Scaling Items
Source: Computed by the researcher
Table 14: Perception of tourists on environmental quality in Trivandrum.
In the given Table 15 , the socio-cultural impact is been decided with the parameters of rising the infrastructure. Involvement of local people in tourist activities, increasing gender equity, better information access, and approach to tourists end ups in the traveler opinioned with medium and low positive impacts, whereas sharing expertise and culture with traveler supported high positive impacts [ 25 - 27 ].
| |||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
Rising infrastructural development | 0 | 23 | 66 | 13 | 1 |
Involvement of local people | 4 | 5 | 47 | 43 | 0 |
Increased gender equity | 21 | 61 | 12 | 5 | 4 |
Better information accessibility | 1 | 43 | 31 | 7 | 19 |
Approach with tourist | 0 | 0 | 35 | 43 | 20 |
Total Score | 26 | 133 | 191 | 111 | 44 |
Perceived Negative Impacts | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Loss of cultural identity | 37 | 52 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
Decreased influence of local language and customs | 30 | 47 | 25 | 0 | 15 |
More touristic oriented development | 0 | 6 | 8 | 73 | 21 |
People leave primary work to tourism-related jobs | 1 | 45 | 39 | 26 | 5 |
Children leave their for tourism | 9 | 36 | 36 | 15 | 10 |
Total Score | 77 | 186 | 128 | 114 | 51 |
Table 15: Tourist perception on socio-cultural influence in ecotourism destinations in Trivandrum.
About 73% of the tourists extremely supported the very fact that Neyyar, Agastyarvanam, and Ponmudi are tourist-oriented. Based on the opinion from tourists, it ought to be noted that the main focus of taking part the tribal communities is needed for better ecotourism development, In the case of increasing gender equity in tourism development in these regions the response was low (61%). This may be because of the risk and safety factor perceived by tourists for this low level of response in considering gender equity in ecotourism development in Ponmudi and Agastyarvanam.
Kerala could be converted into a tourist paradise and there is considerable scope for it. The returns from the tourism economy can effectively answer to the problems of unemployment and nonproductivity present today in the state. Trivandrum is a paradise for nature lovers. Its coastal location, greenery, evergreen forest, mountains, hills, valleys stream, rivers, backwaters, beaches, lagoons, cultural heritage, and rich bio-diversity provide a wide base for the development of eco-tourism. The success of the Eco-development project in Trivandrum reflects the concern for achieving a balance between conservation of the forest and wildlife and livelihood of people living in and around it Ecotourism can help the local people for economic development. The local people in the ecotourism spots can attain high economic development through the implementation of suitable economic projects in these places. Attempts are to be made to attract a greater number of tourists both foreign and domestic to these ecotourism destinations potential of Kerala. Countries like the UK, France, Germany, USA, etc are very good markets and hence more tourists can be obtained from these nations.
As per the tourism data (Tourism Department, Government of Kerala) about 10.96 lakh international tourists visited Kerala during 2018. Thiruvananthapuram holds the second position with 3.43 lakhs foreign tourist arrivals followed by Alappuzha with 95000 tourist arrivals, while Ernakulamleads with total foreign tourist arrival of 4.88 lakh. The total domestic tourist arrivals to the capital city were recorded at R27.12 lakh while it was 25.05 lakh in 2017, showing an increase of over two lakh domestic visitors. Though the city was not much affected by the flood in 2018, the capital city, however, witnessed a reverse trend from September which continued up to December with an average decline of 9.34 in four months, worrying about the industry. The tourism officers attributed the negative trend to the unseemly unrest which happened in connection with the Sabarimala issue. The tourism statistics released by the Tourism Department puts forth an alarming trend, with tourist arrivals taking a dip. The Nipah scare and the floods had their effect on tourism with domestic as well as foreign tourists eschewing Kerala from their travel itinerary.
Kerala can further move up in international tourism with strategic planning and regular monitoring of the activities done. It is the role of Government and other local authorities to improve communication strategies and providing more exposure to our destinations and other tourist attractions will improve this scenario. The Study of tourist destinations in hill-stations of Trivandrum offers a pleasant climate, calmness with great potentialities of promoting ecotourism. The study evaluated the positive and negative impacts of ecotourism developments in Neyyar, Agasthyarvanam, and Ponmudi ecotourism destinations in Trivandrum and to assess the environmental and socio-cultural impacts of ecotourism development in these regions. The analysis of collected data reveals that environmental quality in terms of conserving natural resources, improving environmental quality Agasthyarvanam, and Ponmudi achieving good status. The low status observed in negative environmental impacts like ecosystem damage and natural hazards.
The perception against socio-cultural influence and communication, local people participation, and gender equity needs to be improved while less distortion observed on the loss of cultural value and heritage and leading primary work to tourism-based jobs. The study finally concludes that there needs to have appropriate planning for these destinations to provide infrastructural facilities for ecotourism development. Furthermore, new potential sites for ecotourism development are to be identified and planning is to be made accordingly for their development to promote and attract travelers from India and abroad. Solely the combined and sincere effort from each stakeholder as well as every city will bring a positive amendment within the growth of tourism. It's additionally necessary that the requirement for communities and conservation ought to go hand in hand.
Tourism today is considered as an industry adding a considerable amount to the exchequer. It is revealed from the survey that in Trivandrum, domestic tourist is coming more than a foreign tourist. Infrastructural facilities should be improved to attract foreign visitors so that earnings from tourism will be more.
• Steps should be taken to improving marketing facilities for ecotourism promotion in Trivandrum district. Ecotourism marketing is different from traditional marketing as it involves the marketing of products and services with positive ecological outcomes to environmentally concerned consumers.
• Implementation of proper security measures during boating should be a must. Special care should be given to women tourists and children.
• The tourist information centers are necessary. To provide proper information and education for visitors, tourist information centers are necessary. To earn foreign exchange, proper-publicity should be made to attract foreign tourists towards ecotourism. Ecotourism exhibition is an important tool for ecotourism promotion. Brochures and guidebooks can also be used as a promotional method. Advertising and mass communication media can be used for the promotion of ecotourism. It is recommended promotion should be taken up. Internet and social networking sites for marketing.
• The tourist spots should be 'plastic-free'. Adequate waste boxes should be kept in all tourist areas to keep the surroundings clean. These wastes should be collected and Hi-tech pollution control equipment should be used to prevent pollution.
