![atomic theory research paper American Association of Physics Teachers](https://aipp.silverchair-cdn.com/data/SiteBuilderAssetsOriginals/Live/Images/aapt/logo.png)
- Next Article
![](http://ortec.site/777/templates/cheerup1/res/banner1.gif)
Niels Bohr’s First 1913 Paper: Still Relevant, Still Exciting, Still Puzzling
- Article contents
- Figures & tables
- Supplementary Data
- Peer Review
- Reprints and Permissions
- Cite Icon Cite
- Search Site
Kenneth W. Ford; Niels Bohr’s First 1913 Paper: Still Relevant, Still Exciting, Still Puzzling. Phys. Teach. 1 November 2018; 56 (8): 500–502. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.5064553
Download citation file:
- Ris (Zotero)
- Reference Manager
Many teachers like to introduce the Bohr atom toward the end of an introductory physics course. This is an excellent idea, given the historic importance of Bohr’s 1913 work, which provided the bridge from Planck’s quantized interaction of matter and radiation (1900) to the full theory of quantum mechanics (1925-28). Unfortunately, the version of the Bohr atom that appears in many textbooks and is no doubt often presented to students is more wrong than right and may leave both teachers and students wondering why, more than a hundred years later, it is still being taught. This “pedagogic” version postulates that an electron in a stationary state moves in a circular orbit with an angular momentum that is an integral multiple of h /2π ( L = nh /2π = nħ )— ħ for the lowest-energy state, 2 ħ for the next state, and so on. This picture of the hydrogen atom is wrong in two senses. First it doesn’t conform to our present understanding of the hydrogen atom. This, in itself, is not a reason to scrap it, for the historical development of quantum physics is certainly of interest. But second, it doesn’t conform to the essence of what Bohr actually did. That is a reason not to teach about circular orbits and L = nħ .
Citing articles via
- Online ISSN 1943-4928
- Print ISSN 0031-921X
- For Researchers
- For Librarians
- For Advertisers
- Our Publishing Partners
- Physics Today
- Conference Proceedings
- Special Topics
pubs.aip.org
- Privacy Policy
- Terms of Use
Connect with AIP Publishing
This feature is available to subscribers only.
Sign In or Create an Account
Bohr's Atomic Model
- First Online: 25 July 2009
Cite this chapter
- Arne Schirrmacher
The model of Niels Bohr (1885–1962) for the atom is since long just the one and only conception for atoms of the vast majority of educated people. The picture of ► electrons revolving round a nucleus on select avenues has become the icon of the atomic age. In stark contrast to this omnipresence, historically, the Bohr atom may be identified as the best available theory for the atom only for a period of roughly ten years between 1914 and 1924. For this reason any consideration of Bohr's atom has to take into account both the historical context of its creation and the long and diverse processes of reception within science, education and public that gave rise to much misinterpretation of Bohr's intentions, his actual work and its physical or realistic interpretation.
For the question of the genesis of the Bohr model one has to go back to the beginning of the twentieth century, when it became widely recognized that both atoms contain electrons and at the same time were almost fully penetrable by electron bombardment. Between 1901 and 1905 various physicists and science popularizers draw the analogy between atoms and planetary systems (e.g. Jean Perrin (1870–1942), Wilhelm Meyer (1853–1910), or Hantaro Nagaoka (1856–1950) ► atomic models) and some of them immediately realized the difference: Since electric forces were both attractive and repulsive it was hard to understand how stable configurations could result at all. As a consequence in the years before world war I concern with detailed atomic models was not widespread. For this reason also the ► Rutherford atom was largely ignored until it could be reinterpreted as a predecessor of the Bohr atom. The favorite heuristic models for the atom in the years around 1910 also for Bohr was Thomson's that came in various imprecise and at times conflicting variations but was nonetheless able to serve in this way the purpose in helping to conceptualize stability, light emission and the existence of a periodic system of elements.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Subscribe and save.
