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How Do AP Classes Impact Your GPA?

Taking Advanced Placement (AP) courses has many benefits: it exposes you to and prepares you for college-level work, it could earn you college credit, and it demonstrates that you’re a serious applicant who is willing to challenge yourself.

One additional advantage? AP course participation can boost your weighted GPA. How does this work? Let’s take a look.

What Are AP Classes?

The AP program from the College Board offers college-level courses across 38 subjects, including arts, English, history and social sciences, math and computer science, sciences, and world languages and cultures. Students who participate in AP classes often take an end-of-year exam that assesses their knowledge of and skills in the subject. 

Based on components like multiple-choice questions, essays, and short answers — variable depending on the specific test — students receive a score from 1 to 5, with 5 being the highest. Some colleges award credit to students who earn high scores, usually a 4 or 5, and in some cases a 3. Even if a college doesn’t award credit, they may use the exam for course placement, allowing you to place out of introductory classes.

Keep in mind that you don’t necessarily have to take the AP exam even if you take the course. Most students choose to do so in hopes of earning college credit, though. On the other hand, you also don’t have to take the corresponding course to sit for the AP exam; some students may choose to self-study APs. However, be aware that this is extremely challenging and won’t allow you to boost your GPA.

AP exams are quite expensive, and cost anywhere from $95-143, depending on the exam and your location. There are fee waivers , but students who don’t qualify can expect to spend quite a bit of money just on testing.

Weighted vs. Unweighted GPAs

An unweighted GPA doesn’t take into account the rigor of your courses. A weighted GPA, meanwhile, assigns extra value to AP and IB courses, usually a full point on a 4.0 scale, with a 4.0 representing an A. That means if you earn an A in an AP course, it will factor into your GPA as a 5.0. This is how many top students end up graduating with GPAs higher than 4.0.

Although colleges may see your weighted GPA on your transcript, they will likely recalculate them according to their own system because high schools weight GPAs differently. 

On your college applications, you should generally list your weighted GPA, unless the application asks for unweighted GPA specifically.

AP Class Grading Scale

Here is a chart that lets you know how AP vs. standard classes are weighted.

To get a better sense of how weighted and unweighted GPAs work, take a look at this sample schedule:

For your unweighted GPA for this schedule, simply add up the numerical grades and divide the total by five, the number of courses: (3.7+3.3+4.0+3.7+3.7) / 5 = 3.68.

You’ll follow the same math to find your weighted GPA, but, of course, you’ve already added a point to each grade for honors and AP courses: (3.7+4.3+4.0+4.7+4.7) / 5 = 4.28.

As you can see, taking three higher-level courses elevates your GPA to above a 4.0, even though your unweighted GPA is a 3.68.

Learn more about calculating your GPA (both weighted and unweighted) or use our free GPA calculator .

Why Colleges Like to See Students Take APs

While having a good GPA demonstrates that you did well in your courses, that’s not enough. Colleges want to see that you challenge yourself. Taking AP courses is one way to show that you do. 

If you’re aiming for a top-20 school, adcoms will expect to see plenty of APs on your transcript — you should take as many as you can handle, especially in your best subjects.

If your school doesn’t offer AP classes, don’t worry. Colleges will evaluate you in the context of the opportunities you have available to you. It is still possible to get into a top college with little to no AP classes, as long as you performed well relative to your peers .

Where to Get Free Homework Help for AP Classes

Balancing your AP classes in high school can be pretty tough, especially when you have extracurriculars and other responsibilities. To help you get your homework done as efficiently as possible you can use CollegeVine’s free AI tutor, Ivy . Ivy can help you with all subjects, from math to languages.

Related CollegeVine Blog Posts

What Are AP Classes? Answering Your Questions

Updated: Nov 6, 2023, 3:39pm

For many high school students, Advanced Placement® (AP) classes symbolize academic success and provide a leg up in the competitive college admissions process. In 2022, more than 2.6 million students took at least one AP class, according to the College Board .

With so many learners enrolling in these rigorous classes, you may feel pressure to join to keep up with your peers. Yet, these college-level courses aren’t for everyone, and a poor grade could do more harm than good. So how do you know whether AP classes are worth it?

This guide will help you understand AP classes, their benefits and drawbacks, how to enroll, and how to earn college credit from AP exams. Let’s dive in.

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What Are AP Classes?

AP classes are college-level courses that students take while in high school. The College Board, the same company that administers the SAT® and PSAT®, created the AP program to allow high-achieving high school students a chance to get ahead on their college education.

Today, the AP program offers a total of 38 classes, though most high schools offer only a handful of AP courses. AP coursework is generally considered more challenging than honors classes, and each AP class corresponds with an exam to test how well you’ve grasped the course material.

Do AP Classes Give College Credit?

Taking an AP class doesn’t guarantee that you’ll earn college credit. You have to pass the class’ corresponding AP exam, usually with a score of at least 3 (on a scale of 1 to 5), to qualify for college credit at most institutions.

Many colleges recognize that a passing score on an AP exam means you’ve mastered the course material, which can earn you credits toward a college degree. Colleges may also grant advanced placement, meaning you can skip introductory courses and start with more advanced material.

Are AP Classes Graded Differently?

Many high schools weight grades for AP classes to account for the courses’ difficulty level, often grading on a 5.0 scale rather than the typical 4.0 scale. Where an A in a typical high school class is worth a 4.0, an A in an AP class might be weighted as a 5.0. As such, performing well in an AP class can boost your overall GPA, potentially pushing it over a 4.0.

That said, each high school determines how to weight grades for its AP courses, as does each college when assessing applicants’ transcripts. Even if your high school does not weight AP course grades, your prospective college might.

What AP Classes Are Available?

AP classes cover the following broad disciplines:

• History and social sciences
• Math and computer science
• World languages and cultures

Courses within each discipline cover various subjects. For instance, AP science courses include biology, chemistry, environmental science, physics 1: algebra-based, physics 2: algebra-based, physics C: electricity and magnetism, and physics C: mechanics.

The College Board also offers an AP Capstone® diploma program, a two-year program covering AP seminar and AP research. Capstone diploma courses teach students valuable skills for mastering any subject, including critical thinking, research, public speaking and collaborative group work.

Some classes have recommended prerequisites and alternate requirements. Check with your school before deciding which classes to take.

How Do I Sign Up for AP Classes?

You can sign up for AP classes through your school. If your school doesn’t offer the AP course you want to take, or if you are homeschooled, you may be able to take the course at another local school or through an online or distance learning provider.

While the College Board recommends taking an accredited AP course before the AP exam, it’s not required. You can study for the exam on your own. Compared to the 2.66 million students who took AP courses in 2022, 4.76 million took AP exams.

How Do AP Exams Work?

At the end of each AP course, students take a corresponding subject-specific exam. AP tests are standardized, like the SAT, so students across the country are tested on the same information. Some courses don’t have an end-of-year exam but instead require students to submit a portfolio for grading.

Exams are given once yearly at high schools and exam centers. They take around two to three hours to complete. The first section usually contains multiple-choice questions, and the second allows free responses. College professors and AP teachers score the second section, along with other tasks completed during the course.

AP exam scores range from 1 to 5. A 5 is considered an A or A+; 4 an A-, B+ or B; 3 a B-, C+ or C; and anything below a 3 not passing. According to the College Board, 60% of the exams taken in 2022 were scored as a 3 or higher.

If you’re unhappy with your score, you can retake an AP exam the following year. Colleges can access both scores unless you cancel one or request to withhold it.

Are AP Classes Worth It?

Tackling college-level classes before setting foot on a university campus demonstrates to college admission officers that you have the academic capability to succeed. It also shows you’re not afraid to challenge yourself, and your grade in the class may boost your GPA, even if you don’t pass the exam.

College Board research shows that students who take AP courses are better prepared for college and more likely to graduate on time than students who don’t take AP courses. The college-level coursework also allows you to study a subject more in-depth than you would in a traditional high school class. This can help you determine whether you’d like to pursue a major or a career in that subject.

Pros and Cons of AP Classes

Before deciding to take an AP course, consider the pros and cons. While loading your course schedule with AP classes may seem like a great idea, it’s not the right choice for everyone, especially students who don’t have the bandwidth for such rigorous coursework.

• AP courses allow you to dive deep into subjects that interest you, which can help you decide on a college major.
• You’ll learn essential time management, organization and study skills needed for college and beyond.
• Depending on your AP exam score, you could earn college credit or place out of introductory classes, saving you time and money.
• A strong grade in an AP class can give your GPA a boost.
• Extra tests and homework could lead to less sleep, added stress and an overloaded schedule.
• A poor grade in an AP class could hurt you more in the college admissions process than if you hadn’t taken the class.
• You may not receive college credit if you don’t pass your AP exams.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About AP Classes

Which ap class is the hardest.

In 2023, the course with the lowest percentage of students who passed the AP exam with a score of 3 or higher was AP physics 1, according to the College Board. This course covers Newtonian mechanics, introductory circuits, sound and mechanical waves, work, energy and power.

How many AP classes should I take?

This depends on various factors, including where you plan to apply to college (since highly selective colleges may place more emphasis on AP courses) and your course load. The College Board claims that even ​taking one AP course can improve your first-year GPA in college and boost your chances of graduating. Talk to your teachers or your school guidance counselor if you’re unsure of how many or which AP courses to take.

What is the easiest AP class?

The course with the highest percentage of students who scored a 3 or higher on the AP exam was the AP seminar, according to the College Board’s reported 2023 scores. The AP Capstone program’s seminar course teaches students how to read and analyze research, create evidence-based arguments, collect information from sources and view an issue from multiple angles.

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A parent’s guide to AP classes

Students listen during an Advanced Placement American history class at Downtown Magnets High School in Los Angeles in 2013.

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A 4.0 GPA isn’t enough to get into any college you want anymore. Now, there are Advanced Placement classes. Once reserved for the most elite high school students, these college-level classes are finding their way into more schools , and more colleges expect to see them on applicants’ transcripts.

What are AP classes, and what do you and your teen need to know about them? Education Matters spoke to a number of education experts, all of whom are listed at the end of the post. If you have more questions, you can t weet them to us @LATEducation.

What does AP stand for, and what is the point?

The Advanced Placement program was born in the 1950s and is run by the College Board, the huge education nonprofit corporation that also administers the SAT . AP classes are college-level courses, but they’re taught in high school. The goal is to expose students to the rigorous standards they will face in college, to increase college preparedness and to challenge students beyond regular and often beyond honors courses.

There are now almost 40 AP courses offered, though not every school offers every course. The College Board provides schools the curriculum for these classes, and administers AP tests to students each May. If a student scores a 3, 4, or 5 out of 5 on a test, he or she is eligible to receive college credit for that class —and possibly be required to take fewer classes in order to graduate from college.

How is it different from a regular or honors class?

Simply put, AP classes are more difficult than other classes. “It’s at least 30% more [work] than another class,” said James Keipp, the director UCLA’s AP Readiness Program, which offers free support classes to LAUSD students.

AP students are supposed to delve more deeply into topics through research, practical applications and critical thinking. Stanford lecturer Denise Pope gave one example in her book about a healthy balance for high school kids, Overloaded and Underprepared :

“[N]ew AP science courses aim to more closely reflect what goes on in the college science lab and the true process of science and inquiry, including hypothesis testing, experimentation, and analytic reasoning,” the book notes of some of the new frameworks.

The differences between honors classes and AP classes vary depending on the school. In many cases, honors classes tend to be for freshmen and sophomores, who then take AP classes in those subjects in their junior and senior years. Another difference between honors and AP is that students can earn college credits by passing AP exams.

AP classes affect GPA as well — regular classes usually weight an A in a class as a 4.0. But many high schools and colleges give AP classes an additional point. So it’s possible to have a 5.0 GPA credit from an AP class. Or, a student could get a B in an AP class but still have a 4.0 GPA. Schools often weight honors classes higher than regular classes as well.

How many AP classes should my kid be taking to get into college?

This is one of the most common questions that counselors are asked. The answer varies from student to student, but a student should take AP classes she is interested in, as long as she is still able to get nine hours of sleep after finishing homework and extracurriculars.

For highly selective schools such as Ivy League schools, Stanford, and public universities like UCLA and UC Berkeley, it’s common for accepted applicants to take about eight AP classes throughout high school, though that number can range from five to 13.

There are many colleges, though, that don’t ask for that many AP classes and offer a very good education, even though they’re not in U.S. News & World Report’s top 30 schools. Students can get into a four-year school with just one AP, and in some cases, with none. Students with a high school degree can also attend community college without any AP classes, and then transfer to a four-year school.

Students who haven’t taken many AP classes can also use written portions of college applications to explain why, and to explain other factors that may have affected their high school performance or the classes they took. Grades, rigor of classes, and test scores may be the foundation of college admissions in many cases, but colleges also look at extracurricular activities and essays.

Keep in mind that these answers certainly do not apply to all colleges — there are many kinds of schools, with different admissions criteria.

My kid’s school doesn’t offer that many AP options. What can we do?

First, know that colleges look at a student’s course load in the context of the options available — so if there are only three AP classes offered at the school and your child takes all three, admissions officers will be impressed.

