how to publish a research paper in scopus for free

• Analysis of the increase in the Hirsch index
• Academic Translation and Proofreading
• Checking scientific articles for uniqueness
• Creation of websites for scientific journals
• Exclusive package “All-Embracing Support”
• Find out the cost of DOI assignment
• ISBN registration
• ISSN/ESSN registration
• Editing and correcting the text of a scientific article
• Publications

Selection of the journal

1. Use the official Source List compiled by Scopus: Visit the Scopus web-site ( https://www.scopus.com/sources ) and use the search tools to select a journal that matches your research subject. Check whether the journal accepts articles free-of-charge or with a low publication fee.

2. Check Open Access Journal Lists: Many open access journals provide free publishing. However, it is worth considering that some of them may charge small fees to cover publishing costs.

Requirements for the article and preparation for submission

1. Carefully read the instructions for the authors: Make sure that your article meets the requirements of the journal in structure, formatting and other parameters.

2. Prepare an abstract and keywords: Make a short and informative abstract that reflects the essence of your research. Choose keywords that will help your article to be noticed and found by search engines.

3. Check the text for plagiarism: The journals indexed in the Scopus database strictly monitor the uniqueness of the articles received. Use specialized programs to check your text for plagiarism to avoid rejection.

4. Use the citation responsibly: Cite only sources that are relevant to your research. Avoid excessive citation.

Article submission and reviewing process

1. Register on the website of the journal and send the article: Follow the instructions of the journal for sending articles and upload all the necessary files.

2. Be patient and ready for revisions: The review process can take from a few weeks to a few months. Be aware of the fact that reviewers may ask you to make changes in the article.

3. Study carefully the comments of reviewers: Take into account the comments and suggestions of reviewers and make appropriate changes in your article.

4. Submit the edited article: After making changes, submit the article for reconsideration.

Successful publication and next steps

1. Tell the public about your article: Having successfully publishing an article in the journal indexed in Scopus, share a link to your research on social networks, scientific forums and with colleagues to draw attention to it.

2. Track your article’s citations: Use Scopus services and other scientific databases to track how your article is cited by other researchers.

3. Continue to develop in the scientific field: Participate in scientific conferences, follow new publications in your field and strive to further develop your scientific achievements.

This can be done with the help of professionals

For many researchers, publication in Scopus can be a complex and time-consuming process. In this case, seeking help from professional companies such as E-SCIENCE SPACE can greatly facilitate and accelerate this process. Especially for this, we created an all-inclusive service “Publication in Scopus” – https://e-science.space/en/services/publishing-in-the-scopus-journals/

Conclusions:

It is possible to publish an article in a journal indexed in Scopus free-of-charge if you select the appropriate journal with open access or low publication fees. It is important to carefully prepare the article, observing the requirements of the journal, and show patience during the reviewing process. Consider all the tips and recommendations presented in this article, and you have every chance to publish your work successfully in Scopus without significant financial costs.

The free publication in Scopus may require additional efforts, but this is an important step to expand the audience for your research papers and uphold your reputation in the academia. In the end, your article will attract more attention, facilitate cooperation with colleagues and possibly open up new opportunities for your scientific career

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How to publish your research paper in a journal indexed under SCOPUS database?

Founded in 2004, SCOPUS is one of the largest indexing databases for journals and books in the medical and life sciences field. Over 25,000 journals and 200,000 books are indexed under the SCOPUS database. Publications are the primary metric for success in the research field. Publication in a high-impact and peer-reviewed scholarly journal is the ultimate aim of a researcher to demonstrate his/her credibility. Popular and reputed databases such as SCOPUS indexes the journals by considering several factors; regularity (issue release frequency), type of review process (peer-reviewed or not), and reputation of the journal. Hence, publication in a SCOPUS indexed journal can be challenging. The following section describes a step-by-step process that will help you to publish your research paper in a suitable journal indexed under the SCOPUS database.

Performing search in the SCOPUS database

It is effortless to search for SCOPUS indexed journals under a specific category or with a keyword on the homepage ( https://www.scopus.com/sources.uri ). One can search for a specific journal just by providing simple details such as –

• The specific subject of interest,
• Title or Keyword of the specific journal/publication,
• Name of the publisher, and

However, if one is not sure of these details, he/she can perform a broader search by selecting the specific subject area of the research.

Identifying the target journal

Check for the aim and scope of the journal, examine the nature of the journal, and ensure its peer-review process. Research about the journal performance and understand the review and publication timelines. Confirm whether your target journal is indexed in SCOPUS by performing a search in the database, as mentioned in the above section. Keep ease, quality, reach and impact at the forefront of your mind and look for the appropriate publishing models (Open Access or Subscription-Based).

Preparing the research paper based on journal guidelines

Author guidelines are made available by the author in the author’s information or about the journal section. Follow the guidelines provide while formatting your paper and attach a cover letter (must) and mention the reason if any of the given instruction is not followed. Always limit the number of tables and figures and remove additional information to concise the data. Prepare figures and tables carefully and format exactly as mentioned in the guidelines. The length of the manuscript must be considered while formatting. An ideal length for a manuscript is 25 to 40 pages, double spaced, including essential data only. Write a concise and straight-to-point conclusion. Do not just repeat the abstract; the conclusion should explain the novelty of the research and the future aspects.

Submitting Your Paper

The final step is to submit the final formatted paper to the target journal via the submission portal. A good and complete understanding of the journal’s terms and conditions is required while submitting your paper. One should be aware of where to submit a paper, submission deadlines, submission fee, or open access fee, and any other procedural necessities to follow before submission.

In conclusion, having a research paper published in a Scopus indexed journal is of great importance for researchers. Researchers require carefully preparing and understanding all the requirements for formatting and submission. The requirements for scientific publication in a SCOPUS indexed journal are very high, and every researcher must understand this before submitting their work for review.

ManuscriptEdit helps authors and researchers at every step of their publication journey by offering dynamic and customizable editorial services including Proofreading, Formatting, and Journal Recommendations and Submission.

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How to Publish a Research Paper in Scopus Publication 2023

For anyone engaged in carrying out research on a particular phenomenon or set of phenomena in their respective disciplines and fields of study, irrespective of whether they are characterized as researchers, scientists, R&D specialists, or otherwise, their objective is not only to make profound findings that are capable of changing the course of that field but also to make knowledge and awareness of these findings as widespread as possible. There are varying opinions within the research community of what the easiest and quickest ways of spreading awareness of one’s research work are. While some feel like taking part in a series of high-level international conferences throughout the globe and presentation their research study, the findings of this study, the research methodologies employed, etc, is the most efficient way to raise conciseness about their work amongst the global academic community, others rely completely on ‘word-of-mouth’ means to spread the word about their extraordinary research work and findings. 

Amongst veteran research professionals, it is a well-known fact and a given, that having your research findings published in the form of a research article or paper in a world-renowned academic journal or publication which has a high-impact factor, is the most reliable and efficient way for a researcher to gain recognition for his/her research work. However, in such cases, the problem of choosing the right journal and publication to have your research article published in arises. Why is choosing the best journal to have your research article published important? This is because of the existence of millions of phony and fraudulent academic journals and publishing companies, whose sole intention is to defraud vulnerable research authors of their money (through exorbitant registration and publishing fees). It is therefore incredibly vital that research authors pay careful attention to the journal and publication that they are opting for, before proceeding to have their research articles published in them. 

To offer some credibility to legitimate journals and publications that are not fraudulent or phony but genuine and authentic in terms of their intentions to promote science and innovation, numerous journal indexing databases have come up. One of the most popular journal indexing databases in existence is the Scopus journal database, which indexes millions of legitimate journals across all disciplines and domains. For a research author to have his/her research article published in a Scopus publication 2023 is the first step towards acquiring due recognition for their extraordinary research work. A lot of research professionals, however, are completely unaware of how to go about finding the best Scopus-indexed journal for their particular brand of research work. This article is meant to serve as a comprehensive guide for all those wishing to have their research articles published in a world-renowned 2023 Scopus publication of global repute but are not aware of exactly how to go about doing so. 

• The Scopus journal indexing database is a massive collection of journals and publications across all fields and disciplines. 
• One can find thousands, if not millions of journals for any field or discipline that they can think of, including very niche ones and subfields too. 
• The first step to getting a successful research publication Scopus indexed journals is to scour the Scopus databases and compile a list of all suitable journals where one can have their research article or paper published.
• their discipline, 
• their specialization,
• their country, 
• the specific area of research that they have experimented on, etc. 
• On performing such searches they will come across several journals that match these criteria, which they can then add to their list of potential Scopus-indexed journals to have their article published in. 
• Now that a list of potential Scopus-indexed journals 2023 has been compiled, it is time to find out which journal is the best for one’s particular brand of research, and findings. 
• This will have to be done systematically by taking several factors into consideration, and then singling out one particular journal that satisfied all of the considered criteria. 
• the reach of the journal (how many countries that journal is read in), 
• the reader-base of the journal (how many people actually subscribe to the journal), 
• the reputability of the journal (is the journal well-known and respected in the academic community),
• the type of journal (whether the journal is an open-source or subscription-based journal), 
• the reviewal process followed by the journal (is the reviewal process followed by the journal lax or over stringent), 
• the time typically taken for the journal to publish an article (does the journal take too late for a manuscript to be published after it has been accepted and deemed worthy of publication), 
• the cost of publication (whether the journal charges publishing, registration or any other hidden fees),
• the impact factor of the journal (this includes several factors including ones already mentioned above, such as the reach of the journal , its reputability, the reader-base of the journal, etc). 
• On weighing where each of the shortlisted journals from the list that was compiled earlier, stand, one can easily single out which the most ideal journal for them to have their research paper published in, is. 
• Once one has carefully considered each of the shortlisted Scopus-indexed journals based on where they stand for each of the criteria mentioned above, one can easily make a decision as to which of the shortlisted journals is the best for their brand of research, the findings that they have made, and their discipline. 
• This is one of the most crucial steps that need to be followed to make publication in Scopus indexed journals an easy, simple, and straightforward process.
• In order to get their research article successfully published in a Scopus-indexed journal of their choice, one will first have to submit an application to this journal. 
• the ‘Abstract’ section of the proposed research article that needs to be published, and 
• a ‘Cover Letter’.
• Preparing a convincing Abstract requires the research paper to be written in advance well before submitting an application. 
• This is because the Abstract is one of the most crucial parts of a research article and serves in offering a brief summary or gist of the entire research paper (along with the Introduction section) for readers. 
• Therefore, in order to prepare a convincing Abstract, a research author wishing to have their article published in a Scopus-indexed journal, should already have written their entire research paper or at least have started writing it. 
• The Cover Letter is a formal letter to the editor-in-chief of the Scopus-indexed journal that one is applying to. 
• why the proposed research work is vital to the field, 
• what challenges it has solved, 
• why the findings are of incredible significance to the future of the discipline, 
• what makes the research methodologies employed highly unique, unusual, and authentic, etc. 
• Once a research author has managed to prepare a convincing Abstract that the Editor-in-chief or any other representative of the journal who is in charge of vetting new manuscripts is bound to find appealing and engaging, as well as a compelling Cover Letter that demonstrates the integrity of the applicant as a genuine and hard-working research professional, he/she can submit it to their chosen Scopus-indexed journal in the hopes of getting an invite to submit their manuscript. 
• Once a research author’s application has been successfully accepted by their chosen Scopus-indexed journal and they have received an invite asking them to submit their manuscript, it is time for the research author to refine their manuscript as much as possible. 
• Writing a world-class research paper is not about using fancy language, including too many details, or packing in an abundance of data. 
• an intriguing Title, 
• interesting Introduction & Abstract sections, 
• an engaging body (containing authentic data, stats, figures, case studies, research methodologies, literature survey, etc), 
• an appealing Results section (that goes into detail about the conclusions and outcomes of the research study as well as the significance of each of these findings). 
• By ensuring that one has managed to meet all of the above-mentioned criteria for a world-class research article or paper, one can rest assured that their manuscript will be accepted and deemed worthy of being considered for publication in their journal. 
• Now that the manuscript has been accepted successfully, it is time to pass the review process followed by the journal.
• As part of the review process, the editorial committee or the reviewing committee will assign one or more peer reviewers who will go through your manuscript, find mistakes, and demand certain edits to be made to your manuscript. 
• These edits will then have to be made by the research author and only then upon the approval of the reviewing committee that the suggested edits have been implemented successfully, will the reviewing committee deem the article or paper fit for publication. 
• Once a research author receives intimation of their manuscript being accepted by the reviewing committee or editorial committee (whichever might be responsible) of the journal, he/she can rest assured that their article or paper will be successfully published by the Scopus-indexed journal that they have chosen.

