heat transfer homework

A Heat Transfer Textbook, 6th edition

Solutions manual

Solutions to more than 520 problems are on the following links.

Solutions for Chapter 1 (v1.01, 16 MB, February 2023)

Solutions for Chapter 2 (v1.0, 13 MB, August 2020)

Solutions for Chapter 3 (v1.0, 15 MB, August 2020)

Solutions for Chapters 4-10 (v1.07, 19 MB, 3 April 2024) Solutions for all problems in Chapters 4, 5, 6, 10, and most in Chapters 7, 8, 9.

Solutions for Chapter 11 (v1.07, 4 MB, 3 April 2024)

If additional solutions become available, they will be posted here.

The solutions that are handwritten were prepared decades ago, and some use property data that don’t precisely match today’s Appendix A. In most instances, the differences are small.

Between them, the authors have spent more than 100 years using various textbook solutions manuals. In our experience, none are without errors. If you happen to find one in our solutions manual, do let us know.

FREE K-12 standards-aligned STEM

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Find more at TeachEngineering.org .

• TeachEngineering
• Heat Transfer: No Magic About It

Lesson Heat Transfer: No Magic About It

Grade Level: 10 (9-11)

Time Required: 30 minutes

Lesson Dependency: None

Subject Areas: Physical Science, Physics

NGSS Performance Expectations:

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Activities Associated with this Lesson Units serve as guides to a particular content or subject area. Nested under units are lessons (in purple) and hands-on activities (in blue). Note that not all lessons and activities will exist under a unit, and instead may exist as "standalone" curriculum.

• What Works Best in a Radiator?

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Engineering connection, learning objectives, worksheets and attachments, more curriculum like this, pre-req knowledge, introduction/motivation, associated activities, lesson closure, vocabulary/definitions, user comments & tips.

Heat is a concept that is important to understand in various engineering fields. It is particularly relevant for civil, mechanical and chemical engineers because heat transfer plays a key role in material selection, machinery efficiency and reaction kinetics, respectively. In this lesson, students learn how heat transfer applies to engineering and are asked to consider examples of engineering designs that have capitalized on the scientific principles of heat transfer.

After this lesson, students should be able to:

• Define and explain heat, conduction, convection and radiation.
• Explain the relationship between the kinetic and potential energy of atoms in a thermodynamic system.
• Relate the above concepts to common engineering designs and examples from nature.

Educational Standards Each TeachEngineering lesson or activity is correlated to one or more K-12 science, technology, engineering or math (STEM) educational standards. All 100,000+ K-12 STEM standards covered in TeachEngineering are collected, maintained and packaged by the Achievement Standards Network (ASN) , a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). In the ASN, standards are hierarchically structured: first by source; e.g. , by state; within source by type; e.g. , science or mathematics; within type by subtype, then by grade, etc .

Ngss: next generation science standards - science.

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State Standards

Texas - science.

Students should be familiar with the concept of energy and the law of conservation of energy. They should also have a basic knowledge of high school chemistry.

(In advance, make copies of the Heat Transfer Guided Notes Worksheet , one per student, and have handy a few ice cubes for a quick demo. Hand out the worksheets now, to help students stay engaged and follow the content as it is presented. The guided notes focus on definitions and heat transfer examples.)

Today we are going to talk about a concept that will sound familiar to you: heat. Although I am sure that you have heard the word heat before, today we are going to discuss the science and physics behind what heat really is. Can anyone describe a situation in which you remember feeling the most cold or most hot that you have ever felt? (Listen to a few students. Avoid storytelling and sidetracking conversations.) Have any of you burned yourself while cooking, or maybe experienced frostbite while in the snow? (Listen to a few student examples.)