- Get 10 units per month
- Download Article/Chapter or eBook
- 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
- Cancel anytime
- Available as PDF
- Read on any device
- Instant download
- Own it forever
- Compact, lightweight edition
- Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
- Free shipping worldwide - see info
- Durable hardcover edition
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Institutional subscriptions
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
Bohr’s Trilogy of 1913
Primary Literature
Niels Bohr: Collected Works , 12 vols. (Amsterdam 1972–2007; contains in Volumes 2 and 4 in particular the 1912 “Rutherford Memorandum” and the 1913 Bohr “trilogy” On the constitution of atoms and molecules I–III, from Philosophical Magazine, as well as the letters)
Google Scholar
Arnold Sommerfeld: Atombau und Spektrallinien (Braunschweig 1919)
Hendrik A. Kramers, Helge Holst: The atom and the Bohr theory of its structure (Copenhagen 1923)
Secondary Literature
John L. Heilbron, Thomas S. Kuhn: The genesis of the Bohr atom. Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences 1 , 211–290 (1969)
Article Google Scholar
Kragh: Niels Bohr's second atomic theory. Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences 10 , 123–186 (1979)
John L. Heilbron: Rutherford—Bohr atom. American Journal of Physics 49 , 223–231 (1981)
Abraham Pais: Niels Bohr's Times , in Physics, philosophy and polity (Oxford 1990)
Gerhard Zoubek, Bernhard Lauth: Zur Rekonstruktion des Bohrschen Forschungsprogramms I & II. Erkenntnis 37 (2), 223–247, 249–273 (1992)
MathSciNet Google Scholar
Eckert: Die Atomphysiker: Eine Geschichte der Theoretischen Physik am Beispiel der Som-merfeldschule (Braunschweig 1993)
Hinne Hettema: Bohr's theory of the atom 1913–1923: A case study in the progress of scientific research programmes. Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 26 , 307–23 (1995)
Article ADS MathSciNet Google Scholar
Helge Kragh: Quantum Generations: A History of Physics in the Twentieth Century (Princeton 1999)
Download references
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
Editor information
Editors and affiliations.
Department of Physics, The City College of New York, 138th St. & Convent Ave., New York, NY, 10031, USA
Daniel Greenberger
Section for the History of Science & Technology, University of Stuttgart, Keplerstr. 17, Stuttgart, D-70174, Germany
Klaus Hentschel
Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
Friedel Weinert
Rights and permissions
Reprints and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Schirrmacher, A. (2009). Bohr's Atomic Model. In: Greenberger, D., Hentschel, K., Weinert, F. (eds) Compendium of Quantum Physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70626-7_18
Download citation
DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70626-7_18
Published : 25 July 2009
Publisher Name : Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN : 978-3-540-70622-9
Online ISBN : 978-3-540-70626-7
eBook Packages : Physics and Astronomy Physics and Astronomy (R0)
Share this chapter
Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.
Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative
- Publish with us
Policies and ethics
- Find a journal
- Track your research
- Diversity & Inclusion
- Community Values
- Visiting MIT Physics
- People Directory
- Faculty Directory
- Faculty Awards
- History of MIT Physics
- Policies and Procedures
- Departmental Committees
- Academic Programs Team
- Finance Team
- Meet the Academic Programs Team
- Prospective Students
- Requirements
- Employment Opportunities
- Research Opportunities
- Graduate Admissions
- Doctoral Guidelines
- Financial Support
- Graduate Student Resources
- PhD in Physics, Statistics, and Data Science
- MIT LEAPS Program
- Physics Student Groups
- for Undergraduate Students
- for Graduate Students
- Mentoring Programs Info for Faculty
- Non-degree Programs
- Student Awards & Honors
- Astrophysics Observation, Instrumentation, and Experiment
- Astrophysics Theory
Atomic Physics
- Condensed Matter Experiment
- Condensed Matter Theory
- High Energy and Particle Theory
- Nuclear Physics Experiment
- Particle Physics Experiment
- Plasma Physics
- Quantum Gravity and Field Theory
- Quantum Information Science
- Strong Interactions and Nuclear Theory
- Center for Theoretical Physics
- Affiliated Labs & Centers
- Program Founder
- Competition
- Donor Profiles
- Patrons of Physics Fellows Society
- Giving Opportunties
- Latest Physics News
- Physics Journal: Fall 2023 Edition
- Events Calendar
- Physics Colloquia
- Search for: Search
Atomic physics seeks to understand and control the quantum behavior of matter at the smallest scale. What are the fundamental properties of single atoms, ions, molecules, and photons? Once we combine them together, what are the laws governing emergent many-body phenomena such as superfluidity and magnetism? Can we create and study new states of matter that have never existed in nature before? And how can we exert control over quantum properties to engineer useful systems such as precise clocks, new sensors, fundamentally improved measurements, and new paradigms of quantum computation?