So it’s possible to take few AP courses where few are offered and please admissions officers. But when it comes to educational opportunity and equity, if your child’s school offers far fewer AP classes than other schools, your school may be offering a lower-quality education overall. This gap is a problem that districts are trying to address by adding more AP offerings throughout schools.

High school students can also take classes for free at many community colleges, and one semester of those classes translates to a year of an AP class. This requires planning, though -- you must talk to your school’s counselor to ensure that the school will accept the class, and find a class that’s after school and doesn’t conflict with jobs or extracurriculars.

Of course, there are schools where honors classes are just as challenging and fulfilling as an AP course.

Do you need to take the test, or is the class enough?

In terms of college admissions, schools primarily look at the classes a student takes, and his or her performance in that class. Reporting your AP scores on applications usually is optional, so failing the test or not taking won’t necessarily affect your admissions chances.

The advantage to taking the tests is that they can count for college credits and could allow you to skip some lower-level classes in college, saving money and time. The College Board offers partial fee waivers for the $89 test, and a number of districts use federal funds to cover as much as $84 of the cost.

Is it better to take more AP classes or to get good grades in regular classes?

Colleges want to see students challenge themselves, so counselors would suggest that students take an AP class and get a B, rather than take all regular classes and get straight A’s.

C grades, however, are not acceptable for selective colleges. In those cases it might be better to drop into a regular class.

Some advocates say that all high school students should take at least one AP class whether or not they perform well academically in it, because it exposes them to college-level academics and to an environment in which it’s expected that most students will attend college.

The school says my child is not eligible or can’t take an AP class. What are the restrictions?

In Los Angeles Unified, any student can take an AP class if she chooses to, according to district policy . If your student is being kept out of an AP class that he wants to take, you can go to the school and express your support for your child or ask why he’s being blocked from the class. If that doesn’t work or you are not sure what your district’s rules are, you can go to a school board member or even the superintendent to ask what the district’s policy is regarding AP enrollment.

Policies such as grade requirements, teacher recommendations and entry exams have historically prevented many black and Latino students, and low-income students, from taking AP classes. Now the College Board and school districts are recognizing that, and districts around the country are flipping access so that any student can choose to take an AP class — that’s the policy in both Los Angeles and Long Beach unified school districts.

However, this policy doesn’t always make it down to the campus level. Counselors and teachers may still tell a student that she shouldn’t take an AP class, based on her past grades and test scores. If that’s the case, a parent can talk to the teacher or counselor to enroll the student in the class, and to have a conversation about the supports necessary to make sure the student succeeds. The U.S. Department of Education is investigating schools where the population of AP students is different from the overall population.

My kid is up until 3 a.m. doing homework for AP’s every night. What do I do?

Look into tutors, and/or drop a class.

As AP classes become the norm for many students, it’s easy to forget that they are, indeed, college-level courses. Few college students take five courses at a time, so it’s perhaps unreasonable to expect a high school student to do the same. Before choosing classes, ask teachers how much homework students can expect on average, and plan out each day accordingly. Ideally, there should be enough time for school, homework, any extracurriculars or work commitments, and nine (yes, nine) hours of sleep.

At the beginning of the year when schedules are still flexible, students should think hard about whether they can manage the courseload. If during the year students are feeling the mental and physical toll of too many AP classes, they can try to drop one or more and take the ones that they are most interested in, or the subjects in which they do best.

I can’t afford tutoring. How can I make sure my kid succeeds in APs? What community resources are there for my kid?

There are a number of programs for students in AP courses. For example, UCLA’s AP Readiness Program offers four-hour sessions one Saturday a month, free to all LAUSD students who are not in independent charter schools. The district also provides transportation. For other students, they cost $320 for the entire year. Parents who are interested can talk to their student’s AP teacher about organizing a group to get a better rate, or can ask the school to cover the cost.

Community colleges also often have free tutoring programs for high school students, as do local groups such as the ones listed on this L.A. County database .

To get these questions and answers, Education Matters interviewed the following people:

Audrey Kahane, a private college counselor

Kathryn Favaro, a college counselor and founder of California College Prep

Tyrone Howard, UCLA education professor

Denise Pope, Stanford senior lecturer and co-founder of Challenge Success

James Keipp, director of UCLA AP Readiness Program

Christina Theokas, director of research at Education Trust

Reach Sonali Kohli on Twitter @Sonali_Kohli or by email at [email protected].

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Sonali Kohli is a former Los Angeles Times reporter. A product of Southern California, she grew up in Diamond Bar and graduated from UCLA. She worked as a metro reporter for the Orange County Register and as a reporter covering education and diversity for Quartz before joining The Times in 2015.

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Making AP® Homework Count

Nikki stared at her computer screen, wondering just how she was going to find the time to complete the six hour online training course she had to do for her school district by next week. She didn’t mind professional development usually, but this was the same mandatory training on classroom best practices she’d had to complete every year for the last eight years of her teaching career. Additionally, the professional development had to be completed outside of school contract hours. The district had given teachers just one week to complete the six hours, and they’d also required several pages of redundant documentation on testing data that could also be found on the district’s reporting system. All of this teacher “homework” was too much, and quite frankly, Nikki didn’t understand the necessity of all of it.

Most K-12 teachers have, at some point, related to the experience of too much and/or unnecessary teacher “homework”. Even new educators quickly realize the redundancy of many required teacher tasks that must be completed outside of their contract hours. And yet, teachers often struggle with finding the appropriate level of rigor and the correct amount of homework to assign their students. Creating purposeful and effective AP ® assignments can be especially difficult, as coursework expectations are especially high in college-readiness classes. All of this begs the question–how can teachers make sure their AP homework assignments truly count for their students?

Is AP Homework Really Necessary?

Before we can answer this question, we need to explore another one that has been a point of debate within education for years–is homework even necessary? The answer isn’t as clear-cut as many would like to believe. Although a clear majority (64%) of Americans do believe homework is beneficial to K-12 students, 1 there are strong arguments both for and against assigning students work to complete outside of school hours. Proponents of homework point out that it consolidates the concepts students learn during school hours and develops work ethic and time management. Opponents claim the stress homework causes students negates any of its benefits.

*Data Source: YouGov.com 1

The most comprehensive research to date on the true benefits of homework is based on a study by Harris Cooper, a psychology professor at Duke University. 2 Cooper’s study revealed a positive correlation between homework and student achievement, so he concluded that students who completed homework tended to perform better in school. Not all education experts, however, fully endorsed Cooper’s assessment of the data.

Cathy Vatterott, an education professor at the University of Missouri-St. Louis, countered Cooper’s findings by pointing out that correlation was not causation. She furthered her argument with her own question–”Does homework cause achievement, or do high achievers do more homework?” 3

“Does homework cause achievement, or do high achievers do more homework?” ~ Cathy Vatterott

Like the controversy itself, the research isn’t clear either way. And aside from a clear conclusion, the research lacks one very important variable—it doesn’t account for the college-level rigor and expectations that AP courses require of students.

The Purpose of Homework in AP Courses

When students enroll in AP courses, they are made fully aware of the heavy workload outside of class that is required in order to succeed in them. In addition to heavy reading and studying requirements, this also means larger amounts of homework than they might see in non-AP courses. This is in-part because, as college-readiness classes, AP courses must prepare students for the heavier workloads they’ll see if they enroll in college courses. Additionally, AP course standards historically cover too much information to adequately teach everything students need to learn before their summative AP exams. Spending time outside of school hours to prepare for what they will learn in class, develop critical thinking skills, and to form excellent work and study habits will not only prepare students for their AP exams and college courses, but will also prepare them for their future careers.

In addition to these fundamental justifications for AP homework, there are a number of objectives 4 that AP assignments need to fulfill in order to be beneficial.

AP Homework Should Reinforce Learning and/or Encourage Learning Discoveries

AP homework should serve as a means to reinforce the concepts taught in class by providing opportunities for students to apply and practice what they have learned. It should go beyond rote memorization and encourage critical thinking, problem-solving, and analysis. AP homework should provide quality feedback so students can better understand what they get right and correct their understanding of misconceptions. Effective AP assignments should also challenge students to draw their own conclusions, think independently, and connect course concepts to real-world situations, fostering a deeper understanding of the subject matter and preparing them for the rigors of college-level education.

AP Homework Should Connect to AP Learning Goals

AP homework should be aligned with the specific learning goals outlined by the AP curriculum. It should directly address the content, skills, and competencies emphasized in the course. By connecting to AP learning goals, homework assignments can effectively reinforce and extend classroom instruction, allowing students to practice and demonstrate their mastery of the targeted knowledge and skills. This alignment ensures that students are adequately prepared for the AP exams and helps them develop the depth of understanding required to excel in the subject area.

AP Homework Should Build Work Habits for College and Career

AP homework plays a crucial role in building work and study habits that are essential for college and future careers. By assigning challenging tasks that require independent research, critical thinking, and time management, AP homework helps students develop the discipline and self-regulation needed to succeed in higher education and professional settings. It instills a sense of responsibility, accountability, and perseverance as students learn to prioritize tasks, manage their time effectively, and meet deadlines. These skills and habits cultivated through AP homework set the foundation for lifelong learning, ensuring students are prepared for the demands of college and equipped with valuable skills for their future careers.

AP Homework Should Prepare AP Students for Class, As Well As the Exam

AP homework should serve as preparation for both class and the AP exam. It should encourage students to come to class ready to engage in meaningful discussions and activities related to the assigned work. By completing AP homework, students deepen their understanding of the subject matter, reinforce important concepts, and develop the skills necessary to perform well on the AP exam. The homework should include practice questions and problems that mirror the format and level of difficulty of the AP exam, allowing students to familiarize themselves with the exam structure, timing, and expectations.

AP Homework Should Track Student Progress and Differentiate Accordingly

AP homework should be designed to track student progress and provide differentiation based on individual learning needs. It can incorporate formative assessments, such as quizzes or AP assignments, that allow teachers to gauge student understanding and identify areas for improvement. Additionally, AP homework can offer differentiated tasks or extension activities to cater to varying levels of mastery and challenge students accordingly. This approach ensures that each student receives appropriate support and opportunities for growth, ultimately enhancing their learning experience and overall success in the AP course.

The Importance of Quality Over Quantity

Part of taking college-level courses, such as those offered through the AP program, is to prepare students for the responsibility of college-level assignments. Students who sign up for AP courses are made fully aware that this means they will be required to complete a greater amount of homework than what is typically required in non-college-readiness classes. Some educators mistakenly believe that the higher the quantity of AP assignments students receive, the more rigorous the course will be. Quantity does not, however, equal quality content and rigor.

Finding the appropriate level of homework for AP students can be tricky; after all, the whole point of high school students taking AP courses is to challenge them on a college level. High-achieving students tend to place a lot of pressure on themselves when striving for AP success, so when teachers give them too much homework—especially assignments perceived as busy work—it can take a toll on students’ mental health. 

According to a Challenge Success study, 67% of students consider homework to be a main source of stress and anxiety. 5 A certain amount of stress is expected while taking an AP class, of course, but to set students up for success in their AP course, it’s better (and healthier) to focus on assigning less homework with a higher level of rigor rather than large quantities of busy work.

*Data Source: The Horizon 6

Working Smarter (Not Harder) to Plan AP Homework Assignments

Creating fewer (but higher quality) AP assignments may sound simple enough, but rigorous homework requires a significant amount of time for both teacher planning and student completion. Assigning homework with UWorld’s Learning Tools for AP Courses , however, is one solution that can help educators and their students work smarter, not harder. With these tools, AP teachers can shift their focus from overwhelming students with a mountain of homework to prioritizing assignment quality over quantity.

By creating fewer but higher quality tasks with UWorld’s Learning Tools, teachers can ensure that each assignment truly helps students grasp the required AP course material and dispel any misconceptions they may have. As a result, students are able to master critical AP concepts efficiently, saving valuable time for everyone. This assignment efficiency, along with the effective feedback students receive on practice questions, creates a clear purpose for homework, motivating students to consistently complete their AP assignments in full.

Remember Your “Why”

There’s no getting around the fact that homework is an important part of AP courses. Finding the right balance with take-home AP assignments—the amount, the rigor, and the perceived purpose—can be tricky, even for the most seasoned AP educators. When in doubt, it’s a good idea to remember why we give students homework in the first place. It’s not just so students will be prepared to earn 4s and 5s on test day. Students are more than a score , and there’s a much bigger picture to consider. Homework that truly counts consolidates invaluable learning concepts, prepares students for the rigors of college, and provides opportunities for critical thinking and growth. 

*Source: Vanderbilt University 7

When striving to give students worthwhile take-home assignments, AP teachers can take a tip from the University of British Columbia’s Rob Peregoodoff. While responding to a social media post in 2020, the Director of Learning Services told teachers to “[be] authentic. To your students, and most importantly to yourself. Students know the distinction.” 7

Learn more about how UWorld strives to authentically support educators who want to provide their students with AP homework that counts with our Learning Tools for AP Courses . 

