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Elementary Architecture: 6 Playful Kindergarten Designs From Around the World

Modern kindergarten design brings a sense of playfulness to the stark minimalism of contemporary architecture..

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An often-overlooked aspect of modernism is a concern with childhood education. Architects and designers from Isamu Noguchi to Harry Weese and psychologists such as Maria Montessori and Loris Malaguzzi reconsidered how kids should play and learn. This broad movement helped to dismiss formal and authoritarian ideas on parenting favored in the Victorian area to a friendlier and more egalitarian model. However, there have been wildly divergent ideas on what environment best suits these ideas. In contemporary kindergarten design, distinctive colors and playful flourishes proliferate. Spaces are brightly lit, often with skylights or glass curtain walls. These six kindergartens bring a sense of playfulness to the stark minimalism of contemporary architecture.

The Reggio-Emilia region has long been a world-leader in new approaches to childhood education. After the devastating May 2012 earthquake, Mario Cucinella Architects proposed a bold vision for rebuilding damaged facilities in the small town of Guastalla, located by the Po River north of Reggio Emilia. The kindergarten was designed as a laboratory that would allow for exploration and curiosity. Each classroom is separated by a glass wall, connected by a segmented vertebrae-shaped wooden tunnel. The interior is bright and open, with an accordion-like appearance from the exterior.

Wood is integral to traditional Japanese architecture. While planning a new kindergarten design in Chiba, S.O.Y. LABO. investigated how precision technology could help to create new forms for wooden construction. While the Lunch House may appear as a standard a-frame, the plan is asymmetrical, with a gently curved edge. This detail necessitated precise calculations and careful selection of the correct pieces of timber. On either end, the hall opens to floor-to-ceiling glass windows.

A local furniture company commissioned this kindergarten for their employees’ children. The structure is one-story with a large roof overhang supported by a row of slanted joint columns. The vivid color palette includes mint green, magenta and teal. Space allocation within the kindergarten was influenced by available sunlight, with well-lit spaces for studying and darker spaces for nap time. In addition to the school, there is a large playground with a sandpit.

A rainbow of dyed planks cascade over a corrugated polycarbonate core in the Little Hall at Prestwood Infant School. Each plank is differently sized to create an organic landscape around the edge of the structure. The interior is more muted, but maintains a connection to the hues of the facade with colorful storage boxes. The space has an assortment of windows and skylights, letting in plenty of sunlight that bounces off the plywood paneling. As the interior space is composed a single hall, one cement slab covers the floor.

Just outside of Paris, SCHEMAA designed an addition for a local elementary school to house recreation facilities. The new wing helps to create a distinct space for students between the roadway and the main school building, with concrete courts in the middle. The wood-clad extension references the school’s geometric wall of windows with framed segments. The shed-style architecture calls to mind Sea Ranch and the architecture of the 1970s. Skylights and ground level windows contribute to the luminous interior.

Providing ample space for play while meeting stringent energy efficiency measure was the intention behind Abar Arquitecto’s kindergarten design in Sant Pere Pescador. In addition to a green roof, there is a rolling shade that provides solar insulation in the summer as well as shade for the broad courtyard. In contrast to the building’s pre-cast concrete, the fence surrounding the school is in vibrant shades of green.

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Inside the world’s best kindergarten

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At Fuji Kindergarten outside Tokyo, kids make the most of a magical environment designed just for them. The roof of their oval-shaped school, designed by Tokyo-based firm Tezuka Architects, is an endless playground, and trees grow right through classrooms.

So how do you build to let children be children? Says Takaharu Tezuka (TED Talk: The best kindergarten you’ve ever seen ): Think like a kid. He was inspired by his own daughter and son, now twelve and nine, who he says “have become a part of his body.” As they grew up, their habits and desires became his, and in designing his school with his wife, Yui, he only needed to channel them to know what to build. Explore the school and dive into Daddy and Mommy Tezuka’s kid-centered design thinking.

The playground lets kids run forever

“We designed the school as a circle, with a kind of endless circulation. When we started, I had no preconceived notions. Studying other kindergartens was like looking in the rearview mirror of a car: Even if you look very closely, you can’t see anything in front.”

