graduate programs often offer more networking opportunities through seminars, conferences, and on-campus events. While many of these 1-year PhD programs online offer virtual platforms to make it easier to connect with other students, they do not always replicate the depth or warmth of in-person relationships. Being in a virtual format also removes the ability of speaking directly with professors and faculty who can help guide your academic or career goals, which are usually highlights of attending in-person classes.

2. You Must Develop Self-Discipline and Time Management

These kinds of skills are necessary for in-person programs as well, but as you have more freedom in a 1-year PhD program online, you must be more vigilant and disciplined as it will be easier for you to procrastinate and put off either listening to a virtual lecture or doing your homework. As you’ll be responsible for organizing your time, you must also have a high degree of time management skills. Without the structure of regular on-campus classes, you must be self-motivated and proactive in managing your coursework and deadlines. You also have to set a study schedule and stick to it, even though it may be hard to do so if you are working full-time or have a family.

1. Have a High GPA and Excel Academically

Many of these 1-year PhD programs online do not ask for any standardized test scores, so the only way they can properly assess your fitness for an advanced, doctorate-degree program is by reviewing your transcripts. Not only is having a high GPA a requirement to get into the program, it can also help you get scholarships for these programs. If you’ve decided to get an advanced degree you might already be an excellent student, so you may not have to find out how to get into a grad school with a low GPA . B ut if you're coming from a professional background and haven’t been in school for a long time, many of these programs will consider your professional experience (if in a related field) as a sign of your academic prowess and potential, which you can convey in your resume, CV for grad school and your letters of recommendation. 

2. Write Excellent Statements and Proposals

Getting into a graduate program relies not only on your academic performance but displaying your knowledge, writing skills, and creativity through your research proposals, letters of intent, statement of purpose or personal statement. Different programs will ask for different letters, but they all ask for a combination of these documents, which you must take your time in crafting and writing. A research proposal should follow the strict format guidelines of most conventional research proposals in that you must set forth an objective, a research method, and thesis, among other elements. But your personal statement or statement of purpose can be more about your motivations to pursue your field of study, and why you want to do it at the school you’re applying to. Of course, some 1-year PhD programs online have content requirements that you must write about in your statements so you should always follow what they set out as what you should write.

3. Get Great Letters of Recommendation

Your letters of recommendation play a pivotal role in opening doors to these programs, as there are very few ways for how to get into grad school without letters of recommendation. You require specific skills to successfully complete a 1-year PhD program online and there is no better way for schools to know you have these skills outside of recommendation letters, as they do not require standardized test scores. If you’re applying for a doctorate in business administration, a sterling letter of recommendation from any employer can emphasize your professional aptitudes, initiative, and problem-solving skills. If you’re going into a research-heavy program, such as a humanities or social sciences program, an exceptional letter from a professor should focus on your research acumen and your creative contributions to your class or degree program. You should tailor your letters to your specific field and program, but at the same time, remember to get letters only from the sources your program stipulates.

1-year PhD programs online do not exist, but there are several online PhD programs that take longer than one year; an online PhD program takes a minimum of three years to complete, but more, depending on the program and subject. 

The benefits of a 1-year PhD program online are their affordability, the flexible schedule, the quality of the program, and the skills you’ll learn taking classes virtually. 

The disadvantages include not having direct access to your fellow students and professors, not being able to access the social, academic, professional and recreational facilities of a university. You also have to act more responsibly and manage your time better than you would as an in-person student. 

The main differences between a 1-year PhD program online and traditional PhD programs are the costs associated with a 1-year PhD program, which are much less than in-person programs that come with attendant costs. 

Fortunately, you have the same opportunities as a 1-year PhD program online student as in-person students. You can apply for the same positions including as a professor or faculty member, a managerial or executive position, or go on to do more research at another academic institution. 

Whether employers will look or “accept” your 1-year PhD depends on the position you’re applying for and what their requirements are. Many of these schools are reputable, accredited institutions so there is no reason why their degrees will not be accepted in the job market. 

