railway reservation system case study

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Online Railway Ticket Reservation System

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Online Railway ticket reservation is very useful nowadays. This is very important to design a good-working system software for ticket booking and related transactions. To design it, full-track documentation of models(ER, DFD, Class, Use-case, Activity, Sequence) is required as per as software development is concerned. 

Features of the System:

The Reservation system should contain the following features: 

• If a passenger wants to reserve ticket(s), firstly, he/she has to log in to the Railway system with valid credentials. Then, the passenger has to provide his/her details with the date of the journey, names of the passengers and their details, origin station details, destination station details, and the class type of the required ticket(s).
• The Railway Reservation System will provide the available Train-list, and Seat-availability, via-details.
• To book a ticket passengers can pay through online/offline mode. After successful payment of the ticket fare the System will generate the ticket and PNR no. will be given to the passenger. The System also keeps the payment details and sends them to the system Admin.
• The Passenger can check PNR status (confirmed, RAC, waiting list) by entering the PNR no. into the Reservation system.
• The Reservation system should store all train details, fare details (by zone, class, and date wise), PNR no, date of trains, etc. This maintenance should be controlled by the Admin. 
• The System also has refund rules which have a date of reservation, ticket fare, and refundable percentage. The passenger can simply cancel the ticket(s) by entering the PNR no and a cancel ticket request. After cancelation, the Admin will pass the refundable amount to the System and the System will give the refundable amount to the passenger.

Required Diagrams:

Entity Relationship(ER) Diagram:   

ER diagram displays the relations between the various entities(classes and their attributes) stored in the database.  ER diagrams are very important for any database project. This diagram shows the communication between entities and their attributes.

The above ER diagram illustrates the key information about the railway reservation system, including entities like PAX_info, Login_credentials, Ticket_reservation, refund_rule, via_details, train_fare, Train, Seat_availability, Class, Zone, station, pay_info. This diagram also shows the relationships between entities.

Entities and their attributes are:

PAX_info: Attributes of PAX_info entity are  Passenger_id  (primarykey) ,SRL_no ,PAX_name ,PAX_age ,PAX_sex ,fare,seat_no.

• Login_credentials: Attributes of Login_credentials entity are login_id(PK) , password.
• Ticket_reservation: Attributes of Ticket_reservation entity are PNR_no(pk),to-date, from-date, to-km, from-km, to-station, from-station, Train_code.
•   Refund_rule: Attributes of  refund_rule entity are to-time, from-time, refundable-amt.
• via_details: Attributes of via_details entity are Details_id(PK), Train_code, via_station_code, km_from_origin, Reach_time.
• train_fare: Attributes of train_fare entity are to-date, from-date, to-km, from-km, Fare, Class_id.
• Train: Attributes of Train entity are Train_code(PK), Distance, Train_name, Start_time, End_time, Start_station_code, End_station_code, Frequency.
• Seat_availability: Attributes of Seat_availability entity are Train_code, Class_code, and Number of seats.
• Class: Attributes of Class entity are Class_id(PK), coach_prefix, class_code, Class_name, seat_per_coach.
• Zone: Attributes of Zone entity are zone_id(PK), Zone_name,Zone_code.
• Station: Attributes of station entity are Station_id(PK),Station_code,station_name, zone_id.
• Pay_info: Attributes of Pay_info entity are payment_id(PK), pay_mode, amount, pay_date, srl-no, PNR_no, inst_type, inst_amt.

Relationships between Entities:

• One-to-one relation: PAX_info to login_credentials , PAX_info to refund_rule, Train to Via_details, Class to train_fare, PAX_info to pay_info.
• Many-to-one relation: PAX_info to ticket_reservation, Zone to the station, Class to seat_availability.
• Many-to-many: Train to the station, Train to class. 

Data-Flow Diagram(DFD):  

This diagram represents various operations by dataflow movement.

• Level 0 DFD:

• Level 1 DFD:

Class Diagram:  

These diagrams describe the operation and attributes of a class with imposed constraints in the system. In this article the classes to be considered are ‘payment’, ‘train’, ‘passenger’, ‘ticket’, ‘railway reservation system’, ‘admin’. The description of the classes is given below.

Use-Case Diagram:  

By using use case diagrams, the interactions between a system and the users within that system will be represented.