• Separate policies are required for ecotourism, distinguishing it from mainstream tourism operations. We need long term planning. The Government and other agencies should examine ways to assist with ecotourism operations research.
• Implement modern ticket- issuing system to visitors and also impart training to Staff on GPS, computer application, etc.
• Empowerment of women and indigenous people economically and socially to take part in tourism development.
• The cultural value, social system, economic system, the way of life, local environment, and political setup should be preserved and respected.
• Giving employment to the local community in managing home stays, cooking, serving as guides, involving in rescue operations, maintenance of premises and monitoring, acting as guides to bird lovers, etc
• Providing a platform to showcase their skills such as handicrafts, pottery, etc., this would also enable them to earn an extra income.
Citation: Ranjith M (2020) To Examine the Potential and Scope of Ecotourism in Kerala with a Special Focus on Tourists to Ecotourism Destinations in Trivandrum. J Tourism Hospit 9:433. doi: 10.35248/2167-0269.20.9.433
Received: 09-Jun-2020 Accepted: 29-Jun-2020 Published: 06-Jul-2020 , DOI: 10.35248/2167-0269.20.9.433
Copyright: © Ranjith M. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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Kerala's commitment for best ecotourism in Kerala model has been an exemplary model for other destinations worldwide. The state's verdant landscapes, lush forests, and pristine water bodies have made it an ideal location for ecologically-conscious travelers seeking meaningful experiences in harmony with nature.
Table of Contents
Wildlife sanctuaries in kerala: where fauna roams free.
Kerala's wildlife sanctuaries are sanctums of biodiversity, protecting a diverse range of species. From the Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary to the Silent Valley National Park, these protected areas offer a chance to spot majestic elephants, elusive tigers, and many vibrant bird species.
The backwaters of Kerala offer a tranquil escape into nature's lap. Explore the labyrinthine network of canals and lagoons aboard eco-friendly houseboats, immersing yourself in the serenity of the surroundings and witnessing life along the waterways.
Kerala's commitment to responsible tourism is evident in its efforts to preserve local cultures, support communities, and conserve natural resources. Engage in meaningful interactions with local communities and leave a positive and feeling impact on the places you visit.
Indulge in sustainable luxury at eco-friendly resorts that blend seamlessly with nature. From treehouses nestled amidst the canopy to eco-lodges overlooking picturesque landscapes, these accommodations offer an immersive experience in nature.
Kerala's avian diversity is a delight for birdwatchers. Witness colorful migratory birds and endemic species in their natural habitats. Head to the Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary or Thattekad Bird Sanctuary for an unforgettable birdwatching experience.
Lace up your hiking boots happly and embark on nature trails that lead you through lush forests, misty hills, and cascading waterfalls. Kerala's abundant trekking routes cater to both beginners and seasoned trekkers.
For adventure enthusiasts, Kerala's forests offer an array of adrenaline-pumping activities. From thrilling jungle safaris to bamboo rafting, the wilderness has no shortage of excitement.
Kerala's green initiatives, such as waste management projects and afforestation drives, have earned it a reputation as an environmentally conscious destination.
Travel responsibly by choosing eco-conscious tour operators and minimizing your environmental footprint. Opt for eco-friendly transportation and support initiatives that contribute to conservation efforts.
Engage in community-based tourism to experience the authentic lifestyle of Kerala's local communities. Participate in cultural activities, savor traditional cuisines, and contribute to the local economy.
Kerala's remarkable biodiversity results from its varied landscapes, ranging from dense forests to coastal regions. Embark on biodiversity tours to witness the marvels of nature's abundance.
Stay at eco-lodges that blend seamlessly with nature, offering a rustic charm with modern amenities. These sustainable accommodations allow you to connect with the environment without compromising comfort.
Experience the joy of sustainable agriculture by staying at organic farms. Participate in farming activities, learn about organic practices, and savor fresh farm-to-table meals.
Kerala's marine conservation efforts aim to preserve its coastal ecosystems and marine life. Engage in responsible beach activities and support conservation initiatives to protect the ocean's wonders.
Kerala attracts a community of eco-conscious travelers passionate about sustainable travel and conservation. Connect with loveable like-minded individuals who share your love for nature and responsible tourism.
Kerala's emphasis on environmental education and awareness has fostered a sense of responsibility towards nature among both locals and tourists.
Sustainable experiences in Kerala create unforgettable memories while ensuring the best preservation of its natural and cultural heritage.
Escape the hustle and bustle of city life by venturing into Kerala's off-the-grid destinations. Unplug from technology and immerse yourself in the simplicity of rural life.
Kerala's diverse terrain offers numerous opportunities for eco-trekking, allowing you to explore its wilderness on foot while minimizing your environmental impact.
Enjoy Kerala's vibrant culture by participating in traditional festivals, art forms, and rituals. Connect with the locals and gain insights into their way of life.
Kerala's conservation efforts extend to preserving its fragile ecosystems, ensuring a sustainable future for future generations.
Unwind and rejuvenate amidst the lap of nature during your green vacation in Kerala. Experience the therapeutic effects of being surrounded by verdant landscapes.
Yes, Kerala is home to several wildlife sanctuaries and national parks where you can spot various animal species, including elephants, tigers, and diverse birdlife.
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You can support sustainable travel in Kerala by choosing eco-conscious tour operators, engaging in community-based tourism, and being mindful of your environmental impact.
Yes, Kerala practices responsible wildlife tourism by enforcing strict visitor guidelines, minimizing animal disturbances, and supporting conservation efforts.
Community-based tourism in Kerala allows travelers to experience local communities' authentic culture and lifestyle while providing them with economic opportunities.
Kerala actively participates in marine conservation projects to preserve its coastal ecosystems and biodiversity.
With its abundant natural beauty and sustainable travel initiatives, Kerala stands as a shining example of ecotourism done right. As you explore Kerala's top 10 ECOTOURISM IN KERALA, you'll immerse yourself in nature's wonders while positively impacting the environment and local communities. Embrace responsible travel, support conservation efforts, and let Kerala's ecotourism experiences leave an indelible mark on your heart.
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Nature has always been vibrant that we inherent from the past and pass on to future generations to use. There is a symbiotic relationship between ecosystem and socio- economic life of the people. The present study seeks to review certain aspect of ecology and economy in the context of Thenmala ecotourism. Kerala the southernmost state of India and popularly known as God’s own country in tourist literature. Thenmala ecotourism project is the first planned ecotourism project in the country. Thenmala is a small village at the foothills of Western Ghats and predominantly a forest covered area located in the Kollam District of Kerala. Ecotourism is an emerging concept in tourism industry and this programme encompasses education, sustainable development, respect for fragile environments and the people with whom the traveller is interacting. The concept of ecotourism today has sharpened its aspects in the goals of responsible tourism by making maximum participation in responsible positions for the local as well as tribal hosts India.