Following the steps detailed in this guide, is guaranteed to help any research author seeking the publication of his/her research papers in scopus journals , to be able to do so effortlessly.  

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Complete Guide to Publish in Scopus

• Complete Guide to Publish in…

Table of Contents

Overview of Scopus Publication

Greatly looking to get your research study published in one of the well enough and recognized Scopus Publication indexed journals 2021, but are not sure what to do? This article is intended only for people the same as you, because it provides a step by step procedure of how you might search, define, and response the best indexed Scopus journal or PhD publication Assistance in your subject areas.

Though, if you are the person who don’t have the knowledge of publications of Scopus indexed and journals then you need to start to know what Scopus indexed journal is. And why you want your research paper to be published in this journal?

Let you know about this Journal first…..

Scopus publication is one of the largest citation databases in the today’s world for peer-reviewed papers, articles, and colloquiums. Anyone one in the scholarly institution who is respectable wants to have their scientific work reported in indexed Scopus journals and books since millions of professors, writers and researchers (scholars) and other specialists around the world trust and read them. Scopus is among the most well enough and influential publications to be indexed.

One might feel confident that the highest quality is any journal or publication which is a Scopus index publication. It is because, as far as publications can be indexed. Scopus has stringent policies and requirements. Any publication chosen through Scopus to classified. As a part of its public list shall be carefully checked for its validity, credibility, research scope, content quality and the up to date existence of the published information and many other criteria. When a journal is listed in the public list of Scopus. It is known as a journal indexed through Scopus.

Steps are as follows in Publishing the Paper in a Publication Journal under Scopus

• Exploring listed Scopus Publications
• Detecting Scopus listed quality journal/publication
• Format  your research paper according to the journal’s instructions
• Uploading your paper
• Following the acceptance from the publisher

 Ownership of Copyrights

• Proof of publishing your paper

Exploring Listed Scopus Publications

• Scopus has decided to make it seamless and easy to understand for anyone searching for indexed Scopus publications. As well as, it is relevant to their subject of interest and purpose of study to do so.
• Because thousands of Scopus indexed publications are available throughout all domains. Today, it can be incredibly tough for someone searching for an appropriate Scopus indexed publication. To discover one, just by scanning via the Scopus public list.
• Scopus has made it necessary for customer to download ones favorite publications through accessing tiny details like-
• Subject of interest
• Name of specific journal
• Name of publisher
• Utilizing all of the above specifics correctly will help individuals locate the exact publication mentioned in the public list of Scopus.
• Getting specific information about the paper you are searching for. It including the above accessing details which could find things simpler for you to identify the specific journal.
• Though, if you are uncertain of this basic information for the journal you are looking for, then you may want to perform a wider look through manually opening the particular field and performing a wider search for the topic. It may require more time, but is also simple because Scopus provides further possibilities to focus on your idea.

Detecting Scopus Listed Quality Journal Publication

• The main objective of anyone wanting to get their research and published papers in indexed Scopus publications. To gain credibility from influential domain experts and peers in their domains.
• Though, dimly publishing your research paper in any publication is not the better way. To let people know about your academic research.
• The most relevant and suitable journal for their primary field of interest/ study always found immediately.
• As outlined above, Scopus has various journals and publications mentioned as a part of its public list. It considers to be credible, reliable and of having excellent quality.
•  There are several standards can borne in mind when assessing whether the journal on the Scopus public list is the most pertinent to their work and research like-
• The number of users that the daily papers has
• The subjects that the publication can identify to address
• The number of researchers whose work may accept for publication
• The possibilities that will be available of the publication of research paper writing
• Their status and popularity within particular field/ domain
• If it comes for making decisions whether to choose a closed access paper or an accessible journal to submit work then it is important to keep in mind that an open access journal requires authors and co-authors to charge processing fees in the venue that the journal decides to publish their findings.

Format your Research Paper According to the Journal’s Instructions

• Once you’ve recognized the ideal journal to publish your research, you’re sure to have the approval and support you require –

• To continue your position in your profession
• Increase competitiveness as a renowned researcher
•  Things needed funding to carry out your research and,
• Ability to obtain both profitable cooperation and advancement development
• To do so, start with reading and gaining a firm idea of all the terms of service of publication that you have defined to publish in your research.
• Then try to check all the previous problems of the publication, read the newspapers published within it, and take note of the best papers.
• Doing so in combined effect with an understanding of the reasons and circumstances of the journal is oblige to give you a fairly good idea of –
• The format of all the publications published in the journal
• The desired writing style
• How to highlight your research to end up making them attractive to readers
• This will allow you to make the most effect of your research paper on others who read it as well as prove to publishers if you are someone who does your assignments and prepares well.
• In spin, by trying to impress them, you may contact time publish your research in their journal, which may result in you to become a common part of their journal.

Uploading Your Paper

• When getting ready your paper to satisfy the format , style and voice of journal in which you have selected to publish your research is to upload your finished paper.
• Once more, a strong and useful knowledge of the terms of service of the journal will make you realize how to upload or submit your paper, because you will know precisely-
• Where to upload or submit a paper
• When to submit
• The fees to be paid prior to actually submitting and
• Some other procedural requirements to be followed shall be submitted.
• This includes basic details such as ,
• Email address
• Most Scopus indexed journals involve regular online application procedure for authors and co-authors to upload work.
• Sending this data often includes filling in a type. In particular instance it is essential that you ensure all the data your enter is extremely accurate and up-to-date
• This essential because any false information may give rise to the dismissal or rejection of your issuance by the advisory committee of the journal.
• Having your research paper dismissed due to some minor false information in the specifics that you may have entered or a small error will imply that you will have to go through complete system over again leads to lots of expended time and resources.

Following the Acceptance from the Publisher

• Once your journal has been uploaded, all you need now is to pause for the publication review board to do this job which needs to take anywhere from about five to thirty days based on the particular of the research you have submitted and the number of delayed submissions to be verified.

• After the committee review may certain that your research study meets all their guidelines and is worthy of publication in their research paper, you will be notified that the review process is completed and that your paper has been selected for publishing in their journal writing services.

•If your paper is rejected, it is essential to shift on and not discard, but rather focus on where you ended up going wrong seek to improve yourself for another time approximately.

• This is an another example where reading and gaining a clear understanding of the concept and conditions of the journal needs to be considered. As doing so will make you realize in advance what the passing of copyrights to the journal in question say precisely.

Proof of Publishing Your Paper

• Once the review process and transmit of copyrights to the publisher have been successfully completed. All that is rendered for the media companies to start media companies to start publishing your paper in their journal or essay writing service .

• As shortly as they doing , you are likely to receive notification from publishers that your paper has been published along with other details, including-
• The problem in which it has been published
• If there had been any recent changed to it in the last moment, etc.
• Numerous journals even give a comment period in which writers can then choose to quality care to their papers. As well as to edit adjustments in scenario they have to be edited.

The above are the steps followed to publish your research paper in Scopus. Here we are doing the complete guidance for the research paper to publish in Scopus journal. Visit us @ PhDiZone

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Titles indexed in Scopus: Check before you publish

An updated version of this post is now available, with new lists and information to verify what is indexed in scopus. click this link to read the updated post..

Publication malpractice is an unfortunate occurrence in the world of scholarly literature. It happens in all subject areas and in all jurisdictions and few journals or books are immune. Here at Scopus , we have recently received notification of journals that purport to be indexed by Scopus but really are not. These journals have even gone as far as to forge letters from the Head of Scopus Content (signature and all)! And just because a journal may have a Scopus logo on their web site, this does not mean they’re indexed in Scopus.

As an author, if you would like to know if your published article will be included in Scopus, we urge you to take note of the following before submitting your work to a journal or conference.

Check the title list. Browse sources on Scopus.com  to check the title list, and evaluate the journal with CiteScore and other journal metrics freely available.

Search in Scopus . Use a Scopus search for the name of the journal or conference and check if any current content is available to see if the title is indeed indexed.

Ask! When in doubt, send an email to the Scopus Helpdesk and one of our Customer Service representatives can let you know if that title is indexed (or is going to be indexed).

Recently, we have received questions about the Scopus coverage of the following titles. NONE of these titles are currently covered by Scopus. These titles have either never been included in Scopus OR have recently been discontinued in Scopus.

British Journal of Education and Science (ISSN 0309-1114) - never in Scopus

Academic Journal of Cancer Research (ISSN 1995-8943 / 2221-3422) - discontinued   

Advances in Environmental Biology (ISSN 1995-0756 / 1998-1066) - discontinued 

Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences (ISSN 1995-0772 /1998-1090) - discontinued 

American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture (ISSN 1995-0748 / 1998-1074) - discontinued 

Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences (ISSN 1991-8178 / 309-8414) - discontinued 

Global Journal of Pharmacology (ISSN 1992-0075 / 2221-3449) - discontinued           

Global Veterinaria (ISSN 1992-6197 / 1999-8163) - discontinued            

Journal of Applied Sciences Research (ISSN 1816-157X / 1819-544X) - discontinued 

Life Science Journal (ISSN: 1097-8135 /2372-613X) - discontinued

Middle East Journal of Scientific Research (ISSN 1990-9233 / 1999-8147) - discontinued        

World Applied Sciences Journal (ISSN 1818-4952 / 1991-6426) - discontinued           

World Journal of Medical Sciences (ISSN 1817-3055 / 1990-4061) - discontinued             

The prevention of publication malpractice is the responsibility of every author, editor, reviewer, publisher and institution. It is also the responsibility of solution providers like Scopus. We hope that you will follow the above steps and also take the time to alert us about any fraud you may come across. For more information on publication ethics, please visit Elsevier’s information site on publication ethics .

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List of free publication journals indexed in Scopus, SCI

This web page aims to provide the latest list of free publication research journals. These journals are Web of Science and Scopus indexed. Moreover, all these scientific journals are open access . Researchers are advised to click on the journal title to know more journal details.

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Transparent price setting.

Elsevier publishes journal articles under two separate models to suit author preferences:

Subscription articles funded by payments for reading made by subscribing individuals or institutions

Open access articles funded by payments for publishing made by authors, their institution or funding bodies, commonly known as Article Publishing Charges (APCs)

We calculate pricing for each of these models separately. Subscription prices are set excluding open access articles; in other words, open access articles are not factored in when setting subscription prices. This fundamental principle is enshrined in our strict no double dipping policy (see below).

At Elsevier, we publish more articles and at higher quality relative to other major publishers, yet our average list price per subscription article remains lower (by 2-3 times) than that of others. Since 2010, the number of articles submitted to Elsevier journals grew by 11%, and the volume of subscription articles published increased by 5% (compound average growth rate 2010-2021). Our average list price per subscription article grew by just 0.2% over that time (2011-2021) across our entire portfolio of journals.

