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Indian Space Program Essay | Essay on Indian Space Program for Students and Children in English

February 14, 2024 by Prasanna

Indian Space Program Essay:  All Indian Space Programs are conducted under the authority of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). With the glorious motto of ‘Space technology in the service of humankind,’ ISRO was established on 15th August 1969.

The legacy of ISRO began from the year 1975 when they launched the satellite Aryabhata that is named after the famous Indian astronomer and inventor of zero. ISRO is one of the six government space organizations in the world that possess full launch capabilities, operate large fleets of artificial satellites, deploy cryogenic engines, and launch extraterrestrial missions.

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Long and Short Essays on Indian Space Program for Students and Kids in English

We are providing students with a long essay of 500 words and a short essay of 150 words on the topic Indian Space Program for reference.

Long Essay on Indian Space Program 500 Words in English

Long Essay on Indian Space Program is usually given to classes 7, 8, 9, and 10.

The dawn of the Indian Space Program began in 1962 with the establishment of INCOSPAR (Indian National Committee for Space Research). In 1972, the space program was formalized with the constitution of DOS (Department of Space) and the Space Commission. This was done to formulate and implement the policies related to space research and space technology in the country.

The nodal agency for coordinating Research and Development activities related to space science and technology is the Space Commission. And DOS is the executive wing of this Space Commission that operates through major national organizations like ISRO, NRSA, PRL, NMRF, NE-SAC, etc. DOS also helps educational institutions by sponsoring projects related to space research.

In 1969, the government of India, for the purpose of rapid development in the department of space technology and its application, established ISRO. The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) was set up by Dr.Vikram Sarabhai at Ahmadabad as him in the chairman position, and the organization was headquartered in Bengaluru (then called Bangalore).

Dr.Vikram Sarabhai, as the chairman of the apex body, helped in forming guidelines, formulated policies, and monitored the implementation of all national space policies. ISRO has an objective directed towards the self-reliant use of space technology and data for the development of India.

ISRO has helped the nation in the fields of mass communication and education after successful satellite launches. ISRO also aims at monitoring the survey and management of national natural resources by using remote sensing technology, meteorological forecasting, and environmental monitoring. The Indian Space Programs included the development and launches of several indigenous satellites, launch vehicles, space orbiters, and rockets.

Other than ISRO, some Indian space research organizations are the following:

Space Applications Centre: SAC is the organization located in Ahmedabad that engages in the development of payloads for satellite communication, remote sensing, and meteorology. Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre: VSSC is the head organization for the development and launch of various satellite and satellite vehicles and similarly related space technology. VSSC is located at Thiruvananthapuram of India. Liquid Propulsion System Centre: The lead organization in India for developing liquid and cryogenic propulsion for satellites and launch vehicles is the LPSC.

Besides the research and development sectors of the Indian Space Program, the company that looks over the commercial marketing of space-related products and services is called the Antrix Corporation. The Antrix Corporation is an entirely government-owned company that was established in 1992.

Some of the major achievements of Indian Space Programs are the successful launch and operation of several satellites and satellite vehicles, like the AstroSat, Mangalyaan, Chandrayaan 1 & 2, PSLV, GSLV, etc. It is good to see that the government has invested a lot in Indian Space Programs in the past two decades. The Indian Space Program has come a long way, and there are miles to go before it can establish India as the best in space science and technology in the whole world.

Short Essay on Indian Space Program 150 Words in English

Short Essay on Indian Space Program is usually given to classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

India has emerged to become a big name in the world regarding the fast progress in the fields of space-related research and development. The Indian Space Program encompasses research and development in astrophysics, atmospheric sciences, astronomy, theoretical physics, planetary and earth sciences, etc.

It can be said that the Indian Space program started its legacy with the launch of its first space satellite named Aryabhatta on 19th April 1975. Soon after the first satellite launch, India didn’t delay launching its second satellite named Bhaskara on 7th June of 1979. India has also left a landmark in the history of space science and technology by launching Chandrayaan for its moon mission.

All this progress in the field of space research began with the great visionary scientist Dr.Vikram Sarabhai. And this is why Dr.Sarabhai is called the Father of the Indian Space Program. Indian Space Programs aim to promote the development of space science applications and technology for the benefit of the country’s socio-economical conditions.

10 Lines on Indian Space Program in English

• Under the Department of Space Government of India, the space agency is the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO).
• ISRO has headquarters in the city of Bengaluru in Karnataka, India.
• Jawaharlal Nehru established the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) in 1972 under the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE).
• ISRO has a vision of harnessing space technology for the development of the country and pursuing space science research and planetary explorations.
• The founding Father of the Indian Space Program was Dr.Vikram Sarabhai, under who the space research activities were initiated during the 1960s.
• Under the leadership of Dr.Ramnathan and Dr.Sarabhai, the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) was initiated.
• The Indian National Satellite (INSAT) System, established in 1983, along with the commission of INSAT-1B, is one of the largest domestic communication satellite systems in the region of Asia-Pacific.
• The first lunar orbiter sent by ISRO on 22nd October of 2008 was the Chandrayaan-1.
• ISRO set a world record on 15th February of 2017, when they launched one hundred and four satellites in a single rocket named PSLV-C37.
• Future plans of the Indian Space Program include the development of a unified launch vehicle, reusable launch vehicle, small satellite launch vehicle, human spaceflight, solar spacecraft mission, etc.

FAQ’s on Indian Space Program Essay

Question 1.  Does ISRO have a marketing arm?

Answer:  The marketing arm of ISRO is the Antrix Corporation Limited (ACL) that is responsible for the promotion, transfer of technology, and commercial exploitation of space products and services.

Question 2.  What are the three distinct elements of the Indian Space Program?

Answer:  The Indian Space Program had three distinct elements since its inception, such as the space transportation system, satellites for communication and remote sensing, and application programs.

Question 3.  How do the data from the satellites launched by the ISRO helpful for the country?

Answer:  The data collected by the satellites help several sectors of the country like agriculture, disaster management, urban planning, rural development, water resources, mineral prospecting, etc.

Question 4.  What is some recent news regarding upcoming ISRO missions?

Answer:  The Indian government in 2018 had announced an allocation of 100 billion rupees for the first human-crewed space mission set to be launched by the year 2022. However, a test launch was scheduled to take place in December of 2020, which now may be delayed because of the global pandemic.

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Why does India want to be a space power? Chandrayaan-3 and the politics of India’s space programme

With its chandrayaan-3 mission, india has become the fourth nation to land on the moon. dimitrios stroikos has been exploring the complexities around the international politics of space, with a specific focus on china and india as rising powers, and the connections between power, technology and modernity. he sets out how india’s space programme has developed, and why its latest mission is largely a reflection of its great power aspirations..

On 14 July 2023, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched a rocket from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota in southern India that sent India’s third lunar exploration mission, Chandrayaan-3 , consisting of a propulsion module, a lander and a rover. The lander touched down on the surface of the moon on 23 August 2023, making India the fourth country in the world, after the United States, the Soviet Union and China, to carry out a soft landing on the moon.

According to ISRO , the three main goals of the mission were: 1) achieving a soft landing on the lunar surface; 2) realising rover roving on the lunar terrain; and 3) carrying out in-situ experiments.

After landing near the south pole region, Chandrayaan-3’s lander deployed a rover to perform in-situ analysis of the lunar surface. As outlined by ISRO, the lander and the rover have scientific payloads to explore the lunar surface, collect data and perform various experiments. From a scientific point of view, such a mission is important because the south pole region remains underexplored, and thus has the potential for scientific discoveries . For example, it is believed that this region of the moon might contain deposits of ice water. The possibility of the presence of ice water on the moon has already attracted the interest of other space agencies and private companies, especially since the extraction and use of water from the moon could support the feasibility of prolonged lunar missions and serve as a potential stepping stone towards Mars and other missions venturing deeper in space.

But while the possibilities of such discoveries hold great potential for whichever nation makes them and can contribute to the advancement of scientific knowledge, as we shall see, scientific research is just one of the reasons driving India’s vigorous space endeavour.

Science alone is not usually sufficient to explain such activities. Broader political considerations and strategic dynamics may be equally or even more important drivers behind India’s forays in space and the Chandrayaan programme in particular.

More specifically, Chandrayaan-3 is not India’s first attempt at soft landing on the moon. It is essentially a follow-up mission to Chandrayaan-2 , which was launched in July 2019 and was designed to explore the lunar surface near the south pole. Chandrayaan-2 consisted of an orbiter, a lander and a rover, but it was considered a partial success . Although the lander was successfully separated from the orbiter, due to a communication breakdown it had a hard landing  500 metres from the designated site on the lunar surface in September 2019. However, since 2019 the orbiter has continued to operate successfully, providing valuable data about the moon, and it will also support the latest mission.

Chandrayaan-3 also comes roughly 15 years after India’s first lunar exploration mission, Chandrayaan-1 , which was launched in October 2008 with the goal of mapping the lunar surface. Apart from five Indian payloads, the spacecraft carried instruments from NASA, British, German and Swedish research institutes (through the European Space Agency), and Bulgaria. As such, the mission was also an example of international scientific cooperation. Eventually, Chandrayaan-1 encountered technical hurdles when ISRO lost communication with the spacecraft and the mission had to end prematurely. Still, it was considered a remarkable success, not least because data gathered from one of the NASA instruments carried on the Chandrayaan-1 mission found clear evidence of water molecules on the moon.

The international politics of outer space

Chris Alden and Dimitrios Stroikos explore the complexities around the international politics of space, addressing topics such as: the challenges underpinning the international politics of space, state and non-state engagement in space activities.

Explaining Chandrayaan and India’s space programme

Despite the fact that India has one of the world’s oldest space programmes, established in the early 1960s, the focus has been on the use of space for socio-economic development . To this end, priority was given to the development of space applications, such as communications, remote sending and meteorology, that could provide tangible practical benefits tailored to the needs of a developing and large country. This developmental rationale has been associated with the vision of Dr Vikram Sarabhai , who is considered the ‘‘father’’ of India’s space programme and was one of the most influential and respected scientists in post-independence India. Although Sarabhai was a keen supporter of the use of space technology as a way of leapfrogging some of the stages of social and economic development, he was famously against highly visible space stunts for the sake of prestige and news headlines that offered little in economic and social terms.

It was against this backdrop that Chandrayaan-1, India’s first ever space exploration mission, signalled a shift towards highly visible space projects, which seemed to be at odds with India’s traditional developmental rationale. Further reflecting this reorientation of India’s space effort, in addition to the Chandrayaan lunar programme, other notable examples include the 2013 Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) , also called Mangalyaan , and plans for India’s first human spaceflight mission, the Gaganyaan programme , which is targeted to be launched within the next few years.

As far as India is concerned, the recent focus on space exploration can largely be seen as a response to China’s emergence as a great space power.

The China factor and the quest for great power status in space

What explains this change in India’s space programme? To be sure, the potential scientific benefits of lunar missions can be significant. What is more, I have long argued that scientific internationalism has been a key feature of space activities from the beginning of the Space Age. However, science alone is not usually sufficient to explain such activities. Broader political considerations and strategic dynamics may be equally or even more important drivers behind India’s forays in space and the Chandrayaan programme in particular.

A number of observations are worth making here. First, it is useful to recognise from the outset that international imperatives have rendered space a complex domain of international relations amid a surge of interest in the use of space for military, civilian and commercial purposes. As far as India is concerned, the recent focus on space exploration can largely be seen as a response to China’s emergence as a great space power , manifested not only in a series of remarkable Chinese space achievements, but also in the ways in which Beijing uses its space programme as a foreign policy and diplomacy tool . While India’s competition with China in space increasingly involves a military component , high-profile exploration projects are part of the contest for leadership , influence and soft power in Asia, contributing to the notion of an Asian space race .

Highly visible technoscientific projects serve as markers of power, status and modernity, a practice rooted in the 19th century.

Second, and related to the previous point, underlying India’s interest in lunar exploration is its great power aspirations . Highly visible technoscientific projects serve as markers of power, status and modernity, a practice rooted in the 19th century when technoscientific advancement emerged as a standard of “civilisation” demarcating the “society of civilised states” from non-European societies through a “techno-scientific orientalist” discourse. In this way, the space programme can be understood as a powerful symbol of postcolonial India’s modernity, statehood, and national prestige . From this perspective, the pursuit of the Chandrayaan lunar programme is part of India’s effort to climb up the ladder to the top tier of the hierarchical global space order and have a bigger “seat at the table’’ of space affairs.

