latex format for research paper

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LaTeX instructions

Download the journal article template package   opens in new tab/window

The Elsevier article class

The Elsevier article class helps you to format the frontmatter of your manuscript properly. It is part of the elsarticle package. This package is contained in most TeX distributions and is available in the template. The elsarticle documentation   opens in new tab/window  and some common templates and bibliographic styles are part of this package as well.

Two additional class files and templates are available for single and double column. These can be downloaded from  here   opens in new tab/window .

Elsevier reference styles

Some journals require a specific reference style. Please check the Guide for Authors for the journal requirement. The relevant bibliographic styles for LaTeX are packed with the  sample manuscript   opens in new tab/window  are available in the “doc” folder.

Submitting your manuscript

Most journals accept a PDF of your manuscript at initial submission.

When you are asked to submit your manuscript source files, do the following:

Build a PDF of your manuscript source files on your computer and attach it with item type 'Manuscript'.

Bundle all manuscript source files in a single archive and attach it with item type 'LaTeX source files'. Source files include LaTeX files, BibTeX files, figures, tables, all LaTeX classes and packages that are not included in TeX Live and any other material that belongs to your manuscript.

For step-by-step instructions, please refer Submitting LaTeX Files to Editorial Manager   opens in new tab/window

Frequently asked questions

Here we have answered some of the most common questions that arise at the point of submitting an article in LaTeX. If your question relates specifically to the Latex template, please contact [email protected]

Can I use subfolders in my TeX submission files?

No. LaTeX submissions containing subfolders cannot be processed by EM. All submission files – including figures, tables, and style and bibliographic files – must be stored at the same folder level.

Can I use Overleaf (WriteLatex Ltd) to create my LaTeX manuscript and import it into EM?

Yes, you can use Overleaf to create your LaTeX manuscript using TeX Live 2022. When using Overleaf, please check the PDF carefully to ensure that the LaTeX file was compiled without any errors. Unlike EM, Overleaf generates a PDF even if compilation errors occurred – it does not stop at every error. In EM, however, compilation errors will generate an error log PDF only.

Which item types should I select for LaTeX submission files?

Select the Manuscript item type for .tex, .bbl, .bst, .sty, .bib, .nls, .ilg, and .nlo files. Select the Figure item type for images and graphic files.

Depending on the publication, Manuscript, Figure, or other item types may have different names. Contact our Support Team via the contact options at the bottom if you need clarification.

Why are my figures not appearing in the PDF?

You may have stored your images in subfolders. EM cannot process LaTeX submissions in folders with a directory structure, so it cannot find files referenced in a different directory from the root.

Why does my PDF show question marks instead of bibliographic citations?

If you have compiled your bibliography in a separate file and question marks appear in your PDF instead of the content in the associated bibliography file, your .tex manuscript file may contain incorrect formatting.

For more information and support, see the  Elsevier Support Center   opens in new tab/window

Preparing CRC journal articles

Camera-ready copy (CRC) journals are those that reproduce the author's manuscript exactly, with no intervention by the typesetter. Such journals are the exception rather than the rule; if a journal is CRC, this fact is clearly indicated in the instructions to authors. The  Procedia  series of journals, for example, are genuine CRC. Please read carefully the journal's instructions to authors.

For LaTeX authors of camera-ready articles, we provide the ecrc.sty package. This is a small package designed to work with the elsarticle document class. All the features of elsarticle are available, along with a few extra commands specific to CRC reproduction. Documentation for the use of ecrc.sty is included in the manuscript template file available below.

The archive file  elsarticle-ecrc.zip   opens in new tab/window  contains all the necessary files to run this package. To install ecrc.sty, unzip the elsarticle-ecrc.zip file. Usually the file can be unzipped directly in the local tree of your TeX distribution (for TeX Live, this would be in the texmf-local directory). The archive contains the following files:

The elsarticle document class, elsarticle.cls   opens in new tab/window

The elsarticle documentation, elsdoc.pdf   opens in new tab/window

A BibTeX style file for the numbered reference style, elsarticle-num.bst   opens in new tab/window (other bibliographic styles are available (see above), but Elsevier CRC generally uses a numbered reference style)

The package file for Elsevier CRC, ecrc.sty   opens in new tab/window

Journal logo files Elsevier-logo-3p.pdf   opens in new tab/window and SDlogo-3p.pdf   opens in new tab/window used to make the CRC article (when compiling with pdflatex )

Alternative logo files Elsevier-logo-3p.eps   opens in new tab/window and SDlogo-3p.eps   opens in new tab/window for use with latex

A template manuscript file, ecrc-template.tex   opens in new tab/window

Once the package has been installed, edit the manuscript file ecrc-template.tex according to the instructions in that file, and save with a new name. The manuscript file should be compiled with  pdflatex  (and  bibtex  if desired).

Please only use these packages after confirmation from the journal's editors.

Nuclear and Particle Physics Proceedings   opens in new tab/window

Procedia Computer Science   opens in new tab/window

Resources for Formatting Papers in LaTex

Guide overview, library books, online resources, smart thinking tutoring service.

This guide provides resources for students and faculty who need to use the scientific text formatting application LaTex for a research paper, thesis, or dissertation.

• The Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List Symbols accessible from LATEX
• LaTex Tutorial for Beginners Full Course Video tutorial for beginners
• LaTex Wikibook This is a guide to the LaTeX typesetting system. It is intended as a useful resource for everybody, from new users who wish to learn, to old hands who need a quick reference.
• The Not So Short Introduction to LaTeX 2E The document derives from a German introduction (‘lkurz’), which was translated and updated; it continues to be updated. (Tobias Oetiker et al., 2015)
• Overleaf video training tutorials Overleaf is an on-line LaTeX editing tool that allows you to create LaTeX documents directly in your web browser.
• Smart Thinking Smarthinking is an online professional tutoring platform available to Rowan students, to supplement our own peer-to-peer tutoring program. Smarthinking offers students academic support through a 24/7 online service and is available at no charge. This platform enables Rowan to offer additional academic support for more students and courses than our peer-to-peer tutoring services alone. Students can access Smarthinking through their canvas course or by clicking this link: https://go.rowan.edu/smarthinking. Available subjects include: Business, Computers & Technology, Math & Statistics, Reading, Science, Spanish.
• Last Updated: Aug 2, 2024 8:25 AM
• URL: https://libguides.rowan.edu/LaTex

Formatting a Research Paper Using LaTeX in Overleaf

Introduction: Formatting a Research Paper Using LaTeX in Overleaf

Welcome to a guide suitable for novice or expierienced users on formatting a research paper using LaTeX. LaTeX is a typesetting language that gives users vast control on how they format their papers. Through these instructions you will find a clear and direct guide that will allow easy navigation through Overleaf and Latex.

Estimated time: 15-30 minutes depending on your familiarity with LaTeX. 

Materials: 

Access to Overleaf

Step 1: Optional Background Information

For a better understanding of LaTeX and Overleaf, consider following the link below for a thirty-minute tutorial on the basics of LaTeX.

https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Learn_LaTeX_in_30_minutes  

Step 2: Open Overleaf

Open Overleaf, sign in, and press create a blank document. Above is what you should see.

Step 3: Change the Document Class and Import User Packages

Change the document class and import the following user packages shown below: 

\usepackage{multirow} %allowed  

\usepackage{listings} % allowed  

\usepackage{amssymb} % allowed  

\usepackage{natbib} % allowed  

\usepackage{graphicx} % allowed  

\usepackage{dirtytalk} % allowed   

To the right of your code is what your document should look like so far after compiling. 

Step 4: Include Author Information

Below the \author{} line, write the following lines to include additional details about the author: 

\affiliation{%  

 \institution{University}  

 \streetaddress{123 Street}  

 \city{Chicago, IL}  

 \country{USA}  

Replace the information inside the curly brackets with the information of your author. If you would like to include another author replicate this step again. If you would like to include your authors contact information, such as their email, under the affiliation block, write: 

\email{[email protected]}  

You can delete the \date{February 2024} line. Above is what your document should look like after compiling. 

Step 5: Add Abstract

Below the \begin{document} block you can begin writing your abstract block by writing: 

\begin{abstract}  

On the line below, begin writing your abstract. After you finish writing your abstract, write \end{abstract} on the line below. 

Above is what your document should look like after compiling.

