duke university philosophy phd

G-PHIL-PHD - Philosophy - PhD

Download as pdf, degree designation.

Our doctoral program offers considerable flexiblity; individual programs of study are developed for each student. Students may also take advantage of cooperative program to work in the Philosophy Department at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Students may, after taking a balanced program, specialize in any of the following fields: the history of philosophy (from ancient to twentieth century analytic), epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, the philosophical foundations of cognitive science, moral psychology, normative ethics, metaethics, political philosophy, Chinese philosophy, philosophy of science, philosophy of biology, philosophy of social science, philosophy of law, philosophy of mathematics, and philosophical logic.

Individual programs of study are developed for each student. Prior to being admitted to candidacy for the PhD, the student must successfully complete fifteen courses distributed among five subject areas and pass an exam on a future research statement as well as a preliminary examination on the dissertation proposal. In satisfying these requirements, students are expected to demonstrate both factual knowledge and critical understanding. Work in a minor or related field, not necessarily confined to any one department, is encouraged but not required.

If a student’s dissertation is devoted to any considerable extent to an author, that student must be able to read the author’s works in the original language/s. Reading knowledge is demonstrated by either (1) receiving at least a grade of B in French 2, German 2, Greek 2, Latin 2, or other language course that the director of graduate studies has approved in advance, or (2) passing a departmentally administered translation exam.

The JD/PhD is offered by the department in cooperation with the Duke Law School. JD/PhD students must apply for admission to both the Duke Law School and The Graduate School. Students must combine relevant coursework in philosophy with full-time work toward a law degree.

A terminal degree of master of arts may be earned by a PhD student who decides not to continue with doctoral studies and who meets the requirements of The Graduate School for the MA. Such a student must pass an oral master’s examination, which may be the defense of a master’s thesis or an alternative academic exercise approved by the department.

For more information, visit philosophy.duke.edu . To inquire about the JD/PhD program, applicants should contact the Duke Law School directly.

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2024-2025 Graduate School Bulletin. Download PDF here.

Ph.D. in Classical Studies

General info.

• Faculty working with students: 12 primary, 4 affiliated
• Students: 16
• Students receiving Financial Aid: 100%
• Part time study available: No
• Application Terms: Fall
• Application Deadline: December 19

Joshua Sosin Director of Graduate Studies Department of Classical Studies Duke University Box 90103 Durham, NC 27708-0103

Phone: (919) 681-4292

Email:  [email protected]

Website:  http://classicalstudies.duke.edu/graduate

Program Description

The department sponsors work across many aspects of the study of the ancient Mediterranean, including Greek and Latin literature,  history, philosophy, art, and archeology. Successful applicants to the Ph.D. track in Literature or in History must have at least three years of one ancient language (Greek and Latin), and at least two of the other; successful applicants to the Ph.D. track in Archaeology must have at least three years of one ancient language (Latin or Greek). We have a strong, balanced program in literary, historical, cultural, and archaeological studies, including special expertise in documentary studies-- papyrology, palaeography, and epigraphy. Our department is an integral part of both Duke's Center for Late Ancient Studies and Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies. Resources for Classical Studies include large collections of ancient Greek papyri and medieval Greek and Latin manuscripts, the Rostovtzeff-Welles library, and the Duke Immersive Environment and other virtual reality labs, and the Classical Collection of Greek and Roman Art in the Nasher Museum of Art. We participate in the programs of the American Academy in Rome and the American School in Athens; many students spend a year or a summer at one or the other. Students in our program are able, through course work, directed research, and their own teaching, to prepare for careers within the academy as broadly trained classical scholars and also to prepare for equally valued careers outside the academy through Duke’s robust programming for humanities Ph.Ds and through departmental programming and alumni networks.

• Classical Studies: PhD Admissions and Enrollment Statistics
• Classical Studies: PhD Completion Rate Statistics
• Classical Studies: PhD Time to Degree Statistics
• Classical Studies: PhD Career Outcomes Statistics

Application Information

Application Terms Available:  Fall

Application Deadline:  December 19

Graduate School Application Requirements See the Application Instructions page for important details about each Graduate School requirement.

• Transcripts: Unofficial transcripts required with application submission; official transcripts required upon admission
• Letters of Recommendation: 3 Required
• Statement of Purpose: Required
• Résumé: Required
• GRE Scores: GRE General (Optional)
• English Language Exam: TOEFL, IELTS, or Duolingo English Test required* for applicants whose first language is not English *test waiver may apply for some applicants
• GPA: Undergraduate GPA calculated on 4.0 scale required

Department-Specific Application Requirements (submitted through online application)

Statement of Purpose Guidelines The Statement of Purpose is a fundamentally different genre than the kind of Personal Statement you wrote in applications for undergraduate programs. Successful Statements of Purpose for our program give the committee a snapshot of you as a scholar. This means describing (1) your intellectual interests, (2) the preparation behind those interests, and (3) potential future pursuits (although these need not be highly specific). The statement as a whole implicitly answers the following questions. What intersecting interests or questions about Classical Antiquity are motivating you to pursue a graduate degree in Classical Studies? What coursework, research, and work/opportunities outside of class have helped shape these questions? In what areas are you looking to grow in graduate school? And why are we, at Duke Classical Studies, a good place for you to achieve these goals?

