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Loops are an essential feature of any programming language. They provide a way to automate repetitive tasks, iterate over data structures and perform complex operations. Bash script offers several types of loops such as for , while , until etc. Moreover, one can use any loop within another loop to create a nested loop structure for performing more complex tasks with few lines of code.
Syntax | Description |
---|---|
for variable in list; do # Code done | Iterate over the list and execute code for each element of the list |
while condition; do # Code done | Execute code repeatedly as long as the condition is true |
until condition; do # Code done | Execute code repeatedly until the condition becomes true |
select variable in list; do # Code done | Execute code based on the choice that the variable takes from the list |
continue | Skip the current iteration of a loop and continue with the next iteration |
break | Terminate a loop based on certain condition |
Examples of control structures available in Bash programming language:
Functions offer several advantages in Bash scripting. They promote code reusability. One can define a function once and use it multiple times. This enhances productivity , code readability and maintainability , as functions help break down complex tasks into smaller, modular units.
Syntax | Description |
---|---|
function_name() { # code } | Declare a function with the specified function name |
function_name | Call a function with the specified function name |
local var_name=value | Declare a local variable inside a function |
return | Exit a function and return a value of the calling function |
Demonstration of defining a function and calling the function in Bash script.
Bash script has built-in capabilities of performing arithmetic operations on numeric values. One can use arithmetic expressions and operators to perform calculations . Here are the key aspects of arithmetic operations in Bash.
Syntax | Description |
---|---|
+ | Addition |
– | Subtraction |
* | Multiplication |
/ | Division |
% | Modulus or remainder |
** | Raise to a power |
((i++)) | Increment a variable |
((i–)) | Decrement a variable |
Arithmetic conditional operators are usually used on two numbers to determine if a certain condition is true or false.
Syntax | Description |
---|---|
-lt | Equals to mathematical operator (less than) |
-gt | Equals to mathematical operator (greater than) |
-le | Equals to mathematical operator (less than equal) |
-ge | Equals to mathematical > operator (greater than equal) |
-eq | Equals to mathematical operator (equal) |
-ne | Equals to mathematical operator (not equal) |
Boolean operators include and && , or || and not equal to ! . These operators allow us to test if two or more conditions are true or not.
&& | Logical AND operator |
|| | Logical OR operator |
! | NOT equal to operator |
We can manipulate and transform strings to achieve various tasks in Bash script. It provides a variety of techniques for string manipulation. Here are some key aspects of string manipulation:
Syntax | Description |
---|---|
concatenated=”$str1 $str2″ | Concatenate the variables set in and |
substring=${str:n} | Extracts a substring from index to till the end of the string that stored in variable |
substring=${str:0:5} | Extracts substring from index to index of the string that stored in variable |
length=${#str} | Find the length of the string that stored in variable |
[[ $str == *”World”* ]] | Returns if the string stored in variable contains the word World |
replaced=${str/World/Universe} | Replaces the first occurrence of ‘World’ with ‘Universe’ within the string stored in variable |
trimmed=${str##*( )} | Trims leading whitespace of the string stored in variable |
trimmed=${trimmed%%*( )} | Trims trailing whitespaces of the string stored in variable |
We can use string comparison operators to determine if a string is empty or not, and to check if a string is equal, less, or greater in length to another string.
Syntax | Description |
---|---|
= | equal |
!= | not equal |
< | less then |
> | greater then |
-n str1 | string is not empty |
-z str2 | string is empty |
In conclusion, the Bash scripting cheat sheet of this article is a valuable resource for all levels of scriptwriter as it covers the key aspects of Bash programming. I believe the cheat sheet will help the reader to write robust, versatile and customized Bash scripts. However, Bash scripting is vast and has limitless tools and topics. So never stop to explore additional resources and documentation to deepen your understanding and proficiency in Bash scripting.
What does $@ mean in bash.
$@ is a special variable in bash that indicates all the arguments passed to the script or function. It holds each argument as a separate word.
Bash is used due to its flexibility, scripting power, and its widespread use in the Unix/Linux ecosystem. It has become the go-to shell for a lot of users and system administrators because of its robustness and compatibility.
Bash stands for Bourne Again Shell . It is the default shell of most Linux/Unix-like operating systems.
There is no straightforward answer to this question. In fact, it depends on your project’s needs and your personal preference. For example, if you need to automate the command-line task in a Unix/Linux environment, you can opt for the Bash scripting language. Other popular scripting languages include Javascript, Python, PHP, Perl, etc.
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