Step 6: Add Keywords

Below the abstract block begin adding the keywords section by writing 

\keywords{keyword, keyword2}  

Replace the words inside the curly brackets with your keywords. Above is what your document should look like after compiling. 

Step 7: Add Sections

Below the \maketitle section begin adding additional sections by using the \section{} command. Put your section title in between the curly brackets. You should already have an introduction section added, but for a research paper, I recommend adding a Related Work, Methodology, Results, and Conclusion section. After each section you can write the content you have for each section. 

Above is what your document should look like after compiling. 

Step 8: Add Subsections

To create subsections, use the \subsection{} command directly below the relevant \section{} line. Add the title of your subsection in between the curly brackets. 

Step 9: Troubleshooting

It is very important to pay attention to case sensitivity. It is also important not to confuse \ with / in your document. Avoiding these syntax error will help your code run smoothly.  

Congratulations! You have begun to format a research paper using LaTeX. Your document should look similar to the picture above, with your title, authors information, abtract, sections, and subsections neatly organized. You can now begin to further customize your document for your specific purpose. 

Minimalist LaTeX Template for Academic Papers

The template produces an academic paper with LaTeX . The paper adheres to typographical best practices and has a minimalist design. The template is particularly well suited for research papers. It is designed so papers are comfortable to read and easy to scan, both in print and on screen.

• LaTeX template for academic papers
• Research paper produced by the template
• Online appendix produced by the template
• The font for text, roman math, and numbers is Source Serif Pro.
• The font for monospaced text (including URLs) is Source Code Pro.
• The font for Greek and calligraphic math is Euler.
• The font for blackboard bold is Fourier.
• The font for mathematical symbols is MnSymbol.
• No colors are used in the text (only black) to reduce distraction and so the paper prints well; colors are reserved for figures.
• Margins, spacing, and font size are set for comfortable reading.
• Headings and captions are designed so the paper is easy to scan.
• Formatting is specified for theorems, propositions, lemmas, definitions, assumptions, corollaries, and remarks.
• Formatting is specified for figures and tables.
• Formatting is specified for appendix and a separate online appendix.
• Formatting is specified for references.
• All labels are set to make cross-referencing easy.

Text font #

The font determines the appearance and readability of the entire paper, so choosing a good font is key. Following Butterick’s advice , the template uses Source Serif Pro for the text.

Source Serif Pro is a serif font—a typical choice for long-form writing. Source Serif Pro is not part of typical paper templates (unlike Times New Roman or Palatino), so it has a new, fresh feel. And since Source Serif Pro was designed in the last decade, it also has a modern feel.

Moreover, the Source Pro family includes a nice monospaced font: Source Code Pro . The template uses Source Code Pro as monospaced font—giving the monospaced text and regular text a similar look. The monospaced font is used in particular to typeset URLs.

Another advantage of Source Serif Pro is that there is a sans-serif font in the Source Pro family: Source Sans Pro . This presentation template uses Source Sans Pro, which gives presentations and papers produced by the two templates a similar look.

Math fonts #

LaTeX uses one font for text and other fonts for math. For consistency, the template sticks with Source Serif Pro for roman math . It also uses Source Serif Pro for all the digits in math and basic punctuation (such as . , ? , % , ; , and , ), so very basic mathematical expressions look the same in math and text. For example, the commands 3.5\% and $3.5\%$ produce the same results.

Greek letters #

For the Greek letters in math, the template uses the Euler font . These Greek letters look good, have the same thickness and height as the text letters, and are distinctive. For consistency, neither uppercase nor lowercase Greek letters are italicized.

All the standard Greek letters are available. A few variants are available as well: \varepsilon , \varpi , \varphi , and \vartheta . The variants \varrho , \varsigma , and \varkappa are not available with the Euler font.

Calligraphic letters #

The template also uses the Euler font for calligraphic letters in math. These calligraphic letters fit well with the other fonts and are very readable. The calligraphic letters are produced with the \mathcal{} command.

Blackboard-bold letters #

The template uses the Fourier font as blackboard-bold font. It is cleaner than the default blackboard-bold font as it does not have serif. And it is slightly thicker than the default font so it matches well with Source Serif Pro and the Euler letters. The blackboard-bold letters are produced with the \mathbb{} command.

Bold characters #

In the template, it is possible to bold any mathematical character (except blackboard-bold letters). This can be done using the \bm{} command in math.

Mathematical symbols #

Finally, the template use the MnSymbol font for the symbols used in math mode. The default Computer Modern symbols are too light and thin in comparison to the Source Serif Pro and Euler letters, and as a result do not mix well with them. The advantage of the MnSymbol font is that its symbols are thicker, so they mix better with the letters. The symbols are also less curly, which gives them a more modern feel. 1

Font size #

The font size is 11pt, as recommended by Butterick . It is easily readable but not too big. (This is also the font size that Donald Knuth chose as default for TeX articles.)

Line spacing #

The line spacing is 150% of the point size. This is in line with Butterick’s advice . Such spacing avoids that the text is too cramped or too spread out, and makes readings more comfortable.

Text margins #

The left and right margins are 1.3 inch. With such margins, there are always 85–90 characters per line, just as Butterick recommends . Longer lines are harder to read. The top margin is 1 inch, which is standard. The bottom margin is 1.2 inch so the text appears centered in the page .

Color scheme #

As Butterick says , it is better to use color with restraint. A lot of colors, especially bright ones, is distracting. Furthermore, many colors are hard to read when they are printed in black and white. To reduce distraction, and to have a paper that prints well, the template only uses the color black for text. In particular hyperlinks—to sections, references, equations, figures, tables, results, and footnotes—are not colored.

The typical, bright boxes surrounding hyperlinks should be avoided as they are distracting without adding any information. At this point everyone knows that LaTeX documents include such hyperlinks.

Title page #

The template’s title page contains all the required information: title, authors, date, abstract, affiliations, and acknowledgements. It is otherwise pretty minimalist. There are no “thanks” symbols, no “abstract” title, no indentation, no page numbers. These elements are common in papers, but they do not convey any useful information, so the template gets rid of them.

The title is bold, centered, and with a 24pt font size. Authors and date are centered and 12pt. The abstract is 11pt. Affiliations and acknowledgements are 9pt, just like the footnotes in the text.

An URL for the paper can be placed at the bottom of the title page by adding the command \available{URL} to the preamble of the document. Such URL allows readers to go easily to the latest version of the paper. With an optional argument, the command indicates where the paper has been published: \available[Journal]{URL} places both the journal name and URL at the bottom of the title page. The URL and journal name are displayed in small font (9pt) and gray so they are not too obtrusive.

The template’s headings follow Butterick’s advice . Section headings are a bit larger than the text (12pt) and bold. Section headings are centered to clearly separate sections. Subsection headings are bold. And paragraph headings are in italic, so they are noticeable but not too prominent. These headings are produced with the usual commands: \section{} , \subsection{} , and \paragraph{} .

The template does not tailor formatting for subsubsections and smaller headings. Such small headings are a sign that the paper’s organization is too messy, and should be avoided.

Theorems and other results #

As is standard, the text of theorems is in italic—providing subtle emphasis. The theorem label is in small caps—again providing subtle emphasis.

For consistency, propositions, lemmas, assumptions, definitions, and so on, are formatted just like theorems. The template comes with the following predefined environments:

• Theorems: \begin{theorem} ... \end{theorem}
• Propositions: \begin{proposition} ... \end{proposition}
• Lemmas: \begin{lemma} ... \end{lemma}
• Corollaries: \begin{corollary} ... \end{corollary}
• Definitions: \begin{definition} ... \end{definition}
• Assumptions: \begin{assumption} ... \end{assumption}
• Remarks: \begin{remark} ... \end{remark}

A figure should be placed at the top of the page where it is first mentioned—not in the middle of the page, and especially not at the end of the paper. Figure panels are centered by default. The figure label is in small caps—just like the theorem label. The figure caption is placed bellow the figure. An advantage of avoiding colors in the text is that the colors in figures stand out.

The figure environment is set up so it is easy to reference a figure (figure 1) or directly a panel in a figure (figure 1A).

With the command \note{Text} , it is easy to enter a note below the figure caption with details about the figure and sources. The note’s font size is 9pt, just like footnotes.