Kids can slide to class

“We put in a small mound of dirt at the bottom of the stairs leading from the roof — this was a trick to make the stairs shorter. But then the children started taking away the dirt to make mud bowls — 6oo kids take mud away, and the mound started to disappear! The school had to keep asking the construction company to put mud back. (As the soil got harder, the kids stopped taking it home.) See the slide? I knew kids love to slide, but I actually wasn’t very keen on putting it in, because it tells children what they should and shouldn’t do. Without tools, the kids have to think for themselves and create games. But in the end we kept it: We needed a fire escape.”

Safety drills are super cute

“Japan gets ten percent of the world’s big earthquakes, so children have these earthquake drills. They take these cotton hats from under the table to protect their heads in case something falls. It’s a very Japanese thing.”

Being a non-human animal is encouraged

“Japanese building code says you have to have a vertical handrail with bars 100 millimeters apart so the kids can’t put their heads through. But: They can put their legs in, and kids love to swing their legs. Chimpanzees do the exact same thing — it’s a kind of instinct. And the way they do that is so cute.”

Anything can be a toy

“We had to build around the trees already there on the land. It wasn’t easy — we couldn’t cut the roots, which spread as wide as the tree crowns. We added these safety nets so the students wouldn’t fall through the holes around the trees. But I know kids, and they love to play with nets. Whenever they see a hammock, they want to jump into it, to shake it. These were really just an excuse for me to give the kids another way to play.”

Skylights for peekaboo

“The kids love to look through the skylights from the roof. ‘Where’s my friend?’ ‘What’s going on underneath in class?’ And when you look down, you always see kids looking up from below. Here, distraction is supposed to happen. There are no walls between classrooms, so noise floats freely from one class to the other, and from outside to inside. We consider noise very important. When you put children in a quiet box, some of them get really nervous.”

A chair can be a train

“Every month at Fuji the teachers and kids rearrange the classroom furniture. This little boy and girl were supposed to help make a new configuration, but they’re useless! They’re playing train instead. We filled the school with about 600 of these boxes, which are made from this very light wood known as kiri wood. It won’t hurt the kids if they hit their heads on the corner.”

A place for water-cooler talk

“These days Japanese kids only talk to computers. I hate it. I thought, if we put a well in each classroom, they’ll be forced to talk to each other. There’s a phrase in Japanese, ido bata kaigi , which means, ‘conference around the well.’ Women used to meet and exchange information when they went to get water. I wanted the children to do the same.”

Kids can also climb to class

“In 2011, we built an annex to the school with two more classrooms and some playing areas. We called it ‘Ring around the Tree,’ because when the architect Peter Cook visited he said it reminded him of the song ‘Ring Around the Rosie.’ I thought the tree should be more important than the building, so I made the building as light as possible. In this school, children are encouraged to climb trees. If a kid is strong enough, they can reach the upper level without using the stairs. Other schools might not allow this, but the principal here believes children know their own limits. They stop when they have to stop.”

Photos courtesy of Tezuka Architects. Photo of the “Ring Around the Tree” building by Katsuhisa Kida/FOTOTECA.

About the author

Thu-Huong Ha is a freelance writer. Previously she was the books and culture reporter for Quartz and the context editor at TED. Her writing has also appeared on Slate and in The New York Times Book Review. Her debut novel, Hail Caesar, was published in 2007 by PUSH, a YA imprint of Scholastic, and was named an NYPL Book for the Teen Age. Follow her at twitter.com/thu

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• child development

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Tokyo kindergarten by Tezuka Architects lets children run free on the roof

The oval-shaped roof deck of this playful Tokyo  kindergarten  allows children to play and run endless laps around it – a feature that has just won it the 2017 Moriyama RAIC International Prize.

Completed by  Tezuka Architects  10 years ago, Fuji Kindergarten is located in the Tachikawa suburb of the city. It accommodates 600 children aged between two and six.

The school follows the Montessori Method, an educational approach where children are given freedom to range around the classroom and learn via discovery.

Rather than impose physical boundaries on the children, Tokyo-based architect Takaharu Tezuka designed the kindergarten as a continuous space that allows for unfettered learning and play.

He calls his concept the "nostalgic future", where he looks at the way children would naturally choose to play without gadgets and screens, then facilitates it with future-forward designs.

