presentation on geography of usa

United States

The United States of America is the world's third largest country in size and nearly the third largest in terms of population.

The United States of America is the world's third largest country in size and nearly the third largest in terms of population. Located in North America, the country is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. Along the northern border is Canada and the southern border is Mexico . There are 50 states and the District of Columbia .

More than twice the size of the European Union, the United States has high mountains in the West and a vast central plain. The lowest point in the country is in Death Valley which is at -282 feet (-86 meters) and the highest peak is Denali (Mt. McKinley) at 20,320 feet (6,198 meters).

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PEOPLE & CULTURE

Throughout its history, the United States has been a nation of immigrants. The population is diverse with people from all over the world seeking refuge and a better way of life.

The country is divided into six regions: New England, the mid-Atlantic, the South, the Midwest, the Southwest, and the West. European settlers came to New England in search of religious freedom. These states are Connecticut , Maine , Massachusetts , New Hampshire , Rhode Island , and Vermont .

The mid-Atlantic region includes Delaware , Maryland , New Jersey , New York , Pennsylvania , and the city of Washington, D.C. These industrial areas attracted millions of European immigrants and gave rise to some of the East Coast's largest cities: New York, Baltimore, and Philadelphia.

The South includes Alabama , Arkansas , Florida , Georgia , Kentucky , Louisiana , Mississippi , North Carolina , South Carolina , Tennessee , Virginia , and West Virginia , all of which struggled after the Civil War, which lasted from 1860-1865.

The Midwest is home to the country's agricultural base and is called the "nation's breadbasket." The region comprises the states of Illinois , Indiana , Iowa , Kansas , Michigan , Minnesota , Missouri , Nebraska , North Dakota , Ohio , South Dakota , and Wisconsin .

The Southwest is a beautiful stark landscape of prairie and desert. The states of Arizona , New Mexico , Oklahoma , and Texas are considered the Southwest and are home to some of the world's great natural marvels, including the Grand Canyon and Carlsbad Caverns.

The American West, home of rolling plains and the cowboy, is a symbol of the pioneering spirit of the United States. The West is diverse, ranging from endless wilderness to barren desert, coral reefs to Arctic tundra, Hollywood to Yellowstone . The states of the West include Alaska , Colorado , California , Hawaii , Idaho , Montana , Nevada , Oregon , Utah , Washington , and Wyoming .

The landscape varies across the large country from tropical beaches in Florida to peaks in the Rocky Mountains, from rolling prairie lands and barren deserts in the West to dense wilderness areas in the Northeast and Northwest. Interspersed throughout are the Great Lakes, the Grand Canyon, the majestic Yosemite Valley, and the mighty Mississippi River.

The wildlife is as diverse as the landscape. Mammals such as bison once roamed freely across the plains, but now live only in preserves. Black bears , grizzlies , and polar bears are the largest carnivores. There are over 20,000 flower species and most came from Europe. There are more than 400 areas which are protected and maintained by the National Park Service, and many other parks in each state.

The bald eagle is the national bird and symbol of the United States and is a protected species.

GOVERNMENT & ECONOMY

Citizens over the age of 18 years old vote to elect the President and Vice President of United States every four years. The president lives in the White House in the capital city of Washington, D.C.

There are two houses of Congress: the Senate and the House of Representatives. There are 100 senators, two from each of the 50 states and each serves a six-year term. There are 435 representatives who must be elected every two years.

The Supreme Court is made up of nine justices who are picked by the president and must be approved by Congress.

For the first time in the nation's history an African American, Barack Obama , was elected President of the United States in 2008. He was reelected for a second term in 2012.

Advances in the past hundred years have established America as a world leader economically, militarily, and technologically. America has the largest coal reserves in the world.

For centuries  native peoples lived across the vast expanse that would become the United States. Starting in the 16th century, settlers moved from Europe to the New World, established colonies, and displaced these native peoples.

Explorers arrived from  Spain in 1565 at St. Augustine,  Florida , and the British landed in 1587 to establish a colony in Roanoke, in present-day  Virginia . In 1606 another British colony was established in what would become Jamestown, Virginia. From there, the  French founded Quebec in 1608, then the  Dutch started a colony in 1609 in present-day  New York . Europeans continued to settle in the New World in ever-increasing numbers throughout the next couple of centuries.

Conflict with the Native Americans

While Native Americans resisted European efforts to gain land and power, they were often outnumbered and didn’t have as powerful of weapons. The settlers also brought diseases that the native peoples had not faced before, and these illnesses sometimes had horrible effects. A 1616 epidemic killed an estimated 75 percent of the Native Americans in the New England region of North America.

During this time, fights between the settlers and Native Americans erupted often, particularly as more people claimed land where the Native Americans lived. The U.S. government signed nearly 400 peace treaties between the mid-18th century and the mid-19th century to try to show they wanted peace with the Indigenous tribes. But the government did not honor most of these treaties, and even sent military units to forcibly remove Native Americans from their lands.

For example, in 1830, President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act, which granted land west of the  Mississippi River to Native American tribes who agreed to give up their lands. But this broke with other treaties he had signed with  Native American tribes in the Southeast . The removal was supposed to be voluntary, but Jackson used legal and military action to remove several tribes from their homelands and ended nearly 70 treaties during his presidency.

By the mid-19th century, most Native American tribes had been wiped out or moved to live on much smaller portions of land in the Midwest.

Declaring Independence

In 1776, colonists living in the New England area of the New World drafted the Declaration of Independence, a document that stated that the American colonies were tired of being ruled by Great Britain (now called the  United Kingdom ).  The settlers fought for—and won—their independence and formed a union of states based on a new  constitution . But despite stating that “all men are created equal” in the Declaration of Independence, the new country was home to millions of enslaved people.

Slavery in the United States

Enslaved Africans were brought to North America by boat as early as 1619. The trans-Atlantic slave trade saw more than 12.5 million people kidnapped from Africa and sold at ports throughout the Americas over the next couple of centuries.

By 1860, nearly four million enslaved people lived in the country. Most worked in the South, where their free labor allowed the sugar, cotton, and tobacco industries to flourish. Enslaved people even built the White House and the U.S. Capitol.

When  Abraham Lincoln became president in 1861, the nation had been arguing for more than a hundred years about enslaving people and each  state’s right to allow it. Lincoln wanted to end slavery. Many people in the northern states agreed with him; some people in the southern states, however, relied on enslaved people to farm their crops and did not want slavery to end. Eventually, 11 southern states formed the Confederate States of America to oppose the 23 northern states that remained in the Union. The Civil War began on April 12, 1861.

The Civil War was fought between abolitionists, or people who wanted to end slavery, and the pro-slavery Confederacy. Enslaved people weren’t freed until Lincoln delivered his famous Emancipation Proclamation speech in 1863, midway through the war. Two years later, the Civil War ended with a Union victory.

That same year, the passage of the 13th Amendment officially abolished the practice of slavery and ended nearly 250 years of slavery in the country. But it did not end racism. Former enslaved people—as well as their descendants— struggled with discrimination , and African American heroes today are still fighting for equality.