Yes, many of these 1-year PhD program online have flexible schedules as well as asynchronous elements so you can review materials, watch lectures, study and write your essays on your own time. 

Taking a 1-year PhD program online depends on what your goals are. If you want to advance in your current position or take up teaching or even get a better salary, a PhD program online can help you do that, but you must be clear in your intentions and whether a 1-year PhD program online can help you. 

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Anthropocene

This program includes an introduction to the Anthropocene, a field course, a seminar series, and a range of courses covering human and physical aspects of the modern world. All courses are taught by experts in their field, with expertise ranging from climate change through urbanization and migration to indigenous ways of living and human interactions with the environment.

Bilingualism Studies

The program focuses on several critical issues in the field of Applied Linguistics, including methodological and technological innovations in adult second language instruction, assessment of adult second language competence, as well as language policy and planning.

Communication

The Master of Communication focuses on two fields of research: media studies and organizational communication. The media studies field examines the content and the modes of operation of traditional and emerging media in their social, cultural, economic, political and regulatory contexts. Organizational communication focuses on interpersonal and group interactions in the workplace; planning for internal and external communication in private, public, and non-profit organizations; risk/crisis communication, public relations and more.

Conference Interpreting

The master of Conference Interpreting is a professionally oriented graduate program intended for graduates who wish to specialize in conference interpreting, which is a branch of the translation profession requiring intensive training.

Contemporary Art Theory

The program is bilingual and is intended to develop research capability in various fields of contemporary art history and focus on graduating academics specializing in the areas of contemporary art, contemporary visual culture (cinema, television, internet) and visual theory. 

Criminology

Criminology is devoted to the scientific analysis of crime, justice and social control. It focuses on four broad questions: the social construction of norms and the notion of crime; the criminalization of specific behaviours, individuals and groups in our society; the analysis of the goals and functioning of the criminal justice system, and the examination of contemporary forms of intervention. The M.A. in Criminology can be done with a specialization in Feminist and Gender Studies.

This program is adapted to contemporary trends and the needs of the labour market. Besides acquiring a thorough knowledge of the traditional approach to economics, you also have the opportunity, within the framework of certain courses, to familiarize themselves with lesser-known alternative approaches.

The MA in English offers the opportunity to follow your passion while developing advanced professional skills in research, analysis, writing, and oral communication for a variety of audiences. This program includes training in transferable professional skills such as grant writing, presenting at conferences and teaching.

Feminist and Gender Studies

This program will allow you to gain expertise in new dynamic interdisciplinary fields like transnational feminism, queer and antiracist theories, masculinities, and (dis)ability and trans studies.

Globalization and International Development

This interdisciplinary program exposes you to a broad range of development theory, policy and practice, while also permitting specialization in one of four fields: Conflict, Transitions and Peace; Growth, Private Sector and Social Inclusion; Livelihoods, Resources and Sustainability; and Social Movements, Equity and Human Rights.

Lettres Françaises

This program offers you a complete education in many areas of expertise: literary history and criticism, language, culture and written communication. With group discussions, you can discover new visions of the world and hone your critical thinking skills.

This MA offers two profiles. The Music and cognition profile will allow you to use psychological methods and theory to interpret and understand musical behaviours, sounds and ideas. The Musicians’ wellness profile encourages you to engage with key facets of peak performance, musicians’ health and wellbeing, musical development.

The MA in Philosophy offers you the opportunity to pursue the discipline in an intense and sustained way, acquiring knowledge and a set of skills that are valuable for future work either within or outside the university.

Political Science

The program of studies rests on the following areas of specialization: Political Thought and Analysis of Ideologies Canadian and Quebec Politics International Politics Comparative Politics.

Public Administration

This master’s program will provide you with leading-edge theoretical and conceptual knowledge to enable you to understand and analyze public administration, as well as equip you with the know-how and skills necessary for success in a constantly changing organizational environment.