The project has been awarded this year's  Moriyama RAIC International Prize , which recognises a work of architecture considered "transformative within its societal context".

There is no play equipment installed, instead the architecture itself functions as a giant playground. Children are allowed to move about freely, fall down and get wet within a safe environment.

"Because the building is a ring they are looking at each other, Tezuka told Dezeen. "There is no sense of a middle. The children learn to be fair to everybody, they learn how to be a part of a nice group."

The roof area doubles as a playground and a running track, giving the students an endless ring to chase each other around. The deck was built around the existing zelkova trees, with nets placed around the base to allow for easy climbing.

When the children first started interacting the building it was an emotional moment.

"It was simple, they just started running, said Tezuka. "It was beyond our expectations. I was sitting with the principal and everyone had tears. It was amazing, an instant reaction."

Handrails around the edge act as a safety barrier and allow the inner courtyard to be turned into an arena. The railings are close enough together that children won't get their heads stuck, but allow them to sit with their legs dangling through.

The roof height is only 2.1 metres tall, allowing a close connection between the levels. Children can scramble up a bank and climb a set of stairs to reach a slide from the deck back to the ground.

Skylights are built into the deck, letting natural light into the classrooms below and providing the children with a porthole to peek at their classmates through. Five gargoyles channel rainwater into water butts, creating impromptu waterfalls for students to play in during wet weather.

At ground level, sliding doors allow the classrooms to be open to the elements during good weather. Instead of dividing walls, the architects created child-sized boxes made from light wood with rounded edges that can be stacked to create shelves and display areas.

Tezuka believes standard classroom design is unnatural and counter productive to a positive learning environment. The free plan design encourages independence and collaboration, without forcing children to sit still and silent for long periods of time.

By leaving the classrooms open, the sound of 600 children creates the level of white noise found in natural environments. Tezuka got the idea when he met the composer and molecular biologist Tsutomu Ohashi while on holiday in Bali.

Listening back to a recording of an Indonesian music performance Ohashi invited him to, he realised the sound was obscured by the noise of the jungle he had been able to unconsciously filter whilst watching the show.

"Just as a fish cannot live in purified water, children cannot live in a clean, quiet and controlled environment," he said.

Photography is by Katsuhisa Kida.

• Architecture
• Kindergartens
• Playgrounds
• Tezuka Architects

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How to Interior Design a KinderGarten ClassRoom

How to Interior design for a Kindergarten classroom? Interiors for Kindergarten, Play or preschool needs a careful attention to details as these facilities involve dealing with children at their tender age. Emphasis on safety, homely environment along with learning tools are key to any kindergarten school.

1.     Safety at the Top

Safety should be of the most priority while designing a kindergarten school. Though there are many rules, regulation already in place, there are few major points to take care of in brief.

• Spaces should be designed in a way that children should be visible nearly all the times. the open and well monitored spaces reduce the possibility of abuse and bullying.
• Hazardous item like kitchen knives, medications, power sockets and tools should be out of reach of children.
• Emergency exit area, fire paths and rescue lines should be well defined and kept unhindered.
• Mandatory Use of nontoxic materials like glues, colours, paints, chalk and markers inside school environment.

2.     Place for White or chalk board

• While designing for Kindergarten classroom, focus should be upon to find a Proper place for chalk, white or smartboard on wall having the most viewable angle.
• Though chalk board are still the most common writing medium in school, chalk dust can cause problems to asthmatic environment.
• White boards are becoming popular as writing medium as they are now easy to clean with use dry markers. These markers are generally odourless and safer than chalk.
• Smartboards are new trends, as they can be connected with laptop and able to run graphics, visual media, presentations etc. As they are numerous possibilities associated with it, with little technical and operational training, this is a fun for both teachers and students.

3.     Space to display information

There should be plenty of space on walls to display various information and guidelines inside kindergarten premises esp. on walls.

Information about student roles in classroom, directions to staff and kids, schedule for various activities, List of buses and their timings, List of activities and their respective in charge, there are a lot of information which should be easily visible on walls.

Information writing should consist of large words and supported with graphics where ever possible to make it easier to understand for children.