When we talk about being hot or cold, we are discussing temperature. Temperature is the measure of the average thermal energy in a system. (Write the definition on the classroom board.) If an object, such as a baking pan, has a lot of energy, then it feels hot, but if it has less energy, then it feels less hot. To help explain this, can anyone tell me what basic elements (building blocks) compose a typical baking pan? (Possible answers: Metal, molecules, atoms.) If you recall from your chemistry class, a baking pan is made of billions and billions of atoms that all vibrate and move in place. As we learned in our unit about energy, anything that is moving has kinetic energy, which is why we define temperature as the measure of the energy in a system. So when the atoms in a system move faster, the system has more energy and a high temperature, and when the atoms are moving slower, the system has less energy and a lower temperature. We know that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but is continuously transferred between different forms of potential and kinetic energy. In today's lesson, we will learn about heat and three ways it can be transferred.

In science, we define heat as the transfer of thermal energy from one system to another. (Add this definition to the board.) I need une volunteer. (Call on a student to come up to the front of the classroom. Give the student an ice cube.) How does the ice feel on your hand? (Answer: Cold) How do you think heat is being transferred between your hand and the ice? (Expected answer: The ice is making my hand cold.) Good, thank you. (Have the student sit down.) This demonstrates an important concept about heat: Heat always goes from high energy to low energy. Because (students name)'s hand had more energy than the ice, energy transferred from their hand to the ice. So the ice makes your hand feel cold, but it is because your hand transfers energy into the ice causing the ice to increase in temperature and your hand to decrease in temperature. So really, your hand is making the ice warmer! Engineers use this detail-level understanding of heat transfer to perform many tasks. For example, let's consider a car's engine.

In order for a car to move, its engine combusts gasoline or diesel and converts the chemical potential energy stored in the fuel into kinetic energy. In that reaction, a tremendous amount of heat is produced and transferred to the engine. If the engine gets too hot, parts begin to break. In order to keep the engine at a more tolerable temperature, engineers designed a system we call the radiator. Fluid in the radiator runs through the engine where heat is transferred into the fluid, which then travels back to the radiator where it is cooled before cycling back to the engine. Students can conduct their own experiment with the associated activity What Works Best in a Radiator? by measuring the differences in transfers of heat energy between different liquids.

This radiator example demonstrates one type of heat transfer. For the remaining part our talk today, we will define and discuss all of the ways heat can be transferred. Additionally, we will see examples of heat transfer in both the magical world of Harry Potter and our daily lives.

(Continue on, presenting students with the Lesson Background content information.)

Lesson Background and Concepts for Teachers

Temperature

Temperature is the measure of the average thermal energy in a system or body. We use three common scales to measure temperature: Fahrenheit, Celsius and Kelvin. The Fahrenheit scale identifies the freezing point of water as 32 ⁰F and the boiling point of water as 212 ⁰F, whereas the Celsius scale identifies the freezing point of water as 0 ⁰C and the boiling point of water as 100 ⁰C. The Kelvin scale is an adaptation of Celsius that sets absolute zero as 0 K. At absolute zero, atoms cease to move and no thermal energy exists. For reference, one of the coldest materials is liquid nitrogen, which has a temperature of 77 K, which is -196 ⁰C or -321 ⁰F.

Heat is an important concept for researchers, scientists and engineers. The term "heat" is different from temperature in that it is not the measure of thermal energy, but rather the measure of the transfer of thermal energy. The three different types of heat transfer are conduction, convection and radiation. When thermal energy is being transferred, it always goes from the state of higher energy to lower energy (as demonstrated by the ice in the student's hand). Although it is common to think that cold objects contribute something to us when touched, it is rather that our bodies lose energy, which results in a decrease in our thermal energy and temperature.

Conduction is the transfer of heat due to direct contact of systems. The atoms vibrating in one object have an effect on the atoms of another object when in contact. For an object with higher thermal energy, the atoms are vibrating faster than an object with less thermal energy, and during their contact, energy is transferred from the object of high energy to the one with less energy. Due to the proximity of atoms and molecules, conduction is most effective in the solid and liquid phases and less effective in the gas phase. This concept can be illustrated by attempting to cool down a drink. A drink cools faster if put in a bucket of ice water (≈4 ⁰C) rather in the refrigerator (≈4 ⁰C) because more molecules are in contact with the drink via the liquid than via the refrigerated air.