The code for a basic figure with one panel is the following:

The code for a figure with two panels is the following:

Finally, the code for a figure with six panels is the following:

With the above code, a specific panel in a figure can be referenced with figure \ref{1} , which produces figure 1A, and the entire figure can be referenced with figure \ref{7} , which produces figure 1. A panel can also be referenced without mentioning the figure: panel \subref{1} produces panel A.

A table should be placed at the top of the page where it is first mentioned—not in the middle of the page, and especially not at the end of the paper. Tables are centered by default. The table label is in small caps—just like the figure label. The table caption is placed above the table, as usual. Top and bottom table lines are thicker to clearly demarcate the table. The text in the table has a font size of 9pt. The text is spaced vertically to be easily readable (spacing is insufficient in standard tables).

The command \note{Text} can also be used to enter a note below the table, to provide details about the table and sources.

The code for a basic table is the following:

The code for a more sophisticated table with panels is the following:

Itemized and numbered list are customized to fit well with the surrounding text. The text after the items is aligned with indented text (the start of a paragraph). All items (bullet points and numbers) are grey so as not to be too prominent. All extra vertical spacing is removed so spacing between list lines is exactly the same as spacing between lines of text.

Citations and references #

The format of citations and references follow the guidelines from the Chicago Manual of Style , which are followed by most scientific journals in the US.

The reference list has a font size of 10pt, with the same spacing as the text. Each individual reference is indented for emphasis.

All standard citation commands are usable in the template:

• Textual citation: \citet{NameYear} gives Name (Year)
• Textual citation with details: \citet[p. 120]{NameYear} gives Name (Year, p. 120)
• Parenthetical citation: \citep{NameYear} gives (Name Year)
• Parenthetical citation with details: \citep[chapter 4]{NameYear} gives (Name Year, chapter 4)
• Author citation: \citeauthor{NameYear} gives Name
• Year citation: \citeyear{NameYear} gives Year

The template makes it easy to add an appendix at the end of the paper. The appendix starts with the command \appendix . The formatting of the appendix strictly follows that of the main text.

All the appendix sections are clearly marked Appendix and are numbered as Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C, and so on. The appendix subsections are also numbered (for instance, A.1, A.2, B.1, B.2) so they can be referred to.

All labels in the appendix start with an A , so it is clear that they point to some material in the appendix: for instance, corollary A1, figure A2, table A3, or equation (A10). All counters are reset at the beginning of the appendix (tables, figures, equations, and theorems) so all the labels start at A1, A2, and so on.

Online appendix #

Once a research paper gets published, the appendix must often be transformed into an online appendix. To help with this task, the repository also includes a template for online appendices. In the appendix template, the abstract is replaced by a table of contents. In addition, all the labels from the main text (equation numbers, figure and table numbers, theorem numbers, section numbers) continue to be usable in the online appendix. So the cross-references from main text to appendix are not broken even though the appendix is now in a separate file. This requires the following :

• appendix.tex is in the same folder as paper.tex .
• paper.tex is compiled first.
• The auxiliary file paper.aux is available when appendix.tex is compiled.

Submission to arXiv #

The template is perfectly compatible with arXiv . In particular, the template works with the TeXLive 2023 distribution, which is the LaTeX distribution currently used by arXiv .

A paper based on the template can be submitted to arXiv in just three steps once it has been compiled with pdfTeX:

• Adjust the preamble of the source file paper.tex : on line 3, replace \bibliographystyle{bibliography} by \pdfoutput=1 . The \bibliographystyle{bibliography} command is not needed because arXiv produces the bibliography directly from the paper.bbl file. The \pdfoutput=1 is required because the paper is compiled with pdfTeX .
• Collect the required files into a folder. There should be four files: the source file paper.tex , the bibliography file paper.bbl , the style file paper.sty , and the figure file figures.pdf .
• Zip the folder and upload the zipped file to arXiv.

The MnSymbol package is incompatible with the amssymb package. So it is not possible to load amssymb with the template. Neither should it be required since MnSymbol provides a vast collection of symbols.  ↩︎

AAAI Press Formatting Instructions for Authors Using L a T e X — A Guide

AAAI creates proceedings, working notes, and technical reports directly from electronic source furnished by the authors. To ensure that all papers in the publication have a uniform appearance, authors must adhere to the following instructions.

Introduction

Congratulations on having a paper selected for inclusion in an AAAI Press proceedings or technical report! This document details the requirements necessary to get your accepted paper published using PDF L a T e X . If you are using Microsoft Word, instructions are provided in a different document. AAAI Press does not support any other formatting software.

The instructions herein are provided as a general guide for experienced L a T e X users. If you do not know how to use L a T e X , please obtain assistance locally. AAAI cannot provide you with support and the accompanying style files are not guaranteed to work. If the results you obtain are not in accordance with the specifications you received, you must correct your source file to achieve the correct result.

These instructions are generic. Consequently, they do not include specific dates, page charges, and so forth. Please consult your specific written conference instructions for details regarding your submission. Please review the entire document for specific instructions that might apply to your particular situation. All authors must comply with the following:

You must use the 2024 AAAI Press L a T e X style file and the aaai24.bst bibliography style files, which are located in the 2024 AAAI Author Kit (aaai24.sty, aaai24.bst).

You must complete, sign, and return by the deadline the AAAI copyright form (unless directed by AAAI Press to use the AAAI Distribution License instead).

You must read and format your paper source and PDF according to the formatting instructions for authors.

You must submit your electronic files and abstract using our electronic submission form on time.

You must pay any required page or formatting charges to AAAI Press so that they are received by the deadline.

You must check your paper before submitting it, ensuring that it compiles without error, and complies with the guidelines found in the AAAI Author Kit.

All papers submitted for publication by AAAI Press must be accompanied by a valid signed copyright form. They must also contain the AAAI copyright notice at the bottom of the first page of the paper. There are no exceptions to these requirements. If you fail to provide us with a signed copyright form or disable the copyright notice, we will be unable to publish your paper. There are no exceptions to this policy. You will find a PDF version of the AAAI copyright form in the AAAI AuthorKit. Please see the specific instructions for your conference for submission details.

Formatting Requirements in Brief

We need source and PDF files that can be used in a variety of ways and can be output on a variety of devices. The design and appearance of the paper is strictly governed by the aaai style file (aaai24.sty). You must not make any changes to the aaai style file, nor use any commands, packages, style files, or macros within your own paper that alter that design, including, but not limited to spacing, floats, margins, fonts, font size, and appearance. AAAI imposes requirements on your source and PDF files that must be followed. Most of these requirements are based on our efforts to standardize conference manuscript properties and layout. All papers submitted to AAAI for publication will be recompiled for standardization purposes. Consequently, every paper submission must comply with the following requirements:

Your .tex file must compile in PDF L a T e X — (you may not include .ps or .eps figure files.)

All fonts must be embedded in the PDF file — including your figures.

Modifications to the style file, whether directly or via commands in your document may not ever be made, most especially when made in an effort to avoid extra page charges or make your paper fit in a specific number of pages.

No type 3 fonts may be used (even in illustrations).

You may not alter the spacing above and below captions, figures, headings, and subheadings.

You may not alter the font sizes of text elements, footnotes, heading elements, captions, or title information (for references and mathematics, please see the limited exceptions provided herein).

You may not alter the line spacing of text.

Your title must follow Title Case capitalization rules (not sentence case).

L a T e X documents must use the Times or Nimbus font package (you may not use Computer Modern for the text of your paper).

No L a T e X 209 documents may be used or submitted.

Your source must not require use of fonts for non-Roman alphabets within the text itself. If your paper includes symbols in other languages (such as, but not limited to, Arabic, Chinese, Hebrew, Japanese, Thai, Russian and other Cyrillic languages), you must restrict their use to bit-mapped figures. Fonts that require non-English language support (CID and Identity-H) must be converted to outlines or 300 dpi bitmap or removed from the document (even if they are in a graphics file embedded in the document).

Two-column format in AAAI style is required for all papers.

The paper size for final submission must be US letter without exception.

The source file must exactly match the PDF.

The document margins may not be exceeded (no overfull boxes).

The number of pages and the file size must be as specified for your event.

No document may be password protected.

Neither the PDFs nor the source may contain any embedded links or bookmarks (no hyperref or navigator packages).

Your source and PDF must not have any page numbers, footers, or headers (no pagestyle commands).

Your PDF must be compatible with Acrobat 5 or higher.

Your L a T e X source file (excluding references) must consist of a single file (use of the “input” command is not allowed.

