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What drinking coffee every morning does to your gut health

Numerous studies have shown that a cup of joe is good for the gut – but what’s the best way to prepare it, and are some better than others?

That morning cup of coffee doesn’t just wake you up for the day, it also gives a boost to billions of friendly microbes residing in your digestive system . Because, according to a growing body of research, there is evidence that your espresso may positively influence your microbiome – gut bacteria – leading to better overall health and even a longer life.

“The microbiome comprises legions of species of ‘good bacteria’ that work collectively and individually to improve our health,” says Nicola Shubrook, a registered nutritionist and functional medicine practitioner. 

“These microbes are increasingly being seen to benefit our metabolic health, weight management and mental health,” she continues. “Coffee contains several compounds that act as a prebiotic, which means that they nourish the probiotic beneficial bacteria by providing them with nutrients necessary for growth and function.”

The impact of coffee on our gut flora appears to be twofold. Firstly, caffeine itself acts as a stimulant, increasing the number of helpful bacteria in the gut. “The greater the diversity in your digestive system, the better,” says Shubrook.

A 2023 study published in the journal Nutrients investigated the association between caffeine, coffee consumption and the colonic microbiome. Results showed the richness of the microbiome to be higher with regular coffee drinkers, who had increased numbers of the helpful Alistipes and Faecalibacterium types (thought to have preventative effects against liver fibrosis and cardiovascular illness), and lower levels of the harmful Erysipelatoclostridium, which causes gut problems. This follows an earlier study where coffee consumption was found to be associated with an increase in bifidobacterium, microbes thought to help with the digestion of fibre and prevent infections.

Coffee also contains plant compounds called polyphenols, a category of compounds naturally found in plant foods, such as fruit, vegetables, herbs, spices, tea, dark chocolate, and wine. “Polyphenols act as an anti-inflammatory antioxidant,” notes Shubrook. “They can help reduce the risk of cancer by neutralising harmful free radicals, the chemicals that damage cells.”

The specific polyphenol in coffee is known as chlorogenic acid. According to a 2020 study published in Experimental and Clinical Sciences , patients who consumed coffee rich in chlorogenic acid lowered their risk of Type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease – they also lost weight. Scientists concluded this was probably related to an increase in intestinal bifidobacteria (one of the “good” ones).

Established studies have also shown that caffeine is good for your gut, stimulating the colon and leading to regular bowel movements. One 1990 study showed that people who drank coffee tended to need the loo 30 minutes after drinking a cup.

In so many ways, the gut appears to love a cup of joe. But is there a best way to prepare and serve your coffee?

Black or with milk?

Experts tend to be unanimous that black coffee is better for you than a cappuccino, latte or flat white . “Milk has been shown to impede the absorption of polyphenols,” says Julia Kopczyńska, a microbiologist at the Polish Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics in Warsaw who has developed a ‘healthy coffee’ tool for the company Omni Calculator. “Adding tons of cream or sugar turns your coffee into a dessert. Sugars will do more harm to your blood sugar levels than coffee can do good.”

Which blend should I choose?

There are two main types of coffee bean: Arabica and Robusta. “Each has different qualities at particular roasting stages,” says Kopczyńska. “Though lighter roasts generally have a higher caffeine content, they preserve more antioxidants than darker roasts. Light-roasted Robusta beans have more antioxidants than the blonde roasts of Arabica coffee.” 

Most UK chain coffee shops use medium-roasted Arabica beans, although Costa does sell a blend of Arabica and Robusta. Black Sheep Coffee also sells Robusta.

“My go-to is Exhale Coffee, which is a dark Arabica grown with the highest level of antioxidants,” says Shubrook. “It’s the perfect black coffee, not at all messed with.”

The length of time the beans have been stored will also influence their polyphenol levels, with a reduction seen in coffee beans stored for 12 months or longer.

What about instant coffee?

Though studies show that instant coffee may contain even more polyphenols and minerals than ground coffee, it also contains 100 per cent more of a chemical called acrylamide – coffee substitutes can even have 300 per cent more. “Acrylamide forms in coffee during the roasting process and if people are exposed to it in higher amounts, they could raise their risk of nerve damage and cancer,” says Kopczyńska. 