Within conduction is the concept of conductance. Conduction is not limited to being between two objects; it can also be the transfer of heat within a single object or material. For example, if a metal skillet is being heated on a stove (the stove top is transferring its thermal energy into the metal skillet), the layer of atoms in the skillet at the point of contact with the stove top begins to vibrate faster, which then interacts with the next layer of atoms, and so on throughout the entire skillet. The conductance, which is the ability to transfer thermal energy, of a material is largely based on the molecular structure and bonding of the material. Conductors are materials that transfer heat quickly, while insulators are materials that do not transfer heat effectively. Materials such as metals, glass and ceramics are good conductors; materials such as plastic, wood and Styrofoam are insulators.

Convection is often observed in the movement of bulk fluids. When liquids or gases flow, they exchange thermal energy with other media with which they come into contact. As discussed earlier, the radiator liquid is cooled once it returns to the radiator; this is done by air passing over the hot radiator and heat moving from the radiator to the air. Additionally, convection can occur within a singular body of fluid through the changing of temperature within a bulk mass of fluid. Much like conductance in solid bodies, bulk systems of fluids can have different temperature gradients, but what is different about fluids is that these temperature differences can lead to significant density changes. Because fluids, such as gases and liquids, are free to move, if one portion of the fluid increases in temperature (due to either conduction or radiation), its density decreases and that portion of the fluid rises. Convection can be illustrated by a fireplace that heats the air in a room, causing it to expand and rise, while the cooler air near the ceiling falls towards the fire where it is warmed. Convection is seen in many scenarios by this continuous heating and cooling process, evidenced by this rising and falling movement.

(To pique students' interest, use examples of spells from the Harry Potter book series to illustrate the concept of convection.) In Harry Potter's magical world, one example of convection is a hot air charm used to cause a blast of hot air to come forth from the wand. The hot air is the movement of a bulk fluid that transfers heat to any object that it encounters. In the muggle world, many engineered and natural examples of convection exist. Engineers have designed ovens, electronic cooling systems and heat exchangers, such as car radiators, to benefit from the concept of convection. As discussed above, the fluid in a car's radiator is heated by the engine, after which it is circulated back to the radiator and cooled by the air passing over the radiator's surface. The radiator is an example of a continuous process of the heating and cooling of a liquid, driven not by density change but by a mechanical pump. Elephant's large ears are an example of a natural radiator; the warm blood is circulated by the heart into the ears and cooled by the air that passes over the ear surface. The continuous process of the warm blood being cooled as it circulates through the ears helps keep the animal cool in the intense African heat.

Radiation is the transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves can be transferred through space without the presence of matter, but thermal energy is not generated until the waves contact matter. As the electromagnetic waves contact matter, they transfer heat by increasing the thermal energy of the matter. It is interesting to note that the heat transferred by radiation is a function of the matter's absorbance of the electrometric waves. White objects reflect much of the light that hits them, thus absorbing very little of the energy and avoiding the transmittance of heat due to radiation. On the other end of the spectrum, black objects adsorb all of the light and have the maximum heat transfer due to radiation. But radiation does not only occur by visible light; it can also be due to the electromagnetic waves in the range of infrared and others.

(To pique students' interest, use examples of spells from Harry Potter to illustrate the concept of radiation.) In the fictional Harry Potter stories, one example of radiation is a spell called lumus , which causes the wand to transmit a beam of light. Although the spell is used more like a flashlight, it still produces electromagnetic waves that transmit some heat. In the muggle world, many engineered and natural examples of radiation exist, too. One simple demonstration is the concentration of sunlight into a fine point through the use of a magnify glass. If kept steady on a piece of paper, the energy from the sun eventually causes the paper to smoke and catch on fire. An engineered example of the use of radiation to transmit heat is the microwave oven, which transmits microwaves into food, causing the atoms to vibrate more rapidly and the temperature to increase. The primary example of radiation in nature is the sun, which is the source of heat and warmth for all life on Earth. One way to see the effect of the sun in transmitting heat is by comparing climates on the equator to climates closer to the poles. The difference in average temperatures is due to the angle at which the electromagnetic waves encounter the Earth's surface.