Domestic influences

The role of domestic politics should also be acknowledged. For example, India’s space programme is an important source of national pride and prestige, and thus Indian leaders, including the current Prime Minister Narendra Modi, are keen to leverage the country's achievements in space to bolster the legitimacy of their governments whenever an opportunity arises. At the same time, powerful institutions, such as ISRO, have their own organisational and bureaucratic interests that compel them to push for highly visible projects to gain political approval. Finally, apart from foreign policy and military spin-offs due to the inherent dual-use nature of space technology, Chandrayaan-3 will help to inculcate and attract young talent in space science and showcase India’s vigorous private space sector , as this is the first time that ISRO has partnered in a major mission with the private space industry.

Consequently, and given the technical problems experienced by India's previous lunar mission, the stakes for Chandrayaan-3 could not be higher. Regardless of the outcome of Chandrayaan-3, however, the success of India’s lunar programme hinges on more than simply scientific gains, encompassing broader political and strategic considerations that will continue to animate India’s space ambitions.

" International Relations and Outer Space " by Dr Dimitrios Stroikos is published by the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies. 

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LSE Fellow, Department of International Relations, LSE

Dr Dimitrios Stroikos is an LSE Fellow in the Department of International Relations at LSE and Head of the Space Policy Programme at LSE IDEAS. He is also the Editor-in-chief of Space Policy: an International Journal, hosted by LSE IDEAS.

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Essay on ISRO

500 words essay on isro.

ISRO, the Indian Space Research Organization, is India’s national space agency that is located in the city of Bengaluru. Furthermore, the Department of Space Government of India controls the ISRO space agency. Let us learn more about this space agency with this essay on ISRO.

                                                                                                                                 Essay On Isro

About the ISRO Space Agency

The formation of ISRO took place in the year 1969. Furthermore, the vision behind the establishment of ISRO was to develop and harness space technology in national development. Moreover, this development and harnessing of space technology were to take place while pursuing space science research and planetary exploration.

ISRO is the successor of the Indian National Committee for Space Research whose establishment took place in the year 1962. ISRO now enjoys the reputation of being among the elite space agencies in the world.

As of now, ISRO is the primary Indian agency to perform activities related to the development of new technologies, space exploration, and space-based applications. Moreover, ISRO is among the only six government agencies that operate large fleets of artificial satellites, deploys cryogenic engines, undertakes extraterrestrial missions, and has full launch capabilities.

Throughout many years, ISRO incorporates space service for the benefit of the common man as well as the nation. Moreover, the maintenance of one of the largest fleets of communication satellites and remote sensing satellites takes place by ISRO. They serve the roles of fast and reliable communication as well as Earth observation.

Achievements of ISRO

The first Indian satellite that was built by ISRO was Aryabhata, whose launching took place on April 19 th , 1975. Furthermore, 1980 was another important year for ISRO because the launching of the Rohini satellite took place. Moreover, the successful placing of Rohini in the orbit took place by SLV-3.

In the year 2014 January, ISRO made use of an indigenously built cryogenic engine for GSLV-D5. Also, this was the launch of the GSAT-14 satellite . Most noteworthy, this made India one of the only six countries to develop a cryogenic technology.

Apart from technological capabilities, a lot of contribution has taken place by ISRO in the field of science. Furthermore, ISRO is in charge of its own Lunar and interplanetary missions. Moreover, ISRO controls various specific projects for the promotion of science education, and also to provide data to the scientific community.

The development of two rockets has taken place by ISRO, which are the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV). Moreover, ISRO sent Chandrayaan-1, a lunar orbiter, on October 22nd 2008, which made the spectacular discovery of lunar water in ice form.

The Mars Orbiter Mission was sent by ISRO on November 5th 2013, which made its entry into the orbit of Mars on September 24th 2014, thereby making India successful with its attempt to Mars.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Conclusion of the Essay on ISRO

There is no doubt that ISRO is really the pride of India. Furthermore, it has boosted the reputation of India in the world as a nation of scientific thought and development. Hopefully, ISRO will continue on its noble mission of space and technological exploration in the future.

FAQs For Essay on ISRO

Question 1: Mention some of the activities of ISRO?

Answer 1: Some of the activities of ISRO are the operation of large fleets of artificial satellites, deployment of cryogenic engines, undertaking extraterrestrial missions, and full launching capabilities.

Question 2: Mention any two satellites launched by ISRO?

Answer 2: Two satellites launched by ISRO are Aryabhata and Rohini. Furthermore, Aryabhata was the first Indian satellite that was built by ISRO. Moreover, Rohini was the first satellite whose placing took place in the orbit by SLV-3.

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5 most successful space missions from India

Credit: Isro

India's first lunar probe, Chandrayaan-1, successfully mapped the Moon's surface, confirming the presence of water molecules.

Chandrayaan-1 (2008)

Mangalyaan was India's first interplanetary mission. It provided valuable data on Martian surface and atmosphere and demonstrated India's cost-effective space technology.

Mangalyaan (2013)

Although its lander failed to achieve a soft landing, the orbiter of Chandrayaan-2 continues to provide high-resolution images and valuable data on the Moon's surface, furthering India's lunar exploration efforts.

Chandrayaan-2 (2019)

Chandrayaan-3 made history by becoming first spacecraft to land near Moon's south polar region. It made India fourth country in the world to land on the Moon.  Vikram still remains on Shiv Shakti Point.

Chandrayaan-3 (2023)

Set to be India's first human spaceflight mission, Gaganyaan aims to send Indian astronauts to low Earth orbit. The mission represents a significant leap in India's human space exploration capabilities

India’s Space Exploration Affairs Essay

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Ever since the early 1960s when the first manned space mission was successfully accomplished, space exploration has become easier nowadays. Even though much has been achieved in space exploration since then, humans’ desire for further outer space experimentation has never ceased. Currently, a visit on Mars is the central focus of modern space exploration, and this would come after a couple of successful space explorations that would see man step on the moon a few decades ago. So far, several countries such as Russia, the US, and the European Union have successfully managed to send people to Mars (Burke, 2013).

Despite the scientific and technological achievements associated with space exploration, this experience has brought a lot of national pride and fame for the three nations. India is likely to be the next country to join in this glory, following the launch of their first spacecraft to Mars on November 13, 2013. Even though the success of this exploration will earn India a lot of fame, the mission can never be justified, considering the diverse issues surrounding the country’s population that should have come first.

Space exploration has become a key area of concern for modern scientists and this is evident from the many attempts being undertaken in the world today to explore every bit of the outer space. The history of space exploration dates backs over 70 years when several experimental rocket launches were conducted time after time by the Soviet Union (Siddiqi, 2003). This came as a result of man’s big desire to travel to space and get to explore the outer space environment. This riddle, however, appeared to get an answer when the Soviet Union successfully managed to send two satellites into space in 1957.

This achievement resulted into the space race and this would, in turn help to facilitate the revolution in space exploration. With the rampant advancement in modern technology, space exploration is becoming easier and safer nowadays. This explains the reason why it is possible for any country to assume that it can easily embark on outer space explorations. However, such space explorations are usually costly and are only fit for developed nations, but not for a country like India which is struggling to feed its population.

India is a country with a long history of poverty. According to recent reports, even though poverty levels in the country have significantly declined over the years, there are still hundreds of millions of Indians who are languishing in adept poverty today. These high levels of poverty have continued to impose an oppressive weight on the citizens, especially in the rural India where over 70 percent of the country’s poor live. India is said to have the highest concentration of poor people living below the poverty line in the world (Gupta, 2008). This however, has been a major barrier to economic opportunities in the country.

This clearly explains why India has lagged behind other Asian countries in matters involving economic development. Even though India has tried to apply some effective interventions that have helped to improve its ailing economy, there is still an opportunity for the country to reexamine its approach to deal with poverty. In this regard, I believe it would have made much sense if the $72 million allocated for the space program was used to improve the living standards of the Indians, rather than being used for a pride-seeking experiment that will never help the citizens in any way.

Apart from the issues of poverty and hunger in India where over 40 percent of children are said to be malnourished, the country is also associated with a failing infrastructure in almost all sectors. Some key buildings in major urban centres are dilapidated and most roads are in bad shape, thus making it difficulty for people to drive on them. It is also very clear that half of the country’s population lack toilets, among other significant facilities such as proper shelter and health care services.

Moreover, India is a place where people are used to ruining public property, especially when they are demonstrating. In fact, this has over the time contributed to poor management of solid waste and sewerage in most parts of the country. As a result of this, dirty places that are characterized by garbage on the roads and uncovered drains have become more common in most parts of India. As a matter of fact, one can never stop wondering how a country with so many basic needs can afford to undertake such a costly space program.

As Kingdon (2007) observes, recent demographic statistics have shown about 40 percent of the Indian population to be illiterate and unemployed. Obviously, high population growth rates such as the ones witnessed in India usually come with a lot of effects on people. For instance, there would be a high competition for available facilities and resources. In this regard, only a little percentage of the population is likely to have full access of the resources. This scenario can be used to explain the case of India where the number of learning facilities is far less than the level needed to adequately cater for the educational needs of every child in the country. Based on these observations, there is no doubt that there is need for more schools in India to ensure that more children can access education. In that case, the money intended for the Mars space program would have had a better use in such facilities that are likely to bring positive impacts on the country’s future economic development.

Based on the observations made on this paper, India’s space program cannot be anything else but a space race between the country and its rivals from Asia, particularly China. There can never be any doubt about this conclusion, considering the fact that India is focused on showcasing its technology more than it is concerned about the welfare of its population. It is unimaginable that the Indian government can even think of investing in a space program that would cost the taxpayers over $70m while the same taxpayers are suffering due to lack of common basic needs (Lele, 2013).

Even though the space mission can be a big milestone in India’s space exploration affairs, it could have waited until India reaches the status of a fully-developed economy like China, which is their main regional rival in such plans. In my opinion, I strongly believe that India would have achieved much national pride if it focused more on things that mattered for its citizens rather than going for costly programs such as the Mars mission that would only succeed in slowing down the country’s economic progress.

Burke, J. (2013, November 5). ISRO to launch India’s first spacecraft to Mars . The Guardian , p. 17. Web.

Gupta, K. (2008). Poverty in India . United Kingdom: Atlantic Books. Web.

Kingdon, G. (2007). The progress of school education in India. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 23 (2), 168-195. Web.

Lele, A. (2013). Mission Mars: India’s Quest for the Red Planet . New York: Springer. Web.

Siddiqi, A. (2003). The Soviet space race with Apollo . Florida: University Press of Florida. Web.

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IvyPanda. (2020, May 12). India's Space Exploration Affairs. https://ivypanda.com/essays/indias-space-programs/

"India's Space Exploration Affairs." IvyPanda , 12 May 2020, ivypanda.com/essays/indias-space-programs/.

IvyPanda . (2020) 'India's Space Exploration Affairs'. 12 May.

IvyPanda . 2020. "India's Space Exploration Affairs." May 12, 2020. https://ivypanda.com/essays/indias-space-programs/.

1. IvyPanda . "India's Space Exploration Affairs." May 12, 2020. https://ivypanda.com/essays/indias-space-programs/.

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Indian Space Program: Phases and Achievements

Last updated on June 25, 2024 by ClearIAS Team

Indian Space Research Organization ( ISRO ) is the nodal agency and flag bearer in the Indian Space Program.

The Indian Space Program is guided by a probabilistic perspective. It is a regional development instrument. This built on an optical fibre network and wireless communication devices.

Learn more about this topic.

Also read: Aditya-L1 Mission

Table of Contents

Objectives of the Indian Space Program

ISRO has also contributed to science and science education in the country. The Department of Space oversees several dedicated research centers and independent organizations for remote sensing, astronomy and astrophysics, atmospheric sciences, and space sciences in general. the objectives of the Indian Space Program are twofold:

• Space discovery and exploration through space missions.
• Promotion of research and education related to space science in the country. E.g. Tele-education in remote areas in India.

Some of the other functions of the Indian Space Program are:

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• Resource management such as mineral resources, agriculture, marine resources, etc.
• Environment conservation.
• Internal security and terrorism. E.g. use of IRNSS for regional security.
• Weather forecasting.
• Disaster Management.

Also read about SSLV , PSLV , and GSLV .

Communications satellites India

Communications satellites allow radio, television, and telephone transmissions to be sent live anywhere in the world. The purpose of communications satellites is to relay the signal around the curve of the Earth allowing communication between widely separated points. Communication Satellites use Microwaves and Radio waves for transmitting signals.

Indian National Satellite (INSAT) Series

• With nine operational communication satellites in Geo-stationary orbit, the Indian National Satellite (INSAT) system is one of the largest domestic communication satellite systems in the Asia-Pacific area.
• INSAT System consists of 14 operational satellites, namely – INSAT-3A, 3C, 4A, 4B, 4CR, 3DR and GSAT-6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15 and 16.
• Educational TV Services
• Telemedicine Programme
• Satellite-Aided Search and Rescue
• Disaster management
• Helps in geopolitics like the SAARC satellite.
• Helps in the commercialization of space programs, like launching the communication satellites of Russia USA, etc.

Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS)

• ISRO has deployed numerous operational remote sensing satellites since IRS-1A in 1988. India now operates one of the largest constellations of remote-sensing satellites.
• IRS satellite consists of CARTOSAT, OCEANSAT & RISAT (Resource Sat) Satellites

Application of IRS satellites:

• Disaster Management Support
• BioResources and Environment survey and mapping e.g. RESOURCESAT
• Cartography e.g. CARTOSAT
• Agriculture & Soil
• Rural and Urban Development e.g. National Drinking Water mission

Important Milestones in the Indian Space Program

Phase I: 1960-70 (Incipient Stage)

• Dr. Vikram Sarabhai is regarded as a scientific visionary as well as the founding father of the Indian space programme.
• He recognized the potential of satellites after the launch of Sputnik in 1957. Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first Prime Minister, who considered scientific advancement as an important component of India’s future, placed space research under the jurisdiction of the Department of Atomic Energy in 1961.
• Homi Bhabha, the father of India’s atomic programme, then founded the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) in 1962, with Dr. Sarabhai as Chairman.
• The Indian space programme began establishing itself with the launch of sounding rockets in 1962, which was aided by India’s geographical proximity to the equator.
• Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) was built near Thiruvananthapuram in south Kerala.
• India developed an indigenous technology of sounding rockets called the Rohini Family of sounding rockets.
• The India Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was established in 1969, and the Department of Space was established in 1972.

Phase II: 1970-80

• Sarabhai had participated in an early NASA study on the viability of employing satellites for uses as diverse as direct television broadcasting.
• India began developing satellite technology in anticipation of future remote sensing and communication requirements.
• India’s first venture into space occurred in 1975, with the launch of their satellite Aryabhata by a Soviet launcher.
• By 1979, the SLV was ready to launch from the Sriharikota Rocket Launching Station, a newly created second launch site (SRLS).
• The first launch in 1979 failed due to a control malfunction in the second stage. This problem had been solved by 1980.
• The first indigenous satellite launched by India was called Rohini.

Phase III: 1980-90

• Following the success of the SLV, ISRO was eager to begin work on a satellite launch vehicle capable of placing a truly useful satellite into polar orbit.
• In 1987, the Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) was tested, but the launch failed. After modest adjustments, another launch attempt was made in 1988, which also failed.

Phase IV: 1990-2000

• It was not until 1992 that the first successful launch of the ASLV took place.
• Since its first successful launch in 1994, the PSLV has become the workhorse launch vehicle, launching both remote sensing and communications satellites into orbit, establishing the world’s largest cluster, and giving unique data to Indian industry and agriculture.

Developments after 2000

• In 2001, the first development flight of the GSLV took place.
• As the first attempt at exploring the solar system, India pursued a mission to send unmanned probes to the moon in 2008 namely Chandrayaan.
• ISRO has entered the lucrative industry of launching foreign payloads from Indian soil using its rockets.
• After 2010, ISRO embarked on the following programmes: Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV), and next-generation GSLV Mark-III launch vehicle missions are part of the launch vehicle development programme.
• The Earth Observation programme includes cutting-edge Indian remote sensing (IRS) satellites such as Resourcesat, Cartosat, Oceansat, Radar Imaging Satellite, Geo-Imaging Satellite, and weather/climate satellites such as INSAT-3DR missions.
• The satellite navigation programme consists of a constellation of seven Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) satellites and an associated ground segment designed to deliver accurate positional and timing information.

India’s Manned Mission to Space

• Three flights will be sent into orbit.
• There will be two unmanned flights and one human spaceflight.
• The Gaganyaan system module, known as the Orbital Module, would house three Indian astronauts, one of whom would be a woman.
• For 5-7 days, it will circle the Earth in a low-Earth orbit at an altitude of 300-400 km.
• In addition, to assure crew safety during the Gaganyaan mission, ISRO will perform two unmanned ‘Abort Missions’ in 2022.

Scramjet (Supersonic Combusting Ramjet) engine

• In August 2016, ISRO successfully conducted the Scramjet (Supersonic Combusting Ramjet) engine test.
• The Scramjet engine uses Hydrogen as fuel and Oxygen from the atmospheric air as the oxidizer.
• This test was the maiden short-duration experimental test of ISRO’s Scramjet engine with a hypersonic flight at Mach 6.
• ISRO’s Advanced Technology Vehicle (ATV), a futuristic-sounding rocket, served as the solid rocket booster for the supersonic testing of Scramjet engines.
• The new propulsion system will complement ISRO’s reusable launch vehicle that will have a longer flight duration.
• IN-SPACe was launched to provide a level playing field for private companies to use Indian space infrastructure.
• It serves as a single point of contact between the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and anyone interested in participating in space-related activities or utilizing India’s space resources.

NewSpace India Limited (NSIL):

• It is a Central Public Sector Enterprise of the Government of India that was founded in 2019 and is managed by the Department of Space.
• It is ISRO’s commercial arm, and its major purpose is to enable Indian enterprises to engage in high-technology space-related operations.
• It is headquartered in Bengaluru.

Indian Space Association (ISpA):

• ISpAaspires to be the collective voice of the Indian Space industry. ISpA will be represented by leading domestic and global corporations that have advanced capabilities in space and satellite technologies.

Amazonia-1:

• The 53 rd flight of PSLV-C51 marked the first dedicated mission for New Space India Ltd (NSIL), the commercial arm of ISRO.
• Amazonia-1, the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) optical earth observation satellite, would offer users remote sensing data for monitoring deforestation in the Amazon region and analyzing diverse agriculture across the Brazilian territory.

UNITYsat (three satellites):

• They have been deployed to provide Radio relay services.
• Satish Dhawan Satellite (SDSAT) is a nanosatellite intended to study the radiation levels/space weather and demonstrate long-range communication technologies.

Upcoming Missions:

• Chandrayaan-3 Mission:   Chandrayaan-3 is likely to be launched during the third quarter of 2022.
• EOS-4 (Risat-1A) and EOS-6 (Oceansat-3) — will be launched using ISRO’s workhorse PSLV, and the third one,  EOS-2 (Microsat) , will be launched in the first developmental flight of the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV).
• These satellites will be launched in the first quarter of 2022.
• Shukrayaan Mission:  The ISRO is also planning a mission to Venus, tentatively called Shukrayaan .
• Own Space Station : India is planning to launch its space station by 2030 , joining the league of the US, Russia, and China to an elite space club
• XpoSat:  Space observatory, XpoSat, designed to study cosmic x-rays.
• There are five Lagrangian points between any two celestial bodies on the satellite where the gravitational attraction of both bodies is equivalent to the force required to keep the satellite in orbit without spending fuel, implying a parking area in space.

Also read: 

• Space missions in 2024
• Pushpak: ISRO’s reusable launch vehicle

Article Written by: Remya

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Essay on Chandrayaan-3 in English for Children and Students

10 Lines on Chandrayaan-3

A paragraph on chandrayaan-3, essay on chandrayaan-3 in 100 words, short essay on chandrayaan-3 in 200 words, long essay on chandrayaan-3 in 500 words, facts about chandrayaan 3 , what will your child learn from the chandrayaan-3 essay, latest updates about chandrayaan-3, some important details about chadrayaan-3.

In the story of India’s scientific journeys, the Chandrayaan project stands out brightly, showing the nation’s skill and modern technology. As India keeps growing and showing its strengths in different areas, its work in space research stands tall. A big step in this area is the successful Chandrayaan-3 mission. The essay on Chandrayaan 3 in English tells about India’s exciting trip to the moon and how important it is for our country. It is also a way for the country to share its dream of doing more in space.

This Chandrayaan-3 essay is written in simple words for children and students. It helps them learn and understand this big achievement. Whether you’re studying for class, preparing for a school event, or just curious, this essay will take you on a trip to the moon, showing India’s amazing work in space.

Chandrayaan-3 is like a magical story from India about exploring the moon. For our lower elementary or primary young kids who love tales of stars and the moon, here’s a simple way to learn about it. These 10 lines on Chandrayaan-3 in English are short and easy, crafted especially for their eager little minds. Let’s start with the 10 lines about Chandrayaan-3 and discover this exciting lunar tale!

• Chandrayaan-3 is the ambitious third lunar mission by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO).
• It was launched on 14 July 2023 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.
• This mission has 2 parts: a lander named Vikram and a rover named Pragyan.
• The big goal of Chandrayaan-3 is to land safely on the South Pole, a special part of the Moon.
• The rover, Pragyan, will wander around the Moon, studying its surface and sending information back to us.
• One exciting thing it’s looking for is water ice on the Moon, as well as learning more about the Moon’s rocks and air.
• With Chandrayaan-3, India becomes one of the special countries that have sent a rover to the Moon.
• The whole mission cost about USD 77 million, which is quite a smart way of exploring space without spending too much.
• After the lessons from Chandrayaan-2, India was determined to make Chandrayaan-3 a big success.
• Chandrayaan-3 had a successful soft-landing on the Moon on 23rd August 2023, making it a special day for India!

For those curious about India’s space journey, here’s a simple paragraph on Chandrayaan-3 to enlighten you.

Chandrayaan 3 is one of ISRO’s most celebrated lunar missions. Launched in July 2023, it is the first lunar mission to achieve a soft landing near the lunar south pole. The mission has three main components: an orbiter, a lander called Vikram, and the Pragyan rover. One of its prime goals is to search for water ice on the Moon. Beyond its scientific pursuits, Chandrayaan-3 stands as a testament to India’s determination and capability in space exploration, especially after its experiences with Chandrayaan-2.

Eager to know about India’s lunar journey? Here’s a simple Chandrayaan 3 essay in English 100 words.

After the successes and challenges of Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2, Chandrayaan-3 embarked on India’s renewed attempt for lunar exploration. Launched on July 14, 2023, this mission reinforced India’s dedication to demonstrating technological prowess in space. Beyond the mere exploration, its state-of-the-art instruments were all set to investigate the lunar soil and provide pivotal data. As it successfully soft-landed on the South Pole of the Moon on August 23 2023, Chandrayaan-3 helped place India alongside global space giants like the US, Russia, and China. Beyond national pride, this mission signified India’s undying commitment to contributing significantly to the global space community’s advancements.

Interested in India’s journey to the moon? Read on in this short essay on Chandrayaan-3 for children and students in 200 words.

Chandrayaan-3, India’s progressive lunar mission, is a testament to the nation’s ambition in space exploration, succeeding its predecessors Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2. Engineered by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) , Chandrayaan-3 had a coveted soft landing on the Moon’s cradle, with a rover in tow to conduct insightful experiments and glean indispensable data. The focal point of this mission orbited around delving into the Moon’s geology, mineralogy, and exosphere, thereby enriching our comprehension of its genesis and evolution.

Integral to Chandrayaan-3’s mission is its demonstration of a secure and soft lunar landing, emphasising the rover’s mobility and its capacity for on-site scientific investigations. Facilitating these objectives, the Lander harboured an array of avant-garde technologies, among which were velocimeters, laser and RF-based altimeters, and an intricate propulsion system. Rigorous tests, notably the Integrated Cold Test and Lander Leg Mechanism Performance Test, were meticulously undertaken to validate these pioneering technologies under Earth’s conditions.

This mission, Chandrayaan-3, symbolised India’s unwavering commitment to technological and scientific exploration, aspiring to cement its foothold in the elite space community. More than a testament to India’s capabilities, it’s a beacon, igniting the passions of the younger generation to chase dreams in STEM fields. It is a proud moment for Indian scientists and aspiring ones to bring in newer and better technologies that will transform the space game to another level.

Below is a perfect essay on Chandrayaan-3 for school students:

India continues to make giant strides in space exploration with its third lunar mission, Chandrayaan-3. This ambitious venture was aimed at reinforcing India’s position as a significant player in global space endeavours.

The Chandrayaan Legacy “Chandrayaan” translates to “moon vehicle” in Hindi. The legacy began with Chandrayaan-1, India’s first lunar probe, which orbited the moon in 2008, marking India as the fourth nation to touch the moon’s vicinity. It was followed by Chandrayaan-2 in 2019, an ambitious mission with an orbiter, a lander, and a rover. Despite facing challenges with its landing phase, the orbiter continued to send valuable data back to Earth.

The Chandrayaan-3 Mission’s Architecture

Chandrayaan-3’s design builds on previous missions. Unlike Chandrayaan-2, it concentrates on the lander and rover, utilising the operational Chandrayaan-2 orbiter for efficient communication.

Chandrayaan-3: A New Hope Continuing the series, Chandrayaan-3 is seen as a beacon of hope and a symbol of India’s technological persistence. It is set to further India’s quest to understand the moon, especially the intriguing South Pole region. With an improved lander design and the Pragyan rover, Chandrayaan-3, unlike its predecessor, will not be accompanied by an orbiter. Instead, it will leverage the still-active orbiter of Chandrayaan-2 for communications.