Progress (and Wars) in the 20th Century

After the Civil War, the United States  continued to expand westward until 1890, when the U.S. government declared the West fully explored. During this time of expansion, the population grew from about five million people in 1800 to nearly 80 million people in 1900.

The early 1900s were a time of progress in the United States. This in part was because of the number of immigrants coming to the country looking for opportunity. Between 1900 and 1915, 15 million immigrants arrived in the United States from countries such as Italy, Russia, and Poland. The new citizens worked in places such as gold mines and garment factories, and helped construct railroads and canals. These immigrants brought new ideas and culture to the young country.

The 20th century was also a time of industrial advancement. The development of the automobile and the  airplane lead to an increase in factory jobs and marked a shift in more people moving to live and work in big cities instead of farming in small towns.

But there were tough times, too. The United States fought alongside Great Britain, France,  Russia ,  Italy , Romania, and  Japan against  Germany , Austria- Hungary , Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire (now the country of  Turkey ) in World War I, before the country suffered through what became known as the Great Depression, a time of economic crisis during the 1930s.

In the 1940s, then-president  Franklin Delano Roosevelt steered the country out of the Depression before  leading the country during the Second World War , alongside allies France, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union (now Russia), against Germany, Italy, and Japan.

The United States’ reputation as a progressive country took hold after the two World Wars and the Great Depression. The ’50s, ’60s, and ’70s were a time of innovation in the nation. In 1958, NASA—the National Aeronautics and Space Administration—started exploring the possibility of space flight. By 1969, the agency landed the first human on the moon .

Throughout these three decades, the fight for civil rights in the country continued with Americans of all backgrounds fighting for equal rights for their fellow citizens. Civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr .’s “I Have a Dream” speech is perhaps the most famous speech associated with the civil rights movement. Historic firsts for people of color during these decades include Dalip Singh Saund becoming the first Asian American elected to the Congress in 1957; Thurgood Marshall becomingthe first African American justice to serve on the Supreme Court in 1967; and Shirley Chisholm becoming the first African American female elected to Congress in 1968.

The late 1900s saw the U.S. government get involved in several wars on different fronts, including the Vietnam War, a war between what was then the two separate countries of North and South Vietnam, in which the United States sided with South Vietnam; the Cold War, a long period of non-violent tensions between the United States and the former Soviet Union, now Russia; and the Gulf War, a war waged by 30-plus nations lead by the United States against the country of Iraq .

An Attack on America

Although the country was still a relatively young nation at the beginning of the 21st century, the United States had established itself as a global power. Some people saw this power as a threat.

On September 11, 2001 , 19 terrorists who disagreed with the United States’ involvement in world affairs hijacked four planes. Two of the planes were flown into the two 110-story skyscrapers that made up New York City’s World Trade Center. Another crashed into the Pentagon outside of Washington, D.C. The fourth plane went down in a Pennsylvania field. Nearly 3,000 people died that day.

Then-president George W. Bush sent troops to  Afghanistan after the events of 9/11. He hoped to capture those responsible for the attacks, including al Qaeda terrorist leader Osama bin Laden. Bush also sent troops to Iraq in 2003, after rumors started that the country was hiding dangerous weapons that the president wanted to find and destroy.

While bin Laden was eventually located and killed in 2011, the United States is still fighting what’s called “the war on terrorism” today.

Historic Firsts—Plus, a Pandemic

The 21st century marked more progress for the United States, particularly at its highest levels of government. In 2008,  Barack Obama became the first African American to be elected president of the United States. In 2020, Kamala Harris became the first Black and Indian American person and the first woman elected vice president.

The early 2000s also saw the elections of  Donald Trump , the first U.S. president to be impeached twice, in 2016; and  Joe Biden , the oldest person to be elected president, in 2020. The United States—along with the rest of the world—also endured the  coronavirus pandemic that began in 2020.

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The Geography of the United States

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Geography of the United States of America

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• Country Information
• Physical Geography
• Political Geography
• Key Figures & Milestones
• Urban Geography
• M.A., Geography, California State University - East Bay
• B.A., English and Geography, California State University - Sacramento

The United States of America is the third-largest country in the world based on population and land area. The United States also has the world's largest economy and is one of the most influential nations in the world.

Fast Facts: United States

• Official Name: United States of America
• Capital: Washington, D.C.
• Population: 329,256,465 (2018)
• Official Language: None, but most of the country is English-speaking 
• Currency: US dollar (USD)
• Form of Government: Constitutional federal republic
• Climate: Mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest; low winter temperatures in the northwest are ameliorated occasionally in January and February by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains
• Total Area: 3,796,725 square miles (9,833,517 square kilometers)
• Highest Point: Denali at 20,308 feet (6,190 meters) 
• Lowest Point: Death Valley at -282 feet (-86 meters)

Independence and Modern History

The original 13 colonies of the United States were formed in 1732. Each of these had local governments and their populations grew quickly throughout the mid-1700s. During this time, tensions between the American colonies and the British government began to rise, as the American colonists were subject to British taxation without representation in the British Parliament.

These tensions eventually led to the American Revolution, which was fought from 1775-1781. On July 4, 1776, the colonies adopted the Declaration of Independence . Following the American victory over the British in the war, the U.S. was recognized as independent of England. In 1788, the U.S. Constitution was adopted and in 1789, the first president George Washington took office.

Following its independence, the U.S. grew rapidly. The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 nearly doubled the nation's size. The early to mid-1800s also saw growth on the west coast, as the California Gold Rush of 1848-1849 spurred western migration and the Oregon Treaty of 1846 gave the U.S. control of the Pacific Northwest.

Despite its growth, the U.S. also had severe racial tensions in the mid-1800s as enslaved Africans were used as laborers in some states. Tensions between the states that practiced enslavement and those that did not led to the Civil War, and 11 states declared their secession from the union and formed the Confederate States of America in 1860. The Civil War lasted from 1861-1865. Ultimately, the Confederate States were defeated.

Following the Civil War, racial tensions remained throughout the 20th century. Throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the U.S. continued to grow and remained neutral at the beginning of World War I in 1914. It later joined the Allies in 1917.

The 1920s were a time of economic growth in the U.S. and the country began to grow into a world power. In 1929, however, the Great Depression began and the economy suffered until World War II. The U.S. also remained neutral during this war, until Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941, at which time the U.S. joined the Allies.

Following WWII, the U.S. economy again began to improve. The Cold War followed shortly thereafter, as did the Korean War from 1950-1953 and the Vietnam War from 1964-1975. Following these wars, the U.S. economy, for the most part, grew industrially and the nation became a world superpower concerned with its domestic affairs because public support had wavered during previous wars.

On Sept. 11, 2001 , the U.S. was subject to terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington, D.C., which led to the government pursuing a policy of reworking world governments, particularly those in the Middle East.

The U.S. government is a representative democracy with two legislative bodies, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate consists of 100 seats, with two representatives from each of the 50 states. The House of Representatives consists of 435 seats, the occupants of which are elected by the people from each of the 50 states. The executive branch consists of the president, who is also the head of government and chief of state.