Watch this activity on YouTube

Once students have completed the associated activity, call their attention for a review of all of the main concepts:

• Discuss the importance of understanding the specific heat capacity of different materials and how it is important for engineers to consider these properties when designing structures, devices, chemicals and most products.
• Ask students to explain at least one natural and one engineered example of each of the three types of mass transfer of energy.
• Conclude the lesson by making a brief and initial connection between heat and the larger topic of thermodynamics. Heat transfer is often taught right before or during a unit on thermodynamics, so it is important to help students understand how heat fits in to the larger topic of thermodynamics.

conduction: The transfer of heat by atomic movement due to contact from systems of high temperature to systems of lower temperature.

convection: The transfer and movement of heat by bulk flow of fluids.

heat: The transfer of thermal energy across systems or within a single system.

radiation: The transfer of heat by the absorbance and emission of electromagnetic waves.

temperature: A measure of the average thermal energy in a system or body.

Pre-Lesson Assessment

Energy Review: Verbally review with students the concepts of energy and the law of conservation of energy. Ask questions to refresh their knowledge about energy and connect the concepts of energy and heat. For example:

• What does the law of conservation of energy tell us? (Answer: Energy cannot be created or destroyed.)
• What are the two main forms of energy? (Answer: Potential and kinetic energy.)
• Give me some scenarios in which potential and kinetic energy exist? (Answer: Potential energy: A book on the shelf; kinetic energy: a bowling ball rolling across the floor; both: a bird flying, etc.)

Lesson-Embedded Assessment

Guided Note Taking: During the lesson, move around the classroom to observe each student's progress on the Heat Transfer Guided Notes Worksheet . At lesso end, collect the worksheets to assess student engagement and understanding of the covered content.

Lesson Summary Assessment

Vocabulary: Ask students to define and write short definitions of all the vocabulary words.

Research Examples: Ask students to research engineered and natural examples of conduction, convection and radiation. Have them write short paragraphs explaining their example finding for each.

Students learn about the definition of heat as a form of energy and how it exists in everyday life. They learn about the three types of heat transfer—conduction, convection and radiation—as well as the connection between heat and insulation.

With the help of simple, teacher-led demonstration activities, students learn the basic physics of heat transfer by means of conduction, convection and radiation. They also learn about examples of heating and cooling devices, from stove tops to car radiators, that they encounter in their homes, scho...

Students learn about the nature of thermal energy, temperature and how materials store thermal energy. They discuss the difference between conduction, convection and radiation of thermal energy, and complete activities in which they investigate the difference between temperature, thermal energy and ...

Students are introduced to various types of energy with a focus on thermal energy and types of heat transfer as they are challenged to design a better travel thermos that is cost efficient, aesthetically pleasing and meets the design objective of keeping liquids hot.

Jarvis, Laurie, and Deb Simonson. "Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection, Radiation." WISC-Online. Posted 2004. Fox Valley Technology College. Accessed December 6, 2012. (Useful for simple definitions and illustrations.) http://www.wisc-online.com/Objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=sce304

Sonntag, Richard. E., Claus Borgnakke and Gordan J. Van Wylen. Fundamentals of Thermodynamics . 7th edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008.

Contributors

Supporting program, acknowledgements.

This digital library content was developed by the University of Houston's College of Engineering under National Science Foundation GK-12 grant number DGE 0840889. However, these contents do not necessarily represent the policies of the NSF and you should not assume endorsement by the federal government.