Your graphics must be sized appropriately outside of L a T e X (do not use the “clip” or “trim” command) .

If you do not follow these requirements, your paper will be returned to you to correct the deficiencies.

What Files to Submit

You must submit the following items to ensure that your paper is published:

A fully-compliant PDF file.

Your L a T e X source file submitted as a single .tex file (do not use the “input” command to include sections of your paper — every section must be in the single source file). (The only allowable exception is .bib file, which should be included separately).

The bibliography (.bib) file(s).

Your source must compile on our system, which includes only standard L a T e X 2020 TeXLive support files.

Only the graphics files used in compiling paper.

The L a T e X -generated files (e.g. .aux, .bbl file, PDF, etc.).

Your L a T e X source will be reviewed and recompiled on our system (if it does not compile, your paper will be returned to you. Do not submit your source in multiple text files. Your single L a T e X source file must include all your text, your bibliography (formatted using aaai24.bst), and any custom macros.

Your files should work without any supporting files (other than the program itself) on any computer with a standard L a T e X distribution.

Do not send files that are not actually used in the paper. Avoid including any files not needed for compiling your paper, including, for example, this instructions file, unused graphics files, style files, additional material sent for the purpose of the paper review, intermediate build files and so forth. Obsolete style files. The commands for some common packages (such as some used for algorithms), may have changed. Please be certain that you are not compiling your paper using old or obsolete style files.

Final Archive. Place your source files in a single archive which should be compressed using .zip. The final file size may not exceed 10 MB. Name your source file with the last (family) name of the first author, even if that is not you.

Using L a T e X to Format Your Paper

The latest version of the AAAI style file is available on AAAI’s website. Download this file and place it in the T e X  search path. Placing it in the same directory as the paper should also work. You must download the latest version of the complete AAAI Author Kit so that you will have the latest instruction set and style file.

Document Preamble

In the L a T e X source for your paper, you must place the following lines as shown in the example in this subsection. This command set-up is for three authors. Add or subtract author and address lines as necessary, and uncomment the portions that apply to you. In most instances, this is all you need to do to format your paper in the Times font. The helvet package will cause Helvetica to be used for sans serif. These files are part of the PSNFSS2e package, which is freely available from many Internet sites (and is often part of a standard installation).

Leave the setcounter for section number depth commented out and set at 0 unless you want to add section numbers to your paper. If you do add section numbers, you must uncomment this line and change the number to 1 (for section numbers), or 2 (for section and subsection numbers). The style file will not work properly with numbering of subsubsections, so do not use a number higher than 2.

The Following Must Appear in Your Preamble

\documentclass[letterpaper]{article} % DO NOT CHANGE THIS \usepackage[submission]{aaai24} % DO NOT CHANGE THIS \usepackage{times} % DO NOT CHANGE THIS \usepackage{helvet} % DO NOT CHANGE THIS \usepackage{courier} % DO NOT CHANGE THIS \usepackage[hyphens]{url} % DO NOT CHANGE THIS \usepackage{graphicx} % DO NOT CHANGE THIS \urlstyle{rm} % DO NOT CHANGE THIS \def\UrlFont{\rm} % DO NOT CHANGE THIS \usepackage{graphicx} % DO NOT CHANGE THIS \usepackage{natbib} % DO NOT CHANGE THIS \usepackage{caption} % DO NOT CHANGE THIS \frenchspacing % DO NOT CHANGE THIS \setlength{\pdfpagewidth}{8.5in} % DO NOT CHANGE THIS \setlength{\pdfpageheight}{11in} % DO NOT CHANGE THIS % % Keep the \pdfinfo as shown here. There’s no need % for you to add the /Title and /Author tags. \pdfinfo{ /TemplateVersion (2024.1) }

Preparing Your Paper

After the preamble above, you should prepare your paper as follows:

\begin{document} \maketitle \begin{abstract} %... \end{abstract}

You should then continue with the body of your paper. Your paper must conclude with the references, which should be inserted as follows:

% References and End of Paper % These lines must be placed at the end of your paper \bibliography{Bibliography-File} \end{document}

\begin{document}\\ \maketitle\\ ...\\ \bibliography{Bibliography-File}\\ \end{document}\\

Commands and Packages That May Not Be Used

There are a number of packages, commands, scripts, and macros that are incompatable with aaai24.sty. The common ones are listed in tables 1 and 2 . Generally, if a command, package, script, or macro alters floats, margins, fonts, sizing, linespacing, or the presentation of the references and citations, it is unacceptable. Note that negative vskip and vspace may not be used except in certain rare occurances, and may never be used around tables, figures, captions, sections, subsections, subsubsections, or references.

Page Breaks

For your final camera ready copy, you must not use any page break commands. References must flow directly after the text without breaks. Note that some conferences require references to be on a separate page during the review process. AAAI Press, however, does not require this condition for the final paper.

Paper Size, Margins, and Column Width

Papers must be formatted to print in two-column format on 8.5 x 11 inch US letter-sized paper. The margins must be exactly as follows:

Top margin: .75 inches

Left margin: .75 inches

Right margin: .75 inches

Bottom margin: 1.25 inches

The default paper size in most installations of L a T e X is A4. However, because we require that your electronic paper be formatted in US letter size, the preamble we have provided includes commands that alter the default to US letter size. Please note that using any other package to alter page size (such as, but not limited to the Geometry package) will result in your final paper being returned to you for correction.

Column Width and Margins.

To ensure maximum readability, your paper must include two columns. Each column should be 3.3 inches wide (slightly more than 3.25 inches), with a .375 inch (.952 cm) gutter of white space between the two columns. The aaai24.sty file will automatically create these columns for you.

Overlength Papers

If your paper is too long and you resort to formatting tricks to make it fit, it is quite likely that it will be returned to you. The best way to retain readability if the paper is overlength is to cut text, figures, or tables. There are a few acceptable ways to reduce paper size that don’t affect readability. First, turn on \frenchspacing, which will reduce the space after periods. Next, move all your figures and tables to the top of the page. Consider removing less important portions of a figure. If you use \centering instead of \begin{center} in your figure environment, you can also buy some space. For mathematical environments, you may reduce fontsize but not below 6.5 point .

Commands that alter page layout are forbidden. These include \columnsep, \float, \topmargin, \topskip, \textheight, \textwidth, \oddsidemargin, and \evensizemargin (this list is not exhaustive). If you alter page layout, you will be required to pay the page fee. Other commands that are questionable and may cause your paper to be rejected include \parindent, and \parskip. Commands that alter the space between sections are forbidden. The title sec package is not allowed. Regardless of the above, if your paper is obviously “squeezed” it is not going to to be accepted. Options for reducing the length of a paper include reducing the size of your graphics, cutting text, or paying the extra page charge (if it is offered).

Type Font and Size

Your paper must be formatted in Times Roman or Nimbus. We will not accept papers formatted using Computer Modern or Palatino or some other font as the text or heading typeface. Sans serif, when used, should be Courier. Use Symbol or Lucida or Computer Modern for mathematics only.

Do not use type 3 fonts for any portion of your paper, including graphics. Type 3 bitmapped fonts are designed for fixed resolution printers. Most print at 300 dpi even if the printer resolution is 1200 dpi or higher. They also often cause high resolution imagesetter devices to crash. Consequently, AAAI will not accept electronic files containing obsolete type 3 fonts. Files containing those fonts (even in graphics) will be rejected. (Authors using blackboard symbols must avoid packages that use type 3 fonts.)

Fortunately, there are effective workarounds that will prevent your file from embedding type 3 bitmapped fonts. The easiest workaround is to use the required times, helvet, and courier packages with L a T e X 2e. (Note that papers formatted in this way will still use Computer Modern for the mathematics. To make the math look good, you’ll either have to use Symbol or Lucida, or you will need to install type 1 Computer Modern fonts — for more on these fonts, see the section “Obtaining Type 1 Computer Modern.”)

If you are unsure if your paper contains type 3 fonts, view the PDF in Acrobat Reader. The Properties/Fonts window will display the font name, font type, and encoding properties of all the fonts in the document. If you are unsure if your graphics contain type 3 fonts (and they are PostScript or encapsulated PostScript documents), create PDF versions of them, and consult the properties window in Acrobat Reader.

