capstone project thesis and defense

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How to prepare an excellent thesis defense

What is a thesis defense?

How long is a thesis defense, what happens at a thesis defense, your presentation, questions from the committee, 6 tips to help you prepare for your thesis defense, 1. anticipate questions and prepare for them, 2. dress for success, 3. ask for help, as needed, 4. have a backup plan, 5. prepare for the possibility that you might not know an answer, 6. de-stress before, during, and after, frequently asked questions about preparing an excellent thesis defense, related articles.

If you're about to complete, or have ever completed a graduate degree, you have most likely come across the term "thesis defense." In many countries, to finish a graduate degree, you have to write a thesis .

A thesis is a large paper, or multi-chapter work, based on a topic relating to your field of study.

Once you hand in your thesis, you will be assigned a date to defend your work. Your thesis defense meeting usually consists of you and a committee of two or more professors working in your program. It may also include other people, like professionals from other colleges or those who are working in your field.

During your thesis defense, you will be asked questions about your work. The main purpose of your thesis defense is for the committee to make sure that you actually understand your field and focus area.

The questions are usually open-ended and require the student to think critically about their work. By the time of your thesis defense, your paper has already been evaluated. The questions asked are not designed so that you actually have to aggressively "defend" your work; often, your thesis defense is more of a formality required so that you can get your degree.

• Check with your department about requirements and timing.
• Re-read your thesis.
• Anticipate questions and prepare for them.
• Create a back-up plan to deal with technology hiccups.
• Plan de-stressing activities both before, and after, your defense.

How long your oral thesis defense is depends largely on the institution and requirements of your degree. It is best to consult your department or institution about this. In general, a thesis defense may take only 20 minutes, but it may also take two hours or more. The length also depends on how much time is allocated to the presentation and questioning part.

Tip: Check with your department or institution as soon as possible to determine the approved length for a thesis defense.

First of all, be aware that a thesis defense varies from country to country. This is just a general overview, but a thesis defense can take many different formats. Some are closed, others are public defenses. Some take place with two committee members, some with more examiners.

The same goes for the length of your thesis defense, as mentioned above. The most important first step for you is to clarify with your department what the structure of your thesis defense will look like. In general, your thesis defense will include:

• your presentation of around 20-30 minutes
• questions from the committee
• questions from the audience (if the defense is public and the department allows it)

You might have to give a presentation, often with Powerpoint, Google slides, or Keynote slides. Make sure to prepare an appropriate amount of slides. A general rule is to use about 10 slides for a 20-minute presentation.

But that also depends on your specific topic and the way you present. The good news is that there will be plenty of time ahead of your thesis defense to prepare your slides and practice your presentation alone and in front of friends or family.

Tip: Practice delivering your thesis presentation in front of family, friends, or colleagues.

You can prepare your slides by using information from your thesis' first chapter (the overview of your thesis) as a framework or outline. Substantive information in your thesis should correspond with your slides.

Make sure your slides are of good quality— both in terms of the integrity of the information and the appearance. If you need more help with how to prepare your presentation slides, both the ASQ Higher Education Brief and James Hayton have good guidelines on the topic.

The committee will ask questions about your work after you finish your presentation. The questions will most likely be about the core content of your thesis, such as what you learned from the study you conducted. They may also ask you to summarize certain findings and to discuss how your work will contribute to the existing body of knowledge.

Tip: Read your entire thesis in preparation of the questions, so you have a refreshed perspective on your work.

While you are preparing, you can create a list of possible questions and try to answer them. You can foresee many of the questions you will get by simply spending some time rereading your thesis.

Here are a few tips on how to prepare for your thesis defense:

You can absolutely prepare for most of the questions you will be asked. Read through your thesis and while you're reading it, create a list of possible questions. In addition, since you will know who will be on the committee, look at the academic expertise of the committee members. In what areas would they most likely be focused?

If possible, sit at other thesis defenses with these committee members to get a feel for how they ask and what they ask. As a graduate student, you should generally be adept at anticipating test questions, so use this advantage to gather as much information as possible before your thesis defense meeting.