There is no cause for alarm, however. “Coffee consumption, both instant and ground coffee, is not linked to cancer development,” Kopczyńska continues. “However, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recommends reducing the amount of acrylamide in our diet. This is why we also recommend classic ground coffee above instant and substitutes.”

How many cups should I drink a day?

A recent study of the centenarians living in the European “long life” Blue Zones of Sardinia and Ikaria, Greece, revealed that almost all of them drank two to three cups of black coffee a day. “Presuming a cup of coffee is 8oz/ 220ml, two to three cups is the sweet spot, with five the upper limit,” says Kopczyńska.

Before grinding your beans or stamping your loyalty card, it’s worth bearing in mind the caffeine content of your drink. “Although coffee is beneficial, not everyone can metabolise it as efficiently,” notes Shubrook. Kopczyńska agrees. “The maximum recommended amount of caffeine is 400mg a day. Anything above 600mg has been linked to insomnia and high blood pressure .”

According to Kopczyńska, a home-brewed cup of coffee contains between 70mg and 140mg of caffeine, depending on the bean and brewing method. Meanwhile the average high street coffee has 180mg of caffeine. Pret espressos and cappuccinos contain this amount. Others can be higher: a medium Costa cappuccino has 325mg – almost your entire recommended daily allowance in one cup.

You may be surprised to hear that most espressos are lower in caffeine than other types of coffee: a 30ml/ 1oz Caffe Nero espresso has 45mg of caffeine, and a Starbucks only 33mg. Greggs espresso clocks in at 75mg. (But a cup of espresso is also a far smaller amount of liquid than a latte or a cappuccino.)

How should I prepare my coffee?

How you fix your beans preserves different compounds, those which are beneficial, and the ones which are less good for you. Brewed coffee contains cafestol and kahweol, chemicals known as diterpenes. “Cafestol and kahweol are known for their anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, and polyphenol-preserving properties,” says Kopczyńska. “These are 30 times higher in unfiltered coffee.”

On the other hand, she says, unfiltered coffee contains oils which have been shown to raise cholesterol levels . “Filtered coffee not only contains fewer coffee oils but also contains less caffeine compared to unfiltered coffee brewing methods.”

If you can get around the fiddliness of using an Aeropress, a 2023 study published in the journal Foods revealed this method to be the best for preserving polyphenols. “In our study, the lowest total polyphenol content was found in the coffee from the French press (133.90 g gallic acid/litre) and the highest was observed in the Aeropress brew (191.29g gallic acid/litre),” wrote the authors. “Of all the highest antioxidant potential and polyphenol content was observed in the brew made in the Aeropress.”

Can I make my coffee healthier?

Adding natural spices – as opposed to sugars or syrups – can bring extra health benefits. “Cardamom is an anti-inflammatory and regulates blood sugar levels,” advises Kopczyńska. “Ginger, a natural painkiller, improves digestive health and lowers cholesterol. If you’re using milk, turmeric added to a latte is known for its beneficial effects on metabolism and the immune system.”

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UI/UX Case Study : Online Coffee Ordering App

Introduction

Hello, my name is Che lin. This case study is a research plan and report that guided by dibimbing.id . The purpose of this research is to be able to innovate from Apps by knowing the highest motivation of users when ordering coffee online.

Role: UI/UX Designer Scope: User research, analyzing, user flow, information architecture, wireframing, and mock-up. Timeline: 3 weeks Tools: Figma, Google Form, Google Docs, Google Sheets

Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world. Drinking coffee for some people has become a ritual in the morning before starting the activity. Users have too many choices in determining which coffee brand to buy online. Cube Cafe has an application that can be used to order coffee directly from the application. However, at this time Cube Cafe wanted to find out the reasons people’s motivation for ordering coffee online.

Planning the research

This survey aims to find out whether user have ordered coffee online or not and what are they biggest motivation to order coffee online. I used Google Form to do this research.

• Understand what users need and difficulties when they want to order coffee online.
• Understand what motivates users when they want to order coffee online.
• Understand the media used by users to order coffee online.
• Understand the factors that influence users in ordering coffee online.

Methodology

The methodology used in this research is the quantitative method — Survey.