Key Objectives of Chandrayaan-3 

ISRO has outlined three principal objectives for the Chandrayaan-3 mission:

• Soft and Safe Landing – The paramount objective is to achieve a gentle and secure touchdown on the moon’s terrain, underscoring India’s progress in space technology.
• Rover Operations – Once on the moon, the Pragyan rover is designed to traverse the challenging terrain, gathering invaluable data about the lunar surface.
• Scientific Exploration – Beyond the engineering feats, the mission will concentrate on scientific investigations of the Moon’s composition, including the study of soil, water, and other elements.

Scientist Behind Chandrayaan-3 

Several eminent scientists and engineers have been instrumental in the conception and realisation of Chandrayaan-3:

• S Somnath , ISRO Chairman
• P VeeraMuthuVel, Project Director of Chandrayaan-3
• S Unnikrishnan Nair, Director of Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre
• A RajaRajan, Chairman of the Launch Authorization Board
• M Sankaran, Director of U R Rao Satellite Centre

Challenges of Chandrayaan-3

• Soft Landing – Achieving this on the rugged lunar South Pole was challenging.
• Rover Navigation – Ensuring the Pragyan rover’s efficient navigation was crucial.
• Space Environment Hazards – Conditions like space weather and micrometeoroid impacts had to be considered.
• Communication – Establishing robust communication using the older orbiter presented challenges.

Launch and Landing of Chandrayaan 3

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) celebrated a significant achievement with the successful launch of Chandrayaan-3 on 14 July 2023 at 2:35 PM from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre. This mission epitomises India’s advancements in space exploration, with the primary objective being to demonstrate a soft and safe landing on the lunar surface. The moment of the launch, at 2:35 PM on 14 July 2023, is now an iconic timestamp in India’s space exploration history. Essays chronicling Chandrayaan-3’s journey will undoubtedly highlight this monumental event.

After a month-long voyage through space, Chandrayaan-3 accomplished its monumental landing on the moon on 23 August 2023 at 18:04 Hrs. Those who witnessed it will recall the anticipation as the live telecast of the soft landing began at 17:20 hrs Indian Standard Time on the day. This successful landing solidifies India’s position as a formidable player in space technology and exploration and stands as another sterling achievement in the nation’s space odyssey.

India’s Place in Space Exploration

With the Chandrayaan series, India has unequivocally announced its place in space exploration. These missions demonstrate frugality without compromising on innovation and stand as testaments to India’s capabilities. Chandrayaan-3 is not just a mission; it’s a symbol of India’s aspirations and technical prowess and a step towards exploring the mysteries of the cosmos.

Discover the interesting information about Chandrayaan 3, showcasing India’s ambitious strides in the vast expanse of space. As you continue, these must-know facts about Chandrayaan 3 will surely captivate your interest, revealing the brilliance of India’s space journey.

• India’s Unique Imprint – Pragyan, Chandrayaan-3’s rover, will mark the lunar soil with India’s flag and the ISRO emblem, signifying presence on the untouched south pole.
• Low Budget – Costing ₹650 crores ($75 million), Chandrayaan-3 demonstrates India’s economic efficiency in space endeavors, standing in stark contrast to high-budget films and projects worldwide.
• South Pole Pioneer – Chandrayaan-3 has crowned India as the first nation to probe the Moon’s south pole and the fourth overall to achieve a lunar landing.
• Building on Previous Discoveries – Continuing Chandrayaan-1’s legacy, this mission aims to further explore frozen water deposits in the Moon’s colder regions.
• Lander & Rover Legacy – The mission includes a lander, “Vikram”, and a rover, “Pragyan”, named to honour stalwarts of India’s space journey, especially ISRO’s founder, Vikram Sarabhai.

Diving into the Chandrayaan-3 essay, your child will glean insights into India’s remarkable achievements in space exploration, understand the technological advancements and challenges faced, and cultivate a sense of pride in global scientific endeavours. This journey offers a blend of history, science, and inspiration.

Explore this section for Chandrayaan-3 details and the latest updates directly from the Moon.

December 5, 2023

• The Chandrayaan-3 propulsion module takes an alternate route.

September 22, 2023

• The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is currently conducting trials to restore communication with the Vikram lander and Pragyan rover.

September 5, 2023

• NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) spacecraft has captured images of the Chandrayaan-3 lander situated on the lunar surface.

September 2, 2023

• The lander and rover go into sleep mode, expected to wake up around September 22, 2023.

August 31, 2023

• The Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA) records ambient sounds and movements near the landing area, offering a new dimension of lunar exploration.
• The Radio Anatomy of Moon Bound Hypersensitive Ionosphere and Atmosphere – Lunar Plasma Probe (RAMBHA-LP) records measurements of the near-surface plasma content, enriching the mission’s scientific findings.

August 30, 2023

• Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) on the Ch-3 Rover reports the identification of trace elements on the Moon’s surface.

August 29, 2023

• The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) announces the discovery of various elements near the South Pole of the Moon, including but not limited to Sulphur, Aluminium, Calcium, Iron, Chromium, Titanium, Manganese, Silicone, and Oxygen.

August 28, 2023

• Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) unambiguously confirms the presence of Sulphur on the lunar surface through in-situ measurements.

August 27, 2023

• Initial data from the Charge Analysing System in the Time-Resolved Spectrometer (ChaSTE) payload aboard the Vikram Lander is successfully relayed back.

August 26, 2023

• The touchdown sites for both Chandrayaan 2 and 3 receive names from Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Chandrayaan 3’s site is now known as “Shivshakti,” while Chandrayaan 2’s site will be called “Tiranga Point.”

August 24, 2023

• Celebrating the phrase “Made in India. Made for the MOON,” the Ch-3 Rover successfully dismounts from the Vikram Lander, marking India’s inaugural steps on the Moon.

August 23, 2023

• Chandrayaan-3 completes a successful soft landing on the Moon, sending back the jubilant message: “I reached my destination, and you did too!”
• Prime Minister Modi declares August 23rd as National Space Day, to honor the successful landing of Chandrayaan-3 on the Moon.

If you’re looking for Chandrayaan-3 details to spice up your essay or speech on Chandrayaan-3 in English, you’re in the right place. We’ve gathered all the cool Chandrayaan-3 information you need to know, from what the mission aims to do to the awesome tech it uses. Let’s explore!

• Total Propellant Mass – 2145.01 kg, inclusive of all modules
• Communication Setup – Equipped with an S-Band Transponder (TTC) compatible with the Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN)
• Operational Duration – Designed for a 3 to 6-month mission life, following a launch into an approximate 100 x 100 km lunar orbit.
• Orientation Sensors – Includes CASS, IRAP, and a Micro Star Sensor for accurate orientation control
• Engine System – Features a Bi-Propellant Propulsion System using Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) and Mixed Oxides of Nitrogen (MON3)
• Structural Model – Constructed as a modified version of the I-3K spacecraft
• Mass Without Fuel – Weighs 448.62 kg, which includes the pressurant
• Electric Power – Generates 738 Watts, optimised for both Summer Solstices and biased conditions
• Lunar Trajectory – Orbit ranging from 170 x 36500 km in lunar polar regions
• Mission Life Specifics – Carries a Lander Module & Rover up to approximately 100 x 100 km after launch, with subsequent operation of experimental payloads for 3 to 6 months.

1. When did the launch of Chandrayaan-3 take place?

Chandrayaan-3 embarked on its mission on July 14, 2023, lifting off from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre situated in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.

2. Whom are the Chandrayaan-3 lander and rover named after?

The names of the Chandrayaan-3 lander and rover, Vikram and Pragyan, derive their meanings from Sanskrit, with Vikram signifying valour and Pragyan representing wisdom. Notably, the lander’s name pays homage to Vikram Sarabhai, revered as the pioneer of India’s space program.

3. What are the scientific goals of Chandrayaan-3?

Chandrayaan-3 aims to conduct scientific investigations on the Moon, building upon the achievements of its predecessors. Scientific goals include studying lunar topography, mineral composition, and lunar soil. It also involves exploring specific regions or phenomena on the Moon that were not extensively covered by Chandrayaan-2.

The essay on Chandrayaan-3 for kids serves as a testament to India’s formidable strides in space exploration, illuminating young minds about the nation’s lunar missions. Through this journey, we hope to inspire the next generation of space enthusiasts and dreamers.

References/Resources:

Indian Space Research Organisation ( ISRO ): https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3.html

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Analysis and Space

How india has slowly but surely become a major player in space.

India’s space agency has been remarkably successful in recent years, growing the country’s prestige on the global stage – and the 2024 election is unlikely to change that

By Leah Crane

30 April 2024

India launched Chandrayaan-3 to the moon last year

If India seems like a latecomer to space flight, it is only because the country’s space agency has been slowly and steadily growing for decades, catching up with the original major players. When the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft managed the first ever soft landing near the south pole of the moon in 2023, it marked a triumph for the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and a sign that the agency’s unique way of operating makes it capable of great things.

Can India build a world-leading computer chip industry from scratch?

The strategy that has made all of this work was championed in the 1960s by Vikram Sarabhai, often considered the father of the Indian space programme. He rejected the idea that the country had to work its way up through every stage of learning how to do space flight , instead insisting on “leapfrogging”, using knowledge that had already been gained by other nations along with expertise developed at home.

“What you’re seeing now is the product of four decades of serious investment in this programme that a lot of people dismissed as being inappropriate for a developing country, but turns out to have been a smart decision all along,” says Itty Abraham at Arizona State University. “It’s done a great job of absorbing technologies from different countries and stitching them together to make something that’s uniquely Indian.”

Why it's a big deal that India beat Russia in the new race to the moon

The Chandrayaan-3 mission is a perfect example of this. ISRO has stated that the budget for the mission was only £60 million ($74 million), less than the cost of a commercial aeroplane and an astonishingly low price tag for a spacecraft. This was enabled in part by the use of more cost-effective off-the-shelf parts alongside custom-built ones, as well as contracts with private companies for some of the spacecraft development and manufacturing.

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That private company involvement is relatively new for ISRO, a change heralded by Narendra Modi, India’s prime minister since 2014. “Where Modi has made a difference is that he has encouraged the private sector to step in in a way that is very unusual for Indian government programmes,” says Abraham. “If you look at the other government projects, the private sector is there but in a very small way.” ISRO didn’t respond to a request for comment.

But more broadly, India’s election is unlikely to change ISRO’s direction, given the geopolitical prestige that comes with success in space. “The space programme has managed to remain independent for so long because it’s been successful,” says Abraham. “In this case, it doesn’t matter who’s in charge – they’re all going to throw money at it.”

This article is part of a special series on India’s election.

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The history and motivations behind India's growing space program

In 2023, India became the fourth nation to successfully land a spacecraft on the Moon. The success of the Chandrayaan-3 mission helped establish India as a capable space power and bolstered its growing space ambitions.

The history of India's space program is in many ways the inverse of the history of the U.S. and Russia’s programs. While these superpowers were racing to outdo each other with symbolic, high-profile achievements that culminated in the Apollo Moon landings, India focused on the practical and immediate benefits of space.

That has recently started to change. Buoyed by the success of Chandrayaan-3 and a desire to compete with China, India has announced ambitious human spaceflight plans that include space stations and a Moon landing.

Gurbir Singh joined us on Planetary Radio: Space Policy Edition on Jan. 5, 2024 to talk about the history and motivations behind India’s space program. Singh is the author of The Indian Space Programme: India's Incredible Journey from the Third World towards the First.

The original transcript has been condensed and edited for clarity.

Casey Dreier: Gurbir Singh, thank you so much for joining us on Planetary Radio: Space Policy Edition this month. I'm happy you're here.

Gurbir Singh: Well, thanks very much for reaching out. I'm really delighted to be here.

Casey Dreier: This is a big topic, so we might as well start at the beginning. Why did India start a space program in 1963?

Gurbir Singh: I use the launch of the very first rocket from Indian soil as a marker for the start of the program. That was a suborbital rocket launched from southern India. The payload was a small sodium capsule, which diffused at an altitude of about 150 kilometers. Watching how that payload dispersed was the experiment. That started what we today call the Indian Space Research Organization, or ISRO.

At that point India had been independent [from the British] for about a decade and a half, and the space program was part of the nation-building activities that were taking place. At that time, there were post-World War II developments in England and most of Europe, such as televisions, telephones, and commercial air flights. These were really becoming available to just about everybody.

The space age had started with the launch of Sputnik in 1957 and Yuri Gagarin's flight in 1961. The Indian prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, really believed in science. He believed that the new nation of India, independent India, should be forged on what he called the scientific temper, the temperament of science. So he put science at the forefront, and that's really why space was almost inevitable.

Casey Dreier: What's interesting to me is that India didn’t create this as a Cold War competition. It wasn’t throwing its hat in to compete directly, or to establish itself as a regional power. There were internal and domestic reasons that it wanted to establish a space capability. Is that an accurate way to think of this?