Last modified: June 14, 2021

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Heat Transfer – Conduction, Convection, Radiation

Heat transfer occurs when thermal energy moves from one place to another. Atoms and molecules inherently have kinetic and thermal energy, so all matter participates in heat transfer. There are three main types of heat transfer, plus other processes that move energy from high temperature to low temperature.

What Is Heat Transfer?

Heat transfer is the movement of heat due to a temperature difference between a system and its surroundings. The energy transfer is always from higher temperature to lower temperature, due to the second law of thermodynamics . The units of heat transfer are the joule (J), calorie (cal), and kilocalorie (kcal). The unit for the rate of heat transfer is the kilowatt (KW).

The Three Types of Heat Transfer With Examples

The three types of heat transfer differ according to the nature of the medium that transmits heat:

• Conduction requires contact.
• Convection requires fluid flow.
• Radiation does not require any medium.
• Conduction is heat transfer directly between neighboring atoms or molecules. Usually, it is heat transfer through a solid. For example, the metal handle of a pan on a stove becomes hot due to convection. Touching the hot pan conducts heat to your hand.
• Convection is heat transfer via the movement of a fluid, such as air or water. Heating water on a stove is a good example. The water at the top of the pot becomes hot because water near the heat source rises. Another example is the movement of air around a campfire. Hot air rises, transferring heat upward. Meanwhile, the partial vacuum left by this movement draws in cool outside air that feeds the fire with fresh oxygen.
• Radiation is the emission of electromagnetic radiation. While it occurs through a medium, it does not require one. For example, it’s warm outside on a sunny day because solar radiation crosses space and heats the atmosphere. The burner element of a stove also emits radiation. However, some heat from a burner comes from conduction between the hot element and a metal pan. Most real-life processes involve multiple forms of heat transfer.

Conduction requires that molecules touch each other, making it a slower process than convection or radiation. Atoms and molecules with a lot of energy have more kinetic energy and engage in more collisions with other matter. They are “hot.” When hot matter interacts with cold matter, some energy gets transferred during the collision. This drives conduction. Forms of matter that readily conduct heat are called thermal conductors .

Examples of Conduction

Conduction is a common process in everyday life. For example:

• Holding an ice cube immediately makes your hands feel cold. Meanwhile, the heat transferred from your skin to the ice melts it into liquid water.
• Walking barefoot on a hot road or sunny beach burns your feet because the solid material transmits heat into your foot.
• Iron clothes transfers heat from the iron to the fabric.
• The handle of a coffee cup filled with hot coffee becomes warm or even hot via conduction through the mug material.

Conduction Equation

One equation for conduction calculates heat transfer per unit of time from thermal conductivity, area, thickness of the material, and the temperature difference between two regions:

Q = [K ∙ A ∙ (T hot – T cold )] / d

• Q is heat transfer per unit time
• K is the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the substance
• A is the area of heat transfer
• T hot  is the temperature of the hot region
• T cold  is the temperature of the cold region
• d is the thickness of the body

Convection is the movement of fluid molecules from higher temperature to lower temperature regions. Changing the temperature of a fluid affects its density, producing convection currents. If the volume of a fluid increases, than its density decreases and it becomes buoyant.

Examples of Convection

Convection is a familiar process on Earth, primarily involving air or water. However, it applies to other fluids, such as refrigeration gases and magma. Examples of convection include:

• Boiling water undergoes convection as less dense hot molecules rise through higher density cooler molecules.
• Hot air rises and cooler air sinks and replaces it.
• Convection drives global circulation in the oceans between the equators and poles.
• A convection oven circulates hot air and cooks more evenly than one that only uses heating elements or a gas flame.

Convection Equation

The equation for the rate of convection relates area and the difference between the fluid temperature and surface temperature:

Q = h c  ∙ A ∙ (T s  – T f )

• Q is the heat transfer per unit time
• h c  is the coefficient of convective heat transfer
• T s  is the surface temperature
• T f  is the fluid temperature

Radiation is the release of electromagnetic energy. Another name for thermal radiation is radiant heat. Unlike conduction or convection, radiation requires no medium for heat transfer. So, radiation occurs both within a medium (solid, liquid, gas) or through a vacuum.