The formations of ecological signs as a direct outcome of inter relationship between nature and human subsistence strategies. Studies show that everything in the socio-cultural regime revolved round eco- culture of this economy and everything was disposed of so as to establish its eco -cultural hegemony over other economies 1 . Tourism is recognised as one of the important global service industry today and it has seen rapid growing industry. Over the last fifty years tourism has become one of the largest economic sectors globally, accounting for some 9 percentage of the world’s GDP and over 200 million jobs 2 .
International agencies like the United Nations World Tourism Organization have estimated that nations like India and China would become the superpowers in the global tourism map by the year 2020 3 . The 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, the Rio Earth summit were identified Travel and Tourism as one of the key sectors of the economy which could make a positive contribution to achieving sustainable development 4 .
Ecotourism is an emerging concept in tourism industry and this programme encompasses education, sustainable development, respect for fragile environments and the people with whom the traveller is interacting. According to the World tourism organisation: “Ecotourism is the tourism that involves travelling to relatively undisturbed natural areas with specific objective of studying, admiring and enjoying the scenery and its wild plants and animals as well as any existing cultural aspect found in this areas” 5 . Ecotourism is one of the key sectors for India in the service sector negotiations under General Agreement on Trade in Services in the WTO 6 . The India’s New Tourism Policy 2002 was implemented in the 10 th Five Year Plan, will generate awareness about the benefit of tourism for the host population 4 .
The Western Ghats which are older than the Himalayas and are described one of the 8 “hottest hotspot” areas of biodiversity were inscribed in the UNESCO World Natural Heritage Sites list in July 2012 7 . The term Western Ghats refers to the practically unbroken hill chain (with the exception of the Palakkad Gap) or escarpment running roughly in a north-south direction, for about 1500 Kilo meter parallel to the Arabian sea coast, from the river Tapi (about 210 16’ North) down to just short of Kanyakumari (about 8019’ North) at the tip of the Indian peninsula 8 . The number of tourists visiting the Western Ghats is increasing steeply. The forms of tourism observed are nature based on ecology, wildlife, religious, social and business. Religious tourism has the highest share of tourism in the Western Ghats followed by other forms of tourism. The Western Ghats are naturally is an important centre of sustainable development efforts. The Gadgil Report says that Tourism needs special attention in the Western Ghats and such sites need to be understood as production-consumption systems. These are “systems in which environmental goods and services, individuals, households, firms and states are linked by flows of materials, energy and relationships in which transactions of money and information or negotiation of power and influence take place” 8 .
Tourism has immense potential to accelerate progress across the Sustainable Development Goals. This sector can generate quality job for durable growth, reduce poverty and offer incentives for environmental conservation a triple-win to help countries transition toward more inclusive, resilient economies 9 . The term ecotourism was emerged in the late 1980s as a result of the world’s acknowledgement and reaction to sustainable practice and reaction to global ecological practices. Ecotourism was a term first coined by Hector Ceballos Lascurain 10 , a Mexican Environmentalist in 1983. The first organisation devoted to ecotourism was the International Ecotourism Society founded in 1990.
Ecotourism meant to be a Sustainable form of natural resource based tourism. There are many well recognized definitions formed a clear picture of the concept of ecotourism. Ecotourism Society defines ecotourism as responsible travel that conserves natural environments and sustains the wellbeing of local people 11 . Das says, “ecotourism, defined as responsible travel to natural areas, that conserves the environment and improves the welfare of local people, has caught the attention of diverse interests, both as an economically profitable leisure activity, and as a means of conservation and development” 12 .
National ecotourism strategy (1994) defines “ecotourism is the nature based tourism that involves education and interpretation of the natural environment and is managed to be ecologically sustainable”. Wenjun Li (2009) describes in the recent decades, ecotourism emerged as one of the most economic, effective and environmentally friendly way of utilizing natural resources and maintain sustainable development in natural reserves 13 . According to Weaver (1999), Interest in ecotourism now wide spread among tourism planners and marketers, is rationalise by a number of popular assumptions regarding the sector’s potential economic, environmental, and socio-cultural benefits. However, most of the definitions of eco-tourism boil down to a special form of tourism that meet the criteria like it provide environmental conservation include meaningful community participation and it is profitable and can be self-sustained.
Kerala situated the southernmost tip of India. The state blessed with excellent weather and networked by forty- four rivers, thirty - four lakes, Pond, lovely hills, its numerous lagoons, dense vegetation and paddy cultivation. The tourism destinations like silent valley National park, wild life sanctuaries of Shenduruney, Parambikulam, Neyyar, Periyar and the bird sanctuaries of Thattekkadu and Kumarakam enrich the exotic wild life. According to the 1999 statistics of Kerala has eleven Wildlife Sanctuaries, two National parks, one tiger reserve and many potential ecotourism destinations 5 .
The excellent geographical features of Kerala and serene environments attracted tourists in all over the world. Tourist arrival is one of the most important indicators of the demand for tourism in a particular destination point. Kerala one of the highest growth rate in tourist arrivals and the following table gives the data on Foreign Domestic tourist arrivals over the last five years. From 2014 onward, it can be seen that there is steady growth in tourist arrivals. The given below official Statistics shows that the foreign and domestic tourists are increasing in absolute terms.
Ecotourism today has sharpened its aspects in the goals of responsible tourism by making maximum participation in responsible positions for the local as well as tribal hosts India 15 . The Government of Kerala is committed to develop plans for utilizing the ecotourism potential in the State. The Government assure that ecotourism is promoted on the basis of sound principles of ecological sustainability. Thenmala Ecotourism is India’s first planned ecotourism project 16 based on sound principles of ecological sustainability. Thenmla lies on the western slope of Western Ghats, in Kerala and ecosystem management in Thenmala attracted many tourists from all over India.
Thenmla is a small Village, located at the foothill of the Western Ghats, between Kulathupuzha and Punalur, in Kollam District of Kerala, with full of rivers, streams, hillocks and evergreen forests 17 . The hilly village of Thenmala is situated 22km east of Punalur on the Kollam - Shencotta railway 18 . The area is covered by dense forest, Tea and rubber plantation and beauty of this destination is attracted large number of domestic and international tourists. Thenmala Forest Division and Shenduruney Wildlife Division fall wholly within the district 18 .