4.     A large meeting places

As Kindergarten schools imparts learning through informal ways, hence instead of fixed arrangement of seating there are generally flexible options for children to sit.

In general, there is usually a large space in between of classroom typically with low ht. big sized round table to be used as children group reading and activity area, eating or sometimes even to take a nap.

Generally, teachers need a relatively high chair for sitting during reading story book or teaching lesson so that they can be easily seen by all.

For children, a soft, low height, warm coloured chairs are preferred. Upholstered chairs are less preferable because of possible allergy issues with them and they tend to be bit dusty and soiled as the time pass.

Never use rocking or swivel chairs as children use to do stunts with them, which can create grave injuries and hazard. Additionally, these types of chairs often create distraction among children.

5.     Working Areas

Provide for assigned seating with tables. Tables should be circular or curved edge rectangular to avoid injuries through sharp cuts. There should be enough chairs with few extra. Metal is preferred over wood in longer runs, as they are generally moulded and free from nails and clips.

Tables are preferred over individual desks as it promotes community and cooperation among children. Young children often find it difficult to sit alone rather than in company of others.

Though if a space is large enough, we can make a combination of tables and desks. Generally working on sheets are easier on personal desk but giving demonstration or hands on experience, which everyone can see, is easier on large sized tables.

6.     A space to keep personal belongings

Kindergartens ought to have simple and clean organising system where children can keep their belongings like bags, lunchbox, jackets etc.

There are reservations over what is better place to keep belongings, in classroom or hallway.

Belongings kept in classrooms at one hand discourage kids to go out of class where it is hard to monitor them but on the other hand kids often tend to reach their cubbies at short intervals thus creating distractions. Thoth sometimes it only dictated by availability of space inside kindergarten.

Generally, lockers are less preferable as kids tend to hide in or play dangerously with them. Cubbies are more preferred.

Inside classroom, A personal restricted space for teachers to keep computers, notebook and reading materials where children can not reach easily.

7.     Carefully planes Wall space.

Kindergarten is a unique place where walls matters more than floors. Usually there is such a wealth of information to be published on walls that’s too in big fonts and supported by graphics that teachers soon reach a point of insufficient space to display info on walls. Then the need to prioritize what need to be there on walls and what can be do away with.

• Information display such as alphabets, classroom rules, directions, maps, posters. Make sure that information displays are useful and supported by graphics to make it enjoyable to read.
• Students work, as it gives child as sense of pleasure and participation. It also makes classroom atmosphere more personal and creative. Cautions need to be taken in putting all students work on walls rather than that’s of comparatively most creative and artistic ones.
• Few items of Art or beautiful things, which a teacher really wants to display as matter of his or her choice, as the classroom not only belong to kids but teachers too.

8.     Classroom Library

Kindergarten or play schools are more a place of learning rateher than teaching. Books are the focus of classroom environment. The arrangement oad organisation of books matters as much as them selves so that children can easily find them.

It is preferred to have multiple small shelves divided along various reading subjects like Animal books, stories, sports books etc. The classification should be logical and easy to be guessed. Division along small shelves not only help to find various topics easily it also help to avoid heaps and subsequent tumbling of books one over other.

Carefully audit topics of books. Have they been divided along lines? If there is a book on animal, or environment or poverty. There should be as much as diversity as possible in books categories.

Care should be given to provide ample lighting and place to read comfortably either in sitting or lying position.

9.     Avoid overdo things

Avoid overdo things as in their enthusiasm, teachers tend to do few common mistakes.

• Don’t put too many things on walls. Though there is always a lot to be displayed on walls, cluttering will tend to distract focus from things displayed on walls. Various displays should be at optimum distance from one another. While there are things like maps, classroom rules, birthday reminders and activity schedules are important to be placed permanently, the other displays of creativity might be changed or rotated on routine basis to keep wall fresh and less uncluttered.
• Avoid too many bright or pop colours. This is tempting choice seen in many poorly designed play schools that they tend to fill walls and furniture’s with too many super saturated colures. They may look great for little time but actually cause over simulation & distraction among children. Instead use cool soft Pestal colours, off white or some pinch of pop colours.
• Don’t rely too much of words, instead use of graphics as much as possible. Though now a day’s kindergarten students come with basic understanding of words but still they can’t be considered as par with adults. Few children with special needs have difficulty in reading, so convey things through images, sketches wherever possible.