Public Administration, Specialization in Science, Society and Policy

This program lets you study how evidence is used in decision-making, how current policies shape the scientific enterprise and how emerging technologies interact with society.

Security and Defence Studies

This practice-oriented, interdisciplinary program available in both English and French offers a comprehensive approach to security and defence. 

The master’s program in sociology is as well known in academia as in the labour market. At the crossroads of Canadian, French, American and global traditions, and available in both official languages, it offers a wide range of academic specialization and employment possibilities.

Our diverse seminars will offer you training on Spain and Latin America, including literature, cultural studies, cinema, teaching and Hispanic linguistics.

This program will allow you to explore a variety of practical fields and theoretical approaches such as practice and theory of dramaturgy, translation for theatre and theatre for young audiences. You will also have the opportunity to study many performative and dramatic canons.

World Literature and Cultures

You will discover how identities are shaped by cultural expressions in a national and transnational context and explore the nature of representation and cultural diversity. You will expand your intercultural knowledge in the dynamic setting of the nation’s capital.

Environmental Sustainability

This program is aimed at providing you with the skills and capacities needed to develop effective regulatory and policy solutions to today’s complex, multi-dimensional environmental problems. You will gain foundational knowledge relevant to environmental sustainability from science, law, economics and policy.

Mathematics and Statistics, Concentration in Mathematics

The University of Ottawa offers a rich academic environment to study mathematics and statistics under the supervision of professors who have gained an international reputation for their research. Most major fields of research in mathematics and statistics are represented within the Department of Mathematics and Statistics.

Mathematics and Statistics, Concentration in Statistics

The objective of this program is to supplement the BSc fundamental training with skills enabling a smoother integration into the workforce notably in the high tech industry or the research world. The program exposes you to advanced topics and skills. Professors include world-leading researchers in photonics, biophysics, and advanced and quantum materials. This program provides further training for a stimulating career in academic research or industry.

Master of Human Kinetics with Concentration Mental Performance Consulting

The MHK program in Mental Performance Consulting is the only applied (course/internship-based) sport psychology program in Canada preparing students to obtain certification through the joint AASP/CSPA certification program accredited by the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA). The title Certified Mental Performance Consultant® or CMPC® is a trademarked gold standard credential within the sport psychology profession.

Human Kinetics, Sport Management

The Sport Management program will give you an in-depth understanding of national and international sports systems and a solid foundation in marketing and event planning. It’s a leader in amateur sports and the Olympic world. Professors have developed ties with organizations such as the Canadian Olympic and Paralympic committees, Hockey Canada, Diving Canada and more to create a rich pool of internship opportunities.

Medicine, Anatomical Sciences Education

This program is a research paper-based graduate program designed to develop expertise in the anatomical sciences, pedagogy, and education scholarship, with an emphasis on the application of this knowledge. You will have the opportunity to apply your expertise as an anatomy teacher in the Faculty and will disseminate your own scholarly project.

Medicine, Biochemistry

You will be actively involved in laboratory research, course work, and presentation of research seminars. Thus, you will acquire autonomy in conducting research and in preparing publications. The program creates a stimulating and challenging environment which will allow you to achieve excellence in research.

Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine

During training, you will develop a critical approach to published work and to your own work. You must demonstrate research skills and credibility as professionals in your area of research. Graduates acquire an excellent knowledge of their chosen field and a general understanding of the areas related to their own particular research project. 

Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology

The program refines critical and scholarly skills in fields and areas of specialization and prepares you for a variety of careers in teaching and research both within and outside of academia, including in a governmental, clinical, or industrial setting. Graduates are expected to have acquired autonomy in conducting research, in preparing scholarly publications, through a training that includes course work, research seminars, and independent research leading to a research project.

Medicine, Neuroscience

The program helps you develop your theoretical knowledge as well as your capacity for critical analysis. This is achieved through reading and critiquing the scientific literature, conducting experiments in the laboratory, analyzing the data and results generated, and presenting your results in the form of research seminars or posters. Graduates of the program will acquire autonomy in conducting research and in preparing scholarly publications and grant applications. A comprehensive set of courses, state-of-the-art research facilities and outstanding research opportunities ensure a career in neuroscience.