Sample Specification

• Active users from Cube Cafe have online transactions 5 times in the last 3 months
• Nationwide Scale
• Female/male
• 18–30 years old
• Have accessed the Cube Cafe app at least once in the last month

Key Information Area

• Function of ordering coffee online
• Motivation to order coffee online
• The need to use the Cube Cafe Apps
• Reasons to use Cube Cafe Apps
• Pain points ordering coffee online

Trigger & Barrier

There are 2 trigger factors, namely push & pull factors . The push factor is the driving factor which is the motivation of a person. While the pull factor is an environmental factor that attracts someone to order coffee online.

• Push factors that encourage users to order coffee online. Based on the highest results of the questionnaire, users are encouraged to order coffee online at work.
• Pull factors that attract users to order coffee online. Based on the highest results from research, users are interested in ordering coffee online from social media.
• Barrier in ordering coffee online. Based on the results obtained from the research, the barriers faced by users are as follows:
• Prefer to order another drink
• Don’t like coffee
• The coffee is not fresh when it arrives home, because the ice has melted
• Can’t drink coffee

Pain Points

Users feel that the coffee they receive is not fresh when they get home, because the ice has melted and the user feels that there is nothing special about ordering coffee online.

In this define stage, analyze the results that have been obtained at the empathize stage to get to the core of the problem to be solved.

How to make users more motivated to order Cube Cafe coffee online?

User Persona

User persona is a fictional character that describes the target user of the product. It will help us in understanding and solving problems experienced by users.

Customer Journey Map

Customer journey map is one of the important tools for understanding the customer journey, which serves as a visual representation of each stage of the interaction between the customer and the brand at the time before, during, and after they make a purchase.

This user flow describes all user activities from selecting and ordering coffee online. Below is a chart of the user flow:

Information Architecture

Information Architecture aims to structure all flows in terms of content and design in the application. Here is the Information Architecture chart from the Home page:

Before making a mockup, I created a wireframe to determine the outline of the site structure and layout, as well as displaying the basic user interface (UI) of the application to be made. The following is the wireframe of the Cube Cafe application:

Through the mockup, you can see an overview of the overall design concept that you want to create in the Cube Cafe application. Here is a mockup of the Cube Cafe app:

Protoype is a simulation of how the user interacts with the real user interface. Shows how the web / application that we make.To build a prototype I use Figma. The protoype contains 14 screens which include from user login until they finish the payment.

To see the prototype of the Cube Cafe app, you can try it here:

Link Prototype ( Cube Cafe Apps)

Usability Testing

The last step is usability testing. The purpose of usability testing is to find out whether the application can be used by the user.

Usability Test Report (Cube Cafe Apps)

Thankyou for giving your time to read my study case. I’m open to hear your opinion or advice which give me the spirit to keep going and growing. :)

LinkedIn: Che Lin and Behance: Che Lin

Written by Che lin

Nice to meet you! :)

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Texas' anti-abortion heartbeat law aimed to save babies, but more infants died.

Texas lawmakers touted their heartbeat law as an effort to save lives , but the state's near-total ban on abortion appears to have triggered an increase in infant deaths, according to a new study published Monday . 

The findings in JAMA Pediatrics show that infant deaths rose after Texas’ Senate Bill 8, which banned all abortion after about six weeks from conception. S.B. 8 became Texas law in September 2021 and U.S. Supreme Court overturned the constitutional right to abortion just over nine months later, on June 24, 2022. The high court ruling in the Dobbs case prompted more than a dozen states to issue near-total bans on abortion. Observers speculate that evidence will also show increases in infant deaths in those states, akin to what Texas has seen, the study said.

“It just points to some of the devastating consequences of abortion bans that maybe people weren't thinking about when they passed these laws,” Alison Gemmill, an assistant professor at Johns Hopkins University’s Bloomberg School of Public Health who authored the study, told USA TODAY. She called the deaths following the Texas heartbeat law its “spillover effects on moms and babies.”

Abortion bans: More than 171K patients traveled out-of-state for abortions in 2023, new data shows

In the wake of the law's passage in Texas, more babies died before their first birthday, likely due to birth defects or genetic problems that wouldn't have allowed them to live, the study found. These pregnancies would typically have been terminated by abortion, according to researchers. The Texas heartbeat law does not provide exceptions for pregnancies involving such conditions. Mothers are legally obligated to carry these babies to birth under state law.