Gurbir Singh: There is a very long tradition of science in Indian history. By the time India became independent, there were many successful Indian scientists of international repute, such as Vikram Sarabhai, who's considered as the father of the Indian space program. They were bright, gifted, and came from very successful industrial families. They had a lot of cash, and they also had contacts in high society. They knew the prime minister. So they were moving in the right circles. And I think that synergy helped to kickstart India in the direction it went.

Casey Dreier: You write that, unlike the space programs being established at the time in the U.S. and Soviet Union, India’s program from the outset was wholly non-military and built to meet the social needs of its huge population. It was really almost inwardly directed as a modernizing force rather than a demonstration of technological competition or global hegemony.

Gurbir Singh: Having lived under suppression, under the control of another nation, was seen as a national humiliation. India did not want to return to that. There was a desire for self-sufficiency rather than some sort of hegemony or sense of superiority over other countries. India is probably the only country with a space program which had entirely non-military foundations, although since then, it has grown to include military aspects.

Casey Dreier: For the first few decades, ISRO focused on servicing the Indian population. But then, in the 1990s, there’s a proposal to send the Chandrayaan-1 scientific mission to the Moon. What caused this new era of exploration to develop within ISRO?

Gurbir Singh: The Moon mission and many other ISRO space programs have been influenced by similar programs in China. In 2003, China had its first human spaceflight success. In 2007, they sent a spacecraft to the Moon. They have built their own space stations. So India has been following in China’s footsteps, just like what happened in the Cold War between the U.S. and Soviet Union.

If China had not gone to the Moon, India wouldn't have gone to the Moon. There's this wonderful quote in a book by the Soviet engineer Boris Chertok where he says that if there hadn't been a Gagarin, there wouldn’t have been an Armstrong.

Casey Dreier: You write that in 2013, India went to Mars with the Mars Orbiter Mission Mangalyaan because both Japan and China had tried and failed. After Mangalyaan, China followed up with its own Tianwen mission and successfully landed. Are we seeing an increase in this tit-for-tat competition?

Gurbir Singh: India went to Mars in 2013 because there was a Chinese spacecraft on board the Fobos-Grunt spacecraft launched by Russia in 2011. That spacecraft never left Earth orbit and failed. India realized that there would be an opportunity to launch a small mission to Mars in 2013, and get there before China.

The spacecraft only had five instruments, which was very stark. A few years after the ISRO chairman had served his time and wrote a book, he admitted that the whole reason why India went to Mars was because China failed, and the whole intention was to be able to say that India got to Mars before China.

We saw this behavior during the Cold War with Sputnik, Gagarin, and Valentina Tereshkova. Every country's trying to wave a flag and say, “we did this.” There's nothing politicians like more than that.

Casey Dreier: Let's talk about the Modi government's relationship to space. Would you characterize that as a natural extension of the previous government's approach to ISRO and space, or is there something different in their approach and embrace of ISRO and its ambitions?

Gurbir Singh: India has always treated ISRO as the goose that lays the golden eggs. It's something all political parties can benefit from, because apart from the fact that it allows the incumbent prime minister to wave India's flag at every ISRO success, ISRO actually is one of the more successful and competent departments of the government. It's traditionally been supported throughout India's history, regardless of the government.

In prime minister Modi's case, during the Chandrayaan-3 touchdown, he was in a live stream split screen. You could see the lander coming into land, and Modi was there waving a small Indian flag. Immediately after the soft landing of Chandrayaan-3, chairman Somanath got onto the pedestal and said, "India is on the Moon." And then he handed the microphone to the prime minister. I hadn't appreciated what an opportunity he would have to address an international audience. He made a 10-minute speech and said all the things that any politician would say.

Casey Dreier: You wrote in your 2017 book that the Modi government is a dynamic government with a nationalist and aggressive economic agenda, and it’s been positioning itself to use the Indian space program as an instrument for regional influence. Has that played out in the way that you thought it would?

Gurbir Singh: The desire for India to be a regional superpower hasn't quite worked out, mainly because India hoped to capture the launch market for nearby countries: Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bhutan, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. But the growth in the international commercial space sector has meant that it's actually quite practical and cost-effective for these countries not to go to the nearest provider, India.

India’s cadence of launches is still very low. Its highest launch rate to Earth orbit or beyond has been seven launches in a year. This year alone, China has already achieved 47, and the U.S. more than 100. I think this has been driving the political changes that's opened up the commercial space sector in India.

The main thing that's been preoccupying ISRO is the Gaganyaan program. India has been developing a launch abort system, parachutes, and capsule recovery techniques. The recent signing of the Artemis Accords and the agreement to have an Indian astronaut go to the International Space Station with NASA will help accelerate the Gaganyaan program. There will be various deals of technology transfer and systems components being sold to India as a result of the collaborative arrangements that are now in place.

Casey Dreier: If the U.S. is increasingly seeing China as a competitive nation in space, then it starts to become a U.S. interest to support India as a backstop against regional influence from China.

Gurbir Singh: That's spot on, and really the reason why India signed the Artemis Accords.

The Artemis Accords would not have been as significant or profound if the International Lunar Research Station did not exist. The International Lunar Research Station is essentially an organization that China and Russia established, but now really China's running with it. The U.S. offered India a really good deal because they didn't want India to go to the International Lunar Research Station.

I think the main reason why India signed is because as part of this agreement, your president offered the Indian prime minister to come speak to a joint assembly of Congress. Any prime minister, especially one who has an election coming up next year, is not going to let that go. He had, I think, a four-day state visit to the U.S. and it's that package deal that made India sign the Artemis Accords.

Casey Dreier: In the past few years, ISRO has opened up to commercial space flight, started a serious effort for human spaceflight, announced an Indian space station, and is aiming for the Moon by 2040. This strikes me as a profound transformation of the role ISRO is going to play in Indian geopolitics.

It seems like the organization has a huge amount of capability to do things, but it's also struggling with capacity. Does that strike you as the biggest challenge facing ISRO and the Indian space community?

Gurbir Singh: I think a lack of capacity has been something that many previous ISRO chairs have identified, and that’s been the motivating factor for opening up the private space sector.

As a result of new space policies, about 200 startup space companies are now operating in India. I think this is where the future of Indian space activities lies: with ISRO helping startups and being supported by startups.

Casey Dreier: I saw that ISRO is facing a budget cut from the Modi government despite all these new ambitions being proposed. What does that tell you about the political commitment to the Indian space program?

Gurbir Singh: Generally, over the last decade or so, ISRO's budget has been increasing. It's at about one-and-a-quarter to one-and-a-half billion U.S. dollars annually. The Gaganyaan program itself, just as a standalone, multi-year program, has been awarded about one billion U.S. dollars. And there was some unspent budget from 2020 and 2021, when not much happened. The Indian economy is doing really well relative to many other Western countries. Economic growth this coming year should lead to a budget increase in the next year.

Casey Dreier: Gurbir Singh is the author of The Indian Space Programme, a book that I really enjoyed and highly recommend to anyone fascinated by this topic. Gurbir, how can people find you online?

Gurbir Singh: The web address for me is gurbir.co.uk , and if anybody's interested in my podcast, I do that on astrotalkuk.org .

Casey Dreier: Thank you so much for being here this month. I hope to have you back in the future.

Gurbir Singh: Great talking to you.

Listen to the full interview on Planetary Radio: Space Policy Edition .

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Dive Into The Pivotal Moments That Have Defined India's Journey Into Space

Human curiosity is a remarkable force that, for eons, has driven us to explore the unknown, pushing the boundaries of our understanding and capabilities. As a civilization, nowhere is this curiosity more evident than in the awe-inspiring realm of space exploration. As we gaze upward and reach for the stars, we embark on a journey that not only uncovers the mysteries of the cosmos but also reflects our innate desire to expand our horizons. In this grand endeavor, if we are to explore our nation’s recent history, India has emerged as a shining beacon, solidifying its position among the elite nations (Soviet Union, USA, and China) championing space travel. Today, we trace India's landmark moments in space exploration.

Under the Nehru administration, Dr. Vikram Sarabhai founded the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) with the aim of shaping India's space program. Initially a part of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, INCOSPAR assumed the responsibilities of the Department of Atomic Energy in the realm of space science and research. Dr. Homi Bhabha, then director of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), played a crucial role in its establishment. The committee's pivotal decision was to establish the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) at the southernmost tip of India. Among the pioneering team of rocket technologists who laid the foundation of INCOSPAR was Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, who later went on to become the President of India.

This is the historic year when it all began. INCOSPAR was replaced and in its place, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was born out of a strong desire to harvest the benefits of outer space for India and mankind. The space agency was fueled by the vision of Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, often hailed as the father of the Indian space program.

The Aryabhata satellite stood as India's inaugural venture into space, marking a historic milestone. Named after the ancient Indian mathematician, the Aryabhata satellite aimed to conduct scientific experiments in X-ray astronomy, solar physics, and other realms. Carried into orbit by a Soviet launch vehicle, the satellite's mission contributed to India's evolving space program, offering crucial experiences in satellite technology and research and setting the groundwork for the nation's future achievements.

Dr. Vikram Sarabhai and Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam spearheaded the launch of India's first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-I), marking a significant leap in the nation's space capabilities. This pioneering achievement culminated in the successful deployment of the Rohini satellite into a near-earth orbit. The SLV-I's launch not only demonstrated India's technological prowess but also showcased its determination to establish a self-reliant space infrastructure.

This was the year of Chandrayaan-1, when India launched its maiden lunar mission. It aimed to do an imaging of the Moon's surface and exosphere. Equipped with eleven scientific instruments, the orbiter conducted remote sensing across multiple wavelengths, leading to significant discoveries such as detecting water molecules and hydroxyl on the moon''s surface. Despite its premature end due to communication loss, Chandrayaan-1's achievements laid the groundwork for subsequent lunar missions.

The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also known as Mangalyaan marked India's inaugural interplanetary endeavor. MOM's remarkable success in reaching Mars' orbit on a limited budget showcased India's technological capabilities. With scientific goals encompassing the study of Martian morphology, atmosphere, and methane presence, MOM not only positioned India as the first Asian nation to reach Martian orbit but also highlighted its growing influence in international space exploration and research.

Kalamsat-V2, a nano-satellite developed by Indian students, was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Weighing just 1.2 kilograms, it holds the distinction of being the lightest and smallest satellite to ever be placed in orbit. Designed by a team of students from Space Kidz India, Kalamsat-V2 was named after Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam himself. The satellite showcased India's prowess in miniaturized satellite technology and provided a platform for experimental communication through amateur radio frequencies. The successful launch of Kalamsat-V2 was a significant achievement for India's youth, as it demonstrated that even students with limited resources could contribute to space research and exploration. Since its launch, it has inspired several young minds to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, and space-related fields.

Chandrayaan-2, India's second lunar exploration mission, was a more ambitious mission compared to its predecessor, as it included an orbiter, a lander named Vikram, and a rover named Pragyan. Chandrayaan-2 aimed to further investigate the Moon's surface, composition, and its south polar region. However, the mission failed in its lunar phase when its lander 'Vikram' crashed into the surface of the Moon minutes before the touchdown following anomalies in the braking system in the lander while attempting a landing. In spite of this major setback, Chandrayaan-2’s orbiter continued to function well and provided invaluable data that contributed to the recent success of Chandrayaan-3. They say failure is the pillar of success and rightly so. The ISRO scientists learned from their mistakes, developed a more nuanced plan that fully accounted for complexities of the Moon’s south pole and eventually cracked the code to achieve a soft landing.

In the present continuous, we as a nation are whole-heartedly basking in the glory days of Indian space exploration, owing to our brilliant scientific community. Chandrayaan-3, India’s third and most recent lunar mission was launched on 14 July. On 23 August at 18:02 IST, the lander and rover landed near the lunar south pole region making India the first country to successfully land a spacecraft near the lunar south pole and the fourth country to soft-land on the Moon. This success has not only made the nation proud, it has also created opportunities for several start-ups and companies involved in sectors such as space tech, aerospace, defence and R&D. The historic achievement will also increase government financial allocations for space research, paving the way for more interstellar triumphs in the years to come.

If you enjoyed reading this, here's more from Homegrown:

A Nation In Space: Here's The Significance Of Chandrayaan-3's Successful Moon Landing

Oppenheimer's Connection To India: Nehru, Homi Bhabha, The Bhagavad Gita, & More

Your Guide To The Galaxy - India's 14 Best Stargazing Destinations

Essay On Chandrayaan-3: India’s Third Lunar Exploration Mission

In the realm of space exploration, India has carved out a distinct niche for itself with its Chandrayaan missions. Among these, Chandrayaan-3 stands out as a testament to India’s technological prowess, scientific curiosity, and unwavering commitment to pushing the boundaries of human knowledge. Launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in July 2023, Chandrayaan-3 marks India’s third lunar endeavor and holds the promise of unlocking new frontiers in lunar exploration.