• Ballard, J. B. (2018, July 31). Do Americans think homework is helpful? . YouGov.com. https://today.yougov.com/topics/society/articles-reports/2018/07/31/homework-elementary-middle-high-school  
• Cooper, H., Robinson, J. C., & Patall, E. A. (2006). Does Homework Improve Academic Achievement? A Synthesis of Research, 1987–2003. Review of Educational Research, 76(1), 1–62. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543076001001  
• Reilly, K. (2016, August 30). Homework: Is it good for kids? here’s what the research says . Time. https://time.com/4466390/homework-debate-research/  
• The College Board ® . (2023). Take control of homework . Big Future. https://bigfuture.collegeboard.org/plan-for-college/college-prep/stay-motivated/take-control-of-homework  
• Challenge Success. (2020, August). Quality Over Quantity: Elements of Effective Homework . challengesuccess.org. https://challengesuccess.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Challenge-Success-Homework-White-Paper-2020.pdf  
• Boyd, C. (2021, March 3). Homework is stressing students out . Westwood Horizon. https://westwoodhorizon.com/2021/03/40490/
• Mcdaniel, R. (2021, January 11). Overcoming the “busywork” dilemma . Vanderbilt University. https://cft.vanderbilt.edu/2021/01/overcoming-the-busywork-dilemma/#:~:text=The%20busywork%20dilemma%20is%20where,which%20can%20be%20very%20frustrating .

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Best AP Classes

Ap classes for college admissions.

If you are a high school student, you have probably heard of AP classes, also known as Advanced Placement classes. Indeed, AP courses are an important part of the college process. However, you may be wondering how important they are and whether you should take AP classes. If you’re already familiar with AP classes, you may have more specific questions, like “How long are AP exams?” or “How do I get college credit for AP courses?”

In this article, we will break down many aspects of AP classes, including the benefits and challenges of the AP curriculum. Specifically, you’ll learn all about:

• What AP courses are
• AP credits and how they work
• Taking AP exams
• The best AP classes for college
• How to choose your AP courses
• The importance of AP classes in college admissions, and more!

Like many parts of the college process, your AP curriculum will depend on individual circumstances. As such, figuring out what is best for you is more important than what other students are doing. Indeed, choosing to take AP classes is a significant decision that will take a lot of time and effort on your part. However, if you’re ready to take on the challenge, the investment is certainly worth it in the long run.

Now, before we start exploring specific AP classes, let’s start by understanding exactly what they are. 

What does AP mean?

Let’s start with the basics : AP stands for Advanced Placement. The AP program was started in 1955 to encourage greater academic rigor on a national scale. The program is now run by the College Board, the same organization that runs the SAT and the PSAT . 

Advanced Placement courses give students the opportunity to take college-level courses. Throughout their AP courses, students prepare to take standardized AP exams. Later, we will discuss when and how to take the AP exams. 

Honors vs AP classes

Since AP classes are more advanced, you might be wondering what the difference is between honors courses and AP courses. Honors courses are generally more difficult than regular classes. However, they may or may not be as challenging as AP classes. Indeed, AP classes are intended to be college-level, meaning that the AP curriculum is designed by college professors. And, some AP exams are graded by college professors as well. 

When compared to honors classes, AP courses tend to be looked upon a bit more favorably by colleges. This is because of their national scale. While honors classes can be deemed “honors” by any high school, AP classes must have their syllabi approved by the College Board . This additional level of standardization means that colleges know with greater certainty what you are studying when you take AP courses. However, this does not mean that you should always take AP courses instead of honors courses. 

Later, we will discuss more about why you might take AP classes and how to decide which AP courses to take. 

What is an AP Class?

On a fundamental level, an AP class is an option for high school students looking to challenge themselves or prepare themselves for college with college-level coursework . However, AP class format and content differ greatly by subject. 

For example, AP Spanish Language and Culture classes will likely involve a lot of speaking. This is to prepare students for the spoken part of the AP Spanish Language and Culture exam. Meanwhile, an AP English Language and Composition class will likely assign a lot of writing. Consequently, on your AP English Language and Composition exam, you will need to write 3 written responses.

AP subjects

Additionally, each high school offers its own number and array of AP courses. Some schools offer nearly all of the 38 available AP courses. Others only offer a few or none at all. 

AP classes are offered in a variety of subjects. This includes the arts, English, history and social sciences, math and computer science, languages and cultures, and sciences. Here are some of the most popular AP classes:

• AP Calculus AB

AP United States History

• AP English Language and Composition

AP Chemistry

Ap statistics.

• AP Spanish Language and Culture
• AP Psychology
• AP Computer Science

Whether or not you can take an AP class in high school will depend on your high school’s requirements. Some schools may require students to pass a prerequisite course or meet another academic requirement to take an AP course. Additionally, AP courses can only be offered if a teacher has been trained in the AP curriculum format. As such, schools may have to alter their AP offerings due to teacher availability. Later, we will discuss more options for what to do if an AP course you want to take is not available at your school. 

How Important Are AP Classes For College Admission?

Without a doubt, AP classes play an important role in college admissions . At top universities, admissions officers are looking for students who are dedicated to their education. On a high school transcript, AP courses show admissions that you have challenged yourself, made the most of the opportunities provided to you, and have the skills and work ethic needed to succeed in a college-level course. 

However, keep in mind that AP courses are difficult. You should only sign up for an AP course if you are truly interested in the subject and know you can do well in it. Just as doing well in an AP course can show academic strength, doing poorly can show academic weakness.

Rather than signing up for AP Statistics simply because your friends are, take time to reflect upon your motivations and find out more about the teacher and what you will learn. You might learn that AP Statistics isn’t necessarily a good fit, but AP Calculus aligns with your goals and strengths.

Lastly, but most importantly, consider the decision to take AP classes within the context of your broader set of commitments. Managing your coursework and other commitments is a key part of maturing and showing that you are ready for the rigor of college. 

Myths about AP Courses

Before we move forward, we’d like to review some of the common myths that exist about AP courses within the context of the college admissions process. Here are a few that we can debunk right away:

Common Myths about AP Classes

“taking more ap courses is always better”.

Contrary to popular belief, more AP classes on your transcript is not always better. Instead, use your AP curriculum as a chance to explore topics of interest and build up your candidate profile. If you don’t think you will do well in your AP courses, it would be smart to opt for easier courses. Like we shared above, the goal is to demonstrate that you can ace difficult courses; biting off more than you can chew will not look good on a transcript. 

“The best AP classes for college are AP Calculus, AP Chemistry, AP English Language and Composition, etc…”

While there are some common AP courses that many students take, there aren’t really best AP classes for college. That’s because the best AP classes for college are the ones you will excel in and that you want to take. If taking AP Spanish Language and Culture or AP United States History sounds more interesting than AP English Language and Composition, then go that route. 

“AP courses give you college credit”

Actually, it is AP exam scores that can potentially give you college credit. We’ll dive a lot deeper into how you can gain AP credit in later sections. However, it’s important to understand that simply taking AP courses won’t give you college credits. 

“If my school doesn’t offer an AP curriculum, I can’t take AP courses or AP exams”

In fact, you can take AP classes online, and you can even register for an AP exam without having taken an AP course. Later, we’ll discuss ways in which you can still incorporate AP classes into your curriculum even if they aren’t offered at your school.

Now that we have debunked some common myths, let’s look at how AP courses and AP exams work.

Can you take an AP class online?

For students whose schools do not offer many Advanced Placement courses, there are opportunities to take AP courses online. These courses are typically completed over the summer. However, some providers offer flexible options like recorded classes.

Importantly, students will need to check with their high school to see if AP courses online can count towards their required high school credits. Before signing up for AP courses online, speak with your high school guidance counselor and make sure you are prepared for the time commitment and level of self-guided dedication needed to pass the course.

Taking AP Exams

In general, if a student has done well in an AP course, their instructor will encourage them to complete the corresponding AP exams. AP exams are subject tests based on the material taught in an AP course. They are offered once a year, generally in May. Some colleges offer college credit if you pass certain AP exams. AP exam scores range from 1 to 5. And, a 3 or higher is generally considered passing. 

You can also take an AP exam in a subject even if you did not take the course. Generally, we do not recommend doing so unless you have the time to study all the material independently or already have a strong grasp of the subject. Before signing up for an AP exam, take an AP practice exam online to see how well you can do. 

How long are AP Exams?

At this point, you might be wondering, “How long are AP exams?” AP exams are typically two to three hours long. Most include a combination of multiple-choice questions followed by free-response questions. However, there are different formats for certain AP subjects. For example, rather than a final exam, AP Art and Design students will submit a final portfolio of their work to be scored.

As we mentioned above, AP exams are offered in May. Consequently, AP exam scores are generally released in July. In order to do well on your AP exams, you’ll want to follow these key steps :

Keys Steps for Prepping for AP Exams

1. start preparing early.

Ideally, you will be absorbing material all year long. However, make sure you learn about the format of your AP exams early. Don’t wait until the last second to start studying for the AP exams. You might even consider doing a weekly check-in throughout the course to make sure you’re comprehending the material.  

2. Make a study plan

Most effective study plans include regular chunks of 15-30 minutes of reviewing topics. They also include taking at least 2-3 full-length practice AP exams. When taking practice exams, make sure to recreate the testing environment by setting timers, putting away cell phones, and completing the exam straight through without breaks. This way, your score will more accurately reflect the real test.

3. Practice self-care

In the days leading up to your test, get sufficient sleep and eat well. These habits help your body feel its best so you can think clearly during the exam. It certainly wouldn’t be wise to pull an all-nighter prior to your AP exams. Treat yourself well and trust that your hard work will pay off.

These tips will help you prepare for any AP exam, regardless of the subject matter.

What are AP Subject Tests?

Since they cover specific subjects , you may hear AP exams referred to as AP subject tests. However, “AP subject tests” is just another name for the AP exams. 

With that in mind, you could easily confuse the AP subject tests with SAT subject tests. SAT subject tests, also sometimes called SAT IIs, were once offered by the College Board. However, they were discontinued in 2021. These tests were similar to AP exams in that they were subject-based, but were shorter in length at only one hour long. They were only available for 20 subjects, whereas the AP exams are available in 38 subjects. When compared to the previously available SAT subject tests, more colleges accepted AP exam scores for AP class credit value since they were built around full courses. 

However, simply put, AP subject tests are AP exams. 

Understanding AP Classes and College Credit

Many students interested in AP courses online or at their school wonder, “What is AP credit?” Aside from giving you a boost in the college admissions process, AP scores may also lead to college credit . Additionally, they may allow students to place out of basic college courses and into more advanced ones; this is why they are called Advanced Placement classes. 

Taking AP exams for AP class credit value is a smart approach if you are hoping to graduate from college quickly. However, there are many caveats and limitations to this method. While answering the question, “What is AP credit?” may be simple, the requisites for gaining this college credit vary greatly by school. In the next section, we will dive deeper into the details of AP class credit value. 

Do AP Classes Count As College Credit?

As we shared above, one response to the question, “What is AP credit?” is that you can get college credit for taking AP exams. However, this transfer of credits is not guaranteed. It isn’t enough to simply take and pass an AP course. Most colleges base their AP credits on your AP exam score. While some colleges will provide credit if you receive a score of 3 or higher, many top colleges only provide college credit to students who earn a 4 or 5 on their AP exams. 

For example, if you want to gain AP credit for AP Calculus, you will need to take the AP Calculus exam in May and score at least a 3, if not a 4 or 5. Earning these top scores is not easy; you must prepare months in advance. If you do not receive the AP scores you want, you can retake your AP exams the following May. Keep in mind, however, that you will have to study, or even re-learn, all the AP Calculus content, which can take a substantial amount of time and effort.

Additionally, since you can select which AP exam scores to send to colleges, you could always choose to omit scores that are low, such as a 1 or 2, in an effort to present the most favorable view of your academic record.

How Do AP Credits Work?

A logical follow-up question to “What is AP credit?” would be “How do I earn AP credit?” To earn AP credit, you’ll need to send a score report to your college, showing which exams you’ve taken and the scores you received. Your college will then notify you of any qualifying scores and which courses you’ve received credit for. While some colleges will give you specific course credit, such as Statistics 101 credit for taking AP Statistics, others may only give you general elective credit. 

As we have shared, AP class credit value does not come strictly from taking the class. You must take the AP exam associated with your class. Still, taking the AP class does prepare you for the AP exam and demonstrates academic rigor in the college application process.

Some students decide to take AP courses online or self-study for an AP exam. While this is an option, it only makes sense if you already feel academically strong in a subject and can dedicate several months to studying for the AP exams. For example, perhaps you are a fluent Spanish speaker who wants to take the AP Spanish Language and Culture exam to get college credit. Even so, you should still study for the exam so you know the format and can ace it.

How AP credits impact college course load

If your AP scores are 3 or higher, you could qualify to gain college credit. At most colleges, you’ll need to satisfy their minimum number of credits, usually 120, to earn your degree. AP credits count towards this total, allowing some students to meet this requirement sooner and even graduate early. 

However, even if a college accepts your AP class credit value, you may wish to retake a class if it is related to your major. For example, let’s say you took AP Biology and AP Chemistry in high school and got a 4 on both the AP Biology and AP Chemistry exams. Once you get to college, you decide to be a pre-med biology major. You would probably still be advised to take biology in college, in order to ensure you are fully prepared for advanced coursework. Additionally, medical schools may want to see that you took biology and chemistry in college rather than just receiving credit for taking the AP Biology and Chemistry exams.

How Many Credits In An AP Class?