The name Thenmala is derived from two words “ Then ” and “ Mala” in local parlance. Then ‘Thenmla’ translates to Honey Hill’ and high quality honey is exported from this area. The majority part of Thenmala is under forest cover and it borders the Shenduruney Wildlife Sanctuary. The artificial lake formed by Parappar dam built across the Shenduruney and the Kulathupuzha rivers occupies the central part of the sanctuary. The forests of Thenmala offer excellent fortuity for ecotourism with a wide array of flora and fauna. The surrounding dense forest is also known for the good quality timber that is in much demand across the country. In order to promote tourism ten satellites enters are identified around Thenmala. These places are Palaruvi falls, Aripa, Kulathupuzha, Aryankavu, Achancoil, Konni, Pamba, Kochu Pamba, Umayar and Ponmudi. Thenmala ecotourism project won the prestigious Pacific Asia Travel Association gold award for 2003-2004, the National Tourism Awards for the most Eco - friendly organization in 2001-2002, and the best ecotourism practices in 2003-04 19 .
Thenmala Ecotourism project has been formulated in and around the shenduruney Wildlife Sanctuary with the assistance of Tourism, Forest, and Irrigation Departments. Shenduruney wildlife sanctuary is the one of the richest areas of Bio- diversity in Western Ghats. The sanctuary is located in Kollam district and comes under the control of Agastyavana Biological Park. The etymological meaning of the name “Shenduruney” is derived from a tree called “ Shenkurrunjy” or Chenkurunji which is an endemic tree was found in this region. Chenkurinji tree ( Gluta Travancorica) from which the sanctuary got its name Shenduruney grows here. This area is covered with Tropical evergreen forest and semi evergreen forest comprises three fourth of the total area of sanctuary. The major forest type in the region are Sothern Hilltop Evergreen forest, West coast semi Evergreen forest, Sothern secondary moist mixed Deciduous forest, Myristica swamps and Reed Brakes.
Historically, Shenduruney has rich heritage and the remnants of pre-historic period was excavated from this area. A recent study was conducted by P.Rajendran, Archaeological Research association of the Poona Deccan College, has resulted in the excavation of the remains of Stone Age Culture from a large cave situated at the north western part of the Shenduruney River. It has been proved these remains belong to the Mesolithic Age and this study reveals the fact that Shenduruney River Valley Civilization was the one the oldest river valley civilization in India 20 .
Shenduruney wildlife sanctuary confesses that the region has diverse flora with high rate of endemism 21 . This area is covered with Tropical evergreen forest and semi evergreen forest comprises three fourth of the total area of sanctuary. The major forest type in the region are Sothern Hilltop Evergreen forest, West coast semi Evergreen forest, Sothern secondary moist mixed Deciduous forest, Myristica swamps and Reed Brakes. The Myristica swamps are tropical wetland found in the valley of Shenduruney and Kulathupuzha River. The Myristica swaps, a vanishing ecosystem, now largely confined to 53 patches in the Kulatupuzha and Anchal forests and the Shenduruney Wildlife sanctuary 22 . The major ecotourism spots in the Shenduruney sanctuary are Kallar Trial, Dharbhakulam Trial, Kattlapara-Choodal Bird watching Trail and boating in the sanctuary. The Shenduruney forest was declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1984.
In the year 1998, the ‘Thenmala Ecotourism Society’ was founded as a Government of Kerala undertaking to promote ecotourism activities at Thenmala and its surroundings. The main aim of this organisation is promoting Ecotourism activities at Thenmala and its surrounding areas with cooperation of Forest, Irrigation and tourism Departments.
The important objectives of the project are:
To develop Thenmala Dam and its neighbouring areas as a major tourism destination by the turn of this country.
To promote ecotourism on the basis of sound principles of ecological sustainability in Thenmala and its neighbouring area.
To have a well-planned tourist destination with attention on sustainable tourism development so as to become a model for other destination in advancing programmes.
There are both positive and negative impact based on various activities by the tourist and the changes which are taking place. Thenmala ecotourism play beneficial role for the conservation cultural heritage, economy and environment. The ecotourism creates a knowledgeable society in a village at Thenmala and it upgrades the public infrastructure. The ecotourism in Thenmala there appear to play an important role in protecting the natural environment. People should make aware the ecological impacts damage to ecosystem: effects on physical environment. As considering the economic side, tourism should create the employment opportunities for the local communities in the particular region. After coming of Thenmala ecotourism the local people got jobs, number of them provide tourist with local food and lodging, guide service and locally made handicrafts as a result their community receives substantial direct economic benefit. Moreover Thenmala region brought about variety of other positive changes including more jobs and increased the income of the family and this result an improved standard of living for the population. Abolition of poverty is possible under ecotourism and income generation these are the important objectives of ecotourism.
Considering the negative impact of ecotourism, the maintenance of bio diversity is a critical component of the sustainability. The promoters of ecotourism have forgotten or needful ignoring the principles of ecotourism. As a consequence of this we are facing a new form of ecological imperialism in which western cultural values are being impressed on the indigenous culture through ecotourism. The major interruptions by the local residents and officials in the Thenmala ecotourism project from domestic and foreign tourist are mostly on the destruction of natural habitat, wildlife disturbances and conflicting attitude 23 . Ecotourism is the buzzword in tourism. Exciting industry, government and conservationists like, it has come to embrace environmental friendly, community friendly and market friendly tourism 4 . But even though its value in rising awareness of the relationship between tourism and environment, the term has become misused that it is little worthless cliché, which may be harmful as conventional form of tourism. Another disadvantage of ecotourism, sometimes it may be considered only an extension of tourism marketing. The ecotourism need government or NGO’s proper financial support otherwise it will not work out the expected level. Moreover the concepts of ecotourism will work out only the support and cooperation of the local people. Unless the local people will participate the programme will not be consider an ecotourism.