Journal article price

Average list price per subscription article Indexed weighted average of list prices for 2021 subscription year versus articles published in 2021 taking Elsevier as baseline (Source: Publisher websites, Scopus data)

Average list price per subscription article over time 5-year (2017-2021) and 10-year (2012-2021) compound annual growth rates (Source: Publisher websites, Scopus data)

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What do fees pay for.

The fees that authors pay help to support the extensive work that goes into the editorial review, peer review and publishing process that ensures research is reliable and helps to accelerate progress for society

Our 2,700 journals enhance the record of scientific knowledge by applying high standards of quality in everything they publish and ensuring trusted research can be accessed, shared and built upon by others. In 2021, we received 2.5 million research papers from authors. These were carefully reviewed by our 2,000-strong in-house editorial teams in collaboration with 29,000 editors and 1.4 million expert reviewers around the world, resulting in over 600,000 articles being enhanced, indexed, published and promoted following a peer review.

Can you be more transparent in what you charge?

We are constantly striving to be more transparent in all aspects of what Elsevier does, including pricing. We try to support requests for information within the bounds of financial reporting requirements and competition rules.

How are we transparent for authors?

We provide the price of publishing gold open access on each journal homepage and in 

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During the publication process, we automatically notify authors who are entitled to free or discounted gold open access because they are in a lower- or middle-income country — our APC waiver policy explains this process

How are we transparent for librarians?

We provide a range of information on our  website   opens in new tab/window about our pricing competitiveness; how our pricing corresponds to quality; and publishing model uptake across subscription and open access

We publicly announce significant agreements, including our open access pilots

We provide  a list of our journal subscription prices

We describe the process we follow to calculate list prices

We describe the process to ensure  we do not double dip

We also show the number of articles that are published gold open access, and the number which are financed through subscriptions, on each journal homepage, to allow librarians to validate this

Do you double dip, i.e., charge for the same article twice?

We do not ‘double dip’. We can be reimbursed for an article in two ways — through an Article Publishing Charge (APC) to publish the article and make it available to read by everyone, or a subscription fee to pay for reading the article. We either charge for publishing an article or reading an article but we never charge for the same article twice. We have a strict no double-dipping policy.

How do you help authors who cannot afford to pay to be published?

As part of our commitment to inclusion and diversity in science, we believe it is critical to support researchers from low and middle-income countries to publish gold open access, if they wish to do so. When publishing in fully open access journals, we fully waive all open access charges for authors from 69 countries ( Group A   opens in new tab/window ) and give a 50% discount for authors from 57 countries ( Group B   opens in new tab/window ).

We offer a choice of journals with open access publishing charges ranging from $150 to $9,900. We will also consider requests for accommodations on a case by case basis for authors who are required to publish open access but do not have the financial means to do so. We provide high-quality subscription publishing options in our journals, so authors always have a choice of how they publish.

If more authors are publishing gold open access, why don’t you reduce your subscription fees?

Subscription fees are based on a range of factors, including the volume of subscription articles, the quality of a journal, journal usage and market and competitive considerations. When calculating subscription prices, we only take into account subscription articles; the number of articles published gold open access has no bearing on the way we set subscription fees.

We publish more articles and at higher quality relative to other major publishers, yet our average list price per subscription article remains lower (by 2-3 times) than that of others. Since 2010, the number of articles submitted to Elsevier journals grew by 11%, and the volume of subscription articles published increased by 5% (compound average growth rate 2010-2021). Our average list price per subscription article grew by just 0.2% over that time (2011-2021) across our entire portfolio.

See here for more information on Elsevier article volumes, value and quality.

Article Publishing Charges (APCs)

Irrespective of the publishing model chosen by the author, our goal is to ensure articles are published as quickly as possible, subject to appropriate quality controls, and widely disseminated.

Where an author has chosen to publish open access, which typically involves the payment of an article publishing charge (APC) by the author, their institution or funding body, we make their article freely available immediately upon publication on ScienceDirect in perpetuity with the author’s chosen user license attached to it.

Elsevier’s APCs are set on a per journal basis, fees range between approximately $200 and $10,400 US Dollars, excluding tax, with prices clearly displayed on our  APC price list   opens in new tab/window  and on journal homepages.

Adjustments in Elsevier’s APCs are under regular review and are subject to change. We set APCs based on the following criteria which are applied to open access articles only:

Journal quality (as measured by journal quality Field Weighted Citation Impact Tier);

The journal’s editorial and technical processes;

Competitive considerations;

Market conditions;

Other revenue streams associated with the journal.

A small percentage of titles may support more than one APC, for example when a journal supports one or more article types that require different APCs.

We do not vary the APC prices for our proprietary journals based on the user license chosen by the author. However, we also publish journals on behalf of learned societies or other third parties that reserve the right to determine their own prices and pricing policies. Any deviations in pricing from Elsevier’s standard APC price list per journal will be clearly displayed on the journal’s homepage.

Download APC prices   opens in new tab/window

Fee waivers to support researchers

Our goal is to effectively bridge the digital research divide and ensure that publishing in open access journals is accessible for authors in developing countries.

We grant waivers in cases of genuine need, therefore we automatically apply APC waivers or discounts to those articles in gold open access journals for which all author groups are based in a country eligible for the  Research4Life program   opens in new tab/window . When publishing in fully open access journals, we fully waive all APCs for authors from 69 countries ( Group A   opens in new tab/window ) and give a 50% discount for authors from 57 countries ( Group B   opens in new tab/window ).

If an author group from a non-Research4Life country cannot afford the APC to publish an article in a gold open access journal and they can demonstrate they had no research funding, we will consider individual waiver requests on a case-by-case basis.

Our waiving policy does not apply to hybrid journals. Authors publishing in hybrid journals can publish under the subscription model at no cost and make use of the  Elsevier sharing policy .

For patients and caregivers , we will consider individual waiver requests on a case-by-case basis.

Open access agreements and funding body arrangements

Elsevier supports over 2,000 institutions globally to publish open access through transformative agreements .

We have established arrangements to help authors comply with the open access requirements of the major funding bodies and how they can be reimbursed for publication fees when publishing in Elsevier journals.

Reimbursement policy

To ensure Elsevier does not charge twice for the same article, we will fully refund an APC when alternative funding is provided for the open access article. For example, where an open access article is part of a Special Issue which is later made available in its entirety on an open access basis, such as through sponsorship by an organization, we will fully refund individual APCs paid by an author or on their behalf.

Elsevier will offer a credit for use against a future open access publication in the following circumstances:

A delay in delivering open access : When an article is not available open access on ScienceDirect by the time the issue in which the article is included is published in its final version, we will offer a credit for use against a future publication with Elsevier.

Incorrect licensing : When an article is made freely available on Science Direct in final published form but does not display the author’s chosen user license due to our error, we will offer a credit for use against a future publication with Elsevier.

No refund or credit will be offered in the following circumstances:

Article retraction or removal : Elsevier has provided publishing services. The later retraction or removal of the article is typically for reasons beyond our control, and does not detract from the publishing services provided, nor from our ongoing maintenance of the scientific record, e.g., corrections to the record.

Delays resulting from editorial decisions or author changes : These are a standard part of the publishing process.

License changes : Where an author requests a change to the user license they initially chose we will endeavor to respond to these within 5 working days.

Circumstances beyond our control : This may include, for example, where natural or other disasters prevent us from fulfilling our obligations.

Article unavailable on another platform : Elsevier’s responsibility is to ensure that the definitive published versions of articles we publish are available on ScienceDirect, or any successor platform, in ways that are accessible to all.  We provide APIs to enable third party platforms to manage this process themselves, for example to identify and pull gold open access articles or to update their platforms to reflect changes subsequently made to the article, such as author license choice changes, errata, and retractions. Elsevier is not responsible for ensuring third party repositories maintain accurate metadata and full-text.

Subscription prices

Elsevier publishes subscription articles whose publication is funded by payments that are made by subscribing individuals or institutions. Subscription prices are set independent of open access articles and open access articles are not included when calculating subscription prices. Subscription prices are calculated and adjusted based on the following criteria:

Article volume

Journal quality (as measured by journal quality Field Weighted Citation Impact Tier)

Journal usage

Editorial processes

Competitive considerations

Other revenue streams such as commercial contributions from advertising, reprints and supplements

These criteria are applied only to subscription articles, not to open access articles, when setting list prices. For specific information please see our  subscription price list for librarians and agents .

Purchasing options

Elsevier provides a range of purchasing options for subscription articles which are tailored for a wide variety of people. These include:

For libraries and institutions: 

There are a number of subscription options available which are tailored according to the specific customer situation and reflect a number of factors. For customers who purchase collections these considerations include competitive considerations, market conditions, the number of archival rights they purchase, and agreement specific factors like agreement length, currency and payment terms. Collection prices are adjusted on an annual basis, and any adjustment is based on factors including competitive considerations, market conditions, the number, quality, and usage of subscription articles published, and on technical features and platform capabilities. Open access articles are not included in these calculations. Please find more details on pricing .

Individuals:  Researchers who are not affiliated to an institution, or who would simply like convenient access to a title not available from their library, can take advantage of our personal access options. These options include credit card based transactional article sale and article rental.

Please find more information on our free and low-cost access programs .

No double dipping

Elsevier does not charge subscribers for open access articles; when calculating subscription prices, we only take into account subscription articles —  we do not double dip.

Concerns around double dipping are often premised on the expectation that open access articles are replacing the number of subscription articles being published and therefore that prices should be changing to correspond to this. See here for the latest  data on Elsevier article volume growth, value and quality   opens in new tab/window .

List prices for journals that publish both open access and subscription articles

Adjustments in individual journal subscription list prices will be based only on criteria applied to  subscription articles . Open access articles will not be considered in the individual journal list price. Similarly, the APC per journal will only be determined based on the criteria applied to  open access articles .

Collections

As with journal list prices, collection prices reflect subscription articles only; they are linked to the prices of individual titles in a collection, which do not count open access articles when setting prices.

Retrospective open access

To ensure we uphold our no double dipping policy and separate calculations regarding list prices from open access articles, we do not offer authors the option to make a subscription article gold open access retrospectively after publication as a general rule.

However, we appreciate that there are sometimes exceptional circumstances and we want to assist authors where possible. In such instances, authors can make a subscription article, published in a hybrid journal, gold open access up until 31 January of the following year. For example, if the article is published in March 2022, the author can make it open access up until the 31 January 2023. This cut-off date is necessary to accurately assess the open access uptake in each individual hybrid journal for the previous year which ensures we do not charge subscribers for open access content. Please contact us to request retrospective open access or for further details   opens in new tab/window .

Geographical Pricing for Open Access (GPOA) Pilot details

Elsevier is piloting a program from January 2024 to set APC prices for 143 gold open access journals according to the income level of the country of the corresponding author.

For these pilot journals we will waive the APC for corresponding authors who are based in low-income countries as classified by the World Bank as of July 2024. 

For articles whose corresponding authors are based in lower-middle-countries the geo-price will be 20 percent of the APC global list price. 

Corresponding authors based in upper-middle-income countries and where R&D intensity (domestic expenditure on R&D expressed as a percentage of GDP according to OECD) is below two percent are defined in three different groups based on GNI per capita and will see a different APC geo-price based on the GNI per capita of the country ranging from 45 percent to 90 percent of the APC list price.

GNI Per Capita

*Based on World Bank - 01 July 2024

Elsevier will use GNI per Capita ( Atlas Method)   opens in new tab/window as the key indicator for determining the APC pricing tier. This is a widely used economic indicator provided by the World Bank and has proved to be a useful, easily available and annually updated indicator that is closely correlated with other, nonmonetary measures of the quality of life. The  Atlas  method, with three-year average exchange rates adjusted for inflation, lessens the effect of exchange rate fluctuations and abrupt changes.

The GPOA pilot methodology calculates discounts on the list APC as a percentage of the list price differently for each group of countries. To do this, we use the middle point of each group as a reference. This middle point is determined by comparing it to the starting threshold set for high-income countries by the World Bank.