The default size for your type must be ten-point with twelve-point leading (line spacing). Start all pages (except the first) directly under the top margin. (See the next section for instructions on formatting the title page.) Indent ten points when beginning a new paragraph, unless the paragraph begins directly below a heading or subheading.

Obtaining Type 1 Computer Modern for L a T e X .

If you use Computer Modern for the mathematics in your paper (you cannot use it for the text) you may need to download type 1 Computer fonts. They are available without charge from the American Mathematical Society: http://www.ams.org/tex/type1-fonts.html.

Nonroman Fonts.

If your paper includes symbols in other languages (such as, but not limited to, Arabic, Chinese, Hebrew, Japanese, Thai, Russian and other Cyrillic languages), you must restrict their use to bit-mapped figures.

Title and Authors

Your title must appear centered over both text columns in sixteen-point bold type (twenty-four point leading). The title must be written in Title Case according to the Chicago Manual of Style rules. The rules are a bit involved, but in general verbs (including short verbs like be, is, using, and go), nouns, adverbs, adjectives, and pronouns should be capitalized, (including both words in hyphenated terms), while articles, conjunctions, and prepositions are lower case unless they directly follow a colon or long dash. You can use the online tool https://titlecaseconverter.com/ to double-check the proper capitalization (select the ”Chicago” style and mark the ”Show explanations” checkbox).

Author’s names should appear below the title of the paper, centered in twelve-point type (with fifteen point leading), along with affiliation(s) and complete address(es) (including electronic mail address if available) in nine-point roman type (the twelve point leading). You should begin the two-column format when you come to the abstract.

Formatting Author Information.

Author information has to be set according to the following specification depending if you have one or more than one affiliation. You may not use a table nor may you employ the \authorblk.sty package. For one or several authors from the same institution, please separate them with commas and write all affiliation directly below (one affiliation per line) using the macros \author and \affiliations:

\author{ Author 1, ..., Author n\\ } \affiliations { Address line\\ ... \\ Address line\\ }

For authors from different institutions, use \textsuperscript {\rm x } to match authors and affiliations. Notice that there should not be any spaces between the author name (or comma following it) and the superscript.

\author{ AuthorOne,\equalcontrib\textsuperscript{\rm 1,\rm2} AuthorTwo,\equalcontrib\textsuperscript{\rm 2} AuthorThree,\textsuperscript{\rm 3}\\ AuthorFour,\textsuperscript{\rm 4} AuthorFive \textsuperscript{\rm 5}} } \affiliations { \textsuperscript{\rm 1}AffiliationOne,\\ \textsuperscript{\rm 2}AffiliationTwo,\\ \textsuperscript{\rm 3}AffiliationThree,\\ \textsuperscript{\rm 4}AffiliationFour,\\ \textsuperscript{\rm 5}AffiliationFive\\ \{email, email\}@affiliation.com, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] }

You can indicate that some authors contributed equally using the \equalcontrib command. This will add a marker after the author names and a footnote on the first page.

Note that you may want to break the author list for better visualization. You can achieve this using a simple line break (\\).

L a T e X Copyright Notice

The copyright notice automatically appears if you use aaai24.sty. It has been hardcoded and may not be disabled.

Any credits to a sponsoring agency should appear in the acknowledgments section, unless the agency requires different placement. If it is necessary to include this information on the front page, use \thanks in either the \author or \title commands. For example:

\title{Very Important Results in AI\thanks{This work is supported by everybody.}}

Multiple \thanks commands can be given. Each will result in a separate footnote indication in the author or title with the corresponding text at the botton of the first column of the document. Note that the \thanks command is fragile. You will need to use \protect.

Please do not include \pubnote commands in your document.

Follow the example commands in this document for creation of your abstract. The command \begin{abstract} will automatically indent the text block. Please do not indent it further. Do not include references in your abstract!

Page Numbers

Do not print any page numbers on your paper. The use of \pagestyle is forbidden.

The main body of the paper must be formatted in black, ten-point Times Roman with twelve-point leading (line spacing). You may not reduce font size or the linespacing. Commands that alter font size or line spacing (including, but not limited to baselinestretch, baselineshift, linespread, and others) are expressly forbidden. In addition, you may not use color in the text.

Citations within the text should include the author’s last name and year, for example (Newell 1980). Append lower-case letters to the year in cases of ambiguity. Multiple authors should be treated as follows: (Feigenbaum and Engelmore 1988) or (Ford, Hayes, and Glymour 1992). In the case of four or more authors, list only the first author, followed by et al. (Ford et al. 1997).

Long quotations and extracts should be indented ten points from the left and right margins.

This is an example of an extract or quotation. Note the indent on both sides. Quotation marks are not necessary if you offset the text in a block like this, and properly identify and cite the quotation in the text.

Use footnotes judiciously, taking into account that they interrupt the reading of the text. When required, they should be consecutively numbered throughout with superscript Arabic numbers. Footnotes should appear at the bottom of the page, separated from the text by a blank line space and a thin, half-point rule.

Headings and Sections

When necessary, headings should be used to separate major sections of your paper. Remember, you are writing a short paper, not a lengthy book! An overabundance of headings will tend to make your paper look more like an outline than a paper. The aaai24.sty package will create headings for you. Do not alter their size nor their spacing above or below.

Section Numbers.

The use of section numbers in AAAI Press papers is optional. To use section numbers in L a T e X , uncomment the setcounter line in your document preamble and change the 0 to a 1. Section numbers should not be used in short poster papers and/or extended abstracts.

Section Headings.

Sections should be arranged and headed as follows:

Main content sections

Appendices (optional)

Ethical Statement (optional, unnumbered)

Acknowledgements (optional, unnumbered)

References (unnumbered)

Appendices.

Any appendices must appear after the main content. If your main sections are numbered, appendix sections must use letters instead of arabic numerals. In L a T e X you can use the \appendix command to achieve this effect and then use \section{Heading} normally for your appendix sections.

Ethical Statement.

You can write a statement about the potential ethical impact of your work, including its broad societal implications, both positive and negative. If included, such statement must be written in an unnumbered section titled Ethical Statement .

Acknowledgments.

The acknowledgments section, if included, appears right before the references and is headed “Acknowledgments”. It must not be numbered even if other sections are (use \section*{Acknowledgements} in L a T e X ). This section includes acknowledgments of help from associates and colleagues, credits to sponsoring agencies, financial support, and permission to publish. Please acknowledge other contributors, grant support, and so forth, in this section. Do not put acknowledgments in a footnote on the first page. If your grant agency requires acknowledgment of the grant on page 1, limit the footnote to the required statement, and put the remaining acknowledgments at the back. Please try to limit acknowledgments to no more than three sentences.

References.

The references section should be labeled “References” and must appear at the very end of the paper (don’t end the paper with references, and then put a figure by itself on the last page). A sample list of references is given later on in these instructions. Please use a consistent format for references. Poorly prepared or sloppy references reflect badly on the quality of your paper and your research. Please prepare complete and accurate citations.

Illustrations and Figures

Your paper must compile in PDF L a T e X . Consequently, all your figures must be .jpg, .png, or .pdf. You may not use the .gif (the resolution is too low), .ps, or .eps file format for your figures.

Figures, drawings, tables, and photographs should be placed throughout the paper on the page (or the subsequent page) where they are first discussed. Do not group them together at the end of the paper. If placed at the top of the paper, illustrations may run across both columns. Figures must not invade the top, bottom, or side margin areas. Figures must be inserted using the \usepackage{graphicx}. Number figures sequentially, for example, figure 1, and so on. Do not use minipage to group figures.

If you normally create your figures using pgfplots, please create the figures first, and then import them as pdfs with proper bounding boxes, as the bounding and trim boxes created by pfgplots are fragile and not valid.

When you include your figures, you must crop them outside of L a T e X . The command \includegraphics*[clip=true, viewport 0 0 10 10]… might result in a PDF that looks great, but the image is not really cropped. The full image can reappear (and obscure whatever it is overlapping) when page numbers are applied or color space is standardized. Figures 1 , and 2 display some unwanted results that often occur.

If your paper includes illustrations that are not compatible with PDF T e X (such as .eps or .ps documents), you will need to convert them. The epstopdf package will usually work for eps files. You will need to convert your ps files to PDF in either case.

Figure Captions.

The illustration number and caption must appear under the illustration. Labels and other text with the actual illustration must be at least nine-point type. However, the font and size of figure captions must be 10 point roman. Do not make them smaller, bold, or italic. (Individual words may be italicized if the context requires differentiation.)