Short Essay & Paragraph About Chandrayaan-3: India’s Third Lunar Exploration Mission

At the heart of Chandrayaan-3 lies a pioneering objective – achieving a safe and precise soft landing on the lunar surface, particularly on the southern polar region. The significance of this endeavor cannot be overstated. The southern polar region of the Moon presents unique challenges and opportunities. It is a region of great scientific interest, believed to hold water ice in permanently shadowed craters. The successful landing and operation of Chandrayaan-3 on this challenging terrain would represent a monumental achievement, adding to our understanding of the Moon’s geology, its evolution, and potentially even its history of water.

One of the primary goals of Chandrayaan-3 is to deploy a rover on the lunar surface for in-situ exploration. This rover will be equipped with instruments to analyze the composition of the lunar soil, map its surface, and conduct experiments that could provide crucial insights into the Moon’s formation and geological processes. However, the significance of the rover extends beyond its scientific pursuits. It is also a symbol of India’s capability to develop and execute intricate technologies required for space exploration.

A crucial focus of Chandrayaan-3 is the search for water ice deposits on the Moon. Water is a precious resource in space exploration, with the potential to support future lunar bases or serve as a propellant for deeper space missions. The discovery of water ice would not only mark a scientific breakthrough but could also pave the way for more sustainable and extended human missions to the Moon and beyond.

The architecture of Chandrayaan-3 is a masterpiece of engineering and innovation. It comprises three key components: a lander module, a rover, and a propulsion module. The propulsion module carries both the lander and the rover to lunar orbit. Upon reaching the Moon, the lander and rover separate from the propulsion module. The lander, equipped with advanced navigation and landing systems, will execute a gentle landing on the Moon’s surface. This complex sequence of events underscores India’s capability to design, develop, and orchestrate a mission of such intricacy.

Chandrayaan-3 is not merely a standalone mission; it represents India’s overarching vision for space exploration. It is a manifestation of ISRO’s commitment to pushing the boundaries of space technology and contributing meaningfully to the global pursuit of knowledge. The success of this mission would not only enhance India’s reputation as a formidable spacefaring nation but would also serve as an inspiration to countless young minds aspiring to venture into the cosmos.

The broader implications of Chandrayaan-3 extend beyond the realm of scientific discovery. They encompass economic growth, technological innovation, and international collaboration. The development and execution of complex space missions like Chandrayaan-3 require the mobilization of vast resources, the collaboration of experts from diverse fields, and the cultivation of cutting-edge technology. Such endeavors stimulate advancements in engineering, materials science, telecommunications, and numerous other disciplines, fostering a culture of innovation and pushing the envelope of human achievement.

In the face of its growing influence in space exploration, India continues to uphold its commitment to inclusivity and cooperation. ISRO’s missions often carry a significant international component, involving collaboration with space agencies and scientific institutions from around the world. Chandrayaan-3, in this context, is not just an Indian endeavor; it is a global exploration effort aimed at unraveling the mysteries of the Moon and enriching our understanding of the cosmos.

In conclusion, Chandrayaan-3 stands as a testament to India’s dedication to scientific advancement and exploration. Its objectives of soft landing, rover deployment, and water ice discovery reflect the intricate nature of lunar exploration and the significance of these pursuits for future space endeavors. As the mission unfolds, it captures the essence of India’s space ambitions – to explore, to innovate, and to contribute to the global journey of discovery. Chandrayaan-3 embodies not only the dreams of a nation but the aspirations of humanity to reach beyond the Earth and explore the celestial wonders that await us.

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Essay on Indian Space Program

Students are often asked to write an essay on Indian Space Program in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Indian Space Program

The birth of indian space program.

The Indian Space Program began in 1962 with the Indian National Committee for Space Research. Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, known as the father of India’s space program, led it.

ISRO and its Achievements

In 1969, ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) was formed. ISRO has launched numerous satellites for communication, weather forecasting, and scientific research.

Chandrayaan and Mangalyaan

India’s first lunar mission, Chandrayaan-1, was launched in 2008. In 2013, ISRO launched Mars Orbiter Mission, or Mangalyaan, becoming the first Asian country to reach Mars.

Future of Indian Space Program

ISRO plans to explore more planets, moons, and asteroids. It is working on Chandrayaan-3 and Gaganyaan, India’s first manned mission.

250 Words Essay on Indian Space Program

The genesis of the indian space program, major achievements.

The Indian space program has several notable achievements to its credit. The launch of Aryabhata in 1975 marked India’s maiden satellite launch, followed by the Rohini series of experimental satellites. The INSAT series revolutionized communication, broadcasting, and meteorology. The IRS series, initiated in 1988, has significantly contributed to remote sensing applications. The crowning glory of the Indian space program was the successful Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) in 2014, making India the first Asian country to reach Mars orbit.

Challenges and Future Prospects

Despite significant achievements, the Indian space program faces challenges. These include financial constraints, technological limitations, and the increasing competition in the global space industry. However, ISRO has shown resilience and continues to push boundaries. The future prospects of the Indian space program include the Gaganyaan mission, aiming to send humans to space, and the Chandrayaan-3 mission, aiming to land a rover on the Moon.

The Indian space program, despite its challenges, has made significant strides in space technology and research. It has not only put India on the global space map but also demonstrated the potential of space technology in addressing societal needs. The upcoming missions present exciting opportunities and challenges, promising a bright future for the Indian space program.

500 Words Essay on Indian Space Program

Introduction to the indian space program.

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), India’s premier space agency, has been at the forefront of the Indian Space Program. Since its inception in 1969, ISRO has made significant strides in space technology, putting India on the global map as a formidable player in the space race.

Historical Evolution

The Indian Space Program was initiated by Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, the father of the Indian Space Program, with a vision to use space technology for national development. The program began with small steps, launching sounding rockets from Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station. The first Indian satellite, Aryabhata, was launched in 1975, marking the beginning of a new era in India’s space journey.

Technological Advancements

ISRO has also developed a range of operational satellites, like the Indian National Satellites (INSAT) for communication, Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites for resource monitoring, and Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) for navigation services.

Mission to the Moon and Mars

ISRO’s lunar mission, Chandrayaan-1, in 2008, was a landmark achievement, as it discovered water molecules on the moon’s surface. The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also known as Mangalyaan, made India the first Asian nation to reach Mars orbit and the first nation in the world to do so in its maiden attempt.

Future Prospects

The Indian Space Program has come a long way from its humble beginnings. It has not only made significant contributions to space exploration but has also played a crucial role in national development by providing satellite-based services. The future of the Indian Space Program looks promising, with plans to explore new frontiers and continue contributing to the global understanding of space. The journey of ISRO is a testament to India’s technological prowess and determination, inspiring future generations to dream big and reach for the stars.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

Happy studying!

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India's Space Endeavors

• 20 Oct 2023
• GS Paper - 3
• Space Technology
• Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology

For Prelims: Indian Space Research Organisation , Gaganyaan , NavIC , Project NETRA , Weather forecasting , Bharatiya Antariksha Station.

For Mains: Potential Benefits of India's Growing Involvement in Space Activities, Roadblocks to India’s Space Journey.

Why in News?

Recently, the Prime Minister of India has charted a visionary roadmap for the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) during a review meeting for the upcoming Gaganyaan mission , which is set to be India's first manned mission to space.

What are the Key Aspects of the Roadmap for ISRO?

• This monumental endeavor is expected to be realised by the year 2035.

The International Space Station , currently managed by the US, Russia, Canada, Japan, and European space agencies, is anticipated to be decommissioned by 2030.

• To realise this vision, the Department of Space will develop a roadmap for Moon exploration which will encompass Chandrayaan missions, development of a Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV), construction of a new launch pad, setting up human-centric laboratories, and associated technologies.
• These include the development of a space vehicle for orbiting Venus and another for landing on Mars , indicating a broader commitment to exploring the solar system.

What are the Potential Benefits of India's Growing Involvement in Space Activities?

• Economic Benefits: India's space capabilities bring forth substantial economic benefits by generating revenue through commercial satellite launch services , creating jobs, stimulating technological advancements with cross-industry applications.
• It can also provide India a geopolitical leverage in international negotiations, enabling the country to negotiate more favorable terms in trade, climate accords , and global agreements.
• Satellites can aid in predicting natural disasters , such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and floods , allowing for timely evacuation and resource allocation.
• Farmers could receive precise data on soil conditions, weather patterns, and crop health, enabling them to optimize farming practices and increase yields.
• Affordable Space Tourism : India's cost-effective space capabilities could pave the way for affordable space tourism. With advancements in space technology, suborbital and orbital space tourism might become more accessible to Indian citizens and visitors from around the world, which can in turn generate massive revenue for the country.

What are the Roadblocks to India’s Space Journey?

• Despite significant strides made by the private sector in India's space domain , there remains a substantial journey ahead, posing a formidable challenge in developing cutting-edge technology for space missions demands that require substantial investment.
• Balancing the costs of space exploration with other national priorities , such as healthcare and education, poses financial challenges.
• Also, maintaining sustained investment in space initiatives requires careful planning and support from the government.
• India faces competition with established space powers like the US, Russia, and China , who have made significant strides in space exploration.
• Striking a balance between collaborating with international space agencies and competing on the global stage is crucial.
• The environmental impact of space launches and operations needs to be managed responsibly as increased space activities contribute to space debris , which poses risks to both operational satellites and future space missions.

Way Forward

• Establishment of Space Technology Incubation Centers is a good step in this direction.
• The Virtual Launch Control Center (VLCC) at Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre is a good step in this direction.
• Space Security: Establishing robust cybersecurity measures is crucial to safeguard space assets against potential cyberattacks and data breaches.
• Government-Industry Collaboration: Collaborative efforts between government agencies and private enterprises can leverage the strengths of both sectors to advance space exploration and technology.
• NavIC or the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) and Project NETRA are significant steps in this direction.

UPSC Civil Services Examination, Previous Year Question (PYQ)

Q.1  What is India’s plan to have its own space station and how will it benefit our space programme?  (2019)

Q.2  Discuss India’s achievements in the field of Space Science and Technology. How the application of this technology helped India in its socio-economic development?  (2016)

Q.3 What is the main task of India’s third mood mission which could not be achieved in its earlier mission? List the countries that have achieved this task. Introduce the subsystems in the spacecraft launched and explain the role of the ‘Virtual Launch Control Centre’ at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre which contributed to the successful launch from Sriharikota. (2023)

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Essay on Aditya L1 for School Students: India’s First Solar Mission by ISRO

Essay on aditya l1 mission in english: isro has launched aditya l1 - india's first observatory class space based solar mission on september 2, 2023 at 11.50 am from sriharikota, andhra pradesh, india. get here a unique and easy essay in english along with all details regarding aditya l1 launch date, time, place, etc..

Essay on Aditya L1 Mission: Following the successful landing of Chandrayaan-3 and its commencement of lunar studies, ISRO is now embarking on an exploration mission to investigate the Sun's surface. ISRO has launched the PSLV Rocket from SriHarikota, Andhrs Pradesh, India at 11.50 am on 2nd September, 2023. The rocket will reach the Lagrange point L1 after about four months and will conduct its study from this point.