The U.S. also has a judicial branch of government that is made up of the Supreme Court, the U.S. Court of Appeals, U.S. District Courts, and State and County Courts. The U.S. is comprised of 50 states and one district (Washington, D.C.).

Economics and Land Use

The U.S. has the largest and most technologically advanced economy in the world. It mainly consists of the industrial and service sectors. The main industries include petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, and mining. Agricultural production, though only a small part of the economy, includes wheat, corn, other grains, fruits, vegetables, cotton, beef, pork, poultry, dairy products, fish, and forest products.

Geography and Climate

The U.S. borders both the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans and is bordered by Canada and Mexico. It is the third-largest country in the world by area and has a varied topography. The eastern regions consist of hills and low mountains, while the central interior is a vast plain (called the Great Plains region). The west has high rugged mountain ranges (some of which are volcanic in the Pacific Northwest). Alaska also features rugged mountains as well as river valleys. Hawaii's landscape varies but is dominated by volcanic topography.

Like its topography, the climate of the U.S. also varies depending on location. It is considered mostly temperate but is tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the plains west of the Mississippi River and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest.

"United States." The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency.

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The Interior Lowlands and their upland fringes

• The Appalachian Mountain system
• The Atlantic Plain
• The Western Cordillera
• The Western Intermontane Region
• The Eastern systems
• The Pacific systems
• Climatic controls
• The change of seasons
• The Humid East
• The Humid Pacific Coast
• The Dry West
• The Humid–Arid Transition
• The Western mountains
• Animal life
• Early models of land allocation
• Creating the national domain
• Distribution of rural lands
• Patterns of farm life
• Regional small-town patterns
• Weakening of the agrarian ideal
• Impact of the motor vehicle
• Reversal of the classic rural dominance
• Classic patterns of siting and growth
• New factors in municipal development
• The new look of the metropolitan area
• Individual and collective character of cities
• The supercities
• The hierarchy of culture areas
• New England
• The Midland
• The Midwest
• The problem of “the West”
• Ethnic European Americans
• African Americans
• Asian Americans
• Middle Easterners
• Native Americans
• Religious groups
• Immigration
• Strengths and weaknesses
• Labor force
• Agriculture, forestry, and fishing
• Biological resources
• Manufacturing
• Foreign trade
• Roads and railroads
• Water and air transport
• The executive branch
• The legislative branch
• The judicial branch
• State and local government
• Voting and elections
• Money and campaigns
• Political parties
• National security
• Domestic law enforcement
• Health and welfare
• The visual arts and postmodernism
• The theater
• Motion pictures
• Popular music
• The European background
• The New England colonies
• The middle colonies
• The Carolinas and Georgia
• Imperial organization
• Political growth
• Population growth
• Economic growth
• Land, labor, and independence
• Colonial culture
• From a city on a hill to the Great Awakening
• Colonial America, England, and the wider world
• The Native American response
• The tax controversy
• Constitutional differences with Britain
• The Continental Congress
• The American Revolutionary War
• Treaty of Paris
• Problems before the Second Continental Congress
• State politics
• The Constitutional Convention
• The social revolution
• Religious revivalism
• The Federalist administration and the formation of parties
• The Jeffersonian Republicans in power
• Madison as president and the War of 1812
• The Indian-American problem
• Effects of the War of 1812
• National disunity
• Transportation revolution
• Beginnings of industrialization
• Birth of American Culture
• Education and the role of women
• The democratization of politics
• The Jacksonians
• The major parties
• Minor parties
• Abolitionism
• Support of reform movements
• Religious-inspired reform
• Westward expansion
• Attitudes toward expansionism
• Sectionalism and slavery
• Popular sovereignty
• Polarization over slavery
• The coming of the war
• Moves toward emancipation
• Sectional dissatisfaction
• Foreign affairs
• Lincoln’s plan
• The Radicals’ plan
• Johnson’s policy
• “Black Codes”
• Civil rights legislation
• The South during Reconstruction
• The Ulysses S. Grant administrations, 1869–77
• The era of conservative domination, 1877–90
• Jim Crow legislation
• Booker T. Washington and the Atlanta Compromise
• Westward migration
• Urban growth
• The mineral empire
• The open range
• The expansion of the railroads
• Indian policy
• The dispersion of industry
• Industrial combinations
• Foreign commerce
• Formation of unions
• The Haymarket Riot
• The Rutherford B. Hayes administration
• The administrations of James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur
• The surplus and the tariff
• The public domain
• The Interstate Commerce Act
• The election of 1888
• The Sherman Antitrust Act
• The silver issue
• The McKinley tariff
• The agrarian revolt
• The Populists
• The election of 1892
• Cleveland’s second term
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• The Spanish-American War
• The new American empire
• The Open Door in the Far East
• Building the Panama Canal and American domination in the Caribbean
• Origins of progressivism
• Urban reforms
• Reform in state governments
• Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive movement
• The Republican insurgents
• The 1912 election
• The New Freedom and its transformation
• Woodrow Wilson and the Mexican Revolution
• Loans and supplies for the Allies
• German submarine warfare
• Arming for war
• Break with Germany
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• America’s role in the war
• Wilson’s vision of a new world order
• The Paris Peace Conference and the Versailles Treaty
• The fight over the treaty and the election of 1920
• Postwar conservatism
• Peace and prosperity
• New social trends
• The Great Depression
• Agricultural recovery
• Business recovery
• The second New Deal and the Supreme Court
• The culmination of the New Deal
• An assessment of the New Deal
• The road to war
• War production
• Financing the war
• Social consequences of the war
• The 1944 election
• The new U.S. role in world affairs
• The Truman Doctrine and containment
• Postwar domestic reorganization
• The Red Scare
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• Domestic issues
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• An assessment of the postwar era
• The New Frontier
• The Great Society
• The civil rights movement
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• Social changes
• The Vietnam War
• Domestic affairs
• The Watergate scandal
• The Gerald R. Ford administration
• Domestic policy
• The Ronald Reagan administration
• The George H.W. Bush administration
• The Bill Clinton administration
• The George W. Bush administration
• Election and inauguration
• Tackling the “Great Recession,” the “Party of No,” and the emergence of the Tea Party movement
• Negotiating health care reform
• Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)
• Deepwater Horizon oil spill
• Military de-escalation in Iraq and escalation in Afghanistan
• The 2010 midterm elections
• WikiLeaks, the “Afghan War Diary,” and the “Iraq War Log”
• The repeal of “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell,” the ratification of START, and the shooting of Gabrielle Giffords
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• The failed “grand bargain”
• Raising the debt ceiling, capping spending, and the efforts of the “super committee”
• Occupy Wall Street, withdrawal from Iraq, and slow economic recovery
• Deportation policy changes, the immigration law ruling, and sustaining Obamacare’s “individual mandate”
• The 2012 presidential campaign, a fluctuating economy, and the approaching “fiscal cliff”
• The Benghazi attack and Superstorm Sandy
• The 2012 election
• The Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting
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• The IRS scandal, the Justice Department’s AP phone records seizure, and Edward Snowden’s leaks
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• The Obamacare rollout
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• The rise of ISIL (ISIS), the Bowe Bergdahl prisoner swap, and imposition of stricter carbon emission standards
• The child migrant border surge, air strikes on ISIL (ISIS), and the 2014 midterm elections
• Normalizing relations with Cuba, the USA FREEDOM Act, and the Office of Personnel Management data breach
• The Ferguson police shooting, the death of Freddie Gray, and the Charleston church shooting
• Same-sex marriage and Obamacare Supreme Court rulings and final agreement on the Iran nuclear deal
• New climate regulations, the Keystone XL pipeline, and intervention in the Syrian Civil War
• The Merrick Garland nomination and Supreme Court rulings on public unions, affirmative action, and abortion
• The Orlando nightclub shooting, the shooting of Dallas police officers, and the shootings in Baton Rouge
• The campaign for the 2016 Republican presidential nomination
• The campaign for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination
• Hillary Clinton’s private e-mail server, Donald Trump’s Access Hollywood tape, and the 2016 general election campaign
• Trump’s victory and Russian interference in the presidential election
• “America First,” the Women’s Marches, Trump on Twitter, and “fake news”
• Scuttling U.S. participation in the Trans-Pacific Partnership, reconsidering the Keystone XL pipeline, and withdrawing from the Paris climate agreement
• ICE enforcement and removal operations
• The travel ban
• Pursuing “repeal and replacement” of Obamacare
• John McCain’s opposition and the failure of “skinny repeal”
• Neil Gorsuch’s confirmation to the Supreme Court, the air strike on Syria, and threatening Kim Jong-Un with “fire and fury”
• Violence in Charlottesville, the dismissal of Steve Bannon, the resignation of Michael Flynn, and the investigation of possible collusion between Russia and the Trump campaign
• Jeff Session’s recusal, James Comey’s firing, and Robert Mueller’s appointment as special counsel
• Hurricanes Harvey and Maria and the mass shootings in Las Vegas, Parkland, and Santa Fe
• The #MeToo movement, the Alabama U.S. Senate special election, and the Trump tax cut
• Withdrawing from the Iran nuclear agreement, Trump-Trudeau conflict at the G7 summit, and imposing tariffs
• The Trump-Kim 2018 summit, “zero tolerance,” and separation of immigrant families
• The Supreme Court decision upholding the travel ban, its ruling on Janus v. American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, No. 16-1466 , and the retirement of Anthony Kennedy
• The indictment of Paul Manafort, the guilty pleas of Michael Flynn and George Papadopoulos, and indictments of Russian intelligence officers
• Cabinet turnover
• Trump’s European trip and the Helsinki summit with Vladimir Putin
• The USMCA trade agreement, the allegations of Christine Blasey Ford, and the Supreme Court confirmation of Brett Kavanaugh
• Central American migrant caravans, the pipe-bomb mailings, and the Pittsburgh synagogue shooting
• The 2018 midterm elections
• The 2018–19 government shutdown
• Sessions’s resignation, choosing a new attorney general, and the ongoing Mueller investigation
• The Mueller report
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• The coronavirus pandemic
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United States