Use-Case Descriptions:

The relationship between the actors and the use cases of the online Railway reservation system is given below–>

• Passenger Entity: Use cases of passengers are login, ticket availability, Filling the form, Book ticket, Canceling ticket, and Refund money.   
• Railway Reservation System: Use cases of the Railway Reservation System are login, ticket availability, Fill the form, Book ticket, Cancel ticket, and Refunding money.   
• Admin: use cases of Admin are Print ticket, refund money. Admin also controls the whole Railway Reservation System in different cases.

Activity Diagram:  

This diagram shows the flow of processes from one to another activity.

Sequence Diagram:  

This diagram shows how and in which order a group of objects works together in a system. This is an interactive diagram and this is mostly used by software developers.

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Case Study-2

Railway reservation.

The railway reservation system facilitates the passengers to enquire about the trains available on the basis of source and destination, booking and cancellation of tickets, enquire about the status of the booked ticket, etc.

The aim of case study is to design and develop a database maintaining the records of different trains, train status, and passengers. The record of train includes its number, name, source, destination, and days on which it is available, whereas record of train status includes dates for which tickets can be booked, total number of seats available, and number of seats already booked. The database has been developed and tested on the Oracle.

DESCRIPTION

Passengers can book their tickets for ...

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ONLINE TRAIN TICKETING SYSTEM (CASE STUDY OF MINNA RAILWAY STATION

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lawal abdulquadri yaiwo

The world is trending towards IT based technologies and Nigeria as a country is not left behind. The nature of transport needs makes it a key player in any viable economy. Owing to the possibilities that IT offers and the need for improved services (ticketing and otherwise) in the transport sector it is proper to look at what exists currently in the country and what steps could be taken based on current findings. This study looks at the existing ticketing systems, makes comparison with contemporary approaches to ticketing, draws information from other materials, journals, investigations and makes recommendations based on the findings. It further suggest a theoretical model for the Nigerian road transport system.

Olayemi M Olaniyi , Muhammad Bashir Abdullahi

—Until recently, the most common methods used by Nigerian Telecommunication Operators for providing services to their customers include: customer service centers and online channels. With the rapid increase in the number of customers, the existing channels of responding to customers queries through walk in centers and online customer agent cannot be adequate due to the time required to respond to each customer's queries. Hence the need to provide an alternative channel that will often provide faster, reliable, convenient, less expensive and most affordable customer service. In this paper, a self-service model was developed for Nigerian Telecommunications Operators to improve customer service delivery. Self-Service Software Model (SSSM) allows customers to request for specific services without interacting with customer care representative at their own convenient time and have these services delivered to them within a short period of time. SSSM was designed using Model-View-Controller design pattern and implemented using Hypertext Markup Language, Cascading Style Sheet and MySQL relational database management. The prototype of the SSSM was tested with data collected and analysed from three Telecommunication subscribers in Nigeria. The results of the study showed that the model allows customers to request for specific services at their own convenience in a timely manner and it is faster, reliable, less expensive, and reduces cost of maintaining hardware, software and overhead cost of existing customer service delivery.