In the peer-reviewed Journal of the American Medical Association, Gemmill and researchers from Johns Hopkins and Michigan State University wrote that the Texas law was linked to "unexpected increases in infant and neonatal deaths" between 2021 and 2022. Prior research drew a correlation between the uptick in infant deaths and anti-abortion laws taking effect, however, no studies until now have attributed the fatalities directly to the laws prohibiting the termination of these pregnancies.

"Abortion care is an essential component of comprehensive healthcare, and when it is restricted, the human impacts are devastating," Wendy Davis, a senior adviser for Planned Parenthood Texas Votes, said in a statement. Davis, who filibustered for abortion rights when she was a Democratic state senator, noted that the study only covered 2022, not the results in 2023 and 2024 in the wake of a more restrictive abortion ban that came with the Dobbs decision. This "likely means the situation on the ground today is even more dire," Davis said.

Texas Gov. Greg Abbott's office did not dispute the study's findings but defended the Republican-controlled state's anti-abortion record. This effort included the 2021 heartbeat law "to save the innocent unborn, and now thousands of children have been given a chance at life," Andrew Mahaleris, a spokesperson for Abbott, said in a statement to USA TODAY. He said the governor has taken "significant action to protect the sanctity of life" and offered resources to expectant mothers "so they can choose life for their child."

Anti-abortion advocates also didn't contest the uptick in infant deaths cited in the study. Advocates for the heartbeat law and other legislation to restrict abortions say such bans protect life. They say terminating a fetus with a terminal illness is “choosing to kill that child intentionally.”

The overwhelming majority of such abortions happen before the fetus is viable. In Texas, legislation has dramatically reduced the number of abortions performed in the state.

Amy O’Donnell, a spokesperson for Texas Alliance for Life, said the study’s findings didn’t come as a surprise. She said babies born with disabilities and even fatal anomalies deserve a chance at life, even if that means a newborn dies after birth from a condition doctors anticipated would be lethal. The death of a child is not easy, she acknowledged. She noted that her nonprofit offers resources for families grieving from such losses.

“In Texas, we celebrate every unborn child's life saved. We treasure the fact that our laws are protecting women's lives,” she said. “We don't apologize for the fact that we don't support discrimination against children facing disabilities or fatal diagnoses in or out of the womb. And that's the line that we just believe should not be crossed.”

Gemmill, of Johns Hopkins, said babies that died shortly after being born with birth defects "probably caused a lot of unnecessary trauma to families."

Maternal health: Chronic hypertension has soared among pregnant women. Treatment is not keeping pace

The researchers examined death records beginning after the heartbeat law went into effect. The study created a “synthetic Texas” that simulated outcomes that would have happened had the law not been in effect and compared the numbers to national trends during that period. In 2021, 1,985 Texas infants died before their first birthday. The next year, with S.B. 8 in effect, the fatalities jumped to 2,240, a 12.9% increase that came as the U.S. experienced an overall increase of less than 2%. Deaths attributable to congenital anomalies or birth defects spiked nearly 23% in Texas compared to a 3% decrease nationally.

“It suggests that, really, this policy was responsible for this increase in infant deaths in Texas,” Gemmill said.

The study is significant because of Texas’ role as a conservative state with urban and rural areas that may reflect what happens in the rest of the U.S., according to Dr. Tracey Wilkinson, an associate professor of pediatrics and obstetrics and gynecology at the Indiana University School of Medicine. Texas has been living under restrictions longer than other states that enacted abortion bans after the Dobbs ruling.

“When people ask me why this is happening, it’s really simple,” said Wilkinson, who was not involved with the new study. “When you take away people’s ability to make decisions (about) if and when they have pregnancies, you’re going to see outcomes like increasing infant and maternal mortality.”

The study did not examine the effects of infant deaths on the health of mothers who were legally required to deliver dead babies to term, nor did it look at the mental health effects of carrying infants and delivering them, only to see them die. The study also raises but does not tackle questions about the financial cost to families of carrying and delivering terminally ill newborns. 

Gemmill is now working to understand the impact of abortion restrictions on parents of different races and ethnicities. Prior research has shown that Black mothers and babies face higher death rates than other groups.

The study reflects what Molly Duane, a senior staff attorney at the abortion rights advocacy nonprofit Center for Reproductive Rights, has seen in the courtroom arguing against Texas' laws. She recently represented women who sued the state after they were denied medical abortions. One of her clients, Samatha Casiano, was required by law to carry a child that developed without a brain. In late May, the Texas Supreme Court ruled pregnant patients must have a “life-threatening condition” in order to terminate a pregnancy.