Your thesis defense is a formal event, often the entire department or university is invited to participate. It signals a critical rite of passage for graduate students and faculty who have supported them throughout a long and challenging process.

While most universities don't have specific rules on how to dress for that event, do regard it with dignity and respect. This one might be a no-brainer, but know that you should dress as if you were on a job interview or delivering a paper at a conference.

It might help you deal with your stress before your thesis defense to entrust someone with the smaller but important responsibilities of your defense well ahead of schedule. This trusted person could be responsible for:

• preparing the room of the day of defense
• setting up equipment for the presentation
• preparing and distributing handouts

Technology is unpredictable. Life is too. There are no guarantees that your Powerpoint presentation will work at all or look the way it is supposed to on the big screen. We've all been there. Make sure to have a plan B for these situations. Handouts can help when technology fails, and an additional clean shirt can save the day if you have a spill.

One of the scariest aspects of the defense is the possibility of being asked a question you can't answer. While you can prepare for some questions, you can never know exactly what the committee will ask.

There will always be gaps in your knowledge. But your thesis defense is not about being perfect and knowing everything, it's about how you deal with challenging situations. You are not expected to know everything.

James Hayton writes on his blog that examiners will sometimes even ask questions they don't know the answer to, out of curiosity, or because they want to see how you think. While it is ok sometimes to just say "I don't know", he advises to try something like "I don't know, but I would think [...] because of x and y, but you would need to do [...] in order to find out.” This shows that you have the ability to think as an academic.

You will be nervous. But your examiners will expect you to be nervous. Being well prepared can help minimize your stress, but do know that your examiners have seen this many times before and are willing to help, by repeating questions, for example. Dora Farkas at finishyourthesis.com notes that it’s a myth that thesis committees are out to get you.

Two common symptoms of being nervous are talking really fast and nervous laughs. Try to slow yourself down and take a deep breath. Remember what feels like hours to you are just a few seconds in real life.

• Try meditational breathing right before your defense.
• Get plenty of exercise and sleep in the weeks prior to your defense.
• Have your clothes or other items you need ready to go the night before.
• During your defense, allow yourself to process each question before answering.
• Go to dinner with friends and family, or to a fun activity like mini-golf, after your defense.

Allow yourself to process each question, respond to it, and stop talking once you have responded. While a smile can often help dissolve a difficult situation, remember that nervous laughs can be irritating for your audience.

We all make mistakes and your thesis defense will not be perfect. However, careful preparation, mindfulness, and confidence can help you feel less stressful both before, and during, your defense.

Finally, consider planning something fun that you can look forward to after your defense.

It is completely normal to be nervous. Being well prepared can help minimize your stress, but do know that your examiners have seen this many times before and are willing to help, by repeating questions for example if needed. Slow yourself down, and take a deep breath.

Your thesis defense is not about being perfect and knowing everything, it's about how you deal with challenging situations. James Hayton writes on his blog that it is ok sometimes to just say "I don't know", but he advises to try something like "I don't know, but I would think [...] because of x and y, you would need to do [...] in order to find out".

Your Powerpoint presentation can get stuck or not look the way it is supposed to do on the big screen. It can happen and your supervisors know it. In general, handouts can always save the day when technology fails.

• Dress for success.
• Ask for help setting up.
• Have a backup plan (in case technology fails you).
• Deal with your nerves.

Dissertation vs Thesis vs Capstone Project What’s the difference?

By: Derek Jansen (MBA) | Expert Reviewed By: Dr. Eunice Rautenbach | October 2020

At Grad Coach, we receive questions about dissertation and thesis writing on a daily basis – everything from how to find a good research topic to which research methods to use  and how to analyse the data.

One of the most common questions we receive is “what’s the difference between a dissertation and thesis?” . If you look around online, you’ll find a lot of confusing and often contrasting answers. In this post we’ll clear it up, once and for all…

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Dissertation vs Thesis: Showdown Time

Before comparing dissertations to theses, it’s useful to first understand what both of these are and what they have in common .