The best Statements of Purpose are highly individual. This means you don’t want to say something that anyone could say, but rather keep the focus on you and your candidacy. It can help to include specific information, e.g., about research papers you have written of which you are proud, theories or methodologies or approaches or even a single secondary source that really grabbed your attention, programs you have attended, special skills you have acquired (inside or outside of your previous coursework), or aspects of your resume that you wish to explain which have special bearing on your future studies with us. You might also comment on anything you wish to explain about your profile.

Note that you need not outline for us a completely formed future research agenda; in fact, we prefer students open to exploring the wide breadth of what we study here. Rather, your statement tells us about what most sparks your interest in the ancient world (and you can have many sparks!) and about the intellectual trajectory that led you to approach those interests. We hope, of course, that answering those questions will help us see why you are interested in pursuing your education in Duke Classical Studies and what sort of research you will be interested in pursuing with us; if you know the names of specific faculty you would like to work with, feel free to name them, but more important for us is that you took the time to get to know our program as outlined on our website and that your wider intellectual snapshot speaks to why we would be a good intellectual home for you.

Note: applicants must also include directly in the first paragraph of your Statement of Purpose to which of our two tracks you are applying: Archaeology or Literature/History.

Greek and Latin Works Read A list of the Greek and Latin authors/texts you have read in the original languages.

Writing Sample A writing sample (20-25 pages) is required. Successful writing samples showcase research and analysis of primary sources within a subfield field of Classical Studies or within a related discipline.

These two documents can be uploaded as one file directly with your online application in the Departmental Requirements section. 

We strongly encourage you to review additional department-specific application guidance from the program to which you are applying: Departmental Application Guidance

List of Graduate School Programs and Degrees

• Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)

The Divinity School offers the  Doctor of Theology (Th.D.) program , which provides students with academically rigorous training that is comparable to the demands of the Ph.D.

Qualified applicants who desire to pursue studies leading to the  Ph.D. in religion , under the administration of the  Graduate School , are advised to apply to the  Duke Graduate Program in Religion .

Inquiries concerning fellowships or specific requirements of the Graduate Program in Religion may be addressed to:

Director, Graduate Program in Religion Duke University 209 Gray Bldg. Box 90964 Durham, NC 27708-0964 (919) 660-3512

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• How to Apply and FAQ

Graduate Program Admission

Applications for admission are welcomed from candidates for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy as well as for the two-year Master of Arts (MA) degree.

Applicants are considered without regard to race, color, religion, national origin, political affiliation, sex, age, or physical handicaps. Competition for admission is very strong and admissions decisions are made by a committee of the Department, in consultation with the Graduate School, on merit and promise and with a view to diversity of interests and backgrounds.

"Can you tell me what GRE score I would need to be competitive for the graduate program?" There is no specific minimum GRE or GPA requirement. GRE scores and GPAs are considered alongside several other factors during the application review process. See the Duke Graduate School Admission Statistics section webpage  for the average GRE scores and GPAs of previously admitted applicants.

Application Process

Deadlines are for receipt of application and supporting documents that includes transcripts, letters of recommendation, GRE scores, English language scores, and writing sample. Incomplete applications will not be considered until all supporting documents are received. Late applications will not be processed until all on-time applications have been handled.

PhD Applicants – We only offer a fall start for the PhD program, with a target class size of 8-12 students. Applications must be submitted online NO LATER than December 18 of the calendar year prior to admission.

MA Applicants – Students have the opportunity to start the MA program in the fall or the spring. The fall class target size is 7-10 students, and the spring class target size is 2-3 students. Applications for fall admission must be submitted online NO LATER than February 17 of the calendar year of admission. Applications for spring admission must be submitted online NO LATER than October 1 of the calendar year prior to admission.

Submission Requirements

• Duke does not accept applications for transfer into the PhD or MA programs from other programs.
• Applicants must offer verbal, quantitative and writing aptitude scores on the GRE.
• Ordinarily, applicants will have earned the BA or BS degree with at least 12 undergraduate semester hours in political science.
• Three letters of recommendation and an undergraduate transcript are required.
• English language proficiency test scores (if English is not your first language)
• A writing sample of 10-20 pages is requested.
• Application fee is $95.

To complete your online application, go to Duke Graduate School Application Instructions .

"Who should write letters of recommendation for my application?" If you are a current undergraduate, your letters of recommendation should come from faculty members, especially political science faculty. If you are not a current undergraduate, not only do we want letters of recommendation from faculty who know you, we also want a letter from your current employer, if applicable.

Writing Samples

While the Graduate School does not require a writing sample, the Political Science Department finds them very helpful. The submission of a writing sample is required for all Ph.D. and master’s program applicants. This is generally a seminar paper written for a political science class or an article you have written/co-written and/or published/co-published.