Ecology is one of the most critical components essential for the well-being of a society and the foundation for a sustainable and powerful economy. Thenmla, with its diverse nature and culture has enjoying a unique place in the pages of history. Thenmala lies on the foothills of Western Ghats, this area coming under the ecologically sensitive area and need special attention and need to preserve or the future generation. Tourism has experienced continued hike and increased diversification becoming one of the fastest developing economic sector in the world. Thenmala ecotourism project is India’s first planned ecotourism project. The ecosystem management in Thenmala attracted tourist from different parts of India. Ecotourism can able to contribute to development which is economically, ecologically and socially sustainable. This addresses the fundamental issues like conservation of nature, culture, society and promotion of traditional knowledge by developing tourism through community participation. In the functioning of Thenmala ecotourism local people have significant role than any other agency. Endeavour to make tourism and inclusive social experience it is ensure to that there is access for all especially the vulnerable and disadvantaged communities in the society.
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[17] | Thenmala Panchayath, Vikasanarekha (Development log), 2009, p.3. | ||
In article | |||
[18] | District Census Handbook-Kollam, Census of India - Kerala, Directorate of Census operation of Kerala, Part XII-A, Series 33, 2011. | ||
In article | |||
[19] | Ajil Babu R, “Ecotourism; Multiplier waves: Learning experience of Thenmala Ecotourism Project in Kerala, India”, , 4 (5). 19-22. November- December 2012. | ||
In article | |||
[20] | https://www.idukkiblocktourism.gov.in, Department of Information and Technology, Idukki Block Tourism, Kerala. | ||
In article | |||
[21] | Endemism refers to any species which is exhaustively confined to a particular geographical area and occurs now here else in the world. The area of occurrence of n endemic species need to be protected in it’s entirely. The precise demarcation of the area may take into account population density of the endemic species. | ||
In article | |||
[22] | Nandakumar, T. “Myristica Swamps, a Vanishing ecosystem in Western Ghats”, , Thiruvanathapuram, June, 2012. | ||
In article | |||
[23] | Manoj P.K, “Impact of Ecotourism: Evidence from Thenmala Ecotourism Destination in Kollam District, Kerala”, , 4 (1). 42-53. January 2017. | ||
In article | |||
Published with license by Science and Education Publishing, Copyright © 2020 Sreerekha. M
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Students are often asked to write an essay on Tourism in Kerala in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.
Let’s take a look…
Introduction to kerala.
Kerala, often referred to as ‘God’s Own Country’, is a beautiful state in India. It’s famous for its unique culture, rich biodiversity, and scenic landscapes.
Kerala is blessed with stunning natural attractions. From the serene backwaters to the lush green hills, it offers a visual treat to tourists.
The state’s rich cultural heritage is another major draw. It’s known for traditional art forms like Kathakali and Mohiniyattam.
In conclusion, Kerala’s natural beauty and cultural richness make it a must-visit destination for tourists.
Introduction, geographical diversity.
Kerala’s geographical diversity is one of its main attractions. From the high-altitude Western Ghats to the serene backwaters, Kerala’s landscapes offer a visual treat. The state’s pristine beaches, such as Kovalam and Varkala, are popular for their tranquility and natural beauty. The hill stations like Munnar and Wayanad are known for their lush green tea and spice plantations.
Kerala’s rich cultural heritage is another major attraction for tourists. The state’s traditional art forms like Kathakali, Mohiniyattam, and Theyyam, are unique and offer a glimpse into Kerala’s vibrant culture. The festivals, such as Onam and Thrissur Pooram, are grand celebrations that draw tourists from around the world.
Kerala is a pioneer in eco-tourism, with initiatives like responsible tourism in Kumarakom and community-based tourism in Wayanad. These programs ensure the preservation of the local ecology while providing livelihood opportunities for the local community.
In conclusion, Kerala’s diverse geography, rich cultural heritage, and commitment to sustainable tourism make it a must-visit destination. As a model of sustainable and inclusive tourism, Kerala offers valuable lessons for other regions aiming to balance tourism with environmental and cultural preservation.
Kerala, often referred to as ‘God’s Own Country,’ is a state in India known for its enchanting beauty and diverse culture. Its unique geographic location, sandwiched between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats, provides it with an array of captivating landscapes, making it an irresistible destination for tourists worldwide.
Kerala’s cultural richness is another aspect that sets it apart. The state is a melting pot of numerous religions and communities, each adding a unique flavor to its cultural fabric. Festivals like Onam, Vishu, and Thrissur Pooram are celebrated with great fervor, showcasing the state’s vibrant traditions. The state’s art forms, such as Kathakali, Mohiniyattam, and Theyyam, are a visual treat for tourists, offering a glimpse into the region’s rich cultural heritage.
Kerala has been a pioneer in implementing eco-tourism initiatives. The state recognizes the importance of sustainable tourism and has taken steps to ensure that tourism activities do not harm the environment. Eco-tourism projects like Thenmala and initiatives like responsible tourism in Kumarakom and Wayanad are examples of the state’s commitment to sustainable tourism.
Challenges and prospects.
Despite its successes, Kerala’s tourism industry faces several challenges. Environmental degradation, inadequate infrastructure, and the impact of climate change are some of the issues that need to be addressed. However, with proper planning and sustainable practices, these challenges can be overcome. The state’s recent focus on digital marketing and experiential tourism indicates a promising future for Kerala’s tourism industry.
In conclusion, Kerala’s tourism industry is a perfect blend of natural beauty, cultural richness, and innovative initiatives. While challenges exist, the state’s commitment to sustainable practices and its adaptability to changing trends provide a positive outlook. Indeed, Kerala’s tourism industry serves as a model for other regions, demonstrating how to effectively leverage natural and cultural assets while ensuring sustainability.
Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .
Happy studying!
After exploring how to travel responsibly in India here , it’s now time for this small state in the South of the subcontinent. Welcome to the ultimate guide to sustainable travel and ecotourism in Kerala!
Located on the western tip of India, Kerala is famous for its tranquil backwaters, charming houseboats, and… ecotourism opportunities!
If you can only manage a short stay in India, this is the place to be. With over 600 miles of beaches along the Arabian Sea and 44 major rivers , Kerala is the perfect destination if you’re looking to soak up the sun along a shoreline.
It also has a lot to offer in terms of hospitality. From small hostels to luxury resorts, from relaxing sandy beaches to adrenaline-filled water sports, there’s something for everyone.
Unfortunately, all that popularity comes at a cost. Overtourism is putting a strain on the locals and their lifestyle, cruise ships are disrupting the marine ecosystems, and backwaters are jam-packed with houseboats.
This guide is here to help you plan a responsible trip without giving up any of the fun. Read on to learn more about sustainability and ecotourism in Kerala .
Every time of the year has its perks when it comes to visiting Kerala. However, certain months are better than others depending on the kind of trip you’re looking for.
