accountant business plan writer

Accounting Business Plan Template

Written by Dave Lavinsky

Accounting Business Plan

Over the past 20+ years, we have helped over 500 entrepreneurs and business owners create business plans to start and grow their accounting firms. 

In this article, you will learn some background information on why business planning is important. Then, you will learn how to write an accounting business plan step-by-step so you can create your plan today.

Download our Ultimate Business Plan Template here >

What Is an Accounting Business Plan?

A business plan provides a snapshot of your accounting business as it stands today, and lays out your growth plan for the next five years. It explains your business goals and your strategies for reaching them. It also includes market research to support your plans.

Why You Need a Business Plan for Your Accounting Firm

If you’re looking to start an accounting firm or grow your existing accounting business, you need a business plan. A business plan will help you raise funding, if needed, and plan out the growth of your accounting business to improve your chances of success. Your accounting business plan is a living document that should be updated annually as your company grows and changes.

Sources of Funding for Accounting Firms

With regards to funding, the main sources of funding for an accounting firm are personal savings, credit cards, bank loans, and angel investors. When it comes to bank loans, banks will want to review your business plan and gain confidence that you will be able to repay your loan and interest. To acquire this confidence, the loan officer will not only want to ensure that your financials are reasonable, but they will also want to see a professional plan. Such a plan will give them the confidence that you can successfully and professionally operate a business. Personal savings and bank loans are the most common funding paths for accounting firms.

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How to write a business plan for an accounting firm.

If you want to start an accounting business or expand your current one, you need a business plan. The guide below details the necessary information for how to write each essential component of your accounting business plan.

Executive Summary

Your executive summary provides an introduction to your business plan, but it is normally the last section you write because it provides a summary of each key section of your plan.

The goal of your executive summary is to quickly engage the reader. Explain to them the kind of accounting business you are running and the status. For example, are you a startup, do you have an accounting business that you would like to grow, or are you operating an established accounting business you would like to sell? 

Next, provide an overview of each of the subsequent sections of your plan. 

• Give a brief overv iew of the accounting industry. 
• Discuss the type of accounting business you are operating. 
• Detail your direct competitors. Give an overview of your target customers. 
• Provide a snapshot of your marketing strategy. Identify the key members of your team. 
• Offer an overview of your financial plan.

Company Overview

In your company overview, you will detail the type of accounting business you are operating.

For example, you might specialize in one of the following types of accounting firms:

• Full Service Accounting Firm: Offers a wide range of accounting services. 
• Bookkeeping Firm: Typically serves small business clients by maintaining their company finances. 
• Tax Firm: Offers tax accounting services for businesses and individuals. 
• Audit Firm: Offers auditing services for companies, organizations, and individuals. 

In addition to explaining the type of accounting business you will operate, the company overview needs to provide background on the business.

Include answers to questions such as:

• When and why did you start the business?
• What milestones have you achieved to date? Milestones could include the number of clients served, or the amount of revenue earned. 
• Your legal business structure. Are you incorporated as an S-Corp? An LLC? A sole proprietorship? Explain your legal structure here.

Industry Analysis

In your industry or market analysis, you need to provide an overview of the accounting industry.

While this may seem unnecessary, it serves multiple purposes.

First, researching the accounting industry educates you. It helps you understand the market in which you are operating. 

Secondly, market research can improve your marketing strategy, particularly if your analysis identifies market trends.

The third reason is to prove to readers that you are an expert in your industry. By conducting the research and presenting it in your plan, you achieve just that.

The following questions should be answered in the industry analysis section of your accounting business plan:

• How big is the accounting industry (in dollars)?
• Is the market declining or increasing?
• Who are the key competitors in the market?
• Who are the key suppliers in the market?
• What trends are affecting the industry?
• What is the industry’s growth forecast over the next 5 – 10 years?
• What is the relevant market size? That is, how big is the potential target market for your accounting business? You can extrapolate such a figure by assessing the size of the market in the entire country and then applying that figure to your local population.

Customer Analysis

The customer analysis section of your accounting business plan must detail the customers you serve and/or expect to serve.

The following are examples of customer segments: individuals, organizations, government entities, and corporations.

As you can imagine, the customer segment(s) you choose will have a great impact on the type of accounting business you operate. Clearly, individuals would respond to different marketing promotions than corporations, for example.

Try to break out your target customers in terms of their demographic and psychographic profiles. With regards to demographics, including a discussion of the ages, genders, locations, and income levels of the potential customers you seek to serve.

Psychographic profiles explain the wants and needs of your target customers. The more you can recognize and define these needs, the better you will do in attracting and retaining your customers.

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Competitive Analysis

Your competitive analysis should identify the indirect and direct competitors your business faces and then focus on the latter.

Direct competitors are othe r accounting firms. 

Indirect competitors are other options that customers have to purchase from that aren’t directly competing with your product or service. This includes CPAs, other accounting service providers, or bookkeeping firms. You need to mention such competition as well.

For each such competitor, provide an overview of their business and document their strengths and weaknesses. Unless you once worked at your competitors’ businesses, it will be impossible to know everything about them. But you should be able to find out key things about them such as

• What types of customers do they serve?
• What type of accounting business are they?
• What is their pricing (premium, low, etc.)?
• What are they good at?
• What are their weaknesses?

With regards to the last two questions, think about your answers from the customers’ perspective. And don’t be afraid to ask your competitors’ customers what they like most and least about them.

The final part of your competitive analysis section is to document your areas of competitive advantage. For example:

• Will you provide options for multiple customer segments?
• Will you offer products or services that your competition doesn’t?
• Will you provide better customer service?
• Will you offer better pricing?

Think about ways you will outperform your competition and document them in this section of your plan.  

Marketing Plan

Traditionally, a marketing plan includes the four P’s: Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. For a accounting business plan, your marketing strategy should include the following:

Product : In the product section, you should reiterate the type o f accounting company that you documented in your company overview. Then, detail the specific products or services you will be offering. For example, will you provide auditing services, tax accounting, bookkeeping, or risk accounting services?

Price : Document the prices you will offer and how they compare to your competitors. Essentially in the product and price sub-sections of yo ur plan, yo u are presenting the products and/or services you offer and their prices.

Place : Place refers to the site of your accounting company. Document where your company is situated and mention how the site will impact your success. For example, is your accounting business located in a busy retail district, a business district, a standalone office, or purely online? Discuss how your site might be the ideal location for your customers.

Promotions : The final part of your accounting marketing plan is where you will document how you will drive potential customers to your location(s). The following are some promotional methods you might consider:

• Advertise in local papers, radio stations and/or magazines
• Reach out to websites 
• Distribute flyers
• Engage in email marketing
• Advertise on social media platforms
• Improve the SEO (search engine optimization) on your website for targeted keywords

Operations Plan

While the earlier sections of your business plan explained your goals, your operations plan describes how you will meet them. Your operations plan should have two distinct sections as follows.

Everyday short-term processes include all of the tasks involved in running your accounting business, including answering calls, scheduling meetings with clients, billing and collecting payments, etc. 

Long-term goals are the milestones you hope to achieve. These could include the dates when you expect to book your Xth client, or when you hope to reach $X in revenue. It could also be when you expect to expand your accounting business to a new city.  

Management Team

To demonstrate your accounting business’ potential to succeed, a strong management team is essential. Highlight your key players’ backgrounds, emphasizing those skills and experiences that prove their ability to grow a company. 

Ideally, you and/or your team members have direct experience in managing accounting businesses. If so, highlight this experience and expertise. But also highlight any experience that you think will help your business succeed.

If your team is lacking, consider assembling an advisory board. An advisory board would include 2 to 8 individuals who would act as mentors to your business. They would help answer questions and provide strategic guidance. If needed, look for advisory board members with experience in managing an accounting business or bookkeeping firm.   

Financial Plan

Your financial plan should include your 5-year financial statement broken out both monthly or quarterly for the first year and then annually. Your financial statements include your income statement, balance s heet, and cash flow statements.

Income Statement

An income statement is more commonly called a Profit and Loss statement or P&L. It shows your revenue and then subtracts your costs to show whether you turned a profit or not.

In developing your income statement, you need to devise assumptions. For example, will you see 5 clients per day, and/or offer discounts for referrals ? And will sales grow by 2% or 10% per year? As you can imagine, your choice of assumptions will greatly impact the financial forecasts for your business. As much as possible, conduct research to try to root your assumptions in reality.

Balance Sheets

Balance sheets show your assets and liabilities. While balance sheets can include much information, try to simplify them to the key items you need to know about. For instance, if you spend $50,000 on building out your accounting business, this will not give you immediate profits. Rather it is an asset that will hopefully help you generate profits for years to come. Likewise, if a lender writes you a check for $50,000, you don’t need to pay it back immediately. Rather, that is a liability you will pay back over time.

Cash Flow Statement

Your cash flow statement will help determine how much money you need to start or grow your business, and ensure you never run out of money. What most entrepreneurs and business owners don’t realize is that you can turn a profit but run out of money and go bankrupt. 

When creating your Income Statement and Balance Sheets be sure to include several of the key costs needed in starting or growing a accounting business:

• Cost of equipment and office supplies
• Payroll or salaries paid to staff
• Business insurance
• Other start-up expenses (if you’re a new business) like legal expenses, permits, computer software, and equipment

Attach your full financial projections in the appendix of your plan along with any supporting documents that make your plan more compelling. For example, you might include your office location lease or a list of your most prominent clients.    Summary Writing a business plan for your accounting business is a worthwhile endeavor. If you follow the accounting business plan example above, by the time you are done, you will truly be an expert. You will understand the accounting industry, your competition, and your customers. You will develop a marketing strategy and will understand what it takes to launch and grow a successful accounting business.  

Accounting Business Plan Template FAQs

What is the easiest way to complete my accounting business plan.

Growthink's Ultimate Business Plan Template allows you to quickly and easily write your accounting business plan.

How Do You Start an Accounting Business?

Starting an accounting business is easy with these 14 steps:

• Choose the Name for Your Accounting Business
• Create Your Accounting Business Plan
• Choose the Legal Structure for Your Accounting Business
• Secure Startup Funding for Your Accounting Business (If Needed)
• Secure a Location for Your Business
• Register Your Accounting Business with the IRS
• Open a Business Bank Account
• Get a Business Credit Card
• Get the Required Business Licenses and Permits
• Get Business Insurance for Your Accounting Business
• Buy or Lease the Right Accounting Business Equipment
• Develop Your Accounting Business Marketing Materials
• Purchase and Setup the Software Needed to Run Your Accounting Business
• Open for Business

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Create a Winning Accounting Firm Business Plan: A Step-by-Step Guide

Starting your own accounting accounting firm is an exciting yet challenging endeavour. It's certainly hard work and there are a lot of aspects to consider before taking the plunge. Before launching any business, you need to devise a solid business plan to guide you on your journey. Business plans clarify what you're doing, what you hope to achieve, and how you'll get there.

There are a lot of components that make up a business plan. Bringing everything together into a logical and cohesive document is not always an easy thing to do.

Key Takeaways from this Post

For this reason, I've created this step-by-step guide to composing a winning accounting firm business plan. It includes all the sections that you'll need to cover in your plan, what they mean for your business, and how to craft them.

What is an Accounting Firm Business Plan?

An accounting firm business plan is a document that details a plan of action for starting and running  accounting firms. It will articulate your objectives and strategies for reaching your goals. A business plan will also detail your budget, along with the services you'll provide.

A business plan is often used as a way of obtaining funding for a business venture. A finance provider will look at your business plan and use it, along with other information, to decide whether or not to offer you a business loan or to invest in your firm.

Business plans should be updated annually and used as a guide for understanding whether your business is on track. Adjust your business plan as needed to help you grow your business further, get more funding, and gain more clients through your marketing efforts. Your plan must also specify the best business structure for your firm.

Why do You Need an Accounting Firm Business Plan?

An accounting firm business plan has the following advantages:

• Articulate your vision: Having an idea is great but you need to hone in on it and articulate the exact steps to bring your vision to life.
• Viability: A business plan will help you learn whether or not your business strategy or idea is actually viable, both financially and practically.
• Secure investments: As touched upon earlier, a business plan can help you bring investors onboard and secure the funding you need to take off.
• Identify and address risks: Creating a business plan should force you to look at your business idea from all angles, while asking yourself important questions that'll help you identify and address potential risks.
• Create a marketing strategy: A marketing strategy is a big part of your business plan. It'll make you think about who you'll market to and precisely how you'll do it.
• Reach your goals: A business plan can clarify your goals, both long-term and short-term, and give you something to focus on to reach them.

How to Create Your Accounting Firm Business Plan

There is no definitive rule for what components to include in a business plan. Here is a potential structure for your accounting firm business plan:

• Executive Summary
• Company Description
• SWOT Analysis
• Market Analysis
• Marketing and Sales Strategy
• Financial Operations, Projections, and Plan

1. Executive Summary

Your Executive Summary summarises your business. It begins with a short text that includes key elements of your business and services, like what you'll do, how you'll do it, and what you'll require to do it. For example:

[Name of firm] provides eCommerce accounting , tax management, and bookkeeping services to small eCommerce businesses within the UK. Currently a one-person accounting firm owned and run by [your name], the business will hire an administrative assistant and invest in marketing solutions to bring in new clients. This business plan outlines the business objectives and strategies for growth over the next one year, three years, and five years.

Products and Services

After your initial statement, detail the products and services your firm does/will provide. List your services and then any subgroups within the services. For example:

Tax services

• Tax planning
• Tax return preparation
• Tax return filing
• Audit representation

Underneath each section, write a paragraph discussing the services in more detail, including the charge to clients and any potential cost to yourself. Although it might be difficult at this early stage, you can specify how many hours per week you are able to dedicate to each service.

Your vision is basically your objectives; that is, your business goals. These could be goals for different interims, such as one year, three years, and five years. And, they can include goals for growth, such as gaining X amount of clients and generating X amount of revenue. You could also include goals to hire more staff to achieve these overall goals and enable you to offer more services.

You mission is more focused on your current situation and what you're doing to achieve your goals. For example, your mission could be to offer the best value for money, provide clients with valuable insights that'll help their businesses to grow, or to ensure tax compliance regardless of jurisdiction. And of course, you can specify multiple areas of your mission.

Keys to Achieving Vision

Note a few different ways you can achieve your vision and enhance your overall success. This could be, for example, prioritising excellent client communication, investing in further training, and developing trust with clients to build long-term relationships.

2. Company Description

Begin with a short summary of your company. Who owns it, when it was/will be founded, and what you do. If you've already launched your business, you'll want to include historical details, such as annual revenues and start up investments. You must also detail your business structure.

It would be useful to include a clear graph or table detailing past sales, and gross and net profits, showing side-by-side yearly comparisons. If you haven't yet launched, you'll want to include your specific plans for the company.

Roles and Responsibilities

In this section, discuss concisely the roles that will be filled that'll help your business achieve its visions. And, what the responsibilities are for those fulfilling the roles. Roles could include:

• Admin assistant
• Receptionist

If you're a lone ranger, still complete this section and detail your responsibilities within the firm and how these contribute to your overall goals.

3. SWOT Analysis

Next up you'll complete your SWOT analysis. This is a method for critically analysing your business, skills, and the resources available to you. The well-known planning tool forces you to consider all angles and potential outcomes of your business, both good and bad.

Here are the components that make up a SWOT analysis:

Your strengths are the things that your company does, or will do, well. They are the areas that you currently excel at and the qualities that set you above, and give you an advantage over, your competitors.

Ask yourself questions like:

• What skills do I have?
• What is the business's USP?
• What does my business do particularly well?

Some examples of strengths include:

• Your extensive experience and years of training.
• Your expertise in a particular area.
• Offering a personable service.
• Strong capital for starting up.
• High marketing budget.

On the flip side, you have your weaknesses. These are things that go against you and your business, particularly when compared with competitors. They are the things that put you behind other firms. Understanding your weaknesses can help you to improve on them or find workarounds.

• What areas of accounting do I lack skills in?
• What do competitors have that I don't?
• What are my limitations when it comes to capital and resources?

Some examples of weaknesses include:

• A small start up and marketing budget.
• Not as well known as competitors.
• Not able to offer the same services as competitors.
• Not enough staff to accommodate many clients.

Opportunities

Here, you'll identify opportunities within your business to improve, grow, learn, and develop. They are opportunities within your niche and industry, as well as within the business itself.

Ask yourself the following questions to identify opportunities:

• Are there any gaps in the market that competitors aren't taking advantage of?
• Are there any ways to secure more funding for my business?
• What technology could help my business?
• Do competitors have any weaknesses that would benefit my business?
• Are there any opportunities for business expansion, either geographically or by expanding my services.

Here are some examples of opportunities:

• Connect with potential clients on social media.
• Technology that allows you to offer more services and saves you time, such as sales tax software for accountants .
• A growing need for eCommerce accounting.
• Not much local competition for eCommerce accounting.

The 'T' in SWOT stands for Threats. These are the things that could potentially harm your business and impact it in a negative way. By identifying these possibilities early, you can take mitigating steps to eliminate or minimise the damage threats could do to your business.

These are some questions that'll help you identify possible threats:

• In what ways do our weaknesses harm our business?
• Are there any economic, social, or political factors that could negatively impact my accounting firm?
• Is our target market expanding or shrinking?
• In what ways could my competitors harm my business in the future?
• Could technology be used against me or have a negative impact on my business?

And here are some potential threats to your business:

• eCommerce accounting could become a more widely-adopted service, leading to higher competition.
• Technology that you rely on might crash or not work as intended.
• Technology might allow businesses to do their own accounting.

4. Market Analysis

A market analysis defines and articulates the current state of your market. It looks at things like the value of the market, market trends, customer segmentation, and your competitive market.

Begin this section with a market summary. This is a paragraph explaining the market, such as who you're targeting and why they'd hire or outsource an accountant that offers the same key services as you. This shows potential investors that you understand the industry and its potential.

Market Trends

There are loads of different aspects of market trends, like social media trends, historical trends, demographic trends, and seasonal trends.

• Begin this section by defining what market trends you'll be looking into. Once you know this, you can go ahead and define your goal for analysing market trends. For instance, you might want to identify purchasing patterns or gather data to help project revenue. Whatever your goal is, write it down.
• Write a plan as to how you'll carry out your market trend analysis. This needs to be done over a period of time so you can identify patterns within the market. You should also do this regularly so you can keep up with changing trends.
• Now you can choose your tools. Different software can reveal critical insights into market trends, patterns, and opportunities. Prioritise tools that offer a user-friendly dashboard that clearly shows your data in the form of easy-to-understand graphs.
• Play around with different filters, asking the right questions, and analysing the right data. Record your findings in this section of your business plan, along with how you found them and why it matters.

Target Market

You must now define and segment your target market. So for example, you might target small businesses and new businesses within a specific geographical area, such as the UK.

During your research for your business plans, you identify that there are currently X amount of businesses that meet that specific criteria. Write a short paragraph defining each segment. For example, you could classify a new business as one that's less than a year old.

This is your target market.

You can break your figures down further by specifying the percentage of each segment. For example, small businesses might make up 65% of your potential customers. New businesses might make up 30%, while 5% could be classified as 'Other businesses'.

Write how and why you'll accommodate each segment.

Competitive Analysis

Next up you must analyse your competitors and the competitive landscape. Separate your direct competitors from your indirect ones. Your direct competitors are other accounting firms. Indirect competitors are the other options that businesses have, such as subscribing to a SaaS or a bookkeeping firm.

Once you've identified your direct competitors, detail things like pricing, types of customers, services they offer, and their strengths and weaknesses. Now articulate what you'll do to set your accounting firm apart from competitors and give you a competitive advantage. For example, offering a different service or better prices.

Side note: We touched on this competitive landscape analysis earlier during our SWOT analysis. The Swot analysis should be short, scannable bullet points while this section dives in deeper into the analysis.

5. Marketing and Sales Strategy

Developing marketing and sales strategies is a critical part of your business planning efforts. They define your long term and short term plans for promoting your business and selling your accountancy services, in addition to a sales forecast.

Your marketing plan clarifies your long-term marketing goals, along with the methods and channels you'll use for marketing. Marketing focuses on promoting your services and getting your key points out there for potential clients to see.

List each of your marketing methods, and include some details and context about each. For example:

• Monthly advertisements of specific or general services in local publications. Track the ads' performance over time to determine ROI.
• Optimise website for search engines by investing significantly in SEO. Work with a specialised service that'll ensure our site is at the top of search engines.
• Implement social media marketing by creating engaging content for our target audience. Reply to comments, ask for reviews, and maintain an open dialogue.
• Apply to be in accountant directories, such as Xero or QuickBooks. (Link My Books also has an accountant directory where customers can find an expert accountant that meets their specific needs.)

Your sales strategy is more focused on how you'll convert potential clients into actual paying clients. So for example, you might communicate directly with leads, offer special discounts, or run a referral scheme that directly gets you more sales. Specify your sales tactics in this section, similar to how you did it with marketing.

Sales Forecast

Begin this section by creating your pricing strategy. Now detail your sales forecast of each service and how much you expect to earn on each. Create a table and possibly graphs displaying your projections.

Take into account how your marketing efforts are likely to impact your sales. Also outline what your sales forecast shows and what the circumstances are for each particular forecast. For instance, costs associated with travelling to meet clients, the number of hours you'll dedicate, and how many members of staff you'll have.

6. Financial Operations, Projections, and Plan

A financial plan is the final component of your business planning document. It is an important and detailed inclusion that could help you secure funding for your new business venture. The financial projections are essential and must be as detailed as possible.

Your financial plan will consist of the following:

• Costs: Specify your assumed costs such as rent, marketing, paying staff, necessary equipment, and technology. If this is set to change, for example, you might spend more on marketing during the first year before word of mouth kicks in, include this in your costs outline too.
• Capital requirements: In this section, write down how much capital you need and break down what it's for. Detail what the funds will be spent on, such as marketing, salaries, etc. Write your plan on how you'll gain funding for your new business.
• Key assumptions: Summarise your expenses based on key assumptions like how many clients you'll have per year (increasing year on year) and how much rent you'll need to pay.
• Cash flow statement: Use the key assumptions, along with your sales forecast above, to create a cash flow statement, income statement, and balance sheet for a five year period. Include how much revenue you'll generate for each service.

How Link My Books Can Help

Link My Books is an automated bookkeeping software that let's you put your clients' bookkeeping on autopilot. Designed for eCommerce businesses and accountants, our specialised software automatically transfers sales data to accounting software, like Xero or QuickBooks.

Link My Books will save you around six hours per month on every one of your clients. This affords you considerably more time to take on more clients, and offer a more comprehensive and complete service.

These are some of the core features that make Link My Books an essential tool for accountants:

Profit and Loss Summary Statements

Link My Books produces accurate profit and loss summary statements for each of your clients' sales channels. It breaks down data, clearly showing revenue and expenses, like sales, refunds, fees, advertising costs. You can manually transfer these to your eCommerce accounting software , view them in your Link My Books dashboard, or set it to autopilot so it transfers them automatically.

Tax Management

Link My Books calculates taxes on every product your clients sell. When you sign up, you'll complete the Guided Tax Wizard (or opt for a free onboarding session), where you'll input information that'll ensure the correct tax rates are applied to each sale.

The calculations are accurate, regardless of where in the world your clients operate. This information is also sent to accounting software, simplifying the preparation and sending of tax returns

Analytics and Reporting

Link My Books has some powerful analytical tools that'll help you with your business planning efforts, including market analysis. One tool is called Benchmarking and this gives you a percentile ranking of how your client's business is performing compared to others in their industry. It looks at data like sales growth percentage and refund ratio, to name a couple.

Another tool is called P & L by Channel. This tool allows you to compare performance across different sales channels. You can do side-by-side comparisons of data like sales, fees, shipping costs, and refunds. You can also apply date filters.

Integrations

Link My Books facilitates thorough eCommerce accountancy services by having plenty of available integrations. Connect with sales channels like Amazon, Shopify, TikTok Shop, and eBay, among others. And, connect as many as you and your clients need.

Link My Books integrates with both Xero and QuickBooks (two of the best accounting software), along with all payment processors, including PayPal and Klarna.

Start Your Business Planning Efforts With a Solid Accounting Firm Business Plan

While business planning is not an easy thing to do, it doesn't have to be as complicated as you might think either. Following business plan templates like the one above can keep you on the right track and ensure you include everything you need to.

Successful businesses almost always begin with solid business plans. These plans should detail your business structure, legal structure, accountancy services, and financial projections, to name a few aspects. They're also essential for clarifying your goals and pinpointing any challenges you might face.

Part of your business planning endeavours also involves choosing what technology to use. Accounting firms around the world trust Link My Books to save them hours every month on every client. It does this by taking bookkeeping off your hands and putting it on autopilot.

Start as you mean to go on. Sign up for your free Link My Books trial and make sure you have the time to dedicate to your clients and your business growth.  

Keep reading

Creating an accounting firm business plan is an essential step to take before you launch your business. Not sure how? Follow this step-by-step guide.

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Accounting Business Plan Template

Written by Dave Lavinsky

Accounting Business Plan

You’ve come to the right place to create your Accounting business plan.

We have helped over 5,000 entrepreneurs and business owners create business accounting plans and many have used them to start or grow their accounting firms.