Now that we have explored the question, “What is AP credit?” let’s look at how many credits you can earn through your AP curriculum. A typical AP class is worth three credit hours in college, or one semester of a class. However, the exact amount will ultimately depend on the school you are applying to and how they calculate their course credit. You can search by AP course and college for their particular AP credit policy here .

Some schools even give more college credit for higher AP scores. For example, let’s use the example of a student who is going to Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey. This student has the following AP scores:

• AP Biology: 4 
• AP United States History: 4
• AP Chemistry: 5
• AP Statistics: 4

Rutgers offers an impressive 9 credits for students who score a 5 on the AP Chemistry exam and a 4 on the AP Biology exam. For their AP United States History and AP Statistics scores, this student would earn 3 credits. If we do the math, this student has earned 24 college credits before even stepping foot on campus. This is equivalent to two full-time semesters in college, meaning they could potentially graduate a year early. With the rising cost of college, this could save the student tens of thousands of dollars. Now, we can see how high AP scores can be a game-changer.

In later sections, we will talk about further considerations for taking AP classes, including what to expect in different AP classes and which are the best AP classes for college.  

What to expect from AP Courses

In the previous section, we discussed “what is AP credit?” and how to earn it. Now, let’s discuss what you can expect when you enroll in AP courses.

Advanced Placement (AP) courses are the pinnacle of academic rigor in high school education. They offer students a taste of college-level coursework while still within the confines of their secondary education. In recent years, the number of AP courses has expanded to meet the rising demand of students. Before adding one to your schedule, it’s important to understand what to expect from them.

Academic rigor

One key expectation from AP courses is increased rigor. AP courses challenge students with methodologies similar to college classrooms. While enrolled in AP classes, expect an AP curriculum that delves into complex topics, where rote memorization takes a backseat to comprehension and application.

While some AP courses may not require prerequisites, many come with recommended foundational skills. These prerequisites serve as a scaffold, giving students the tools to thrive in AP classes. Whether it’s mastery of algebra for AP Calculus or proficiency in biology for AP Biology,  prerequisites lay the groundwork for tackling the challenges of the AP curriculum.

Beyond increased rigor within AP classes, you can expect a fast-paced environment. AP courses are often accelerated compared to high school classes. With a need to complete the AP curriculum and excel on AP exams, AP courses get through material quickly, leading to heavier workloads and homework.

AP courses offer a unique academic landscape where students are empowered to explore, analyze, and excel. By understanding and embracing the expectations set forth by these AP courses, you can ensure success in your AP classes.

Exploring AP Classes in STEM

By taking Advanced Placement ( AP ) classes in STEM, students can delve deeper into science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Whether pursuing a career in medicine, engineering, or another STEM-related field, the AP curriculum in STEM courses offers students the opportunity to engage with complex topics critically.

If you are considering pursuing a major in a STEM field, you might consider enrolling in these AP courses.

AP STEM Classes

Ap calculus ab/bc.

Some of the most widely taken courses, AP Calculus AB and BC cover differential and integral calculus. In AP Calculus AB, students study limits, derivatives, and integrals. AP Calculus BC extends this to include parametric, polar, and vector functions. Both courses focus on problem-solving and real-world applications. AP Calculus AB equates to a first-semester college calculus course, while AP Calculus BC equates to first and second-semester college calculus courses.

Another math course you may want to consider is AP Statistics. AP Statistics is a course that introduces students to the major concepts and tools for collecting, analyzing, and drawing conclusions from data. In AP Statistics, students learn about descriptive and inferential statistics, probability, and experimental design. AP Statistics is equivalent to a one-semester college introductory statistics course.

AP Computer Science A/Principles

There are two courses offered in the realm of AP Computer Science. AP Computer Science A focuses on Java programming and object-oriented concepts, while AP Computer Science Principles covers foundational computer science concepts. Both emphasize problem-solving and applying computer science principles. AP Computer Science A is like a first-semester college-level programming course. Alternatively, AP Computer Science Principles is like a one-semester introductory college course in computer science.

AP Biology is a course that covers foundational principles of biology, including cellular structure and function, genetics, evolution, and ecology. In an AP Biology course, students conduct laboratory investigations to explore biological concepts and develop inquiry and analytical skills. AP Biology is equivalent to a two-semester college introductory biology course.

Another science course to consider is AP Chemistry, which covers fundamental concepts of chemistry, including atomic structure, chemical bonding, kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics. In AP Chemistry, students conduct laboratory investigations to deepen their understanding of chemicals. AP Chemistry is equivalent to a college introductory chemistry course.

Each of these STEM AP classes offer students a unique journey into the heart of their respective fields. Whether unraveling the mysteries of the natural world in AP Biology or AP Chemistry or mastering the intricacies of mathematical and data analysis in AP Calculus or AP Statistics, STEM AP courses empower students to become critical thinkers and problem solvers in an ever-evolving world.

AP Courses in the Humanities

If your interests lie in studying history, language, literature, philosophy, religion, and the arts, the AP curriculum covered in humanities AP courses may be for you. These AP classes allow students to delve deeply into these subjects, develop critical thinking skills, and engage with complex ideas and perspectives. 

If you are considering a career in the humanities, consider exploring these AP courses.

AP Humanities Classes

Ap english language and composition / literature and composition.

The College Board offers two AP courses in English. In the first course, AP English Language and Composition, students analyze non-fiction texts, including essays, speeches, and articles, and learn to craft persuasive and analytical essays. AP English Language and Composition is equivalent to a first-year college composition course.

On the other hand, AP English Literature and Composition focuses on studying literature, including novels, plays, and poetry. In this AP course, students analyze literary works, explore themes and motifs, and develop literary analysis and interpretation skills. AP English Literature and Composition is equivalent to a first-year college literature course.

One of the most difficulty but popular courses, AP United States History covers the history of the United States from pre-Columbian times to the present day. In AP United States History, students explore key events, themes, and developments in American history. AP United States History is equivalent to a two-semester college introductory United States history course.

AP World History

This course covers the history of civilizations from prehistory to the present day. In this course, students examine major developments, themes, and interactions between different societies and cultures throughout history. AP World History is equivalent to a two-semester college introductory world history course.

AP Art History

Advanced Placement Art History explores art history from prehistoric times to present. In this course, students analyze works of art from different cultures and periods, examine artistic techniques and styles, and explore the significance of art in various historical and cultural contexts. AP Art History is equivalent to a two-semester college introductory art history course.

AP Spanish Language and Culture / Literature and Culture

Two popular AP classes within the College Board’s World Languages and Cultures are AP Spanish Language and Culture and AP Spanish Literature and Culture. While these AP courses have similar names, there are some key differences. 

AP Spanish Language and Culture focuses on developing proficiency in Spanish language skills, including listening, speaking, reading, and writing. In AP Spanish Language and Culture, students explore Spanish-speaking cultures and develop intercultural communication skills. AP Spanish Language and Culture is equivalent to a fourth-semester college Spanish language course.

AP Spanish Literature and Culture, on the other hand, focuses on studying Spanish literature. In this course, students analyze literary works, explore themes and cultural contexts, and develop literary analysis and interpretation skills. AP Spanish Literature and Culture is equivalent to a third-year college Spanish literature course.

Whether studying world history, analyzing literature, exploring languages and cultures, or examining philosophical concepts, AP courses in the humanities offer a rigorous academic experience. Through these Advanced Placement (AP) courses, students develop analysis, interpretation, and communication skills.

More AP Classes to consider

In addition to the wide range of AP courses provided, here are some additional courses you should consider:

Other AP Classes

Ap language courses: chinese, french, german, italian, japanese, and latin.

These Advanced Placement (AP) language courses focus on developing proficiency in the target language, including listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. Students also explore the culture and society of the language they are studying. Completing these AP courses could provide an AP class credit value equivalent to intermediate to advanced levels in college language courses.

AP Physics Courses: Algebra-Based, Electricity and Magnetism, Mechanics

AP Physics courses cover fundamental physics principles. In AP Physics: Algebra-Based, students explore mechanics, motion, forces, and energy. Alternatively, in AP Physics: Electricity and Magnetism, students study electric and magnetic fields, circuits, and electromagnetic waves. In AP Physics: Mechanics, students focus on the principles of motion, forces, and energy. Completing these AP courses could provide an AP class credit value equivalent to a college-level introductory physics course.

AP Economics Courses: Macroeconomics, Microeconomics

AP Economics courses introduce students to the principles of economics. In AP Macroeconomics, students study economic indicators, fiscal policy, monetary policy, and international trade. In AP Microeconomics, students explore supply and demand, market structures, and resource allocation. Completing these AP courses could provide an AP class credit value equivalent to a college-level introductory economics course.

AP Arts Courses: Drawing, Music Theory, 2-D/3-D Art and Design

These Advanced Placement (AP) arts courses focus on developing artistic skills, creativity, and critical thinking in various art forms. In AP Drawing, students create and present a portfolio of their original artwork, demonstrating their proficiency in drawing techniques and artistic expression. On the other hand, in AP Music Theory, students study music theory concepts such as harmony, melody, rhythm, and form and develop musical analysis and composition skills. In AP 2-D/3-D Art and Design, students create and present a portfolio of their original artwork, demonstrating their proficiency in 2-D or 3-D design concepts and techniques. Completing these AP courses could provide an AP class credit value equivalent to a college-level introductory art or music course.

What Are the Easiest AP Classes?

Earlier in our article, we discussed “what is AP credit?” and AP class credit value. In our discussion, we mentioned how passing AP scores are required for college credit , leaving many students to wonder which AP classes are the easiest. One way to measure ease is to look at AP exam scores from past AP exams .  We have gathered data to show you which AP classes have the highest percentage of students earning a score of 3 or above on the AP exams within each College Board subject .

However, while passing AP exams is one way to consider the ease of the course, it’s essential to recognize that the difficulty of an AP class is subjective. You should consider other factors, such as how long are AP exams and which types of students take the AP exams. Furthermore, consider your own strengths as well as the caliber of instruction at your school. 

Easiest AP Classes

Ap drawing (84.8%).

An AP Drawing portfolio includes a sustained investigation and a section on selected works. Students must create a body of work demonstrating their artistic skills, creativity, and ability to communicate visual ideas. Achieving passing AP exam scores on this exam requires a strong portfolio showcasing exploration of a specific theme or concept and technical proficiency in various drawing media.

AP 2D Art & Design (83.6%)

The AP 2D Art & Design portfolio includes a sustained investigation and a selected works section focusing on 2D design principles. The portfolio may use various media such as photography, digital art, collage, and printmaking. Scoring a 3 or above on this exam requires a cohesive and well-executed portfolio demonstrating mastery of 2D design concepts, creative problem-solving skills, and effective visual communication.

AP English Literature & Composition (77.2%)

Students taking the AP English Literature & Composition exam will be tested on their ability to analyze and write about literary texts effectively. It consists of multiple-choice questions and three essay prompts. Achieving passing AP exam scores on this exam requires close reading skills, critical analysis, and the ability to craft coherent arguments about literature.

AP Comparative Government & Politics (70.8%)

The AP Comparative Government & Politics exam evaluates students’ understanding of comparative political systems and processes. It includes multiple-choice and free-response questions covering political institutions, political behavior, and comparative analysis of different countries’ governments. Achieving a score of 3 or above on this exam requires a comprehensive understanding of comparative politics concepts and the ability to analyze and compare political systems.

AP Calculus BC (78.5%)

While the AP Calculus BC exam has a high passing percentage, it is certainly not an easy exam. This exam assesses students’ understanding of differential and integral calculus at an advanced level. It includes multiple-choice and free-response questions covering limits, derivatives, integrals, and calculus applications. Achieving passing AP exam scores on this exam requires a strong grasp of calculus concepts and problem-solving skills.

AP Chemistry (75.1%)

For Advance Placement Chemistry, the exam evaluates students’ understanding of fundamental chemical principles. It includes multiple-choice and free-response questions covering chemical reactions, thermodynamics, and chemical equilibrium. Scoring a 3 or above on this exam requires a solid understanding of chemistry concepts, proficiency in laboratory techniques, and data analysis.

AP Physics C: Mechanics (73.5%)

Similarly, the AP Physics C: Mechanics exam assesses students’ understanding of classical mechanics principles, including kinematics, dynamics, and energy. It includes multiple-choice and free-response questions requiring students to apply physics principles to solve problems. Achieving a score of 3 or above on this exam requires a strong grasp of physics fundamentals and problem-solving skills.

AP Chinese Language and Culture (88.4%)

The majority of students tend to do well on AP language exams. The AP Chinese Language and Culture exam evaluates students’ listening, speaking, reading, and writing proficiency in Mandarin Chinese. It includes multiple-choice questions, a speaking section, and free-response questions that cover topics such as Chinese culture, society, and global issues. Scoring a 3 or above on this exam requires fluency in spoken and written Chinese, cultural awareness, and effective communication.

AP Spanish Language and Culture (83.8%)

Finally, the AP Spanish Language and Culture exam assesses students’ listening, speaking, reading, and writing proficiency in Spanish. It includes multiple-choice questions, a speaking section, and free-response questions that cover topics such as Spanish-speaking cultures, global issues, and personal experiences. Passing AP exam scores requires proficiency in spoken and written Spanish, cultural competence, and effective communication.

What Are the Hardest AP Classes?