Elsevier may grant additional waivers to countries where full waiver policies are currently in place for specific reasons, or in cases where Elsevier is unable to receive payments due to trade sanctions ( read more ). The article publishing charge that applies is automatically calculated as part of the submission process and will take this into consideration.  If you have any further questions, please contact researcher support.

Country Groups

Based on the most recent GDP per capita available (up to 2023) and the World Bank Country Groups for FY 2025, valid from the 1st of July 2024

View the list of participating journals

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Home » How to Publish a Research Paper – Step by Step Guide

How to Publish a Research Paper – Step by Step Guide

Table of Contents

Publishing a research paper is an important step for researchers to disseminate their findings to a wider audience and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in their field. Whether you are a graduate student, a postdoctoral fellow, or an established researcher, publishing a paper requires careful planning, rigorous research, and clear writing. In this process, you will need to identify a research question , conduct a thorough literature review , design a methodology, analyze data, and draw conclusions. Additionally, you will need to consider the appropriate journals or conferences to submit your work to and adhere to their guidelines for formatting and submission. In this article, we will discuss some ways to publish your Research Paper.

How to Publish a Research Paper

To Publish a Research Paper follow the guide below:

• Conduct original research : Conduct thorough research on a specific topic or problem. Collect data, analyze it, and draw conclusions based on your findings.
• Write the paper : Write a detailed paper describing your research. It should include an abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion.
• Choose a suitable journal or conference : Look for a journal or conference that specializes in your research area. You can check their submission guidelines to ensure your paper meets their requirements.
• Prepare your submission: Follow the guidelines and prepare your submission, including the paper, abstract, cover letter, and any other required documents.
• Submit the paper: Submit your paper online through the journal or conference website. Make sure you meet the submission deadline.
• Peer-review process : Your paper will be reviewed by experts in the field who will provide feedback on the quality of your research, methodology, and conclusions.
• Revisions : Based on the feedback you receive, revise your paper and resubmit it.
• Acceptance : Once your paper is accepted, you will receive a notification from the journal or conference. You may need to make final revisions before the paper is published.
• Publication : Your paper will be published online or in print. You can also promote your work through social media or other channels to increase its visibility.

How to Choose Journal for Research Paper Publication

Here are some steps to follow to help you select an appropriate journal:

• Identify your research topic and audience : Your research topic and intended audience should guide your choice of journal. Identify the key journals in your field of research and read the scope and aim of the journal to determine if your paper is a good fit.
• Analyze the journal’s impact and reputation : Check the impact factor and ranking of the journal, as well as its acceptance rate and citation frequency. A high-impact journal can give your paper more visibility and credibility.
• Consider the journal’s publication policies : Look for the journal’s publication policies such as the word count limit, formatting requirements, open access options, and submission fees. Make sure that you can comply with the requirements and that the journal is in line with your publication goals.
• Look at recent publications : Review recent issues of the journal to evaluate whether your paper would fit in with the journal’s current content and style.
• Seek advice from colleagues and mentors: Ask for recommendations and suggestions from your colleagues and mentors in your field, especially those who have experience publishing in the same or similar journals.
• Be prepared to make changes : Be prepared to revise your paper according to the requirements and guidelines of the chosen journal. It is also important to be open to feedback from the editor and reviewers.

List of Journals for Research Paper Publications

There are thousands of academic journals covering various fields of research. Here are some of the most popular ones, categorized by field:

General/Multidisciplinary

• Nature: https://www.nature.com/
• Science: https://www.sciencemag.org/
• PLOS ONE: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/
• Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS): https://www.pnas.org/
• The Lancet: https://www.thelancet.com/
• JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association): https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama

Social Sciences/Humanities

• Journal of Personality and Social Psychology: https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/psp
• Journal of Consumer Research: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/journals/jcr
• Journal of Educational Psychology: https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/edu
• Journal of Applied Psychology: https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/apl
• Journal of Communication: https://academic.oup.com/joc
• American Journal of Political Science: https://ajps.org/
• Journal of International Business Studies: https://www.jibs.net/
• Journal of Marketing Research: https://www.ama.org/journal-of-marketing-research/

Natural Sciences

• Journal of Biological Chemistry: https://www.jbc.org/
• Cell: https://www.cell.com/
• Science Advances: https://advances.sciencemag.org/
• Chemical Reviews: https://pubs.acs.org/journal/chreay
• Angewandte Chemie: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15213765
• Physical Review Letters: https://journals.aps.org/prl/
• Journal of Geophysical Research: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/2156531X
• Journal of High Energy Physics: https://link.springer.com/journal/13130

Engineering/Technology

• IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5962385
• IEEE Transactions on Power Systems: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=59
• IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=42
• IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=87
• Journal of Engineering Mechanics: https://ascelibrary.org/journal/jenmdt
• Journal of Materials Science: https://www.springer.com/journal/10853
• Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/jcej
• Journal of Mechanical Design: https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/mechanicaldesign

Medical/Health Sciences

• New England Journal of Medicine: https://www.nejm.org/
• The BMJ (formerly British Medical Journal): https://www.bmj.com/
• Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA): https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama
• Annals of Internal Medicine: https://www.acpjournals.org/journal/aim
• American Journal of Epidemiology: https://academic.oup.com/aje
• Journal of Clinical Oncology: https://ascopubs.org/journal/jco
• Journal of Infectious Diseases: https://academic.oup.com/jid

List of Conferences for Research Paper Publications

There are many conferences that accept research papers for publication. The specific conferences you should consider will depend on your field of research. Here are some suggestions for conferences in a few different fields:

Computer Science and Information Technology:

• IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM): https://www.ieee-infocom.org/
• ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Data Communication: https://conferences.sigcomm.org/sigcomm/
• IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP): https://www.ieee-security.org/TC/SP/
• ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS): https://www.sigsac.org/ccs/
• ACM Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (CHI): https://chi2022.acm.org/

Engineering:

• IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA): https://www.ieee-icra.org/
• International Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (ICMAE): http://www.icmae.org/
• International Conference on Civil and Environmental Engineering (ICCEE): http://www.iccee.org/
• International Conference on Materials Science and Engineering (ICMSE): http://www.icmse.org/
• International Conference on Energy and Power Engineering (ICEPE): http://www.icepe.org/

Natural Sciences:

• American Chemical Society National Meeting & Exposition: https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/meetings/national-meeting.html
• American Physical Society March Meeting: https://www.aps.org/meetings/march/
• International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology (ICEST): http://www.icest.org/
• International Conference on Natural Science and Environment (ICNSE): http://www.icnse.org/
• International Conference on Life Science and Biological Engineering (LSBE): http://www.lsbe.org/

Social Sciences:

• Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association (ASA): https://www.asanet.org/annual-meeting-2022
• International Conference on Social Science and Humanities (ICSSH): http://www.icssh.org/
• International Conference on Psychology and Behavioral Sciences (ICPBS): http://www.icpbs.org/
• International Conference on Education and Social Science (ICESS): http://www.icess.org/
• International Conference on Management and Information Science (ICMIS): http://www.icmis.org/

How to Publish a Research Paper in Journal

Publishing a research paper in a journal is a crucial step in disseminating scientific knowledge and contributing to the field. Here are the general steps to follow:

• Choose a research topic : Select a topic of your interest and identify a research question or problem that you want to investigate. Conduct a literature review to identify the gaps in the existing knowledge that your research will address.
• Conduct research : Develop a research plan and methodology to collect data and conduct experiments. Collect and analyze data to draw conclusions that address the research question.
• Write a paper: Organize your findings into a well-structured paper with clear and concise language. Your paper should include an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. Use academic language and provide references for your sources.
• Choose a journal: Choose a journal that is relevant to your research topic and audience. Consider factors such as impact factor, acceptance rate, and the reputation of the journal.
• Follow journal guidelines : Review the submission guidelines and formatting requirements of the journal. Follow the guidelines carefully to ensure that your paper meets the journal’s requirements.
• Submit your paper : Submit your paper to the journal through the online submission system or by email. Include a cover letter that briefly explains the significance of your research and why it is suitable for the journal.
• Wait for reviews: Your paper will be reviewed by experts in the field. Be prepared to address their comments and make revisions to your paper.
• Revise and resubmit: Make revisions to your paper based on the reviewers’ comments and resubmit it to the journal. If your paper is accepted, congratulations! If not, consider revising and submitting it to another journal.
• Address reviewer comments : Reviewers may provide comments and suggestions for revisions to your paper. Address these comments carefully and thoughtfully to improve the quality of your paper.
• Submit the final version: Once your revisions are complete, submit the final version of your paper to the journal. Be sure to follow any additional formatting guidelines and requirements provided by the journal.
• Publication : If your paper is accepted, it will be published in the journal. Some journals provide online publication while others may publish a print version. Be sure to cite your published paper in future research and communicate your findings to the scientific community.

How to Publish a Research Paper for Students

Here are some steps you can follow to publish a research paper as an Under Graduate or a High School Student:

• Select a topic: Choose a topic that is relevant and interesting to you, and that you have a good understanding of.
• Conduct research : Gather information and data on your chosen topic through research, experiments, surveys, or other means.
• Write the paper : Start with an outline, then write the introduction, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion sections of the paper. Be sure to follow any guidelines provided by your instructor or the journal you plan to submit to.
• Edit and revise: Review your paper for errors in spelling, grammar, and punctuation. Ask a peer or mentor to review your paper and provide feedback for improvement.
• Choose a journal : Look for journals that publish papers in your field of study and that are appropriate for your level of research. Some popular journals for students include PLOS ONE, Nature, and Science.
• Submit the paper: Follow the submission guidelines for the journal you choose, which typically include a cover letter, abstract, and formatting requirements. Be prepared to wait several weeks to months for a response.
• Address feedback : If your paper is accepted with revisions, address the feedback from the reviewers and resubmit your paper. If your paper is rejected, review the feedback and consider revising and resubmitting to a different journal.

How to Publish a Research Paper for Free

Publishing a research paper for free can be challenging, but it is possible. Here are some steps you can take to publish your research paper for free:

• Choose a suitable open-access journal: Look for open-access journals that are relevant to your research area. Open-access journals allow readers to access your paper without charge, so your work will be more widely available.
• Check the journal’s reputation : Before submitting your paper, ensure that the journal is reputable by checking its impact factor, publication history, and editorial board.
• Follow the submission guidelines : Every journal has specific guidelines for submitting papers. Make sure to follow these guidelines carefully to increase the chances of acceptance.
• Submit your paper : Once you have completed your research paper, submit it to the journal following their submission guidelines.
• Wait for the review process: Your paper will undergo a peer-review process, where experts in your field will evaluate your work. Be patient during this process, as it can take several weeks or even months.
• Revise your paper : If your paper is rejected, don’t be discouraged. Revise your paper based on the feedback you receive from the reviewers and submit it to another open-access journal.
• Promote your research: Once your paper is published, promote it on social media and other online platforms. This will increase the visibility of your work and help it reach a wider audience.