The use of bus traveling is a large growing business in Nigeria and other countries; the manual use of bus reservation is presently very strenuous and also consumes a lot of time by having to stay on a long queue. For this reason, an efficient system is to be proposed in this paper to ease the issue of bus reservation amongst indigenes within the country. The system is a web – based application that allows visitors to check bus availability, buy and pay bus ticket online. In this paper, the proposed bus reservation system was developed using Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML), PHP Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP), Structure Query Language (SQL), Ajax, Cascading Style Sheet (CSS), and JavaScript. 1. Introduction The Online Bus Ticket Reservation System is a web-based application that allows visitors check bus ticket availability, buy bus ticket and pay the bus ticket online (Asaad, Ayad and Hayder, 2012). This system is established for all the home/office users after gaining access from the administrator. According to Invaderzim (2011), Online Bus Reservation System provides bus transportation system, a facility to reserved seats, cancellation of seats and different types of enquiry which need an instant and quick reservation. This system can be used by the users in performing online reservation via internet for their all business purposes. Users can use this program directly on their websites and no need to install it. The use of bus traveling is a large growing business in Nigeria and other countries; hence bus reservation system deals with maintenance of records of each passenger who had reserved a seat for a journey. It also includes maintenance of information like schedule and details of each bus (Shivaji, 2010). Also, we get to know that there are many operations, which they have to do manually. It takes a lot of time and causes many errors. Due to this, sometimes a lot of problems occur and they were facing many disputes with customers. To solve the above problem, and further maintaining records of items, seat availability for customers, price of per seat, bill generation and other things, we are offering this proposal of reservation system. The reservation system has three modules. First module helps the customer to enquire the availability of seats in a particular bus at particular date, the second module helps him to reserve a ticket and with the third module he can cancel a reserved ticket. However, since the current reservation system is still conducted manually and separately at each branch, contact must be made by each branch's front-officer to the head office for each customer's enquiry in order to get the latest update on schedule, seat availability and other reservation-related information; as well as to avoid duplicate bookings or overcapacity. There is also a physical limit to the reservation availability as each branch only operates during certain hours and reservations can only be made on-the-spot. These limitations are not the only issues the company is currently facing. Other factors that create problems include human errors (e.g. miscalculations in ticket price, mistakes in noting passenger data, etc.), the fluctuation of passengers during certain periods of time that causes a bottleneck in the check-in process because of the inability of the front-officer to multitask and the lack of overview or report of the ongoing business; making it difficult for the company to judge past/current performance or plan future improvements. Looking at these problems and limitations, it is clear that both the company and the customers require an integrated reservation system that is more efficient in information update and reservation handling and also easy to use. Electronic tickets, or e-tickets, give evidence that their holders have permission to enter a place of entertainment, use a means of transportation, or have access to some internet services. Bus Ticket Reservation System enables the customer to buy bus ticket, make payment, and ask for information online easily. Furthermore, staff can sell bus ticket using Bus Ticket Reservation System after check bus ticket availability for the customer and print the bus ticket to the customer that queue up in the counter. The method to solve this problem is to create an online buying bus ticket system. Customer can buy the bus ticket over the Internet, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and the bus ticket can't be lost, stolen or left behind. In addition, the online system lets the customers check the availability of the bus ticket before they buy bus ticket (Wee, 2007). Furthermore, customers no need to pay cash to buy bus ticket because they can pay the bus ticket by using deposit slip number order by bank.

MARTIN WODULO

IJSRP Journal

In Indian Railways transport system and in most other public transport system a passenger cannot book for a ticket after the charting of train is done and a seat remains unused if a passenger did not board a train or cancels his ticket after the charting of train is done our approach to overcome it is by a dynamic seat allocation system using QR Code containing the URL to an online website for railway reservation has been developed. In a QR code a passenger specific URL is stored, when Hand held Terminal device running on android OS encodes this URL by the Check-in an passenger which is updated in the central database and any passenger who don’t board on the train his QR code check-in procedure is not done and after the specific time interval the ticket for it is automatically made available in the system for booking to other passengers.

Olayemi M Olaniyi , Michael Adegoke

ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN & MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE

Mubarak Mustapha

Generally, the world seeks for an efficient means of transportation. Recent advancement in technology, has sort to remedy the issues of transportation in the design of train terminals. However, there is a challenge of congestions within train terminals. This is due to the inadequate provision of crowd control features. This research is aimed at assessing user’s perception on congestion in train terminal buildings in some purposively selected train terminals in Nigeria. The method used in carrying out this research is descriptive survey method which implored the use of questionnaires for data collection. This was administered to 180 users, of which 156 responded. Subsequently, the questionnaires were analysed on SPSS software package using descriptive and inferential statistics and the result were presented with the use of tables and charts. Based on the user’s perception, 38% of the users are attracted by entertainment, 13% are attracted by the restaurant, while 49% are attracted by place of worship. Results shows that worship areas are the major sources of crowd attraction within the terminal. Furthermore, the trend of booking in the train terminal deduces that crowd congestion is on the high side. The study has revealed that, the provision of spatial crowd control features is given little consideration in most of the train terminals assessed. The research recommends that spaces that attract crowd should be placed far away from each other and the introduction of a booking gallery should be incorporated in the design of train terminals. keywords: congestion, crowd control features, spatial interaction, train terminal, user’s perception.

kayode ogunsusi

In this project, a library management system was developed for DHL Express Nig. Ltd. to address the problems faced using the existing manual system of managing a library. The new system will monitor the daily activities carried out in DHL Express Nigeria Ltd. library. This system will automate activities such as: acquisition of new books, storage of book records, updating book records, book searching mechanism, borrowing-returning of books, and report generation. The new system was developed to solve the problems that occur in terms of the average time to process the activities mentioned above, which will allow librarians and library users to maximize time efficiently. This system will also provide a user-friendly interface, it will give users access to DHL library materials in the most interactive way and with no time to waste. It will also provide the librarians effective ways of managing library materials and also ensure that these materials are secured by ensuring database security and integrity. The tools used to build the proposed system are HTML, CSS, PHP, JavaScript, AJAX and MySQL database management system.