Below is a template to help you create each section of your Accounting business plan.

Executive Summary

Business overview.

DeSanta & Co is a new accounting firm located in Indianapolis, Indiana. We provide a full suite of accounting services to local businesses, including bookkeeping, accounting, and tax services. Our combined decades of expertise and client-focused service ensures that we will become the #1 accounting firm in the next five years.

DeSanta & Co is run by Michael DeSanta. Michael has decades of accounting experience and has gained a loyal clientbase from providing his services through competing firms. His expertise, reputation, and loyal clientbase will ensure that our firm is successful.

Product Offering

DeSanta & Co will offer its clients a full suite of accounting services. These services include bookkeeping, accounting, tax services, and auditing. The company will employ a large and diverse staff of professional accountants to ensure we can offer as many services as possible.

Customer Focus

DeSanta & Co will serve small and medium-sized businesses located in the Indianapolis, Indiana area. Most of these businesses will have less than 1000 employees and earn a revenue less than $10 million per year. We will also offer limited services to individuals, such as tax prep and help.

Management Team

DeSanta & Co’s most valuable asset is the expertise and experience of its founder, Michael DeSanta. Michael has been a certified public accountant (CPA) for the past 20 years. Throughout his career, he has developed a loyal client base, and many clients have stated that they will switch to DeSanta & Co once the company is established and running. Michael’s combination of skills, accounting knowledge, and loyal following will ensure that DeSanta & Co is a successful firm.

Success Factors

DeSanta & Co will be able to achieve success by offering the following competitive advantages:

• Michael DeSanta will initially help the clientbase that he has built carefully over the past twenty years.
• The company will emphasize providing client-focused service so that our clients feel valued.
• The company will provide our accounting services at an affordable rate.

Financial Highlights

DeSanta & Co is currently seeking $400,000 to launch. The funding will be dedicated to the office build out, purchase of initial equipment, working capital, marketing costs, and startup overhead expenses. The breakout of the funding is below:

• Office design/build: $100,000
• Office equipment, supplies, and materials: $50,000
• Three months of overhead expenses (payroll, rent, utilities): $150,000
• Marketing costs: $50,000
• Working capital: $50,000

The following graph below outlines the pro forma financial projections for DeSanta & Co.

Company Overview

Who is desanta & co.

DeSanta & Co is a new accounting firm located in Indianapolis, Indiana that provides local businesses with a full suite of accounting services. We are a small firm but have considerable experience, so we can offer better quality of services than our competition. We expect that our most popular services will include bookkeeping, accounting, and tax services. Our combined decades of expertise and client-focused service ensures that we will become the #1 accounting firm in the next five years.

  DeSanta & Co is run by Michael DeSanta. Michael has decades of accounting experience and has gained a loyal clientbase from providing his services through competing firms. After working for several accounting firms around town, he surveyed his clientbase to see if they would be willing to switch to his new company once launched. Most of his clients responded positively, which motivated Michael to finally launch his business.

DeSanta & Co History

Upon surveying his clientbase and finding a potential office, Michael DeSanta incorporated DeSanta & Co as an S-Corporation in April 2023.

The business is currently being run out of Michael’s home office, but once the lease on DeSanta & Co’s office location is finalized, all operations will be run from there.

Since incorporation, DeSanta & Co has achieved the following milestones:

• Found an office space and signed Letter of Intent to lease it
• Developed the company’s name, logo, and website
• Hired an interior designer for the decor and furniture layout
• Determined equipment and fixture requirements
• Began recruiting key employees

DeSanta & Co Services

DeSanta & Co will provide the following services to its clients:

• Bookkeeping
• Tax services
• Advisory services
• Investment services
• Management consulting
• Valuation and planning

Industry Analysis

The accounting industry is essential to the success of other businesses and industries. Accountants record and track financial transactions, which helps businesses ensure they are making a profit. As such, accounting services are always in demand and the industry often sees great growth.

There are several essential services that accounting firms can provide to businesses and individuals. The most popular services include bookkeeping, tax services, advisory services, and valuation and planning. Though most businesses employ their own accountants, many businesses are switching to hiring accounting firms to save on costs.

The accounting industry is expected to grow over the next several years. According to The Business Research Company, the accounting industry is expected to grow at a CAGR of 4.2% from now until 2027. This growth is due to the increasing demand for accountants worldwide. This increase in demand and industry growth ensures that DeSanta & Co will achieve success.

Customer Analysis

Demographic profile of target market, customer segmentation.

DeSanta & Co will primarily target the following customer profiles:

• Local small businesses
• Medium-sized businesses
• Individuals

Competitive Analysis

Direct and indirect competitors.

DeSanta & Co will face competition from other companies with similar business profiles. A description of each competitor company is below.

Perkins & Smith

Perkins & Smith is a small accounting firm that has intentionally remained small so that they can have stronger relationships with their clients. Since they opened in 1960, Perkins & Smith has been one of the leading accounting firms in the Four State Region. They offer a wide range of services including accounting, bookkeeping, payroll services, tax prep and planning, and advisory services. They have built up a loyal clientele and maintained a strong, positive reputation since their opening decades ago.

Premiere Accounting

Premiere Accounting is a large accounting firm that specializes in helping large businesses with accounting, taxes, and similar services. Since opening in 1995, they have acquired a loyal client base, including several multi-billion dollar companies. They employ over a hundred professionals who all have diverse backgrounds. This helps serve their diverse clientele and ensures they are meeting the specific needs of every business that works with them.

Jackson Brothers Accounting

Jackson Brothers Accounting is a privately held accountant practice that has been popular in the area since 1985. They offer a wide variety of services including, tax planning and preparation, payroll processing, financial planning, and small business accounting. Though they are open to helping nearly all businesses and sectors, they primarily focus on local small businesses and startups.

Competitive Advantage

DeSanta & Co will be able to offer the following advantages over the competition:

• Client-oriented service : DeSanta & Co will put a focus on customer service and maintaining long-term relationships. We aim to be the best accounting firm in the area by catering to our customer’s needs and developing a strong connection with them.
• Management : Michael has been extremely successful working in the accounting sector and will be able to use his previous experience to help his clients better than the competition.
• Relationships : Having lived in the community for 25 years, Michael DeSanta knows many of the local leaders, newspapers and other influences.

Marketing Plan

Brand & value proposition.

DeSanta & Co will offer a unique value proposition to its clientele:

• Client-focused financial services, where the company’s interests are aligned with the customer
• Service built on long-term relationships
• Big-firm expertise in a small-firm environment

Promotions Strategy

The promotions strategy for DeSanta & Co is as follows:

Targeted Cold Calls

DeSanta & Co will initially invest significant time and energy into contacting potential clients via telephone. In order to improve the effectiveness of this phase of the marketing strategy, a highly-focused call list will be used, targeting individuals in areas and occupations that are most likely to need accounting services. As this is a very time-consuming process, it will primarily be used during the startup phase to build an initial client base.

DeSanta & Co understands that the best promotion comes from satisfied customers. The Company will encourage its clients to refer other businesses by providing economic or financial incentives for every new client produced. This strategy will increase in effectiveness after the business has already been established.

Social Media

DeSanta & Co will invest heavily in a social media advertising campaign. The company will create social media accounts and invest in ads on all social media platforms. It will use targeted marketing to appeal to the target demographics.

Website/SEO

DeSanta & Co will invest heavily in developing a professional website that displays all of the company’s services. It will also invest heavily in SEO so that the firm’s website will appear at the top of search engine results.

The fees and hourly pricing of DeSanta & Co will be moderate and competitive so clients feel they are receiving great value when utilizing our accounting services.

Operations Plan

The following will be the operations plan for DeSanta & Co. Operation Functions:

• Michael DeSanta will be the Owner of DeSanta & Co. In addition to providing accounting services, he will also manage the general operations of the business.
• Michael DeSanta is joined by a full-time administrative assistant, Jessica Baker, who will take charge of the administrative tasks for the company. She will also be available to answer client questions and will be the primary employee in charge of client communications.
• As the company builds its client base, Michael will hire more accounting professionals to provide the company’s services, attract more clients, and grow our business further.

Milestones:

DeSanta & Co will have the following milestones completed in the next six months.

• 6/2023 Finalize lease agreement
• 7/2023 Design and build out DeSanta & Co
• 8/2023 Hire and train initial staff
• 9/2023 Kickoff of promotional campaign
• 10/2023 Launch DeSanta & Co
• 11/2023 Reach break-even

Though he has never run his own business, Michael DeSanta has worked as an accountant long enough to gain an in-depth knowledge of the operations (e.g., running day-to-day operations) and the business (e.g., staffing, marketing, etc.) sides of the industry. He also already has a starting client base that he served while working for other accounting firms. He will hire several other employees who can help him run the aspects of the business that he is unfamiliar with.

Financial Plan

Key revenue & costs.

DeSanta & Co’s revenues will primarily come from charging clients for the accounting services we provide. We will charge our clients an hourly rate that will vary depending on the services they need.

The notable cost drivers for the company will include labor expenses, overhead, and marketing expenses.

Funding Requirements and Use of Funds

Key assumptions.

The following outlines the key assumptions required in order to achieve the revenue and cost numbers in the financials and pay off the startup business loan.

• Number of clients:
• Year 4: 100
• Year 5: 125
• Annual Rent: $100,000

Financial Projections

Income statement.

Balance Sheet

Cash Flow Statement

Accounting Business Plan FAQs

What is an accounting business plan.

An accounting business plan is a plan to start and/or grow your accounting business. Among other things, it outlines your business concept, identifies your target customers, presents your marketing plan and details your financial projections.

You can easily complete your Accounting business plan using our Accounting Business Plan Template here .

What are the Main Types of Accounting Businesses? 

There are a number of different kinds of accounting businesses , some examples include: Full Service Accounting Firm, Bookkeeping Firm, Tax Firm, and Audit Firm.

How Do You Get Funding for Your Accounting Business Plan?

Accounting businesses are often funded through small business loans. Personal savings, credit card financing and angel investors are also popular forms of funding.

What are the Steps To Start an Accounting Business?

Starting an accounting business can be an exciting endeavor. Having a clear roadmap of the steps to start a business will help you stay focused on your goals and get started faster.

1. Develop An Accounting Business Plan - The first step in starting a business is to create a detailed accounting business plan that outlines all aspects of the venture. This should include potential market size and target customers, the services or products you will offer, pricing strategies and a detailed financial forecast. 

2. Choose Your Legal Structure - It's important to select an appropriate legal entity for your accounting business. This could be a limited liability company (LLC), corporation, partnership, or sole proprietorship. Each type has its own benefits and drawbacks so it’s important to do research and choose wisely so that your accounting business is in compliance with local laws.

3. Register Your Accounting Business - Once you have chosen a legal structure, the next step is to register your accounting business with the government or state where you’re operating from. This includes obtaining licenses and permits as required by federal, state, and local laws.

4. Identify Financing Options - It’s likely that you’ll need some capital to start your accounting business, so take some time to identify what financing options are available such as bank loans, investor funding, grants, or crowdfunding platforms.

5. Choose a Location - Whether you plan on operating out of a physical location or not, you should always have an idea of where you’ll be based should it become necessary in the future as well as what kind of space would be suitable for your operations.

6. Hire Employees - There are several ways to find qualified employees including job boards like LinkedIn or Indeed as well as hiring agencies if needed – depending on what type of employees you need it might also be more effective to reach out directly through networking events.

7. Acquire Necessary Accounting Equipment & Supplies - In order to start your accounting business, you'll need to purchase all of the necessary equipment and supplies to run a successful operation.

8. Market & Promote Your Business - Once you have all the necessary pieces in place, it’s time to start promoting and marketing your accounting business. This includes creating a website, utilizing social media platforms like Facebook or Twitter, and having an effective Search Engine Optimization (SEO) strategy. You should also consider traditional marketing techniques such as radio or print advertising. 

Learn more about how to start a successful accounting business:

• How to Start an Accounting Business

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How to create an effective business plan for an accounting firm, filter by category.

Thinking of starting your own accounting firm? That's great! Getting success in the high-demand finance industry needs persistence, hard work, and proper planning.

Yes, a detailed accounting firm business plan! Whether you are preparing to raise funding, applying for loans, or want to expand the company—a business plan is the key to all. 

But do you know how to write one? Worry not, you are at the right place. This guide on writing an accounting business plan effectively will help you get started. 

Why do you need a business plan for your accounting firm?

If you're planning to launch a new accounting firm or thinking of expanding the existing one, a well-crafted business plan is essential. It does not only act as a roadmap for your firm's growth, but it also improves your chances of securing funding if required. 

It also outlines the goals and strategies of the company, allowing you to make strong decisions that align with its long-term goals.

How to write an accounting firm business plan?

Writing an effective business plan is critical for the success of your accounting firm. It acts as a roadmap for your business. But writing it includes many steps—if you need help you can use any business planning software for support. Various steps to include in the plan are: 

1. Executive summary 

An executive summary is a brief overview of the entire business plan. It acts as a hook to engage readers, motivating them to further explore your business plan. 

This section should include important details such as mission, goals, services briefs, marketing & sales strategies, and financial goals.

The executive summary should be concise yet comprehensive, giving readers a clear understanding of your firm's potential and value proposition.

2. Company description 

Now, this is the section where you give a detailed description of your accounting firm. 

Start the section by mentioning the legal structure of your accounting firm, whether it's a sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability company (LLC) , or corporation. 

Also, highlight your firm's mission, values, long-term vision of the firm, location of your business, and business history (if any). You should also mention the owners of the business along with their experience and educational qualifications. 

3. Market analysis

Before you start writing your business plan, conduct market research . Identify the size and scope of the market, including the number of accounting firms. 

First, define your target market based on your research. Understand all their pain points and accounting needs, so you can customize your services accordingly. 

After that, do the competitive analysis. Identify your direct and indirect competitors, and conduct a SWOT analysis to understand your unique selling propositions. 

Mention any industry trends. You can adapt your strategies by staying informed about all the trends.

Finally, add the legal regulations you need to follow to run the accounting business in a particular location. Mention about all the licenses or permits your business needs. 

4. Accounting services

This is the section, where you highlight all the services and mention how you are the best in providing them. 

Give a detailed description of each service you provide. It can be about tax preparation, auditing, bookkeeping, or consulting. You can also mention the specialized services if you provide any such as business valuation, acquisition support, or anything else. 

Mention if you use any special software or technology to provide such services. For example, any accounting software, client portal software , communication tools, etc. 

5. Marketing and sales strategies

After mentioning your services, you need to highlight sales and marketing strategies to show how will you reach the customers. 

Here, you need to identify the types of customers you are going to serve. For example, individuals, firms, small businesses, startups, or NPOs. Once you know the target audience, describe your strategies to attract them. Not only attract them but also retain the existing customers. 

Some strategies your accounting firm can use are networking events, social media marketing, SEO, content marketing, email marketing, etc. 

6. Operational plan

The main essence of an operational plan is to showcase how you work daily. Here explain the procedure of the services you provide. 

For example, a client needs to register first, then schedule a meeting with the accountant, and then that particular accountant will be in the touch with client throughout. 

With the procedure, you need to mention the timeline too, in which you will provide the services. Along with all these, mention in detail all the technologies or software you plan to purchase like project management tool , bookkeeping & accounting software, file sharing software , or some other. 

7. Management team

Introduce your accounting firm's key members along with their roles, experience, and educational qualifications. This will build trust for your audience about who is behind the firm and how reliable they are. 

Include brief biographies or resumes of each key team member to show their expertise. You also need to give details about the CEO or the owners of the firm. 

Additionally, showcase the organizational structure of your team members and who will report to whom. Do not forget to include any advisory board or third-party consultants, if you have hired any. 

8. Financial plan

Here, you have to show the financial health of your accounting firm. You need to present the financial forecasts of the firm for at least three to five years. 

The financial forecasts should include profit & loss statements, cash flow statements, balance sheets, and cash flow tools .

With one view of the financial plan, your audience should get to know how much profit your business will make in the future. They should also get to know about the break-even point of the business. 

9. Funding request

In the funding request section, mention the financial ask you need for your business. For that, you need to calculate the startup costs first and be clear about your requirements from investors or bankers. 

Provide a breakdown of the funding required for various purposes, such as office rent, staff salaries, marketing, technology, and equipment. 

Highlight the potential return on investment for investors, including projected revenue growth and profitability. If you are not writing the accounting firm's business plan for funding then you can skip this section. 

10. Appendix

An appendix is kind of your supporting section, which has all the documents that support the main content of the whole business plan. 

This might include resumes of the team members, detailed financial projections, customer feedback, legal documents, or any other additional information that you feel like to be added. 

Including all this additional information can help provide a wider view of your accounting firm and support your business plan.

How Clinked Can Help You

Starting the adventure of managing an accounting firm can be significantly smoother with the right technological partners. Clinked is here to supercharge your firm’s operational capabilities and client interactions.

Here’s how Clinked can be a game-changer for your business:

• Secure Client Portal: Imagine a world where your clients have continuous access to a secure, branded client portal for your accounting firm . Here, they can view their financial documents, share necessary files, and communicate effortlessly with your team. This transparency not only boosts client satisfaction but also enhances client retention.
• Effortless Real-Time Collaboration: With Clinked, gone are the days of back-and-forth emails and disconnected workflows. Your team can now edit documents simultaneously, streamline processes, and ensure that every financial statement or tax filing is perfect the first time around.
• Streamlined Task Management: Keep your projects on track with Clinked’s intuitive task management tools. Assign tasks, set deadlines, and monitor progress in a way that ensures your team is always productive and no client query goes unanswered.

• Uncompromised Security and Compliance: In the realm of accounting, securing sensitive information is paramount. Clinked fortifies your client data with state-of-the-art security measures and ensures compliance with the latest financial regulations, thereby nurturing trust and maintaining your firm’s esteemed reputation.
• Mobile Accessibility: In today’s fast-paced world, access to information on the go is not just a luxury—it’s a necessity. With Clinked’s mobile app, your team and clients can remain connected and operational from anywhere, at any time, facilitating unparalleled flexibility and responsiveness.

By integrating Clinked into your daily operations, you not only streamline complex processes but also enhance your firm’s overall productivity and client service capabilities. With Clinked, you’re not just surviving in the competitive accounting industry; you’re thriving.

So that's it! That is how you write an effective accounting firm business plan. If you are still confused about how to write one, then in this AI phase, you can use an AI business plan generator to write your plan or free business plan template.

Using an AI business plan generator can save you time and effort, allowing you to focus on other aspects of your business. Therefore, using these tools can be beneficial for business owners, entrepreneurs, and individuals.

Alongside AI tools, integrating platforms like Clinked can further enhance your business operations and client interactions. Clinked offers a secure, customizable client portal, real-time collaboration tools, and mobile access to manage your business effectively from anywhere. These features ensure that your accounting firm not only meets but exceeds client expectations, setting you apart in a competitive industry. Embrace these technological solutions, and propel your firm towards a successful future.

• How To Start An Accounting Firm
• 8 Best Project Management Software for Accounting Firms
• Virtual Accounting Firm: How To Make It A Success
• 8 Best Accounting Practice Management Software in 2024

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• Sample Business Plans

Accounting Firm Business Plan

If you are planning to start a new accounting firm, the first thing you will need is a business plan. Use our sample accounting firm business plan created using Upmetrics business plan software to start writing your business plan in no time.

Before you start writing your business plan for your new accounting firm, spend as much time as you can reading through some examples of  service-related business plans .

Reading sample business plans will give you a good idea of your aim. It will also show you the different sections that different entrepreneurs include and the language they use to write about themselves and their business plans.

We have created this sample accounting firm business plan for you to get a good idea about how a perfect business plan should look and what details you will need to include in your stunning business plan.

Accounting Firm Business Plan Outline

This is the standard accounting firm business plan outline which will cover all important sections that you should include in your business plan.

• Product and Services
• Vision Statement
• Mission Statement
• Business Structure
• Chief Executive Officer
• Accounting and Tax Consultants
• Admin and HR Manager
• Marketing and Sales Executive
• Client Service Executive / Front Desk Officer
• SWOT Analysis
• Market Trends
• Target Market
• Competitive Advantage
• Sources of Income
• No. of Clients v/s Revenue Chart
• Payment Options
• Publicity and Advertising Strategy
• Financial Projections and Costing
• Generating Funds/Startup Capital
• Sustainability and Expansion Strategy

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After getting started with upmetrics , you can copy this sample business plan into your business plan and modify the required information and download your accounting firm business plan pdf and doc file. It’s the fastest and easiest way to start writing your business plan.

Download a sample accounting firm business plan

Need help writing your business plan from scratch? Here you go;  download our free accounting firm business plan pdf  to start.

It’s a modern business plan template specifically designed for your accounting firm business. Use the example business plan as a guide for writing your own.

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About the Author

Upmetrics Team

Upmetrics is the #1 business planning software that helps entrepreneurs and business owners create investment-ready business plans using AI. We regularly share business planning insights on our blog. Check out the Upmetrics blog for such interesting reads. Read more

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Accounting & Bookkeeping Business Plan Template

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What you get with this template

A complete business plan.

Text and financials are already filled out and ready for you to update.

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Edit to your needs

Download as a Word document and edit your business plan right away.

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All 100% free. We're here to help you succeed in business, no strings attached.

Get the most out of your business plan example

Follow these tips to quickly develop a working business plan from this sample.

1. Don't worry about finding an exact match

We have over 550 sample business plan templates . So, make sure the plan is a close match, but don't get hung up on the details.

Your business is unique and will differ from any example or template you come across. So, use this example as a starting point and customize it to your needs.

2. Remember it's just an example

Our sample business plans are examples of what one business owner did. That doesn't make them perfect or require you to cram your business idea to fit the plan structure.

Use the information, financials, and formatting for inspiration. It will speed up and guide the plan writing process.

3. Know why you're writing a business plan

To create a plan that fits your needs , you need to know what you intend to do with it.

Are you planning to use your plan to apply for a loan or pitch to investors? Then it's worth following the format from your chosen sample plan to ensure you cover all necessary information.

But, if you don't plan to share your plan with anyone outside of your business—you likely don't need everything.

More business planning resources

Industry Business Planning Guides

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Business Plan Template

How to Write a Business Plan for Investors

How to Create a Business Plan Presentation

How to Start a Business With No Money

10 Qualities of a Good Business Plan

How to Write a Business Plan

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Accounting Company Business Plan [Sample Template]

By: Author Tony Martins Ajaero

Home » Business ideas » Financial Service Industry » Accounting, Bookkeeping and Tax Preparation

Are you about starting an accounting firm? If YES, here is a complete sample accounting firm business plan template & feasibility report you can use for FREE .

Okay, so we have considered all the requirements for starting an accounting firm. We also took it further by analyzing and drafting a sample accounting firm marketing plan template backed up by actionable guerrilla marketing ideas for accounting firms. So let’s proceed to the business planning section.

Have you ever dreamt of becoming your own boss? Did you by chance study Accountancy and are finding it difficult to get your ideal job? You don’t need to worry because your dream of becoming your own boss and still work as an accountant can be fulfilled with little or no start-up capital.

In case you didn’t know, there are loads of small businesses, mom and pop businesses, amongst a few without the faintest idea of any accounting skills. These businesses struggle with their books and accounting concerns a lot.

Research shows that one of the reasons why many small businesses remain small and sometimes close shop is not because they don’t have clients or capital to run the business but because they fail to keep their books properly. If you are an accountant, then you can leverage on this read to start your own accounting services firm.

You can be rest assured that your services would always be in demand not only by small businesses that can’t afford to hire a full-time accountant but also medium scale and big corporation especially for auditing purpose and other accounting consulting services.

They know that it would save them cost and the good thing is that you can handle up to 20 clients per time depending on how organized and hardworking you are.

Just like most business, the accounting services industry is pretty open for as many people that are interested in the industry as long as you have what it takes to run an accounting services firm.

Even if you don’t have the finance and other requirements for starting a standard accounting services firm, you can come into the industry by starting – out as a small accounting firm servicing mom and pop businesses in your neighborhood.

If you have decided to start an accounting services firm, then you must make sure that you carry out thorough feasibility studies and also market survey.

This will enable you properly locate the business in a community or city with the right demography; a location that can readily accept your products. Business plan is yet another very important business document that you should not take for granted in the bid to launching your own business.

Below is a sample accounting services firm business plan template that will help you successfully launch your own business;

A Sample Accounting Firm Business Plan Template

1. industry overview.

Firms in the Accounting Services industry are certified to audit the accounting records of public and private organizations and to demonstrate compliance to generally accept accounting best practices in the united states and perhaps in the world.

Certified public accountants (CPAs), included in this industry, provide a variety of accounting services, including auditing accounting records, designing accounting systems, preparing financial statements, developing budgets and providing advice on matters related to accounting.

Accounting services firms are known to offer a wide array of services, which includes audit and assurance services, tax preparation and compliance work, consulting assistance, restructuring and other accounting-related services.

Over the last half – a – decade, the Accounting Services industry has recovered from a post – recessionary decline in demand caused by a falling number of businesses in the United States, weak private investment and shrinking corporate budgets amongst others.

Nevertheless, the revenue generated in this industry has been on the rise since 2012, sustained by economic growth, rising equity markets and of course a growing number of new businesses. The Accounting Services industry has loads of small business operators servicing a wide range of clients ranging from start – ups to well established businesses.