Tables should be presented in 10 point roman type. If necessary, they may be altered to 9 point type. You may not use any commands that further reduce point size below nine points. Tables that do not fit in a single column must be placed across double columns. If your table won’t fit within the margins even when spanning both columns, you must split it. Do not use minipage to group tables.

Table Captions.

The number and caption for your table must appear under (not above) the table. Additionally, the font and size of table captions must be 10 point roman and must be placed beneath the figure. Do not make them smaller, bold, or italic. (Individual words may be italicized if the context requires differentiation.)

Low-Resolution Bitmaps.

You may not use low-resolution (such as 72 dpi) screen-dumps and GIF files—these files contain so few pixels that they are always blurry, and illegible when printed. If they are color, they will become an indecipherable mess when converted to black and white. This is always the case with gif files, which should never be used. The resolution of screen dumps can be increased by reducing the print size of the original file while retaining the same number of pixels. You can also enlarge files by manipulating them in software such as PhotoShop. Your figures should be 300 dpi when incorporated into your document.

L a T e X Overflow.

L a T e X users please beware: L a T e X will sometimes put portions of the figure or table or an equation in the margin. If this happens, you need to make the figure or table span both columns. If absolutely necessary, you may reduce the figure, or reformat the equation, or reconfigure the table. Check your log file! You must fix any overflow into the margin (that means no overfull boxes in L a T e X ). Nothing is permitted to intrude into the margin or gutter.

Using Color.

Use of color is restricted to figures only. It must be WACG 2.0 compliant. (That is, the contrast ratio must be greater than 4.5:1 no matter the font size.) It must be CMYK, NOT RGB. It may never be used for any portion of the text of your paper. The archival version of your paper will be printed in black and white and grayscale. The web version must be readable by persons with disabilities. Consequently, because conversion to grayscale can cause undesirable effects (red changes to black, yellow can disappear, and so forth), we strongly suggest you avoid placing color figures in your document. If you do include color figures, you must (1) use the CMYK (not RGB) colorspace and (2) be mindful of readers who may happen to have trouble distinguishing colors. Your paper must be decipherable without using color for distinction.

We suggest you use computer drawing software (such as Adobe Illustrator or, (if unavoidable), the drawing tools in Microsoft Word) to create your illustrations. Do not use Microsoft Publisher. These illustrations will look best if all line widths are uniform (half- to two-point in size), and you do not create labels over shaded areas. Shading should be 133 lines per inch if possible. Use Times Roman or Helvetica for all figure call-outs. Do not use hairline width lines — be sure that the stroke width of all lines is at least .5 pt. Zero point lines will print on a laser printer, but will completely disappear on the high-resolution devices used by our printers.

Photographs and Images.

Photographs and other images should be in grayscale (color photographs will not reproduce well; for example, red tones will reproduce as black, yellow may turn to white, and so forth) and set to a minimum of 300 dpi. Do not prescreen images.

Resizing Graphics.

Resize your graphics before you include them with LaTeX. You may not use trim or clip options as part of your \includegraphics command. Resize the media box of your PDF using a graphics program instead.

Fonts in Your Illustrations.

You must embed all fonts in your graphics before including them in your LaTeX document.

Algorithms.

Algorithms and/or programs are a special kind of figures. Like all illustrations, they should appear floated to the top (preferably) or bottom of the page. However, their caption should appear in the header, left-justified and enclosed between horizontal lines, as shown in Algorithm  1 . The algorithm body should be terminated with another horizontal line. It is up to the authors to decide whether to show line numbers or not, how to format comments, etc.

In L a T e X algorithms may be typeset using the algorithm and algorithmic packages, but you can also use one of the many other packages for the task.

Input : Your algorithm’s input Parameter : Optional list of parameters Output : Your algorithm’s output

Listings are much like algorithms and programs. They should also appear floated to the top (preferably) or bottom of the page. Listing captions should appear in the header, left-justified and enclosed between horizontal lines as shown in Listing  1 . Terminate the body with another horizontal line and avoid any background color. Line numbers, if included, must appear within the text column.

The AAAI style includes a set of definitions for use in formatting references with BibTeX. These definitions make the bibliography style fairly close to the ones specified in the Reference Examples appendix below. To use these definitions, you also need the BibTeX style file “aaai24.bst,” available in the AAAI Author Kit on the AAAI web site. Then, at the end of your paper but before \enddocument, you need to put the following lines:

\bibliography{bibfile1,bibfile2,…}

Please note that the aaai24.sty class already sets the bibliographystyle for you, so you do not have to place any \bibliographystyle command in the document yourselves. The aaai24.sty file is incompatible with the hyperref and navigator packages. If you use either, your references will be garbled and your paper will be returned to you.

References may be the same size as surrounding text. However, in this section (only), you may reduce the size to \small if your paper exceeds the allowable number of pages. Making it any smaller than 9 point with 10 point linespacing, however, is not allowed. A more precise and exact method of reducing the size of your references minimally is by means of the following command:

\fontsize{9.8pt}{10.8pt} \selectfont

You must reduce the size equally for both font size and line spacing, and may not reduce the size beyond {9.0pt}{10.0pt}.

The list of files in the \bibliography command should be the names of your BibTeX source files (that is, the .bib files referenced in your paper).

The following commands are available for your use in citing references:

\cite: Cites the given reference(s) with a full citation. This appears as “(Author Year)” for one reference, or “(Author Year; Author Year)” for multiple references. \shortcite: Cites the given reference(s) with just the year. This appears as “(Year)” for one reference, or “(Year; Year)” for multiple references. \citeauthor: Cites the given reference(s) with just the author name(s) and no parentheses. \citeyear: Cites the given reference(s) with just the date(s) and no parentheses.

You may also use any of the natbib citation commands.

Proofreading Your PDF

Please check all the pages of your PDF file. The most commonly forgotten element is the acknowledgements — especially the correct grant number. Authors also commonly forget to add the metadata to the source, use the wrong reference style file, or don’t follow the capitalization rules or comma placement for their author-title information properly. A final common problem is text (expecially equations) that runs into the margin. You will need to fix these common errors before submitting your file.

Improperly Formatted Files

In the past, AAAI has corrected improperly formatted files submitted by the authors. Unfortunately, this has become an increasingly burdensome expense that we can no longer absorb). Consequently, if your file is improperly formatted, it will be returned to you for correction.

Naming Your Electronic File

We require that you name your L a T e X source file with the last name (family name) of the first author so that it can easily be differentiated from other submissions. Complete file-naming instructions will be provided to you in the submission instructions.

Submitting Your Electronic Files to AAAI

Instructions on paper submittal will be provided to you in your acceptance letter.

If you have any questions about the preparation or submission of your paper as instructed in this document, please contact AAAI Press at the address given below. If you have technical questions about implementation of the aaai style file, please contact an expert at your site. We do not provide technical support for L a T e X or any other software package. To avoid problems, please keep your paper simple, and do not incorporate complicated macros and style files.

AAAI Press 1900 Embarcadero Road, Suite 101 Palo Alto, California 94303-3310 USA Telephone: (650) 328-3123 E-mail: See the submission instructions for your particular conference or event.

Additional Resources

L a T e X is a difficult program to master. If you’ve used that software, and this document didn’t help or some items were not explained clearly, we recommend you read Michael Shell’s excellent document (testflow doc.txt V1.0a 2002/08/13) about obtaining correct PS/PDF output on L a T e X systems. (It was written for another purpose, but it has general application as well). It is available at www.ctan.org in the tex-archive.

Appendix A Reference Examples

* Formatted bibliographies should look like the following examples. You should use BibTeX to generate the references. Missing fields are unacceptable when compiling references, and usually indicate that you are using the wrong type of entry (BibTeX class).

Book with multiple authors 

Use the @book class. \bibentry em:86.

Journal and magazine articles 

Use the @article class. \bibentry r:80. \bibentry hcr:83.

Proceedings paper published by a society, press or publisher 

Use the @inproceedings class. You may abbreviate the booktitle field, but make sure that the conference edition is clear. \bibentry c:84. \bibentry c:83.

University technical report 

Use the @techreport class. \bibentry r:86.

Dissertation or thesis 

Use the @phdthesis class. \bibentry c:79.

Forthcoming publication 

Use the @misc class with a note="Forthcoming" annotation.