At MIT, researchers trap and manipulate individual ions, photons, spins, and clouds of atoms and molecules. They cool gases down to temperatures a million times colder than deep space, control and image matter at the level of single atoms, hunt for dark matter, tame single photons of light, and control atom-light interactions to generate entanglement and correlations among quantum particles. This research is made possible by an ever-expanding atomic physics toolbox, including ultra-stable lasers, atom and ion traps, nanofabrication of photonic structures, high-resolution microscopes, and optical tweezers.
The group is anchored by the NSF Center for Ultracold Atoms (CUA), a joint effort between atomic physicists at MIT and Harvard, and is also vitally involved in educational activities.
Current Faculty
![atomic theory research paper headshot](https://physics.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/MIT-Paola-Cappellaro_2023_1000x667-aspect-ratio-63-63-63x63-c-default.jpg)
Emeritus Faculty
![atomic theory research paper](https://physics.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/coppi_bruno-aspect-ratio-63-63-63x63-c-default.jpg)
Affiliated Labs & Centers
- MIT–Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms
Related News
![atomic theory research paper closeup of an atom](https://physics.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/pixlr-image-generator-fec2fec4-e286-409d-b1d5-a5a1dc3d42e5-aspect-ratio-516-475-370x294-c-default.jpg)
![](http://ortec.site/777/templates/cheerup1/res/banner1.gif)
Scientists Shrunk the Gap Between Atoms to an Astounding 50 Nanometers
![atomic theory research paper On top is a green cloud of atoms point up, and on bottom is a blue cloud of atoms pointing down. In between the clouds are lines representing a magnetic field repelling the atoms.](https://physics.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/MIT-SuperSpacingAtoms-01-press-370x294-c-default.jpg)
Physicists arrange atoms in extremely close proximity
![atomic theory research paper Olivia Rosenstein stands with arms folded in front of a large piece of lab equipment](https://physics.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/mit-olivia-rosenstein-scaled-370x294-c-default.jpg)
The many-body dynamics of cold atoms and cross-country running
Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.
- View all journals
Atomic and molecular physics articles from across Nature Portfolio
Atomic and molecular physics it the study of the properties, dynamics and interactions of the basic (but not fundamental) building blocks of matter. A crucial component of this is understanding the behaviour of the electrons that surround the atomic nucleus; these dynamics dominate the way atoms and molecules interact with their environment.
![atomic theory research paper atomic theory research paper](https://media.springernature.com/w290h158/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41567-024-02609-7/MediaObjects/41567_2024_2609_Fig1_HTML.png)
Universal symmetry breaking passes the superfluid test
The Kibble–Zurek mechanism is a key framework for describing the dynamics of continuous phase transitions. Recent experiments with ultracold gases, employing alternative methods to create a superfluid, highlight its universality.
- Adolfo del Campo
- Seong-Ho Shinn
![atomic theory research paper atomic theory research paper](https://media.springernature.com/w290h158/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41567-024-02605-x/MediaObjects/41567_2024_2605_Fig1_HTML.png)
Matter waves hang in there
An atom interferometer now maintains a spatial superposition state for 70 seconds, compared to few seconds in freely falling systems. This could improve measurements of the strength of gravitational fields and quantum gravity studies.