Writing samples should be limited to fewer than 12,000 words.  Works Cited and appendices do not count towards this limit.  Samples should be uploaded to the Departmental Requirements section of the application.  

English Language Proficiency Tests

The Duke Graduate School requires that any applicant whose native language is not English submit scores from either the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) or the academic modules of International English Language Testing System (IELTS).  In response to the temporary closings of testing centers in countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, The Graduate School will also accept Duolingo English Test examination results for the 2020-2021 application cycle as an alternative to TOEFL and IELTS examinations. Only Duolingo English Test scores with subscores will be accepted. If you took the test prior to July 15, 2019, you will need to retake the test to comply with the subscores requirement.

To be eligible for a TOEFL/IELTS/Duolingo English Test waiver, you must have studied full-time for two years or more at a college or university where the sole language of instruction is English and in a country where English is the primary spoken language. The two years of study must be completed prior to the start of the program.

For more information see English Language Proficiency Test Scores .

"What are my chances of being accepted?" We typically receive more than 350 applications to our PhD program but can only matriculate 12-15 students a year which means we must regretfully refuse admission to a large number of otherwise qualified applicants. No one factor determines whether an applicant is admitted or not. It is our practice to review all of the information included in admissions files before reaching a final decision.

Important Things to Know

DEADLINES – Applications deadlines for 2025

• PhD applicants – Due Wednesday, December 18, 2024  
• MA applicants – Due Monday, February 17, 2025
• MA (spring start) – Due Tuesday, October 1, 2024

ORIENTATION – Our orientation begins in mid-August, two weeks before classes begin. It is mandatory for all new students to attend the Orientation Session.

SUBFIELDS – On the application, after entering Political Science as the “Proposed Department,” you will be offered a menu of subfields in the "Special Field" area. There are six subfields within political science:

• Normative Political Theory & Philosophy
• Political Behavior and Identities
• Political Institutions
• Political Economy
• Political Methodology
• Security, Peace & Conflict

On your application, please enter the subfield that best describes your area of interest.

RECOMMENDATION LETTERS – Please note:

• If you are a current undergraduate, your letters of recommendation should come from faculty members, especially political science faculty.
• If you are not a current undergraduate, not only do we want letters of recommendation from faculty who know you, we also want a letter from your current employer, if applicable.

GPA/GRE – Performing well on the GRE is important for a competitive application. We do not have minimum thresholds for the GRE scores.

The code number for Duke University Graduate School is 5156 . Because you are applying for admission to the Graduate School at Duke University, you do not need a department code.

QUALIFICATIONS – No one factor determines whether an applicant is admitted or not. It is our practice to review all of the information included in admissions files before reaching a final decision.

• Our Admissions Committee screens each application for several factors:
• Does the applicant's academic background indicate the applicant's ability to successfully complete the PhD degree? (type/number/grade of courses taken as undergraduate, and where applicable, as master's student)
• Does the applicant's statement of purpose indicate the applicant's ability and desire to successfully complete the PhD degree? (background/field of interest/goals and/or ideas/theories/literature)
• Do the applicant's letters of recommendation indicate that the applicant has an outstanding aptitude, knowledge and record of performance?
• Is the applicant's writing sample of the highest quality?
• Is there a faculty match?
• Do the applicant's test scores indicate strong analytical, quantitative and writing abilities?
• If the primary language of the applicant is not English, does the applicant demonstrate sufficient English language proficiency?
• Our Admissions Committee also looks at the needs of the Department (e.g. how many students in a given subfield is desirable) and ranks the applicants accordingly.

For more information about Duke’s graduate studies policies, procedures, and requirements or FAQs about admission, go to the Duke Graduate School website .

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The Department of Population Health Sciences develops critically-thinking, creative, and collaborative research scientists that are passionate about improving healthcare for all. The doctoral program equips students with the knowledge and tools they will need to research and work alongside health systems, government agencies, non-profits, industry, and others pursuing improved health of populations.

Admission Deadlines

Application Deadline : The application for 2023-2024 admissions  to the Population Health Sciences PhD program has opened, and will close on November 30, 2023.

Successful applicants will find a close fit with a departmental  faculty  advisor who shares their research interests. The DPHS Education leadership team identifies potential matches early in the admissions process, so those offered admission to the program can be assured of a strong match with a faculty advisor. 

Also, please note that the  online degree application requires you to identify potential mentors from our department. You will have an opportunity to contact these potential mentors after you hear whether you have been accepted to the doctoral degree program.  

Some guidance on how to identify those faculty members. 

• What excites you in your research field? 
• What is a productive area that fits your values and your career plans? 
• Who is engaged in research that is complementary to your interests?

About the PhD in Population Health Sciences

The Duke PopHealth PhD program prepares researchers to formulate important research questions, design studies to answer them, organize resources to carry out relevant studies, and analyze the results to contribute scientific and policy insights. Our coursework, experiential learning, and professional development help prepare PhD students to be leaders in the population health field.