@misc(key, [...] note="Forthcoming", )

ArXiv paper 

Fetch the BibTeX entry from the ”Export Bibtex Citation” link in the arXiv website. Notice it uses the @misc class instead of the @article one, and that it includes the eprint and archivePrefix keys.

@misc(key, [...] eprint="xxxx.yyyy", archivePrefix="arXiv", )

Website or online resource 

Use the @misc class. Add the url in the howpublished field and the date of access in the note field:

@misc(key, [...] howpublished="\url{http://...}", note="Accessed: YYYY-mm-dd", )

For the most up to date version of the AAAI reference style, please consult the AI Magazine Author Guidelines at https://aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/about/submissions#authorGuidelines

Appendix B Acknowledgments

AAAI is especially grateful to Peter Patel Schneider for his work in implementing the original aaai.sty file, liberally using the ideas of other style hackers, including Barbara Beeton. We also acknowledge with thanks the work of George Ferguson for his guide to using the style and BibTeX files — which has been incorporated into this document — and Hans Guesgen, who provided several timely modifications, as well as the many others who have, from time to time, sent in suggestions on improvements to the AAAI style. We are especially grateful to Francisco Cruz, Marc Pujol-Gonzalez, and Mico Loretan for the improvements to the Bib T e X and L a T e X files made in 2020.

The preparation of the L a T e X and Bib T e X files that implement these instructions was supported by Schlumberger Palo Alto Research, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, The Live Oak Press, LLC, and AAAI Press. Bibliography style changes were added by Sunil Issar. \ pubnote was added by J. Scott Penberthy. George Ferguson added support for printing the AAAI copyright slug. Additional changes to aaai24.sty and aaai24.bst have been made by Francisco Cruz, Marc Pujol-Gonzalez, and Mico Loretan.

Thank you for reading these instructions carefully. We look forward to receiving your electronic files!

Use LaTeX templates to write scientific papers

As researchers, we have to write and publish scientific papers to let the world know about our work. The process of preparing a scientific paper can be enjoyable, but it can also be arduous.

Different journals and publishers have different requirements about how we should format our submission. The title page should include certain items, the headers should be bold and italic, references should be formatted in this style, etc. The Instructions to Authors of many journals are long and overwhelming, which may deter potential authors.

When I was a PhD student, I found it strange that journals had so many Instructions on how to prepare a manuscript, but never provided a downloadable template as a .doc or .docx. If I had a template with [Insert title here] , [Insert Abstract here; 400 words] , etc, where the various elements were already formatted correctly, I could focus on writing my paper and not on formatting my paper. Moreover, editors and reviewers would likely have an easier time of dealing with submissions that were more uniform in their style.

Fear not! Many journals and publishers have LaTeX templates that can be downloaded and used in just this way. While these LaTeX files may seem a little intimidating if you have never opened up a .tex file before, most are fairly straightforward and actually include key points from the Instructions to Authors as dummy text in the article or as comments.

Example: writing a paper for a PLOS journal

How do we find LaTeX templates? As is often the case, Google is your friend.

A simple Google search reveals that there is a LaTeX template for all of the PLOS journals. You can download the plos-latex-template.zip file, which contains three files:

• plos_latex_template.tex : This is the file you would open in your text or LaTeX editor to write your paper.
• plos_latex_template.pdf : This is the PDF file generated from the current text entered in the plos_latex_template.tex file.
• plos2015.bst : This is the file that LaTeX will use to appropriately format the references in your paper. References, managing references, and formatting references are a huge topic and will be the focus of one or more future posts.

A copy of these files is also available here .

The title and author section of the first page of plos_latex_template.pdf looks like this:

As you can see it looks very professional and complies with the journal format.

If you open up the plos_latex_template.tex file, there are approximately 70 lines of comments and instructions on how to prepare your article. If you are new to LaTeX, many of these instructions will seem like gibberish. But don’t worry, this won’t stop you from drafting your first article. With a little bit of patience, and possibly reading our series of LaTeX blog posts, you will soon be able to make sense of these instructions.

The actual document starts on line 175. Below we can see the part of the LaTeX document that relates to the title and author section from the PDF document:

While some of the LaTeX commands might seem intimidating at first, you can safely ignore them. Simply replace the dummy text with your own text. For example, if I wanted to write the title of my paper, I would enter the following:

As you can see, I simply entered the title of my paper “ScientificallySound as a resource for scientists” between the curly brackets. Also, I followed the instructions provided in the document, which tell me that I should use “sentence case”. Speaking of these instructions, note that text that follows a percentage sign (i.e. %) is a comment in LaTeX. Comments do not appear in the final PDF.

Special symbols and characters.

If the percentage sign is used to start comments in LaTeX documents, how do we obtain a percentage sign in our final PDF document? In this case, you would put a back slash in front of it, for example 25\% . This tells LaTeX that you want a percentage sign in your text, not start a comment.

This convention may seem overly complex, especially if you are not used to computer programming. It does take a little time to get use to, but soon enough it will become automatic.

What about other special characters? We will address some of these in a future post, but the easiest thing is to Google your question. Also, many modern LaTeX editors such as Texmaker , Lyx and Texstudio have look-up tools similar to the special character look-up in Microsoft Word. You look up the symbol or character you want, click on it and the correspond LaTeX command gets inserted into your text.

Templates for other journal and publishers

Many publishers provide LaTeX templates. For example:

Some journals offer their own templates, and researchers who have created templates that adhere to the Instructions to Authors for a given journal often make these files freely available. For example:

Given that many journals now accept a generically formatted PDF for a first submission, it is possible to use a generic article template to prepare your paper.

• generic article
• short article
• various article formats

Lastly, there are online services that let researchers prepare LaTeX articles in the cloud. These services, such as Overleaf and authorea , provide hundreds of templates. Importantly, using these services means you don’t need LaTeX installed on your computer. Depending on the service and whether or not your institution has an agreement or contract with the service, you may be able to collaborate simultaneously with other authors, regardless of where they are located in the world. Moreover, you can leave comments, track changes, retain a history of your changes, and integrate version control software such as git and github . Given the benefits of such services, they will be the focus of an upcoming post.

LaTeX templates can save you lots of time.

However, there is more to writing a paper in LaTeX then simply downloading a template and filling in the required bits. How do you generate the pretty PDF? How do you get references and figures into the document? How do I share these files with my co-authors? These are all important questions, and we will be deal with them in the next few blog posts.

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Getting Started with LaTeX

• Installation
• Creating a document
• A sample document
• Library Workshop Files

Introduction

Below is the LaTeX code and the PDF output for a simple sample document.  First you will see a readable version of the code followed by the LaTeX PDF output.  At the bottom of the you will find a easy to copy version of the code if you would like to play around with and compile it on your computer. 

Easy to read code

Compiled code

Copyable text

% This is a simple sample document.  For more complicated documents take a look in the exercise tab. Note that everything that comes after a % symbol is treated as comment and ignored when the code is compiled.

\documentclass{article} % \documentclass{} is the first command in any LaTeX code.  It is used to define what kind of document you are creating such as an article or a book, and begins the document preamble

\usepackage{amsmath} % \usepackage is a command that allows you to add functionality to your LaTeX code

\title{Simple Sample} % Sets article title \author{My Name} % Sets authors name \date{\today} % Sets date for date compiled

% The preamble ends with the command \begin{document} \begin{document} % All begin commands must be paired with an end command somewhere     \maketitle % creates title using information in preamble (title, author, date)          \section{Hello World!} % creates a section          \textbf{Hello World!} Today I am learning \LaTeX. %notice how the command will end at the first non-alphabet charecter such as the . after \LaTeX      \LaTeX{} is a great program for writing math. I can write in line math such as $a^2+b^2=c^2$ %$ tells LaTexX to compile as math      . I can also give equations their own space:      \begin{equation} % Creates an equation environment and is compiled as math     \gamma^2+\theta^2=\omega^2     \end{equation}     If I do not leave any blank lines \LaTeX{} will continue  this text without making it into a new paragraph.  Notice how there was no indentation in the text after equation (1).       Also notice how even though I hit enter after that sentence and here $\downarrow$      \LaTeX{} formats the sentence without any break.  Also   look  how      it   doesn't     matter          how    many  spaces     I put     between       my    words.          For a new paragraph I can leave a blank space in my code. 