You certainly don’t want to plan a beach vacation during the monsoon season, just like you want to be prepared for the summer heat in March-May.
Let’s take a closer look.
The winter season goes from September through February in Kerala and it’s considered by most the best time to visit.
The monsoon season has just passed and everything is emerald green , temperatures are not at their highest yet but it’s warm enough, and national parks are ready to reopen.
The downside is that high season also means high prices , crowds everywhere, and the toll of overtourism on the locals. If you decide to go during these months, do your best to support the local communities and minimize the negative impacts of your presence there.
Luckily, it’s possible to easily travel off the beaten path in India. Apart from a few popular destinations, there are lots of undiscovered spots that are just as charming.
If you’re looking to travel outside of the peak times , definitely consider visiting in the shoulder season from March through May. You’ll avoid the larger crowds and won’t overwhelm local areas.
It is much warmer and more humid, with temperatures hitting 35-40C (95-104F).
Not surprisingly this is the perfect time to go to the beach and enjoy the sun or escape the heat and hike in the mountains.
Visiting hill stations is also a tourist favorite and there’s no shortage of festivals where you can see for yourself how colorful and charismatic India can be.
Finally, how not to mention safaris . Because of the high temperatures, elephants and other animals spend most of the time near water and you have the best chances to spot them. Just make sure you pick an ethical operator!
The monsoons usually reach the coasts of Kerala in early June and bring heavy rain and lightning with them. The weather becomes very unstable and it may be sunny one moment and pouring the next.
Although you may be lucky and get only a couple of hours of rain a day, your options are still very limited. Most national parks close during the monsoon season and so do many resorts and tourism establishments.
On a positive note, prices are extremely low and it could be the perfect opportunity to stay at a yoga retreat or do other indoor activities on a budget.
Keep in mind that flooding is common during the monsoon season. If you’re not traveling on a flexible schedule or are not familiar with the area, it is recommended to stick to the main cities where you can get the best assistance.
Kerala is full of eco-friendly and ethical reserves, as well as stunning nature parks.
Here are some of the best ecotourism destinations in Kerala.
Thenmala is “India’s First Planned Ecotourism Destination” and deservingly tops this list.
They offer a wide variety of activities : hiking and trekking, mountain biking, rock climbing, butterfly safaris, boat tours, and more. I really recommend the guided trekking along the Shenduruney Wildlife Sanctuary – for less than $2 you can get a glimpse of the natural beauty of this area and hopefully spot some wildlife.
As for most of the activities, there’s a minimum number of participants required, but you can also cover the entire fee and go by yourself. I was traveling solo and there were no other tourists – for a little over $7 I could go on the tour anyway.
If you want to make the most of it, you can book their package that includes an overnight stay and most of the activities.
Nearby are the Palaruvi Waterfalls which are worth a visit if you have an extra day.
Located in Trivandrum, this sanctuary covers over 53 sq. km. of forest and is home to over 400 species . It is part of one of the 34 biodiversity hotspots in the world, the Western Ghats. Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary is especially good for bird watchers and butterfly lovers .
This is a popular ecotourism destination in Kerala thanks to the collaboration of the Kerala tourist board and the Forest Department which makes sure the tours and other activities don’t harm the environment and wildlife.
For example, all treks must be approved by the Forest Department after assessing their impact.
Just over 30km away is Ponmudi , an off-the-beaten-path hill station that offers hiking, rock climbing, and mountaineering opportunities as well as an amazing view of the hills.
This national park is located in the Kannan Devan hills, in the southern section of the Western Ghats. With a background of tea plantations, this gorgeous park is unlike any other.
The Neelakurinji Trail is probably the most popular as it takes its name from the stunning Neelakurinji flowers that bloom every 12 years in this park.
Eravikulam is also famous for being the natural habitat for the Nilgiri Tahr , an endangered mountain goat on the red list of the IUCN.
Because of that, the park has been separated into three regions : core, buffer, and tourism, which is the only area where tourists can enter while the others are kept untouched.
Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary and Tiger Reserve is home to some of the finest wildlife in India. There are many hiking opportunities that can even be extended to an overnight stay at the campsite if you want to walk along the Tiger Trails .
The sanctuary has a pretty ethical approach to wildlife – tourists are not allowed to feed or interact with the animals during the tours and are warned not to disturb the wildlife.
Unfortunately, elephant rides still take place at Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary and involve more and more elephants as the destination grows in popularity.
While it is true that facilities that offer animal rides are unethical and should be avoided, it should also be noted that the tiger population in the park is very unstable and the money earned through elephant rides funds a great portion of its conservation.
So, it comes down to a personal choice whether you want to visit this park anyway or do something else. I preferred visiting another park that doesn’t offer elephant rides, and Periyar didn’t really fit into my itinerary anyway. But still wanted to mention it in this list because you can explore the park responsibly .
For example, you could support their conservation efforts by participating in hiking tours or other activities that don’t involve close contact with the wildlife. This way you could still contribute without any animal exploitation involved. I’d still recommend not going on elephant rides regardless of how the money is used afterward.
Located in the north of the state, Kadalundi is one of the best ecotourism spots in Kerala and the perfect day trip from Calicut (Kozhikode). A few meters away from the train station is the Kadalundi Bird Sanctuary which attracts tourists from all over for its stunning views of the estuary , the mangrove forest , and – of course – the birds!
There’s a boat service that takes you through the mangroves and gives you the best chance to encounter migratory birds looking for fish and crabs along the river. The best time to go is in December , but it’s worth visiting all year round – you may not be able to see many species of birds in the low season but the mangrove ecosystem is still very impressive.
Once you’re done with the boat tour, take a walk along the banks and go grab a bite from the local restaurants nearby. Although fish is their specialty, there’s no shortage of vegan and vegetarian options.
If you’re in the mood for some shopping, Kadalundi and the surrounding area are famous for traditional handicrafts – it could be a great opportunity to find unique souvenirs to bring back home and support the local community at the same time.
Although there’s still a lot of room for improvement, Kerala sets the standard for what ecotourism should include in India. With initiatives emphasizing sustainability for both locals and travelers, this Indian state truly is working towards more responsible solutions for tourists. We should contribute to these efforts by not supporting unsustainable practices ourselves and trying to benefit the locals instead.
So, what can we do ?
A lot that can be said about responsible tourism in Kerala is also true about the entire country. For extra details and tips, check out my sustainable travel guide to India .
If you’re going to an area as rich with life as India, you must check out the local wildlife.