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United States , country in North America , a federal republic of 50 states. Besides the 48 conterminous states that occupy the middle latitudes of the continent , the United States includes the state of Alaska , at the northwestern extreme of North America, and the island state of Hawaii , in the mid- Pacific Ocean . The conterminous states are bounded on the north by Canada , on the east by the Atlantic Ocean , on the south by the Gulf of Mexico and Mexico , and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. The United States is the fourth largest country in the world in area (after Russia , Canada, and China ). The national capital is Washington , which is coextensive with the District of Columbia , the federal capital region created in 1790.

The major characteristic of the United States is probably its great variety. Its physical environment ranges from the Arctic to the subtropical, from the moist rain forest to the arid desert, from the rugged mountain peak to the flat prairie . Although the total population of the United States is large by world standards, its overall population density is relatively low. The country embraces some of the world’s largest urban concentrations as well as some of the most extensive areas that are almost devoid of habitation.

The United States contains a highly diverse population. Unlike a country such as China that largely incorporated indigenous peoples, the United States has a diversity that to a great degree has come from an immense and sustained global immigration. Probably no other country has a wider range of racial, ethnic, and cultural types than does the United States. In addition to the presence of surviving Native Americans (including American Indians, Aleuts , and Eskimos ) and the descendants of Africans taken as enslaved persons to the New World, the national character has been enriched, tested, and constantly redefined by the tens of millions of immigrants who by and large have come to America hoping for greater social, political, and economic opportunities than they had in the places they left. (It should be noted that although the terms “America” and “Americans” are often used as synonyms for the United States and its citizens, respectively, they are also used in a broader sense for North, South, and Central America collectively and their citizens.)

The United States is the world’s greatest economic power, measured in terms of gross domestic product (GDP). The nation’s wealth is partly a reflection of its rich natural resources and its enormous agricultural output, but it owes more to the country’s highly developed industry. Despite its relative economic self-sufficiency in many areas, the United States is the most important single factor in world trade by virtue of the sheer size of its economy. Its exports and imports represent major proportions of the world total. The United States also impinges on the global economy as a source of and as a destination for investment capital. The country continues to sustain an economic life that is more diversified than any other on Earth, providing the majority of its people with one of the world’s highest standards of living.

The United States is relatively young by world standards, being less than 250 years old; it achieved its current size only in the mid-20th century. America was the first of the European colonies to separate successfully from its motherland, and it was the first nation to be established on the premise that sovereignty rests with its citizens and not with the government. In its first century and a half, the country was mainly preoccupied with its own territorial expansion and economic growth and with social debates that ultimately led to civil war and a healing period that is still not complete. In the 20th century the United States emerged as a world power, and since World War II it has been one of the preeminent powers. It has not accepted this mantle easily nor always carried it willingly; the principles and ideals of its founders have been tested by the pressures and exigencies of its dominant status. The United States still offers its residents opportunities for unparalleled personal advancement and wealth. However, the depletion of its resources, the contamination of its environment, and the continuing social and economic inequality that perpetuates areas of poverty and blight all threaten the fabric of the country.

The District of Columbia is discussed in the article Washington . For discussion of other major U.S. cities, see the articles Boston , Chicago , Los Angeles , New Orleans , New York City , Philadelphia , and San Francisco . Political units in association with the United States include Puerto Rico, discussed in the article Puerto Rico , and several Pacific islands, discussed in Guam , Northern Mariana Islands , and American Samoa .

The two great sets of elements that mold the physical environment of the United States are, first, the geologic, which determines the main patterns of landforms, drainage, and mineral resources and influences soils to a lesser degree, and, second, the atmospheric, which dictates not only climate and weather but also in large part the distribution of soils, plants, and animals. Although these elements are not entirely independent of one another, each produces on a map patterns that are so profoundly different that essentially they remain two separate geographies. (Since this article covers only the conterminous United States, see also the articles Alaska and Hawaii .)