Airline Reservation in developing countries is carried out either manually or electronically. Either methods, reservation and payment operations are done in piecemeal fashion; this is cost prohibitive, time consuming and tedious leading to inefficiency. We present an integrated mobile airline reservation and payment system. Ours is a Client/Proxy/Server system with the proxy layer serving as mobility-aware middle layer providing real-time self service support. The study shows that mobile technology is matured for airline operators in developing countries as an avenue to improve efficiency, reduce operation costs, improved revenue generation and provision of value-added customer service for airline passengers

EG Technologies

The proposed project is a computerized reservation and ticketing system. Specifically, the project pertains only in the Flightiness operation of booking a passenger and reserving a seat in a flight and provides a payment process that will generate ticket in the ticketing system. The related sub-system Hotel, Tour, and Car Reservation has a direct connection in the ticketing system of the project since that the system only reserves a passenger who wants to include a hotel, tour, or car reservation in relation to their flight reservation. The developers provide a short report of their data gathered in the next paragraphs. This is an important part of this section that will give the reader an idea of what is the project theme all about.

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UML diagrams for railway reservation system

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Railway Reservation System

• 1 Use case diagram
• 2 Class diagram
• 3 Sequence diagram
• 4 Collaboration diagram
• 5 Statechart diagram
• 6 Activity diagram
• 7.1 Components in View Classes package
• 7.2 Components in Controller Classes package
• 7.3 Component in Data Classes package
• 8 Deployment diagram
• 9 ER Diagram
• 10 Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs)

Use case diagram

Class diagram, sequence diagram, collaboration diagram, statechart diagram, activity diagram, component diagrams, components in view classes package, components in controller classes package, component in data classes package, deployment diagram.

Source:  https://www.ques10.com/p/9477/draw-e-r-diagram-for-online-ticket-railway-reser-1/

Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs)

Visit this Slideshare URL for DFDs of railway reservation system

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Suryateja Pericherla, at present is a Research Scholar (full-time Ph.D.) in the Dept. of Computer Science & Systems Engineering at Andhra University, Visakhapatnam. Previously worked as an Associate Professor in the Dept. of CSE at Vishnu Institute of Technology, India.

He has 11+ years of teaching experience and is an individual researcher whose research interests are Cloud Computing, Internet of Things, Computer Security, Network Security and Blockchain.

He is a member of professional societies like IEEE, ACM, CSI and ISCA. He published several research papers which are indexed by SCIE, WoS, Scopus, Springer and others.

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Hi sir/mam, u can even provide us the theory part to be learnt under each diagram

Keep this going please, great job!

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ONLINE RAILWAY RESERVATION SYSTEM

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Case Study on Railway Reservation System

Railway reservation system case study:.

A railway reservation system is a useful service which enables people book railway tickets online saving their time, energy and money. Today, nearly every railway company in the world offers a special reservation system in order to make the life of their passengers easier. Railways are still considered to be the most popular means of transportation, that is why more and more people take advantage of it every year. It is obvious that it is difficult and unpleasant to spend long hours at the booking office in a long queue in order to purchase a ticket.

No wonder, the majority of people are frustrated and nervous and experience strong stress while buying the ticket at a booking office.The process can be definitely called unbearable. Transportation companies, including the railway ones, have decided to provide their clients with the opportunity to book tickets online. It is really convenient to sit in front of the computer screen and book the very ticket one needs at a moment’s notice without leaving one’s home. The railway reservation system is a complicated service with a broad and strict structure available in the Internet and can be observed on the example of the website of the railway company. A client is required to log in the system and there he can find all the necessary information about the tickets, their price, terms, discounts and all possible routes and types of trains.

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The system provides clients with information and enables them book tickets online and pay with the help of a credit card, so that there is no need to go to a booking office any more. This service safes time, money (it is possible to find a cheap route or class of a train) and nerves of a customer.The topic of railway reservation system can be called an interesting one, because more and more companies offer the opportunity to book tickets online. In order to complete a successful railway reservation system case study a student should spend time to research the case and collect information about it. Then one is supposed to think about the cause of the problem and its effect. Finally, a student should summarize the problem and suggest the most appropriate solution to the problem demonstrating his knowledge and professional skills.

The process of case study writing is time and energy consuming and requires patience and critical thinking skills. The Internet can be a good writing helper for every student, who has poor knowledge about case study writing, so it is sensible to take advantage of a free sample case study on railway reservation in system analysis and design. Nearly every free example case study on online railway reservation system is written by an expert and can be called the best basis for writing for every student.

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