In the previous section, we shared which AP classes have the highest percentage of students earning a score of 3 or above on the AP exams. Now, let’s look at some of the hardest AP exams. To do so, we’ll look at which AP courses have the lowest percentage of students earning a score of 3 or above on the AP exams . 

As previously mentioned, measuring the hardest AP exams is subjective. Here’s a tip: consider reaching out to students at your school to see how prepared they felt by their coursework to tackle the exam. You may also want to reach out to teachers at your school to see how their student’s passing percentages compare to these national statistics.

Hardest AP Classes

Ap music theory (60.7%).

One of the hardest AP exams within the arts AP courses is the AP Music Theory exam. It includes multiple-choice, free-response, sight-singing, and ear-training components. Achieving passing AP scores requires a solid understanding of music theory fundamentals, proficiency in musical analysis, and the ability to demonstrate musical skills.

AP English Language and Composition (56.1%)

Unlike AP English Lit, AP English Language and Composition is significantly more difficult. This exam evaluates students’ ability to analyze and interpret non-fiction texts, develop arguments, and communicate ideas effectively through writing. It consists of multiple-choice questions and three essay prompts. Scoring a 3 or above on this exam requires strong reading comprehension skills, critical thinking abilities, and effective writing strategies.

AP United States Government & Politics (49.2%)

Approximately half of students taking the AP United States Government & Politics exam earn a passing score. This challenging test assesses students’ understanding of the U.S. government and political system’s principles, institutions, and processes. It includes multiple-choice and free-response questions that require students to apply their knowledge of political concepts, analyze political data, and evaluate government policies and actions. Passing AP scores on this exam requires a comprehensive understanding of American government and politics.

AP US History (47.5%)

Another of the hardest AP exams is the exam for US History, which evaluates students’ knowledge of American history from pre-Columbian times to the present. It consists of multiple-choice, short-answer, and two essay prompts: a document-based question (DBQ) and a long essay question (LEQ). Scoring a 3 or above on this exam necessitates a deep understanding of historical events, trends, and themes and the ability to analyze historical sources.

AP Calculus AB (58%)

You may be surprised to find AP Calculus AB is more challenging for students than BC. The AP Calculus AB exam assesses students’ understanding of differential and integral calculus. It includes multiple-choice and free-response questions covering limits, derivatives, integrals, and calculus applications. Passing AP scores on this exam requires proficiency in calculus concepts and problem-solving skills.

AP Environmental Science (53.7%)

Another challenging STEM course is AP Environmental Science. The AP Environmental Science exam evaluates students’ understanding of environmental systems, sustainability, and human environmental impacts. It includes multiple-choice and free-response questions. Scoring a 3 or above on this exam requires a comprehensive understanding of environmental science concepts, the ability to analyze environmental data, and the ability to propose solutions to environmental issues.

AP Physics 1 (45.6%)

This is perhaps the most obviously difficult AP exam. As you can see, AP Physics 1 has the lowest pass rate among the hardest AP exams. This exam assesses students’ understanding of fundamental physics concepts such as mechanics, kinematics, and Newtonian physics. It includes multiple-choice and free-response questions. Passing AP scores on this exam necessitates a strong grasp of physics fundamentals and problem-solving skills.

AP Latin (56.7%)

Lastly, we have AP Latin. The AP Latin exam evaluates students’ Latin language and literature proficiency. It includes multiple-choice questions, a sight-reading passage, and free-response questions that require students to translate and analyze Latin texts and demonstrate their understanding of Latin grammar, vocabulary, and literary devices. Scoring a 3 or above on this exam requires a solid understanding of Latin grammar and syntax and the ability to interpret and analyze Latin texts.

What AP Classes should I take?

Since we’ve learned about some of the easiest and hardest AP exams, you may now be wondering which AP classes you should take. Whether you take AP courses online or in person, which AP classes you should take ultimately depends on you. 

Consider your interests

You should choose AP classes that align with your interests and goals . Choosing AP classes based on personal interests leads to a more rewarding academic experience because you’re more likely to enjoy the AP curriculum. While some students may feel pressured to take specific AP courses for their perceived prestige or to enhance their college applications, it’s essential to prioritize subjects that genuinely captivate you. For instance, enrolling in an AP Physics course solely for its reputation may not be beneficial if you lack enthusiasm for physics. 

Consider your intended college

Different colleges and universities have varying policies regarding which AP courses they accept for college credit. Therefore, research what AP credit is worth at your intended college and prioritize AP courses that align with one’s interests and academic pursuits to ensure a more enriching learning experience.

Consider your strengths

Beyond considering personal interests, students should consider factors such as academic performance and teacher rapport to select the right AP classes. If you excel in a certain subject, such as earning an A in Precalculus, transitioning to an AP Calculus course could be a natural progression. Likewise, positive relationships with instructors can enhance the learning experience. 

Be mindful that AP courses online have their pros and cons. Therefore, before enrolling in AP courses online, understand the setting and whether or not your learning style is conducive to excelling in AP courses online.

Best AP Classes for College

Early, we discussed “what is AP credit?” Now, let’s discuss how to choose the right AP classes for you to set yourself up for a successful academic career. When considering the best AP classes for college , the key is to prioritize genuine interest and academic success. 

First, you should opt for AP courses that align with your passions and strengths to enhance your learning experience and increase your likelihood of achieving high grades. 

Second, consider which AP courses align with your college or career goals. The best AP classes for college should connect with your intended college major. Taking AP courses in subjects relevant to your field of study can provide valuable preparation and a deeper understanding of the material.

Additionally, AP classes that satisfy college prerequisites can help streamline your academic path and potentially save time and money by earning college credit. Think about it: “What is AP credit?” if you can’t apply it to your degree? Don’t forget to consider how long are AP exams, how much they cost, and what it takes to earn a passing score.

Ultimately, when selecting the best AP classes for college, the goal is to balance academic challenge and personal interest. By selecting AP classes that resonate with your passions and align with your future goals, you can make the most of your high school experience and adequately prepare for college and beyond.

AP Classes – Final Thoughts

In conclusion, we’ve explored various topics surrounding AP classes and their significance for college admissions. From answering the question of “what is AP credit?” to looking at AP class credit value, we’ve covered the definition and value of AP classes. In addition, we examined the process of taking AP exams, including how long are AP exams, and delved into the relationship between AP classes and college credit.

We’ve also discussed the many available AP classes, including the option to take AP courses online. We gave you a wide range of AP classes that may suit your needs, from STEM subjects to humanities AP courses. Lastly, we emphasized the best AP classes for college should be guided by your interests, strengths, and future goals .  CollegeAdvisor supports you in making informed choices that will enhance your college applications and academic journey. Whether you’re navigating the world of Advanced Placement for the first time or seeking guidance on other things like self-care , standardized testing , or navigating your junior year , we’re here to help you succeed.

This article was written by senior advisors, Courtney Ng and Ashley Hollins . Looking for more admissions support? Click here to schedule a free meeting with one of our Admissions Specialists. During your meeting, our team will discuss your profile and help you find targeted ways to increase your admissions odds at top schools. We’ll also answer any questions and discuss how CollegeAdvisor.com can support you in the college application process.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Content accordion, what is an ap course.

An AP course is comparable to a course taught at any college or university.  AP courses are much more rigorous than high school college prep courses.  In all AP courses, students learn how to think critically and write clearly.

Committee members, sponsored by the College Board, put together a set of topics and objectives for each AP course.  Our AP teachers use these topics and objectives as a guideline for their curriculum.  The AP exams which are administered during the first weeks of May are comprised of problems from these objectives.  If a student passes an AP exam, then he/she may receive college credit.

In order to be permitted to use College Board's AP designation, all Parkview AP teachers have submitted syllabi for their courses, which have been approved by College Board.

Why take an AP course?

Earn college credit and advanced placement.

• Receive recognition from more than 3,600 colleges and universities that annually receive AP Exam scores. Over 90% of 4-year colleges in the U.S. provide credit and/or advanced placement for qualifying scores.
• Have time to move into upper-level courses in your field of interest, pursue a double major, or study abroad.
• Design a college experience that suits you and gives you the flexibility to get the most out of your college years.

Stand Out in the College Admissions Process

• Demonstrate your maturity and readiness for college.
• Show your willingness to take the most rigorous courses available to you.
• Emphasize your commitment to academic excellence.

Gain Skills that Will Help You Succeed in College

• Get a head start on college-level work.
• Improve your writing skills and sharpen your problem-solving techniques.
• Develop the study habits necessary for tackling rigorous course work.

Broaden Your Intellectual Horizons

• Be part of a community of students and educators who are passionate, curious, and committed to academic excellence
• Engage in intense discussions, solve problems collaboratively, and learn to write clearly and persuasively
• Take courses that are developed by leading professors to reflect the level of learning happening at colleges throughout the country.

(from Explore AP from the College Board)

Are AP classes hard?

Advanced Placement courses are just that: advanced. So, expect a challenge. You might find that your grade is lower than you are used to in an honors or CP class, and for that reason Gwinnett County Schools gives students ten extra points at the end of each semester’s AP class grade. A grade of 75 becomes an 85 at the end of the semester with the ten points added, for example.

How much homework will I have?

Expect to have more work each night than in non-AP courses, often an hour for each AP course for each hour spent in class. Students who  have a job and work more than 20 hours a week or spend more than three hours a day with extracurricular activities or sports will find time management a challenge.

How many AP courses can / should I take?

While colleges look for students to challenge themselves with AP courses, it is also important to consider what you are comfortable with. Some highly motivated, high achieving students can manage five and six AP courses while other students may find two to three to be an appropriate challenge for them. 

How do I earn college and high school credit by taking an AP course?

By enrolling in and passing each semester of an AP course, you earn high school credit. In order to receive college credit, you must take the AP exam in that course in May and earn a 3 or higher. You must check with the college you are interested in attending to know what they accept for credit.  Link to college board site with more information on earning credit.

Does it cost anything to take an AP course?

While there is no fee for the class, there is a fee for the test. Currently, students may take their first test for only and administrative fee of $10; every other test they take that year is $91. So, if you are taking three AP classes this year, you would pay $10+$91+91. Students who are eligible for free or reduced lunch also get a reduction on their test fees. 

How does taking an AP course affect my HOPE Scholarship chances?

HOPE Scholarships require a 3.0 average. In consideration of the HOPE Scholarship, the extra ten points awarded by GCPS are taken away, and HOPE calculates the grade with an extra .5 points. So, if your grade in the course is an 85, with the ten points you get a 95. Hope re-calculates this so that your 85 is a 3.0 on a 4.0 scale, and for taking the AP course they give you an extra .5, which would make your HOPE grade a 3.5.

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Your AP scores could earn you college credit or advanced placement (meaning you could skip certain courses in college). Use this tool to find colleges that offer credit or placement for AP scores.

5 Tips for Completing AP Summer Homework

A cross the United States and abroad, thousands of high school students are enrolling in and preparing for Advanced Placement (or AP) courses. The AP curriculum is rigorous, and as a result, many AP programs assign homework during the summer. Although this homework carries a significant cost in time and effort for reluctant students, it can help you maintain and strengthen your academic skills during the long summer months.

The total “cost” can move well beyond time and effort, however — if you reach the week before school begins without having completed this assigned homework, you may run the very real risk of struggling in the class before it even starts. Even if your AP summer homework is not factored into your regular grade (and at many high schools, it is), you could be starting the academic year at a disadvantage.

Luckily, AP summer homework is not insurmountable. If you are facing a mountain of required reading, problem sets, and essays, here are several tips and tricks that can help you complete your AP summer homework:

Acknowledge its importance

For AP-level students, one of the most challenging aspects of summer homework is believing in its importance. “It’s summer!” your mind might unhappily shout. “Summer is for fun!” Unfortunately, the reality is that true learning is a continuous process. Completing your AP homework does not need to be an all-consuming task (and reaching that state is unhealthy), but it does need to be a task this summer. Think of it this way — world-class athletes do not train for part of the year. They instead follow a consistent schedule that varies in intensity. The summer is a time that your brain can use to recharge, but it still needs stimulation. Consider your AP homework that stimulation.

Create a schedule

Before you begin your AP homework, make a plan. On the first day of summer vacation, it may seem as though you have months in which to do your work, but this time quickly disappears. Procrastinating can be a recipe for disaster.

To ensure you remain on schedule, purchase a calendar and set milestones in pen. Do leave time to enjoy a family vacation or an outing with friends. If you have two books to read for AP English Literature and Composition, for example, note the page counts, and divide the total pages by the days until school begins. This is your daily minimum.

Reward your progress

Write each of your milestones, or goals, on an index card with the target date of completion and a reward for adhering to that schedule. Post these index cards where you will see them — beside your television, next to your laptop, on the refrigerator, etc. Choose a reward that is truly motivating, such as seeing a highly anticipated movie. If you tend to procrastinate, consider leaving a favorite video game or personal possession with a friend or family member who will only return the item to you when you reach your goal.

Stay in contact with classmates and teachers

Summer homework is far less beneficial if you do not understand the assignment. Some AP teachers will provide you with a reading guide for AP United States History or an answer key for your AP Calculus BC problems. You can also look for relevant resources online. Ask if your teacher welcomes questions over summer vacation, or start a study group with your classmates. Without the consistent feedback that you receive during the school year, it can be difficult to know when your summer homework is done well. Communicating with your classmates and/or teachers can help you avoid that uncomfortable, sinking feeling when you reach the first test of the school year, only to find that your leisurely pool-side skimming of A Tale of Two Cities was insufficient.