Examples of Radiation

There are many examples of radiation:

• A microwave oven emits microwave radiation, which increases the thermal energy in food
• The Sun emits light (including ultraviolet radiation) and heat
• Uranium-238 emits alpha radiation as it decays into thorium-234

Radiation Equation

The Stephan-Boltzmann law describes relationship between the power and temperature of thermal radiation:

P = e ∙ σ ∙ A· (Tr – Tc) 4

• P is the net power of radiation
• A is the area of radiation
• Tr is the radiator temperature
• Tc is the surrounding temperature
• e is emissivity
• σ is Stefan’s constant (σ = 5.67 × 10 -8 Wm -2 K -4 )

More Heat Transfer – Chemical Bonds and Phase Transitions

While conduction, convection, and radiation are the three modes of heat transfer, other processes absorb and release heat. For example, atoms release energy when chemical bonds break and absorb energy in order to form bonds. Releasing energy is an exergonic process, while absorbing energy is an endergonic process. Sometimes the energy is light or sound, but most of the time it’s heat, making these processes exothermic and endothermic .

Phase transitions between the states of matter also involve the absorption or release of energy. A great example of this is evaporative cooling, where the phase transition from a liquid into a vapor absorbs thermal energy from the environment.

• Faghri, Amir; Zhang, Yuwen; Howell, John (2010). Advanced Heat and Mass Transfer . Columbia, MO: Global Digital Press. ISBN 978-0-9842760-0-4.
• Geankoplis, Christie John (2003). Transport Processes and Separation Principles (4th ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-101367-X.
• Peng, Z.; Doroodchi, E.; Moghtaderi, B. (2020). “Heat transfer modelling in Discrete Element Method (DEM)-based simulations of thermal processes: Theory and model development”. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science . 79: 100847. doi: 10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100847
• Welty, James R.; Wicks, Charles E.; Wilson, Robert Elliott (1976). Fundamentals of Momentum, Heat, and Mass Transfer (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-93354-0.

Related Posts

Heat Transfer Worksheet Convection Conduction and Radiation

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Heat Transfer (ME 4150)

In this course, students learn about the three forms of heat transfer -- conduction, convection, and radiation.

Professor John Biddle's complete lecture series (semester system, 2020 and 2022)

This version of the lecture series has better audio and video quality, and includes additional topics that were not in the 2015 version. The first two-thirds of the lecture was recorded in 2020, and the remaining third was recorded in 2022.