The Accounting Services industry is indeed in a mature stage of its growth. The industry is characterized by growth in line with the overall outlook of the economy, consolidation from the largest players in the industry and wholehearted market acceptance of industry products and services.

The accounting services line of business will continue to be in high demand by business establishment in the United States, most especially as the number of businesses and employees increases. Corporate organizations are also expected to continue to outsource their auditing functions so as to focus their attention on their core area of operations.

The Accounting Services industry is indeed a large industry and pretty much active in countries such as United States of America, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Nigeria, South Africa Japan, China, Germany, and Canada et al.

Statistics has it that in the United States of America alone, there are about 92,777 registered and licensed ( big, medium scale and small ) Accounting Services firm scattered all across the United States responsible for employing about 523,330 people and the industry rakes in a whooping sum of $97 billion annually.

The industry is projected to enjoy 4.4 percent annual growth within 2011 and 2016. The establishments with the lion share of the available market in this industry are DTT, EY, KPMG and PWC. These brands are known all over the world.

A recent report released by IBISWORLD shows that the geographic distribution of establishments in the Accounting Services industry is highly correlated with the overall population distribution in the United States. The report further stated that accounting service providers are predominantly small businesses that focus on serving local and regional markets.

Therefore, an increase in the number of individuals that require personal accounting services and businesses that need audit and tax services boosts the need for industry operators.

One thing is certain about starting an accounting services business -if you are able to conduct your market research and feasibility studies, you are more likely not going to struggle to secure clients because there are always mom and pop shops, start – ups and even corporate organization who would want to hire your services.

Lastly, with accounting services business, you can afford to partner with other smaller firms that are into financial related services. You can partner with tax consulting firm, you can partner with auditing firms and you can partner with human resource consulting firms et al.

The bottom line is that if you have a robust network and you are well positioned, you can indeed maximize profits with your accounting services firm.

2. Executive Summary

Rowland Pence& Co® Financial Consulting, LLC is a registered and licensed financial consulting firm with biased in accounting services and will be based in New York City – New York.

The company will handle all aspect of accounting related services; services such as auditing accounting records, designing accounting systems, preparing financial statements, developing budgets, tax preparation and compliance work, consulting assistance, restructuring and providing advice on matters related to accounting.

We are aware that to run an all – round and standard accounting services firm can be demanding which is why we are well trained, certified and equipped to perform excellently well.

Rowland Pence & Co® Financial Consulting, LLC is a client – focused and result driven accounting services firm that provides broad- based services at an affordable fee that won’t in any way put a hole in the pocket of our clients.  We will offer a standard and professional accounting services to all to our individual clients, and corporate clients at local, state, national, and international level.

We will ensure that we work hard to meet and surpass our clients’ expectations whenever they hire our services. At Rowland Pence & Co® Financial Consulting, LLC, our client’s best interest would always come first, and everything we do is guided by our values and professional ethics.

We will ensure that we hire professionals who are well experienced in the financial consulting services industry with bias in accounting, taxation, bookkeeping and payroll administration.

Rowland Pence & Co® Financial Consulting, LLC will at all times demonstrate her commitment to sustainability, both individually and as a firm, by actively participating in our communities and integrating sustainable business practices wherever possible.

We will ensure that we hold ourselves accountable to the highest standards by meeting our client’s needs precisely and completely. We will cultivate a working environment that provides a human, sustainable approach to earning a living, and living in our world, for our partners, employees and for our clients.

Our plan is to position the business to become one of the leading brands in the accounting services industry in the whole of New York City, and also to be amongst the top 20 accounting services firms in the United States of America within the first 10 years of operations.

This might look too tall a dream but we are optimistic that this will surely be realized because we have done our research and feasibility studies and we are enthusiastic and confident that New York City is the right place to launch our accounting services business before sourcing for clients from other cities in the United States of America.

Rowland Pence & Co® Financial Consulting, LLC is founded by Rowland Pence and Stanford Darlington, his business partner for many years. The organization will be managed by both of them since they have adequate working experience to manage such business.

Rowland Pence has well over 10 years of experience working at various capacities within the financial consulting services industry in the United States of America.

He graduated from both University of California – Berkley with a Degree in Accounting, and University of Harvard (MSc.) and he is a chartered account. Stanford Darlington has ample experience in the area of tax consulting and financial auditing.

3. Our Products and Services

Rowland Pence & Co® Financial Consulting, LLC is going to offer varieties of services within the scope of the financial consulting services industry in the United States of America. Our intention of starting our accounting services firm is to work with both smaller organizations (start – ups and mom and pop shops) and also well – established corporate organizations who would want to outsource the accounting concerns.

We are well prepared to make profits from the industry and we will do all that is permitted by the law in the United States to achieve our business goals, aim and ambition. Our business offerings are listed below;

• Providing accounting advice to corporate clients
• Providing accounting advice to individuals and small businesses
• Accounts preparation
• Financial auditing services
• Financial statement review services
• Providing other financial assurance services
• General accounting services
• Tax planning and consulting services
• Individual tax preparation and representative services
• Corporate tax preparation and representative services
• Providing other financial consulting and advisory related services such as designing accounting systems, preparing financial statements, developing budgets, tax preparation and compliance work, consulting assistance, restructuring and providing advice on matters related to accounting.

4. Our Mission and Vision Statement

• Our vision is to build an accounting service firm brand that will become the number one choice for both smaller businesses and corporate clients in the whole of New York City – New York. Our vision reflects our values: integrity, service, excellence and teamwork.
• Our mission is to provide professional, reliable and trusted accounting services that assist start – ups, corporate organization and non-profit organizations in handling their accounting cum financial related concern. We will position the business to become one of the leading brands in the accounting services line of business in the whole of New York City, and also to be amongst the top 20 accounting services firms in the United States of America within the first 10 years of operations.

Our Business Structure

Normally we would have settled for two or three staff members, but as part of our plan to build a standard accounting services firm in New York City – New York, we have perfected plans to get it right from the beginning which is why we are going the extra mile to ensure that we have competent, honest and hardworking employees to occupy all the available positions in our firm.

The picture of the kind of accounting services firm we intend building and the business goals we want to achieve is what informed the amount we are ready to pay for the best hands available in and around New York City – New York.

We will ensure that we only hire people that are qualified, honest, hardworking, customer centric and are ready to work to help us build a prosperous business that will benefit all the stake holders (the owners, workforce, and customers).

As a matter of fact, profit-sharing arrangement will be made available to all our senior management staff and it will be based on their performance for a period of five years or more depending how fast we meet our set target. In view of that, we have decided to hire qualified and competent hands to occupy the following positions;

• Chief Executive Officer

Accounting and Tax Consultants

Admin and HR Manager

Marketing and Sales Executive

• Customer Care Executive / Front Desk Officer

5. Job Roles and Responsibilities

Chief Executive Office:

• Increases management’s effectiveness by recruiting, selecting, orienting, training, coaching, counseling, and disciplining managers; communicating values, strategies, and objectives; assigning accountabilities; planning, monitoring, and appraising job results; developing incentives; developing a climate for offering information and opinions; providing educational opportunities.
• Creates, communicates, and implements the organization’s vision, mission, and overall direction – i.e. leading the development and implementation of the overall organization’s strategy.
• Responsible for fixing prices and signing business deals
• Responsible for providing direction for the business
• Responsible for signing checks and documents on behalf of the company
• Evaluates the success of the organization
• Responsible for providing accounting advice to corporate clients
• Provides accounting advice to individuals and small businesses
• Responsible for handling accounts preparation
• Responsible for handling financial auditing services
• Responsible for handling financial statement review services
• Handles other financial assurance services and general accounting services
• Responsible for handling tax planning and consulting services, individual tax preparation and representative services and corporate tax preparation and representative services
• Other services
• Responsible for handling other financial consulting and advisory related services such as designing accounting systems, preparing financial statements, developing budgets, tax preparation and compliance work, consulting assistance, restructuring and providing advice on matters related to accounting.
• Responsible for overseeing the smooth running of HR and administrative tasks for the organization
• Designs job descriptions with KPI to drive performance management for clients
• Regularly hold meetings with key stakeholders to review the effectiveness of HR Policies, Procedures and Processes
• Maintains office supplies by checking stocks; placing and expediting orders; evaluating new products.
• Ensures operation of equipment by completing preventive maintenance requirements; calling for repairs.
• Defines job positions for recruitment and managing interviewing process
• Carries out staff induction for new team members
• Responsible for training, evaluation and assessment of employees
• Responsible for arranging travel, meetings and appointments
• Updates job knowledge by participating in educational opportunities; reading professional publications; maintaining personal networks; participating in professional organizations.
• Oversees the smooth running of the daily office activities.
• Identifies, prioritizes, and reaches out to new partners, and business opportunities et al
• Identifies development opportunities; follows up on development leads and contacts; participates in the structuring and financing of projects; assures the completion of relevant projects.
• Writes winning proposal documents, negotiate fees and rates in line with company policy
• Responsible for handling business research, marker surveys and feasibility studies for clients
• Responsible for supervising implementation, advocate for the customer’s needs, and communicate with clients
• Develops, executes and evaluates new plans for expanding increase sales
• Documents all customer contact and information
• Represents the company in strategic meetings
• Helps to increase sales and growth for the company
• Responsible for preparing financial reports, budgets, and financial statements for the organization
• creates reports from the information concerning the financial transactions recorded by the bookkeeper
• Prepares the income statement and balance sheet using the trial balance and ledgers prepared by the bookkeeper.
• Provides managements with financial analyses, development budgets, and accounting reports; analyzes financial feasibility for the most complex proposed projects; conducts market research to forecast trends and business conditions.
• Responsible for financial forecasting and risks analysis.
• Performs cash management, general ledger accounting, and financial reporting for one or more properties.
• Responsible for developing and managing financial systems and policies
• Responsible for administering payrolls
• Ensures compliance with taxation legislation
• Handles all financial transactions for the firm
• Serves as internal auditor for the firm

Client Service Executive / Front Desk Officer

• Welcomes guests and clients by greeting them in person or on the telephone; answering or directing inquiries.
• Ensures that all contacts with clients (e-mail, walk-In center, SMS or phone) provides the client with a personalized customer service experience of the highest level
• Through interaction with clients on the phone, uses every opportunity to build client’s interest in the company’s products and services
• Manages administrative duties assigned by the manager in an effective and timely manner
• Consistently stays abreast of any new information on the company’s products, promotional campaigns etc. to ensure accurate and helpful information is supplied to clients
• Receives parcels / documents for the company
• Distributes mails in the organization
• Handles any other duties as assigned

6. SWOT Analysis

Rowland Pence & Co® Financial Consulting, LLC engaged the services of a core professional in the area of business consulting and structuring to assist the firm in building a well – structured accounting services firm that can favorably compete in the highly competitive financial consulting services industry.

Part of what the team of business consultant did was to work with the management of our organization in conducting a SWOT analysis for Rowland Pence & Co® Financial Consulting, LLC. Here is a summary from the result of the SWOT analysis that was conducted on behalf of Rowland Pence & Co® Financial Consulting, LLC;

Our core strength lies in the power of our team; our workforce. We have a team that can go all the way to give our clients value for their money; a team that are trained and equipped to pay attention to details and to deliver excellent jobs. We are well positioned and we know we will attract loads of clients from the first day we open our door for business.

As a new accounting services firm, it might take some time for our organization to break into the market and gain acceptance especially from corporate clients in the already saturated financial consulting services industry; that is perhaps our major weakness. So also, we may not have the required cash to give our business the kind of publicity we would have loved to.

• Opportunities:

The opportunities in the financial consulting services industry is massive considering the number of mom and pop businesses, start – ups and of course corporate organizations who can’t afford to do without the services of accounting service providers. As a standard and well – positioned accounting service provider, we are ready to take advantage of any opportunity that comes our way.

Some of the threats that we are likely going to face as an accounting service firm operating in the United States are unfavorable government policies, the arrival of a competitor within our location of operations and global economic downturn which usually affects purchasing / spending power. There is hardly anything we can do as regards these threats other than to be optimistic that things will continue to work for our good.

7. MARKET ANALYSIS

• Market Trends

The financial consulting services industry is indeed a very large industry and of course it is one industry that works for businesses across different industries. If you are conversant with the trend in the financial consulting services industry, you will agree that loads of mom and pops, businesses, and start – up ventures that do not have the capacity to hire chattered accountants to handle their accounting tax concerns would naturally hire the services of accounting services providers who would usually charge them service charge.

Relatively, it is cheaper and less stressful to hire the services of accounting service providers as against employing a qualified accountant especially when you run a small business.

The truth is that, it is common to find even bigger firms contracting their accounting, tax and auditing concerns to competent financial / auditing firms because it is cost effective to do so. Another notable trend in the financial consulting services industry is that in the last five years, the industry has performed impressively as a large reduction in unemployment boosted the revenue generated in the industry.

So also, the financial consulting services industry has benefited from the advancement of online and computer payroll and accounting services, with new cloud-based offerings providing a new revenue stream for operators, and attracting new customers. Going forward, increasing product penetration and of course an expanding customer base is expected to drive growth in the industry.

8. Our Target Market

The demographic and psychographics composition of those who need the services of accounting services providers cuts across both small businesses and large corporations.

Rowland Pence & Co® Financial Consulting, LLC will initially serve small to medium sized business, from new ventures to well established businesses and individual clients, but that does not in any way stop us from growing to be able to compete with the leading accounting service firms in the United States.

As a standard and licensed accounting service firm, Rowland Pence & Co® Financial Consulting, LLC offers a wide range of financial consulting services hence we are well trained and equipped to services a wide range of clientele base.

Our target market cuts across businesses of different sizes and industries. We are coming into the industry with a business concept that will enable us work with the small businesses and bigger corporations in and around New York City – New York and other cities in the United States of America.

Below is a list of the businesses and organizations that we have specifically design our products and services for;

• Mom and Pop Businesses
• Blue Chips Companies
• Corporate Organizations
• Religious Organizations (Pilgrimage journeys et al)
• Political Parties / Politicians
• Hotels and Restaurants
• The Government (Public Sector)
• Schools (High Schools, Colleges and Universities)
• Sport Organizations
• Entrepreneurs and Start – Ups

Our competitive advantage

The level of competitions in the financial consulting services industry depends largely on the location of the business and of course the niche of your financial consulting services. If you can successfully create a unique brand identity for your accounting services firm or carve out a unique market, you are likely going to experience less competition.

For instance, if you are one of the few accounting services firms in your locations that also offer tax consulting and bookkeeping and payroll services you are likely going to have a competitive advantage over your competitors.

Although the competition in the accounting services industry is not just within same service providers but also other financial consulting related service providers in the financial consulting services industry. For example, it is now easier for a tax consulting firm to also handle accounting services and bookkeeping and payroll services for its clients.

We are quite aware that to be highly competitive in the financial consulting services industry means that we should be able to deliver consistent quality service, our clients should be able to experience remarkable difference cum improvement and we should be able to meet the expectations of clients.

Rowland Pence & Co® Financial Consulting, LLC might be a new entrant into the financial consulting services industry in the United States of America, but the management staffs and owners of the business are considered gurus. They are people who are core professionals and licensed and highly qualified and chattered accountants in the United States. These are part of what will count as a competitive advantage for us.

Lastly, our employees will be well taken care of, and their welfare package will be among the best within our category (start – ups accounting service firms) in the industry meaning that they will be more than willing to build the business with us and help deliver our set goals and achieve all our aims and objectives.

9. SALES AND MARKETING STRATEGY

• Sources of Income

Rowland Pence & Co® Financial Consulting, LLC is established with the aim of maximizing profits in the financial consulting industry and we are going to go all the way to ensure that we do all it takes to attract clients on a regular basis and sign ‘retainer – ship’ with most of our clients.

Rowland Pence & Co® Financial Consulting, LLC will generate income by offering the following financial consulting services for start – ups, NGOs and for corporate organizations;

10. Sales Forecast

One thing is certain, there would always be mom and pop shops, start – ups, NGOs and corporate organizations who would need the services of professional accounting services firms.

We are well positioned to take on the available market in New York City and other key cities in the United States of America and we are quite optimistic that we will meet our set target of generating enough income / profits from the first six month of operations and grow the business and our clientele base beyond New York City to other cities in Nevada and other states in the U.S.

We have been able to critically examine the financial consulting market and we have analyzed our chances in the industry and we have been able to come up with the following sales forecast. The sales projections are based on information gathered on the field and some assumptions that are peculiar to startups in New York City – New York.

Below are the sales projections for Rowland Pence & Co® Financial Consulting, LLC, it is based on the location of our business and the wide range of financial consulting services that we will be offering;

• First Fiscal Year-: $250,000
• Second Fiscal Year-: $450,000
• Third Fiscal Year-: $950,000

N.B : This projection is done based on what is obtainable in the industry and with the assumption that there won’t be any major economic meltdown and natural disasters within the period stated above. There won’t be any major competitor offering same additional services as we do within same location. Please note that the above projection might be lower and at the same time it might be higher.

• Marketing Strategy and Sales Strategy

We are mindful of the fact that there are stiffer competitions amongst accounting service firms and other related financial consulting service providers in the United States of America; hence we have been able to hire some of the best business developer to handle our sales and marketing.

Our sales and marketing team will be recruited base on their vast experience in the industry and they will be trained on a regular basis so as to be well equipped to meet their targets and the overall goal of the organization. We will also ensure that our excellent job deliveries speak for us in the market place; we want to build a standard accounting service firm that will leverage on word of mouth advertisement from satisfied clients (both individuals and corporate organizations).

Our goal is to grow our accounting consulting firm to become one of the top 20 accounting services firms in the United States of America which is why we have mapped out strategy that will help us take advantage of the available market and grow to become a major force to reckon with not only in the New York City but also in other cities in the United States of America.

Rowland Pence & Co® Financial Consulting, LLC is set to make use of the following marketing and sales strategies to attract clients;

• Introduce our business by sending introductory letters alongside our brochure to corporate organizations, schools, Businesses, Non-Profit Organizations and key stake holders in New York City and other cities in New York.
• Promptness in bidding for financial consulting contracts from the government, religious organizations and other cooperate organizations
• Advertise our business in relevant financial and business related magazines, newspapers, TV stations, and radio station.
• List our business on yellow pages’ ads (local directories)
• Attend relevant international and local finance and business expos, seminars, and business fairs et al
• Create different packages for different category of clients (start – ups and established corporate organizations) in order to work with their budgets and still deliver quality services to them
• Leverage on the internet to promote our business
• Engage direct marketing approach
• Encourage word of mouth marketing from loyal and satisfied clients
• Join local chambers of commerce and industry with the aim of networking and marketing our services.

11. Publicity and Advertising Strategy

We have been able to work with our brand and publicity consultants to help us map out publicity and advertising strategies that will help us walk our way into the heart of our target market. We are set to take the financial consulting services industry by storm which is why we have made provisions for effective publicity and advertisement of our accounting services firm.

Below are the platforms we intend to leverage on to promote and advertise Rowland Pence & Co® Financial Consulting, LLC;

• Place adverts on both print (community based newspapers and magazines) and electronic media platforms
• Sponsor relevant community based events / programs
• Leverage on the internet and social media platforms like; Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Google + et al to promote our brand
• Install our Bill Boards on strategic locations all around New York City – New York
• Engage in road show from time to time to create awareness of our business
• Distribute our fliers and handbills in target areas
• Ensure that all our workers wear our branded shirts and all our vehicles are well branded with our company’s logo et al.

12. Our Pricing Strategy

Hourly billing for financial consulting services is a long – time tradition in the industry.  However, for some types of financial consultancy services, flat fees make more sense because they allow clients to better predict consultancy costs.  As a result of this, Rowland Pence & Co® Financial Consulting, LLC will charge our clients a flat fee for many basic services such as accounting services and business advisory services and tax consulting et al.

At Rowland Pence & Co® Financial Consulting, LLC we will keep our fees below the average market rate for all of our clients by keeping our overhead low and by collecting payment in advance.  In addition, we will also offer special discounted rates to start – ups, nonprofits, cooperatives, and small social enterprises.

We are aware that there are some clients that would need regular access to financial consultancy and advisory services and assistance, we will offer flat rate for such services that will be tailored to take care of such clients’ needs.

• Payment Options

The payment policy adopted by Rowland Pence & Co® Financial Consulting, LLC is all inclusive because we are quite aware that different customers prefer different payment options as it suits them but at the same time, we will ensure that we abide by the financial rules and regulation of the United States of America.

Here are the payment options that Rowland Pence & Co® Financial Consulting, LLC will make available to her clients;

• Payment via bank transfer
• Payment with cash
• Payment via credit cards / Point of Sale Machines (POS Machines)
• Payment via online bank transfer
• Payment via check
• Payment via mobile money transfer
• Payment via bank draft

In view of the above, we have chosen banking platforms that will enable our client make payment for farm produces purchase without any stress on their part. Our bank account numbers will be made available on our website and promotional materials to clients who may want to deposit cash or make online transfer for services rendered.

13. Startup Expenditure (Budget)

Starting an accounting services firm can be cost effective; this is so because on the average, you are not expected to acquire expensive machines and equipment.

Basically, what you should be concerned about is the amount needed to secure a standard office facility in a good and busy business district, the amount needed to furniture and equip the office, the amount to purchase the required software applications, the amount needed to pay bills, promote the business and obtain the appropriate business license and certifications.

This is the financial projection and costing for starting Rowland Pence & Co® Financial Consulting, LLC;

• The total fee for incorporating the business in the United States of America – $750.
• The budget for basic insurance policy covers, permits and business license – $2,500
• The Amount needed to acquire a suitable Office facility in a business district 6 months (Re – Construction of the facility inclusive) – $40,000.
• The cost for equipping the office (computers, software applications, printers, fax machines, furniture, telephones, filing cabins, safety gadgets and electronics et al) – $5,000
• The cost for purchase of the required software applications (CRM software, Accounting and Bookkeeping software and Payroll software et al) – $10,500
• The Cost of Launching our official Website – $600
• Budget for paying at least three employees for 3 months plus utility bills – $10,000
• Additional Expenditure (Business cards, Signage, Adverts and Promotions et al) – $2,500
• Miscellaneous: $1,000

Going by the report from the market research and feasibility studies conducted, we will need over one hundred and fifty thousand ( 150,000 ) U.S. dollars to successfully set – up a medium scale but standard accounting services firm in the United States of America.

Generating Funds / Startup Capital for Rowland Pence & Co® Financial Consulting, LLC

Rowland Pence & Co® Financial Consulting, LLC is a business that will be owned and managed by Rowland Pence and his business partner Stanford Darlington. They are the sole financial of the firm, but may likely welcome partners later which is why they decided to restrict the sourcing of the start – up capital for the business to just three major sources.

These are the areas we intend generating our start – up capital;

• Generate part of the start – up capital from personal savings
• Source for soft loans from family members and friends
• Apply for loan from my Bank

N.B: We have been able to generate about $50,000 ( Personal savings $40,000 and soft loan from family members $10,000 ) and we are at the final stages of obtaining a loan facility of $100,000 from our bank. All the papers and document has been duly signed and submitted, the loan has been approved and any moment from now our account will be credited.

14. Sustainability and Expansion Strategy

The future of a business lies in the numbers of loyal customers that they have the capacity and competence of the employees, their investment strategy and the business structure. If all of these factors are missing from a business (company), then it won’t be too long before the business close shop.

One of our major goals of starting Rowland Pence & Co® Financial Consulting, LLC is to build a business that will survive off its own cash flow without the need for injecting finance from external sources once the business is officially running.

We know that one of the ways of gaining approval and winning customers over is to offer our financial consulting services a little bit cheaper than what is obtainable in the market and we are well prepared to survive on lower profit margin for a while.

Rowland Pence & Co® Financial Consulting, LLC will make sure that the right foundation, structures and processes are put in place to ensure that our staff welfare are well taken of. Our company’s corporate culture is designed to drive our business to greater heights and training and re – training of our workforce is at the top burner of our business strategy.

As a matter of fact, profit-sharing arrangement will be made available to all our management staff and it will be based on their performance for a period of three years or more as determined by the board of the organization. We know that if that is put in place, we will be able to successfully hire and retain the best hands we can get in the industry; they will be more committed to help us build the business of our dreams.

Check List / Milestone

• Business Name Availability Check: Completed
• Business Incorporation: Completed
• Opening of Corporate Bank Accounts various banks in the United States: Completed
• Opening Online Payment Platforms: Completed
• Application and Obtaining Tax Payer’s ID: In Progress
• Application for business license and permit: Completed
• Purchase of All form of Insurance for the Business: Completed
• Conducting Feasibility Studies: Completed
• Generating part of the start – up capital from the founders: Completed
• Applications for loan from our Bankers: In Progress
• Securing a standard office facility in a business district in New York City (Renovation inclusive): Completed
• Writing of Business Plan: Completed
• Drafting of Employee’s Handbook: Completed
• Drafting of Contract Documents: In Progress
• Design of The Company’s Logo: Completed
• Graphic Designs and Printing of Packaging Marketing / Promotional Materials: Completed
• Recruitment of employees: In Progress
• Purchase of the Needed software applications, furniture, office equipment, electronic appliances and facility facelift: In progress
• Creating Official Website for the Company: In Progress
• Creating Awareness for the business (Business PR): In Progress
• Health and Safety and Fire Safety Arrangement: In Progress
• Establishing business relationship with vendors and key players in the industry: In Progress

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How to Write a Business Plan in 9 Steps (+ Template and Examples)

Every successful business has one thing in common, a good and well-executed business plan. A business plan is more than a document, it is a complete guide that outlines the goals your business wants to achieve, including its financial goals . It helps you analyze results, make strategic decisions, show your business operations and growth.