Essay on Aditya L1 in English

Details About Aditya L1 Mission

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Mission Aditya L-1  Type of Mission Solar mission Conducting Body Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Country India Aditya L1 Mission Launch Date 2 September, 2023 Aditya L1 Mission Launch Time 11:50 AM  Aditya L1 Mission Landing Site  Lagrangian Point 1 Aditya L1 Mission Budget 400 Crore INR Aditya L1 Mission Travel Time Approx. 4 Months Aditya L1 Mission Duration Approx. 5 Years Type of Rocket PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) rocket  Number of Payloads 7 Why is ISRO’s Aditya L1 Mission So Unique? First time spatially resolved solar disk in the near UV band. CME dynamics close to the solar disk (~ from 1.05 solar radius) and thereby providing information in the acceleration regime of CME which is not observed consistently. On-board intelligence to detect CMEs and solar flares for optimised observations and data volume. Directional and energy anisotropy of solar wind using multi-direction observations. Major Objectives of Aditya L1 Mission Understanding Coronal Heating and Solar Wind Acceleration. Understanding initiation of Coronal Mass Ejection (CME), flares and near-earth space weather. To understand coupling and dynamics of the solar atmosphere. To understand solar wind distribution and temperature anisotropy. Our Sun, the nearest star and the largest object in our solar system, is approximately 4.5 billion years old. It consists of hot, glowing hydrogen and helium gases and is located about 150 million kilometers away from Earth. The Sun is the primary source of energy for our solar system, and life on Earth relies on this solar energy. Additionally, the Sun's gravitational force is responsible for holding all the objects in our solar system together. The core of the Sun, situated at its central region, reaches incredibly high temperatures, around 15 million degrees Celsius, where a process known as nuclear fusion occurs, providing the Sun's power. In contrast, the visible surface of the Sun, called the photosphere, is relatively cooler, with a temperature of approximately 5,500°C. Why Is It Important To Study The Sun? Studying the Sun, our nearest star, offers a unique opportunity to gain insights into stars not only in our Milky Way but also in other galaxies. The Sun is a highly dynamic star, exhibiting eruptive phenomena and releasing vast amounts of energy into the solar system. These solar eruptions, if directed towards Earth, can disrupt near-Earth space environments, affecting spacecraft and communication systems. Early warning systems are crucial to mitigate these potential disturbances. Furthermore, exposure to such explosive solar events poses risks to astronauts. The Sun's extreme thermal and magnetic phenomena provide a natural laboratory for studying processes that cannot be replicated in a controlled laboratory setting. Hence, studying the Sun serves both as a window into stellar behavior and as a means to understand extreme natural phenomena with practical implications for space exploration and communication. Why Is It Important To Study The Sun From Space? The Sun emits a wide range of radiation, including light across various wavelengths, energetic particles, and a magnetic field. Earth's atmosphere and magnetic field act as protective barriers, blocking many harmful radiations, particles, and fields from reaching the planet's surface. Consequently, instruments on Earth cannot detect these types of radiation, making it impossible to conduct solar studies based on them. To overcome this limitation, scientists must conduct observations from outside Earth's atmosphere, specifically from space. This approach enables the study of solar radiations and other phenomena that are inaccessible from the Earth's surface. Additionally, to understand the behavior of solar wind particles and the Sun's magnetic field as they travel through interplanetary space, measurements need to be taken from a location far removed from the influence of Earth's magnetic field. Is Aditya L1 A Complete Mission To Study The Sun? The answer to whether Aditya-L1 or any space mission can fully address the study of various solar phenomena is a resounding 'NO.' This limitation arises from the constraints of spacecraft, including mass, power, and volume, which restrict the number and capacity of scientific instruments that can be sent into space. Aditya-L1, for instance, will conduct all its measurements from Lagrange point L1. One significant limitation is that many solar phenomena, such as explosive eruptions, exhibit multi-directional characteristics, making it impossible for Aditya-L1 alone to study their directional distribution of energy. Another potential solution lies in Lagrange point L5, which offers a valuable perspective for studying Earth-directed CME events and assessing space weather. Aditya L1 Payloads Details ISRO’s first observatory class space based solar mission has a total of seven payloads on-board with four of them carrying out remote sensing of the Sun and three of them carrying in-situ observation. Aditya L1: India's Solar Mission - Space Education for Students Aditya L1: Technology and Working Principles behind India’s Solar Mission Get here latest School , CBSE and Govt Jobs notification in English and Hindi for Sarkari Naukari and Sarkari Result . Download the Jagran Josh Sarkari Naukri App . What is the duration of Aditya-L1 mission? + The Aditya L1 rocket will take about 4 months to reach its destination - L1 point. The mission is expected to last for about five years. The satellite will spend its whole mission life orbiting around the L1 point conducting its study on the Sun. What is the budget of Aditya L1 mission? + The overall budget of ISRO's Aditya L1 is about Rs 400 Crore. What is the Aditya L1 Launch vehicle? + The launch vehicle for Aditya L1 is the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV-XL. What is Aditya-L1 launch date? + The Aditya L1 mission by ISRO was launched on Saturday, 2 September 2023 at 11:50 am IST. SSC CGL 2024 Notification SSC MTS 2024 Exam SSC MTS 2024 Notification MP Board Result 2024 UPSC Prelims Cut Off 2024 Bihar BEd Admit Card 2024 Rajasthan BSTC Admit Card 2024 APSC SO Result 2024 APSC SO Admit Card 2024 UPSC CSE Admit Card 2024 Latest Education News Human Eye: Structure And Functioning Virat And Rohit: कैसा है रोहित-विराट का टी20I रिकॉर्ड, कुछ स्टैट्स आपको कर देंगे हैरान? 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In addition, China’s controversial testing of an anti-satellite missile in 2007 has elevated the threat of a slow-moving arms race in space. In this Q&A, NBR speaks with Rajeswari Pillai Rajagopalan, Senior Fellow and Head of the Nuclear and Space Policy Initiative at the Observer Research Foundation in New Delhi, about the new security focus in India’s space program and the country’s primary strategic concerns in this domain. Dr. Rajagopalan also discusses the prospects for potential commercial actors in India’s space sector and the role of foreign partners in the development of new technologies. How has the Indian space program changed in the last decade? Is there a new focus on the military applications of space, and what brought about this shift in focus? India’s space program is several decades old and has been focused primarily on peaceful uses, with a number of scientific and technological applications including telemedicine, tele-education, disaster warning, search and rescue operations, mobile communications, and remote sensing and weather. Given that India is a country with huge developmental challenges, it is always tough to make an argument justifying allocations for space missions that do not have a direct bearing on development. That said, while military functions were not a focus of India’s space program until about a decade ago, they have always been at the back of decision-makers’ minds. Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first post-independence prime minister, and Vikram Sarabhai, the father of India’s space program, understood the relevance of space to India in the national security domain from the program’s inception. Nevertheless, India did not focus much on the security applications of outer space until 2007. The wake-up call for India came when China conducted its first anti-satellite (ASAT) missile test in January 2007. The test clearly illustrated the challenges right in India’s own neighborhood. Beijing came under a huge amount of criticism on two counts: one, for not announcing the test, and two, and more importantly, for creating long-lasting debris in low-earth orbit. While the test generated anger and public outcry, it did not result in any real punitive measures. The informal moratorium on ASAT tests, which had lasted for two and a half decades, was broken by the Chinese ASAT test. Thereafter, the United States tested an ASAT missile in 2008, which the international community was much more comfortable with because it was done openly and did not lead to the creation of long-lasting debris. For India, however, China has been of particular concern. Beijing’s activities in recent years have been driven by competition with the United States, so the capabilities it is developing are much more advanced than what are necessary to deter India. Nonetheless, India has to be mindful of Chinese advances. Following China’s ASAT test, the scientific and technical communities and the Indian Air Force leadership, as well as sections of the political leadership, started debating whether India should be developing its own ASAT capability, and whether this capability should be demonstrated or simulated. India has a missile defense system under development, and the potential for India to acquire an ASAT capability is linked to its missile defense capabilities. The Indian Defence Research and Development Organisation has been developing missile defense capabilities independently but is also increasingly looking to partner with the United States and other countries. In contrast, China has followed the route of developing an ASAT capability first and later developing missile defense based on its ASAT capability. How do China’s space capabilities play into the regional politics of the subcontinent? India is closely monitoring China’s space cooperation initiatives in South Asia. China launched a satellite for Pakistan in 2011, and another for Sri Lanka in 2012. Our concerns are informed by the nuclear precedent; cooperation with China was critical for the Pakistani program. India feels that if Pakistan, which today has very limited space capabilities, cooperated with China, it could become a capable power in the space realm. The two major concerns are an independent Pakistani ASAT capability and further development of Pakistan’s long-range missile capabilities. An ASAT capability is not quite as simple as rocket technology, but it would not be the hardest thing for Pakistan to achieve either. For China, Sri Lanka is extremely important in the maritime security context, and for the Maritime Silk Road program. India–Sri Lanka relations have gone through ups and downs, but the new president, Maithripala Sirisena, and new prime minister, Ranil Wickremesinghe, both have a friendly disposition toward India. Nonetheless, there are strict limits to Indian influence in Colombo. Critically, Sri Lanka is in dire need of economic opportunities and faces huge developmental challenges. Even if India had all the goodwill to support and help Sri Lanka, it does not have the deep pockets that China does. India is concerned that space cooperation may become yet another path for China to make inroads in Colombo. Have India’s positions in multilateral forums on how the space domain should be governed changed with the country’s new focus on military capabilities? Despite India’s new interest in military capabilities in space, official rhetoric and official statements at UN forums, such as the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva, continue to emphasize India’s support for the peaceful and civilian use of outer space and opposition to the weaponization of space capabilities and programs. Nevertheless, there are changes on the ground. There has also been some evolution in India’s stance to developing global regimes for outer space. For instance, if you look at its position in 2011–12, the country was highly critical of the European Union’s effort to develop a code of conduct, arguing that the EU cannot decide what is good for the rest of the world and expect all countries to sign on to the proposal. India has come a long way since then. In the last three years, it has been actively engaged with the United States, all the European countries, and the EU in particular in discussing a code of conduct and other promising mechanisms. Nevertheless, India has continued with its stated position that transparency and confidence-building measures (TCBM) are worthwhile, but they are only complementary to legally binding mechanisms. Having said that, India is also beginning to understand and appreciate that in the current political climate, negotiating international treaties will not be easy as long as reaching consensus among the major powers remains a challenge. India has become slightly more pragmatic and now believes that TCBMs may be a good starting point, allowing for a gradual move toward legally binding mechanisms with all the important clauses on verification and enforcement. The best historical precedent would be the Outer Space Treaty, which started with a very loose set of regulations within the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space that went on to become a treaty in 1967. Has the increased use of space capabilities for military applications changed how India thinks about its reliance on other countries and private actors in space? Contemporary wars, from the first Persian Gulf War onward, have been highly technology-dependent, with C4ISR (command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance) capabilities playing a key role. India appreciates that reliance on the integration of outer space and cyber capabilities will only increase in future conflicts. Through 2013, India had about 25 satellites, of which 4 were dual-use. The military was relying on those 4 satellites and did not have a dedicated military satellite until August 2013, when the first satellite was launched for the Indian Navy for maritime communications. Until then, India was relying on Inmarsat, a British commercial satellite communication provider. The next military satellite will serve the Indian Air Force and Indian Army and will likely have a delayed launch this year. Beyond the maritime domain, India has been relying on foreign partners for many other satellite-based communications and data services. For instance, it continues to rely on NASA for deep space communications. India also works a great deal with France to launch its heavy satellites. What institutional changes has the government made to implement this shift in focus? Until recently, the scientific and technological bureaucracy had been left to set its own goals and achieve whatever it could. The political leadership has failed to take ownership of this particular domain. The government needs to set goals, requirements, and milestones outlining where India wants to be in 2020 and 2030. The scientific bureaucracy’s responsibility should be to achieve those goals. After the Indian Mars Orbiter Mission successfully deployed its orbiter, earning the state a huge amount of positive publicity, Prime Minister Modi began to attach much more importance to space programs and has been focusing more high-level attention on the domain. Last year, the induction of India’s foreign secretary to the space commission for the first time confirmed India’s focus on space from a foreign policy and national security perspective. An older change that also reflects this shift in focus was the creation of the first integrated space cell within the Headquarters of the Integrated Defence Staff in 2008. This cell was formed to create synergy between the Department of Space, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), which is a civilian space agency, and the Ministry of Defence and the military so that these different institutions talk to each other about requirements, capabilities, and relevant policy. An important development in the U.S. space program over the last decade has been the emergence of private sector partners. What role does the private sector play in the Indian space program, and what challenges to further private sector development exist? While the Indian space program is entirely state-driven, ISRO is around 70%–80% reliant on private sector contractors for components and services. There are a huge number of Indian companies providing ISRO with launch and satellite components—the leaders being established engineering and technology firms such as Larsen & Toubro, Walchandnagar Industries, and Godrej, with Tata Aerospace gaining ground. There is also a whole range of new space actors emerging, including several start-up companies based in Bangalore and elsewhere. Most of them are in the small satellite segment, but there are one or two companies talking to ISRO and the larger space community about developing launching capabilities for slightly bigger satellites. But I foresee another seven or eight years before ISRO finalizes a policy that facilitates greater private sector participation, particularly in a role beyond that of component supplier. There have been increasing calls for allowing private sector firms to manage some of the tried and tested programs, which would allow ISRO to refocus on the larger, more ambitious interplanetary missions, as well as purely research-oriented programs. For