Éducation en milieux linguistiques minoritaires et inclusion

Please note that the Éducation en milieux linguistiques minoritaires et inclusion concentration is only offered in French .

Ce programme vous est destiné si vous vous intéressez aux questions de diversité et d’équité en milieu francophone minoritaire. Les nombreux cours offerts dans cette concentration traitent des enjeux sociaux, culturels, historiques et linguistiques de l’éducation, notamment du pouvoir, de la diversité, du genre et de la marginalisation.

Health Professionals Education

This concentration is jointly offered by the faculties of Medicine and Health Sciences, and provides the tools you need to truly become an education leader in the health professions. This program allows you to collaborate with health professionals to improve their teaching and assessment strategies, evaluate their educational programs, develop programs and conduct educational research in a wide range of health settings.

Leadership, Evaluation, Curriculum and Policy Studies

This concentration offers a unique opportunity to further your scholarly and professional development as an administrator, educational leader, educator and researcher, with attention given to the importance of social and linguistic context.

Second Language Education

This program focusing on Second Language Education will allow you to expand your knowledge of theory, concepts and practices related to language teaching and learning. In addition, the program explores relevant political, cultural, social and technological issues in the field of language education at provincial, national and international levels. Geared toward both established and novice teachers, this program will enable you to contextualize and consolidate your understandings related to language pedagogy and second language education.

Societies, Cultures and Languages

Societies, cultures and languages all shape education and are shaped by education. In this concentration, you will engage with the social, historical, cultural and linguistic dimensions of education. You will consider issues of power, diversity, gender and marginalization in education.

Studies in Teaching and Learning

This concentration offers you the opportunity to explore these questions by engaging with current research and scholarship as it applies to teaching and learning processes from early childhood to adulthood. You can study learning and teaching processes across the curriculum in a range of contexts, such as classrooms, informal settings, professional organizations and the workplace.

Business Administration (MBA)

The Telfer MBA is designed to give you the skills, knowledge and learning experiences you need to prepare for a meaningful, rewarding career. It also offers you the flexibility to pursue specific subjects and courses that matter most to you in the attainment of your professional goals.

MSc Management, Concentration in Business Analytics

This program allows you to acquire solid knowledge of modern analytics methodologies, from statistical analysis and machine learning (artificial intelligence) to simulation and optimization. You’ll also gain a holistic understanding of management theory and practice.

MSc Management, Concentration in Marketing and Behavioural Science

Apply research to understand how behaviour affects people’s green consumption, health, happiness and wealth.

LL.M. Course-based option (without concentration)

The graduate studies in law are a joint endeavour of the Common Law and Civil Law Sections. Courses are offered in English or in French, and occasionally in both languages. Students may readily complete their graduate studies while learning something of Canada's other legal and linguistic traditions. The Master in Laws with course-based option (without concentration) enables you to learn how to communicate complex legal ideas, explore the law’s capacity to resolve multidimensional problems and learn to interact with experts in various fields.

LL.M. with concentration in International Trade and Foreign Investment Law

The LL.M. with concentration in International Trade and Foreign Investment Law provides students with the public international law foundations underpinning international economic governance and enables them to study and work on these critical issues, with the comparative advantage of being situated in Canada’s capital. Students benefit from the close proximity of the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, the Canadian International Trade Tribunal, private law firms with trade and investment practises and NGOs interested in global issues, and the relationships that many of our faculty members have with such organizations.

LL.M. Laws, concentration in Legislative Studies

The Master’s in Legislative Studies offers law graduates an opportunity to specialize in the art of preparing normative instruments (such as statutes, regulations, guidelines, international agreements, codes of conduct and governmental contracts) and in the development of public policy.