Duane questioned the claim by anti-abortion activists that Texas is a “pro-life” state, given the study's findings. “Women are hurting, families are hurting, babies are dying, and no one in the state is taking responsibility for any of that real human suffering,” she said.

In late 2023, a U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report found increases in infant deaths for the first time in more than 20 years. The states identified in the report with increased fatalities were states that restricted abortion access, however, experts cautioned at the time that they could not say what had caused the spike in fatalities.

The Texas study went one step further, finding one state where abortion restrictions resulted in more deaths.

American Express app — UX case study

Francesco Guerrini

This article is part of my portfolio submission for my Certificate in UX Design at Kings College . I was inspired to write this article while reflecting on my experience with credit cards and online banking.

I first joined American Express in 2019 after a dinner with friends, many of whom worked in finance and were more tech-savvy than me. During the evening they were discussing the perks and benefits of travel insurance and secure payments with their various credit cards. Back then I only ever used my normal debit card and did not fully understand the purpose of paying with a credit card since I was never spending more than I could afford.

Drawn into the cult of the brand and intrigued by the unique features we discussed, I remember ordering an AMEX the following day and have been using the card for almost all of my payments and subscriptions since.

I later started using Revolut for transferring and receiving money. Although as a debit card, it had different purposes, I was stoked by how much better their mobile app was.

For this project, I sought out areas in the AMEX mobile app’s UX/UI that could be enhanced, aiming to improve upon its already excellent interface.

Design Thinking Process

Empathise with the users.

To begin my analysis, I researched for material online, gathering anything from opinion posts from Reddit boards to articles. I then categorised some of these findings through affinity mapping to highlight some recurring sentiments or something relatable to what my experience was.

It has to be said that in the myriad threads, most of the comments about the AMEX app were rather positive and very few were complaining about UX/UI issues. However, some pointed out areas of potential improvement I also had noticed.

Also, as an outsider, articles and reports helped me understand more about trends and insights in the world of credit cards.

The average Brit pays out nearly £500 every year on subscription services. Americans pay an average of nearly $300 a month on subscription services. In fact, in a recent survey , Chase found that two-thirds of consumers admit to forgetting about at least one recurring payment they’ve signed up for in the last year.

Building upon the information collected online and my personal experience, I then created an empathy map canvas to help visualise and synthesize observations and insights about users.

The map not only helped highlight some of the pains and gains of a typical AMEX user but also allowed me to define a group of key tasks the user persona has to do on the app. Through the JTBD framework , I kept these tasks relevant and user-centric.

• When I am categorising my expenses I want to see my active subscriptions and recurring payments so I can keep track of them.
• When I am checking my transactions I want to see insights on what sort of things I am spending on so I can be on top of my budget for each category.
• When I am looking through my past purchases I want to be able to just scroll through the history without having to navigate through multiple pages of the app so I can have a better overview of the transactions and can get it done quickly.
• When I am looking for a specific transaction I want to be able to search it without having to scroll endlessly, so I can do that on the go without wasting time and effort.

To check the validity of assumptions, I then tested these areas of the app’s functionality.

In the next step, I turned these JTBD into tasks and asked a few friends to go through them and share their thoughts as they did it. Some of the participants were not AMEX customers so they had to carry out the JTBD on my phone and through my account. We also discussed the app more broadly in all its various features and compared it with other online banking platforms.

Through an affinity map, I then grouped the notes from this ‘’Guerrilla’’ type of interview to highlight similarities between the users’ comments.

Define the problems

In this phase, I organised insights and findings that emerged from the testing to define the users’ problems and pain points.

As mentioned in the introduction, the participants, myself included, had an overall positive consideration of the AMEX app and brand as a whole and if that wasn’t the case we probably would be reviewing a different online banking platform.

However, it seems there are areas in the basic functionality of the app that require relatively simple improvements which could solve some of the pain points that emerged and have a great positive impact on the user experience.

It has to be noted that users with certain types of America Express cards report problems that other users don’t have.

Pain Point 1 — Navigating through past transactions is a struggle

Scrolling through the transactions is currently possible only within the last month/billing cycle. Past that point, the user is required to look through the past statements on a separate page. The search bar is also located on the ‘’Statements and Activity’’ page and not present on the main interface resulting in some users not noticing it.