example, the former ISRO chairman called on Larsen & Toubro to take over India’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle program, which has been an established program for more than a decade now. Privatization may also allow India to increase its launch capacity, which is currently at four to five per year and compares poorly with the twenty or so launches China does on average. Increasing the number of launches is partly an infrastructural problem tied to the number of launch facilities in India, but ISRO also has internal constraints on its capacity to deliver. Dr. A.S. Pillai, formerly the head of the Brahmos missile program, has now moved from the Defence Research and Development Organisation to ISRO to push for greater public-private participation and to explore how India’s space program can leapfrog ahead with the entry of the private sector. One impediment is that India does not have an explicit space policy to guide private sector participation. I and others have argued that it is in India’s interest to make official, even in very broad terms, its space policy, ambitions, and plans for the near future, medium term, and long term. India does have some sector-specific policies, such as for satellite communications and remote sensing data. But these have not been fleshed out well. Industry is unsatisfied, complaining that the policies do not detail how the government will partner with commercial actors. ISRO is currently in the process of developing a full-fledged space policy. This will be put through the Ministry of External Affairs and finally through parliamentary debate, meaning that finalizing the policy will take at least another two years. Which foreign partners have been the most important for India in the history of its space program? Is the relative importance of those partnerships changing, and what opportunities for collaboration has India identified? Our most important international partner in space has been France, which launched most of India’s heavy-payload satellites. Until recently, we were reliant on the French because any satellite that weighs more than two metric tons was always a problem for our own launch vehicles. We lacked the cryogenic engine technology to improve our launchers and failed in the early 1990s to buy it from Russia, which was put under pressure from the United States not to transfer the technology to India. Our indigenous cryogenic engines have only recently undergone a series of successful tests, and we will soon no longer need to rely on our international partners to launch heavy payloads. The other country that has been important for India has been Israel. India and Israel have cooperated in developing advanced imaging and reconnaissance satellites, most notably the RISAT-2. Israel Aerospace Industries and ISRO worked together to develop the RISAT-2 imagery satellite shortly after the Mumbai terrorist attacks. ISRO was already developing RISAT-1, but following the attacks, India decided to work with Israel to launch the RISAT-2 right away, even before the RISAT-1 was complete. RISAT-2, using synthetic aperture radar, is a day-night and all-weather radar-imaging satellite capable of monitoring India’s border areas on a 24/7 basis. Even as RISAT-2 has a number of applications in the realm of agriculture, cyclone tracking, and disaster management, its applications for security and surveillance, including over its immediate waters, have been far more significant. The third important partner has been NASA, with which India has a long history of cooperation, going back to its first launch of a sounding rocket in 1971. However, cooperation was restricted because of the export control regimes and sanctions placed on ISRO and many of its associated institutions following the 1974 and 1998 nuclear tests. This history also explains why India is guarded and secretive about its policies and capabilities. However, after the 2005 U.S.-India civil nuclear agreement, things have begun improving. All ISRO entities have now been removed from the sanctions list, and there is more cooperation at every level. The United States is now talking about bringing India into the global export control regimes, and India has been tweaking and adjusting its export control lists to facilitate this process. While Russia has been a key partner to India in the defense realm, space cooperation has been limited. However, even that limited cooperation has come under strain. For instance, Russia was supposed to supply a Lunokhod rover and a lander for India’s Chandrayaan-2 mission, but it has faced several delays. In the face of this, India reportedly may develop its own lander for the mission—thus, the Chandrayaan-2 is being reconfigured with an Indian orbiter, lander, and rover. Some Russian experts say the delays may be a result of Chinese pressure on Russia to limit cooperation with India. In the face of the Ukraine crisis, Russian scholars talk about how the country needs a strong voice on its side. India cannot play that role, but China can. Although China does not have much to gain from Russia in terms of new technologies, Beijing appears willing to see what it can gain through this cooperation. The advanced space cooperation between these two countries sparks a lot of apprehension and wariness in India. Rajeswari Rajagopalan is Senior Fellow and Head of the Nuclear and Space Policy Initiative at the Observer Research Foundation in New Delhi. Prior to this, she spent five years at the National Security Council Secretariat (2003–7), where she was an Assistant Director. This interview was conducted by Xiaodon Liang, an Intern with the Political and Security Affairs group at NBR. privatization Share full article Advertisement What’s Next for India in Space Exploration In addition to the scientific results of Chandrayaan-3, India is preparing a joint lunar exploration with Japan. By Hari Kumar and Mujib Mashal Aug. 23, 2023 India has a busy decade of space exploration ahead. S. Somanath, the director of Indian Space Research Organization, has described the current moment as an inflection point, as the country opens its space programs to private investors after half a century of state monopoly that made advances but at “a shoestring budget mode of working.” A large share of India’s space efforts in the coming years will focus on the moon. In addition to the scientific results of Chandrayaan-3, India is preparing a joint lunar exploration with Japan, in which India will provide the lander and Japan the launch vehicle and the rover. The robotic mission, known as LUPEX, is also intended for exploring the South Pole of the moon. Although an Indian astronaut flew to orbit in 1984, the country has never sent humans to space on its own. It is therefore preparing its first astronaut mission to space, called Gaganyaan. But the project, which aims to send three Indian astronauts to space on the country’s own spacecraft, has faced delays, and ISRO has not announced a date for it. ISRO will first have to conduct a test flight of the Gaganyaan spacecraft with no astronauts aboard. Officials have said they are at the stage of perfecting the crew escape system, and they said this month that they had tested the drogue parachutes, which help stabilize the capsule that the astronauts will ride as they return to Earth. Additionally, India is preparing for the Aditya-L1 mission, which plans to study the sun, in early September. ISRO officials have said that it will carry seven payloads to study the photosphere chromosphere and the outermost layers of the sun using electromagnetic and particle detectors. Another mission is the collaborative NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar, or NISAR, which will monitor changes in our planet’s land and ice surfaces from orbit. It is slated to launch from India next year. The country will also launch a second Mars orbiter mission. The first Mars mission, Mangalyaan, successfully entered the planet’s orbit in 2014 and remained in communication with ISRO until the mission concluded in 2022 when the spacecraft lost power . It made India the first country to achieve Martian orbit on its first attempt, and demonstrated that the country could show scientific prowess even when resources are constrained: The mission’s budget of about $75 million was less than the $100 million budget of the Hollywood space film “Gravity.” Hari Kumar is a reporter in the New Delhi bureau. He joined The Times in 1997. More about Hari Kumar Mujib Mashal is The Times’s bureau chief for South Asia. Born in Kabul, he wrote for magazines including The Atlantic, Harper’s and Time before joining The Times. More about Mujib Mashal 337 COMMENTS Indian Space Program Essay We are providing students with a long essay of 500 words and a short essay of 150 words on the topic Indian Space Program for reference. Long Essay on Indian Space Program 500 Words in English Long Essay on Indian Space Program is usually given to classes 7, 8, 9, and 10. Essay on India in Space India's journey in space exploration has been marked by significant milestones. The launch of the first satellite, Aryabhata, in 1975 marked the beginning of India's independent space journey. However, the launch of Chandrayaan-1 in 2008, which discovered water molecules on the moon, and the Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) in 2013, which made ... Essay on India's Achievements in Space 500 Words Essay on India's Achievements in Space Introduction. India's journey into space exploration began with small steps in the late 1960s and has since evolved into a fully-fledged space program that is recognized globally. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has been the pioneer and driving force behind this success. The Future of Space Exploration: India's Role Following the triumphant soft landing of Chandrayaan 3 on the lunar south pole last week, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is poised for yet another monumental stride. Today, from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, ISRO is set to embark on the launch of the Aditya-L1 Mission. This historic mission heralds India's first venture into space-based solar observatories ... Why does India want to be a space power? On 14 July 2023, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched a rocket from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota in southern India that sent India's third lunar exploration mission, Chandrayaan-3, consisting of a propulsion module, a lander and a rover.The lander touched down on the surface of the moon on 23 August 2023, making India the fourth country in the world, after ... Essay On ISRO in English for Students 500 Words Essay On ISRO. ISRO, the Indian Space Research Organization, is India's national space agency that is located in the city of Bengaluru. Furthermore, the Department of Space Government of India controls the ISRO space agency. Let us learn more about this space agency with this essay on ISRO. India's Space Odyssey: A Global Reunion: Essay for Students India's foray into space had the backing of major international players such as the US, USSR, and France. This global partnership was instrumental in fast-tracking India's development phases. However, two significant events created disruptions. India's nuclear detonations in 1974 and the Western world's focus on curbing missile ... 5 most successful space missions from India It provided valuable data on Martian surface and atmosphere and demonstrated India's cost-effective space technology. Mangalyaan (2013) Although its lander failed to achieve a soft landing, the orbiter of Chandrayaan-2 continues to provide high-resolution images and valuable data on the Moon's surface, furthering India's lunar exploration efforts. India's Space Exploration Affairs The history of space exploration dates backs over 70 years when several experimental rocket launches were conducted time after time by the Soviet Union (Siddiqi, 2003). This came as a result of man's big desire to travel to space and get to explore the outer space environment. This riddle, however, appeared to get an answer when the Soviet ... Essay on ISRO: India's Pride in Space for Students The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is the national space agency of India. It is responsible for developing and implementing space programs for peaceful purposes. ISRO was established in 1969, and it has since made significant contributions to India's space program. Space is the final frontier of human exploration and discovery. Indian Space Program: Phases and Achievements Some of the other functions of the Indian Space Program are: Download Timetable and Study Plan ⇓. (1) ⇒ UPSC Mains Test Series 2024. (2) ⇒ UPSC Prelims Test Series 2025. (3) ⇒ UPSC Fight Back 2025. (4) ⇒ UPSC Prelims cum Mains 2025. Resource management such as mineral resources, agriculture, marine resources, etc. Essay on Chandrayaan-3 in English for Children and Students Here's a simple Chandrayaan 3 essay in English 100 words. After the successes and challenges of Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2, Chandrayaan-3 embarked on India's renewed attempt for lunar exploration. Launched on July 14, 2023, this mission reinforced India's dedication to demonstrating technological prowess in space. How India has slowly but surely become a major player in space 30 April 2024. India launched Chandrayaan-3 to the moon last year. ISRO. If India seems like a latecomer to space flight, it is only because the country's space agency has been slowly and ... The history and motivations behind India's growing space program In 2023, India became the fourth nation to successfully land a spacecraft on the Moon. The success of the Chandrayaan-3 mission helped establish India as a capable space power and bolstered its growing space ambitions. The history of India's space program is in many ways the inverse of the history of the U.S. and Russia's programs. A Chronology Of Milestones In Indian Space Exploration 1975. The Aryabhata satellite ISRO. The Aryabhata satellite stood as India's inaugural venture into space, marking a historic milestone. Named after the ancient Indian mathematician, the Aryabhata satellite aimed to conduct scientific experiments in X-ray astronomy, solar physics, and other realms. Carried into orbit by a Soviet launch vehicle ... India's Space Program, Ambitions, and Activities Namrata Goswami India's Space Program, Ambitions, and ActivitiesNamrata GoswamiT he Indian space p. ogram is one of the most advanced among Asian spacefaring nations. India's demonstrated space capacities, both civilian and military, include missions to the Moon and Mars, Earth observation and navigation, anti-satellite (ASAT) weapons capability, and th. ISRO The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO / ˈ ɪ s r oʊ /) is India's national space agency.It operates as the most principal research and development arm of the Department of Space (DoS), which is directly overseen by the Prime Minister of India, with the Chairman of ISRO also serving as the chief executive of the DoS.. ISRO has the world's largest constellation of remote-sensing ... Essay On Chandrayaan-3: India's Third Lunar Exploration Mission Short Essay & Paragraph About Chandrayaan-3: India's Third Lunar Exploration Mission. At the heart of Chandrayaan-3 lies a pioneering objective - achieving a safe and precise soft landing on the lunar surface, particularly on the southern polar region. The significance of this endeavor cannot be overstated. The southern polar region of the ... Essay on Indian Space Program 250 Words Essay on Indian Space Program The Genesis of the Indian Space Program. India's space program, managed by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), was established in 1962. The program was born out of a vision to harness space technology for national development and to provide practical solutions to real-world problems. India's Space Endeavors Landing an Indian astronaut on the Moon by the year 2040. This lunar mission promises to be a historic achievement for the nation. To realise this vision, the Department of Space will develop a roadmap for Moon exploration which will encompass Chandrayaan missions, development of a Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV), construction of a new launch pad, setting up human-centric laboratories ... Aditya L1 Essay in English: Short, Long Essay Writing with All Details Essay on Aditya L1 Mission in English: ISRO has launched Aditya L1 - India's first observatory class space based solar mission on September 2, 2023 at 11.50 am from Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh ... Indian Space Programs India has one of the world's most active space programmes, with a diverse set of missions and accomplishments in the space sector. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is India's primary space agency. It has made significant contributions in areas such as satellite launch technology, remote sensing, and space exploration, from launching its very first satellite in 1975 to embarking on ... India's Space Program: Challenges, Opportunities, and Strategic Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first post-independence prime minister, and Vikram Sarabhai, the father of India's space program, understood the relevance of space to India in the national security domain from the program's inception. Nevertheless, India did not focus much on the security applications of outer space until 2007. What's Next for India in Space Exploration By Hari Kumar and Mujib Mashal. Aug. 23, 2023. India has a busy decade of space exploration ahead. S. Somanath, the director of Indian Space Research Organization, has described the current moment ... assignment essay homework paper phd report resume review speech thesis