Journals and Conferences for Free Research Paper publications

Here are the websites of the open-access journals and conferences mentioned:

Open-Access Journals:

• PLOS ONE – https://journals.plos.org/plosone/
• BMC Research Notes – https://bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com/
• Frontiers in… – https://www.frontiersin.org/
• Journal of Open Research Software – https://openresearchsoftware.metajnl.com/
• PeerJ – https://peerj.com/

Conferences:

• IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) – https://globecom2022.ieee-globecom.org/
• IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM) – https://infocom2022.ieee-infocom.org/
• IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM) – https://www.ieee-icdm.org/
• ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Data Communication (SIGCOMM) – https://conferences.sigcomm.org/sigcomm/
• ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS) – https://www.sigsac.org/ccs/CCS2022/

Importance of Research Paper Publication

Research paper publication is important for several reasons, both for individual researchers and for the scientific community as a whole. Here are some reasons why:

• Advancing scientific knowledge : Research papers provide a platform for researchers to present their findings and contribute to the body of knowledge in their field. These papers often contain novel ideas, experimental data, and analyses that can help to advance scientific understanding.
• Building a research career : Publishing research papers is an essential component of building a successful research career. Researchers are often evaluated based on the number and quality of their publications, and having a strong publication record can increase one’s chances of securing funding, tenure, or a promotion.
• Peer review and quality control: Publication in a peer-reviewed journal means that the research has been scrutinized by other experts in the field. This peer review process helps to ensure the quality and validity of the research findings.
• Recognition and visibility : Publishing a research paper can bring recognition and visibility to the researchers and their work. It can lead to invitations to speak at conferences, collaborations with other researchers, and media coverage.
• Impact on society : Research papers can have a significant impact on society by informing policy decisions, guiding clinical practice, and advancing technological innovation.

Advantages of Research Paper Publication

There are several advantages to publishing a research paper, including:

• Recognition: Publishing a research paper allows researchers to gain recognition for their work, both within their field and in the academic community as a whole. This can lead to new collaborations, invitations to conferences, and other opportunities to share their research with a wider audience.
• Career advancement : A strong publication record can be an important factor in career advancement, particularly in academia. Publishing research papers can help researchers secure funding, grants, and promotions.
• Dissemination of knowledge : Research papers are an important way to share new findings and ideas with the broader scientific community. By publishing their research, scientists can contribute to the collective body of knowledge in their field and help advance scientific understanding.
• Feedback and peer review : Publishing a research paper allows other experts in the field to provide feedback on the research, which can help improve the quality of the work and identify potential flaws or limitations. Peer review also helps ensure that research is accurate and reliable.
• Citation and impact : Published research papers can be cited by other researchers, which can help increase the impact and visibility of the research. High citation rates can also help establish a researcher’s reputation and credibility within their field.

About the author

Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

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How to publish a research paper in Scopus journals?

If you are looking for assistance in publishing a research paper in Scopus-indexed journals , then you are at the right place. In this blog post, we will guide you on how to publish a research paper in Scopus indexed journal easily with/ or without publication fees.

I am Dr. Sunny Sharma and I have published various research papers in Scopus-indexed journals without publication fees . This blog post will help you in publishing research papers in Scopus journals easily.

Researchers can also publish in Scopus journals in fast-track mode. There are various fast-publishing research journals that publish papers on a monthly basis.

First of all, I will guide how to write a good research paper . Then I will provide you with important publication tips along with a list of top (easily published) Scopus-indexed journals.

The outcomes of this blog post are:

• What are Scopus journals?
• How to find free Scopus-indexed journals?
• How to write a research paper?
• How to send a research paper to a research journal?
• How do publish a research paper in Scopus indexed journal for free?
• How to check Scopus journals?

Page Contents

Scopus indexed journals

Scopus is an abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature: scientific journals, books, and conference proceedings. Scopus  covers nearly 36,377 titles from various publishers.

Download the Scopus-indexed journals list 2023

Steps in publishing a research paper in Scopus indexed journal

• Choosing a research topic/ selecting a research problem.
• Identifying the best non-paid Journal that is Scopus Indexed.
• Writing Your Research Paper as per the Guidelines of the Journal.
• Submitting Your Paper.
• Waiting for the reviewers’ response.
• Publication of the research paper.

1) Choosing a research topic/ selecting a research problem

Selecting a research problem/ research topic is the first step in publishing a research paper. Researchers can target a few relevant journals for the literature review. The literature review helps researchers to identify a research problem.

A research problem is a specific issue, difficulty, contradiction, or gap in your area of research that you will aim to address through your research.

2) Identifying the best Journal that is Scopus Indexed

The next step is to identify the best Scopus-indexed journal for publication. This is one of the most important steps most researchers skip. Writing a research paper according to the target journal guideline increases paper acceptance chances.

How to select the best Scopus-indexed journal for publication?

There are various ways to select or choose free publishing Scopus-indexed journals. One can choose Scopus journals through visit the official website of Scopus and then finding journals based on the subject area selection from the left side.

Moreover, researchers can also use the PhDTalks journal finder tool to find Scopus journals instantly online. This online journal finder tool can also be used to find Web of Science- SCI journals , Open Access journals , and UGC CARE-approved journals .

Free (Non-Paid) Scopus Journals – 2023

After selecting a few research journals, researchers can read already published research papers in these journals. This will help researchers while writing their own manuscripts.

Moreover, researchers can download the targeted journals’ format and have to follow the guidelines of the journals.

3) Writing Your Research Paper as per the Guidelines of the Journal

Writing a research paper is an art. Researchers have to follow some basic points while writing. It is very easy to publish research papers in Scopus journals if you implement the basic points. The more clearly you write your paper, the more chances are for publication in Scopus-indexed journals.

Download Research Paper Format IEEE, Elsevier, Springer, all

Format of a research paper:

• Introduction
• Previous Research
• Problem Formulation
• Model or Methods and Results

We have already written the process of writing a research paper.

The link to the post is : How to write and  publish a research paper  for journal publication?

4) Submitting the research paper to the journal

The next step after the proofreading is the submission of the research paper to the Scopus-indexed journal. For this, perform the following steps:

• Visit the official website of the journal.
• Create an account and log in to the journal.
• Upload the research paper along with the other files.
• Complete all the required steps.
• Finally, the paper will be submitted to the journal and you will get a confirmation message in your email. Researchers can also track the status of their research papers.

The next step is waiting for the reviewers’ response.

5) Waiting for the reviewers’ response

After you have submitted your research paper to the editorial team. The research paper is further sent to two or more reviewers. The reviewers review the papers. Generally, the reviewers have given a time of around two weeks. The time period also varies from journal to journal.

More often, reviewers demand the author of the research paper to make changes and resubmit the manuscript to them.

6) Publication of research paper

If the reviewers are satisfied with the modifications they recommended, you will accept the acceptance letter from the journal and your research paper will publish in the Scopus-indexed journal in a short time.

Frequently asked questions

No doubt, It is not so easy to publish in non-predatory Scopus-indexed journals. However, focused research and journal guidelines make it possible to publish in Scopus journals easily and fast.

Researchers don’t require to pay APC to publish in Scopus. There are thousands of free Scopus indexed journals that publish research without publication fees. High-quality journals expect researchers to submit quality research.

Paper publication in Scopus-indexed journals takes time from 3 to 10 months. It varies from journal to journal. You can get the publication time details from the journal’s website. There are also fast publishing Scopus indexed journals: https://journalsearches.com/fast-journals.php

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Five Tips to Manage your Anger in Islam | Blog

Published: September 16, 2024 • Updated: September 16, 2024

بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيْمِ

In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

What is righteous anger?

Tip 1: Seek refuge with Allah from Satan

أعوذُ باللهِ مِنَ الشيطانِ الرجيم A'udhu billahi min ash-shaytan ir-rajim I seek refuge with Allah from the accursed Satan.

Tip 2: Know when to walk away

 tip 3: keep silent, tip no. 4: make  wudu, tip no. 5: remember the reward for controlling anger, a  du’a  to relieve anger.

اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي ذَنْبِي، وَأَذْهِبْ غَيْظَ قَلْبِي، وَأَعِذْنِي مِنْ مُضِلاتِ الْفِتَنِ مَا أَحْيَيْتَنَا .                 Allahumma-ghfir li dhanbii, wa adhhib ghayza qalbi, wa a'ithnii min mudillatil-fitn ma ahyaytana. O Allah, the Lord of Muhammad ﷺ, forgive my sins, remove the anger from my heart and protect me from the trials of misguidance as you long as you allow us to live.’” ( Musnad Ahmad,  no. 26576)

Disclaimer: The views, opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in these papers and articles are strictly those of the authors. Furthermore, Yaqeen does not endorse any of the personal views of the authors on any platform. Our team is diverse on all fronts, allowing for constant, enriching dialogue that helps us produce high-quality research.

Additional resources

Relationship between mental health and students’ academic performance through a literature review

• Open access
• Published: 17 September 2024
• Volume 4 , article number  119 , ( 2024 )

Cite this article

You have full access to this open access article

• Cynthia Lizeth Ramos-Monsivais 1 ,
• Sonia Rodríguez-Cano 2 ,
• Estefanía Lema-Moreira   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-2286-4902 3 &
• Vanesa Delgado-Benito 2  

Mindfulness has become increasingly popular to improve physical and mental health. Its implementation transcends boundaries of disciplines that study its impact. The aim of this study is to identify and analyze the benefits of mindfulness on mental health, academic performance, well-being, mindfulness and prosocial behavior of university students, as well as to identify the most effective way to achieve habituation to the practice. An analysis and systematic review of papers published in the Scopus database was conducted. It was found that publications on the implementation of mindfulness in higher education began in 2004. Their study has been developed in 22 countries, 15 are European, 3 Asians, 2 North American, one Latin American and one from Oceania. Spain is the only Spanish-speaking country. Academically, mindfulness stimulates creativity, exploratory thinking, critical thinking, attention regulation, increases concentration and improves the learning experience. In addition, immersive virtual reality experiences were found to positively influence habituation towards mindfulness practice among university students.

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• Artificial Intelligence

Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.

1 Introduction

In recent decades, mindfulness has gained popularity as a technique for reducing stress, anxiety, and depression. As well as increasing the well-being and quality of life of people who practice it [ 1 ]. Its origin is found in the Buddhist tradition, as a way to achieve clarity of thought [ 2 ]. Although this technique has been practiced in the East for more than 25 centuries, in the West its popularity is recent [ 3 ]. However, its application is expanding more and more in different disciplines [ 4 ].

Social-emotional learning has been introduced in education. It refers to the training of attention, through meditation techniques, such as mindfulness, the most recent update of the programs that seek emotional intelligence [ 5 ]. This type of education is also known as contemplative education, which seeks to enhance the learning experience through reflection and personal perception [ 6 ].

Dr. Jon Kabat-Zinn defines mindfulness as “awareness that develops by paying concrete, sustained, deliberate, and non-judgmental attention to the present moment” [ 7 , p. 13]. It facilitates maintaining mental calm and training attention [ 8 ]; in addition to increasing mental clarity and awareness [ 9 ].

In terms of operability, three qualities that people develop while practicing mindfulness and three qualities related to how the practice is carried out are recognized. The first are observation, description, and participation. While in the mode of practice, acceptance is required, in the present moment and in an effective manner [ 10 ].

Mindfulness can be practiced formally and informally. In formal practice, a specific time is set aside daily for guided meditations. Informal practice brings awareness to daily activities. That is, paying attention to sensations and perceptions while walking, driving, eating, cleaning, among other activities [ 7 ].

Mindfulness has been shown to improve physical and mental health. In terms of physical health, it favors the increase of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BNDF) [ 11 ]. While in mental health it reduces symptoms of anxiety [ 12 ], stress [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ] and depression [ 12 ]. It also facilitates coping with change and uncertainty [ 14 ] and increases well-being [ 17 ].

1.1 How might the efficacy of mindfulness be evaluated?

Blood tests can be used to measure the effectiveness of mindfulness. A reduction in the levels of cortisol, the stress hormone [ 13 ]; and of increased BNDF can be observed after two weeks of practice [ 11 ]. Increased blood BNDF levels are a potential mediator between meditation practice and brain health [ 13 ]. BNDF measured in the blood by plasma or saliva is called peripheral BNDF [ 18 ].

BNDF is a modulator that regulates neuron growth. It allows the creation of new dendrites which improves communication between neurons; in other words, it promotes greater neuronal plasticity in the central and peripheral nervous system [ 11 , 13 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Its main function is at the level of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, structures linked to learning and memory functions [ 13 ].