The center of the conterminous United States is a great sprawling interior lowland, reaching from the ancient shield of central Canada on the north to the Gulf of Mexico on the south. To east and west this lowland rises, first gradually and then abruptly, to mountain ranges that divide it from the sea on both sides. The two mountain systems differ drastically. The Appalachian Mountains on the east are low, almost unbroken, and in the main set well back from the Atlantic . From New York to the Mexican border stretches the low Coastal Plain , which faces the ocean along a swampy, convoluted coast. The gently sloping surface of the plain extends out beneath the sea, where it forms the continental shelf , which, although submerged beneath shallow ocean water, is geologically identical to the Coastal Plain. Southward the plain grows wider, swinging westward in Georgia and Alabama to truncate the Appalachians along their southern extremity and separate the interior lowland from the Gulf.

West of the Central Lowland is the mighty Cordillera, part of a global mountain system that rings the Pacific basin. The Cordillera encompasses fully one-third of the United States, with an internal variety commensurate with its size. At its eastern margin lie the Rocky Mountains, a high, diverse, and discontinuous chain that stretches all the way from New Mexico to the Canadian border. The Cordillera’s western edge is a Pacific coastal chain of rugged mountains and inland valleys, the whole rising spectacularly from the sea without benefit of a coastal plain. Pent between the Rockies and the Pacific chain is a vast intermontane complex of basins, plateaus, and isolated ranges so large and remarkable that they merit recognition as a region separate from the Cordillera itself.

These regions—the Interior Lowlands and their upland fringes, the Appalachian Mountain system, the Atlantic Plain, the Western Cordillera , and the Western Intermontane Region—are so various that they require further division into 24 major subregions, or provinces.

Andrew Jackson is supposed to have remarked that the United States begins at the Alleghenies , implying that only west of the mountains, in the isolation and freedom of the great Interior Lowlands, could people finally escape Old World influences. Whether or not the lowlands constitute the country’s cultural core is debatable, but there can be no doubt that they comprise its geologic core and in many ways its geographic core as well.

This enormous region rests upon an ancient, much-eroded platform of complex crystalline rocks that have for the most part lain undisturbed by major orogenic (mountain-building) activity for more than 600,000,000 years. Over much of central Canada, these Precambrian rocks are exposed at the surface and form the continent’s single largest topographical region, the formidable and ice-scoured Canadian Shield .

In the United States most of the crystalline platform is concealed under a deep blanket of sedimentary rocks. In the far north, however, the naked Canadian Shield extends into the United States far enough to form two small but distinctive landform regions: the rugged and occasionally spectacular Adirondack Mountains of northern New York and the more-subdued and austere Superior Upland of northern Minnesota , Wisconsin , and Michigan . As in the rest of the shield, glaciers have stripped soils away, strewn the surface with boulders and other debris, and obliterated preglacial drainage systems. Most attempts at farming in these areas have been abandoned, but the combination of a comparative wilderness in a northern climate, clear lakes, and white-water streams has fostered the development of both regions as year-round outdoor recreation areas.

Mineral wealth in the Superior Upland is legendary. Iron lies near the surface and close to the deepwater ports of the upper Great Lakes . Iron is mined both north and south of Lake Superior , but best known are the colossal deposits of Minnesota’s Mesabi Range , for more than a century one of the world’s richest and a vital element in America’s rise to industrial power. In spite of depletion, the Minnesota and Michigan mines still yield a major proportion of the country’s iron and a significant percentage of the world’s supply.

South of the Adirondack Mountains and the Superior Upland lies the boundary between crystalline and sedimentary rocks; abruptly, everything is different. The core of this sedimentary region—the heartland of the United States—is the great Central Lowland, which stretches for 1,500 miles (2,400 kilometers) from New York to central Texas and north another 1,000 miles to the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . To some, the landscape may seem dull, for heights of more than 2,000 feet (600 meters) are unusual, and truly rough terrain is almost lacking. Landscapes are varied, however, largely as the result of glaciation that directly or indirectly affected most of the subregion. North of the Missouri – Ohio river line, the advance and readvance of continental ice left an intricate mosaic of boulders, sand, gravel, silt, and clay and a complex pattern of lakes and drainage channels, some abandoned, some still in use. The southern part of the Central Lowland is quite different, covered mostly with loess (wind-deposited silt) that further subdued the already low relief surface. Elsewhere, especially near major rivers, postglacial streams carved the loess into rounded hills, and visitors have aptly compared their billowing shapes to the waves of the sea. Above all, the loess produces soil of extraordinary fertility . As the Mesabi iron was a major source of America’s industrial wealth, its agricultural prosperity has been rooted in Midwestern loess.

The Central Lowland resembles a vast saucer, rising gradually to higher lands on all sides. Southward and eastward, the land rises gradually to three major plateaus. Beyond the reach of glaciation to the south, the sedimentary rocks have been raised into two broad upwarps, separated from one another by the great valley of the Mississippi River . The Ozark Plateau lies west of the river and occupies most of southern Missouri and northern Arkansas ; on the east the Interior Low Plateaus dominate central Kentucky and Tennessee . Except for two nearly circular patches of rich limestone country—the Nashville Basin of Tennessee and the Kentucky Bluegrass region —most of both plateau regions consists of sandstone uplands, intricately dissected by streams. Local relief runs to several hundreds of feet in most places, and visitors to the region must travel winding roads along narrow stream valleys. The soils there are poor, and mineral resources are scanty.

Eastward from the Central Lowland the Appalachian Plateau —a narrow band of dissected uplands that strongly resembles the Ozark Plateau and Interior Low Plateaus in steep slopes, wretched soils, and endemic poverty—forms a transition between the interior plains and the Appalachian Mountains. Usually, however, the Appalachian Plateau is considered a subregion of the Appalachian Mountains, partly on grounds of location, partly because of geologic structure. Unlike the other plateaus, where rocks are warped upward, the rocks there form an elongated basin, wherein bituminous coal has been preserved from erosion. This Appalachian coal , like the Mesabi iron that it complements in U.S. industry, is extraordinary. Extensive, thick, and close to the surface, it has stoked the furnaces of northeastern steel mills for decades and helps explain the huge concentration of heavy industry along the lower Great Lakes.

The western flanks of the Interior Lowlands are the Great Plains , a territory of awesome bulk that spans the full distance between Canada and Mexico in a swath nearly 500 miles (800 km) wide. The Great Plains were built by successive layers of poorly cemented sand, silt, and gravel—debris laid down by parallel east-flowing streams from the Rocky Mountains . Seen from the east, the surface of the Great Plains rises inexorably from about 2,000 feet (600 meters) near Omaha , Nebraska , to more than 6,000 feet (1,825 meters) at Cheyenne , Wyoming , but the climb is so gradual that popular legend holds the Great Plains to be flat. True flatness is rare, although the High Plains of western Texas , Oklahoma , Kansas , and eastern Colorado come close. More commonly, the land is broadly rolling, and parts of the northern plains are sharply dissected into badlands.