Designing for Kindergarten, Pre or play schools are a creative as well as sensible task. If you are planning to open such facility for children, you should definitely take assistance of specialized Architect or Interior designers for the same.

DesignWud – Top Play school Architect and Interior Designer in Delhi NCR

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Kindergarten Design: 5 Colour Design Elements

by Kimmy Chia | Aug 5, 2021 | Interior Design

Colour is a power that directly influences the soul. ~ Wassily Kandinsky

The kindergarten design must always meet the physical and mental needs of children as well as the teaching goals of kindergarten. It is important to create a safe and rich learning environment for the children. Colour is one of the major design elements when it comes to interior design and renovation. The function of the colour in kindergarten design needs to focus on the comfort level of children in space.

As a designer for kindergarten interior , it’s not only about mastering interior design skills but to understanding the psychological development law of children to have a better understanding to create a high-quality learning environment .

Today, we are going to talk about colour matching and the use of colours in kindergarten design as research shows that children’s colour preference is closely related to their emotions and personality, which reflects children’s psychological feelings, such as happiness or sadness. As a second home for children, the colour design in kindergarten is very important.

Colour Design In Kindergarten

• Colour Psychology
• Colour Concept
• Colour for Playing Area
• Colour Relationship
• Exchange Space Colour

1. Colour Psychology

The knowledge of colour psychology should be applied in the kindergarten design because different colours will stimulate different emotions . In fact, colour has a strong impact on developing children’s cognitive and thinking abilities . Early childhood is the most important stage of children’s growth.

Image Credit: Pinterest

A study conducted in 1993 by Boyatzis & Varghese followed by subsequent studies in 2001 and 2003 showed the relationship between colour preferences and student’s performance. Hence, kindergarten design should use colour to define the space’s purpose and identity , as well as improve the teaching and learning experience through the right colour matching.

2. Colour Concept

The concept of being people-oriented should be considered in the colour design in kindergarten. The concept of colour ideas in kindergarten design is used to enrich the learning space where can strengthen children’s spatial awareness, and make the space function more humanized.

Designers should pay attention to the allocation of colours in the classroom to convey a welcoming visual and psychological feeling.

Image Credit: London Image Institute

If you’re new to the concept of colour theory, we have collected a brief overview from DRG Architects mentioning colours’  impact on physical space and its occupants .

• Red : Stimulant; provokes conversation; improves performance/concentration; spurs action.
• Orange:  Uplifting; stimulates critical thinking and memorization; increases appetite.
• Yellow: Promotes awareness; helps to release serotonin for a happy mood.
• Green:  Calming effect; stress reliever; promotes concentration
• Blue: Enhances creativity and alertness; promotes tranquillity; improves overall health, memory, and mood; lessens fatigue and depression.
• Violet : Represents wisdom and authority; respect.
• Pink:  Soothing; reduces heart rate; energizing effect (with saturated shades) or comforting effect (with paler shades).
• Black: Promotes sophistication, security, and efficiency; the absence of colour.
• White:  Conveys sterility, simplicity, clarity, and purity; hygienic.

3. Colour for Playing Area

In kindergarten, children learn, play and have fun. Most of the time, children learn while they play, their behaviour development is cultivated in games . During playing, their communication skills, coordination skills and logical thinking skills are enhanced and improved. With strong curiosity, they are energetic and active in the school.

When it comes to kindergarten design, designers should think about children’s preferences such as their playing needs and increase their interest in interior space. Children love bright colours, in terms of space colour, it is suggested to use warm or light floors for paving.

Image Credit: Design Milk

If the kindergarten has enough space, you can create a space for them to paint as it is an excellent way for them to express their inner world. Painting on the wall is another kind of experience to highlight children’s nature.

4. Colour Relationship

Scientific studies showed that students with learning disabilities and ADHD usually experience distorted colour discrimination . Children’s psychology research also shows that 3-year-old preschool children can’t distinguish different colours well, 4-year-old children’s ability to distinguish different colours gradually improves, 5-year-old children have been able to notice colour saturation, and 6-7-year-old children are more capable of distinguishing subtle differences in colour saturation (Wang, 2020).