\end{document} % This is the end of the document

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Minimalist LaTeX template for academic papers

pmichaillat/latex-paper

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Minimalist latex template for academic papers.

This repository contains a LaTeX template to create an academic paper. The template carefully follows typographical best practices and has a minimalist design. The template is particularly well suited for research papers. It is designed so papers are comfortable to read and easy to scan, both in print and on screen.

Documentation

The template is documented at https://pascalmichaillat.org/d2/ .

Illustrations

• The paper produced by the template can be viewed at https://pascalmichaillat.org/d2.pdf .
• The online appendix produced by the template can be viewed at https://pascalmichaillat.org/d2a.pdf .
• Clone the repository to your local machine.
• Start editing the LaTeX file paper.tex to replace the boilerplate content with the content of your paper.
• Replace the figures in the PDF file figures.pdf with the figures that will be included in the paper. There should be one figure per page.
• Replace the references in the BibTeX file bibliography.bib with the references that will be included in the paper.
• Compile paper.tex with pdfTeX. This will generate a PDF file of your paper named paper.pdf .
• The LaTeX style file paper.sty collects all the commands to format the paper. The file must be included in the same folder as paper.tex . It can be modified to alter the paper's format.
• The BibTeX style file bibliography.bst collects all the commands to format the bibliography. It must be included in the same folder as paper.tex . It can be modified to alter the bibliography's format. This style file is based on econ.bst , which was created by Shiro Takeda and is available on GitHub .
• The file paper.pdf is not required to use the template. It only illustrate the output of the template. It will be overridden once paper.tex is compiled.

Online appendix

The repository also includes files to produce an online appendix—in case the paper's appendix must be carved out into a separate, online appendix upon publication. An online appendix can be produced as follows:

• Start editing the LaTeX file appendix.tex to replace the boilerplate content with the content of your online appendix.
• The file appendix.tex is in the same folder as paper.tex .
• The file paper.tex is compiled first.
• The auxiliary file paper.aux is available when appendix.tex is compiled.
• Compile appendix.tex with pdfTeX. This will generate a PDF file of your appendix named appendix.pdf .
• The LaTeX style file appendix.sty collects additional commands to format the online appendix. It must be included in the same folder as appendix.tex . It can be modified to alter the format of the online appendix. It works in conjunction with paper.sty , which must be included in the same folder.
• The file appendix.pdf is not required to use the template. It only illustrate the output of the template, and will be overridden once appendix.tex is compiled.

Submission to arXiv

The template is perfectly compatible with arXiv . A paper based on the template can be submitted to arXiv in just three steps once it has been compiled with pdfTeX:

• Adjust the preamble of the source file paper.tex : on line 3, replace \bibliographystyle{bibliography} by \pdfoutput=1 . The \bibliographystyle{bibliography} command is not needed because arXiv produces the bibliography directly from the paper.bbl file. The \pdfoutput=1 is required because the paper is compiled with pdfTeX.
• Collect the required files into a folder. There should be four files: the source file paper.tex , the bibliography file paper.bbl , the style file paper.sty , and the figure file figures.pdf .
• Zip the folder and upload the zipped file to arXiv.

The arXiv folder illustrates how the template should be prepared for submission to arXiv. The folder contains the four required files: paper.tex , paper.bbl , paper.sty , and figures.pdf . Furthermore, the preamble of paper.tex is adjusted appropriately. After being zipped, the folder could be uploaded to arXiv and would compile properly.

The template was developed, tested, and validated on a Mac with the MacTeX-2023 distribution.

While the template should also work on other operating systems and with other LaTeX distributions, compatibility cannot be guaranteed. Users on Windows or Linux systems, or those using different LaTeX distributions, may need to make minor adjustments. Please report any compatibility issues or bugs you encounter to help improve cross-platform support.

The content of this repository is licensed under the terms of the MIT License.

Real-world implementations

• u* = √uv ( source code )
• Moen Meets Rotemberg: An Earthly Model of the Divine Coincidence ( source code )
• Modeling the Displacement of Native Workers by Immigrants ( source code )
• Critical Values Robust to P-hacking ( source code )

Related resources

• LaTeX template for academic presentations – This template produces academic presentations following the same principles, and with a similar appearance, as this paper template.
• LaTeX commands to write math – These commands make it easy to write mathematical expressions. They can be used in combination with this paper template.

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two column article templates

I have been looking on tex.stackexchange and Googling but I can't find a decent two column template.

Does anyone know of site or have a template for a two column article style tex file?

That has a bibliography portion as well?

• 2 What do you consider "decent"? –  Gonzalo Medina Commented Apr 24, 2013 at 1:22
• 1 The IEEE has the IEEEtran document class. You can see a sample document in the IEEEtran_HOWTO document. Some scientific journals provide their own tailored templates. –  Gonzalo Medina Commented Apr 24, 2013 at 1:58
• 1 (If I remember correctly, you use Ubuntu.) You can easily add a class to your personal tree. Copy/move, say, res.cls to ~/texmf/tex/latex/res/ (you can create this folder with mkdir -p ~/texmf/tex/latex/res ). As soon as you move it there, you should be able to find it with: kpsewhich res.cls , even without running mktexslr . If it can't be found, you have an unusual problem with your system, and should ask for help. –  jon Commented Apr 24, 2013 at 2:21
• 1 Once it has been copied to where I suggested, kpsewhich res.cs should return /home/<dustin>/texmf/tex/latex/res/res.cls (assuming you are logged in as 'dustin'). If it does, that means the class file should be as usable as any other regular class file. –  jon Commented Apr 24, 2013 at 3:23
• 2 No. If you put it there, you still want to follow the TDS structure and put it in /usr/local/.../texmf/tex/latex/res/ (best make the directory too while you're at it) as it is a LaTeX thing. But what is the advantage? It is easier to access and keep track of your local texmf , and there is less danger of manually installed classes and style files getting overwritten by system updates (which is probably not a serious concern, but still). –  jon Commented Apr 24, 2013 at 4:15

2 Answers 2

In www.latextemplates.com there are 3 nice general LaTeX templates for articles. One of these made with the scrartcl class have this layout:

Another good source is www.sharelatex.com . Among the 76 articles templates for submission to scientific journals or proceedings, several have a two column format. You can download or open and compile in ShareLaTeX.

In any case, as most code of article templates are interchangeable between the standard article class and others general article class (as paper , scrartcl , artikel , etc.) as well as in specific journal class (as svjour3 , etc.) you can experiment easily with most classes with the same template replacing the first line (that is, change \docummentclass{article} by \docummentclass{paper} but search in each case in the documentation for specific options to add/remove for each class (for example, paper class have a \smalltableofcontents that you cannot use in the article class, but \tableofcontents work in any class).

• The specific URL for the given example above is the Wenneker style article template . –  nilon Commented Jun 24 at 19:02

I'm new to LaTeX and I've spent a few days searching for two-column article templates and tried out the ones mentioned in the main answer and a dozen others. I hit various issues and finally landed on this clean and simple template that I think also answers this question (which is the top tex stackexchange search result for "two column") and many newbies like me will find useful (screenshot below):

Screenshot:

As noted in detail in the last line of the file, to process the inline bib file, the general procedure is to run pdflatex multiple times and bibtex after the first run. For example:

To reduce the margins:

• You are loading hyperref too early. –  Johannes_B Commented Jan 5, 2019 at 7:46
• @Johannes_B Interesting, can you explain more why that's an issue and how to fix it? –  freeradical Commented Jan 5, 2019 at 8:28
• Load the package at the end of the preamble. There are only a few exceptions, hyperref should be loaded last. –  Johannes_B Commented Jan 5, 2019 at 9:48
• @Johannes_B Thanks, so just to confirm, you're saying that \usepackage{hyperref} and \hypersetup[...] should always be loaded right before \begin{document} ? –  freeradical Commented Jan 5, 2019 at 16:45
• 1 Not always. But there are only very few exceptions. –  Johannes_B Commented Jan 5, 2019 at 23:41

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Templates — Project / Lab Report

Templates tagged Project / Lab Report

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If you conduct a scientific experiment or undertake a piece of research, you’ll usually need to write up a corresponding project or lab report, to summarize the objective of your task, the methods you followed, the results you obtained, and the conclusions you drew from your work. Here we provide a sample of great templates for producing such reports, which include layout guidelines to help guide you through the process.

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