If you want to start a business or already have one and need to pitch it to investors for funding, writing a good business plan improves your chances of attracting financiers. As a startup, if you want to secure loans from financial institutions, part of the requirements involve submitting your business plan.

Writing a business plan does not have to be a complicated or time-consuming process. In this article, you will learn the step-by-step process for writing a successful business plan.

You will also learn what you need a business plan for, tips and strategies for writing a convincing business plan, business plan examples and templates that will save you tons of time, and the alternatives to the traditional business plan.

Let’s get started.

What Do You Need A Business Plan For?

Businesses create business plans for different purposes such as to secure funds, monitor business growth, measure your marketing strategies, and measure your business success.

1. Secure Funds

One of the primary reasons for writing a business plan is to secure funds, either from financial institutions/agencies or investors.

For you to effectively acquire funds, your business plan must contain the key elements of your business plan . For example, your business plan should include your growth plans, goals you want to achieve, and milestones you have recorded.

A business plan can also attract new business partners that are willing to contribute financially and intellectually. If you are writing a business plan to a bank, your project must show your traction , that is, the proof that you can pay back any loan borrowed.

Also, if you are writing to an investor, your plan must contain evidence that you can effectively utilize the funds you want them to invest in your business. Here, you are using your business plan to persuade a group or an individual that your business is a source of a good investment.

2. Monitor Business Growth

A business plan can help you track cash flows in your business. It steers your business to greater heights. A business plan capable of tracking business growth should contain:

• The business goals
• Methods to achieve the goals
• Time-frame for attaining those goals

A good business plan should guide you through every step in achieving your goals. It can also track the allocation of assets to every aspect of the business. You can tell when you are spending more than you should on a project.

You can compare a business plan to a written GPS. It helps you manage your business and hints at the right time to expand your business.

3. Measure Business Success

A business plan can help you measure your business success rate. Some small-scale businesses are thriving better than more prominent companies because of their track record of success.

Right from the onset of your business operation, set goals and work towards them. Write a plan to guide you through your procedures. Use your plan to measure how much you have achieved and how much is left to attain.

You can also weigh your success by monitoring the position of your brand relative to competitors. On the other hand, a business plan can also show you why you have not achieved a goal. It can tell if you have elapsed the time frame you set to attain a goal.

4. Document Your Marketing Strategies

You can use a business plan to document your marketing plans. Every business should have an effective marketing plan.

Competition mandates every business owner to go the extraordinary mile to remain relevant in the market. Your business plan should contain your marketing strategies that work. You can measure the success rate of your marketing plans.

In your business plan, your marketing strategy must answer the questions:

• How do you want to reach your target audience?
• How do you plan to retain your customers?
• What is/are your pricing plans?
• What is your budget for marketing?

How to Write a Business Plan Step-by-Step

1. create your executive summary.

The executive summary is a snapshot of your business or a high-level overview of your business purposes and plans . Although the executive summary is the first section in your business plan, most people write it last. The length of the executive summary is not more than two pages.

Generally, there are nine sections in a business plan, the executive summary should condense essential ideas from the other eight sections.

A good executive summary should do the following:

• A Snapshot of Growth Potential. Briefly inform the reader about your company and why it will be successful)
• Contain your Mission Statement which explains what the main objective or focus of your business is.
• Product Description and Differentiation. Brief description of your products or services and why it is different from other solutions in the market.
• The Team. Basic information about your company’s leadership team and employees
• Business Concept. A solid description of what your business does.
• Target Market. The customers you plan to sell to.
• Marketing Strategy. Your plans on reaching and selling to your customers
• Current Financial State. Brief information about what revenue your business currently generates.
• Projected Financial State. Brief information about what you foresee your business revenue to be in the future.

The executive summary is the make-or-break section of your business plan. If your summary cannot in less than two pages cannot clearly describe how your business will solve a particular problem of your target audience and make a profit, your business plan is set on a faulty foundation.

Avoid using the executive summary to hype your business, instead, focus on helping the reader understand the what and how of your plan.

View the executive summary as an opportunity to introduce your vision for your company. You know your executive summary is powerful when it can answer these key questions:

• Who is your target audience?
• What sector or industry are you in?
• What are your products and services?
• What is the future of your industry?
• Is your company scaleable?
• Who are the owners and leaders of your company? What are their backgrounds and experience levels?
• What is the motivation for starting your company?
• What are the next steps?

Writing the executive summary last although it is the most important section of your business plan is an excellent idea. The reason why is because it is a high-level overview of your business plan. It is the section that determines whether potential investors and lenders will read further or not.

The executive summary can be a stand-alone document that covers everything in your business plan. It is not uncommon for investors to request only the executive summary when evaluating your business. If the information in the executive summary impresses them, they will ask for the complete business plan.

If you are writing your business plan for your planning purposes, you do not need to write the executive summary.

2. Add Your Company Overview

The company overview or description is the next section in your business plan after the executive summary. It describes what your business does.

Adding your company overview can be tricky especially when your business is still in the planning stages. Existing businesses can easily summarize their current operations but may encounter difficulties trying to explain what they plan to become.

Your company overview should contain the following:

• What products and services you will provide
• Geographical markets and locations your company have a presence
• What you need to run your business
• Who your target audience or customers are
• Who will service your customers
• Your company’s purpose, mission, and vision
• Information about your company’s founders
• Who the founders are
• Notable achievements of your company so far

When creating a company overview, you have to focus on three basics: identifying your industry, identifying your customer, and explaining the problem you solve.

If you are stuck when creating your company overview, try to answer some of these questions that pertain to you.

• Who are you targeting? (The answer is not everyone)
• What pain point does your product or service solve for your customers that they will be willing to spend money on resolving?
• How does your product or service overcome that pain point?
• Where is the location of your business?
• What products, equipment, and services do you need to run your business?
• How is your company’s product or service different from your competition in the eyes of your customers?
• How many employees do you need and what skills do you require them to have?

After answering some or all of these questions, you will get more than enough information you need to write your company overview or description section. When writing this section, describe what your company does for your customers.

The company description or overview section contains three elements: mission statement, history, and objectives.

• Mission Statement

The mission statement refers to the reason why your business or company is existing. It goes beyond what you do or sell, it is about the ‘why’. A good mission statement should be emotional and inspirational.

Your mission statement should follow the KISS rule (Keep It Simple, Stupid). For example, Shopify’s mission statement is “Make commerce better for everyone.”

When describing your company’s history, make it simple and avoid the temptation of tying it to a defensive narrative. Write it in the manner you would a profile. Your company’s history should include the following information:

• Founding Date
• Major Milestones
• Location(s)
• Flagship Products or Services
• Number of Employees
• Executive Leadership Roles

When you fill in this information, you use it to write one or two paragraphs about your company’s history.

Business Objectives

Your business objective must be SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound.) Failure to clearly identify your business objectives does not inspire confidence and makes it hard for your team members to work towards a common purpose.

3. Perform Market and Competitive Analyses to Proof a Big Enough Business Opportunity

The third step in writing a business plan is the market and competitive analysis section. Every business, no matter the size, needs to perform comprehensive market and competitive analyses before it enters into a market.

Performing market and competitive analyses are critical for the success of your business. It helps you avoid entering the right market with the wrong product, or vice versa. Anyone reading your business plans, especially financiers and financial institutions will want to see proof that there is a big enough business opportunity you are targeting.

This section is where you describe the market and industry you want to operate in and show the big opportunities in the market that your business can leverage to make a profit. If you noticed any unique trends when doing your research, show them in this section.

Market analysis alone is not enough, you have to add competitive analysis to strengthen this section. There are already businesses in the industry or market, how do you plan to take a share of the market from them?

You have to clearly illustrate the competitive landscape in your business plan. Are there areas your competitors are doing well? Are there areas where they are not doing so well? Show it.

Make it clear in this section why you are moving into the industry and what weaknesses are present there that you plan to explain. How are your competitors going to react to your market entry? How do you plan to get customers? Do you plan on taking your competitors' competitors, tap into other sources for customers, or both?

Illustrate the competitive landscape as well. What are your competitors doing well and not so well?

Answering these questions and thoughts will aid your market and competitive analysis of the opportunities in your space. Depending on how sophisticated your industry is, or the expectations of your financiers, you may need to carry out a more comprehensive market and competitive analysis to prove that big business opportunity.

Instead of looking at the market and competitive analyses as one entity, separating them will make the research even more comprehensive.

Market Analysis

Market analysis, boarding speaking, refers to research a business carried out on its industry, market, and competitors. It helps businesses gain a good understanding of their target market and the outlook of their industry. Before starting a company, it is vital to carry out market research to find out if the market is viable.

The market analysis section is a key part of the business plan. It is the section where you identify who your best clients or customers are. You cannot omit this section, without it your business plan is incomplete.

A good market analysis will tell your readers how you fit into the existing market and what makes you stand out. This section requires in-depth research, it will probably be the most time-consuming part of the business plan to write.

• Market Research

To create a compelling market analysis that will win over investors and financial institutions, you have to carry out thorough market research . Your market research should be targeted at your primary target market for your products or services. Here is what you want to find out about your target market.

• Your target market’s needs or pain points
• The existing solutions for their pain points
• Geographic Location
• Demographics

The purpose of carrying out a marketing analysis is to get all the information you need to show that you have a solid and thorough understanding of your target audience.

Only after you have fully understood the people you plan to sell your products or services to, can you evaluate correctly if your target market will be interested in your products or services.

You can easily convince interested parties to invest in your business if you can show them you thoroughly understand the market and show them that there is a market for your products or services.

How to Quantify Your Target Market

One of the goals of your marketing research is to understand who your ideal customers are and their purchasing power. To quantify your target market, you have to determine the following:

• Your Potential Customers: They are the people you plan to target. For example, if you sell accounting software for small businesses , then anyone who runs an enterprise or large business is unlikely to be your customers. Also, individuals who do not have a business will most likely not be interested in your product.
• Total Households: If you are selling household products such as heating and air conditioning systems, determining the number of total households is more important than finding out the total population in the area you want to sell to. The logic is simple, people buy the product but it is the household that uses it.
• Median Income: You need to know the median income of your target market. If you target a market that cannot afford to buy your products and services, your business will not last long.
• Income by Demographics: If your potential customers belong to a certain age group or gender, determining income levels by demographics is necessary. For example, if you sell men's clothes, your target audience is men.

What Does a Good Market Analysis Entail?

Your business does not exist on its own, it can only flourish within an industry and alongside competitors. Market analysis takes into consideration your industry, target market, and competitors. Understanding these three entities will drastically improve your company’s chances of success.

You can view your market analysis as an examination of the market you want to break into and an education on the emerging trends and themes in that market. Good market analyses include the following:

• Industry Description. You find out about the history of your industry, the current and future market size, and who the largest players/companies are in your industry.
• Overview of Target Market. You research your target market and its characteristics. Who are you targeting? Note, it cannot be everyone, it has to be a specific group. You also have to find out all information possible about your customers that can help you understand how and why they make buying decisions.
• Size of Target Market: You need to know the size of your target market, how frequently they buy, and the expected quantity they buy so you do not risk overproducing and having lots of bad inventory. Researching the size of your target market will help you determine if it is big enough for sustained business or not.
• Growth Potential: Before picking a target market, you want to be sure there are lots of potential for future growth. You want to avoid going for an industry that is declining slowly or rapidly with almost zero growth potential.
• Market Share Potential: Does your business stand a good chance of taking a good share of the market?
• Market Pricing and Promotional Strategies: Your market analysis should give you an idea of the price point you can expect to charge for your products and services. Researching your target market will also give you ideas of pricing strategies you can implement to break into the market or to enjoy maximum profits.
• Potential Barriers to Entry: One of the biggest benefits of conducting market analysis is that it shows you every potential barrier to entry your business will likely encounter. It is a good idea to discuss potential barriers to entry such as changing technology. It informs readers of your business plan that you understand the market.
• Research on Competitors: You need to know the strengths and weaknesses of your competitors and how you can exploit them for the benefit of your business. Find patterns and trends among your competitors that make them successful, discover what works and what doesn’t, and see what you can do better.

The market analysis section is not just for talking about your target market, industry, and competitors. You also have to explain how your company can fill the hole you have identified in the market.

Here are some questions you can answer that can help you position your product or service in a positive light to your readers.

• Is your product or service of superior quality?
• What additional features do you offer that your competitors do not offer?
• Are you targeting a ‘new’ market?

Basically, your market analysis should include an analysis of what already exists in the market and an explanation of how your company fits into the market.

Competitive Analysis

In the competitive analysis section, y ou have to understand who your direct and indirect competitions are, and how successful they are in the marketplace. It is the section where you assess the strengths and weaknesses of your competitors, the advantage(s) they possess in the market and show the unique features or qualities that make you different from your competitors.

Many businesses do market analysis and competitive analysis together. However, to fully understand what the competitive analysis entails, it is essential to separate it from the market analysis.

Competitive analysis for your business can also include analysis on how to overcome barriers to entry in your target market.

The primary goal of conducting a competitive analysis is to distinguish your business from your competitors. A strong competitive analysis is essential if you want to convince potential funding sources to invest in your business. You have to show potential investors and lenders that your business has what it takes to compete in the marketplace successfully.

Competitive analysis will s how you what the strengths of your competition are and what they are doing to maintain that advantage.

When doing your competitive research, you first have to identify your competitor and then get all the information you can about them. The idea of spending time to identify your competitor and learn everything about them may seem daunting but it is well worth it.

Find answers to the following questions after you have identified who your competitors are.

• What are your successful competitors doing?
• Why is what they are doing working?
• Can your business do it better?
• What are the weaknesses of your successful competitors?
• What are they not doing well?
• Can your business turn its weaknesses into strengths?
• How good is your competitors’ customer service?
• Where do your competitors invest in advertising?
• What sales and pricing strategies are they using?
• What marketing strategies are they using?
• What kind of press coverage do they get?
• What are their customers saying about your competitors (both the positive and negative)?

If your competitors have a website, it is a good idea to visit their websites for more competitors’ research. Check their “About Us” page for more information.

If you are presenting your business plan to investors, you need to clearly distinguish yourself from your competitors. Investors can easily tell when you have not properly researched your competitors.

Take time to think about what unique qualities or features set you apart from your competitors. If you do not have any direct competition offering your product to the market, it does not mean you leave out the competitor analysis section blank. Instead research on other companies that are providing a similar product, or whose product is solving the problem your product solves.

The next step is to create a table listing the top competitors you want to include in your business plan. Ensure you list your business as the last and on the right. What you just created is known as the competitor analysis table.

Direct vs Indirect Competition

You cannot know if your product or service will be a fit for your target market if you have not understood your business and the competitive landscape.

There is no market you want to target where you will not encounter competition, even if your product is innovative. Including competitive analysis in your business plan is essential.

If you are entering an established market, you need to explain how you plan to differentiate your products from the available options in the market. Also, include a list of few companies that you view as your direct competitors The competition you face in an established market is your direct competition.

In situations where you are entering a market with no direct competition, it does not mean there is no competition there. Consider your indirect competition that offers substitutes for the products or services you offer.

For example, if you sell an innovative SaaS product, let us say a project management software , a company offering time management software is your indirect competition.

There is an easy way to find out who your indirect competitors are in the absence of no direct competitors. You simply have to research how your potential customers are solving the problems that your product or service seeks to solve. That is your direct competition.

Factors that Differentiate Your Business from the Competition

There are three main factors that any business can use to differentiate itself from its competition. They are cost leadership, product differentiation, and market segmentation.

1. Cost Leadership

A strategy you can impose to maximize your profits and gain an edge over your competitors. It involves offering lower prices than what the majority of your competitors are offering.

A common practice among businesses looking to enter into a market where there are dominant players is to use free trials or pricing to attract as many customers as possible to their offer.

2. Product Differentiation

Your product or service should have a unique selling proposition (USP) that your competitors do not have or do not stress in their marketing.

Part of the marketing strategy should involve making your products unique and different from your competitors. It does not have to be different from your competitors, it can be the addition to a feature or benefit that your competitors do not currently have.

3. Market Segmentation

As a new business seeking to break into an industry, you will gain more success from focusing on a specific niche or target market, and not the whole industry.

If your competitors are focused on a general need or target market, you can differentiate yourself from them by having a small and hyper-targeted audience. For example, if your competitors are selling men’s clothes in their online stores , you can sell hoodies for men.

4. Define Your Business and Management Structure

The next step in your business plan is your business and management structure. It is the section where you describe the legal structure of your business and the team running it.

Your business is only as good as the management team that runs it, while the management team can only strive when there is a proper business and management structure in place.

If your company is a sole proprietor or a limited liability company (LLC), a general or limited partnership, or a C or an S corporation, state it clearly in this section.

Use an organizational chart to show the management structure in your business. Clearly show who is in charge of what area in your company. It is where you show how each key manager or team leader’s unique experience can contribute immensely to the success of your company. You can also opt to add the resumes and CVs of the key players in your company.

The business and management structure section should show who the owner is, and other owners of the businesses (if the business has other owners). For businesses or companies with multiple owners, include the percent ownership of the various owners and clearly show the extent of each others’ involvement in the company.

Investors want to know who is behind the company and the team running it to determine if it has the right management to achieve its set goals.

Management Team

The management team section is where you show that you have the right team in place to successfully execute the business operations and ideas. Take time to create the management structure for your business. Think about all the important roles and responsibilities that you need managers for to grow your business.

Include brief bios of each key team member and ensure you highlight only the relevant information that is needed. If your team members have background industry experience or have held top positions for other companies and achieved success while filling that role, highlight it in this section.

A common mistake that many startups make is assigning C-level titles such as (CMO and CEO) to everyone on their team. It is unrealistic for a small business to have those titles. While it may look good on paper for the ego of your team members, it can prevent investors from investing in your business.

Instead of building an unrealistic management structure that does not fit your business reality, it is best to allow business titles to grow as the business grows. Starting everyone at the top leaves no room for future change or growth, which is bad for productivity.

Your management team does not have to be complete before you start writing your business plan. You can have a complete business plan even when there are managerial positions that are empty and need filling.

If you have management gaps in your team, simply show the gaps and indicate you are searching for the right candidates for the role(s). Investors do not expect you to have a full management team when you are just starting your business.

Key Questions to Answer When Structuring Your Management Team

• Who are the key leaders?
• What experiences, skills, and educational backgrounds do you expect your key leaders to have?
• Do your key leaders have industry experience?
• What positions will they fill and what duties will they perform in those positions?
• What level of authority do the key leaders have and what are their responsibilities?
• What is the salary for the various management positions that will attract the ideal candidates?

Additional Tips for Writing the Management Structure Section

1. Avoid Adding ‘Ghost’ Names to Your Management Team

There is always that temptation to include a ‘ghost’ name to your management team to attract and influence investors to invest in your business. Although the presence of these celebrity management team members may attract the attention of investors, it can cause your business to lose any credibility if you get found out.

Seasoned investors will investigate further the members of your management team before committing fully to your business If they find out that the celebrity name used does not play any actual role in your business, they will not invest and may write you off as dishonest.

2. Focus on Credentials But Pay Extra Attention to the Roles

Investors want to know the experience that your key team members have to determine if they can successfully reach the company’s growth and financial goals.

While it is an excellent boost for your key management team to have the right credentials, you also want to pay extra attention to the roles they will play in your company.

Organizational Chart

Adding an organizational chart in this section of your business plan is not necessary, you can do it in your business plan’s appendix.

If you are exploring funding options, it is not uncommon to get asked for your organizational chart. The function of an organizational chart goes beyond raising money, you can also use it as a useful planning tool for your business.

An organizational chart can help you identify how best to structure your management team for maximum productivity and point you towards key roles you need to fill in the future.

You can use the organizational chart to show your company’s internal management structure such as the roles and responsibilities of your management team, and relationships that exist between them.

5. Describe Your Product and Service Offering

In your business plan, you have to describe what you sell or the service you plan to offer. It is the next step after defining your business and management structure. The products and services section is where you sell the benefits of your business.

Here you have to explain how your product or service will benefit your customers and describe your product lifecycle. It is also the section where you write down your plans for intellectual property like patent filings and copyrighting.

The research and development that you are undertaking for your product or service need to be explained in detail in this section. However, do not get too technical, sell the general idea and its benefits.

If you have any diagrams or intricate designs of your product or service, do not include them in the products and services section. Instead, leave them for the addendum page. Also, if you are leaving out diagrams or designs for the addendum, ensure you add this phrase “For more detail, visit the addendum Page #.”

Your product and service section in your business plan should include the following:

• A detailed explanation that clearly shows how your product or service works.
• The pricing model for your product or service.
• Your business’ sales and distribution strategy.
• The ideal customers that want your product or service.
• The benefits of your products and services.
• Reason(s) why your product or service is a better alternative to what your competitors are currently offering in the market.
• Plans for filling the orders you receive
• If you have current or pending patents, copyrights, and trademarks for your product or service, you can also discuss them in this section.

What to Focus On When Describing the Benefits, Lifecycle, and Production Process of Your Products or Services

In the products and services section, you have to distill the benefits, lifecycle, and production process of your products and services.

When describing the benefits of your products or services, here are some key factors to focus on.

• Unique features
• Translating the unique features into benefits
• The emotional, psychological, and practical payoffs to attract customers
• Intellectual property rights or any patents

When describing the product life cycle of your products or services, here are some key factors to focus on.

• Upsells, cross-sells, and down-sells
• Time between purchases
• Plans for research and development.

When describing the production process for your products or services, you need to think about the following:

• The creation of new or existing products and services.
• The sources for the raw materials or components you need for production.
• Assembling the products
• Maintaining quality control
• Supply-chain logistics (receiving the raw materials and delivering the finished products)
• The day-to-day management of the production processes, bookkeeping, and inventory.

Tips for Writing the Products or Services Section of Your Business Plan

1. Avoid Technical Descriptions and Industry Buzzwords

The products and services section of your business plan should clearly describe the products and services that your company provides. However, it is not a section to include technical jargons that anyone outside your industry will not understand.

A good practice is to remove highly detailed or technical descriptions in favor of simple terms. Industry buzzwords are not necessary, if there are simpler terms you can use, then use them. If you plan to use your business plan to source funds, making the product or service section so technical will do you no favors.

2. Describe How Your Products or Services Differ from Your Competitors

When potential investors look at your business plan, they want to know how the products and services you are offering differ from that of your competition. Differentiating your products or services from your competition in a way that makes your solution more attractive is critical.

If you are going the innovative path and there is no market currently for your product or service, you need to describe in this section why the market needs your product or service.

For example, overnight delivery was a niche business that only a few companies were participating in. Federal Express (FedEx) had to show in its business plan that there was a large opportunity for that service and they justified why the market needed that service.

3. Long or Short Products or Services Section

Should your products or services section be short? Does the long products or services section attract more investors?

There are no straightforward answers to these questions. Whether your products or services section should be long or relatively short depends on the nature of your business.

If your business is product-focused, then automatically you need to use more space to describe the details of your products. However, if the product your business sells is a commodity item that relies on competitive pricing or other pricing strategies, you do not have to use up so much space to provide significant details about the product.

Likewise, if you are selling a commodity that is available in numerous outlets, then you do not have to spend time on writing a long products or services section.

The key to the success of your business is most likely the effectiveness of your marketing strategies compared to your competitors. Use more space to address that section.

If you are creating a new product or service that the market does not know about, your products or services section can be lengthy. The reason why is because you need to explain everything about the product or service such as the nature of the product, its use case, and values.

A short products or services section for an innovative product or service will not give the readers enough information to properly evaluate your business.

4. Describe Your Relationships with Vendors or Suppliers

Your business will rely on vendors or suppliers to supply raw materials or the components needed to make your products. In your products and services section, describe your relationships with your vendors and suppliers fully.

Avoid the mistake of relying on only one supplier or vendor. If that supplier or vendor fails to supply or goes out of business, you can easily face supply problems and struggle to meet your demands. Plan to set up multiple vendor or supplier relationships for better business stability.

5. Your Primary Goal Is to Convince Your Readers

The primary goal of your business plan is to convince your readers that your business is viable and to create a guide for your business to follow. It applies to the products and services section.

When drafting this section, think like the reader. See your reader as someone who has no idea about your products and services. You are using the products and services section to provide the needed information to help your reader understand your products and services. As a result, you have to be clear and to the point.

While you want to educate your readers about your products or services, you also do not want to bore them with lots of technical details. Show your products and services and not your fancy choice of words.

Your products and services section should provide the answer to the “what” question for your business. You and your management team may run the business, but it is your products and services that are the lifeblood of the business.

Key Questions to Answer When Writing your Products and Services Section

Answering these questions can help you write your products and services section quickly and in a way that will appeal to your readers.