Our faculty are world-renowned for their expertise and strengths in the following areas:

• Health Measurement. Learn more
• Implementation Science. Learn more
• Health Policy
• Health Services Research
• Health Economics

Why Choose Duke for a PhD in Population Health Sciences?

The department, which is part of the Duke University School of Medicine, offers Ph.D. candidates a unique and rich setting in which to acquire that foundation and then use it to complete their studies and dissertation research. Ph.D. students can:

Access Duke's  PopHealth DataShare , which provides access and consultation to large data sets from federal and state government sources as well as a private insurer

Tap into Duke PopHealth’s partnerships with world-class institutions like  Duke Cancer Institute ,  Duke Clinical Research Institute ,  Duke Global Health Institute , and  Duke-Margolis Center for Health Policy

Connect with Duke PopHealth’s  Center for Health Measurement , the  BASE Lab ,  QualCore , and  INTERACT  (Implementation Science Research Collaborative) – which each offer specialized research support.

Enjoy proximity to Duke Health, which provides most of the health care in Durham County. Students can also connect with the Durham Veterans Administration Medical Center and  ADAPT Center .

Duke University PhD in Philosophy

How much does a doctorate in philosophy from duke cost, duke graduate tuition and fees.

Does Duke Offer an Online PhD in Philosophy?

Duke doctorate student diversity for philosophy, male-to-female ratio.

Of the students who received their doctor’s degree in philosophy in 2019-2020, 25.0% of them were women. This is about the same as the countrywide number of 26.0%.

Racial-Ethnic Diversity

Around 50.0% of philosophy doctor’s degree recipients at Duke in 2019-2020 were awarded to racial-ethnic minorities*. This is higher than the nationwide number of 15%.

Popular Reports

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The Pharmacology program at Duke is consistently ranked among the top pharmacology graduate programs in the nation. Its focus is to prepare qualified individuals for a career in independent research. Pharmacology is the science of drug action on biological systems. It encompasses the study of targets of drug action, the mechanisms by which drugs act, the therapeutic and toxic effects of drugs, as well as the development of new therapeutic agents. As the study of pharmacology is interdisciplinary, the graduate program in pharmacology is diverse and flexible. Graduate positions in the program are fully funded providing for payment of tuition, fees, and an annual stipend for the first two years. After the first two years, students are supported by the faculty member with whom they are doing their thesis research. The average time to completion of a Ph.D. is 5.5 years.

Pharmacology Alumni

We are very proud of the alumni from our department who have successfully completed their training in Pharmacology. Please follow this link to learn more about our alumni for   pharmacology .

David MacAlpine, PhD

Claudia D Ruga

Padilla Named Duke Presidential Fellow

Associate Clinical Professor Dr. Iris Padilla selected for prestigious one-year program.

The School of Nursing’s Iris Padilla, PhD, MSN, APRN, FNP-BC, FAANP, is Duke’s 2024-2025 Presidential Fellow. Padilla is only the fourth Duke professor and the first professor from the School of Nursing to receive this honor. The prestigious Duke Presidential Fellowship, established by President Vincent Price, prepares promising mid-career faculty members like Padilla for future leadership roles and engages them in the administration of the University.

Duke Today recently highlighted Padilla and the President Fellows program:

The first challenge for nursing professor Iris Padilla after she was named Duke’s Presidential Fellow for the academic year was deciding what areas of the university she wanted to learn more about.

“After they selected me as fellow, the president’s office sent me a list of university units,” said Padilla, an associate professor of nursing. “It was easy to see which ones I wanted to learn about. All of it looked interesting.”

That curiosity makes Padilla an excellent fit for the Presidential Fellowship, a program established by President Vincent Price that allows a faculty member to spend a year diving into the workings of university administration.

It’s meant to prepare promising faculty for future leadership roles by providing them with the opportunities to interact closely with and receive mentorship from the president and other senior leaders and to observe leadership in action through direct participation in leadership meetings. As a fellow, Padilla will have regularly engage with a range of administrators, including one-on-one meetings with President Price.

She will participate in meetings of the Board of Trustees, the Senior Leadership Group, the President’s Cabinet, the Deans Cabinet, and certain presidential and provostial committees. She also will have short rotations shadowing academic and administrative leaders in various units and schools across the campus.

Learn more about Padilla and Duke’s Presidential Fellows program on the Duke Today .

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• Certificate in History & Philosophy of Science, Technology and Medicine

The Certificate in History & Philosophy of Science, Technology and Medicine is administered by the departments of History and Philosophy and is open to all doctoral students at Duke. This interdisciplinary graduate certificate program is designed to complement and enrich the curricula of graduate students studying English, history, philosophy, science, engineering, medicine, or other disciplines.

History and Philosophy of Science (HPS) uses the tools and methods of the humanities (especially history and philosophy) to study the sciences understood as human endeavors. This includes historical evolution and context; conceptual foundations and puzzles; theories, methods, and claims to knowledge; institutions, material practices, and social structures, past and present.