Dissertations and theses are both formal academic research projects . In other words, they’re academic projects that involve you undertaking research in a structured, systematic way. The research process typically involves the following steps :

• Asking a well-articulated and meaningful research question (or questions).
• Assessing what other researchers have said in relation to that question (this is usually called a literature review – you can learn more about that up here).
• Undertaking your own research using a clearly justified methodology – this often involves some sort of fieldwork such as interviews or surveys – and lastly,
• Deriving an answer to your research question based on your analysis.

In other words, theses and dissertations are both formal, structured research projects that involve using a clearly articulated methodology to draw out insights and answers to your research questions . So, in this respect, they are, for the most part, the same thing.

But, how are they different then?

Well, the key difference between a dissertation and a thesis is, for the most part, the level of study – in other words, undergrad, master or PhD. By extension, this also means that the complexity and rigorousness of the research differs between dissertations and theses.

So, which is which?

This is where it gets a bit confusing. The meaning of dissertation or thesis varies depending on the country or region of study. For example, in the UK, a dissertation is generally a research project that’s completed at the end of a Masters-level degree, whereas a thesis is completed for a Doctoral-level degree.

Conversely, the terminology is flipped around in the US (and some other countries). In other words, a thesis is completed for a Masters-level degree, while a dissertation is completed for PhD (or any other doctoral-level degree).

Simply put, a dissertation and a thesis are essentially the same thing, but at different levels of study . The exact terminology varies from country to country, and sometimes it even varies between universities in the same country. Some universities will also refer to this type of project as a capstone project . In addition, some universities will also require an oral exam or viva voce , especially for doctoral-level projects. 

Given that there are more than 25,000 universities scattered across the globe, all of this terminological complexity can cause some confusion. To be safe, make sure that you thoroughly read the brief provided by your university for your dissertation or thesis, and if possible, visit the university library to have a look at past students’ projects . This will help you get a feel for your institution’s norms and spot any nuances in terms of their specific requirements so that you can give them exactly what they want.

Let’s recap

Dissertations and theses are both formal academic research projects . The main difference is the level of study – undergrad, Masters or PhD. Terminology tends to vary from country to country, and even within countries.

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Get in touch with a friendly Grad Coach to discuss how we can help you fast-track your dissertation or thesis today. Book a free, no-obligation consultation here.

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This post was based on one of our popular Research Bootcamps . If you're working on a research project, you'll definitely want to check this out ...

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What Is a Capstone Project vs. Thesis

As students near the end of their academic journey, they encounter a crucial project called the capstone – a culmination of all they've learned. But what exactly is a capstone project? 

This article aims to demystify capstone projects, explaining what they are, why they matter, and what you can expect when you embark on this final academic endeavor.

Capstone Project Meaning

A capstone project is a comprehensive, culminating academic endeavor undertaken by students typically in their final year of study. 

It synthesizes their learning experiences, requiring students to apply the knowledge, skills, and competencies gained throughout their academic journey. A capstone project aims to address a real-world problem or explore a topic of interest in depth. 

As interdisciplinary papers, capstone projects encourage critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity. They allow students to showcase their mastery of their field of study and demonstrate their readiness for future academic or professional pursuits.

Now that we’ve defined what is a capstone project, let’s discuss its importance in the academic landscape. In case you have short-form compositions to handle, simply say, ‘ do my essay for me ,’ and our writers will take care of your workload.

Why Is a Capstone Project Important

A capstone project is crucial because it allows students to combine everything they've learned in school and apply it to real-life situations or big problems. 

It's like the ultimate test of what they know and can do. By working on these projects, students get hands-on experience, learn to think critically and figure out how to solve tough problems. 

Plus, it's a chance to show off their skills and prove they're ready for whatever comes next, whether that's starting a career or going on to more schooling.