• Are your products existing on the market or are they still in the development stage?
• What is your timeline for adding new products and services to the market?
• What are the positives that make your products and services different from your competitors?
• Do your products and services have any competitive advantage that your competitors’ products and services do not currently have?
• Do your products or services have any competitive disadvantages that you need to overcome to compete with your competitors? If your answer is yes, state how you plan to overcome them,
• How much does it cost to produce your products or services? How much do you plan to sell it for?
• What is the price for your products and services compared to your competitors? Is pricing an issue?
• What are your operating costs and will it be low enough for you to compete with your competitors and still take home a reasonable profit margin?
• What is your plan for acquiring your products? Are you involved in the production of your products or services?
• Are you the manufacturer and produce all the components you need to create your products? Do you assemble your products by using components supplied by other manufacturers? Do you purchase your products directly from suppliers or wholesalers?
• Do you have a steady supply of products that you need to start your business? (If your business is yet to kick-off)
• How do you plan to distribute your products or services to the market?

You can also hint at the marketing or promotion plans you have for your products or services such as how you plan to build awareness or retain customers. The next section is where you can go fully into details about your business’s marketing and sales plan.

6. Show and Explain Your Marketing and Sales Plan

Providing great products and services is wonderful, but it means nothing if you do not have a marketing and sales plan to inform your customers about them. Your marketing and sales plan is critical to the success of your business.

The sales and marketing section is where you show and offer a detailed explanation of your marketing and sales plan and how you plan to execute it. It covers your pricing plan, proposed advertising and promotion activities, activities and partnerships you need to make your business a success, and the benefits of your products and services.

There are several ways you can approach your marketing and sales strategy. Ideally, your marketing and sales strategy has to fit the unique needs of your business.

In this section, you describe how the plans your business has for attracting and retaining customers, and the exact process for making a sale happen. It is essential to thoroughly describe your complete marketing and sales plans because you are still going to reference this section when you are making financial projections for your business.

Outline Your Business’ Unique Selling Proposition (USP)

The sales and marketing section is where you outline your business’s unique selling proposition (USP). When you are developing your unique selling proposition, think about the strongest reasons why people should buy from you over your competition. That reason(s) is most likely a good fit to serve as your unique selling proposition (USP).

Target Market and Target Audience

Plans on how to get your products or services to your target market and how to get your target audience to buy them go into this section. You also highlight the strengths of your business here, particularly what sets them apart from your competition.

Before you start writing your marketing and sales plan, you need to have properly defined your target audience and fleshed out your buyer persona. If you do not first understand the individual you are marketing to, your marketing and sales plan will lack any substance and easily fall.

Creating a Smart Marketing and Sales Plan

Marketing your products and services is an investment that requires you to spend money. Like any other investment, you have to generate a good return on investment (ROI) to justify using that marketing and sales plan. Good marketing and sales plans bring in high sales and profits to your company.

Avoid spending money on unproductive marketing channels. Do your research and find out the best marketing and sales plan that works best for your company.

Your marketing and sales plan can be broken into different parts: your positioning statement, pricing, promotion, packaging, advertising, public relations, content marketing, social media, and strategic alliances.

Your Positioning Statement

Your positioning statement is the first part of your marketing and sales plan. It refers to the way you present your company to your customers.

Are you the premium solution, the low-price solution, or are you the intermediary between the two extremes in the market? What do you offer that your competitors do not that can give you leverage in the market?

Before you start writing your positioning statement, you need to spend some time evaluating the current market conditions. Here are some questions that can help you to evaluate the market

• What are the unique features or benefits that you offer that your competitors lack?
• What are your customers’ primary needs and wants?
• Why should a customer choose you over your competition? How do you plan to differentiate yourself from the competition?
• How does your company’s solution compare with other solutions in the market?

After answering these questions, then you can start writing your positioning statement. Your positioning statement does not have to be in-depth or too long.

All you need to explain with your positioning statement are two focus areas. The first is the position of your company within the competitive landscape. The other focus area is the core value proposition that sets your company apart from other alternatives that your ideal customer might consider.

Here is a simple template you can use to develop a positioning statement.

For [description of target market] who [need of target market], [product or service] [how it meets the need]. Unlike [top competition], it [most essential distinguishing feature].

For example, let’s create the positioning statement for fictional accounting software and QuickBooks alternative , TBooks.

“For small business owners who need accounting services, TBooks is an accounting software that helps small businesses handle their small business bookkeeping basics quickly and easily. Unlike Wave, TBooks gives small businesses access to live sessions with top accountants.”

You can edit this positioning statement sample and fill it with your business details.

After writing your positioning statement, the next step is the pricing of your offerings. The overall positioning strategy you set in your positioning statement will often determine how you price your products or services.

Pricing is a powerful tool that sends a strong message to your customers. Failure to get your pricing strategy right can make or mar your business. If you are targeting a low-income audience, setting a premium price can result in low sales.

You can use pricing to communicate your positioning to your customers. For example, if you are offering a product at a premium price, you are sending a message to your customers that the product belongs to the premium category.

Basic Rules to Follow When Pricing Your Offering

Setting a price for your offering involves more than just putting a price tag on it. Deciding on the right pricing for your offering requires following some basic rules. They include covering your costs, primary and secondary profit center pricing, and matching the market rate.

• Covering Your Costs: The price you set for your products or service should be more than it costs you to produce and deliver them. Every business has the same goal, to make a profit. Depending on the strategy you want to use, there are exceptions to this rule. However, the vast majority of businesses follow this rule.
• Primary and Secondary Profit Center Pricing: When a company sets its price above the cost of production, it is making that product its primary profit center. A company can also decide not to make its initial price its primary profit center by selling below or at even with its production cost. It rather depends on the support product or even maintenance that is associated with the initial purchase to make its profit. The initial price thus became its secondary profit center.
• Matching the Market Rate: A good rule to follow when pricing your products or services is to match your pricing with consumer demand and expectations. If you price your products or services beyond the price your customer perceives as the ideal price range, you may end up with no customers. Pricing your products too low below what your customer perceives as the ideal price range may lead to them undervaluing your offering.

Pricing Strategy

Your pricing strategy influences the price of your offering. There are several pricing strategies available for you to choose from when examining the right pricing strategy for your business. They include cost-plus pricing, market-based pricing, value pricing, and more.

• Cost-plus Pricing: This strategy is one of the simplest and oldest pricing strategies. Here you consider the cost of producing a unit of your product and then add a profit to it to arrive at your market price. It is an effective pricing strategy for manufacturers because it helps them cover their initial costs. Another name for the cost-plus pricing strategy is the markup pricing strategy.
• Market-based Pricing: This pricing strategy analyses the market including competitors’ pricing and then sets a price based on what the market is expecting. With this pricing strategy, you can either set your price at the low-end or high-end of the market.
• Value Pricing: This pricing strategy involves setting a price based on the value you are providing to your customer. When adopting a value-based pricing strategy, you have to set a price that your customers are willing to pay. Service-based businesses such as small business insurance providers , luxury goods sellers, and the fashion industry use this pricing strategy.

After carefully sorting out your positioning statement and pricing, the next item to look at is your promotional strategy. Your promotional strategy explains how you plan on communicating with your customers and prospects.

As a business, you must measure all your costs, including the cost of your promotions. You also want to measure how much sales your promotions bring for your business to determine its usefulness. Promotional strategies or programs that do not lead to profit need to be removed.

There are different types of promotional strategies you can adopt for your business, they include advertising, public relations, and content marketing.

Advertising

Your business plan should include your advertising plan which can be found in the marketing and sales plan section. You need to include an overview of your advertising plans such as the areas you plan to spend money on to advertise your business and offers.

Ensure that you make it clear in this section if your business will be advertising online or using the more traditional offline media, or the combination of both online and offline media. You can also include the advertising medium you want to use to raise awareness about your business and offers.

Some common online advertising mediums you can use include social media ads, landing pages, sales pages, SEO, Pay-Per-Click, emails, Google Ads, and others. Some common traditional and offline advertising mediums include word of mouth, radios, direct mail, televisions, flyers, billboards, posters, and others.

A key component of your advertising strategy is how you plan to measure the effectiveness and success of your advertising campaign. There is no point in sticking with an advertising plan or medium that does not produce results for your business in the long run.

Public Relations

A great way to reach your customers is to get the media to cover your business or product. Publicity, especially good ones, should be a part of your marketing and sales plan. In this section, show your plans for getting prominent reviews of your product from reputable publications and sources.

Your business needs that exposure to grow. If public relations is a crucial part of your promotional strategy, provide details about your public relations plan here.

Content Marketing

Content marketing is a popular promotional strategy used by businesses to inform and attract their customers. It is about teaching and educating your prospects on various topics of interest in your niche, it does not just involve informing them about the benefits and features of the products and services you have,

Businesses publish content usually for free where they provide useful information, tips, and advice so that their target market can be made aware of the importance of their products and services. Content marketing strategies seek to nurture prospects into buyers over time by simply providing value.

Your company can create a blog where it will be publishing content for its target market. You will need to use the best website builder such as Wix and Squarespace and the best web hosting services such as Bluehost, Hostinger, and other Bluehost alternatives to create a functional blog or website.

If content marketing is a crucial part of your promotional strategy (as it should be), detail your plans under promotions.

Including high-quality images of the packaging of your product in your business plan is a lovely idea. You can add the images of the packaging of that product in the marketing and sales plan section. If you are not selling a product, then you do not need to include any worry about the physical packaging of your product.

When organizing the packaging section of your business plan, you can answer the following questions to make maximum use of this section.

• Is your choice of packaging consistent with your positioning strategy?
• What key value proposition does your packaging communicate? (It should reflect the key value proposition of your business)
• How does your packaging compare to that of your competitors?

Social Media

Your 21st-century business needs to have a good social media presence. Not having one is leaving out opportunities for growth and reaching out to your prospect.

You do not have to join the thousands of social media platforms out there. What you need to do is join the ones that your customers are active on and be active there.

Businesses use social media to provide information about their products such as promotions, discounts, the benefits of their products, and content on their blogs.

Social media is also a platform for engaging with your customers and getting feedback about your products or services. Make no mistake, more and more of your prospects are using social media channels to find more information about companies.

You need to consider the social media channels you want to prioritize your business (prioritize the ones your customers are active in) and your branding plans in this section.

Strategic Alliances

If your company plans to work closely with other companies as part of your sales and marketing plan, include it in this section. Prove details about those partnerships in your business plan if you have already established them.

Strategic alliances can be beneficial for all parties involved including your company. Working closely with another company in the form of a partnership can provide access to a different target market segment for your company.

The company you are partnering with may also gain access to your target market or simply offer a new product or service (that of your company) to its customers.

Mutually beneficial partnerships can cover the weaknesses of one company with the strength of another. You should consider strategic alliances with companies that sell complimentary products to yours. For example, if you provide printers, you can partner with a company that produces ink since the customers that buy printers from you will also need inks for printing.

Steps Involved in Creating a Marketing and Sales Plan

1. Focus on Your Target Market

Identify who your customers are, the market you want to target. Then determine the best ways to get your products or services to your potential customers.

2. Evaluate Your Competition

One of the goals of having a marketing plan is to distinguish yourself from your competition. You cannot stand out from them without first knowing them in and out.

You can know your competitors by gathering information about their products, pricing, service, and advertising campaigns.

These questions can help you know your competition.

• What makes your competition successful?
• What are their weaknesses?
• What are customers saying about your competition?

3. Consider Your Brand

Customers' perception of your brand has a strong impact on your sales. Your marketing and sales plan should seek to bolster the image of your brand. Before you start marketing your business, think about the message you want to pass across about your business and your products and services.

4. Focus on Benefits

The majority of your customers do not view your product in terms of features, what they want to know is the benefits and solutions your product offers. Think about the problems your product solves and the benefits it delivers, and use it to create the right sales and marketing message.

Your marketing plan should focus on what you want your customer to get instead of what you provide. Identify those benefits in your marketing and sales plan.

5. Focus on Differentiation

Your marketing and sales plan should look for a unique angle they can take that differentiates your business from the competition, even if the products offered are similar. Some good areas of differentiation you can use are your benefits, pricing, and features.

Key Questions to Answer When Writing Your Marketing and Sales Plan

• What is your company’s budget for sales and marketing campaigns?
• What key metrics will you use to determine if your marketing plans are successful?
• What are your alternatives if your initial marketing efforts do not succeed?
• Who are the sales representatives you need to promote your products or services?
• What are the marketing and sales channels you plan to use? How do you plan to get your products in front of your ideal customers?
• Where will you sell your products?

You may want to include samples of marketing materials you plan to use such as print ads, website descriptions, and social media ads. While it is not compulsory to include these samples, it can help you better communicate your marketing and sales plan and objectives.

The purpose of the marketing and sales section is to answer this question “How will you reach your customers?” If you cannot convincingly provide an answer to this question, you need to rework your marketing and sales section.

7. Clearly Show Your Funding Request

If you are writing your business plan to ask for funding from investors or financial institutions, the funding request section is where you will outline your funding requirements. The funding request section should answer the question ‘How much money will your business need in the near future (3 to 5 years)?’

A good funding request section will clearly outline and explain the amount of funding your business needs over the next five years. You need to know the amount of money your business needs to make an accurate funding request.

Also, when writing your funding request, provide details of how the funds will be used over the period. Specify if you want to use the funds to buy raw materials or machinery, pay salaries, pay for advertisements, and cover specific bills such as rent and electricity.

In addition to explaining what you want to use the funds requested for, you need to clearly state the projected return on investment (ROI) . Investors and creditors want to know if your business can generate profit for them if they put funds into it.

Ensure you do not inflate the figures and stay as realistic as possible. Investors and financial institutions you are seeking funds from will do their research before investing money in your business.

If you are not sure of an exact number to request from, you can use some range of numbers as rough estimates. Add a best-case scenario and a work-case scenario to your funding request. Also, include a description of your strategic future financial plans such as selling your business or paying off debts.

Funding Request: Debt or Equity?

When making your funding request, specify the type of funding you want. Do you want debt or equity? Draw out the terms that will be applicable for the funding, and the length of time the funding request will cover.

Case for Equity

If your new business has not yet started generating profits, you are most likely preparing to sell equity in your business to raise capital at the early stage. Equity here refers to ownership. In this case, you are selling a portion of your company to raise capital.

Although this method of raising capital for your business does not put your business in debt, keep in mind that an equity owner may expect to play a key role in company decisions even if he does not hold a major stake in the company.

Most equity sales for startups are usually private transactions . If you are making a funding request by offering equity in exchange for funding, let the investor know that they will be paid a dividend (a share of the company’s profit). Also, let the investor know the process for selling their equity in your business.

Case for Debt

You may decide not to offer equity in exchange for funds, instead, you make a funding request with the promise to pay back the money borrowed at the agreed time frame.

When making a funding request with an agreement to pay back, note that you will have to repay your creditors both the principal amount borrowed and the interest on it. Financial institutions offer this type of funding for businesses.

Large companies combine both equity and debt in their capital structure. When drafting your business plan, decide if you want to offer both or one over the other.

Before you sell equity in exchange for funding in your business, consider if you are willing to accept not being in total control of your business. Also, before you seek loans in your funding request section, ensure that the terms of repayment are favorable.

You should set a clear timeline in your funding request so that potential investors and creditors can know what you are expecting. Some investors and creditors may agree to your funding request and then delay payment for longer than 30 days, meanwhile, your business needs an immediate cash injection to operate efficiently.

Additional Tips for Writing the Funding Request Section of your Business Plan

The funding request section is not necessary for every business, it is only needed by businesses who plan to use their business plan to secure funding.

If you are adding the funding request section to your business plan, provide an itemized summary of how you plan to use the funds requested. Hiring a lawyer, accountant, or other professionals may be necessary for the proper development of this section.

You should also gather and use financial statements that add credibility and support to your funding requests. Ensure that the financial statements you use should include your projected financial data such as projected cash flows, forecast statements, and expenditure budgets.

If you are an existing business, include all historical financial statements such as cash flow statements, balance sheets and income statements .

Provide monthly and quarterly financial statements for a year. If your business has records that date back beyond the one-year mark, add the yearly statements of those years. These documents are for the appendix section of your business plan.

8. Detail Your Financial Plan, Metrics, and Projections

If you used the funding request section in your business plan, supplement it with a financial plan, metrics, and projections. This section paints a picture of the past performance of your business and then goes ahead to make an informed projection about its future.

The goal of this section is to convince readers that your business is going to be a financial success. It outlines your business plan to generate enough profit to repay the loan (with interest if applicable) and to generate a decent return on investment for investors.

If you have an existing business already in operation, use this section to demonstrate stability through finance. This section should include your cash flow statements, balance sheets, and income statements covering the last three to five years. If your business has some acceptable collateral that you can use to acquire loans, list it in the financial plan, metrics, and projection section.

Apart from current financial statements, this section should also contain a prospective financial outlook that spans the next five years. Include forecasted income statements, cash flow statements, balance sheets, and capital expenditure budget.

If your business is new and is not yet generating profit, use clear and realistic projections to show the potentials of your business.

When drafting this section, research industry norms and the performance of comparable businesses. Your financial projections should cover at least five years. State the logic behind your financial projections. Remember you can always make adjustments to this section as the variables change.

The financial plan, metrics, and projection section create a baseline which your business can either exceed or fail to reach. If your business fails to reach your projections in this section, you need to understand why it failed.

Investors and loan managers spend a lot of time going through the financial plan, metrics, and projection section compared to other parts of the business plan. Ensure you spend time creating credible financial analyses for your business in this section.

Many entrepreneurs find this section daunting to write. You do not need a business degree to create a solid financial forecast for your business. Business finances, especially for startups, are not as complicated as they seem. There are several online tools and templates that make writing this section so much easier.

Use Graphs and Charts

The financial plan, metrics, and projection section is a great place to use graphs and charts to tell the financial story of your business. Charts and images make it easier to communicate your finances.

Accuracy in this section is key, ensure you carefully analyze your past financial statements properly before making financial projects.

Address the Risk Factors and Show Realistic Financial Projections

Keep your financial plan, metrics, and projection realistic. It is okay to be optimistic in your financial projection, however, you have to justify it.

You should also address the various risk factors associated with your business in this section. Investors want to know the potential risks involved, show them. You should also show your plans for mitigating those risks.

What You Should In The Financial Plan, Metrics, and Projection Section of Your Business Plan

The financial plan, metrics, and projection section of your business plan should have monthly sales and revenue forecasts for the first year. It should also include annual projections that cover 3 to 5 years.

A three-year projection is a basic requirement to have in your business plan. However, some investors may request a five-year forecast.

Your business plan should include the following financial statements: sales forecast, personnel plan, income statement, income statement, cash flow statement, balance sheet, and an exit strategy.

1. Sales Forecast

Sales forecast refers to your projections about the number of sales your business is going to record over the next few years. It is typically broken into several rows, with each row assigned to a core product or service that your business is offering.

One common mistake people make in their business plan is to break down the sales forecast section into long details. A sales forecast should forecast the high-level details.

For example, if you are forecasting sales for a payroll software provider, you could break down your forecast into target market segments or subscription categories.

Your sales forecast section should also have a corresponding row for each sales row to cover the direct cost or Cost of Goods Sold (COGS). The objective of these rows is to show the expenses that your business incurs in making and delivering your product or service.

Note that your Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) should only cover those direct costs incurred when making your products. Other indirect expenses such as insurance, salaries, payroll tax, and rent should not be included.

For example, the Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) for a restaurant is the cost of ingredients while for a consulting company it will be the cost of paper and other presentation materials.

2. Personnel Plan

The personnel plan section is where you provide details about the payment plan for your employees. For a small business, you can easily list every position in your company and how much you plan to pay in the personnel plan.

However, for larger businesses, you have to break the personnel plan into functional groups such as sales and marketing.

The personnel plan will also include the cost of an employee beyond salary, commonly referred to as the employee burden. These costs include insurance, payroll taxes , and other essential costs incurred monthly as a result of having employees on your payroll.

3. Income Statement

The income statement section shows if your business is making a profit or taking a loss. Another name for the income statement is the profit and loss (P&L). It takes data from your sales forecast and personnel plan and adds other ongoing expenses you incur while running your business.

Every business plan should have an income statement. It subtracts your business expenses from its earnings to show if your business is generating profit or incurring losses.

The income statement has the following items: sales, Cost of Goods Sold (COGS), gross margin, operating expenses, total operating expenses, operating income , total expenses, and net profit.

• Sales refer to the revenue your business generates from selling its products or services. Other names for sales are income or revenue.
• Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) refers to the total cost of selling your products. Other names for COGS are direct costs or cost of sales. Manufacturing businesses use the Costs of Goods Manufactured (COGM) .
• Gross Margin is the figure you get when you subtract your COGS from your sales. In your income statement, you can express it as a percentage of total sales (Gross margin / Sales = Gross Margin Percent).
• Operating Expenses refer to all the expenses you incur from running your business. It exempts the COGS because it stands alone as a core part of your income statement. You also have to exclude taxes, depreciation, and amortization. Your operating expenses include salaries, marketing expenses, research and development (R&D) expenses, and other expenses.
• Total Operating Expenses refers to the sum of all your operating expenses including those exemptions named above under operating expenses.
• Operating Income refers to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. It is simply known as the acronym EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization). Calculating your operating income is simple, all you need to do is to subtract your COGS and total operating expenses from your sales.
• Total Expenses refer to the sum of your operating expenses and your business’ interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.
• Net profit shows whether your business has made a profit or taken a loss during a given timeframe.

4. Cash Flow Statement

The cash flow statement tracks the money you have in the bank at any given point. It is often confused with the income statement or the profit and loss statement. They are both different types of financial statements. The income statement calculates your profits and losses while the cash flow statement shows you how much you have in the bank.

5. Balance Sheet

The balance sheet is a financial statement that provides an overview of the financial health of your business. It contains information about the assets and liabilities of your company, and owner’s or shareholders’ equity.

You can get the net worth of your company by subtracting your company’s liabilities from its assets.

6. Exit Strategy

The exit strategy refers to a probable plan for selling your business either to the public in an IPO or to another company. It is the last thing you include in the financial plan, metrics, and projection section.

You can choose to omit the exit strategy from your business plan if you plan to maintain full ownership of your business and do not plan on seeking angel investment or virtual capitalist (VC) funding.

Investors may want to know what your exit plan is. They invest in your business to get a good return on investment.

Your exit strategy does not have to include long and boring details. Ensure you identify some interested parties who may be interested in buying the company if it becomes a success.

Key Questions to Answer with Your Financial Plan, Metrics, and Projection

Your financial plan, metrics, and projection section helps investors, creditors, or your internal managers to understand what your expenses are, the amount of cash you need, and what it takes to make your company profitable. It also shows what you will be doing with any funding.

You do not need to show actual financial data if you do not have one. Adding forecasts and projections to your financial statements is added proof that your strategy is feasible and shows investors you have planned properly.

Here are some key questions to answer to help you develop this section.

• What is your sales forecast for the next year?
• When will your company achieve a positive cash flow?
• What are the core expenses you need to operate?
• How much money do you need upfront to operate or grow your company?
• How will you use the loans or investments?

9. Add an Appendix to Your Business Plan

Adding an appendix to your business plan is optional. It is a useful place to put any charts, tables, legal notes, definitions, permits, résumés, and other critical information that do not fit into other sections of your business plan.

The appendix section is where you would want to include details of a patent or patent-pending if you have one. You can always add illustrations or images of your products here. It is the last section of your business plan.

When writing your business plan, there are details you cut short or remove to prevent the entire section from becoming too lengthy. There are also details you want to include in the business plan but are not a good fit for any of the previous sections. You can add that additional information to the appendix section.

Businesses also use the appendix section to include supporting documents or other materials specially requested by investors or lenders.

You can include just about any information that supports the assumptions and statements you made in the business plan under the appendix. It is the one place in the business plan where unrelated data and information can coexist amicably.

If your appendix section is lengthy, try organizing it by adding a table of contents at the beginning of the appendix section. It is also advisable to group similar information to make it easier for the reader to access them.

A well-organized appendix section makes it easier to share your information clearly and concisely. Add footnotes throughout the rest of the business plan or make references in the plan to the documents in the appendix.

The appendix section is usually only necessary if you are seeking funding from investors or lenders, or hoping to attract partners.

People reading business plans do not want to spend time going through a heap of backup information, numbers, and charts. Keep these documents or information in the Appendix section in case the reader wants to dig deeper.

Common Items to Include in the Appendix Section of Your Business Plan

The appendix section includes documents that supplement or support the information or claims given in other sections of the business plans. Common items you can include in the appendix section include:

• Additional data about the process of manufacturing or creation
• Additional description of products or services such as product schematics
• Additional financial documents or projections
• Articles of incorporation and status
• Backup for market research or competitive analysis
• Bank statements
• Business registries
• Client testimonials (if your business is already running)
• Copies of insurances
• Credit histories (personal or/and business)
• Deeds and permits
• Equipment leases
• Examples of marketing and advertising collateral
• Industry associations and memberships
• Images of product
• Intellectual property
• Key customer contracts
• Legal documents and other contracts
• Letters of reference
• Links to references
• Market research data
• Organizational charts
• Photographs of potential facilities
• Professional licenses pertaining to your legal structure or type of business
• Purchase orders
• Resumes of the founder(s) and key managers
• State and federal identification numbers or codes
• Trademarks or patents’ registrations

Avoid using the appendix section as a place to dump any document or information you feel like adding. Only add documents or information that you support or increase the credibility of your business plan.