The main mineral wealth of the Interior Lowlands derives from fossil fuels. Coal occurs in structural basins protected from erosion—high-quality bituminous in the Appalachian, Illinois , and western Kentucky basins; and subbituminous and lignite in the eastern and northwestern Great Plains. Petroleum and natural gas have been found in nearly every state between the Appalachians and the Rockies, but the Midcontinent Fields of western Texas and the Texas Panhandle, Oklahoma, and Kansas surpass all others. Aside from small deposits of lead and zinc , metallic minerals are of little importance.

Geography of the USA

Mar 25, 2019

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VY_32_INOVACE_1 5-01. Geography of the USA. US states Bodies of water Mountains , lowlands. American States. a federation of 50 states and 1 District of Columbia the whole North America , from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans 9, 400, 000 sq km

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VY_32_INOVACE_15-01 Geographyofthe USA US states Bodies of water Mountains, lowlands

AmericanStates • a federationof50 statesand 1 Districtof Columbia • thewholeNorthAmerica, fromtheAtlantic to thePacificOceans • 9, 400, 000 sq km • neighbours: Canada, Mexico (the Rio Grande) • Alaska, Hawai Islands, Puerto Rico, Guam… • 4 time zones • divided into 6 regions: • New England • The Middle Atlantic • The South • The Midwest • The Southwest • The Northwest

New England & The Middle Atlant. • six states: • Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island • history: • first colonies - John Smith, Plymouth - Pilgrims • Boston • history • culture, education – Harvard, MIT • Vermont • rural settlements, farms • seven states: • New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia • Great Valley • The Appalachians • history • New York, Philadelphia • Niagara Falls • Pennsylvania Dutch Country • Amish people

Autor: Nelson48, Název: Boston downtownskyline.jpg Zdroj: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boston_downtown_skyline.jpg Boston

The South • eleven states: • Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Florida…+ other states along the Gulf Coast • cotton and tobacco plantations - history • The Great Smoky National Park • Washington D.C. – the capital • Atlanta – culture, finance, Coca-Cola • New Orleans – French atmosphere, jazz • Florida – holidays, Miami, Orlando, commercial centre, Cape Canaveral AFS

Autor: Astrokey44Nelson48, Název: US map-SouthModern.png Zdroj: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_map-South_Modern.png The South

The Midwest & The Northwest • thirteen states: • Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, … • The Black Hills • Mt Rushmore • The Great Lakes • agricultural: • corn, wheat, dairy belts • Chicago • 3rd largest, The Sears Tower • Detroit (car industry), Minneapolis - skyways 1. Rocky Mount. States: • Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, NewMexico 2.The Pacific Northwest States: • Oregon, Washington, Alaska • Yellowstone NP, Glacier NP, Yosemite NP (canyons, geyser, falls…) • The Colorado Rockies • Salt Lake City – Mormons, Denver, Seattle – technology, Boeing • Alaska – Klondike Gold Rush, Anchorage, Inuits

Autor: Sam Boulton,Název: MtRushmore.JPG Zdroj: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mt_Rushmore.JPG Mt Rushmore YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Autor: Daniela Mayer, Název:Old Faithful Geyser at Yellowstone.JPG Zdroj:http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Old_Faithful_Geyser_at_Yellowstone.JPG

The Southwest & Hawai • three states: • California, Arizona, Nevada • The Sequoia NP • The Great Basin • The Death Valley • caves, lakes, pines • The Grand Canyon • the Colorado river • Spanish, Mexican people, Indians • Navajos, Shoshones • San Fransisco, Los Angeles, Las Vegas • joinedthe USA in 1959 • Hawai, Maui, O`ahu, Kaua`i… • theonlyisland as a state • tropicalclimate • abundantbeaches, diverse nature, volcanos (MaunaKea, M. Loa) • capital: • Honolulu • languages: • official: English and Hawaiian, • other:Tagalog, HawaianCreoleEnglish = pidgin (da kine) • whaling, sandalwood, sugarcane, pineapple • endemits, NP, surfing, Haw. folklore

Bodies of water • Rivers • the Mississippi – ‘father of water’ – 3rd longest in the world • the Missouri, the Ohio, the Arkansas • the St Lawrence River, the Rio Grande • the Colorado, the Columbia, the Snake, the Niagara, the Hudson, the Yukon • Lakes • The Great Lakes • Lake Superior, Ontario, Huron, Erie, Michigan • Niagara Falls • American X Canadian

Mountains and lowlands • East: • Appalachian Mountains • plateaus • The Mississippi Lowland • The Atlantic Plain • West: mountainous • mount. rangers: Sierra Nevada, the Cascade Range, the Cordilleras – the Rocky Mount., the Grand Canyon • middle: • central plains • the highest peak X lowest place • Mt McKinley (Alaska) X Death Valley

Autor: Jon Sullivan, Název: Grand Canyon-Mather point.jpg Zdroj: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grand_Canyon-Mather_point.jpg Grand Canyon

Thank you for your attention. Autor DUM: Mgr. Darina Sikorová

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The United Statesof America

The United States (U.S. or US), officially the United States of America (U.S.A. or USA) and commonly known as America, is a country primarily located in North America.

The Federal District is Washington D.C. (District of Columbia), the capital of the USA.

In the United States, a state is a constituent political entity, of which there are currently 50. Bound together in a political union, each state holds governmental jurisdiction over a separate and defined geographic territory where it shares its sovereignty with the federal government.

It consists of 50 states and a federal district.

It's about 4,830 km from the east to the west coast.

It has the 3rd largest population in the world.

It's the 3rd biggest country in the world.

The USA is an enormous country.

If we add Alaska and Hawaii,the time zones become 6.

In the 48 contiguous states, i.e. from NY to San Francisco, there are 4 time zones.

It consists of 50 states, i.e. 48 contiguous states and 2 non contiguous ones (Alaska and Hawaii)

It has significant land borders with Canada to the north and Mexico to the south.

As the second largest ocean basin, the Atlantic Ocean borders the east coast of the U.S., while the Pacific, Earth's largest ocean basin, borders the U.S. west coast.

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North America: Physical Geography

North America, the third-largest continent, extends from the tiny Aleutian Islands in the northwest to the Isthmus of Panama in the south.