Duke HPS incorporates science, technology, engineering, medicine, and mathematics. We promote universal ownership of the sciences as shared cultural inheritance through encouragement and support of HPS in research and in teaching across the academy.

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Duke University Department of Philosophy

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Also at Duke University

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• Metaphysics, Feminist Philosophy, Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality, Social Ontology, Social Philosophy

• Distinguished Professor (Part-time)

• Associate Professor
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• Ph.D. Degree

The Graduate Program in Literature is a doctoral program, which means that all students enrolled prepare for the Ph.D. degree. The program does not grant M.A. degrees along the way. The typical time to completion for the doctoral program is 6 full years.

Requirements for the Ph.D.

• 12 Seminars
• 7 Literature Program courses
• At least 5 courses in a teaching field of your choice
• Foreign language proficiency in two languages
• Preliminary Exam
• Chapter Workshop
• Dissertation Defense
• Teaching Assistantship
• Responsible Conduct of Research Training

Additional Course Guidelines

Undergraduate-level Courses - There are no restrictions on the number of undergraduate courses a student may take outside the Literature Program during their graduate career. The approval of the DGS must be sought in such cases, and in any case Graduate School Regulations do not allow courses below the 500 level to count toward the fulfillment of coursework requirements or to be included in a student's GPA calculation.  In general undergraduate courses tend to be limited to relevant language courses.

Independent Studies - Students can take up to three independent studies over the course of their careers. Students have to complete the “Independent Study Notification Form” every time they take an independent study and it must be signed by the DGS. Supplies of these forms are kept in the DGS Assistant’s office.

Inter-institutional Courses - The Registrar requires students to follow a special procedure when they register for courses at other Triangle universities (UNC, NCCU, NCSU). Forms and information are available at the Registrar's Office. You’ll need approval from Lit’s DGS & the professor of the course.

Typical Degree Timeline

What follows is a very general timeline that graduate students in the Program may use as a rough orientation for their six-year course of study. It is not meant to replace the guidance that you should actively seek , for your own specific circumstances and research field(s), from your mentors and advisors.

During the first year, you will familiarize yourself with the department, the university, and the profession at large. The many colloquia and conferences offered at Duke, UNC Chapel Hill, NC Central and NC State, present great opportunities for you to get to know your peers, professors, national and international scholars.

During the second year, you can start presenting your work at conferences in your field(s). You should by now identify your main advisor(s), and begin TAing so as to familiarize yourself with teaching duties. You may also begin to plan for a Certificate in College Teaching.

During the third year, you will complete your preliminary exams and start to work towards your dissertation. Make sure to complete, by the end of this academic year, all the required coursework, including any language requirement related to your specific field. To be competitive in a specific field, you may well need more than one language besides English: please consult with your advisors about this matter.

During the fourth year, your focus will be to complete, if not an entire first draft, at least a good part of your dissertation. This is also a good moment to make your work known in the profession by publishing a part of your dissertation and by presenting some of the other parts at professional conferences. Finally, you should attend the dissertation formatting training sessions offered by the Graduate School (either during the fall or the spring): this is very important, to avoid any last-minute surprises that could jeopardize your entire time-plan for the PhD.

If possible, you should try to finish your dissertation during your fifth year at Duke. You should also keep a presence at professional conferences, and you may also want to consider the possibility of public humanities publications. Finally, this is the year to start applying for jobs.

You should be ready to defend by the end of this year.

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• Ph.D. Program in Religion

For students seeking their Ph.D. in Religion, the Graduate Program in Religion —part of the Duke Graduate School—offers a Ph.D. program. Although this program is not housed with the Department of Religious Studies, it is a collaboration between the Department and Duke Divinity School. The program includes the following 9 fields of study, also called tracks, in which students can concentrate their studies:

• American Religion
• Asian Religions
• Christian Theological Studies
• Early Christianity
• Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
• Islamic Studies
• New Testament
• Religion, Aesthetics, and Society
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Duke Kunshan University Humanities Research Center

Interdisciplinary Research Center in the Arts, Humanities, and Interpretive Social Sciences at Duke Kunshan University

Student Report on the Workshop: “Queering Zhuangzi’s Wuwei”

By Zu Gan, Class of 2025

On the 27 th of August 2024, the HRC’s Gender Studies Initiative and the CSCC’s Meanings, Identities, and Communities Cluster co-sponsored a workshop and a talk by Hu Ying. Hu Ying is a PhD Candidate in Literary Studies from the Department of English, Linguistics and Theater Studies, National University of Singapore. There were over 50 people and 3 faculty in attendance across both events.

The workshop with students was held informally to encourage lively discussions between the speaker and DKU students. Hu Ying started by sharing his own academic journey. He highlighted how he first started learning about queer theory during his undergraduate studies. This soon morphed into a “learning trouble” for him at graduate school because of the realization that the theories he was learning were the other’s trouble. This led him to seek ways in queering queer theory as well. Besides sharing on his own personal journey, Hu Ying also answered questions from students on life in academia as well as pursuing studies in Singapore.