Continually challenge yourself

The best architects, athletes, doctors, lawyers, teachers, and, yes, students become better at their trades by constantly challenging themselves. Signing up for an AP class certainly counts as a challenge, but once you have your AP summer assignments in hand, begin looking for ways to improve your knowledge base and your performance as a student. This advice is doubly true if your AP program does not assign much (or any) summer homework. Seek out AP practice tests in AP Biology or AP Statistics, and experiment with the problems they contain. Not only can you work these problems into the schedule you created, you can also utilize them to identify your class-specific strengths and weaknesses. If you are focusing on courses that are literature-heavy, look for each class’s reading list, and get a head start on the books that will be assigned early in the school year. It can seem near-impossible to motivate yourself in the summer months, but come fall, you will likely be very glad you did. Good luck!

Brian Witte is a professional SAT tutor with Varsity Tutors . He earned his Bachelor of Science from the University of Washington and holds a Ph.D. from The Ohio State University.

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AP Class Workload: How Much Homework?

• Thread starter jbmiller
• Start date Apr 17, 2012
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• Apr 17, 2012
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I haven't done the AP but an educated guess (I've had a brief stint in an IB program and I did the A-Levels) is that it likely won't be too hard, while being challenging enough. AP courses will usually cover more ground than your usual high school courses but again, remember that they are aimed at high school students, so it can't be *that* hard. Don't worry about it to much. Cross the bridge when you get to it. Or swim to the other side. (lame, but I couldn't help it :P)  

It's hard relative to a normal high school student. They are comparable to intro college courses, which for some subjects is not trivial. And I think the humanity type AP's are harder than their college counterparts  

Thanks for the feedback. So do you guys think you could give me a rough estimate of how much homework would be involved?  

The amount of homework you'll get for your AP classes depends entirely on the teachers, but you do have to do some work to get 5's on the AP test. I didn't/haven't found them very difficult, but it really depends on you and whether or not you want to put in the necessary amount of work to be successful. If you're dedicated to doing well in them, you can do well in the class and on the test. Another factor to consider is the number of AP classes you'll be taking. If you take a lot in one year, then you can expect a substantial increase in workload relative to not taking any AP classes.  

That helps a lot Lambda, thanks. This year I wasn't quite dedicated and frankly I didn't really care about any of my subjects. Next year things will change drasctically, I'm already excited about my classes next year. All of my friends are talking about how they can't wait til summer and I just tell them how ecstatic I am for the following years. I will be taking 6 AP classes, and I plan to get a GPA in the range of 3.9+ in the next 3 years. As for the AP test, can you give me a mental picture of what the test are like?  

jbmiller said: As for the AP test, can you give me a mental picture of what the test are like?

It depends on which AP class you take and what your teacher is like. The only AP class I took in high school was AP Langauge & Literature. It was more or less comparable to a college-level English class. It was also more serious work and less busywork than a regular high school class.  

Related to AP Class Workload: How Much Homework?

1. how much homework can i expect to have in an ap class.

The amount of homework in an AP class can vary depending on the subject and the teacher. However, on average, you can expect to have 1-2 hours of homework per night.

2. Will I have more homework in an AP class compared to a regular class?

Yes, AP classes are designed to be more challenging and rigorous than regular classes. This means that you will likely have more homework and assignments to complete.

3. How can I manage the workload in an AP class?

To manage the workload in an AP class, it is important to stay organized and prioritize your assignments. Make a schedule and set aside specific times for studying and completing homework. Don't be afraid to ask for help from your teacher or classmates if you are struggling with the workload.

4. Is it possible to have too much homework in an AP class?

Yes, it is possible to have too much homework in an AP class. It is important to communicate with your teacher if you feel overwhelmed by the workload. They may be able to provide additional support or adjust the workload to make it more manageable.

5. How can I balance the workload in an AP class with my other commitments?

Balancing the workload in an AP class with other commitments, such as extracurricular activities or a part-time job, can be challenging. It is important to prioritize your responsibilities and manage your time effectively. This may involve making sacrifices, such as cutting back on certain activities, to ensure that you are able to keep up with the workload in your AP class.

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Exactly How Many AP Classes Should You Take? | AP Experts

Advanced Placement (AP)

If you're an advanced student aiming for top colleges, or you're a student who wants to save on tuition by getting college credit in high school, taking Advanced Placement classes is a great option.

However, you might be wondering, "just how many AP classes should I take?" You can save a lot of money and make your transcript pretty impressive with lots of AP classes. However, if you overdo it, you could actually hurt your GPA and lose time for other important activities—like extracurriculars and ACT/SAT studying.

So what's the magic number? We'll look at different factors to help you decide the right amount of AP classes for you.

Why Take AP Classes?

Before we get into the numbers, it's important to remember your reasons for taking AP classes in the first place. This will help you consider your options and make the best choice for your long-term goals.

Taking and passing an AP class and its exam proves you are capable of an intro-level college course. Many colleges will give you credit for higher class standing for passing AP scores. (To find out any college's particular policy, see the database at the AP website .)

AP classes are also a great way to explore classes you might want to take in college—like economics, psychology, or computer science.

Finally, taking AP classes is a great way to challenge yourself and also to show colleges you're taking on the toughest courses available to you.

But take note: the point is not to "collect them all." Colleges will not automatically favor applicants with the most AP courses, especially if they start to drag down your GPA or if you don't pass the exams.

In short, APs can be a huge boost to your college application, but if you take too many, they could actually hurt your chances.

How Many AP Classes Should I Take to Impress Colleges?

One of the most important factors for how many AP classes you should take is the competitiveness of the schools you're interested in applying to.

For Less Selective Colleges and State Schools

For these schools, the number of AP classes you take is up to you and your goals —for example, which classes would you want to get over with in high school so you can focus on harder classes in college? This is because most state schools accept AP classes for credit (again, check the AP database for more info) but don't require them for admission.

You only get credit if you pass the exams, so don't overload yourself with AP classes and spread your studying thin. It's better to get two 4s than four 2s! ( Read all about AP scoring here .)

For More Selective Colleges or State School Honors and Scholarship Programs

For more selective schools—or honors programs and scholarships at state schools— it's important to show you are taking the most challenging courses available to you, which includes AP courses if your school has them. There is no "magic number" of AP courses for the most selective colleges, especially because course availability changes so much from high school to high school.

For example, Harvard College says on their admissions website, " Most of all, we look for students who make the most of their opportunities and the resources available to them , and who are likely to continue to do so throughout their lives … You should demonstrate your proficiency in the areas described below by taking SAT Subject Tests, Advanced Placement tests, and International Baccalaureate tests ."

The University of Pennsylvania's website notes, " We expect that every student who applies to Penn will challenge themselves in high school based on the opportunities offered at their school ... Every high school is different, though, so we will review your school’s profile to best understand the types of courses available to you , your school’s grading scale, and the ways you can challenge yourself with extracurricular or post-secondary activities."

Out on the West Coast, Stanford says, "We expect you to challenge yourself throughout high school and to do very well. The most important credential for evaluating your academic record is the high school transcript. Please know that our evaluation of your application goes beyond any numerical formula. There is no minimum GPA or test score; nor is there any specific number of AP or honors courses you must have on your transcript in order to be admitted to Stanford."

Note that Stanford specifically says there is no certain number of AP courses you should take, but that the transcript is the most important part of the evaluation and that they expect you to challenge yourself.

Translation? If you are going for the most competitive colleges, you should take the toughest core courses available at your school —including AP English Literature and/or Language , Calculus or Statistics (or both!), US , World , or European History , and at least one of the sciences (Biology, Chemistry, Physics). You should also take APs in non-core subjects that are interesting to you—like Psychology, Economics, or Computer Science.

That said, you won't impress colleges with a laundry list of AP courses, especially if they have no relation to what you want to study, and especially if it drags down your GPA or you don't pass the exams. The goal is to challenge and enrich your high school curriculum, not to spread yourself thin.

So What's the Right Number of AP Classes?

You need to challenge yourself, but not overload your schedule. Also keep in mind your target schedule depends on which type of college you are trying to get into, and the AP availability at your school. As a general rule, you should aim for the following AP class numbers:

Most Selective Schools (Top 20): APs in most or all of the core courses (English, Mathematics, Science, History, and Foreign Language), plus additional AP courses that relate to your goals, future major, or interests. This will end up being between 7 and 12 AP courses.

Selective Schools (Top 100): APs in most core courses, plus one or two additional courses. This will end up being between 4 and 8 AP courses.

Less Selective Schools: APs in some core courses, or in courses related to your anticipated major. This will end up being between 1 and 5 AP courses.

But how do you fit these courses into a four-year high school plan? This is our suggested schedule for a relatively ambitious student:

Freshman Year: Consider taking one or two AP classes that are less demanding and build on skills from middle school, including Environmental Science, Human Geography, or Psychology. In your core courses, take honors classes if possible so you can begin earning prerequisite skills for tougher AP classes down the line.

Sophomore Year: Take one to three AP classes. Consider adding a more challenging AP class, like World History or US History, and one or two less-demanding APs. Continue to take honors courses if possible in your other core classes.

Junior Year: Based on your experience and scores from freshman and sophomore year, start taking APs in core classes, for example AP English, AP Calculus, or AP Biology. Take as many as you can handle without spreading yourself thin, and make sure you will have time to study for the ACT or SAT this year. An Ivy League hopeful might take 3 to 5 AP classes, while if you're aiming for less-selective schools, 2 to 4 would be enough.

Senior Year: Take more APs in core subjects and additional subjects, again being careful not to overburden your schedule and to leave time for college applications. It's not uncommon for applicants to highly selective schools to have as many as 5 or 6 AP classes senior year, but keep your own schedule and limits in mind. Adding one more AP class will not have a huge effect on your college chances at this point, but it could significantly reduce the time you spend on applications and therefore hurt your admission chances.

Be careful about burning yourself out, especially senior year. You will need to devote lots of time and energy to your college apps!

Below is a chart summarizing the above information. And again, these rules aren't hard and fast, as there is no set formula for admission to the most selective schools. The bottom line is to take the most challenging cour se load you can handle while also doing very well academically.

Other Factors to Consider

Your target schedule could also look different if you spend a huge amount of time on one activity, like playing an instrument or doing a sport, speech and debate, or college-level research. This is especially true if you compete or participate at a national level.

When choosing AP classes, prioritize subjects that are genuinely interesting to you and you would like to continue in college before you choose AP classes just for the sake of AP.

Also, think about your grade level and experience with AP classes before signing up. Don't jump into four AP classes your sophomore year if you've never taken them before. Learning how to study for the exams and pacing yourself is tough. This can be hard with just one or two exams, let alone a handful.

Plus, in many subjects you won't be able to acquire the necessary pre-requisites for AP courses until your junior and senior year. For example, AP English is usually taught junior or senior year, most students won't have the pre-requisites for AP Calculus until junior year at least, and for the sciences—Biology, Chemistry, and Physics—most high schools have a recommended sequence that doesn't have students taking the AP courses until sophomore year at the very earliest.

This is why many students begin with courses like AP Human Geography or Psychology in freshman or sophomore year. The exams are comparatively less difficult, and younger students are more likely to have completed prerequisite courses for them.

If you do well on the first exam or exams you take, you can consider taking on more in junior and senior year, but again, be careful about overloading.

Mistakes to Avoid

How do you know if you've overdone it? If you find your grades slipping in non-AP classes or if you're having a hard time keeping up with your usual sports and/or extracurriculars, you might have overloaded yourself.

Don't give into peer pressure—just because you have a friend who has taken 10 AP exams doesn't mean you have to do the same. College applications are considered holistically, so it's important to keep your overall GPA, ACT/SAT scores, and activities intact.

Again, one extra AP class won't make or break your admissions chances, but if it causes your GPA to fall or your performance in extracurriculars to suffer, it could be hurting you.

Make sure you are leaving ample time to study for either the SAT or ACT. Your score on that will have a huge effect on your admissions chances— as well as scholarship eligibility at other schools .

Finally, have back-up plans ready when you sign up for classes. For example, if you start BC Calculus but realize it's too tough, see if it's possible to transfer down to AB Calculus. Also be prepared to switch into an honors or regular classes if an AP class is eating up too much of your life and hurting your GPA.

Talk to your guidance counselor before signing up for AP classes to find out the protocol for changing your schedule mid-year.

Is It Worth It To Self-Study?

Is it possible to study for an AP exam on your own ? Is it worth it? It's actually not uncommon for students to not take an AP class but study on their own and just take the AP exam.

This often happens if a school doesn't offer a more niche AP, like Art History or Latin, or if a certain AP class doesn't fit into your schedule.

Here's the thing: self-studying only works if you are very disciplined. Most students who take AP exams have taken a class for the whole year, and all of the assignments and tests that come with it, to prepare.

Replicating that on your own can be tough, especially if you have a full class schedule and other commitments.

Be prepared to plan ahead to fit a self-studied AP exam into your schedule.

That said, if there is a topic you are really interested in but can't take, and you are committed to self-studying, that kind of initiative and self-discipline is very impressive, especially to colleges—if you pass the exam.