- Klemens Hammerer
- Naceur Gaaloul
Related Subjects
- Atomic and molecular collision processes
- Atomic and molecular interactions with photons
- Attosecond science
- Electronic structure of atoms and molecules
- Exotic atoms and molecules
- Macromolecules and clusters
- Ultracold gases
Latest Research and Reviews
![atomic theory research paper atomic theory research paper](https://media.springernature.com/w290h158/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41467-024-51360-3/MediaObjects/41467_2024_51360_Fig1_HTML.png)
Near-complete chiral selection in rotational quantum states
A potential origin of homochirality in living organisms is the parity-violating energy difference between enantiomers. Here, the authors realize a technique to control rotational states of chiral molecules using microwave and ultraviolet radiation.
- JuHyeon Lee
- Elahe Abdiha
- Sandra Eibenberger-Arias
![atomic theory research paper atomic theory research paper](https://media.springernature.com/w290h158/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs42254-024-00749-6/MediaObjects/42254_2024_749_Fig1_HTML.png)
Emergent U (1) lattice gauge theory in Rydberg atom arrays
The Rydberg atomic array is an emerging quantum many-body physics platform, exhibiting rich physical phenomena, such as quantum spin liquids and quantum scar states. This Perspective analyses the latest progress in this system through a unified theoretical framework — lattice gauge theory — providing new insights for quantum simulation.
- Yanting Cheng
![atomic theory research paper atomic theory research paper](https://media.springernature.com/w290h158/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41586-024-07771-9/MediaObjects/41586_2024_7771_Fig1_HTML.png)
Attosecond delays in X-ray molecular ionization
Time-resolved measurements of the X-ray photoemission delay of core-level electrons using attosecond soft X-ray pulses from a free-electron laser can be used to determine the complex correlated dynamics of photoionization.
- Taran Driver
- Miles Mountney
- James P. Cryan
![atomic theory research paper atomic theory research paper](https://media.springernature.com/w290h158/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41586-024-07795-1/MediaObjects/41586_2024_7795_Fig1_HTML.png)
Precision spectroscopy on 9 Be overcomes limitations from nuclear structure
A high-precision measurement of the shielding effects of multiple electrons on the nuclear magnetic moment is made possible by spectroscopy of hydrogen-like 9 Be 3+ , which overcomes limitations from the nuclear structure.
- Stefan Dickopf
- Bastian Sikora
- Klaus Blaum
![atomic theory research paper atomic theory research paper](https://media.springernature.com/w290h158/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41467-024-51417-3/MediaObjects/41467_2024_51417_Fig1_HTML.png)
The solvation shell probed by resonant intermolecular Coulombic decay
X-ray triggered non-local processes, such as Intermolecular Coulombic Decay, are shown here to selectively probe solvation-shell molecules in solution and provide new information on their electronic structure and on ion-pair formation.
- Tillmann Buttersack
- Hendrik Bluhm
![atomic theory research paper atomic theory research paper](https://media.springernature.com/w290h158/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41467-024-50585-6/MediaObjects/41467_2024_50585_Fig1_HTML.png)
Pathfinder experiments with atom interferometry in the Cold Atom Lab onboard the International Space Station
NASA’s Cold Atom Lab has operated on the International Space Station since 2018 to study quantum gases and mature quantum technologies in Earth’s orbit. Here, Williams et al., report on a series of pathfinding experiments exploring the first quantum sensor using atom interferometry in space.
- Jason R. Williams
- Charles A. Sackett
- Nicholas P. Bigelow
News and Comment
![atomic theory research paper atomic theory research paper](https://media.springernature.com/w290h158/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41567-024-02563-4/MediaObjects/41567_2024_2563_Fig1_HTML.png)
Scalable spin squeezing with local interactions
Spin-squeezed states are a resource for quantum-enhanced precision measurement. However, the theoretical foundations for scalable spin squeezing — where quantum enhancement grows with system size — have only been established for systems exhibiting all-to-all interactions. Now, by unveiling a connection to finite-temperature magnetism, scalable squeezing is extended to locally interacting systems.
![atomic theory research paper atomic theory research paper](https://media.springernature.com/w290h158/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41567-024-02588-9/MediaObjects/41567_2024_2588_Fig1_HTML.png)
Non-reciprocity forces nanoparticles into lockstep
Tuneable optical control enables the investigation of collective phases of motion in a pair of coupled levitated mechanical oscillators.