There are a lot of ecotourism projects in Kerala promoting ethical animal tourism and it’d be great if you could add one of them to your itinerary.
Unfortunately, they are still not able to raise enough funds to cover the massive conservation costs.
This is why unethical practices such as elephant rides are sometimes inevitable and necessary to the conservation and survival of other species. Sustainable activities such as safaris are available but not equally profitable at the moment.
What’s the best thing to do then – what’s ethical or what’s useful? It’s not easy to tell, but here are two tips on wildlife tourism in Kerala.
Yes, I just said that elephant rides are often fundamental to funding other conservation initiatives. They also are a source of income for the local community and keep many people away from poaching – running a business with elephant rides is so much more profitable than hunting them and reselling their ivory tusks on the black market.
However, this doesn’t mean that we should ignore the impact of rides on animal welfare. Something like this can be tolerated while there are no other options in the short term but shouldn’t be actively supported. The idea is to not create more demand for animal rides so that business owners will gradually shift to alternative ways of making money. You can (and should) still support the community by staying at local accommodations and eating at local restaurants .
Animals like elephants, camels, and monkeys are commonly used for performances during festivals. People paint their skin, decorate them with ornaments, play polo on elephants, and watch camel races.
These activities are incompatible with animal welfare and shouldn’t be supported.
You may think it doesn’t make much of a difference if you stay away from an elephant when there are hundreds of people teasing and poking it – but it does.
Once again, you can find more details and resources in my sustainable travel guide to India .
Houseboats are probably what put Kerala on the map. Before they became popular, tourists were not able to explore the backwaters extensively and their stays were limited to very few locations.
As the word spread, Kerala became extremely popular and houseboats started popping out everywhere as accommodation, transportation, and tourist attractions.
Unfortunately, the locals are the ones paying the price for this uncontrolled growth . While houseboats do bring a lot of tourist money into the local economy, the environment and the lifestyle of the residents are deeply affected.
Locals rely on the backwaters for drinking water, transportation, fishing, and rice farming. As houseboats pollute them with plastic waste , sewage , and oil from the engines, the water is no longer safe to drink and the fish population has sharply declined over the years.
It’s also become unsafe for the locals to move around by kayak because of the numerous accidents caused by houseboats and the overcrowding of the backwaters.
Finally, tourists constantly violate the privacy of those living along the streams by taking pictures of them while they relax in their gardens or go on with their daily life.
What can you do?
Peak times (December-February) are obviously the most crowded and traveling between March and May puts less pressure on the locals and the environment. It is not recommended to travel during the monsoon season instead.
Traveling off the beaten path is another way to avoid overtourism. Do a little extra research and you’ll discover incredible hidden gems.
Due to the backwaters being so crowded, a day tour will only allow you to travel a short distance and contribute even more to the issue. Instead, a longer tour can take you further away to less popular areas. This benefits the local community and the quality of your stay.
The most effective way to benefit a community is to spend time (and possibly money) in the local shops, restaurants, and accommodations. So, instead of spending day and night on the houseboat, get off and explore!
With Kerala becoming a popular tourist destination, a lot of international companies and tour operators are jumping into this growing market. By doing so, they take potential profits away from the locals and don’t reinvest in the community. Try to avoid this and make sure the stay you book is locally-owned .
The local government is finally trying to regulate houseboats and minimize their impact on the environment. In addition, some owners are taking action on their own initiative and powering their houseboats with solar power , using water filters , and providing plastic-free meals.
Check their website or email them to ask if they’re taking any of these steps toward sustainability . Unfortunately, it’s not that common yet and it’s a bit like looking for a needle in a haystack. But who knows – you may be lucky, or at least you’ll have hinted to them that visitors are interested in the environmental impact of their boats.
If you’re going to the land of ecotourism, you’ll want to stay in the most eco-friendly accommodation. Good thing Kerala is full of them.
From budget-friendly to the most luxurious resorts, Kerala has eco-friendly accommodations for any budget . There are many options to choose from, but here are some we like.
1. Thekkady Spice Village
This village in the mountains emphasizes ecology , community , and culture . Over 75% of the energy used is solar, and the majority of the food eaten is grown in their gardens. At the Spice Village, you can introduce yourself to new and fragrant spices, learn how to upgrade bio-waste to make your own paper, or take a trek to the Periyar Tiger Reserve with an indigenous guide .
2. Indhrivanam
With many practices focusing on sustainability, you’ll be sure to have a luxury experience unlike any other. Situated in a private forest , there is just one cottage available for visitors. Among other things, this accommodation harvests rainwater and uses only natural or cruelty-free products . All food served is vegan .
3. Amritara Shalimar Spice Garden
This affordable three-star hotel will connect you to nature’s silence and relax your mind. Located near a cardamom plantation tiger reserve , there is an activity for any type of nature lover.
There are many ways to travel around Kerala. Taking a bus or hiring a car are options, although I recommend using their train system or renting a motorbike or bicycle. Anyway, here are 3 apps you may find useful to navigate the transportation system in Kerala (and India).
This offline map makes it easy to travel anywhere without getting lost. This is excellent for those using public transportation or walking/cycling. Never get lost again!
Incredible India
Created by India’s Ministry of Tourism, this app offers information about sightseeing locations, restaurants, and landmarks.
IRCTC Rail Connect
If you’re looking to travel by train, this app is for you. Launched by the government, this app can be used for online rail booking, train routes, and seat availability.
Kerala is an affordable destination for many travelers. With options ranging from true backpacker to the height of luxury, you truly are able to spend as much or as little as you want.
On average, expect to pay around $30 per day , with $20 going towards accommodation, $6 towards food, and $4 towards transportation.
If you’re looking to stretch your money, opt for cheaper eco-friendly rooms and local street food, and take public transportation rather than private cars.
Trains are a very efficient way to move around India and the overnight ones allow you to save time during the day and money for accommodation.
Once you get to your destination, bicycles are the way to go if you want to get around on your own, and can be rented for as little as $5 per day. Kerala is truly a stunning state that you won’t be able to get enough of, so rent that bicycle and take scenic routes to each location you visit.
Luxury options are always available, and many of them offer incredibly eco-friendly experiences.
Pick and choose what works for you and, if possible, make it a responsible trip!
Kerala just might be the ultimate destination for eco-tourists. With long stretches of seaside, rivers, jungles, and cities, this Indian state has it all.
It is also incredibly easy to encourage sustainable tourism in Kerala. Many accommodations are eco-friendly, as are activities and bucket-list experiences.