I would wait to self-study until you have already taken at least one AP exam through a class. That way you will have an idea of how much you need to learn and what it takes to study for an AP exam. Also talk to your guidance counselor and ask if they know of any students at the school who have successfully self-studied for an AP exam.

Tips for Self-Studying

#1: Gather your resources . At the very least you should have a prep book for the exam you're taking, but if possible, try to find the following:

• A teacher at your school who can answer questions about the subject if you ever get stuck or lost. For example, if you are self-studying for European History, ask your history teacher if any of the history teachers at your school have background in that area.
• Additional materials, like a textbook for the subject. Your school might have old textbooks lying around, especially if they used to teach the class or some variant of it.
• A private tutor, especially if there is a college or university nearby. (College students who have recently taken AP exams often make great tutors, and often charge less than private companies.)

#2: Develop a year-long strategy. You can't self-study for an AP exam in just a few months. Create monthly content goals. You can do this based on units or sections in your prep book. Remember to schedule time for practice exams in the spring!

#3: Set weekly study times. Build your self-study into your schedule like it's a class or extracurricular activity. By doing a steady amount of work each week, you will have time to learn enough content to do well on the exam and won't face a time-crunch in the spring.

For more tips, check out our guides on how to self-study and the best APs to self-study . Also, make sure studying for this AP exam doesn't replace time you would use to study for the ACT or SAT—those tests ultimately carry much more weight in college admissions.

What's Next?

We mentioned how important the SAT and ACT can be. The first step to studying is deciding which one to take! Find out how with our exclusive guide.

Once you've chosen the SAT or ACT, you will also need to develop a study schedule. Use our guide so you can fit in study time alongside your AP courses and other commitments!

Finally, get tips from our full scorer on the SAT and ACT —even if you're not aiming for 100% perfection, these tips will help you improve your score, both on the SAT/ACT and AP tests.

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Halle Edwards graduated from Stanford University with honors. In high school, she earned 99th percentile ACT scores as well as 99th percentile scores on SAT subject tests. She also took nine AP classes, earning a perfect score of 5 on seven AP tests. As a graduate of a large public high school who tackled the college admission process largely on her own, she is passionate about helping high school students from different backgrounds get the knowledge they need to be successful in the college admissions process.

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how many hours/day or week does your child spend on homework for ONE AP class?

<p>I have two sons (a junior and a frosh) who go to a Catholic High school. The school’s handbook says 20-30 minutes of homework per day per class including weekends (so, 3 - 4 hours per night for all subjects; 3 1/2 hours per class/per week; or (depending whether you are taking 7 or 8 classes) about 25 hours per week of homework. (The kids are in class from 8am - 3:05 pm – about 6 1/2 hrs of classtime per day.)</p>

<p>My junior son is taking AP Bio and AP Euro (last year he took AP US Hist). His AP Euro teacher thinks that she is allowed to assign unlimited homework. She talked to my frosh son’s class and told them if they wanted to sign up for an AP class next year to expect as much homework each night from that class as an EC takes (such as basketball practice everyday for 2 - 3 hours). I think that she is nuts. My son’s AP teacher last year and his AP Bio teacher assign reasonable homework, but this lady is just nuts. </p>

<p>How much time do your kids spend everynight on one AP class? (if homework is not assigned everynight, please give a week’s average and then divide by 7.</p>

<p>Depends on the teacher and the AP. I took AP Euro in my sophomore year. I lived, slept, and breathed AP Euro for the ENTIRE year until May. By March, everyone’s eyes had semi-permament racoon marks and it took all summer to get rid of those… but those were our signature for our hard work. Generally, it was about 10-12 hours a week, reading the text, researching, and writing papers.</p>

<p>After that, my AP workload was easier (USH, Econ, Gov, Psych)- ranging from 2-8 hours a week for each class (2 hours for Psych and 8 for Gov). It really depends on whether the teacher assigns more things than just doing the reading for the text. The more time-consuming APs that I had had more paper writing and some additional readings.</p>

<p>AP Euro, APUSH, and AP Physics are probably the two most demanding popular AP classes so even if you compare with other high schools, a lot of work is still involved because the amount of material needed to know and to master before the exam. </p>

<p>AP Euro WAS my EC as I spent almost every day in the library during after-school hours!</p>

<p>I’ve taken three AP’s so far:</p>

<p>AP Euro: 1-3 hours every other night AP Calc: .5-2 hours every night AP Stats: .5-1 hour every other night</p>

<p>This year I spend:</p>

<p>AP Euro: 3-4 hours/week once a week only.</p>

<p>AP Calc: 1 hour 4 nights/week</p>

<p>AP Eng Lit/Comp: 20 mins/night 2-3 nights/week not including very occasional essay.</p>

<p>Last year I spent:</p>

<p>AP US: 2-3 hours/week once a week only not including occasional essay.</p>

<p>AP Art History: 1-2 hours a week, 1-2 times a week</p>

<p>AP Eng Lang/Comp: 2-3 hours a week, 2-3 times a week, not including occasional essay/project.</p>

<p>it’s been a couple of years, but here’s what I remember (grouped by how much time I spent on them):</p>

<p>AP CompSci AB - I did almost all of my work in class; maybe 1-2 hrs outside per week at the most (teacher didn’t really assign out-of-class work) AP Calc BC - less than 30 min 4 days a week. keep in mind that math is my strong point and I really didn’t do any work for that class. at all. AP Psych - two hours a week at the beginning of the year, nothing after about december b/c my teacher stopped really giving homework</p>

<p>AP Physics C - 1 hour 4 days a week AP German Language - don’t remember, but probably 4-5 hours a week</p>

<p>AP English Language - approx 8 hours a week (varied depending on when we had reading & when we had papers) AP US History - 8 hrs per week (2 hrs per day 4 days a week) AP Bio - about the same as APUSH</p>

<p>I don’t think any of my 2 kids’ AP teachers had any restrictions placed on them for homework assignments. Both spent maybe .5-2 hours per night on the English and History courses…D spent a good 2 hrs. per night on Portfolio…S spend anywhere from 1-3 hrs. per night on Calc BC and Chem…all in addition to 1 or 2 varsity sports per year, Habitat and other ECs, plus part-time jobs.</p>

<p>The good thing for you is your frosh son already knows what he can expect from the Euro teacher…and has the choice to take that course or another one - unless Euro is a grad requirement at your HS?</p>

<p>It all depends on the teacher and how “college-y” the teacher designs the course to be. For the Ap U.S. history and Euro classes my sons have taken, about 2-3 hours a night at least 4 nights a week, and a lot of time on weekends as well-- a lot of reading, not just in the text but outside reading as well, and a lot of papers, both short and long, with revisions being made while new papers were being worked on. The history department at our high school is strong and the teachers wanted to be sure that the students were producing college-quality work. The sciences also have heavy workloads because of all of the formal lab reports the students are required to do. Biology wasn’t bad, but Chemistry was a lot of work. Each class also had papers due. My oldest son took both years of AP Latin–very easy. The AP English classes had about an average reading load (Maybe an hour a night?) but required a LOT of writing and some in-class presentations. As in history, students would be working on new papers while revising old ones. The AP math wasn’t too bad–just an average homework load, no papers.</p>

<p>Basically, it should be the same load as college because it’s a college level class—2 to 3 hours of preparation for each hour of class. Unfortunately, because it’s high school, the kids have more classes.</p>

<p>Because the kids don’t want to give up their ECs, sleep tends to go by the wayside for weeks at a time. Not a pretty sight.</p>

<p>The teacher’s not nuts. There’s no way to cover the AP Euro curriculum at 30 minutes/night.</p>

<p>Kate: I said that she is nuts because she thinks that she should have no restrictions at all. She thinks that she can assign 3 -4 hours of homework each night for AP Euro. My junior son takes 8 classes, including AP Bio, Physics and pre- Cal. If the AP Bio & Physics teacher had the same attitude as she does, my son would have 9-12 hours of homework EACH NIGHT for those classes PLUS homework in Pre-Cal, English, Spanish, etc…! That would be about 10-15 hours of homework each night. Her attitude is nuts.</p>

<p>boysx3: “Basically, it should be the same load as college because it’s a college level class—2 to 3 hours of preparation for each hour of class. Unfortunately, because it’s high school, the kids have more classes.”</p>

<p>Actually the guideline for college is ONE hour of homework per week for every ONE credit. Meaning that if one is taking 16 credits in a semester, the student should expect an additional 16 hours of homework a week for a total of 32 hours. (not 32 - 48 hours of homework per week plus 16 hours of class). </p>

<p>No one could have a part-time job in college if 48 - 64 hours a week had to be devoted to class time and homework each and every week.</p>

<p>jlauer95–if you know this lady is requiring 3-4 hours of homework for just one class every day, why take the class? Is it worth it?</p>

<p>mstee: When my son signed up for her class, he had no idea that she assigned that much homework because she was new to the school. She also teaches AP Gov/Econ so my son doesn’t want to take her class next year. However, since their school is small, they don’t offer that many AP classes. colleges do wonder why a kid doesn’t take offered AP classes (since a list of offered classes is included with transcripts) so there is pressure to take her class.</p>

<p>Since she isn’t going to leave the school, I am trying to make a case to the principal for her to give less written homework, or at least, give more time to complete it.</p>

<p>I do not have a high opinion of the AP program in general. I know some schools that are dropping AP classes and, at the same time, strengthening their curriculum. They are teaching the subject matter at a very high level–like a college class, but aren’t calling it “AP”. Their students take the AP tests in May and do quite well on them, scoring almost exclusively 4’s and 5’s. Teachers I know don’t like the restrictions placed them by the CB and feel like their courses have become somewhat “canned”. A good teacher can create a course that requires high-level thinking and get outstanding results without purchasing the AP program. Sometimes it seems to me AP programs are largely a money-making racket that has been bought into by many high schools and colleges while CB is laughing all the way to the bank!!</p>

<p>As far as the seemingly unreasonable amount of homework assigned by this teacher, my suggestion would be to discuss it with her and, if necessary, have a conference with her and her principal. My experience has been that when teachers give a lot of homework, they are doing a lot of work themselves and have the students’ best interest at heart.</p>

<p><<<sometimes it=“” seems=“” to=“” me=“” ap=“” programs=“” are=“” largely=“” a=“” money-making=“” racket=“” that=“” has=“” been=“” bought=“” into=“” by=“” many=“” high=“” schools=“” and=“” colleges=“” while=“” cb=“” is=“” laughing=“” all=“” the=“” way=“” bank!!=“”>>></sometimes></p>

<p>could be. And the tests could be so much cheaper if they got rid of the essays so that they didn’t have to pay readers.</p>

<p>my D is taking 1 AP class- she is in 10th gd and taking AP Euro- she is also taking a Marine Science class that is easily as rigourous as an AP, as well as honors English which is difficult for her with her dyslexia as is 2nd year Spanish. Since the AP class is very difficult and time consuming although she has one of the best teachers in the school- I agreed with her not to take the AP test. I want her to take the most challenging courses that are appropriate, but at this point we are thinking about colleges that do not require testing and I don’t see how spending $80 and three hours for a test is going to impact her college admissions more than the other things that she does on the weekends ( like her ECs) She will take a practice AP test that will be held in class- and I may look at programs designed to help students do better on testing in general- but for now- just that she has gone from being in special education to honors classes in one of the most rigourous public schools in the state is enough without requiring her to take the AP test overall she probably spends 7 hours a week on homework for AP- that includes reading.</p>

<p>I would have your son talk to the teacher rather than going in person. He could ask a few others in the class if they agree, and maybe present a few of their concerns to the teacher with a few suggestions: same amount of reading without time-consuming questions, or fewer essays, or the like.</p>

<p>So far my kid has taken AP Computer Science (almost no homework), AP Biology (.5-1 hour a night), AP US History (.5-1 every night with several term papers that add time), AP Calculus (almost no homework), AP Physic C (.5 or less). The trouble with courses like biology or history is that they are survey courses, but the high school teacher has no leeway in what to emphasize or not, because there is no way to know what will actually be on the exam. The result is that more material may be covered than in an actual college class. Here in NY where we start school after labor day and take a Feb and spring break - there’s less time to cover the material as well. The AP teachers here have good reputations for preparing the kids well enough - 80% of most classes get a 4 or 5. By the way, kids are required to take the AP if they take the class.</p>

<p>This varies. At my school we’re supposed to spend a total of 12 hours a week on each 4 credit class (6 hours out of class per week for a 4 credit class that meets for 6 hours a week).</p>

<p>“As far as the seemingly unreasonable amount of homework assigned by this teacher, my suggestion would be to discuss it with her and, if necessary, have a conference with her and her principal. My experience has been that when teachers give a lot of homework, they are doing a lot of work themselves and have the students’ best interest at heart.”</p>

<p>That’s how I define the best AP teachers who are looking for successes for their students. Don’t think that this teacher is at home watching tv while your son is reading away. She IS also using her time at home to grade papers and plan lectures. Her part is also time-consuming and the only way it can show is how tired she appears when she’s NOT in class teaching. My classmates and I have seen a fair share of dark circles under our AP Euro teacher’s eyes and her exsparation sighs. We loved working for her and knew that she wanted us to be the best we could be, therefore we tried to encourage to cut back a little on the work she gave us. Occasionally, she would skim on the essays- asking for outlines instead. I think there was even one week that she got so behind that she cancelled seminars for that week.</p>

<p>These signs might not be obvious right now but it will be obvious to her students who spend a lot of time with her (for us 6 hours a week) and a couple years down the road after diong this every year.</p>

<p>I can name other demanding teachers in high school- AP or honors that put so much stress and work on us… that by the end of first semester in college, we were thankful for all the preparation that they gave us. Even if they made our year hell.</p>

<p>The only way I would see this teacher being unreasonable is if she does not treat students with respect, that if she’s after something that doesn’t involve her students’ well-being. Like a bonus pay for every 4s and 5s on the AP.</p>

That level of homework is nuts. It’s possible (based on D’s personal experience) to do this course and the material with 1 to 1-1/2 hours per night. 3-4 hours per night suggests either:</p>

<ol> <li><p>A teacher not sufficiently familiar with the material to know what is required</p></li> <li><p>A teacher struggling with the survey nature of the AP Euro curriculum, and wanting to go deeper in particular areas.</p></li> </ol>

<p>It’s probably 2. This is the essence of the AP curriculum debate - and it’s impossible to have it both ways.</p>

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In the wake of Trump’s attempted assassination, investigators search for clues around the motive

Donald Trump’s campaign says he is “fine” after being whisked off the stage at a rally in Butler, Pennsylvania, after what law enforcement officials are treating as an apparent assassination attempt.