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What Is the Purpose of a Capstone Project

Here are three key purposes of a capstone project:

Integration of Knowledge and Skills

Capstones often require students to draw upon the knowledge and skills they have acquired throughout their academic program. The importance of capstone project lies in helping students synthesize what they have learned and apply it to a real-world problem or project. 

This integration helps students demonstrate their proficiency and readiness for graduation or entry into their chosen profession.

Culmination of Learning

Capstone projects culminate a student's academic journey, allowing them to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world scenarios. 

tackling a significant project or problem, students demonstrate their understanding of concepts and their ability to translate them into practical solutions, reinforcing their learning journey.

Professional Development

Capstone projects allow students to develop skills relevant to their future careers. These projects can also be tangible examples of their capabilities to potential employers or graduate programs.

Whether it's conducting research, presenting findings, or collaborating with peers, students gain valuable experience that enhances their professional readiness. 

Types of Capstone Projects

Capstones vary widely depending on the academic discipline, institution, and specific program requirements. Here are some common types:

What Is the Difference Between a Thesis and a Capstone Project

Here's a breakdown of the key differences between a thesis and a capstone project:

How to Write a Capstone Project

Let's dive into the specifics with actionable and meaningful steps for writing a capstone project:

1. Select a Pertinent Topic

Identify a topic that aligns with your academic interests, program requirements, and real-world relevance. Consider issues or challenges within your field that merit further exploration or solution. 

Conduct thorough research to ensure the topic is both feasible and significant. Here are some brilliant capstone ideas for your inspiration.

2. Define Clear Objectives

Clearly articulate the objectives of your capstone project. What specific outcomes do you aim to achieve? 

Whether it's solving a problem, answering a research question, or developing a product, ensure your objectives are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).

3. Conduct Comprehensive Research

Dive deep into existing literature, theories, and empirical evidence related to your chosen topic. Identify gaps, controversies, or areas for further investigation. 

Synthesize relevant findings and insights to inform the development of your project and provide a solid foundation for your analysis or implementation.

4. Develop a Structured Plan

What is a capstone project in college without a rigid structure? Outline a comprehensive plan for your capstone project, including key milestones, tasks, and deadlines. 

Break down the project into manageable phases, such as literature review, data collection, analysis, and presentation. Establish clear criteria for success and regularly monitor progress to stay on track.

5. Implement Methodological Rigor

If your project involves research, ensure methodological rigor by selecting appropriate research methods, tools, and techniques. 

Develop a detailed research design or project plan that addresses key methodological considerations, such as sampling, data collection, analysis, and validity. Adhere to ethical guidelines and best practices throughout the research process.

6. Analyze and Interpret Findings

Analyze your data or findings using appropriate analytical techniques and tools. Interpret the results in relation to your research questions or objectives, highlighting key patterns, trends, or insights. 

Critically evaluate the significance and implications of your findings within the broader context of your field or industry.

7. Communicate Effectively

Present your capstone project clearly, concisely, and compellingly. Whether it's a written report, presentation, or multimedia deliverable, tailor your communication style to your target audience. Clearly articulate your research questions, methodology, findings, and conclusions. 

Use visuals, examples, and real-world applications to enhance understanding and engagement. Be prepared to defend your project and answer questions from peers, faculty, or stakeholders.

In wrapping up, what is a capstone project? It’s like the grand finale of your academic journey, where all the knowledge and skills you've acquired come together in one big project. 

It's not just about passing a test or getting a grade – it's about proving you've got what it takes to make a real difference in the world. So, if you ever need capstone project help , our writers will gladly lend you a hand in no time.

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What Is a Capstone Project in College?

How to do a capstone project, how long does a capstone project take to complete.