Pain Point 2 — Reward’s Participating Location riddled with broken links

Although not emerged in my initial research, while speaking with a few long-term AMEX members, they reported that to see the participating locations for the In-store rewards they either have to download a PDF or sometimes get redirected to a broken link.

Pain Point 3 — Lack of spending insights reduces the main page to a mere list of transactions

Compared with other mobile banking platforms, AMEX completely lacks insights into user expenses. This might make it difficult for some users to manage their budgets and control their finances. Revolut for instance, offers a better interface showing spending trends and insights.

Pain Point 4 — Managing subscriptions via the app seems not possible

Subscriptions are a trending business model and as seen earlier in this report, represent a considerable amount of the users’ yearly spending. Their cost piling up can get out of hand to the point apps are starting to emerge offering subscription management and budgeting solutions. Capital One, Chase and Revolut to mention a few, seem to provide better solutions regarding this issue.

Pain point 5 — The UI feels at times ‘’clunky’’

This quote from a Reddit board is taken almost as a provocation. As mentioned, most comments praised AMEX’s app UI/UX both compared to other apps and AMEX’s website.

To Steelman the UI critique we could consider a couple of points:

-The little contrast between the header of the transaction list and its scrolling part, could make the separation between the two areas unclear and limit accessibility.

The Login interface could be revamped with a more modern look, similar to what Barclays and Revolut present.

To visualise which of these problems would yield the greatest benefits relative to the complexity of their solution and the resources required to address them I ranked the pain points on an Impact-Effort matrix.

#1 Since rewards are one of the key features of American Express, fixing the broken links in the Offers section and re-structuring how to view the In-store participating locations is a matter of prime importance.

#2 Addressing the navigation for transaction history and the lack of visual contrast between the elements on the home page should be fairly easy yet have a considerable impact on the users’ experience. Hence, it should be one of the prioritised improvements.

#3 Although bringing a big positive impact on the users’ pain points, introducing Subscription Management and Spending Insights features might have implications that go beyond the user experience and as a consequence need further examinations to investigate the alignment with the company’s business goals and strategy.

#4 Changing the Login page might seem simple but would have to be analysed further to ensure the app’s security is maintained.

Designing Solutions

As a part of the ideation process, I used HMW statements to refine and address the users’ problems from various standpoints. Following these, I elaborated on a few potential improvements which, in my analysis, could benefit the app.

Solution 1 — Map of Participating Locations

The list of locations participating in an In-Store offer currently has the user opening an external website or downloading a PDF. A solution could be using the already existing map built into the app to display these locations.

Solution 2 — Search bar and infinite scroll transaction list

Currently, the app’s main page only allows the user to scroll through transactions of the past billing cycle, while anything previous can be accessed on the Statements and Activity page.

By merging all transactions onto a single page with infinite scrolling, we’re eliminating the need for users to navigate to a separate page to access older transactions. This approach streamlines the user experience and improves the app’s efficiency of use by providing continuous access to transaction history without the interruption of having to switch between pages. Additionally, moving the search bar to next to the transaction list would improve the visibility of this crucial functionality.

Solution 3 — Visual contrast

Re-structuring the visual hierarchy on the homepage by adding colour contrast between the header and the transaction makes it easier for users to distinguish the elements and improves the app’s accessibility.

Solution 4 — Subscription Management

To help the users manage recurring payments I created a range of features. First, the recurring payments will be paired out by an icon in the transaction list and the transaction details.

I also sketched a dedicated section within the mobile app where they can view all their active subscriptions at a glance. Each subscription should be displayed with key details such as the name of the service, billing cycle, next payment date, and amount, allowing the user to pause, cancel them and monitor their price.

Solution 5 — Spending Insights Overview

Visualizing spending trends and categories enhances user experience by providing clear feedback and a visual break from numerical data. This aligns with principles of system status visibility and aesthetic design, ensuring users can efficiently interpret and act on their financial information.

Wrapping up, these sketches and suggestions offer a glimpse into possible improvements. I’ll be refining these ideas with higher fidelity prototypes, paving the way for possible usability testing.

Thanks for reading! Stay tuned for more updates by following me here on Medium, on Behance and Linkedin

Written by Francesco Guerrini

UX Designer | UX Researcher | Meme Connoisseur

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