Earth Science, Geology, Meteorology, Geography, Physical Geography

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North America, the third-largest continent , extends from the tiny Aleutian Islands in the northwest to the Isthmus of Panama in the south. The continent includes the enormous island of Greenland in the northeast and the small island countries and territories that dot the Caribbean Sea and western North Atlantic. In the far north, the continent stretches halfway around the world, from Greenland to the Aleutians. But at Panama’s narrowest part, the continent is just 50 kilometers (31 miles) across. North America’s physical geography , environment and resources , and human geography can be considered separately. North America can be divided into five physical regions : the mountainous west, the Great Plains , the Canadian Shield , the varied eastern region, and the Caribbean. Mexico and Central America’s western coast are connected to the mountainous west, while its lowlands and coastal plains extend into the eastern region. Within these regions are all the major types of biomes in the world. A biome is a community of animals and plants spreading over an extensive area with a relatively uniform climate . Some diverse biomes represented in North America include desert , grassland , tundra , and coral reefs . Western Region Young mountains rise in the west. The most familiar of these mountains are probably the Rockies, North America’s largest chain. The Rockies stretch from the province of British Columbia, Canada, to the U.S. state of New Mexico. The Rocky Mountains are part of a system of parallel mountain ranges known as the Cordilleras . A cordillera is a long series of mountain ranges. Although cordilleras exist all over the world, in North America, “the Cordilleras” indicate the massive mountain ranges in the western part of the continent. The Cordilleras extend from Canada all the way to the Isthmus of Panama. The Sierra Madre mountain system is part of the Cordilleras. The Sierra Madre stretch from the southwestern United States to Honduras. The Sierra Madre include many high volcanoes (up to 5,636 meters, or 18,500 feet) that stretch across Mexico south of the cities of Guadalajara and Mexico City. Volcanic mountain ranges in Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama are also considered part of the Cordilleras. Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur frequently in this region. Volcanic activity can destroy towns and cities. It also contributes to the rich, fertile soils of the region. Some of Earth’s youngest mountains are in the Cascade Range of the U.S. states of Washington, Oregon, and California. Some peaks began to form only about one million years ago—a blink of an eye in Earth’s long history. The mountains include temperate rainforest —a biome unique to the area. The temperate rainforest receives an incredible amount of precipitation , between 254 to 508 centimeters (100 to 200 inches) annually. However, its cool winters and mild summers promote the growth of mosses, ferns, fungi, and lichens . The temperate rainforest supports a wide variety of life. The Sitka spruce ( Picea sitchensis ), western red cedar ( Thuja plicata ), and Douglas fir are trees native to North America’s temperate rainforest. Some of these trees grow to more than 90 meters (300 feet) tall and three meters (10 feet) in diameter. Black bears ( Ursus americanus ), Roosevelt elk ( Cervus canadensis roosevelti ), and marmots ( Marmota flaviventris ) are indigenous animal species. The three major desert regions of North America—the Sonoran, Mojave, and Chihuahuan—are all in the American southwest and northern Mexico. These large deserts are located in the rain shadows of nearby mountains. The mountains block precipitation and accelerate the movement of hot, dry wind over these regions. The Sonoran is in the rain shadow of the Coast Ranges, the Mojave is in the shadow of the Sierra Nevada, and the Chihuahuan is in the shadow of the Sierra Madre. Notable desert plant species includes the saguaro cactus ( Carnegiea gigantea ), Joshua tree ( Yucca brevifolia ), and mesquite. Animal species include the roadrunner, Gila monster ( Heloderma suspectum ), and rattlesnake. In addition to mountains, deserts, and forests, the northern part of the western region of North America also has the richest deposits of oil and natural gas on the continent. Most of these deposits are located offshore , in the Arctic and Pacific Oceans. Great Plains The Great Plains lie in the middle of the continent. Deep, rich soil blankets large areas of the plains in Canada and the United States. Grain grown in this region, called the “Breadbasket of North America,” feeds a large part of the world. The Great Plains are also home to rich deposits of oil and natural gas. Much of the fertile soil was formed from material deposited during the most recent glacial period . This ice age reached its peak about 18,000 years ago. As glaciers retreated, streams of melted ice dropped sediment on the land, building layers of productive soil. The grassland or prairie regions of the Great Plains make up the largest biome in North America. Extreme weather prevents the growth of large plants but is perfectly suited to the native grasses that dominate the region. Native grasses vary in size from two meters (seven feet) in tallgrass prairies to only 20 or 25 centimeters (eight or 10 inches) in shortgrass prairies. Native animal species include bison, prairie dogs, and grasshoppers. Canadian Shield The Canadian Shield is a raised but relatively flat plateau . It extends over eastern, central, and northwestern Canada. The Canadian Shield is characterized by a rocky landscape pocked by an astounding number of lakes .

The tundra, stretching along the northern borders of Alaska and Canada to the Hudson Bay area, is a biome common to the Canadian Shield. Tundra is where low temperatures and precipitation levels hinder tree growth. The tundra is characterized by permafrost —soil that is frozen for two or more years. This permafrost keeps moisture near the soil’s surface, promoting vegetation growth even in the extreme, Arctic conditions of the tundra. During the summer, this top layer of soil thaws less than 10 centimeters (only a few inches) down, forming numerous shallow lakes, ponds, and bogs . Lichens, mosses, algae, and succulents take advantage of these shallow waters. In turn, they provide food for the caribou ( Rangifer tarandus ) and musk ox ( Ovibos moschatus ) that are typical of this area. Eastern Region This varied region includes the Appalachian Mountains and the Atlantic coastal plain. North America’s older mountain ranges, including the Appalachians, rise near the east coast of the United States and Canada. These areas have been mined for rich deposits of coal and other minerals for hundreds of years. The Atlantic coastal plain extends from river , marsh , and wetland regions east of the mountains toward the sandy beaches of the Atlantic coast. Wetland areas are a biome of the eastern region and consist of areas of land whose soil is saturated with permanent or seasonal moisture. The Florida Everglades is the largest wetland system in the United States, covering more than 11,137 square kilometers (4,300 square miles) of southern Florida. The Everglades is a biologically diverse region and contains several bordering ecosystems . Sawgrass marshes are the most iconic plant community of the Everglades and thrive on the slow-moving water of the wetlands. Alligators ( Alligator mississippiensis ) nest in the sawgrass, while wading birds such as herons, spoonbills, and ibises make their breeding grounds in other wetland tree species, such as cypress and mangrove. Caribbean Region The Caribbean Region includes more than 7,000 islands, islets, reefs, and cays . The region’s islands and smaller islets are varied in their topography ; some have relatively flat and sandy terrain while others are rugged, mountainous, and volcanic. The coral reefs and cays of the Caribbean Sea are among the most spectacular biomes in North America. A reef is a ridge of jagged rock, coral, or sand just above or below the surface of the sea. Some coral reefs surround islands, such as the Bahamas, Antigua, and Barbados. Others are found off the Florida Keys, a chain of cays—small islands situated on a coral reef platform—near the southern coast of Florida. Coral reefs are made of millions of tiny animals—corals—that form a hard shell around their bodies. This hard surface provides a rich community for algae and plants such as seagrass. Brightly colored tropical fish, as well as sharks, sea turtles, sea stars, and sea horses, are animals native to the Caribbean’s coral reefs. Natural Wonders North America’s varied landscape features many natural wonders. It has deep canyons, such as Copper Canyon in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. Denali, the continent’s highest peak, stands at 6,194 meters (20,320 feet) within Denali National Park and Preserve in the U.S. state of Alaska. Yellowstone National Park, in the U.S. states of Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho, has some of the world’s most active geysers . Canada’s Bay of Fundy has the greatest tidal range in the world. The Great Lakes form the planet’s largest area of freshwater . The Mississippi River, at 3,730 kilometers (2,320 miles) long, is one of the longest river systems in the world and drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states.