BNDF is produced in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Over time, its production tends to decrease. Its absence is related to psychiatric and neurological disorders such as emotional burnout, anxiety, depression and Alzheimer’s disease [ 13 ] However, some activities stimulate its production. Exercising, practicing yoga, undergoing controlled stress, traveling, acquiring new experiences, learning and mindfulness stimulate its production [ 13 , 20 ].

1.2 What are the reasons for integrating mindfulness into higher education?

The increase in mental health illnesses in college students has become a recognized concern [ 16 , 21 ]; which requires innovative interventions to address this reality [ 22 , 23 ]. In this sense, mindfulness emerges as a proposed solution [ 12 ], to prevent and reduce professional burnout [ 24 ]. Thus, there is growing interest in its applications in higher education [ 25 , 26 ].

In addition to the physical and mental health benefits, mindfulness practice promotes better academic performance [ 8 , 27 , 28 ]. Such as increased attention, learning and thinking [ 29 ]; and reduced pre-test anxiety [ 29 , 30 ].

Mindfulness practice also stimulates exploratory thinking [ 4 ], creative thinking [ 4 , 31 ], and critical thinking [ 2 ]. It increases spatial and sensory awareness [ 4 ], academic self-efficacy [ 32 , 33 ], productivity and task quality [ 8 ]; in addition to increasing the feeling of personal accomplishment [ 34 ].

On the other hand, it facilitates information retention [ 35 ], improves concentration [ 22 , 26 , 36 , 37 ], attention self-regulation skills [ 32 , 37 , 38 ] and allows for a perceived improvement in the overall learning experience [ 31 , 37 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. This is because it is essentially training the brain that facilitates focusing attention. A faculty that, for William James, father of American psychology, constituted the root of judgment, character and will [ 42 ].

1.3 Technological immersion in mindfulness

Studies show that technology is increasingly present in the field of mindfulness practice. Evidence of that is the introduction of video games such as the one developed at the University of Wisconsin called tenacity. This is to improve mindfulness through breathing exercises [ 5 ]. Mobile applications such as Headspace and Calm have also been developed to promote meditation techniques [ 43 , 44 ].

In addition to the above, immersive environments incorporating Virtual Reality (VR) have been developed to stimulate mindfulness practice. Home meditation studio, tripp and maloka are some of the applications that virtual reality allows mindfulness practice in totally immersive environments.

1.4 Virtual reality and mindfulness in education

VR makes it possible to experience alternative realities perceived atmospherically [ 45 ]. It is applied in disciplines and sciences such as medicine, engineering, mathematics, dentistry and education [ 46 ]. In education it is used to improve academic performance [ 29 ], and increase attention, creativity, flow state, and habituation to practice [ 47 ].

Pascual et al. [ 48 ] state that, despite there being few studies related to the evaluation of mindfulness interventions using VR, it is considered a more effective platform than standalone mobile meditation apps for encouraging daily practice. Along those lines, results from Miller et al. [ 49 ] study indicates that VR-guided meditation practice is associated with increased positive affect compared to non-VR meditation.

In the case study by Malighetti et al. [ 50 ] it was found that techniques for the development of emotional intelligence such as increased awareness, identification of emotional states, increased resilience and self-control implemented through VR allowed greater mental regulation in terms of eating habits in patients with binge eating disorders. In that order, students with greater emotional regulation have greater self-efficacy [ 51 ].

VR mindfulness promotes mental health [ 52 ]. Studies show that it can reduce insomnia and stress [ 53 ] and improve learning [ 46 ]. Coupled with the above, Kwon et al. [ 30 ] found that incorporating virtual environments through VR is feasible for managing anxiety stemming from academic exams.

Kaplan-Rakowski et al. [ 29 ] study showed that students who meditated with VR performed better academically than those who meditated using videos. While Yang et al.’s [ 47 ] research, immersive virtual reality experiences were found to affect traits associated with students' creativity such as flow state and attention. When students were assigned creative challenges or challenges, those who participated in immersive VR produced better quality products. They also maintained a more stable attention level than the control group.

VR can impact long-term learning. According to Mohring and Brendel [ 45 ] it use in the educational context needs to be reflected upon, because it triggers human perception with far-reaching consequences and people using it hardly question the alternative reality experience it offers. Nevertheless, it can contribute significantly to students’ training through the development of enhanced digital skills and increased mindfulness.

According to Mohring and Brendel [ 45 ] VR can trace the path towards mindfulness in different educational contexts: in teaching and in transforming the relationship between society and the environment. A view that coincides with Whewell et al. [ 54 ] who argue that these immersive experiences contribute to the development of enhanced digital skills, increased student engagement, cultural competence and global mindfulness in university students. VR can foster the conditions for students to become global change agents “within the spheres of entrepreneurship and education” [ 54 , p.1].

However, mindfulness benefits require continuous practice. According to the study by Pascual et al. [ 48 ], meditation sessions are associated with a decrease in anxiety. Therefore, identifying how to introduce and implement an effective program is of the utmost relevance for updating the current educational system.

In that sense, this research aims to identify programs that have been implemented to incorporate mindfulness into higher education. From its beginnings to the present, it analyzes the scientific literature to understand the evolution of its implementation. It identifies the countries where these programs are carried out, the universities that participate, the years they have been carried out and the types of documents published.

Mindfulness's documented benefits for mental health, academic performance, well-being, and students' awareness and prosocial behavior are discussed. Finally, technology, specifically virtual reality, is addressed as a medium that facilitates mindfulness practice stimulation and habituation.

Therefore, the following research questions were defined: 1. How many publications are published per year? 2. In what language are they published? 3. What kind of documents are published? 4. Which universities are involved in the research? 5. In which countries are mindfulness and higher education being studied? 6. What is the impact of mindfulness on higher education students' mental health? 7. What is the impact of mindfulness on higher education students' academic performance? 8. What is the impact of mindfulness on higher education students’ well-being? 9. What is the impact of mindfulness on higher education students’ conscientiousness and prosocial behaviour? 10. Is virtual reality the most effective medium for fostering mindfulness among higher education students?

An analysis of scientific publications in the scopus database, which could be accessed through an institutional account of the University of Burgos in Spain as part of a research stay, was carried out. The information search was conducted using English keywords. The keywords used to elaborate the search string were mindfulness, meditation, university students and higher education students. This search string yielded 70 publications as of July 19, 2024.

All Scopus database publication types were considered inclusion criteria: articles, book chapters, papers, reviews, books and short surveys. In English and Spanish. All articles whose information was not available, were not aimed at higher education students, or did not address any meditation technique were excluded.

An Excel document with the articles' information was extracted for analysis. One article was not available so 69 documents were considered. It was found that 11 publications did not actually mention meditation techniques and were excluded. Also, 5 publications not directed at higher education students were not considered. This resulted in 53 selected research papers. Figure  1 illustrates the situation.

Flow diagram

To answer questions 6, 7 and 8, a subsequent analysis was carried out to identify the measurement variables used by the authors. Measurement variables were identified in the selected documents. The variables were divided into four categories. Mental health, academic achievement, well-being, and prosocial awareness and attitude.

The mental health category includes 9 variables: reduction of stress, anxiety, depression, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization burnout and negative mood. Also increased mental health, calmness and positive mood. Of the 53 items, 4 address some mental health elements and 23 also include elements from other categories.

Academic achievement is made up of 16 variables: academic performance, clinical performance, exploratory thinking, critical thinking, creative thinking, productivity, task quality, academic speed, persistence, observation skills, attention regulation skills, information retention, academic self-efficacy and concentration. Additionally, the learning experience and divergent and convergent creative writing will be improved. Of the 53 items, 5 address elements relating to academic achievement and 19 also include elements from other categories.

The well-being category consists of 13 variables: increased life satisfaction, well-being, sense of belonging, emotional self-regulation, quality of life, self-compassion, physical activity, resilience, non-judgmental acceptance, perceived social support, and sense of accomplishment. Also included are better dietary decision making and improved sleep quality. Of the 53 items, 1 addresses well-being items and 20 include items from other categories.

In the category awareness and prosocial behavior, 14 variables were integrated: increased mindfulness skills, spatial awareness, sensory awareness, self-awareness, dispositional mindfulness, empathy, benevolence, prosocial behavior, collectivism, a sense of transcendence, universalalism, mental clarity, responsibility and improved interpersonal relationships. Of the 53 items, one addresses element unique to prosocial awareness and behavior and 21 also include elements from other categories.

To answer question 8, an additional search integrating technology and virtual reality was included. Although the object of this study is directed primarily at higher education students, research that analyses mindfulness incorporation at other educational levels was considered in this question.

The results of the research are presented in this section. We start with the general findings and then answer the research questions.

3.1 General findings

Although all the investigations analysed are directed at higher education students, 27 do not specify the discipline or the educational program in which the students are enrolled. However, it was found that the educational programs where mindfulness effectiveness is most frequently studied is in medicine and nursing with six investigations, engineering with four, and then anaesthesiology, arts and design, sciences, modern dance, law midwifery, writing, pharmacy, literature, music, social work and design pedagogy with one respectively.

Regarding the duration of the programs, of the 53 studies analysed, 31 do not specify the duration of the practice in weeks, days or sessions. However, in six investigations the programs lasted 8 weeks and in five investigations, 6 weeks. The longest program consisted of 12 weeks and the shortest 1 day. About the analysis of keywords, Fig.  2 shows the identified word networks.

Visualization of keyword networks based on a VOSviewer version 1.6.20 elaboration

In this analysis, it was found that of the 418 keywords used, 30 have at least a frequency of occurrence of 5. It is highlighted that the words with a higher frequency of occurrence and greater connectivity are mindfulness and meditation. Next, the research questions are answered.

How many papers are published each year about mindfulness and higher education students?

According to Table  1 , publications on mindfulness in higher education began in 2004. In 2014, these rates began to remain constant. In the United States, the first publication was produced by the doctor Daniel Holland, associated with universities in Pennsylvania, Arkansas, Illinois, and Washington. At the University of Pennsylvania, the first program for developing resilience in children was developed. Furthermore, in the late 1990s, doctors Martin Seligman and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, both affiliated with the same university, pioneered positive psychology [ 55 ].

As part of positive education, positive psychology was introduced to institutions. The concept of positive education succeeds the concept of emotional education. In addition to emotions, this approach incorporates other elements such as meditation in order to increase well-being [ 56 ].

What is the language in which mindfulness research is published? There are 53 documents in the collection, 50 of which are in English and three of which are in Spanish

Are there any published documents that discuss mindfulness and students in higher education? Publications were classified into five categories: articles, reviews, book chapters, presentations and books. As shown in Table  2 , each type of document has a different quantity.

There are several different types of documents published. Articles are the most frequently published. Review articles, presentations, book chapters, and books follow.

What are the publications of universities on mindfulness and higher education students?

A summary of the publications produced, the universities that participate in collaborations, and the most important findings are presented in this section according to the type of document, the language, and the year.

3.2 Spanish-language articles

There have been only three articles published in Spanish. These include one by the University of Almería in Spain in 2009, another by the University of Lisbon in Portugal in 2022 and another by the University of Granada in Spain in 2024. A study by Justo and Luque [ 57 ] demonstrated that mindfulness leads to a deepening of reflection and self-awareness, which in turn stimulates prosocial values like benevolence, collectivism, and the sense of universalism and transcendence. Sobral and Caetano [ 58 ] conducted a study in which individual and collective activities were incorporated into two courses, including mindfulness, using students' portfolios and teachers’ notes. On the other hand, in the study by García-Pérez et al. [ 23 ] mindfulness is considered as a starting point to guarantee mental health and improve the well-being of university students.

3.3 Articles in English

In 2014, two English-language publications were published. One by Nottingham Trent University in the United Kingdom and one by Duke University Medical Center in the United States. Greeson et al. [ 59 ] found that the Koru mindfulness training program improved sleep, improved mindfulness skills, increased self-compassion, and decreased stress among college students.