LL.M. with concentration in Notarial Law

The graduate studies in law are a joint endeavour of the Common Law and Civil Law Sections. Students may readily complete their graduate studies while learning something of Canada's other legal and linguistic traditions. The Master of Laws with concentration in Notarial Law will allow you to gain the legal knowledge and skills needed to practice as a notary public in legal fields such as real estate law, inheritance law, business law, and family law. This specific program is offered in French only. Assignments can be submitted in French or in English.

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Study PhD in Canada

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All you need to know to start your PhD degree in Canada!

If you want to know why you should opt for studying PhD in Canada, check out our top insights on programs, universities, fees, requirements, admissions and more.

PhD degree is often required when you apply for high-level management jobs, government expert positions, and careers like a university professor, researcher, or scientist in many fields.

Why choose Canada?

In fact, more than a third of Canada’s overall research is conducted at its prestigious universities , which makes the country attractive in terms of facilities availability and work prospects for graduates. Apart from the fact that Canadian Institutions are known for providing consistently high-quality education , Canada offers :

Internationally recognised degrees.

Globally competitive state-of-the-art facilities.

High graduate employability rates.

Post-study work options as you can stay and work for up to 3 years.

Culturally diverse experience for international students.

Low cost of living & tuition fees compared to English-speaking countries.

High quality of life & high living standards.

One of the world’s most peaceful countries.

Top PhD programs in Canada

PhD degrees in Canada are offered in a wide range of studies , including natural sciences, arts, and technical fields:

Engineering

Biological sciences

Mathematics

Political sciences

Anthropology

How many years does it take to study PhD in Canada?

Programs in the universities of Canada are mostly research thesis-based, and last for 4 to 6 years. Generally, Canadian doctorate programs have more in common with the UK than the neighbouring USA. Unlike the American programs which begin with 1 or 2 years of taught classes and examinations before defining a thesis topic, the Canadian PhD program is often more research focused.

How much does it cost to do PhD in Canada?

There are many scholarships dedicated for PhD programs at the universities of Canada. But generally speaking, the cost of PhDs in Canada varies between CAD 8,000 to 20,000 annually depending on the program, specialisation and the university.

Check out more on the cost of study and living in Canada

How to choose the right university in Canada?

There are several higher education institutions, colleges, and universities in Canada that award internationally accredited PhD degrees. To choose the perfect place for your study, you need to consider some important factors, such as:

Program availability

University ranking

Faculty and staff reputation

Research facilities

Scholarships and funding options offered by the university

Graduate employability rate

Tuition fees

PhD requirements in Canada

PhD admission requirements in Canada vary based on the university and the field of study. But in general, most universities in the country require the below from international students applying for PhD degree there:

Completed application form

Accredited master’s degree in a related field with strong grades and proven research ability and potential

Transcripts for your university degree or courses

Statement of Purpose

GMAT or GRE scores

Recommendation letters

English language test, such as IELTS or TOEFL

Application fee

Can I work while doing PhD in Canada?

You can work in Canada as an international PhD student for as long as you’ve a valid study permit for your PhD degree. Furthermore, doctorate graduates in Canada can enjoy one of the world’s most generous post-study work visa schemes upon graduating. The Post-Graduation Work Permit ( PGWP ) allows you to live and work in Canada after graduation for up to 3 years.

Read more about Canada student visa Kick start your education journey to Canada! Speak with your IDP Education counsellor now to turn your study ambition into action!

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Doctor of Philosophy in Education (PhD)

Join our inclusive research community of education experts. Our PhD program works on a mentorship model where new scholars work closely with established experts and collaborative research groups. Coursework is completed under the supervision of leading experts across the education spectrum. Our PhD graduates contribute innovative work transforming theory, policy and practice. We offer competitive funding packages and opportunities for our PhD students to be teaching or research fellows, as well as research or teaching assistants.