Tips and Strategies for Writing a Convincing Business Plan

To achieve a perfect business plan, you need to consider some key tips and strategies. These tips will raise the efficiency of your business plan above average.

1. Know Your Audience

When writing a business plan, you need to know your audience . Business owners write business plans for different reasons. Your business plan has to be specific. For example, you can write business plans to potential investors, banks, and even fellow board members of the company.

The audience you are writing to determines the structure of the business plan. As a business owner, you have to know your audience. Not everyone will be your audience. Knowing your audience will help you to narrow the scope of your business plan.

Consider what your audience wants to see in your projects, the likely questions they might ask, and what interests them.

• A business plan used to address a company's board members will center on its employment schemes, internal affairs, projects, stakeholders, etc.
• A business plan for financial institutions will talk about the size of your market and the chances for you to pay back any loans you demand.
• A business plan for investors will show proof that you can return the investment capital within a specific time. In addition, it discusses your financial projections, tractions, and market size.

2. Get Inspiration from People

Writing a business plan from scratch as an entrepreneur can be daunting. That is why you need the right inspiration to push you to write one. You can gain inspiration from the successful business plans of other businesses. Look at their business plans, the style they use, the structure of the project, etc.

To make your business plan easier to create, search companies related to your business to get an exact copy of what you need to create an effective business plan. You can also make references while citing examples in your business plans.

When drafting your business plan, get as much help from others as you possibly can. By getting inspiration from people, you can create something better than what they have.

3. Avoid Being Over Optimistic

Many business owners make use of strong adjectives to qualify their content. One of the big mistakes entrepreneurs make when preparing a business plan is promising too much.

The use of superlatives and over-optimistic claims can prepare the audience for more than you can offer. In the end, you disappoint the confidence they have in you.

In most cases, the best option is to be realistic with your claims and statistics. Most of the investors can sense a bit of incompetency from the overuse of superlatives. As a new entrepreneur, do not be tempted to over-promise to get the interests of investors.

The concept of entrepreneurship centers on risks, nothing is certain when you make future analyses. What separates the best is the ability to do careful research and work towards achieving that, not promising more than you can achieve.

To make an excellent first impression as an entrepreneur, replace superlatives with compelling data-driven content. In this way, you are more specific than someone promising a huge ROI from an investment.

4. Keep it Simple and Short

When writing business plans, ensure you keep them simple throughout. Irrespective of the purpose of the business plan, your goal is to convince the audience.

One way to achieve this goal is to make them understand your proposal. Therefore, it would be best if you avoid the use of complex grammar to express yourself. It would be a huge turn-off if the people you want to convince are not familiar with your use of words.

Another thing to note is the length of your business plan. It would be best if you made it as brief as possible.

You hardly see investors or agencies that read through an extremely long document. In that case, if your first few pages can’t convince them, then you have lost it. The more pages you write, the higher the chances of you derailing from the essential contents.

To ensure your business plan has a high conversion rate, you need to dispose of every unnecessary information. For example, if you have a strategy that you are not sure of, it would be best to leave it out of the plan.

5. Make an Outline and Follow Through

A perfect business plan must have touched every part needed to convince the audience. Business owners get easily tempted to concentrate more on their products than on other sections. Doing this can be detrimental to the efficiency of the business plan.

For example, imagine you talking about a product but omitting or providing very little information about the target audience. You will leave your clients confused.

To ensure that your business plan communicates your full business model to readers, you have to input all the necessary information in it. One of the best ways to achieve this is to design a structure and stick to it.

This structure is what guides you throughout the writing. To make your work easier, you can assign an estimated word count or page limit to every section to avoid making it too bulky for easy reading. As a guide, the necessary things your business plan must contain are:

• Table of contents
• Introduction
• Product or service description
• Target audience
• Market size
• Competition analysis
• Financial projections

Some specific businesses can include some other essential sections, but these are the key sections that must be in every business plan.

6. Ask a Professional to Proofread

When writing a business plan, you must tie all loose ends to get a perfect result. When you are done with writing, call a professional to go through the document for you. You are bound to make mistakes, and the way to correct them is to get external help.

You should get a professional in your field who can relate to every section of your business plan. It would be easier for the professional to notice the inner flaws in the document than an editor with no knowledge of your business.

In addition to getting a professional to proofread, get an editor to proofread and edit your document. The editor will help you identify grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and inappropriate writing styles.

Writing a business plan can be daunting, but you can surmount that obstacle and get the best out of it with these tips.

Business Plan Examples and Templates That’ll Save You Tons of Time

1. hubspot's one-page business plan.

The one-page business plan template by HubSpot is the perfect guide for businesses of any size, irrespective of their business strategy. Although the template is condensed into a page, your final business plan should not be a page long! The template is designed to ask helpful questions that can help you develop your business plan.

Hubspot’s one-page business plan template is divided into nine fields:

• Business opportunity
• Company description
• Industry analysis
• Target market
• Implementation timeline
• Marketing plan
• Financial summary
• Funding required

2. Bplan’s Free Business Plan Template

Bplans' free business plan template is investor-approved. It is a rich template used by prestigious educational institutions such as Babson College and Princeton University to teach entrepreneurs how to create a business plan.

The template has six sections: the executive summary, opportunity, execution, company, financial plan, and appendix. There is a step-by-step guide for writing every little detail in the business plan. Follow the instructions each step of the way and you will create a business plan that impresses investors or lenders easily.

3. HubSpot's Downloadable Business Plan Template

HubSpot’s downloadable business plan template is a more comprehensive option compared to the one-page business template by HubSpot. This free and downloadable business plan template is designed for entrepreneurs.

The template is a comprehensive guide and checklist for business owners just starting their businesses. It tells you everything you need to fill in each section of the business plan and how to do it.

There are nine sections in this business plan template: an executive summary, company and business description, product and services line, market analysis, marketing plan, sales plan, legal notes, financial considerations, and appendix.

4. Business Plan by My Own Business Institute

My Own Business Institute (MOBI) which is a part of Santa Clara University's Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship offers a free business plan template. You can either copy the free business template from the link provided above or download it as a Word document.

The comprehensive template consists of a whopping 15 sections.

• The Business Profile
• The Vision and the People
• Home-Based Business and Freelance Business Opportunities
• Organization
• Licenses and Permits
• Business Insurance
• Communication Tools
• Acquisitions
• Location and Leasing
• Accounting and Cash Flow
• Opening and Marketing
• Managing Employees
• Expanding and Handling Problems

There are lots of helpful tips on how to fill each section in the free business plan template by MOBI.

5. Score's Business Plan Template for Startups

Score is an American nonprofit organization that helps entrepreneurs build successful companies. This business plan template for startups by Score is available for free download. The business plan template asks a whooping 150 generic questions that help entrepreneurs from different fields to set up the perfect business plan.

The business plan template for startups contains clear instructions and worksheets, all you have to do is answer the questions and fill the worksheets.

There are nine sections in the business plan template: executive summary, company description, products and services, marketing plan, operational plan, management and organization, startup expenses and capitalization, financial plan, and appendices.

The ‘refining the plan’ resource contains instructions that help you modify your business plan to suit your specific needs, industry, and target audience. After you have completed Score’s business plan template, you can work with a SCORE mentor for expert advice in business planning.

6. Minimalist Architecture Business Plan Template by Venngage

The minimalist architecture business plan template is a simple template by Venngage that you can customize to suit your business needs .

There are five sections in the template: an executive summary, statement of problem, approach and methodology, qualifications, and schedule and benchmark. The business plan template has instructions that guide users on what to fill in each section.

7. Small Business Administration Free Business Plan Template

The Small Business Administration (SBA) offers two free business plan templates, filled with practical real-life examples that you can model to create your business plan. Both free business plan templates are written by fictional business owners: Rebecca who owns a consulting firm, and Andrew who owns a toy company.

There are five sections in the two SBA’s free business plan templates.

• Executive Summary
• Company Description
• Service Line
• Marketing and Sales

8. The $100 Startup's One-Page Business Plan

The one-page business plan by the $100 startup is a simple business plan template for entrepreneurs who do not want to create a long and complicated plan . You can include more details in the appendices for funders who want more information beyond what you can put in the one-page business plan.

There are five sections in the one-page business plan such as overview, ka-ching, hustling, success, and obstacles or challenges or open questions. You can answer all the questions using one or two sentences.

9. PandaDoc’s Free Business Plan Template

The free business plan template by PandaDoc is a comprehensive 15-page document that describes the information you should include in every section.

There are 11 sections in PandaDoc’s free business plan template.

• Executive summary
• Business description
• Products and services
• Operations plan
• Management organization
• Financial plan
• Conclusion / Call to action
• Confidentiality statement

You have to sign up for its 14-day free trial to access the template. You will find different business plan templates on PandaDoc once you sign up (including templates for general businesses and specific businesses such as bakeries, startups, restaurants, salons, hotels, and coffee shops)

PandaDoc allows you to customize its business plan templates to fit the needs of your business. After editing the template, you can send it to interested parties and track opens and views through PandaDoc.

10. Invoiceberry Templates for Word, Open Office, Excel, or PPT

InvoiceBerry is a U.K based online invoicing and tracking platform that offers free business plan templates in .docx, .odt, .xlsx, and .pptx formats for freelancers and small businesses.

Before you can download the free business plan template, it will ask you to give it your email address. After you complete the little task, it will send the download link to your inbox for you to download. It also provides a business plan checklist in .xlsx file format that ensures you add the right information to the business plan.

Alternatives to the Traditional Business Plan

A business plan is very important in mapping out how one expects their business to grow over a set number of years, particularly when they need external investment in their business. However, many investors do not have the time to watch you present your business plan. It is a long and boring read.

Luckily, there are three alternatives to the traditional business plan (the Business Model Canvas, Lean Canvas, and Startup Pitch Deck). These alternatives are less laborious and easier and quicker to present to investors.

Business Model Canvas (BMC)

The business model canvas is a business tool used to present all the important components of setting up a business, such as customers, route to market, value proposition, and finance in a single sheet. It provides a very focused blueprint that defines your business initially which you can later expand on if needed.

The sheet is divided mainly into company, industry, and consumer models that are interconnected in how they find problems and proffer solutions.

Segments of the Business Model Canvas

The business model canvas was developed by founder Alexander Osterwalder to answer important business questions. It contains nine segments.

• Key Partners: Who will be occupying important executive positions in your business? What do they bring to the table? Will there be a third party involved with the company?
• Key Activities: What important activities will production entail? What activities will be carried out to ensure the smooth running of the company?
• The Product’s Value Propositions: What does your product do? How will it be different from other products?
• Customer Segments: What demography of consumers are you targeting? What are the habits of these consumers? Who are the MVPs of your target consumers?
• Customer Relationships: How will the team support and work with its customer base? How do you intend to build and maintain trust with the customer?
• Key Resources: What type of personnel and tools will be needed? What size of the budget will they need access to?
• Channels: How do you plan to create awareness of your products? How do you intend to transport your product to the customer?
• Cost Structure: What is the estimated cost of production? How much will distribution cost?
• Revenue Streams: For what value are customers willing to pay? How do they prefer to pay for the product? Are there any external revenues attached apart from the main source? How do the revenue streams contribute to the overall revenue?

Lean Canvas

The lean canvas is a problem-oriented alternative to the standard business model canvas. It was proposed by Ash Maurya, creator of Lean Stack as a development of the business model generation. It uses a more problem-focused approach and it majorly targets entrepreneurs and startup businesses.

Lean Canvas uses the same 9 blocks concept as the business model canvas, however, they have been modified slightly to suit the needs and purpose of a small startup. The key partners, key activities, customer relationships, and key resources are replaced by new segments which are:

• Problem: Simple and straightforward number of problems you have identified, ideally three.
• Solution: The solutions to each problem.
• Unfair Advantage: Something you possess that can't be easily bought or replicated.
• Key Metrics: Important numbers that will tell how your business is doing.

Startup Pitch Deck

While the business model canvas compresses into a factual sheet, startup pitch decks expand flamboyantly.

Pitch decks, through slides, convey your business plan, often through graphs and images used to emphasize estimations and observations in your presentation. Entrepreneurs often use pitch decks to fully convince their target audience of their plans before discussing funding arrangements.

Considering the likelihood of it being used in a small time frame, a good startup pitch deck should ideally contain 20 slides or less to have enough time to answer questions from the audience.

Unlike the standard and lean business model canvases, a pitch deck doesn't have a set template on how to present your business plan but there are still important components to it. These components often mirror those of the business model canvas except that they are in slide form and contain more details.

Using Airbnb (one of the most successful start-ups in recent history) for reference, the important components of a good slide are listed below.

• Cover/Introduction Slide: Here, you should include your company's name and mission statement. Your mission statement should be a very catchy tagline. Also, include personal information and contact details to provide an easy link for potential investors.
• Problem Slide: This slide requires you to create a connection with the audience or the investor that you are pitching. For example in their pitch, Airbnb summarized the most important problems it would solve in three brief points – pricing of hotels, disconnection from city culture, and connection problems for local bookings.
• Solution Slide: This slide includes your core value proposition. List simple and direct solutions to the problems you have mentioned
• Customer Analysis: Here you will provide information on the customers you will be offering your service to. The identity of your customers plays an important part in fundraising as well as the long-run viability of the business.
• Market Validation: Use competitive analysis to show numbers that prove the presence of a market for your product, industry behavior in the present and the long run, as well as the percentage of the market you aim to attract. It shows that you understand your competitors and customers and convinces investors of the opportunities presented in the market.
• Business Model: Your business model is the hook of your presentation. It may vary in complexity but it should generally include a pricing system informed by your market analysis. The goal of the slide is to confirm your business model is easy to implement.
• Marketing Strategy: This slide should summarize a few customer acquisition methods that you plan to use to grow the business.
• Competitive Advantage: What this slide will do is provide information on what will set you apart and make you a more attractive option to customers. It could be the possession of technology that is not widely known in the market.
• Team Slide: Here you will give a brief description of your team. Include your key management personnel here and their specific roles in the company. Include their educational background, job history, and skillsets. Also, talk about their accomplishments in their careers so far to build investors' confidence in members of your team.
• Traction Slide: This validates the company’s business model by showing growth through early sales and support. The slide aims to reduce any lingering fears in potential investors by showing realistic periodic milestones and profit margins. It can include current sales, growth, valuable customers, pre-orders, or data from surveys outlining current consumer interest.
• Funding Slide: This slide is popularly referred to as ‘the ask'. Here you will include important details like how much is needed to get your business off the ground and how the funding will be spent to help the company reach its goals.
• Appendix Slides: Your pitch deck appendix should always be included alongside a standard pitch presentation. It consists of additional slides you could not show in the pitch deck but you need to complement your presentation.

It is important to support your calculations with pictorial renditions. Infographics, such as pie charts or bar graphs, will be more effective in presenting the information than just listing numbers. For example, a six-month graph that shows rising profit margins will easily look more impressive than merely writing it.

Lastly, since a pitch deck is primarily used to secure meetings and you may be sharing your pitch with several investors, it is advisable to keep a separate public version that doesn't include financials. Only disclose the one with projections once you have secured a link with an investor.

Advantages of the Business Model Canvas, Lean Canvas, and Startup Pitch Deck over the Traditional Business Plan

• Time-Saving: Writing a detailed traditional business plan could take weeks or months. On the other hand, all three alternatives can be done in a few days or even one night of brainstorming if you have a comprehensive understanding of your business.
• Easier to Understand: Since the information presented is almost entirely factual, it puts focus on what is most important in running the business. They cut away the excess pages of fillers in a traditional business plan and allow investors to see what is driving the business and what is getting in the way.
• Easy to Update: Businesses typically present their business plans to many potential investors before they secure funding. What this means is that you may regularly have to amend your presentation to update statistics or adjust to audience-specific needs. For a traditional business plan, this could mean rewriting a whole section of your plan. For the three alternatives, updating is much easier because they are not voluminous.
• Guide for a More In-depth Business Plan: All three alternatives have the added benefit of being able to double as a sketch of your business plan if the need to create one arises in the future.

Business Plan FAQ

Business plans are important for any entrepreneur who is looking for a framework to run their company over some time or seeking external support. Although they are essential for new businesses, every company should ideally have a business plan to track their growth from time to time.  They can be used by startups seeking investments or loans to convey their business ideas or an employee to convince his boss of the feasibility of starting a new project. They can also be used by companies seeking to recruit high-profile employee targets into key positions or trying to secure partnerships with other firms.

Business plans often vary depending on your target audience, the scope, and the goals for the plan. Startup plans are the most common among the different types of business plans.  A start-up plan is used by a new business to present all the necessary information to help get the business up and running. They are usually used by entrepreneurs who are seeking funding from investors or bank loans. The established company alternative to a start-up plan is a feasibility plan. A feasibility plan is often used by an established company looking for new business opportunities. They are used to show the upsides of creating a new product for a consumer base. Because the audience is usually company people, it requires less company analysis. The third type of business plan is the lean business plan. A lean business plan is a brief, straight-to-the-point breakdown of your ideas and analysis for your business. It does not contain details of your proposal and can be written on one page. Finally, you have the what-if plan. As it implies, a what-if plan is a preparation for the worst-case scenario. You must always be prepared for the possibility of your original plan being rejected. A good what-if plan will serve as a good plan B to the original.

A good business plan has 10 key components. They include an executive plan, product analysis, desired customer base, company analysis, industry analysis, marketing strategy, sales strategy, financial projection, funding, and appendix. Executive Plan Your business should begin with your executive plan. An executive plan will provide early insight into what you are planning to achieve with your business. It should include your mission statement and highlight some of the important points which you will explain later. Product Analysis The next component of your business plan is your product analysis. A key part of this section is explaining the type of item or service you are going to offer as well as the market problems your product will solve. Desired Consumer Base Your product analysis should be supplemented with a detailed breakdown of your desired consumer base. Investors are always interested in knowing the economic power of your market as well as potential MVP customers. Company Analysis The next component of your business plan is your company analysis. Here, you explain how you want to run your business. It will include your operational strategy, an insight into the workforce needed to keep the company running, and important executive positions. It will also provide a calculation of expected operational costs.  Industry Analysis A good business plan should also contain well laid out industry analysis. It is important to convince potential investors you know the companies you will be competing with, as well as your plans to gain an edge on the competition. Marketing Strategy Your business plan should also include your marketing strategy. This is how you intend to spread awareness of your product. It should include a detailed explanation of the company brand as well as your advertising methods. Sales Strategy Your sales strategy comes after the market strategy. Here you give an overview of your company's pricing strategy and how you aim to maximize profits. You can also explain how your prices will adapt to market behaviors. Financial Projection The financial projection is the next component of your business plan. It explains your company's expected running cost and revenue earned during the tenure of the business plan. Financial projection gives a clear idea of how your company will develop in the future. Funding The next component of your business plan is funding. You have to detail how much external investment you need to get your business idea off the ground here. Appendix The last component of your plan is the appendix. This is where you put licenses, graphs, or key information that does not fit in any of the other components.

The business model canvas is a business management tool used to quickly define your business idea and model. It is often used when investors need you to pitch your business idea during a brief window.

A pitch deck is similar to a business model canvas except that it makes use of slides in its presentation. A pitch is not primarily used to secure funding, rather its main purpose is to entice potential investors by selling a very optimistic outlook on the business.

Business plan competitions help you evaluate the strength of your business plan. By participating in business plan competitions, you are improving your experience. The experience provides you with a degree of validation while practicing important skills. The main motivation for entering into the competitions is often to secure funding by finishing in podium positions. There is also the chance that you may catch the eye of a casual observer outside of the competition. These competitions also provide good networking opportunities. You could meet mentors who will take a keen interest in guiding you in your business journey. You also have the opportunity to meet other entrepreneurs whose ideas can complement yours.

Exlore Further

• 12 Key Elements of a Business Plan (Top Components Explained)
• 13 Sources of Business Finance For Companies & Sole Traders
• 5 Common Types of Business Structures (+ Pros & Cons)
• How to Buy a Business in 8 Steps (+ Due Diligence Checklist)

Was This Article Helpful?

Martin luenendonk.

Martin loves entrepreneurship and has helped dozens of entrepreneurs by validating the business idea, finding scalable customer acquisition channels, and building a data-driven organization. During his time working in investment banking, tech startups, and industry-leading companies he gained extensive knowledge in using different software tools to optimize business processes.

This insights and his love for researching SaaS products enables him to provide in-depth, fact-based software reviews to enable software buyers make better decisions.

How to write a business plan

A well-crafted business plan provides a roadmap to entrepreneurial success. Read our guide to writing a plan that meets your strategic and operational goals.

A business plan is an important document that outlines key details about your venture, what you want to achieve and how you are going to get there.  

When you start your business , a business plan helps to clarify your targets and objectives from day one. As your business grows, you can use it to measure progress, spot potential problems and make necessary changes to ensure you stay on track.  

A strong business plan is also crucial when applying for funding . To craft a document that convinces finance providers to give you the money, it’s advisable to work with an accountant . 

Read on for the sections to include when writing a business plan: 

Executive summary 

This is a one or two page summary of everything in the rest of your plan, so it’s advisable to write it last. 

Your business plan’s executive summary should provide a high-level overview of elements including: 

• what your business does 
• the team running the business 
• your target customers 
• your goals and objectives 
• your sales and marketing strategy  
• your financial projections  

If you’re applying for funding, this is a very important section. Make it enticing and convincing so lenders or investors are encouraged to read on.    

Company description and business goals 

This section is a high-level description of: 

• the products or services your business provides 
• the customer problem or need you are addressing 
• your unique selling point  
• how and why you started the business 
• your business structure  

You should also outline your business goals and objectives in the short and long term.  

Be clear and concise about what you want to achieve with your products or service. One way to keep your objectives focused is by using the S.M.A.R.T method, which is an acronym for: 

• S pecific 
• M easurable 
• A chievable 
• R ealistic 
• T ime-related 

Target customers and market research 

This section focuses on the market your business is operating in, your position within it, the customers you are targeting and how you will capitalise on your position in the market.  

You should detail the market research you have carried out to understand the market, your potential customers and competitive advantage. This includes: 

• the size of the market 
• the geographical spread of the market 
• amount of potential customers that exist  
• customer demographics such as age, gender, location, income and profession. 

You should also outline any anticipated future changes in the market and how you intend to respond to them.  

Another key area to include in this section is information about your business’ competition. Analyse factors such as the products or services they provide, the prices they charge and their marketing strategy. Detail how your strengths and weaknesses compare to those of your competitors. 

You could do this using a SWOT analysis. SWOT stands for s trengths, w eaknesses, o pportunities and t hreats. It helps you to identify the positive and negative aspects that could impact on the success of your business.  

If you believe you have no competitors, you should explain the need for your product and service. You could focus on how your target customers currently deal with the problem, and what your product or service will achieve.  

Management and personnel 

Outline your skills and experience (and those of any fellow founders or directors) that relate to your business. This could be direct experience such as previously working for, or running a similar business, as well as relevant transferable skills you have picked up in previous roles.  

This section should also include details of any relevant training or qualifications you’ve completed, and mentors or advisers who are supporting you and the growth of your business.  Provide analysis of the employees you will need in the future. Outline how you intend to find those people.  

Marketing and sales strategy 

A robust marketing and sales strategy is essential for achieving your business goals.  

Use this section to outline how you will promote your product or service, attract customers, retain customers, and the process for making sales.  

Information to cover includes: 

• how you will price your product or service 
• how you will distribute your products 
• promotional channels you will use such as social media, print marketing, your website, public relations, exhibitions and online advertising 
• strategies for retaining customers 

Financial planning and projections 

Understanding your costs and how much money you expect to generate is crucial for making a success of your business. Clear and concise financial projections will also help investors and other stakeholders understand the financial viability of your business.  

Numbers to provide in your business plan include those that outline:  

• a sales forecast showing an estimate of your expected sales revenue 
• a profit and loss forecast projecting how much money you will make from selling products or services and the profit you will make from those sales 
• a cash flow forecast showing the amount of money you expect to move in and out of your business each month 

Operations and logistics 

You need to understand how you will operate your business on a day-to-day basis.  

Areas to cover include: 

• production and manufacturing processes if you’re selling a physical product 
• any suppliers you will use to produce your products or services 
• how you will handle the shipping and fulfilment to customers 
• inventory management including how much inventory you will have and where it’s stored 
• the technology and equipment your business needs 
• premises you will operate from such as offices, co-working spaces and retail stores 
• legal requirements such as trading licences, health and safety inspections and insurance  
• protecting your intellectual liability such as registering trademarks and patents 

Finalising and refining your business plan 

The final step in writing your business plan is to review and refine it. This may involve getting feedback from trusted advisors such as accountants or using business plan software to ensure your document is polished and professional. 

A business plan is an evolving document and you should regularly revisit it to check you are still on track. Update and adjust the plan as necessary. 

Staying on top of your strategy, planning for the future and adapting to different market and economic conditions will help you to stay on the road to business success. 

Get help writing your business plan from TaxAssist Accountants 

Contact us for personalised support with your business plan and take the first step towards securing your business's future. 