- Jayadev Vijayan
![atomic theory research paper atomic theory research paper](https://media.springernature.com/w290h158/magazine-assets/d41586-024-02199-7/d41586-024-02199-7_27308302.jpg)
Most accurate clock in history made by ‘quieting’ atoms
Strontium-based timepiece gains or loses only one second every 40 billion years.
![atomic theory research paper atomic theory research paper](https://media.springernature.com/w290h158/magazine-assets/d41586-024-02134-w/d41586-024-02134-w_27319092.png)
Ultracold molecules that interact from afar form elusive quantum state
A gas of molecules that interact over long distances has been cooled to mere nanokelvins, resulting in the emergence of a state known as a Bose–Einstein condensate — the first of its kind in this type of molecular system.
- Lauriane Chomaz
Quick links
- Explore articles by subject
- Guide to authors
- Editorial policies
![atomic theory research paper atomic theory research paper](https://verify.nature.com/verify/nature.png)
![atomic theory research paper Encyclopedia Britannica](https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel/eb-logo/MendelNewThistleLogo.png)
- History & Society
- Science & Tech
- Biographies
- Animals & Nature
- Geography & Travel
- Arts & Culture
- Games & Quizzes
- On This Day
- One Good Fact
- New Articles
- Lifestyles & Social Issues
- Philosophy & Religion
- Politics, Law & Government
- World History
- Health & Medicine
- Browse Biographies
- Birds, Reptiles & Other Vertebrates
- Bugs, Mollusks & Other Invertebrates
- Environment
- Fossils & Geologic Time
- Entertainment & Pop Culture
- Sports & Recreation
- Visual Arts
- Demystified
- Image Galleries
- Infographics
- Top Questions
- Britannica Kids
- Saving Earth
- Space Next 50
- Student Center
![atomic theory research paper Rutherford atomic model](https://cdn.britannica.com/76/22476-004-39875A88/model-Diagram-Rutherford-atom-nucleus-space-electrons.jpg)
- Is mathematics a physical science?
- Why does physics work in SI units?
- How is the atomic number of an atom defined?
- Who was Democritus?
- What is Democritus known for?
![atomic theory research paper Well-balanced of stones on the top of boulder](https://cdn.britannica.com/80/191980-131-AC0F1C4B/stones-boulder-top.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop)
atomic theory
Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.
- North Dakota State University - The Atomic Theory
- Academia - Atomic Theory
- Florida State University - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry - Atomic Theory and Structure
- Chemistry LibreTexts - Atomic Theory
- BCCampus Publishing - Atomic Theory
![atomic theory research paper Rutherford atomic model](https://cdn.britannica.com/76/22476-050-4F6B774E/model-Diagram-Rutherford-atom-nucleus-space-electrons.jpg?w=400&h=300&c=crop)
atomic theory , ancient philosophical speculation that all things can be accounted for by innumerable combinations of hard, small, indivisible particles (called atoms ) of various sizes but of the same basic material; or the modern scientific theory of matter according to which the chemical elements that combine to form the great variety of substances consist themselves of aggregations of similar subunits (atoms) possessing nuclear and electron substructure characteristic of each element. The ancient atomic theory was proposed in the 5th century bce by the Greek philosophers Leucippus and Democritus and was revived in the 1st century bce by the Roman philosopher and poet Lucretius . The modern atomic theory, which has undergone continuous refinement, began to flourish at the beginning of the 19th century with the work of the English chemist John Dalton . The experiments of the British physicist Ernest Rutherford in the early 20th century on the scattering of alpha particles from a thin gold foil established the Rutherford atomic model of an atom as consisting of a central, positively charged nucleus containing nearly all the mass and surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged planetlike electrons .