A campaign rally site for Republican presidential candidate former President Donald Trump is empty and littered with debris Saturday, July 13, 2024, in Butler, Pa. (AP Photo/Evan Vucci)

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Republican presidential candidate former President Donald Trump is helped off the stage by U.S. Secret Service agents at a campaign event in Butler, Pa., on Saturday, July 13, 2024. (AP Photo/Gene J. Puskar)

This June 3, 2022 still image taken from video provided by the Bethel Park School District shows student Thomas Matthew Crooks in the 2022 Bethel Park High School Commencement in Bethel Park, Pa. (The Bethel Park School District via AP)

Law enforcement block a street in Bethel Park, Pa., that they say is near a residence of Thomas Matthew Crooks, the suspected shooter of former President Donald Trump, Sunday, July 14, 2024. (AP Photo/Joshua A. Bickel)

This 2021 photo provided by Bethel Park School District shows student Thomas Matthew Crooks who graduated from Bethel Park High School with the Class of 2022, in Bethel Park, Pa. Crooks was identified by the FBI as the shooter involved in an assassination attempt of former President Donald Trump at a campaign rally on Saturday, July 13, 2024, in Butler, Pa. (Bethel Park School District via AP)

WASHINGTON (AP) — The 20-year-old man who tried to assassinate former President Donald Trump first came to law enforcement’s attention at Saturday’s rally when spectators noticed him acting strangely outside the campaign event. The tip sparked a frantic search but officers were unable to find him before he managed to get on a roof, where he opened fire.

In the wake of the shooting that killed one spectator, investigators were hunting for any clues about what may have drove Thomas Matthew Crooks, of Bethel Park, Pennsylvania, to carry out the shocking attack. The FBI said they were investigating it as a potential act of domestic terrorism , but the absence of a clear ideological motive by the man shot dead by the Secret Service led conspiracy theories to flourish.

“I urge everyone — everyone, please, don’t make assumptions about his motives or his affiliations,” President Joe Biden said in remarks Sunday from the White House . “Let the FBI do their job, and their partner agencies do their job. I’ve instructed that this investigation be thorough and swift.”

The FBI said it believes Crooks, who had bomb-making materials in the car he drove to the rally, acted alone. Investigators have found no threatening comments on social media accounts or ideological positions that could help explain what led him to target Trump before the Secret Service rushed the presumptive Republican presidential nominee off the stage, his face smeared with blood.

Trump said on social media the upper part of his right ear was pierced in the shooting, but advisers said he was “great spirits” ahead of his arrival Sunday in Milwaukee for the Republican National Convention. Two spectators were critically injured, while a former fire chief from the area, Corey Comperatore was killed. Pennsylvania’s governor said Comperatore, 50, died a hero by diving onto his family to protect them.

Relatives of Crooks didn’t respond to numerous messages from The Associated Press. His father, Matthew Crooks, told CNN late Saturday that he was trying to figure out “what the hell is going on” but wouldn’t speak about his son until after he talked to law enforcement. An FBI official told reporters that Crooks’ family is cooperating with investigators.

Several rallygoers reported to local officers that Crooks was acting suspiciously and pacing near the magnetometers, according to a law enforcement official who spoke on the condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss the investigation. Officers were then told Crooks was climbing a ladder, the official said. Officers searched for him but were unable to find him before he made it to the roof, the official added.

Butler County Sheriff Michael Slupe told the AP that a local officer climbed to the roof and encountered Crooks, who saw the officer and turned toward him just before the officer dropped down to safety. Slupe said the officer couldn’t have wielded his own gun under the circumstances. The officer retreated down the ladder, and Crooks quickly took a shot toward Trump, and that’s when Secret Service snipers shot him, according to two officials who spoke to AP on condition of anonymity to discuss an ongoing investigation.

FBI officials said Sunday that they were combing Crooks’ background and social media activities while working to get access to his phone. The chatting app Discord, a social media platform popular with people playing online games, said Crooks appears to have had an account but used it rarely and not in the last several months. There’s no evidence he used his account to promote violence or discuss his political views, a Discord spokesperson said.

Crooks’ political leanings were not immediately clear. Records show Crooks was registered as a Republican voter in Pennsylvania, but federal campaign finance reports also show he gave $15 to a progressive political action committee on Jan. 20, 2021, the day Biden was sworn into office.

Crooks graduated from Bethel Park High School in 2022. In a video of the school’s graduation ceremony posted online, Crooks can be seen crossing the stage to receive his diploma, appearing slight of build and wearing glasses. The school district said it will cooperate fully with investigators. His senior year, Crooks was among several students given an award for math and science, according to a Tribune-Review story at the time.

Crooks tried out for the school’s rifle team but was turned away because he was a bad shooter, said Frederick Mach, a current captain of the team who was a few years behind Crooks at the school.

Jason Kohler, who said he attended the same high school but did not share any classes with Crooks, said Crooks was bullied at school and sat alone at lunch time. Other students mocked him for the clothes he wore, which included hunting outfits, Kohler said.

“He was bullied almost every day,” Kohler told reporters. “He was just a outcast, and you know how kids are nowadays.”

Crooks worked at a nursing home as a dietary aide, a job that generally involves food preparation. Marcie Grimm, the administrator of Bethel Park Skilled Nursing and Rehabilitation, said in a statement she was “shocked and saddened to learn of his involvement.” Grimm added that Crooks had a clean background check when he was hired.

What to know :

• Timeline of events : How the assassination attempt on former President Donald Trump unfolded.
• On the suspect : What we know about the 20-year-old man who tried to assassinate Trump .
• Motive still not known : The FBI said that it had not yet determined a motive , but the agency believed that the shooter acted alone.
• Biden’s response : The president appealed for “unity” and said he was ordering an independent security review.
• A “man of conviction” : Victim Corey Comperatore, a former fire chief, used his body to shield his family from gunfire.

A blockade had been set up Sunday preventing traffic near Crooks’ house, which is in an enclave of modest brick houses in the hills outside Pittsburgh and about an hour’s drive from the site of the Trump rally. Police cars were stationed at an intersection near the house and officers were seen walking through the neighborhood.

Crooks used an AR-style rifle, which authorities said they believe was purchased by his father. Kevin Rojek, FBI special agent in charge in Pittsburgh, said that investigators do not yet know if he took the gun without his father’s permission.

A video posted to social media and geolocated by AP shows Crooks wearing a gray t-shirt with a black American flag on the right arm lying motionless on the roof of a manufacturing plant just north of the Butler Farm Show grounds where Trump’s rally was held.

The roof where Crooks lay was less than 150 meters (164 yards) from where Trump was speaking, a distance from which a decent marksman could reasonably hit a human-sized target. That is a distance at which U.S. Army recruits must hit a scaled human-sized silhouette to qualify with the M-16 rifle.

Images of Crooks’ body reviewed by AP show he appears to have been wearing a T-shirt from Demolition Ranch, a popular YouTube channel that regularly posts videos of its creator firing off handguns and assault rifles at targets that include human mannequins.

Matt Carriker, the Texas-based creator of Demolition Ranch, did not respond to a phone message or email on Sunday, but posted a photo of Crooks’ bloody corpse wearing his brand’s T-shirt on social media with the comment “What the hell.”

Mustian reported from New York and Balsamo reported from Chicago. Associated Press writers Marc Levy in Harrisburg, Pa., Julie Smyth, Lindsey Bahr and Joshua Bickel in Bethel Park, Michael R. Sisak and Randy Herschaft in New York, Michael Kunzelman in Silver Spring, Md., and Colleen Long and Eric Tucker in Washington contributed to this report.

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What we know about the alleged Trump shooter

Jaclyn Diaz

Dave Mistich

Law enforcement block a street in Bethel Park, Pa., that they say was a residence of Thomas Matthew Crooks, the suspected shooter of former President Donald Trump, on Sunday. Joshua A. Bickel/AP hide caption

The FBI has identified Thomas Matthew Crooks as the man who allegedly shot at President Donald Trump and killed one person at a Butler, Pa., political rally on Saturday.

Trump says that a bullet pierced the upper part of his right ear. Two other people were also injured before Secret Service agents killed Crooks.

Investigators believe the suspect's father purchased the gun used at the rally six months ago, according to a person familiar with the investigation who was not allowed to speak publicly. The source also confirmed that at least one possibly workable, explosive device was found in the dead suspect's vehicle.

A picture is still emerging about the 20-year-old. Here’s what we know so far.

Where is Crooks from?

The Crooks family home is in Bethel Park, Pa., according to the FBI, a working-to-middle class community south of Pittsburgh. Attempts to contact family members listed as residents of the home were not successful.

The community, which neighbors described to an NPR reporter as “quiet,” sits about 53 miles from the shooting site.

“People kind of keep to themselves. I mean, you say hi to your neighbors,” said Jim Zawojski, 70, a retiree living in Bethel Park. But, he added, people aren’t especially close-knit.

Zawojski said he once mistakenly received mail from the Crooks house, but never engaged with the family members directly even as he returned the mail to their porch.

“I couldn’t even tell you what they look like,” he said.

Law enforcement had the street where it is believed Crooks lived blocked off from the public on Sunday.

“I’m sure they’re devastated," Zawojski said, thinking of the Crooks family. "I am just wondering if there were any signs of how [Crooks] was acting. Was he mentally disturbed?"

The Bethel Park School District confirmed Sunday that Crooks was a 2022 graduate of Bethel Park High School. The district said it was cooperating with investigators and was limited in what other information it could release.

Law enforcement officers gather at the campaign rally site for Republican presidential candidate former President Donald Trump on Saturday, July 13, 2024, in Butler, Pa. Trump's campaign said in a statement that the former president was "fine" after a shooting at his rally in Butler. Evan Vucci/AP/AP hide caption

Details begin to take shape

Crooks worked at Bethel Park Skilled Nursing and Rehabilitation Center as a dietary aide, Marcie Grimm, the center's administrator, said in a statement shared with NPR. It's unclear how long Crooks worked at the center.

Grimm expressed shock and sadness that the 20-year-old was named as the alleged shooter.

Crooks "performed his job without concern and his background check was clean," Grimm said in her statement. "We are fully cooperating with law enforcement officials at this time. Due to the ongoing investigation, we cannot comment further on any specifics. Our thoughts and prayers go out to Former President Trump and the victims impacted by this terrible tragedy. We condemn all acts of violence."

Robert S. Bootay, legal counsel for Clairton Sportsmen's Club, said in a statement that Crooks was a member of the club.

“ Obviously, the Club fully admonishes the senseless act of violence that occurred yesterday,” Bootay said in a statement while also offering condolences to the family of Corey Comperatore , who died in the attack, and prayers to those injured.

At least one social media account associated with Crooks has been confirmed on the group-chatting app Discord.

"We have identified an account that appears to be linked to the suspect; it was rarely utilized and we have found no evidence that it was used to plan this incident, promote violence, or discuss his political views," a Discord spokesperson said in a statement to NPR. "Discord strongly condemns violence of any kind, including political violence, and we will continue to coordinate closely with law enforcement."

Crooks' name was included on a list of awardees as part of Bethel Park High School's Awards and Recognition Program in 2022, according to a local news report. He was listed as receiving a $500 National Math & Science Initiative Star Award.

"From background I've gotten from people that I know that have gone to school with him, he was your typical average kid — more on the quiet side, relatively intelligent," Allegheny County Councilor Dan Grzybek told WESA, Pittsburgh's NPR news station. Gryzbek represents the district that includes Bethel Park.

Grzybek noted that Crooks, while a student at Bethel Park High School, was known as "a pretty decent student."

A possible motive is unclear

Investigators are working to put together what may have motivated Crooks to launch this attack.

Pennsylvania voter registration and Federal Election Commission data shows Crooks was a registered Republican, but donated $15 through ActBlue, the Democratic-allied organization, in 2021.

A search on Pennsylvania's public court records database indicated Crooks had no criminal history.