Date published 23 May 2024

Dan is a freelance journalist and event host who writes content for TaxAssist Accountants. With 20 years of experience, he has interviewed hundreds of entrepreneurs from famous names like Sir Richard Branson and Deborah Meaden to the founders behind the newest start-ups. Dan was previously Head of Content at small business membership organisation Enterprise Nation.

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How To Write a Business Plan

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Starting a business is a wild ride, and a solid business plan can be the key to keeping you on track. A business plan is essentially a roadmap for your business — outlining your goals, strategies, market analysis and financial projections. Not only will it guide your decision-making, a business plan can help you secure funding with a loan or from investors .

Writing a business plan can seem like a huge task, but taking it one step at a time can break the plan down into manageable milestones. Here is our step-by-step guide on how to write a business plan.

Table of contents

• Write your executive summary
• Do your market research homework
• Set your business goals and objectives
• Plan your business strategy
• Describe your product or service
• Crunch the numbers
• Finalize your business plan

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Step 1: Write your executive summary

Though this will be the first page of your business plan , we recommend you actually write the executive summary last. That’s because an executive summary highlights what’s to come in the business plan but in a more condensed fashion.

An executive summary gives stakeholders who are reading your business plan the key points quickly without having to comb through pages and pages. Be sure to cover each successive point in a concise manner, and include as much data as necessary to support your claims.

You’ll cover other things too, but answer these basic questions in your executive summary:

• Idea: What’s your business concept? What problem does your business solve? What are your business goals?
• Product: What’s your product/service and how is it different?
• Market: Who’s your audience? How will you reach customers?
• Finance: How much will your idea cost? And if you’re seeking funding, how much money do you need? How much do you expect to earn? If you’ve already started, where is your revenue at now?

Step 2: Do your market research homework

The next step in writing a business plan is to conduct market research . This involves gathering information about your target market (or customer persona), your competition, and the industry as a whole. You can use a variety of research methods such as surveys, focus groups, and online research to gather this information. Your method may be formal or more casual, just make sure that you’re getting good data back.

This research will help you to understand the needs of your target market and the potential demand for your product or service—essential aspects of starting and growing a successful business.

Step 3: Set your business goals and objectives

Once you’ve completed your market research, you can begin to define your business goals and objectives. What is the problem you want to solve? What’s your vision for the future? Where do you want to be in a year from now?

Use this step to decide what you want to achieve with your business, both in the short and long term. Try to set SMART goals—specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound benchmarks—that will help you to stay focused and motivated as you build your business.

Step 4: Plan your business strategy

Your business strategy is how you plan to reach your goals and objectives. This includes details on positioning your product or service, marketing and sales strategies, operational plans, and the organizational structure of your small business.

Make sure to include key roles and responsibilities for each team member if you’re in a business entity with multiple people.

Step 5: Describe your product or service

In this section, get into the nitty-gritty of your product or service. Go into depth regarding the features, benefits, target market, and any patents or proprietary tech you have. Make sure to paint a clear picture of what sets your product apart from the competition—and don’t forget to highlight any customer benefits.

Step 6: Crunch the numbers

Financial analysis is an essential part of your business plan. If you’re already in business that includes your profit and loss statement , cash flow statement and balance sheet .

These financial projections will give investors and lenders an understanding of the financial health of your business and the potential return on investment.

You may want to work with a financial professional to ensure your financial projections are realistic and accurate.

Step 7: Finalize your business plan

Once you’ve completed everything, it's time to finalize your business plan. This involves reviewing and editing your plan to ensure that it is clear, concise, and easy to understand.

You should also have someone else review your plan to get a fresh perspective and identify any areas that may need improvement. You could even work with a free SCORE mentor on your business plan or use a SCORE business plan template for more detailed guidance.

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The takeaway

Writing a business plan is an essential process for any forward-thinking entrepreneur or business owner. A business plan requires a lot of up-front research, planning, and attention to detail, but it’s worthwhile. Creating a comprehensive business plan can help you achieve your business goals and secure the funding you need.

Related content

• 5 Best Business Plan Software and Tools in 2023 for Your Small Business
• How to Get a Business License: What You Need to Know
• What Is a Cash Flow Statement?

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Writing a Business Plan: Do I Need an Accountant?

Are you starting a small business?

Have you thought about hiring an accountant ?

Probably not, since you are likely focusing your time and energy on the growth of your business – but accountants are trained to do a lot more than payroll and taxes.

A professional accountant can help you develop your small business from writing a business plan to the official formation of your company.

While you don’t need to hire a full-time accountant to help you out, a couple of hours can make the difference in getting your small business off the ground.

Creating the Business Plan

An accountant will be able to help you write a business plan based on realistic information. You don’t want to risk a failed business plan based on optimistic assumptions and not current market conditions.

While optimism and risk tolerance can be beneficial to starting a business, an accountant can help you to balance the plan.

Experienced and expert accountants can use their knowledge to ensure your business plan is financially cohesive and realistic.

Forecasting Your Costs

When you create a business plan, you will be expected to forecast the various costs involved in starting and building your business. For first time business owners, this can be both daunting and confusing.

Accountants, however, can help you understand these costs by walking you through the numbers to create an accurate forecast for your business.

Determining Your Business Structure

When you start a small business, you can choose to incorporate it or run it as a sole proprietor. Both business structures have their own pros and cons , and are better suited to specific situations.

If you’re not sure about which way to go with your small business, an accountant can help you make the right choice by laying out the legal and tax advantages of incorporating your business – as well as the risks and pitfalls.

It’s a very important decision no small business owner would make lightly.

Registering Your Business

Do you know which programs you need to register with when starting a small business?

An accountant can help you out by making sure that your business is registered properly. For example, you may be required to register for GST/HST, payroll and your province’s WorkSafe entity.

Some business structures are not required to register for as many programs as others. Talk to an accountant about which programs are necessary for your small business.

Hiring an Accountant After Starting a Business

If you missed out on hiring an accountant to help you set up your small business, it’s not too late to benefit from their help!

In addition to the ways an accountant can help you get your small business off the ground, they can also help with many other aspects of your small business including:

• Bookkeeping
• Government Audits

So, even if your business is up and running, an accountant is a valuable asset when it comes to guiding and growing your business – as well as giving you back your time.

Ready to Get Started?

Our professional accountants at Liu & Associates are ready to help you get your small business started!

Contact us today to find out how we can help you write your business plan as well as guide you on the path to growing your small business into a huge success.

You can learn more about our business accounting services here .

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Do Accountants Typically Write Business Plans ?

You’re in need of a business plan, so you’re probably here because you’re wondering if an accountant can write one for you.

The quick answer is no. An accountant doesn’t typically write business plans, but they do provide and produce information and advice that is vital to the business plan and its success.

Business plans are usually developed and written by business leaders, so if you own your own organization – that would be you! However, your accountant is there to collaborate with you every step of the way.

Without proper support, business plans can be daunting, so it’s important to surround yourself with the right expertise, such as a qualified accountant. That way, you can be sure you’re making sound decisions each step of the way.

So what role does an accountant actually play when it comes to business plans? Let’s find out!

What is a Business Plan?

A business plan is a document that outlines a company’s goals, strategies, financial information, and other relevant details that are necessary for the success of an organization.

You use a business plan to secure investments, attract potential partners and clients, and provide a roadmap for the company’s growth.

Essentially, it’s the tool that makes people take you seriously and proves that you’ve put some serious thought and analysis into the initial idea. For example, if you try to secure investments without a business plan, you’re likely to be laughed out of the door. Investors want to see how you plan to use their money and what exactly their return will be in the future.

What Does a Business Plan Include?

A business plan generally includes:

What Purpose Does It Service for a Company?

A business plan serves several purposes for a company, such as helping to define its goals, strategies, and long-term objectives including:

What Are Key Components of a Successful Business Plan?

A successful business plan will look like this:

How To Ensure Your Business Plan Is Effective

• Start with detailed research. Before you create a business plan, it is essential to research the industry and the market you are entering.
• Set SMART goals. These goals should be realistic and achievable
• Identify your target market. Knowing who your target market is will help you create a plan that is tailored to their needs
• Develop an effective strategy. Developing an effective strategy is key to ensuring your business plan is effective.
• Monitor progress. Monitoring progress will help you know if the plan is working or if adjustments need to be made

How Can an Accountant Help With Your Business Plan?

An accountant can help with your business plan in a number of ways by doing the following:

• Determine your break-even point
• Calculate your startup costs, and create a pro forma financial statement
• Create a budget and cash flow statement
• Provide advice on the best ways to structure your business
• Determine the most effective tax strategies for your business
• Review your plan and provide feedback on potential areas of improvement

Who Typically Writes Business Plans?

Business plans are typically written by entrepreneurs, business owners, and senior company executives. The plan should be written in collaboration with the company’s internal team, as well as outside advisors, such as financial advisors and legal experts.

Accountants will provide the following benefits for your business plan:

Legally Set Up Your Business Structure

First, your accountant will determine the type of business structure. This determines how the company is taxed, how profits and losses are distributed, and how the business is managed.

Then, your accountant will file the appropriate paperwork and register the business. Then they will obtain any required business licenses and permits.

Finally, the accountant will need to help open a business bank account to separate business and personal finances.

File the Necessary Paperwork

An accountant files the necessary paperwork by ensuring that all the relevant information is accurately recorded and reported. This includes ensuring that the financial projections are accurate and justified, validating the assumptions, and providing a thorough financial analysis and review of the business plan overall.

Additionally, the accountant makes sure that all relevant tax documents, such as corporate tax returns, payroll taxes, and any other applicable taxes, are accurately completed and filed.

Develop a Financial Plan and Track Your Expenses/Income

Now let’s take a look at what the financial plan looks like:

Advise You on the Tax Implications of Your Business Decisions

Your accountant will know the tax system inside out and will therefore be able to advise you on:

Provide Support During Audits or Other Legal Proceedings

An accountant can provide support during audits or other legal proceedings for a business plan by providing financial analysis to help ensure the accuracy and completeness of financial records and documents.

They can also help assess the financial impact of potential risks and opportunities and make recommendations for minimizing those risks. They may also provide advice on how to optimize the company’s financial performance and strategy.

Finally, the accountant can review and certify the business plan to ensure accuracy and compliance with applicable laws and regulations.

Act as a Sounding Board for New Business Ideas

An accountant can act as a sounding board for new business ideas by providing advice and guidance on the financial feasibility of the ideas, as well as offering suggestions for how to increase the chances of success.

They can also help to identify potential areas of risk and how to mitigate them. Additionally, an accountant can help to assess the potential costs associated with any proposed business plan and provide guidance on how to manage those costs.

Help You Negotiate Loans or Lines of Credit With Banks

Your accountant is able to help you negotiate loans etc., by providing the necessary financial statements, forecasts, and projections. They can also help ensure that all documents are prepared properly and accurately.

They will also be able to find you the best terms available from different banks and provide helpful advice on the risks and benefits associated with loan options.

Additionally, an accountant can help you better understand the financial implications of taking on debt and can help you establish a repayment plan that meets the needs of both you and the bank.

Provide Valuable Insights on Financial Trends in Your Industry

How much does it cost to work with an accountant.

The cost of working with a business accountant will vary depending on the complexity of your business and the services you require. Many accountants charge an hourly rate for their services, typically ranging from $50 to $200 per hour.

Hiring a virtual accountant from a trusted firm such as Finvisor is a cost-effective solution for getting top-notch advice and expertise. You pay for the level of service you require, which is much cheaper than hiring someone full-time, but you still get a fully qualified accountant.

What Should You Expect From Your First Meeting With an Accountant?

Your first meeting with an accountant should be focused on getting to know each other and discussing your needs and goals. You should come to the meeting prepared with a list of questions, as well as any documents related to your finances.

You should also discuss your current financial situation, your short and long-term goals, any tax issues, asset management, and the type of services you may need.

Your accountant will also provide you with an overview of their services and how they will be able to help you.

How Often Should You Meet With an Accountant To Go Over a Business Plan?

The frequency of meetings with an accountant to go over a business plan will depend on the specific needs of the business. Generally, an accountant should be consulted at least once a year to review the business plan and make necessary adjustments.

In certain cases, meeting more often may be beneficial, such as when the business is undergoing significant changes or when the business is in its startup phase.

If you want to know more about how an accountant can be a valuable asset when developing and executing a business plan, get in touch with Finvisor for more information.

To learn more about what we do, or to request a quote, contact us at [email protected] or 415-416-6682. We’re here to help you navigate deferred revenue journal entries so you can make the most of your assets!

*This blog does not constitute solicitation or provision of legal advice and does not establish an attorney-client relationship. This blog should not be used as a substitute for obtaining legal advice from an attorney licensed or authorized to practice in your jurisdiction.*

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Writing a Business Plan

by Chris Bruce

This course will help you to create a well-constructed business plan that enables decision makers to better understand the potential project and helps you to ensure the idea and the finances make sense. Discover the role of the accountant in writing an effective business plan.

Look inside, how it works, this course will enable you to.

• Explain what a business plan is
• Understand the role of accountants in writing a business plan
• Outline the essential components of a business plan
• Structure and format a business plan
• Write the financial section
• Consider relevant external business factors
• Ensure consistency and accuracy in your business plan
• Use your plan as a benchmark for success

About the course

Successful businesses and investors will have a good track record in determining not only which projects are funded through to completion, but also those that aren't taken forward. One key tool in the decision-making process is the business plan.

This course will help you to create a well-constructed business plan, complete with all the key elements, that enables decision makers to better understand the potential project and helps you to ensure the idea and the finances are fully thought through. You will also gain an understanding of how the business plan can be used as a benchmark to track the success of the project. Discover the role of the accountant in writing an effective business plan.

• What is a business plan?
• Who's writing?
• Making a case for business plans
• Enter, accountants
• The role of accountants
• Key components
• Laying the foundations
• Financing options
• A stake in the business plan
• Telling your story
• Business concept
• Marketing plan
• Financial plan
• Forecasting models
• Sales and costs forecasts
• Financial requirements
• Risk assessment
• Contingency planning
• Action plan
• What makes a successful business plan?
• Review the plan
• Conciseness, consistency, correctness
• Benchmarking
• Using the plan
• Adapting the plan

Chris Bruce

Managing Director of Better & Better Ltd, a consultancy providing "business advice and project implementations" to a range of organisations from start-ups through to multinational corporations.

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Crafting the Perfect Business Plan with a Business Plan Writer

Starting a business is an exciting venture, loaded with hopes for success and visions for the future. However, amidst the excitement, it’s crucial to remember that a strong foundation is essential for sustainable growth. This foundation often begins with a well-crafted business plan—a roadmap that outlines your goals, strategies, and financial projections. While many entrepreneurs attempt to tackle this task alone, enlisting the expertise of a business plan writer can elevate your plan from good to great. In this article, we’ll explore how partnering with a business plan writer can help you craft the perfect business plan that sets you on the path to success.

• Expertise and Experience Crafting a business plan requires a deep understanding of market dynamics, financial analysis, and strategic planning. Business plan writers bring years of experience and expertise to the table, ensuring that your plan is not only comprehensive but also tailored to your specific industry and target audience. Their insights can help you identify potential pitfalls, capitalize on opportunities, and position your business for success in a competitive market.
• Clarity and Conciseness One of the biggest challenges in writing a business plan is striking the right balance between providing enough detail to be informative without overwhelming the reader with unnecessary information. Business plan writers excel in distilling complex ideas into clear, concise language that communicates your vision and value proposition effectively. They know how to present key information in a compelling way that captures the reader’s attention and leaves a lasting impression.
• Financial Accuracy and Realism Financial projections are a critical component of any business plan, as they provide investors and stakeholders with insight into the financial viability of your business. Business plan writers have the expertise to develop accurate and realistic financial models that forecast revenue, expenses, and cash flow. By leveraging their financial acumen, you can ensure that your projections are grounded in reality and instill confidence in potential investors.
• Market Research and Analysis A thorough understanding of the market is essential for identifying opportunities and mitigating risks. Business plan writers conduct comprehensive market research to gather insights into your target market, industry trends, and competitive landscape. They use this data to inform key aspects of your plan, such as your marketing strategy, pricing strategy, and sales projections, ensuring that your business is positioned for success from day one.
• Professionalism and Attention to Detail Presentation matters when it comes to business plans. A professionally written plan not only demonstrates your commitment to excellence but also instills confidence in potential investors and stakeholders. Business plan writers pay meticulous attention to detail, ensuring that your plan is well-organized, error-free, and visually appealing. From formatting and layout to grammar and punctuation, they ensure that every aspect of your plan is polished to perfection.

Overall, engaging a professional business plan writer is a crucial decision that can significantly impact your business’s development. Their expertise in market dynamics, financial modeling, and clear communication adds substantial value. These professionals ensure that your business plan is not only comprehensive but also precise and aligned with industry standards. By leveraging their skills, you ensure that your plan is realistic, well-structured, and tailored to attract investors and guide your business towards its strategic goals.

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How To Write a Winning Accounting and Bookkeeping Business Plan + Template

Creating a business plan is essential for any business, but it can be especially helpful for accounting and bookkeeping businesses who want to improve their strategy and/or raise funding.

A well-crafted business plan not only outlines the vision for your company, but also documents a step-by-step roadmap of how you are going to accomplish it. In order to create an effective business plan, you must first understand the components that are essential to its success.

This article provides an overview of the key elements that every accounting and bookkeeping business owner should include in their business plan.

Download the Ultimate Business Plan Template

What is an Accounting and Bookkeeping Business Plan?

An accounting and bookkeeping business plan is a formal written document that describes your company’s business strategy and its feasibility. It documents the reasons you will be successful, your areas of competitive advantage, and it includes information about your team members. Your business plan is a key document that will convince investors and lenders (if needed) that you are positioned to become a successful venture.

Why Write an Accounting and Bookkeeping Business Plan?

An accounting and bookkeeping business plan is required for banks and investors. The document is a clear and concise guide of your business idea and the steps you will take to make it profitable.

Entrepreneurs can also use this as a roadmap when starting their new company or venture, especially if they are inexperienced in starting a business.

Writing an Effective Accounting and Bookkeeping Business Plan

The following are the key components of a successful accounting and bookkeeping business plan:

Executive Summary

The executive summary of an accounting and bookkeeping business plan is a one to two page overview of your entire business plan. It should summarize the main points, which will be presented in full in the rest of your business plan.

• Start with a one-line description of your accounting and bookkeeping company
• Provide a short summary of the key points in each section of your business plan, which includes information about your company’s management team, industry analysis, competitive analysis, and financial forecast among others.

Company Description

This section should include a brief history of your company. Include a short description of how your company started, and provide a timeline of milestones your company has achieved.

If you are just starting your accounting and bookkeeping business, you may not have a long company history. Instead, you can include information about your professional experience in this industry and how and why you conceived your new venture. If you have worked for a similar company before or have been involved in an entrepreneurial venture before starting your accounting and bookkeeping firm, mention this.

Industry Analysis

The industry or market analysis is an important component of an accounting and bookkeeping business plan. Conduct thorough market research to determine industry trends and document the size of your market. 

Questions to answer include:

• What part of the accounting and bookkeeping industry are you targeting?
• How big is the market?
• What trends are happening in the industry right now (and if applicable, how do these trends support the success of your company)?

You should also include sources for the information you provide, such as published research reports and expert opinions.

Customer Analysis

This section should include a list of your target audience(s) with demographic and psychographic profiles (e.g., age, gender, income level, profession, job titles, interests). You will need to provide a profile of each customer segment separately, including their needs and wants.

For example, the customers of an accounting and bookkeeping business may include small-to-medium sized businesses and individuals.

You can include information about how your customers make the decision to buy from you as well as what keeps them buying from you.

Develop a strategy for targeting those customers who are most likely to buy from you, as well as those that might be influenced to buy your products or accounting and bookkeeping services with the right marketing.

Competitive Analysis

The competitive analysis helps you determine how your product or service will be different from competitors, and what your unique selling proposition (USP) might be that will set you apart in this industry.

For each competitor, list their strengths and weaknesses. Next, determine your areas of competitive differentiation and/or advantage; that is, in what ways are you different from and ideally better than your competitors.

Marketing Plan

This part of the business plan is where you determine and document your marketing plan. . Your plan should be clearly laid out, including the following 4 Ps.

• Product/Service : Detail your product/service offerings here. Document their features and benefits.
• Price : Document your pricing strategy here. In addition to stating the prices for your products/services, mention how your pricing compares to your competition.
• Place : Where will your customers find you? What channels of distribution (e.g., partnerships) will you use to reach them if applicable?
• Promotion : How will you reach your target customers? For example, you may use social media, write blog posts, create an email marketing campaign, use pay-per-click advertising, launch a direct mail campaign. Or, you may promote your accounting and bookkeeping business via word of mouth.

Operations Plan

This part of your accounting and bookkeeping business plan should include the following information:

• How will you deliver your product/service to customers? For example, will you do it in person or over the phone only?
• What infrastructure, equipment, and resources are needed to operate successfully? How can you meet those requirements within budget constraints?

The operations plan is where you also need to include your company’s business policies. You will want to establish policies related to everything from customer service to pricing, to the overall brand image you are trying to present.

Finally, and most importantly, in your Operations Plan, you will lay out the milestones your company hopes to achieve within the next five years. Create a chart that shows the key milestone(s) you hope to achieve each quarter for the next four quarters, and then each year for the following four years. Examples of milestones for an accounting and bookkeeping business include reaching $X in sales. Other examples include signing on a certain number of new clients or increasing your client retention rate by a certain amount.

Management Team

List your team members here including their names and titles, as well as their expertise and experience relevant to your specific accounting and bookkeeping industry. Include brief biography sketches for each team member.

Particularly if you are seeking funding, the goal of this section is to convince investors and lenders that your team has the expertise and experience to execute on your plan. If you are missing key team members, document the roles and responsibilities you plan to hire for in the future.

Financial Plan

Here you will include a summary of your complete and detailed financial plan (your full financial projections go in the Appendix). 

This includes the following three financial statements:

Income Statement

Your income statement should include:

• Revenue : how much revenue you generate.
• Cost of Goods Sold : These are your direct costs associated with generating revenue. This includes labor costs, as well as the cost of any equipment and supplies used to deliver the product/service offering.
• Net Income (or loss) : Once expenses and revenue are totaled and deducted from each other, this is the net income or loss.

Sample Income Statement for a Startup Accounting and Bookkeeping Company

Balance Sheet

Include a balance sheet that shows your assets, liabilities, and equity. Your balance sheet should include:

• Assets : All of the things you own (including cash).
• Liabilities : This is what you owe against your company’s assets, such as accounts payable or loans.
• Equity : The worth of your business after all liabilities and assets are totaled and deducted from each other.

Sample Balance Sheet for a Startup Accounting and Bookkeeping Company

Cash Flow Statement

Include a cash flow statement showing how much cash comes in, how much cash goes out and a net cash flow for each year. The cash flow statement should include:

• Cash Flow From Operations
• Cash Flow From Investments
• Cash Flow From Financing

Below is a sample of a projected cash flow statement for a startup accounting and bookkeeping business.

Sample Cash Flow Statement for a Startup Accounting and Bookkeeping Company

You will also want to include an appendix section which will include:

• Your complete financial projections
• A complete list of your company’s business policies and procedures related to the rest of the business plan (marketing, operations, etc.)
• Any other documentation which supports what you included in the body of your business plan.

Writing a good business plan gives you the advantage of being fully prepared to launch and/or grow your accounting and bookkeeping company. It not only outlines your business vision but also provides a step-by-step process of how you are going to accomplish it.

A well-written accounting and bookkeeping business plan is a critical document for any new business. If you seek funding or investors, it can help you obtain each successfully.  

Finish Your Accounting and Bookkeeping Business Plan in 1 Day!

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• Small Business

The Single Best Accounting Tip for Small Business Success

Published on May 28, 2024

By: Ben Gran

• Small business owners don't have to suffer through the mundanity of manual accounting spreadsheets.
• The best accounting software can connect to your bank account, track your business expenses and income, and otherwise make managing your business finances a breeze.
• Even freelancers can choose a low-cost software subscription that fits their needs.

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This question might make many small business owners squirm: Are you still doing your accounting, invoicing, and other bookkeeping tasks with manual spreadsheets? If so, why are you making life so hard for yourself?

But most small business owners should consider getting accounting software. Stop suffering and start saving time (and money) during tax season and throughout the year. And even if you, like me, love your spreadsheets and feel like you've got a good system in place? You can probably benefit from accounting software, too.

Current top accounting software options

Below are some of our current top picks for small business accounting software that combine value for the cost, combined with the features we consider essential for running your business accounting needs.

Accounting software saves you time, money, and stress

Most of the best accounting software programs will help you track your business income and business expenses automatically without you having to create spreadsheets and do manual data entry.

Small business owners are some of the busiest people on Earth. You're already thinking about so many things every day. Why add one more to that list? Wouldn't you rather save a few hours per month and let the magic of modern business software take these tasks off your plate?

Accounting software can be "right-sized" for your business

Account software can help you if:

• You have employees
• Your business manages inventory
• You have to track sales tax
• You have any other complex, higher-level accounting needs

The best accounting software tools have a wide range of features and different recommended plans based on your number of employees. Some accounting software also includes bill pay and payroll software, so you can run payroll and manage other aspects of your business finances all in one place.