Research Expertise

Our faculty brings together diverse perspectives on education and foster multidisciplinary expertise in the following areas:

• Arts Education
• Assessment and Evaluation
• Curriculum Studies
• Early Childhood Education
• Exceptionalities
• History and Philosophy of Education
• Indigenous Education and Land-Based Learning 
• International Education
• Language and Literacy
• Leadership and Policy Studies
• Math, Science and Technology in Education
• Outdoor Education
• Social Justice and Inclusion
• Our program structure:  Our full-time, four-year, on-campus program has three terms per year. You will take courses for the first year, then complete two comprehensive examinations before beginning your dissertation.
• Funding: All of our PhD students are provided with a minimum funding package of $20,000 per year, with average funding of $25,000 per year including teaching opportunities and research assistantships.
• Quality supervision and support: Before you apply, you will contact a supervisor who supports your studies and research throughout the program.
• Small classes: Our courses are seminar style, small, and consist of 36 instructional hours. To view our courses, visit the School of Graduate Studies and Postdoctoral Affairs calendar .
• Gain teaching and research experience: Many of our graduate students have the opportunity to teach within our Bachelor of Education programs and gain experience and funding in the process.
• Join an active research community: As part of your PhD, you will be immersed in an active research community with opportunities to work in research groups and attend academic conferences. 

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Applications to all graduate programs are made through the  School of Graduate Studies and Postdoctoral Affairs website  starting in September for admission the following year. 

In addition to the online application and application fee, PhD applicants are required to submit the following documentation via email to  [email protected] :

• Fill out the PhD in Education Research Proposal form.
• an electronic PDF copy of resumé/curriculum vitae 

If you have questions, please contact the  Graduate Studies & Research Office .

Admission Requirements

• Successful completion of a Master's degree in Education or equivalent advanced-level credential with first-class standing (A- or 80% or higher) at a recognized university
• Professional experience in education or a related field is an asset
• Applicants are required to submit a brief research proposal (one to two pages maximum)
• Applicants must identify and contact a potential supervisor who has expressed a willingness to supervise their work if they apply for admission and receive an offer of admission. 

Application Deadline and Start Dates

Completed applications (including submission of transcripts, references, CV and research proposal form) are due by January 15 . Late applications are not considered.  Our program begins in September of each year.

Prospective PhD Students: Need Help Finding a Supervisor?

Use the checklist below to assist you in your search for a supervisor in our graduate studies program.

• Get to know our Research Faculty – Review our researcher profiles. Understanding who might be a good fit for you is a key first step in the process!
• Once you have identified potential fits from our researcher profiles page, examine some of their recent research to identify their areas of interest and expertise. This will help you to determine how they might support your own program of growth. Read through prospective supervisors’ research and professional publications before deciding if they would be a good fit for your research. You may be expected to explain to your potential supervisor how they are best suited to supervise your project with specific reference to the research faculty’s scholarly work.
• Express your interest in our program and in having them supervise you for a specific program start date.
• Briefly summarize your aims and research purpose.
• Identify links between their research and your own, particularly using some of the published work.
• An invitation to connect for a conversation.
• A 1–2-page proposal that provides more detail than your description in your email. Your proposal should articulate your research questions, your reasons for pursuing these questions, the purpose and aims of your prospective project, your research methodology, and the significance/impact of this research.
• An up-to-date curriculum vitae (CV) to provide the potential supervisor with some of your background information, including past studies and professional experience.
• Review your email to ensure you have said everything you need, and attached everything you want, and send it out! Ensure you have adequate time to order transcripts, complete your IELTS examination (for international applicants), request 2 academic references, etc.
• Be patient – Given that the potential supervisor is reviewing your work, understand that it may take at least ten business days to hear back.

Financing your studies

Funding packages.

Funding packages are awarded to students based on academic merit and they may consist of any or a combination of the following: scholarships, fellowships, external awards the student may bring with them, internal awards, research assistantships, teaching assistantships or graduate teaching fellowships.

The minimum guaranteed funding package for eligible full-time PhD students is $20,000 per year  (first 12 terms), with most students receiving additional funded opportunities.