Syllabus for Spring 2020   |    Syllabus for Spring 2022

Playlist of all videos in the lecture series

Lecture 01 -  Introduction to heat transfer, conduction, convection, and radiation Lecture 02 - Introductory examples, energy balance on a control volume and control surface Lecture 03 - Energy balance problems, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity Lecture 04 - Heat diffusion equation, boundary conditions, property tables Lecture 05 - Heat diffusion examples, 1D conduction in a plane wall Lecture 06 - 1D conduction in a cylindrical wall, composite wall network model Lecture 07 - Overall heat transfer coefficient, composite geometries examples Lecture 08 - Extended surfaces (fins), fin efficiencies Lecture 09 - Finned surfaces, fin examples Lecture 10 - 2D conduction analysis, heat flux plots Lecture 11 - 2D conduction shape factors, shape factor examples, finite difference analysis Lecture 12 - Finite difference examples Lecture 13 - Transient heat conduction, lumped heat capacity model and examples Lecture 14 - Transient heat conduction, approx. solution model (spatial effects) and examples Lecture 15 - Introduction to radiation heat transfer, blackbodies, blackbody examples Lecture 16 - Radiation heat transfer surface properties (reflectivity, transmissivity, etc.) Lecture 17 - Radiation heat transfer surface properties examples Lecture 18 - View factors, simple view factor examples Lecture 19 - 2D and 3D view factors, 2D and 3D view factor examples Lecture 20 - Surface and space resistances, radiation network models and examples Lecture 21 - Radiation network examples Lecture 22 - Radiation heat shields and examples, hypothetical surfaces and examples Lecture 23 - Convection heat transfer over external surfaces, flat plate analysis Lecture 24 - Flat plate convection heat transfer coefficients Lecture 25 - Flat plate convection heat transfer examples, Flows over cylinders Lecture 26 - Heat transfer in flows over cylinders examples Lecture 27 - Heat transfer in internal flows in tubes Lecture 28 - Heat transfer in internal flows in tubes examples Lecture 29 - Heat transfer in tubes examples, Overall heat transfer coefficient Lecture 30 - Combined internal and external heat transfer in tubes Lecture 31 - Free convection heat transfer Lecture 32 - Free convection heat transfer over various geometries Lecture 33 - Examples of free convection heat transfer Lecture 34 - Combined mode heat transfer and examples Lecture 35 - Combined mode heat transfer and examples Lecture 36 - Heat transfer hardware examples Lecture 37 - Real world heat transfer examples

Interview with Dr. John Biddle (recorded in 2017)

Professor John Biddle's complete lecture series (quarter system, 2015)

Syllabus for Fall 2015 (Note: The course was called "ME 415" at that time)

Lecture 01 - Introduction to Heat Transfer Lecture 02 - Important Properties in Heat Transfer Lecture 03 - Conduction Heat Diffusion Equation Lecture 04 - One-Dimensional Conduction Lecture 05 - Thermal Conduction Resistance Lecture 06 - Extended Surfaces (Fins) Lecture 07 - Fin examples Lecture 08 - Two-Dimensional Conduction, Part I Lecture 09 - Two-Dimensional Conduction, Part II Lecture 10 - Transient Conduction, Part I Lecture 11 - Transient Conduction, Part II Lecture 12 - Introduction to Thermal Radiation Lecture 13 - Thermal Radiation Properties Lecture 14 - Radiation View Factors Lecture 15 - Thermal Radiation Networks Lecture 16 - Thermal Radiation Network Examples Lecture 17 - Midterm Exam Review Problems Lecture 18 - Flat Plate Convection, Part I Lecture 19 - Flat Plate Convection, Part II Lecture 20 - Convection Over Cylinders, Part I Lecture 21 - Convection Over Cylinders, Part II Lecture 22 - Internal Flow Convection, Part I Lecture 23 - Internal Flow Convection, Part II Lecture 24 - Internal Flow Convection, Part III Lecture 25 - Heat Transfer Hardware Lecture 26 - Course Overview

Interview with Dr. John Biddle

Intermediate Heat Transfer

Credit hours:, learning objective:, description:.

Heat and mass transfer by diffusion in one-dimensional, two-dimensional, transient, periodic, and phase change systems. Convective heat transfer for external and internal flows. Similarity and integral solution methods. Heat, mass, and momentum analogies. Turbulence. Buoyancy driven flows. Convection with phase change. Radiation exchange between surfaces and radiation transfer in absorbing-emitting medial. Multimode heat transfer problems. Students who meet the prerequisites spend up to 5 hrs/wk on the course whereas those who do not have the appropriate math and heat transfer background can expect to spend 11-15 hrs/wk on the course.  

Topics Covered:

Prerequisites:, applied / theory:, web address:, web content:, computer requirements:, other requirements:, instructor(s).

• For educators

Introduction to Heat Transfer (6th Edition) Edit edition This problem has been solved: …

Calculate the area of insulation.

Here, d is the side length of the sheet.

Substitute 2 m for d .

Calculate the heat flux through the insulated sheet.

Calculate the heat transfer rate along the insulated sheet.

Corresponding textbook

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