It can be seen that the importance and impact of colour on children is crucial for their development. That is why it is necessary to help children form colour vision in kindergarten interior design . It’s not about being colourful but being fun.

Image Credit: Architecture Au

Although bright colour matching is the best option for the colour tone in kindergarten extra use of colours might affect children’s eyesight and cause distraction. Therefore, the overall colour tone should present a harmonious effect . Simple tips: not to match more than three colours in the interior, and consider local decoration as well.

High saturation tones such as “red, yellow and blue” can be used as the main colours, highlighting the main entrance and space division , so that the whole space has a jumping degree while for the interior like the classroom, the colour is light, and then furniture or decoration is used to increase the sense of space .

5. Exchange Space Colour

Talking about space function, we have to consider the needs of children in learning and conducting activities . Imagine the child is crying when he/she refuses to enter the classroom, where the child and the parents should go? Therefore, designing a communication space is important. The communication space serves for relieving children’s discomfort and fear in an unfamiliar environment.

Image Credit: Archdaily

The exchange of colour emotion in space should be based on a soothing and calm mood, which can adopt a neutral colour tone, and the furnishings can be set off with green or wood tone, so as to appropriately increase the natural atmosphere and build a comfortable space environment and colour emotion.

Children, as well as adults, are very aware of colour. Pay attention to the details to strive for a great design .

Looking for a good plan design for your kindergarten?  Our experts  are ready to assist you!

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Childcare Center Renovation Singapore  is a reliable company for renovation and interior design. They have about ten years of experience in this field and also have a good reputation from customers.

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Transforming the Kindergarten Experience by Design: A Comparative Research Case Study

2020, Journal of Education and Learning

Kindergarten education is becoming a priority throughout the USA as research shows its importance on later in life outcomes. The State of Washington instated full-day kindergarten for all public-school students beginning in 2016-2017. It "…is part of the state's constitutionally protected definition of 'Basic Education'" (Reykdal, n.d., n.p.), working to support all children in the state. Acting on this new state requirement, one school district chose to design and build a center dedicated solely to kindergarten education, housing approximately 600 kindergarteners. The school was divided into four 'neighborhood pods' each with immediate access to specific activity programs (i.e., dining, interventionists, elective functions) reflecting a new 'expanded push-in' model and reduce transition times. This model was compared with a 'traditionally' operated kindergarten where learners travel to activity programs throughout a campus (i.e., dining, interventionists, electives). A human-centered research design using mixed-methods for this comparison study between an 'expanded push-in' and a 'traditional' model was used to understand the impact of this new architectural solution particularly focused on timing transitions between the classroom and activity program settings. Findings discovered a reduction in the length of transitions between accessing the programs by recaptured seven school days of learning time (approximately 45 hours), when compared to the traditional one, and more positive connections between students/students, teachers/teachers, and students/teachers to build community.

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The Pueblo of Laguna Head Start program is on an American Indian reservation and housed portable classroom buildings. Recognizing the need for a more permanent environment and to offer extended family services, a planning grant was awarded to the Department of Early Childhood to develop a process to engage teachers, staff, parents, and community members in identifying the requirements for a new 320-child facility. Teachers and community members conducted an assessment of their present facilities, explored alternative playroom shapes, and proposed a facility layout using graphic symbols corresponding to all functions. The design of the Center represents the culmination of community workshops and interviews with teachers, staff, administrators and pueblo residents.

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Nandanam Kindergarten | PATH Architects & Planners

Nandanam Kindergarten is located in Cultural Zone, close to Matrimandir- the spiritual center of Auroville, Tamil Nadu, India. It was conceived when the children in Auroville outgrew the student intake capacity of the existing Kindergarten. The project was built in four phases starting from 2006 and was completed in 2014. Each phase took 9 months to complete and commenced as funds were available.

Global Architecture & Design Awards 2018 First Award | Category: Institutional (Built)

Architects: PATH Architects & Planners Country: India

Specification: Site Area: 6150sqm Ground Coverage: 925sqm Built Up Area: 737sqm Number of Floors: 1

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Kindergarten design considerations: a case study on Ankara International Preschool and Kindergarten

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