It is important to note that you must apply for all major external and internal scholarships (where appropriate) for which you are eligible in order to qualify for the minimum guarantee. Any external awards received will be applied to funding offers (i.e., the external award is not on top of the original $20,000 minimum guarantee); however, funding offers overall for students with external awards are likely to be higher than those who do not receive them.

Normally, if students apply for and successfully obtain a Graduate Teaching Fellowship, Teaching and/or Research Assistantship the average funding for eligible PhD students is approximately $25,000 per year.

Exact funding package details are communicated to students normally in early summer.

For more information on sources of funding, please see the Funding page.  

Tuition, Fees and Costs

Information on tuition, fees and costs as well as the financial support offered to graduate students from the University and external agencies is provided by the School of Graduate Studies and Postdoctoral Affairs:

• Tuition, Fees and Cost of Living
• Funding for Queen's Graduate Students  

There are a number of internal awards available to our PhD students including travel fellowships and awards. 

Teaching Assistant or Graduate Teaching Fellow

Graduate students who want to be considered for a teaching assistant or graduate teaching fellow position as part of their funding package are required to apply for one or more of the postings listed under  Work at Queen's .

Graduate Studies and Research Office  

Canada's 1st university degree in traditional Chinese medicine is coming, but some are wary

From acupuncture to yoga to massage, many canadians have tried traditional approaches, says researcher.

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Caldwell Lever first tried traditional Chinese medicine years ago "out of desperation," while struggling with a chronic illness.

"My back was to the wall," he said. "Within 24 hours, I was a different person."

He was won over by an approach he described as more holistic than what he'd experienced before: practitioners "interested in how I'm feeling: not only my blood work, but what my dreams are like," Lever explained. 

Lever is now midway through studies for a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diploma at Kwantlen Polytechnic University, which this summer announced it will launch Canada's first bachelor's degree in the field. 

"I was really blessed to find amazing doctors and then amazing teachers [who helped] me bridge that moment from being a patient to wanting to help people, become a practitioner."  

Greenlit by the B.C. government  to fill what it calls rising demand in the labour market, the new program marks a major step in Canadian recognition of TCM, proponents say, and comes amid a growing international spotlight on traditional medicine. However, skeptics of TCM and other alternative approaches remain wary of movement in this direction.  

Hope for greater integration

Traditional Chinese medicine is a system based on the concept of balancing an energy force — called qi — flowing through the human body through a range of practices, including acupuncture, herbal remedies, massage and diet.

It is regulated in British Columbia, Alberta, Quebec, Ontario and Newfoundland and Labrador, with more than 7,000 licensed practitioners, herbalists and acupuncturists working in these provinces today, according to the Canadian industry's regulatory body .

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John Yang has worked for nearly a decade toward Kwantlen Polytechnic's bachelor's degree, which will welcome its inaugural cohort starting September 2025. As chair of KPU's TCM program, he hopes the new offering will boost its acceptance and encourage more integration with the Canadian health-care system.

"The degree program can let the public [feel] more confident that we can train highly qualified TCM practitioners. Then there will be more mainstream public acceptance," he said from the Richmond, B.C., campus. 

"Currently we are not there yet, but I hope in the future there's an integrated model."

The degree will add topic areas like herbology and more advanced TCM approaches to the current  diploma's acupuncture-focused study, as well as courses in health sciences, arts and humanities, ethics and working with conventional health practitioners, says Sharmen Lee, dean of the B.C. school's faculty of health.

"You're getting a much broader, deeper education that allows you to develop additional competencies, such as being able to critically think, to evaluate and participate in research, and all of those other things that a university-based education can provide."

Lee believes future graduates will be able to work alongside with biomedical professionals, with some becoming researchers as well — able to pursue post-grad studies abroad.

"They start to understand the fundamentals of conducting research, of reviewing published studies and then ... to critically analyze what that means so that they can apply that to their practice," Lee said. "It's going to help to elevate the practice of traditional Chinese medicine ... in our province."