With the advent of quantum mechanics and the Schrödinger equation in the 1920s, atomic theory became a precise mathematical science . Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger devised a partial differential equation for the quantum dynamics of atomic electrons, including the electrostatic repulsion of all the negatively charged electrons from each other and their attraction to the positively charged nucleus. The equation can be solved exactly for an atom containing only a single electron ( hydrogen ), and very close approximations can be found for atoms containing two or three electrons ( helium and lithium , respectively). To the extent that the Schrödinger equation can be solved for more-complex cases, atomic theory is capable of predicting from first principles the properties of all atoms and their interactions. The recent availability of high-speed supercomputers to solve the Schrödinger equation has made possible accurate calculations of properties for atoms and molecules with ever larger numbers of electrons. Precise agreement with experiment is obtained if small corrections due to the effects of the theory of special relativity and quantum electrodynamics are also included.
Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.
To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser .
- We're Hiring!
- Help Center
Atomic Theory
- Most Cited Papers
- Most Downloaded Papers
- Newest Papers
- Atomic and Molecular collision Follow Following
- Atomic Collisions Follow Following
- Computational Physics Follow Following
- Theoretical Atomic Physics Follow Following
- Computer Graphics for Visualization Follow Following
- Electron Theory of Metals Follow Following
- Periodic Table Of The Elements Follow Following
- Lambda Calculus Follow Following
- Quantum Theory Follow Following
- History of Science Follow Following
Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.
- Academia.edu Journals
- We're Hiring!
- Help Center
- Find new research papers in:
- Health Sciences
- Earth Sciences
- Cognitive Science
- Mathematics
- Computer Science
- Academia ©2024
Knowledge of Atomic Structure and Visualization: A Research Results from Questionnaire with First-year Chemistry Students
- January 2014
![atomic theory research paper Zalkida Hadzibegovic](https://c5.rgstatic.net/m/4671872220764/images/template/default/profile/profile_default_m.jpg)
- This person is not on ResearchGate, or hasn't claimed this research yet.
![atomic theory research paper . Course statistics](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Zalkida-Hadzibegovic/publication/306466993/figure/tbl1/AS:668588503466012@1536415329904/Course-statistics_Q320.jpg)
Discover the world's research
- 25+ million members
- 160+ million publication pages
- 2.3+ billion citations
- Semira Galijasevic
![atomic theory research paper Gregory J Light](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/332667095666712-1456325425004_Q64/Gregory-Light-2.jpg)
- Denise Drane
- CHEM EDUC RES PRACT
![atomic theory research paper Georgios Tsaparlis](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/11431281133173439-1680267743433_Q64/Georgios-Tsaparlis.jpg)
- Georgios Papaphotis
![atomic theory research paper Canan Nakiboglu](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/854546771369984-1580751235542_Q64/Canan-Nakiboglu.jpg)
- Eun Jung Park
![atomic theory research paper Keith S. Taber](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/422845462388737-1477825622430_Q64/Keith-Taber.jpg)
- Mansoor Niaz
- Damarys Aguilera
- Arelys Maza
![atomic theory research paper Gustavo R. Liendo Polanco](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/272449946255370-1441968537509_Q64/Gustavo-Liendo-Polanco.jpg)
- Recruit researchers
- Join for free
- Login Email Tip: Most researchers use their institutional email address as their ResearchGate login Password Forgot password? Keep me logged in Log in or Continue with Google Welcome back! Please log in. Email · Hint Tip: Most researchers use their institutional email address as their ResearchGate login Password Forgot password? Keep me logged in Log in or Continue with Google No account? Sign up
![](http://ortec.site/777/templates/cheerup1/res/banner1.gif)
VIDEO
COMMENTS
This paper presents a case study in the history of chemistry, on the early developments of John Dalton's atomic theory. Based on the case study, several questions that are worth discussing in ...
Many teachers like to introduce the Bohr atom toward the end of an introductory physics course. This is an excellent idea, given the historic importance of Bohr's 1913 work, which provided the bridge from Planck's quantized interaction of matter and radiation (1900) to the full theory of quantum mechanics (1925-28).
The most important virtue of Thomson's paper from my point of view, however, is that I can use it to show students what is involved in doing science. I know of no paper that better displays the problem of marshaling evidence in the early stages of theory construction. The key experiments in this paper proceed from the working hypothesis that ...