According to Van Gordon et al. [ 3 ], the Meditation, Awareness Training (MAT) program has been evaluated by college students. During the eighth weeks of training, the students demonstrated improved well-being and self-regulation skills in terms of thoughts, feelings, and behavior. A significant increase was also observed in dispositional mindfulness.

In 2015 only one paper was published by Newcastle University in Australia. In this study, after 7 weeks of practicing mindfulness, students showed an improvement in their well-being, sleep quality, increased concentration, mental clarity and a reduction in negative mood was observed [ 22 ].

In 2016, two articles were published, one by Chatham University in the United States, and another where two universities from two different countries participated, the National University of Ireland and Coleraine University in the United Kingdom. In the study by Noone et al. [ 2 ] it was found that dispositional mindfulness facilitates critical thinking. While in the research of Spadaro and Hunker [ 38 ] it was found that after 8 weeks of practicing mindfulness online, nursing students in the United States reduced anxiety and stress. They also increased mindfulness self-regulation skills.

There were three articles published in 2017. The first study was conducted by Ohio State University in the United States, the second by Ryerson University in Canada, and the third by the Department of Psychiatry at MoleMann Hospital for Mental Health in the Netherlands.

Using reflective writing and guided mindfulness meditations, Klatt [ 60 ] conducted research at Ohio University to increase awareness of students' life goals. According to Schwind et al. [ 37 ], mindfulness and loving-kindness meditation practice after eight weeks reduced anxiety, improved learning experience, increased sense of calm, concentration, and attention self-regulation skills among Canadian university students.

While in the research of Van D’Ijk et al. [ 61 ] it was found that after 8 weekly sessions of two hours daily using the mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program, students from the Netherlands reduced anxiety and negative emotional states. Improved mental health, life satisfaction and increased mindfulness skills were also observed. However, empathy was not increased.

In 2018, three articles were published. One by the University of Seville in Spain, one by the National University of Ireland and one where an international collaboration between 5 universities took place. The University of Southampton in the UK, the Helvetiapraxis Medical Centre in Switzerland, Kings College London in the UK, the Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts in Germany and the Poznan University of Medical Sciences in Poland.

Research conducted by Bernárdez et al. [ 9 ] revealed that software engineering students at the University of Seville in Spain improved their academic self-efficacy after 6 weeks of practicing mindfulness.

Lynch et al. [ 25 ] evaluated mindfulness-based coping with university life (MBCUL), an adaptation of the MBSR program. College students increased their mindfulness skills, decreased stress, anxiety, and depression after eight weeks. The study by Noone and Hogan [ 62 ] found that practicing mindfulness using the headspace mobile app for 6 weeks or 30 sessions increased dispositional mindfulness, but not critical thinking. Students at the National University of Ireland participated in this study.

There were three articles published in 2019. In the United Kingdom, Birmingham City University submitted the first study, in the United States, Lousville University submitted the second, and in Iceland, the University of Rhode Island submitted the third.

A study conducted by Dutt et al. [ 84 ] from the University of Birmingham has demonstrated that mindfulness reduces stress and helps to make better dietary decisions. The University of Rhode Island conducted a study in which Lemay et al. [ 63 ] found that after 6 weeks of practicing viyansa yoga, pharmacy students were able to increase their mindfulness skills and reduce their levels of stress and anxiety. Weingartner et al. [ 39 ] found that mindfulness and compassion training increased mindfulness skills, dispositional mindfulness, and empathy in medical students at Lousville University. As a result, interpersonal relationships, resilience, nonjudgmental acceptance, observational skills, and learning experiences were also improved.

In 2020, four papers were published. In the United States, there are four, one from the University of North Carolina, one from the University of Florida, one from Juiz de Fora in Brazil, and one from the Department of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences at the London School of Economics and Political Science.

At the University of North Carolina, a slow sensory experience linked to meditation techniques is introduced in the modern dance program to improve concentration [ 64 ]. According to the study by Bóo et al. [ 27 ], mindfulness increases academic performance, emotional self-regulation, and self-awareness in the UK. However, Damião et al. [ 65 ] found no significant increase in mindfulness skills of medical students at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Brazil, following a 6-week mindfulness training program. Stress, anxiety, or depression did not decrease. Quality of life and mental health also showed no change.

A study by Williams et al. [ 40 ] concluded that medical students at the University of Florida improved their mindfulness skills, perceived social support, empathy, and prosocial behavior after 11 weeks participating in the Promoting Resilience in Medicine (PRIMe) program, although they did not reduce stress. Behaviors characterized by empathy and prosociality. As a result, the general well-being and learning experience have also improved.

There were three articles published in 2021. First, the University of Manitoba in Canada, second, Bilkent University in Turkey, and third, Johns Hopkins University in the United States. Altay and Porter [ 4 ] found that mindfulness practice among design psychology students in Turkey increased non-judgmental acceptance, exploratory thinking, creative thinking, spatial awareness, sensory awareness, and empathy.

An evaluation of the effectiveness of the Headspace mobile application was conducted by Carullo et al. [ 33 ]. Over the course of four months, anesthesiology and medical students from the United States practiced mindfulness. Depression levels were reduced and personal accomplishments were increased. The level of emotional exhaustion nor the level of depersonalization burnout, however, did not improve. Based on research conducted by Litwiller et al. [ 21 ] among college students in Canada, mindfulness, meditation, Tai Chi, yoga, exercise, and animal therapy have been found to be effective in reducing stress, anxiety, depression, and negative mood.

The year 2022 saw the publication of nine papers. The first was completed by the Aix-Marseille University in France, the second by the Department of Anthropology at the University of Missouri in the United States, and the third by the University of Central Arkansas in the United States in collaboration with the University of Missouri. It was also submitted by the University of Illinois in the United States, Kirikkale University in Turkey, Arizona State University in the United States, the University of Seville in Spain, Brock University in Canada, and the University of Lisbon in Portugal.

Researchers in Turkey found that mindfulness practice increases life satisfaction among nursing students. According to Bernárdez et al. [ 8 ], mindfulness enhanced academic performance, productivity, task quality, and academic speed in Spanish students. Devillers-Réolon et al. [ 66 ] found that stress, anxiety, and depression were reduced in their research. The ability of French university students to regulate their attention did not improve, despite improvements in their well-being.

Researchers at Arizona State University found that mindfulness practice increased concentration, non-judgmental acceptance, and resilience among arts and design students. An opinion survey conducted by Klonoff-Cohen [ 67 ] revealed that college students in Illinois believe meditation and mindfulness exercises are effective coping mechanisms. The study by Sensiper [ 26 ] from the Anthropology Department concluded that after 10 weeks of structured in-class meditations, mindfulness exercises, contemporary text readings, and reflective writing, college students exhibited reduced anxiety, improved well-being, increased emotional self-regulation, concentration, and dispositional mindfulness.

As part of the research conducted by Sobral and Caetano [ 58 ], the University of Lisbon conducted a self-study on emotional education. Teachers evaluated the students’ portfolios in order to identify recurrent problems, and students evaluated mindfulness practices, collective and individual projects.

Strickland et al. [ 68 ] reported that mindfulness combined with a modified version of Dr. Robert Boice’s blocked writers program increased positive mood and resilience to stress and anxiety in students and teachers in higher education.

According to Woloshyn et al. [ 31 ], mindful writing stimulates creative thinking, increases empathy and prosocial behavior in higher education students and teachers in Canada. A positive emotional state can also be achieved through non-judgmental acceptance, increased self-awareness, self-compassion, and non-judgmental acceptance. In addition, it enhances well-being and the learning experience.

Six papers have been published in 2023. One by the University of Rome in Italy, one by Griffith University in Australia, another is the result of a collaboration between the University of South Carolina and Winthrop University both in the United States; and another due to collaboration between the Institute of Psychology of Lorand University in Hungary, the University of Vienna and the University of Artois in France.

One paper is the result of a collaboration between the University of the West of England in United Kingdom, and Dongguk University in South Korea. And another article was the result of a collaboration between University of Limoges, University of Montpellier and University of Paris Cité in France and University of Brussels in Belgium.

In the research by Fagioli et al. [ 32 ] University students in Italy practice mindfulness online for 28 days. An improved sense of belonging increased academic self-efficacy and self-regulation of attention skills were observed. In the study by García et al. [ 69 ], mindfulness was practiced for 1 week, 5 min daily. This exercise reduced anxiety, increased physical activity and improved sleep in United States students. Nagy et al. [ 70 ] found that mindfulness practice can increase persistence in those with a strong disposition toward a growth mindset or mindfulness.

In the research of Hagège et al. [ 71 ] it was found that the Meditation-Based Ethics of Responsibility (MBER) program had a positive impact on sense of responsibility and convergent and divergent creative writing tasks in undergraduate science students. In undergraduate music therapy students, it was found that eight weeks of practicing mindfulness can reduce stress and improve mindfulness and well-being [ 72 ]. While Pearson’s [ 73 ] looks for strategies on how mindfulness can be introduced into law education programs in Australia.

So far in 2024, three papers have been published. One by the Virginia Tech College of engineering. Another by the collaboration of Idaho State University and the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, in the United States. Another by Kaohsiung Medical University and Meiho University, both from Taiwan.

In the research of Giesler et al. [ 74 ] the Caring Action Leadership Mindfulness model is proposed to increase mental health and sense of belonging in undergraduate social work students. In the study by Liu et al. [ 75 ] it was found that practicing mindfulness for 50 min a week for 8 weeks reduced stress and increased mindfulness skills in nursing students. On the other hand, Martini et al. [ 76 ] found that although most engineering students after practicing mindfulness experienced a reduction in perceived stress, a sense of calm, increased energy, and greater concentration, other students who expressed feeling more tired and distressed after meditation practice.

3.4 Book chapters

Book chapters are rare. One by Queen Margaret University in 2015 and one by the University of Surrey in 2020, both UK universities. In the Oberski et al. [ 35 ] study, it was documented that mindfulness in college students allows for increased information retention and a positive emotional state. In Kilner-Johnson and Udofia’s [ 77 ] research, techniques for incorporating mindfulness in the humanities in higher education are proposed.

On the other hand, only one book was published by the University of Groningen in the Netherlands in 2021. This work addresses the benefits of incorporating mindfulness into higher education courses. It documents the results of the Munich model named mindfulness and meditation in the university context. It also includes practical exercises with instructions for implementation in educational institutions.

3.6 Conferences

Three conferences have been published from the United States. One in 2006 by the University of Arkansas, another by the University of Denver Colorado in 2021, and another by Northeastern University in 2023. Holland [ 6 ] presents a course developed and implemented in some universities in the United States through his personal experience, while Wu [ 41 ] states that sonic meditation for higher education students improves the learning experience. In the study by Grahame et al. [ 78 ] it was found that daily mindfulness practice enables engineering undergraduates to reduce stress.

3.7 Reviews

Six reviews have been published. One was in 2004 by Southeastern Illinois University in the United States. In 2017 there were 2 publications. One by the University of Portland in the United States and one by LaTrobe University in Australia. In 2019 the Medical Department of the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands also published a review. In 2021, a collaboration between three UK universities—Queens University, the University of Suffolk and the University of York was published. In 2024 another was published by Padjadjaran University in Indonesia.

Holland [ 79 ] outlines how mindfulness can be incorporated into higher education and the benefits this can bring for students with disabilities and promote health. McConville et al. [ 33 ] found that mindfulness reduces stress, anxiety, and depression. It also increases mindfulness skills, empathy, a positive emotional state, and academic self-efficacy. Stillwell et al. [ 80 ] found that both the MBSR program, yoga, breath work, meditation, and mindfulness in nursing students reduced stress.