After the workshop, Hu Ying delivered a talk on “Queering Zhuangzi’s Wuwei Towards a Politics of Spontaneous Life.” He covered a critical exploration of the intersections between queer theory and traditional Chinese philosophy, particularly through the lens of Zhuangzi’s concept of wuwei (non-action). Hu Ying presented a nuanced discussion on how Zhuangzi’s philosophy, with its emphasis on spontaneity, non-interference, and living in accordance with the Dao (the Way), can offer an alternative framework for understanding queer life beyond the confines of neoliberal and liberal social norms.

He started his talk by introducing the combination of “flat refusal” ( tangping ) with queer liberalism. He explained the meaning of wuwei and applied it to a queer form of life. By using the film “Spring Fever,” he presented queer desire as outside of neoliberal subjectivity and a queer spacetime of wuwei where a life’s social situatedness no longer matters. In addition, he emphasized sexual life through its material texture which is a queer posture of taking things as they are a function of desire.

One of the key points addressed was the idea of a “queer life” that transcended socio-political relevance. He proposed a reimagining of queer existence in a cosmological order that defies conventional Western paradigms. This perspective challenges the Western-centric views of queer theory, suggesting that Zhuangzi’s teachings could lead to a more inclusive and culturally diversified understanding of queer identities.

Hu Ying also raised questions about the potential of wuwei to foster a vision of queer Asia that is liberated from existing subjectivities and socio-political constraints. This idea was further expanded by discussing how wuwei could serve as a means to disrupt the normative frameworks of identity and belonging, offering a way of life that is more fluid, spontaneous, and less bound by rigid categories.

In conclusion, the lecture encouraged a rethinking of queer theory through the lens of Zhuangzi. Hu Ying suggested that such an approach could lead to a richer and more complex understanding of queer existence that is less tied to Western liberalism and more open to diverse cultural interpretations.

The Women Behind the Making of Duke’s Woman’s College

The establishment of Duke in 1924 paved the way for the Woman’s College to open in 1930 on East Campus

This story is part of Working@Duke 's celebration of Duke's Centennial year. Working@Duke is highlighting historical workforce issues and showcasing employees in a special series through 2024.

When a friend from Durham asked Alice Baldwin in early 1923 if she would be interested in a position overseeing women’s studies at Trinity College, she had a quick answer.

“Not in the least,” she recounted in her memoir, “The Woman’s College as I Remember It.”

Not long afterward, a Trinity College professor and director of the school’s summer session asked the same question to Baldwin, a former Dean of Women at Fargo College, and she replied, “Not at all.”

But the Trinity College professor was persistent, and the third time he asked, Baldwin accepted a temporary appointment as acting Dean of Women in the 1923 summer session at Trinity College before the Woman’s College opened. She was 44 years old and had never been to the South.

“I enjoyed those six weeks, hot as it was,” the Maine native wrote in 1959.

The appointment turned into a full-time position that eventually blossomed into the most pivotal role in the pioneering establishment of Duke’s Woman’s College, which opened with about 450 women in September 1930 and existed as a coordinate college to Trinity College until 1972 on what’s now East Campus.

Reluctant as Baldwin was to initially take the position, she would become the greatest champion for the women who moved into East Campus when men relocated to Duke’s newly opened West Campus in 1930. She set in motion a series of pivotal decisions – including the establishment of a physical education department and an arts department led by other trailblazing women – just after Duke was established in 1924.

“I was a product of coeducation, but if a coordinate college was to be developed, our job was to make it the best possible of its kind,” Baldwin wrote in her memoir.

As Duke celebrates its Centennial in 2024, women such as Baldwin , Physical Education Instructor Julia Grout and the creator of the arts department, Katherine Gilbert, show that the Woman’s College that opened in September 1930 was a pioneering chapter in the history of Duke University.

Alice Baldwin, the reluctant dean

Baldwin never planned to lead a college; she wanted to be a history professor. But as she wrapped up her doctoral degree at University of Chicago, her supervising professor advised that there was not much future for her there.

So when Trinity College President William Preston Few began asking whether she’d be interested in staying on full time, she considered it – though she was stunned when Few “asked if I could take criticism and disappointment without weeping!”

Anyone who knew Baldwin well would have known that was not a question to ask.

“She was a force to be reckoned with,” said Mary Duke Trent Jones, great-granddaughter of Benjamin N. Duke. Jones’ mother, Mary Duke Biddle Trent Semans, was close friends with Baldwin, so Jones saw her feistiness first-hand. “You didn’t fool around with her. She was a kind but forceful dean.”

Baldwin was such a towering figure in Duke's history, that one of the most prominent buildings on East Campus, the auditorium anchoring the campus, is named in her honor.

Baldwin fought for equal rights for her female students from the very first time she ate at the dining hall at Trinity College and noted that she and female students were not provided a napkin. So she bought linens for students, with funds coming from her $3,000 salary, with $800 of that designated for Baldwin’s room and board – a sum that infuriated her when she learned that subsequent Woman’s College educators hired were paying $600 per year.