Researchers explore what's safe, appropriate

With the World Health Organization (WHO) encouraging governments toward  integrating traditional and complementary medicine into their health-care systems , there's a need for researchers to develop strong evidence to guide policy-makers, says Nadine Ijaz, an assistant professor at Carleton University in Ottawa and president of the International Society for Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine Research.

"Most Canadians at some point in their lifetime are using some form of what we call traditional and complementary medicine: that might be acupuncture, chiropractic, massage therapy, vitamins, yoga ... people who are participating in Indigenous healing ceremonies within their own communities," she said. 

"How are governments to make good determinations about what to include? What is rigorous? What is safe? What is effective and what is cost effective, in addition to what is culturally appropriate?"

Traditional medicine can help 'illuminate ... from a different angle,' says researcher

Ijaz is working with colleagues around the globe to determine research methods that are rigorous and appropriate for studying traditional and complementary medicine and policies for integration. Their report to the WHO will then inform recommendations for governments. 

"I'm a scientist. I'm a researcher and so I'm fundamentally a person who is skeptical," she said. 

"If we find that research shows us that something is known to be safe, there's a long history of use, it's improving people's well-being, improving people's health ... I think it would be inappropriate to not keep our eyes open and our minds open in considering bringing those things into health systems."

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More research and scientific inquiry is a good thing, but it depends on the type of research, says Jonathan Jarry, a science communicator for the McGill Office of Science and Society and co-host of the health and medicine podcast Body of Evidence .

Jarry said many studies on alternative medicine are low quality: too few participants, too short in duration, lacking follow-up or a proper control group. It's an issue that plagues research on conventional therapies too, he acknowledged. 

"I'm all for doing research on things that are plausible enough that they could realistically have a benefit, but then you have to also do very good, rigorous studies. Otherwise you're just creating noise in the research literature."

Ijaz and a group of colleagues around the globe are working toward determining strong research parameters without forcing alternative approaches "into a box where they don't fit." 

For instance, a randomized controlled trial is the gold standard of research in biomedicine and excellent for studying pharmaceutical drugs and their effects, because participants in the control group get a placebo, perhaps a sugar pill, that means they can't tell if they're being treated with medication or not.  But it doesn't work for studying acupuncture treatment, chiropractic or even psychotherapy, Ijaz pointed out. 

"If you're getting an acupuncture treatment, you usually know that you're getting a treatment.... It's a little bit challenging to develop a placebo control for for those approaches," said Ijaz. 

"When we apply that particular gold standard to researching all therapeutic approaches ... it sort of privileges the issue in favour of pharmaceutical drugs immediately."

What can our health-care system learn from alternative practitioners?

Need for uniform scientific standards.

Jarry is concerned if people opt for traditional or alternative approaches — based on ancient, pre-scientific understanding of how the body works — without consulting conventional medicine on their condition, or in an emergency.

"I've received a number of massages in my life and I know that they're not doing anything long term, but they really do feel good and they help me relax — and that is not nothing," he said from Montreal.

"The problem is that too often many of these practices, including acupuncture, are sold as being complementary to medicine, but sometimes they are used as an alternative to medicine and that is very problematic."

It's important to keep an open mind, respect cultural perspectives and both learn from and study a range of medical practices, says Timothy Caulfield, a professor at the University of Alberta and research director of the Edmonton school's Health Law Institute.

"But in the age of misinformation, we should also adhere to uniform scientific standards. There isn't East and West science: there is science. I worry that these kinds of programs legitimize pseudoscience," he said.

For Kelly Ling, a Kwantlen TCM student eager to apply for its upcoming bachelor's, the notion of bridging traditional Chinese medicine and biomedical science is precisely what appeals.

As a Pilates instructor in Hong Kong before moving to Canada, Ling felt unable to help some clients improve "from the inside out." She was drawn to TCM after seeing many top athletes and people suffering chronic pain choose it. 

"I want to integrate both my [skillsets], to integrate together Western and Eastern sides," she said.

With files from Nazima Walji

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