If you're a solo entrepreneur, professional services provider, or freelancer (like me), you might have simpler business finances, but still want to save time on tax prep and invoicing. You can choose a lower-cost "light" version of accounting software that gives you just what you need, without all the advanced features.

Don't assume that accounting software is complicated to use and expensive. Even if you need to have a call with the accounting software sales team, you can quickly get help to figure out which plan is the best fit for your business. And if you need to power up your business's accounting software as your company grows, you can do that.

Accounting software connects with your bank accounts

Probably the biggest immediate benefit that every small business owner will get from accounting software is that the software automatically connects to your bank. Check to make sure your bank is compatible with the accounting software, but assuming it is, the accounting software will integrate with your business checking account (and often your business credit cards) to track your business transactions.

You don't have to worry anymore about downloading your business expense transactions into a manual spreadsheet. The best accounting software can keep track of all the numbers for you 365 days per year.

Accounting software can work with your accountant

You don't have to choose between accounting software and your favorite accountant! You can still get the benefits of professional tax help from a real human along with the time-saving support of accounting software. Several of The Ascent's picks for best accounting software have features that let you share your business finance data directly with your accountant.

Bottom line

I still love my clunky, manual, self-designed spreadsheets for tracking my small business finances, and maybe you do, too. But this year, I'm going to think seriously about signing up for accounting software. Even if your company has just one staff member, and especially if your business has multiple employees, accounting software is becoming a must-have for every business owner. The best accounting software can help you crunch the numbers, track the transactions, and balance the books.

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Our Research Expert

Ben Gran is a freelance writer based in Des Moines, Iowa. He has written for regional banks, fintechs, and major financial services companies. Ben is a graduate of Rice University.

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Best Accounting Software for Small Businesses of 2024

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Accounting software helps you track how money moves in and out of your small business. The best accounting software makes it easy to keep a detailed financial record so that you’re ready come tax season. It also includes tools for streamlining accounting tasks, like the invoice process, and gaining insight into your business’s financial health.

To choose the right option for you, think about the present and future versions of your business — your accounting software should be able to support both. Right now, check that it’s within your budget and is compatible with your point-of-sale and/or payroll software, as well as your accountant’s system. Based on how much you expect your small business to grow, keep an eye on scalability, too.

Accounting software is like a database for all of your business’s financial transactions. It helps you follow basic accounting principles so that you can keep your books up to date and in order, which is especially important come tax season. Most software uses double-entry accounting , meaning it factors in assets, liabilities and equity, in addition to revenue and expenses.

Most accounting software goes beyond these tasks with additional built-in modules for invoicing and billing as well as inventory management , among other functions. The more your accounting software becomes a one-stop shop for these financial chores, the fewer integrations you need to consider.

» Learn more about accounting: What is accounting?

Here are NerdWallet’s picks for the best small-business accounting software, including why we selected each product, monthly price details and features checklists for easy product comparisons. We've also included a couple of solutions that nearly made our list and a few products you can skip.

Why trust NerdWallet

250+ small-business products reviewed and rated by our team of experts.

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75+ categories of best business software selections.

Objective and comprehensive business accounting software ratings rubric. ( Learn more about our star ratings .)

NerdWallet's small-business software content, including ratings, recommendations and reviews, is overseen by a team of writers and editors who specialize in business software, including payroll, accounting and payment processing. Their work has appeared in The Associated Press, The Washington Post, Nasdaq, Entrepreneur, ABC News, Yahoo Finance and other national and local media outlets. Each writer and editor follows NerdWallet's strict guidelines for editorial integrity to ensure accuracy and fairness in our coverage.

Best Accounting Software for Small Businesses

• QuickBooks Online

Additional pricing tiers (per month): $60, $90, $200.  

$30 per month for the Simple Start plan.

$60 per month for the Essentials plan.

$90 per month for the Plus plan.

$200 per month for the Advanced plan.

» MORE: Explore all QuickBooks plans and pricing

QuickBooks Online is an industry leader in the accounting field, thanks to its strong feature set and scalability. In addition to core accounting capabilities, it has robust reporting and transaction tracking tools, invoicing capabilities, inventory management features and mobile app functionality.

In particular, entrepreneurs trying to measure performance in different segments of their business will like QuickBooks’ granular transaction tracking tools that let you group transactions by department or location, among other categories. Reporting capabilities increase with each plan, but even the least expensive Simple Start plan includes more than 50 reports.

Easy to share information with your accountant and to find QuickBooks experts and online resources if needed.

More than 750 app integrations, including live, in-house bookkeeping.

Robust feature set includes thorough record-keeping, comprehensive reporting, excellent invoicing and inventory management, plus a capable mobile app.

Daily phone support and 24/7 chat support in all plans.

Lacks industry-specific features.

Limited account users with each plan.

» MORE: Best alternatives to QuickBooks

Many of the household accounting software names, such as QuickBooks, Xero and Zoho Books, can be classified as integrated accounting software solutions. This means that in addition to maintaining a general ledger and assisting with day-to-day bookkeeping, the software includes functions for tracking accounts receivable and accounts payable , reconciling bank transactions (often with some level of automation for convenience and time-saving), managing inventory and purchase orders and handling the billing process.

Additional pricing tiers (per month): $42, $78.  

$15 per month for the Early plan.

$42 per month for the Growing plan.

$78 per month for the Established plan.

Xero is another reliable product when it comes to standard accounting capabilities. It also has excellent reporting features and a capable mobile app as well as a customizable dashboard that lets each user rearrange or hide panels according to their preferences.

Xero allows an unlimited number of users on a single account at each plan level, a valuable feature in situations where several users need some level of access to the system. And you can assign them different permission levels: For example, one user might only be able to create invoice drafts and submit time entries, while another can view reports but not edit transactions. Competitors’ plans limit how many users you can add, or they charge an additional monthly fee for each user, which can add up quickly. Xero offers a large number of integrations, too.

Unlimited users in all pricing plans.

Integrates with more than 1,000 third-party apps.

Feature set includes an excellent mobile app and suite of reports, capable invoicing features, plus automated bill and receipt capture through Hubdoc.

Simple layout and easy to use.

No phone number for customer support listed.

Entry-level plan limits bills and invoices to five and 20 per month, respectively.

» MORE: Best alternatives to Xero

Additional pricing tiers (per month): $20, $50, $70, $150, $275.  

$0 per month for the Free plan.

$20 per month for the Standard plan.

$50 per month for the Professional plan.

$70 per month for the Premium plan.

$150 per month for the Elite plan.

$275 per month for the Ultimate plan.

Unlike some competitors, none of Zoho Books’ plans put a limit on billable clients, and even its free plan lets you send up to 1,000 invoices per year. On top of that, the free option offers a customer portal, automatic payment reminders, mileage tracking and the ability to schedule reports. Higher-tier plans let users automate workflows and track project profitability, and give access to advanced inventory and analytics tools.

The software’s mobile-first features — such as the ability to send invoices by iMessage or add widgets to your phone’s home screen to easily access timers and overdue invoices — really help set it apart, though. There’s also an Apple Watch app that lets you track time, send payment reminders and review outstanding invoices.

Less expensive than some competitors; free plan available for businesses with less than $50k in annual revenue.

Email support in free plan; phone and chat support in paid plans.

Rich feature set includes excellent invoicing, inventory management, workflow rules and a capable mobile app.

Add accounting widgets to your phone’s home screen; track time using your Apple Watch.

Fewer third-party integrations and reports than some competitors.

No plan includes more than 15 users (can add additional users for a fee).

» MORE: Best Zoho Books alternatives

To find startup accounting software that will best serve your business at any stage, consider scalability as well as strong customer support. You will also want to choose software that uses the accrual basis accounting method for recording transactions. It’s a more detailed (and therefore more involved) method of accounting, but for many businesses — especially those tracking a large amount of inventory and those in need of a business loan — it’s the preferred method.

Additional pricing tiers (per month): $33, $60, custom.  

$19 per month for the Lite plan.

$33 per month for the Plus plan.

$60 per month for the Premium plan.

Custom pricing for the Select plan.

With standout invoicing features and client management resources, FreshBooks is a great accounting solution for freelancers, particularly if you have 50 or fewer total clients and can therefore opt for the Lite or Plus plan. Your clients can even choose to create their own accounts. This lets them save and comment on invoices, save their payment information, invite others to access the account and collaborate on projects they’ve been invited to view.

Unlike some competitors that require you to pay extra for a time-tracking module, all FreshBooks plans come with unlimited time tracking. You can start a timer from within the mobile app to log hours spent on a particular project or sync data from tools like Asana and Trello.

Stay in touch with clients through the FreshBooks mobile app and get notified when invoices have been viewed or become overdue.

Intuitive, customizable invoicing capabilities compete with those of more robust accounting solutions.

Track time and add billable hours to invoices in all plans.

Weekday phone support in all plans.

Lacks features that quickly growing companies need, like audit trails for accountants to review.

Highest-tier Select plan only comes with two users (additional users add $11 per month) and lower-tier plans put limits on billable clients.

Least expensive plan lacks double-entry accounting reports, bank reconciliation and accountant access.

» MORE: Best alternatives to FreshBooks

• Sage 50 Accounting

Additional pricing tiers (per month): $101.92, $172.  

$58.92 per month, for 1 user, for the Pro Accounting plan.

$101.92 per month, for 1 user, for the Premium Accounting plan.

$172 per month, for 1 user, for the Quantum Accounting plan.

Prices increase with each additional user.

Sage 50 Accounting, unlike some of its competitors, offers inventory management and job costing features at all plan levels. Also included with every plan is Sage’s own cybersecurity offering, which will keep tabs on your business credit score and monitor for data breaches. Business owners working in construction or manufacturing may be especially drawn to Sage 50’s advanced inventory, job costing, reporting and budgeting capabilities.

Sage 50 Accounting advertises “cloud-connected capabilities,” which refers to a few features of the software that reach beyond typical desktop software functionality: bank feeds, which flow all your business transactions into the software to assist with the reconciliation process; data backups in the cloud for safeguarding your important financial information; and remote data access so you, your team and your accountant can securely access your data from devices other than the machine the software is locally installed on (though perhaps not simultaneously or seamlessly).

Advanced inventory tracking and job costing features.

Industry-specific features for construction, retail and professional services businesses.

Phone and chat support, plus a dedicated account representative in all plans.

Lowest-tier plan doesn’t include audit trails.

Pricier than many other solutions on this list.

Also sometimes called on-premise software, desktop accounting software must be locally installed on a specific computer and can only be accessed from that one device or location. For some small-business owners, this type of program feels more secure than online accounting software from a data protection perspective, though regular manual backups are necessary to protect against total loss of data in the event of a technology failure.

• Wave Accounting

Additional pricing tiers (per month): $16  

$0 for the Starter plan.

$16 per month for the Pro plan.

Wave is a simple solution for very small businesses that need a place to consolidate bookkeeping records and invoices, but don’t have to log more than a handful of transactions each day. The free version of the accounting software lets you track income and expenses, send unlimited invoices and automatically send reminders for late online payments. It also gives you access to more than a dozen pre-built financial reports, including a profit and loss statement and balance sheet.

If you don’t want to manually enter transactions into Wave, you can opt for the Pro plan to link an unlimited number of bank and credit card accounts for automated reconciliation. The paid plan offers more competitive online payment processing rates, too (starting at 2.9% per transaction vs. the free plan’s 2.9% + $0.60 per transaction).

Free plan available.

Lacks features that quickly growing companies need, like audit trails.

Must subscribe to Wave’s Pro plan or other paid services (payroll, payments, advisor, etc.) to receive customer support from a human

No third-party integrations, mileage tracking feature or ability to accept in-person card payments.

» MORE : Best free accounting software

• QuickBooks Enterprise

Additional pricing tiers (per year): $1,922; $2,363; $4,668. Adding users or cloud access costs extra.  

$1,481 per year for the Silver plan.

$1,922 per year for the Gold plan.

$2,363 per year for the Platinum plan.

$4,668 per year for the Diamond plan.

With QuickBooks Enterprise, business owners can set up volume discounts and customize pricing rules according to sales rep, item category or customer in the Platinum plan and up. The same plans help speed up the inventory count process by allowing businesses to use mobile devices as barcode scanners. And unlike some competitors that only track single inventory items, QuickBooks Enterprise lets you track inventory parts plus assemblies. You can also track the cost of goods sold and adjust inventory for loss or shrinkage.

It is possible to purchase cloud access so your team can better collaborate and access the software and its data from anywhere, but costs add up quickly with an additional monthly charge per user.

Strong feature set includes thorough record-keeping, invoicing and advanced inventory management and pricing rules.

More than 200 reports, including industry-specific options for various industries.

24/7 phone and chat support.

Limited direct, third-party software integrations.

Annual subscriptions are expensive; each additional user license and cloud access costs extra.

Per user. Additional pricing tiers per user (per month): $70.  

$35 per month per user for the Standard plan.

$70 per month per user for the Enterprise plan.

With Striven’s integrated accounting software, you have access not only to your general ledger and standard reports like profit and loss but also to tools for accounts receivable and accounts payable plus billing, order management and more. Striven’s accounting software will also help ensure your business is operating in a tax-compliant manner by automating tax calculations and giving you access to various tax reports.

Striven has designed accounting solutions tailored to a dozen industries. Its retail solution, for example, includes CRM, inventory management and marketing features to integrate with its accounting platform. But its nonprofit solution includes tools for managing records and scheduling events and even includes a donation portal. And because it’s a cloud-based system, you’ll be able to access your real-time accounting and other business data on the go from anywhere.

Offers industry-specific features for consulting businesses, nonprofits, manufacturing companies, professional services and more.

Tools to ensure tax compliance.

Other features include inventory tracking, reporting, invoicing, project management tools and the ability to categorize transactions using classes.

Customer support available by phone and live chat.

Monthly costs could add up quickly if you require multiple users.

No mobile app.

Limited third-party integrations available; no POS or payroll integrations.

• Additional accounting software to consider

In our review of more than a dozen accounting software products, NerdWallet determined a couple of products are strong contenders that may be worth consideration for certain businesses. Consider one of the following solutions if those on our list above don’t suit your small-business accounting needs.

Odoo: Good for an all-in-one business management app

Consider Odoo for your business if you:

Run a small, medium or enterprise business.

Need access for an unlimited number of users.

Have a monthly accounting software budget of $0-$58.40.

Require multiple software integrations (Odoo’s open-source software has dozens of its own apps for a variety of business needs plus thousands of third-party integrations).

$0 per month for use of a single app.

$38.90 per user per month for access to all apps.

$58.40 per user per month for access to all apps across multiple companies plus Odoo’s external API.

Like its name suggests, open-source software is open to the public, meaning anyone can access and tweak its code. This makes it more customizable than typical closed-source, or proprietary, software that you purchase, download and work with as-is. Open-source products, like Odoo, are ideal for business owners who know how to code and want to play a hands-on role in customizing the product to fit their business needs.

» MORE: Best business software

ZarMoney: Good for inventory management features

Consider ZarMoney for your business if you:

Need access for one to 30 users.

Have a monthly accounting software budget of $20-$350.

Require few or no software integrations (ZarMoney has only a handful).

$15 per month for the Entrepreneur plan.

$20 per month for the Small Business plan.

$350 per month for the Enterprise plan.

» MORE: Best inventory management software

• Accounting software you can skip

These few accounting products fell short in our ratings rubric on a number of fronts. We recommend skipping them in your exploration of the best accounting software for small businesses, unless you can live without some key features these products lack and their price tag feels worth it to you.

TrulySmall Accounting: Truly lacking some important features

Where it falls short: Considering its entry price point of $20 per month, we would expect TrulySmall Accounting to come with standard accounting features such as audit trails and the ability to switch between cash and accrual accounting . The software also lacks inventory tracking tools as well as integrations with any third-party software.

$20 per month for the Accounting plan.

TrulySmall also offers standalone Invoices and Expenses plans for businesses that opt out of the Accounting plan. They cost $8.99 per month each.

» MORE: Best online bookkeeping services

ZipBooks: Zip past this one while shopping

Where it falls short: When considered through the lens of free accounting software, ZipBooks is worth a gander, (although Wave and Zoho Books both offer free accounting plans with a heavier dose of useful features). But ZipBooks comes up short on mobile app features (receipt capture only), lacks inventory tracking, doesn’t offer support from an actual human (help library only) and has no direct integrations with other software.

$0 per month for the Starter plan.

$15 per month for the Smarter plan.

$35 per month for the Sophisticated plan.

Akaunting: Don’t be fooled by “free” software

Where it falls short: Akaunting advertises its “free” accounting software, but in fact, only the base plan for its desktop (on-premise) software is free. That free version of the software must be downloaded to a single machine, which means it is not accessible from any device anywhere via the cloud, and it won’t even fetch you standard accounting software features such as bank connections (for easy and automated transaction reconciliation), a chart of accounts or a general ledger. The lowest-tier on-premise plan essentially operates as invoicing software . But with plenty of strong free invoicing software products on the market — all of the options that make our list are cloud-based — you can skip right over Akaunting.

$0-$684 per year for an on-premise plan.

$12-$218 per month for a cloud plan.

• How we determined the best accounting software

NerdWallet independently reviews accounting software products before determining our top picks. We collect the data for our software ratings from products’ public-facing websites and from company representatives. Information is gathered on a regular basis and reviewed by our editorial team for consistency and accuracy.

NerdWallet’s accounting software ratings favor products that are easy to use, reasonably priced, have a robust feature set and can grow with your business. The best accounting software received top marks when evaluated across 10 categories and more than 30 subcategories. Learn more about how we rate small-business accounting software .

These ratings are meant to provide clarity in the decision-making process, but what’s best for your business will depend on its size, growth trajectory and which features you need most. We encourage you to research and compare multiple accounting software products before choosing one.NerdWallet does not receive compensation for any reviews. Read our editorial guidelines .

• How to choose accounting software

Ideally, your accounting software will make your day-to-day routine easier through automation. Here are some key factors to consider when researching and choosing the best accounting software for your small business.

Accessibility: Cloud-based software enables access through any device with an internet connection. This generally allows for easier collaboration with accountants and seamless integration with other business software. Desktop-based software, however, can only be accessed from a single computer.

Scalability: Take a look at products’ plan offerings, including how many employees and users the software can support, to make sure you can upgrade to a more robust version of the software as your business grows. If you anticipate rapid or high growth, consider accounting software for medium-sized businesses . 

Y our budget: Determine how much your business can afford to spend monthly on accounting software in conjunction with other recurring costs, like utilities, rent and additional software subscriptions for a POS system or payroll, for example. If you’re a solopreneur and want to keep costs down, check out our list of best accounting software for freelancers and the self-employed .

Ease of use: Accounting software that isn’t intuitive and user-friendly can take up an unnecessary amount of your time or discourage you from using it as often as you should to keep your finances in order. Test out free trials of accounting software, request a demo and watch tutorial videos to get a feel for navigating the software. 

Integrations: Think about the other types of software you already use or plan to use, and check to see if direct integrations are available between those products and the accounting software you’re considering. If not, you may need to pay for an indirect integration or manually transfer data from one product to another. 

Customer support: Think about what time of the day you’re most likely to reach out for assistance and how you’d like to communicate with customer service representatives. Free accounting software options typically offer less robust customer support solutions than paid products do. 

Sharing with your accountant: If you’re working with an outside accountant, take note of how easy (or not) a product makes it for you to share your financial details and reports with your accountant. Many popular accounting software products allow you to easily share access, but some require upgrades to costlier plans for this access and some products only enable you to export data to be sent to your accountant.

How much does accounting software cost?

If you’d like to shop by industry, check out NerdWallet’s picks for:

Best church accounting software .

Best construction accounting software .

Best consultant accounting software.

Best e-commerce accounting software .

Best farm accounting software .

Best hotel accounting software .

Best law firm accounting software .

Best manufacturing accounting software .

Best nonprofit accounting software .

Best property management accounting software .

Best accounting software for Amazon sellers .

Best accounting software for restaurants .

Best accounting software for retailers .

Best accounting software for SaaS businesses .

Best trucking accounting software .

• Compare NerdWallet’s top accounting software picks by features

To help determine which accounting software is best for your business, start by comparing each product’s maximum user limit, invoicing capabilities, time-tracking tools, inventory tracking features and phone support availability.

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Accounting Documents Library

Audit planning memorandum, understanding and writing the audit planning memorandum (audit plan memo).

An essential tool in the auditor ’s arsenal is the Audit Planning Memorandum, often referred to as the Audit Plan Memo. This comprehensive blueprint is fundamental to the success of an audit , ensuring that the process is structured, thorough, and results-focused. In this guide, we will walk through the purpose of an audit planning memorandum, its key components, and provide clear steps to write an effective memo that facilitates high-quality audits.

The importance of the audit planning memorandum

Before we launch into the intricacies, it’s vital to underline the significance of the audit planning memo. In the realm of accounting and audit, meticulous planning is not a luxury but a necessity. The memo serves as the fundamental framework upon which the entire audit is built. It's the precursor to detailed procedures, guiding the auditor's actions , laying down timelines, and ensuring that the audit addresses the most pressing risks.

Section 1: Understanding the basics of an audit planning memorandum

Definition and purpose.

An audit planning memorandum is a formal document prepared by the lead auditor at the onset of the audit or preceding the fieldwork. It outlines the planned approach and strategy for conducting the audit. This includes the identification of material audit areas, estimation of resources required, and the intended audit procedures .

Objectives and benefits

The principal aim of the audit planning memo is to encapsulate the audit plan in a single document, ensuring all team members are aligned regarding the direction of the audit. Key benefits of a well-crafted memo include:

• Ensures that the audit complies with professional standards and regulations .
• Provides a structured format for risk assessment and determination of audit objectives.
• Outlines the methodologies to be used in the audit, providing a consistent framework for all audit team members.

Section 2: Components of an effective audit planning memorandum

The audit planning memorandum is composed of several critical sections. Each serves a unique purpose in ensuring the thoroughness and success of the audit.

Risk assessment

The risk assessment section is arguably the most critical component of the memo. It identifies potential areas where financial statements might hold significant errors and the factors contributing to these risks. The depth of the analysis in this section informs the overall focus of the audit.

Materiality considerations

Materiality is a foundational concept in auditing, determining the significance of an error or misstatement in the financials. The audit planning memo includes the auditor's plan for establishing a materiality threshold, which in turn influences the audit's scope and procedures.

Scope of the audit

Defining the scope is about setting boundaries for the audit. Considerations such as the client's industry, past audit findings, or changes in the business landscape are part of this crucial part of the memo. It ensures that the audit remains comprehensive but also targets the right areas.

Timeline and resource allocation

This section is where the rubber meets the road. The timeline and allocation of resources must be detailed and realistic, outlining who will be doing what and when. It also considers any dependencies the audit has on client-provided information or other external factors beyond the auditor’s control.

Documentation plans

In this part, you will lay out the plans for documenting the audit process. This includes what documentation will be maintained, how and where it will be stored, and ensures compliance with all relevant standards.

Section 3: Steps to write an audit planning memorandum

Understand the client's business and industry.

Before penning a single word, it is imperative to develop a profound understanding of the client’s business and the industry in which it operates. Familiarity with industry best practices, common risks, and regulations is foundational in creating a tailored audit plan.

Conduct risk assessment

Utilize available data from various sources within the client's firm, industry benchmarking, and discussions with management to assess where potential risks lie. Consider both internal and external factors that could impact the financial statements.

Determine materiality thresholds

While auditing is a meticulous examination, it is neither possible nor practical to scrutinize every aspect of a client's financials. Determining what is material is crucial, and this decision is rooted in not only quantitative but also qualitative aspects.

Plan audit procedures

This step involves translating the general risk assessment and materiality thresholds into specific audit procedures. These are the tests and tasks that the audit team will perform to gather evidence.

Document the audit plan memo

Finally, compile the findings, analyses, and plans into a structured audit planning memorandum. Think of it as the narrative that tells the story of how the audit will unfold. Ensure that it is clear, comprehensive, and capable of being executed by any competent audit professional.

The audit planning memorandum is more than a checklist; it's a living document that evolves as the audit progresses. By following the template laid out in this guide, you set the stage for a rigorous, focused, and successful audit. Remember that the success of the plan lies not only in its creation but also in its execution. Regularly review and revise the audit plan memo as new information emerges to maintain the flexibility necessary in the dynamic field of auditing. A well-prepared memorandum not only safeguards the integrity of financial reporting but is also the hallmark of a professional audit.

‍ Simplify financial reporting and streamline expense management with Ramp 

Ramp is a leading-class software that makes financial reporting headaches a thing of the past. Our platform brings automation into the equation, keeping real-time records of all financial aspects of your business.

With real-time financial data automation, you’ll have the data at your fingertips when it’s time to check your company’s financial health. Aside from general financial reporting, including the reports mentioned above, Ramp gives you instant access to these:

• Expense reports : Automated expense reports track each penny your company spends on a granular level and make it easy to find and fix inefficiencies.
• Ecommerce reporting : Dive into dedicated eCommerce reports to track and optimize the performance of your online efforts.
• Variance reports : Variance reports give you more control by showing how much project income and expenses typically deviate from expectations in your business.

Reach out to us to learn what Ramp can do to help you meet your financial reporting goals.

Learn how Ramp makes accounting easy