Among Baldwin’s early requests as the dean for the Woman’s College related to the physical setup as East Campus was transformed to the Woman’s College domain: bathrooms should include showers; parlors in dormitories should have fireplaces; the special design of study chairs for women should be proportioned to fit their backs; and a large iron fence surrounding the women’s dorm quadrangle was not necessary.

More important, though, was lobbying against Few’s belief that women should have “separate but equal” academic opportunities. Before the official opening of the Woman’s College, Baldwin taught a junior-senior class in history in 1926 ­– the first time a woman taught an advanced class at Duke.

And Baldwin pointed out that duplicate classes on the two campuses was financially impractical. By 1934, there were 70 courses on East Campus in which only women were enrolled and 220 courses with mixed enrollment on both campuses.

“My chief aims were to have full opportunities for the women to share in all academic life; to have the advantages of the university libraries, laboratories, faculty, while at the same time giving them the opportunity to develop leadership and college spirit through their own organizations,” Baldwin wrote.

Despite all her work to get the Woman’s College established, Baldwin was not on campus when it opened Sept. 24, 1930. She was ill and taken to Duke Hospital badly dehydrated, where she remained for two weeks as 300 new women (and 137 upper-year students) started at the college.

But by then, Baldwin already had hired a supporting cast to help her launch the Woman’s College.

“I was especially fortunate in having such women as these and those on the faculty whose ability and devotion played such an important part in building the kind of College we envisioned,” Baldwin wrote.

Julia Grout, the fiery P.E. teacher

One stipulation for accreditation of the Woman’s College by the American Association of University Women was a physical education program.

That’s why Julia Grout was among the first instructors Baldwin hired, in September 1924. The graduate of Holyoke and Wellesley “developed a department which … won recognition from the AAUW as well as from our own faculty,” one Duke colleague wrote to Grout upon her retirement in 1964.

Grout, who was called “Jerry” by her closest friends, spent 40 years at the helm of the physical education department, advocating for better facilities for women for the duration of her tenure.

In Grout’s memoir, “As You Were: Or Forty Years of ‘Happenings’ in the Department of Health and Physical Education,” she wrote that the first East Campus gym floor developed an “undulating surface,” the water in the swimming pool was an “opaque brown” and the roof above the pool had rotted and sagged after a snowstorm.

Early classes included horseback riding, swimming, gymnastics, tennis and archery, though Grout admitted that she had taken just three horseback riding classes, herself, before offering it as a course at the Woman’s College.

Additionally, all first-year students were required to take a class in “body mechanics,” in which the women were taught to “walk properly, to stand, sit and move gracefully and to handle the body efficiently in everyday activities such as carrying and lifting heavy objects, balancing, going up and down stairs, etc.”

But the department grew, and the focus shifted over the years, and in 1942, she received approval to offer Health and Physical Education as a major for students preparing to teach in secondary school.

In a 1946 speech, Grout said she “arrived in the era of high heels and debutant slouch,” but by the time she retired in 1964, “physical education today is considered to be more than exercise for amusement or discipline or to cure distortions.”

“There was never a time during the 40 years that I wished I were in another profession or in another place,” Grout wrote. “Starting from scratch – the first full-time teacher of physical education for women, I had the satisfaction of seeing our department develop through the years, along with and as a part of, the development of Trinity College into a great university.”

Katherine Gilbert, bringing arts to Duke

An early deficiency Baldwin identified at Duke and the Woman’s College was a lack of attention to cultural activities such as music and art.

“It is hard now to realize how little good music there was in the University and in Durham in those days,” Baldwin wrote.

That’s part of the reason why Baldwin sought to create a Department of Aesthetics, Art and Music at the Woman’s College, modeled after a similar program at Cornell University.

She tapped Katherine Gilbert to form the department. Gilbert had been appointed a professor of philosophy at Duke in 1930, the first woman to become a full professor. The innovative department was established in 1941.

Gilbert, who was so influential that Gilbert-Addoms Residence Hall was named after her in 1957, was often overshadowed at Duke by her husband, English professor Alan Gilbert, but she was revered by her students who valued her insight and intellect.

Gilbert died of cancer in 1952 at age 65.

“Such a teacher is Dr. Katherine Gilbert she turns students into disciples,” an editorial in the Duke Chronicle said after her death. “She offers more than facts, opinions and analyses – which may be found in any first-class text. She offers a personality, a living and inspiring embodiment of a fruitful and rich existence. The true work of art is man, as he recreates himself, and the way and the possibilities of such creation are taught by teachers like Mrs. Gilbert, who is the personification of the beauty she teaches. We are brought to say like Plato or Socrates, that this is the wisest and justest and best person we know and our lives are forever different for the knowing.”

Such an influential and impactful instructor is precisely what Baldwin sought to bring to the Woman’s College to shape the women who attended the school.