Atomic stability ad electrodynamic theory As soon as we try to trace a more intimate connexion between the properties of the elements and atomic structure, we encounter profound difficulties, in. S T R U C T U R E O F T H E A T O M I I that essential differences between an atom and a planetary system show them-
In 1913, Niels Bohr published a groundbreaking paper that introduced a new way of understanding atomic phenomena ().Entitled "On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules," the article brought together for the first time the model of the atom developed by Rutherford, which consisted of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons, with the theory for quantization ...
1 Henry E. Roscoe and Arthur Harden, A New View of the Origin of Dalton's Atomic Theory (London: Macmillan, 1896), 13-18, on 13. For a bibliography on Dalton, see A. L. Smyth, John Dalton 1766-1844: A Bibliography of Works by and about Him with an Annotated List of his Surviving Apparatus and Personal Effects (Manchester: Manchester Literary and Philosophical Publications, Ltd., 1997).
The model of Niels Bohr (1885-1962) for the atom is since long just the one and only conception for atoms of the vast majority of educated people. The picture of electrons revolving round a nucleus on select avenues has become the icon of the atomic age. In stark contrast to this omnipresence, historically, the Bohr atom may be identified as ...
Thomson's atomic theory has informally been called the "plum-pudding" model, but the early history of this expression has not been elucidated. The expression is not in Thomson 1, the seminal paper in which Thomson developed his atomic theory, nor is it in ... his theory "played a useful part" in pointing to fruitful lines of research ...
100 years ago. The Theory of Spectra and Atomic Constitution: Three Essays. By Prof. Niels Bohr — The beautiful conception which inspires and co-ordinates practically the whole of modern atomic ...
The emphasis is on his theory of radioactive disintegration (1902), the discovery of the atomic nucleus (1911), and the first artificially produced element transformation ... at experimental research. The result was a joint paper on the ionization of gases caused by the ... some future development of atomic theory, perhaps a modification of the
Abstract. Sommerfeld's extension of Bohr's atomic model was motivated by the quest for a theory of the Zeeman and Stark effects. The crucial idea was that a spectral line is made up of coinciding ...
John Dalton - Atomic Theory, Chemistry, Physics: By far Dalton's most influential work in chemistry was his atomic theory. ... although he continued to pursue research in various fields. When faced with the Royal Society's rejection of his 1838 paper "On the Arseniates and Phosphates," he had it printed privately, noting bitterly that ...
History of atomic theory. The current theoretical model of the atom involves a dense nucleus surrounded by a probabilistic "cloud" of electrons. Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms. The definition of the word "atom" has changed over the years in response to scientific discoveries.
This research is made possible by an ever-expanding atomic physics toolbox, including ultra-stable lasers, atom and ion traps, nanofabrication of photonic structures, high-resolution microscopes, and optical tweezers. The group is anchored by the NSF Center for Ultracold Atoms (CUA), a joint effort between atomic physicists at MIT and Harvard ...
The Rydberg atomic array is an emerging quantum many-body physics platform, exhibiting rich physical phenomena, such as quantum spin liquids and quantum scar states.
atomism. atomic theory, ancient philosophical speculation that all things can be accounted for by innumerable combinations of hard, small, indivisible particles (called atoms) of various sizes but of the same basic material; or the modern scientific theory of matter according to which the chemical elements that combine to form the great variety ...
A cohesive unifying theory of the atom does not currently exist in Quantum Physics. In this research, the atomic spectra are allowed to determine the model for the atom based upon the finding of patterns of the Balmer-Rydberg formula in the first 20 ions and neutral atoms of the periodic table.
The research described in this paper is an investigation into the conceptions held about atomic orbitals, hybridization and related concepts by prospective chemistry teachers. ... Atomic theory or ...
If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked.
Atomic Theory Over the last few thousand years, the atomic theory has advanced significantly. Bohr's atomic model is one of the most significant turning points along the way. This model, put out by the Danish physicist Niels Bohr in 1913, shows the atom as a nucleus surrounded by electrons that move in circular orbits around it.