If you’re looking to travel sustainably, do check out this must-visit destination.
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The recorded forest area in Kerala is 1112559 sq.kms. Forest, wetlands, mangroves, and aquatic ecosystems are the major types of ecosystems in Kerala. As per official classification, Kerala has 41 west-flowing rivers and 3 east-flowing rivers. Unlike many other states in India, Kerala is rich with evergreen forests.
ECOTOURISM AND SUST AINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN K ERALA: SOME EMPIRICA L EVIDENCE. Dr. Manoj P K* Vidya Viswanath**. *Assistant Professor, Department o f Applied Economics ,Cochin University of Science ...
There are around 50 active ecotourism spots within in Kerala. The ecotourism destinations had been exclusively under the control of the forest department till 2005 and a 'people exclusive' conservation paradigm was followed, but in 2006, a consortium of local community members, Forest Development Agency (FDA) was formed to run the show with ...
IMPEDIMENTS WITH FOCUS ON ECO-TOUR ISM. Dr. Manoj P K. Faculty, Dept. of Applied Economics, Cochin University of Science and Technolog y, Kochi - 682 022 (KERALA). Abstract of the Paper ...
Kerala is well known for its eco-tourism initiatives, beautiful backwaters, and unique culture and traditions. Kerala is also unique due to its fascinating geographic diversity compared to other Indian states. Thus, Kerala offers a range of tourist attractions and experiences, as noted by Edward & George (2008).
The study's objectives encompass comprehending tourist satisfaction with Kerala Forest ecotourism's products and services and discerning whether satisfaction varies among foreign, domestic ...
Eco tourism in Kerala Kerala is a land blessed with natural attractions and is a suitable place for the development of ecotourism. The major attractions for developing ecotourism in Kerala are the natural resources like hillstations, various species of flora and fauna, wild life sanctuaries, national parks, valleys and mountains.
People" focus on Thenmala eco-tourism project in Kerala. The paper seeks to identify the major problems and benefits of tourism to the locality and its inhabitants. III. Significance of the Study Ecotourism in Kerala has gaining worldwide attention because Kerala has many destinations known for their natural beauty and exquisite landscape.
son who practices ecotourism has the opportunity of immers-ing himself/herself in nature in a manner generally not availa-ble in the urban environment Ecotourism in Kerala The state of Kerala, forming part of the Western Ghats, con-tains a protected area of 2,324 sq.km in two National Parks and 12 Wildlife Sanctuaries. The Western Ghats of Kerala,
Major ecotourism resources of Kerala are 14 Wildlife Sanctuaries, 6 National parks, several scenic mountains, freshwater lakes, mangroves, etc. In Kerala 56 places have been identified for development as ecotourism destinations emphasizing conservation, ecological sustainability, environmental education, and local community benefits.
Abstract. The purpose of this article is to describe and evaluate the ecotourism project at the Periyar Tiger Reserve (Thekkady), in Kerala, India. The Ministry of Environment has undertaken to promote local community participation in forest management, through the "India - Eco - Development" programme in seven states.
Kerala is the perfect eco-tourism with all its greenery and natural beauty. Thenmala is developing as a major tourist centre in Kerala. Along with its natural beauty attempts are made by Tourism Department, Government of Kerala to promote Thenmala as a holidaying spot. ... Department of Tourism, published articles, research papers, Economic ...
Explore the top 10 Ecotourism in Kerala, India, and experience the magic of nature. Discover wildlife sanctuaries, eco-friendly resorts, organic farms, and more, all while embracing sustainable travel practices. Immerse yourself in Kerala's rich biodiversity and cultural heritage for an unforgettable adventure.
While Kumbalangi is selected to represent backwater tourism, Cherai and Munnar successively represented beach and high range tourism., This paper argues that all three destinations have failed in the areas of environmental sustainability, benefits for local people and more revenue generations, each of which is considered a core concern within ...
Economic Review, Kerala State Planning Board, Government of Kerala, for the years 2008 to 2012. Kabia, Sunil K. (2005), Tourism and Environment , Mohit Publications, New Delhi, First Edition.
The present study "Potential and Scope of Ecotourism in Kerala with special focus on Tourists to Ecotourism Destinations in 4 Ranjith M Trivandrum is useful to find, the trend and pattern of tourist arrivals in Kerala and Trivandrum district, their opinion concerning Trivandrum as a tourist site and the facilities provided there and ...
Nature has always been vibrant that we inherent from the past and pass on to future generations to use. There is a symbiotic relationship between ecosystem and socio- economic life of the people. The present study seeks to review certain aspect of ecology and economy in the context of Thenmala ecotourism. Kerala the southernmost state of India and popularly known as God's own country in ...
250 Words Essay on Tourism in Kerala Introduction. Kerala, also known as 'God's Own Country', is a paradise for tourists. Its diverse geographical features and rich cultural heritage make it a unique destination, attracting millions of tourists both domestically and internationally each year. ... Eco-Tourism. Kerala is a pioneer in eco ...
Here are some of the best ecotourism destinations in Kerala. 1. Thenmala. Thenmala is "India's First Planned Ecotourism Destination" and deservingly tops this list. They offer a wide variety of activities: hiking and trekking, mountain biking, rock climbing, butterfly safaris, boat tours, and more.
This study is a continuation of the earlier studies and it focuses on the impact of ecotourism with reference to Thenmala in Kollam district in Kerala - the first planned ecotourism destination ...
16 Ecotourism projects. As many as 16 of the 49 ecotourism projects being taken up by the Directorate of Ecotourism has been thrown open to the tourists already. The main ecotourism spots opened for the public are Neyyar, Kallar, Mankayam, Ponmudi, Shenduruney, Konni, Thekkadi, Thommankuthu, Eravikulam, Chimmney, Parambikulam and Aralam. Explore.
Kerala has an active tourism industry and that has been accepted as one of the most suited industry. Foreign tourist arrival to Kerala during the year 2010 was 6,59,265. It showed an increase of 18.3% over the previous year. Domestic tourist arrival to Kerala during the year 2010 was 85,95,075.
Eco tourism is a growing area in the tourist friendly state of Kerala.Eco tourism in Kerala has taken off in a big way because Kerala has many destinations known for their natural beauty and exquisite landscape. As Kerala is one of the greenest destinations in India,the state is a perfect hub for promoting eco tourism in a big way.. The landscape is covered with coconut palms in the coastal areas.