Population Density The continent contains 57 people per square kilometer (22 people per square mile).

Highest Elevation Denali, Alaska, United States (6,190 meters/20,310 feet)

Most Renewable Electricity Produced 96.7 percent of the power of Belize comes from hydropower and biomass.

Largest Urban Area 23.7 million people live in the metropolitan area of the New York City, New York, United States.

Largest Watershed The Mississippi River has an area of three million square kilometers (1.15 million square miles).

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• Usa geography

Usa Geography PowerPoint Templates & Google Slides Themes

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USA Geography

Free presentations in powerpoint format.

Geography of the United States

Physical Characteristics of the United States

Regional Geography of the United States

United States Geography

US Geography – Landforms and Regions of the 50 States

US Geography – Interactive Quiz of the US, Continents and Oceans

US Geography and Terminology

USA and Canada – Regional Geography

We Have Fun with Geography

See Also: The United States , 50 US States , Overviews , Geography Index

For MORE links, lessons and loads of other goodies for teachers and kids, continue on to see what Mr. Donn has for USA , the 50 States , Geography and Geography Lesson Plans .

US Geography Physical Features Quiz

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USA facts: get ready for the lowdown on the Land of Opportunity!

Check out our facts about the united states of america, we’re off to a place of towering sky scrapers, beautiful beaches, breath-taking canyons, cool cowboys and mega movie stars fancy joining then check out our fab facts about the usa….

Official Name : United States of America Population : 324, 057, 300 Form of Government : Constitution-based federal republic Capital : Washington, D.C. Area : 9, 826, 630 square kilometres Major Mountain Ranges : Rocky Mountains, Appalachian Mountains Major Rivers : Mississippi, Missouri, Colorado Languages : English, Spanish Money : U.S. dollar

Map of the USA

Geography of the usa.

The United States of America (often referred to as the USA , or simply the US ) is the world’s third largest country in size (after Russia and Canada ) and the third largest in terms of population (after China and India ). Located in North America , the country is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean, and on the east by the Atlantic Ocean. Along the northern border is Canada, and along the southern border is Mexico . There are 50 states and the District of Columbia.

More than twice the size of the European Union , the United States has high mountains in the West and a vast, central plain. The lowest point in the country is in Death Valley , which sits 86m below sea level, and the highest peak is Mount McKinley , standing a whopping 6,198m tall.

Landscape, wildlife and nature of the USA

The landscape varies across this large country – from the tropical beaches of Florida to the snowy peaks of the Rocky Mountains , from the rolling prairie lands and barren deserts in the west to the huge areas of dense wilderness in the north. Interspersed throughout are the Great Lakes , the Grand Canyon , the majestic Yosemite Valley and the mighty Mississippi River .

The wildlife is as diverse as the landscape. Mammals such as American Buffalo once roamed freely across the plains, but today can only be found in protected areas. The largest carnivores are black bears , grizzlies and even  polar bears ,  which live in the northernmost state of Alaska.

The United States works to look after its wildlife, with nearly 400 areas protected and maintained by the National Park Service , and many other parks in each state. The bald eagle, today a protected species, is the national bird and symbol of the United States.

History of the USA

For centuries, native peoples lived across the vast expanse that would become the United States of America.   Some of these  indigenous tribes spent their time moving freely around the huge continent, while others settled in particular areas and formed large permanent communities.

Each of these tribes developed their own cultures ,  celebrations and ceremonies . Many native people continue to follow these traditions today, as a way to remember their heritage and celebrate who they are.

In the early 17th century, settlers moved from Europe to the ‘ New World ’, established colonies and displaced the native peoples. Later, in the 18th century, the settlers fought for their independence from Britain and formed a union of states based on a new constitution . The nation continued to expand westward and, although the country is a relatively young nation, it has become a global power since declaring independence from Britain on July 4, 1776.

You can read more about the  British Empire  and how it changed the world, in our British Empire facts.

Regions of the USA

Throughout its history, the United States has been a nation of immigrants. The population is diverse with people from all over the world seeking refuge and a better way of life. The country is divided into six regions – New England, the mid-Atlantic, the South, the Midwest, the Southwest and the West.

European settlers came to New England in search of religious freedom. These states are Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont.

The mid-Atlantic region includes Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania and the city of Washington, D.C. These industrial areas attracted millions of European immigrants and gave rise to some of the East Coast”s largest cities – New York, Baltimore and Philadelphia.

The South includes Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia. These states all struggled in the years following the American Civil War , which lasted from 1860-1865.

The Midwest is home to the country”s agricultural base and is called the ‘nation”s breadbasket”. The region comprises the states of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota and Wisconsin.

The Southwest is a beautiful stark landscape of prairie and desert. The states of Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas are considered the Southwest, home to some of the world”s great natural marvels, including the Grand Canyon and Carlsbad Caverns .

The American West, land of the iconic western cowboy and rolling plains, is a symbol of the pioneering spirit of the United States. The West is diverse, ranging from endless wilderness to barren desert, coral reefs to Arctic tundra, Hollywood to Yellowstone National Park . The states of the West include Alaska, Colorado, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington and Wyoming.

US government and economy

Citizens over the age of 18 years old vote to elect the President and Vice President of the United States every four years. The president lives in the White House in the capital city of Washington, D.C.

The part of the government that makes the country’s laws, controls the money and decides if the USA should go to war is called the Congress . There are two houses of Congress – the Senate and the House of Representatives . The Senate has 100 members, two from each of the 50 states, and each serves a six-year term. The House of Representatives is made up of 435 representatives, who must be elected every two years.

The Supreme Court is the branch of the government that interprets the laws of the USA. It is the highest court in the country and made up of nine justices, who are each picked by the president and must be approved by Congress.

Advances in the past hundred years have established America as a world leader economically, militarily and technologically. The USA’s important exports include petroleum products, aircrafts, vehicle parts and medical equipment, and the country’s big imports include cars, industrial machinery, computers and crude oil.

USA map: National Geographic Maps. Picture of the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri: pawel.gaul, iStockphoto. Picture of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, California: espiegle, iStockphoto. Picture of Zion Canyon in Utah: bjul, Shutterstock. Statue of Liberty in New York City: Stuart Monk, Shutterstock. All other pictures: Getty Images UK.

What do you make of our usa facts let us know by leaving a comment below, leave a comment.

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I love USA facts!

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We enjoy National Geographic kids

This is a great website!

i wont to know about USA

It was awesome

we celebrate the 4th of july because the 30th presedent was born on the 4th and because 2 important men died on the 4th of july.

nice facts these are really handy facts that I would recommend from;] mannat

this is awesome.thx for the good facts

I like the cool carved rock

nice. I like it!

I love this page. It really help me with my school work

i love the u.s.a i like the gateway arch in St Louis,MO

we never knew why people celebrated the 4th of July but know we understand why.

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