“I believed and still believe that there should be on the faculty a fair number of women whose scholarship and teaching ability should win and hold the respect of both students and faculty and who are interested in working with the women students in various ways, who are given positions of high rank, by no means always as instructors, and who will serve as examples of what women can achieve in the academic world,” Baldwin wrote in her memoir.

And for 42 years, the Woman’s College did just that – showed women what they could achieve in academics when surrounded by influential leaders such as Baldwin, Grout and Gilbert.

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PhD—Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing Science

A Holistic View of Nursing Science

The UW School of Nursing Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing Science (PhD) program faculty are global leaders in nursing science. Students from all over the world create a community of scholars and learn from expert researchers. Our expert nursing scientists provide mentorship tailored to student needs using technology-driven instruction.

The UW PhD program is ideal for students with diverse backgrounds who want to become premier leaders in nursing research.

We maintain a holistic view of nursing science and our faculty’s scholarship represents a broad array of research projects and innovative methodologies. Some examples include:

• Symptom science
• Laboratory sciences
• Health promotion and disease management across the lifespan
• Policy analysis and advancement of cost-effective health care systems
• Health equity
• Innovative methodologies

Hear from #HuskyNurse Sarah McKiddy and her experience with the PhD program.

A Community of Scholars

We welcome applicants with a baccalaureate degree in any field. We encourage post-baccalaureate students, as well as most master’s and DNP students who are ready to begin intensive study of nursing science, to apply.

UW PhD students have a wide range of academic backgrounds, including:

• Public health
• Complementary and alternative medicine
• Healthcare systems and policy
• Music therapy

Our PhD program is highly individualized to create independent thinkers with demonstrated ability to articulate, investigate, and report on original research that substantially contributes to health care knowledge.

The flexible program reflects the enormous scope and impact of the latest nursing research and policymaking. Although the PhD curriculum can be completed in three years of full-time study, individual student program lengths are expected to vary.

Once offered admission as a PhD student, you are matched with a faculty adviser. Your adviser provides guidance and helps answer questions until you select a supervisory committee chair (between years one and three). Your chair then serves in an advisory capacity and as the supervisor for your dissertation.

View the PhD Sample Curriculum Grid PhD Required and Elective Courses

• Optional: Statistics Concentration

The first year of the full-time PhD program and the first two years of part-time focus on required core courses emphasizing nursing philosophy, conceptual frameworks, theory, and research methodologies.

In addition, students complete their statistics sequence and may take selected electives or engage in research or teaching practicum. Students complete the preliminary exam at the end of the first year of full-time study and the end of two years of part-time study.

Students who enter the PhD program with a BSN can earn an MS in Nursing Science during the program following successful completion of the first year of the PhD program and the preliminary examination.

After the first year of full-time study and the first two years of part-time study, courses and other scholarly activities are determined by you and your supervisory committee to comprise your individual program of study. The supervisory chair is a School of Nursing graduate faculty member whose research approach, interest, or research methods align with your proposed dissertation project.

You and your chair complete the supervisory committee by selecting faculty members from the School of Nursing, the UW at large, and other appropriate experts outside the University. This committee approves your program of study and guides you through the general examinations, dissertation research, and final defense.

The Nursing Science Statistics Area of Concentration requires a minimum of 14 credits of advanced statistical methods coursework above and beyond the 10 credits of statistics required for the PhD degree. Of these, two credits are fulfilled by the CSSS Seminar, and a minimum of 12 credits are fulfilled by at least four advanced statistics courses, three of which must come from the list of CSSS courses approved for the concentration.

All courses taken as part of the statistics concentration must be graded.

However, a 500-level course that is graded credit/no credit may be considered for inclusion in your Area of Concentration proposal if:

• In the course, you submit an individual project (i.e., not a group project); and
• Major course assignments are submitted to your Supervisory Committee for review

CSSS seminar: minimum two credits

A minimum of two quarters in CS&SS is required. The most up-to-date course descriptions for statistics course options can be found on the CSSS website .

Approved CSSS advanced statistics course options

The most up-to-date course descriptions for statistics course options can be found on the CSSS website .

Variation in area of concentration coursework

One advanced methodological course in nursing, political science, psychology, public health, sociology, statistics, economics, educational psychology, social welfare, and other related fields may be considered as part of the Nursing Science Statistics Area of Concentration four course requirements if it contributes to the overall coherence of the student’s program of study and is consistent with the student’s research goals.

This course would be in addition to the ten credits of statistics courses required for the PhD in nursing.

Admissions Requirements

• An in-process or earned bachelor’s degree from an accredited university in any discipline
• A minimum cumulative Grade Point Average (GPA) of 3.0, or a 3.0 GPA for the last  60 semester/90 quarter graded college/university credits
• Meet the  Essential Behaviors for PhD Students
• International applicants   who plan on taking clinical nursing courses  must have an active, unrestricted U.S. RN license  at the time of application
• If your native language is not English,  proof of proficiency in English  (reading, writing, and comprehension)