Breedvelt et al. [ 81 ] evaluated the effectiveness of meditation, yoga, and mindfulness on symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in college students. They concluded that most publications regarding mindfulness have a high risk of bias, are of poor quality, and do not specify which technique provides the benefits. For it is unclear whether it is mindfulness, yoga or another meditation technique that is effective. McVeigh et al. [ 28 ] found that mindfulness practice in nursing students reduces stress, increases clinical academic performance and self-awareness. In the research of Yosep et al. [ 82 ] it was found that digital mindfulness through audios and videos is effective in improving the mental health of university students.

What are the countries where mindfulness and higher education students are most widely published?

Based on the description of the universities in question three, Fig.  3 illustrates the countries and locations where publications on mindfulness and higher education students have been published.

Geographical location of countries where mindfulness research has been conducted. Font: Own elaboration in the Mapchart application [ 83 ]

As can be seen, the United States leads in mindfulness research and higher education students. It is followed by the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and Spain. Spain is the only Spanish-speaking country on the list.

On the other hand, although the research is carried out in 22 countries, the collaboration networks include 14 countries. Figure  4 shows the collaboration networks detected.

Cross-country collaboration networks based on a VOSviewer version 1.6.20 elaboration

Figure  4 shows a collaborative network of 14 countries composed of four nodes. One is formed by Austria, Belgium, Canada, France and Hungary in red. In green by the United Kingdom, Turkey, South Korea and Ireland. In blue, Germany, Switzerland and Poland and in yellow, Australia and the Netherlands.

What are the benefits of mindfulness practice for higher education students’ mental health?

Mindfulness practice reduces stress [ 21 , 25 , 28 , 33 , 38 , 59 , 63 , 66 , 80 , 84 ] anxiety [ 21 , 25 , 26 , 33 , 37 , 38 , 61 , 63 , 66 , 69 ] and depression [ 21 , 25 , 33 , 34 , 66 ].

Mindfulness reduces negative mood [ 21 , 22 , 61 ]. As well as increasing positive mood [ 31 , 33 , 35 , 68 ]. In research by Bernárdez et al. [ 9 ], mindfulness was found to reduce emotional exhaustion and depersonalization burnout. While Van D’Ijk et al. [ 61 ], that it improves mental health. Schwind et al. [ 37 ] found that it increases the feeling of calm.

3.8 Stress reduction

In the case of Devillers-Réolon et al. [ 66 ] and Spadaro & Hunker [ 38 ] the mindfulness practice was conducted online and lasted for 17 days and 8 weeks respectively. Greeson et al. [ 59 ] study was also practiced online using the Koru program. Although the duration of this is not specified.

In Lynch et al. [ 25 ] research, the MBSR program was used for 8 weeks. While Stiwell et al. [ 80 ] the same program was used, although the duration of time is not specified. Of the five studies in which mindfulness is practiced traditionally through guided meditations, only one, that of Lemay et al. [ 63 ] indicates that the program lasted 6 weeks in 60-min sessions. The other investigations do not indicate weeks or practice sessions.

According to Yogeswaran and Morr [ 16 ] online mindfulness practice can be effective in addressing stress. However, at least for medical students, the evidence was not sufficient to prove its efficacy in decreasing symptoms of depression and anxiety. In contrast, the study by Ahmad et al. [ 12 ] found that, among university students in Toronto, Canada, internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Mindfulness Therapy interventions could reduce symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress after 8 weeks.

What are the benefits of mindfulness practice on higher education students’ academic performance?

Mindfulness increases clinical performance [ 28 ] and academic performance [ 8 , 27 , 28 ]. Stimulates exploratory thinking [ 4 ], creative thinking [ 4 , 31 ] and critical thinking [ 2 ].

It increases productivity, task quality and academic speed [ 8 ]. As well, it also increases academic self-efficacy [ 9 , 32 , 33 ], improves the learning experience [ 31 , 37 , 39 , 40 , 41 ], and improves observation skills [ 39 ].

Coupled with the above, it improves information retention [ 35 ], increases concentration [ 22 , 26 , 36 , 37 ], and attention self-regulation skills [ 32 , 37 , 38 ]. Another finding in relation to academic performance is that mindfulness can increase persistence in people with a strong disposition toward mindfulness or a growth mindset [ 70 ].

3.9 What benefits does mindfulness practice have on higher education students?

Mindfulness practice increased perceived social support [ 31 , 40 ], improves well-being [ 3 , 22 , 26 , 31 , 40 , 66 ] and improve dietary decision-making [ 84 ]. It also increases sense of belonging [ 32 ], life satisfaction [ 61 , 85 ], physical activity [ 69 ]; and improves sleep quality [ 22 , 59 , 69 ]. Damião´s et al. [ 65 ] research showed no improvements in quality of life after the intervention.

Mindfulness allows increasing self-compassion [ 31 , 59 ], sense of personal achievement [ 34 ], self-regulation of thoughts, feelings and behaviors [ 3 , 26 , 27 ]. It stimulates the development of resilience for stress and anxiety management [ 36 , 39 , 68 ]; and it helps to manage the judgmental voice. That is, it facilitates non-judgmental acceptance [ 4 , 31 , 36 , 39 ].

What are the benefits of mindfulness practice on mindfulness and prosocial behavior in higher education students?

Mindfulness allows for increases in self-awareness [ 27 , 28 , 31 ], sensory and spatial awareness [ 4 ], mindfulness skills [ 25 , 33 , 39 , 40 , 59 , 61 , 63 ] and disposition toward mindfulness [ 3 , 26 , 39 , 68 ].

It also stimulates prosocial behavior [ 40 ], collectivism [ 31 , 57 ]. It increases empathy [ 4 , 31 , 33 , 39 , 40 ] and benevolence [ 57 ]. It improves interpersonal relationships [ 31 , 39 , 40 ], clarity of thought [ 22 ]; and increases the sense of universalism and transcendence [ 57 ].

Is virtual reality the most effective way to promote mindfulness among higher education students?

Virtual reality could facilitate mindfulness habituation. In the study by Navarrete et al. [ 86 ] conducted with university medical students in Valencia, Spain, it was found that those who participated in the virtual reality program meditated twice as long as those who only practiced through regular guided meditation. Along these lines, Pascual et al. [ 48 ] found that health professionals who practiced meditation completed more sessions than those who did not use VR.

Likewise, in the study by Modrego-Alarcón et al. [ 15 ] and Miller et al. [ 49 ] it was found that VR students acquired greater immersion and mindfulness practice. Therefore, immersive virtual reality environments favor habituation toward mindfulness practice.

4 Discussion

The benefits of mindfulness in higher education students at the psychoemotional level have been widely documented [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 87 ]. One of the most frequently highlighted benefits of mindfulness in higher education students is the positive effect on self-esteem, as evidenced by the findings of several studies [ 88 , 89 ]. Additionally, mindfulness has been shown to reduce stress levels [ 25 , 33 , 39 , 40 , 59 , 61 , 63 , 90 ]. These types of benefits have also been observed in other demographic groups. For example, a study conducted by Chandna et al. [ 91 ] with an adult population demonstrated that mindfulness practice was associated with significant improvements in self-esteem and self-efficacy.

As previously stated, mindfulness practice has been identified as a potential solution to the emotional difficulties experienced by higher education students in the current context [ 12 ]. The positive effects of mindfulness on students’ psychoemotional well-being have been demonstrated in numerous studies [ 66 , 67 , 85 ]. It can thus be inferred that these benefits will also affect other areas of students’ lives, reducing their difficulties both psychoemotionally and academically, for example.

In terms of academic performance, the findings of Bóo et al. [ 27 ], Bernárdez et al. [ 8 ] and McVeigh et al. [ 28 ] are worthy of note. This is not exclusive to students in higher education. A study by Artika et al. [ 92 ] with a sample of 469 secondary school students indicates that mindfulness is a significant predictor of student participation in the school context, with an associated increase in participation through improved self-esteem. In contrast, Cordeiro et al. [ 93 ] conducted an experimental study with a control group of third-grade students and found that mindfulness significantly enhanced cognitive flexibility and handwriting fluency.

Prosocial behaviour has been identified as another key area of interest by a number of studies [ 4 , 22 , 31 , 33 , 39 , 40 , 57 ]. A study by Akhavan et al. [ 90 ] demonstrates the efficacy of mindfulness practice in a sample of teachers, including enhanced relationships with students and reduced stress.

With regard to the manner in which these mindfulness programmes can be supported, the utilisation of VR has been found to confer considerable benefits [ 15 , 48 , 49 , 86 ]. This is primarily attributable to the degree of adherence to the programme. In their seminal work, Friedlander et al. [ 94 ] introduced the concept of the ‘therapeutic alliance’ to describe this phenomenon of patient adherence in a therapeutic context. They posited that it represents a crucial factor in the efficacy of any therapeutic intervention. In this case, although it is an educational context, the effects of such adherence are similar; therefore, it is worthwhile to explore the potential of the VR format as a key factor for the success of mindfulness.

5 Conclusions

In response to the research questions initially posed, it can be stated that they have been addressed, resulting in comprehensive data pertaining to the volume, language and year of publication of the various research projects. It is notable that there has been a significant increase in publications over the past four years, as well as the prevalence of the article format. As is to be expected, the majority of publications have been in English. It is also evident that universities in countries with an Anglo-Saxon tradition have published the most research on this topic, with the USA being the country with the highest volume of studies.

In answer to questions 6, 7, 8 and 9, it might be stated that mindfulness practice has been shown to promote mental health, academic performance, awareness, prosocial behaviour and well-being in student populations. Mindfulness practice might promote mental health, and well-being in the student population. The positive impact of this practice is not limited to how it is performed. That is, whether it is through traditional guided meditations, mobile applications, videos, online exercises or virtual reality.

However, according to the available literature, habituation is easier to acquire. Therefore, additional benefits can be obtained by increasing the number of sessions completed or minutes of practice. In answer to question 10, in studies where VR was effective for mindfulness practice, students practiced longer than those in the control group. Therefore, VR could be a more effective way to introduce contemplative science by introducing meditation techniques in higher education.

The objective has been fulfilled by analysing the benefits of mindfulness on mental health, academic performance, well-being, mindfulness and prosocial behaviour of university students, as well as identifying the most effective way to achieve habituation to the practice. It is also noteworthy that these benefits are highly relevant, and it would be beneficial to introduce mindfulness practice in the context of higher education.

6 Limitation and implication

One of the issues highlighted is the lack of comprehensive data that would allow for a more thorough comparison. For example, aspects such as the geographical location of the study subjects or the duration of the mindfulness programme applied mean that there are a large number of studies whose effectiveness is not entirely clear. At the same time, this is a topic that is becoming increasingly relevant, but there is still no consensus among researchers.

With regard to prospective implications, it is evident that the implementation of mindfulness in educational settings offers substantial advantages. Consequently, higher education institutions should facilitate the availability of structured mindfulness programmes for students. Undoubtedly, this would prove to be a valuable addition to their psycho-emotional and academic development.

Data availability

The author confirms that all data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.

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Cynthia Lizeth Ramos-Monsivais

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C.L.R.M., S.M.C. and E. L. M have designed the study. C.L.R.M. and S.M.C. carried out the methodology and results sections. V. D. B. and C.L.R.M have written the Introduction C.L.R.M. and E.L.M. have written the Discussion, Conclusions and Limitations. All authors wrote and reviewed the manuscript.

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Ramos-Monsivais, C.L., Rodríguez-Cano, S., Lema-Moreira, E. et al. Relationship between mental health and students’ academic performance through a literature review. Discov Psychol 4 , 119 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44202-024-00240-4

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Received : 04 April 2024

Accepted : 09 September 2024

Published : 17 September 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s44202-024-00240-4

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• Academic performance
• Mindfulness
• University students
• Virtual reality

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