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• T. (2023, June 16). What Is a Capstone Project? National University. https://www.nu.edu/blog/what-is-a-capstone-project/
• Lukins, S. (2024, May 12). What is a capstone project? And why is it important? Top Universities. https://www.topuniversities.com/student-info/careers-advice-articles/what-capstone-project-why-it-important
• Capstone Project vs. Thesis: What’s the Difference? (2021, December 9). UAGC. https://www.uagc.edu/blog/capstone-project-vs-thesis-whats-difference

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Thesis and Capstone Requirements for Teaching Programs

At the end of most teaching programs, students complete a capstone project or write a thesis to earn their degree. Both culminating experiences give students the opportunity to demonstrate mastery of their field. A student earns credits through their capstone course that count toward the total number of credits required for graduation. Postbaccalaureate programs often give students the option of completing a capstone project instead of writing a thesis. Local schools or community sites may also support capstone projects, and some schools allow a group of students to work together on their project.

At the end of most teaching programs, students complete a capstone project or write a thesis to earn their degree.

Students who opt to complete a capstone project must document their experience and submit a written summary of their work. Learners complete a more research-oriented thesis in addition to regular classes. Writing a thesis often includes an oral presentation or “defense” before a panel of academics familiar with the subject matter of the thesis.

What’s the Difference Between a Capstone and a Thesis in Teaching Programs?

Unlike a thesis, a capstone project addresses a practical problem or concern for which the student attempts to find a solution. A capstone project usually consists of an actionable proposal. A thesis, on the other hand, adds to the body of knowledge about much broader issues in the student’s field of study. Capstones involve developing a hypothesis, doing the necessary research to prove or disprove the hypothesis, drawing conclusions, and relating these to the core of existing knowledge on the subject matter. Undergraduate programs often include a capstone requirement for graduation, while postgraduate studies may require a thesis.

What Is a Capstone Like in Teaching Programs?

Teaching capstone format.

Most schools assign a minimum of three credits to an undergraduate capstone course. Students must select a topic or problem to study and resolve, typically within the course of a semester. Capstone projects often examine issues and concerns with a narrow focus.

The final form of a capstone project varies. However, students must often submit 10-15 pages describing their project and outcome. Most graduate-level programs that allow students to complete a capstone project instead of writing a thesis give students up to two semesters to fulfill the requirement.

Choosing Your Teaching Capstone Topic

A capstone project gives students the opportunity to apply classroom learning to practical situations related to their study. Capstone topics often connect to the concerns and challenges that currently exist in the field, with the course’s professor advising the project. However, some programs allow experts in the student’s capstone topic to act as an adjunct adviser for the project. As a result, students often find networking opportunities as they work on their capstone projects. These connections may benefit students after graduation in terms of pursuing the project further, possible employment, or professional referral.

Completing Your Teaching Capstone

Once you narrow your options, meet with your capstone adviser to discuss the project.

Every capstone project begins with choosing a topic. If a subject particularly interests you, list that as your top choice for the capstone. Explore other current issues in the field and come up with one or two additional areas to investigate. Once you narrow your options, meet with your capstone adviser to discuss the project. He or she can guide you in further sharpening your focus and coming up with the final framework or design for your project. Some programs permit students to carry out their capstone projects in their place of work. Find out if your program allows for this, as it can help you manage your time more efficiently.

Presenting Your Teaching Capstone

Undergraduate capstone projects often require a presentation before a panel of three to four members. The student’s adviser sits on the panel, along with the person who worked closely with the student in the field. Sometimes, the department head and other academic personnel with a connection to the project or the student also joins. Some schools hold these panel presentations within the context of a bigger event and may make the presentation open to the public. On occasions, students choose the manner of presentation, which largely depends of the nature of the project. For example, they could demonstrate a teaching method by conducting a mini-class or present their findings through a video or slideshow.

How Is a Teaching Capstone Graded?

Schools follow their own procedure in grading capstone projects. As part of a course, capstone projects can result in a failing grade but may depend on how the student performs in the other parts of the course. Most schools allow students to retake a capstone course. However, since students receive a clear grading rubric before they begin their project, most capstone projects turn out to be successful and deeply rewarding endeavors.

What Is a Thesis Like in Teaching Programs?

Teaching thesis format.

Most graduate-level programs give students up to a year to complete their thesis — from topic proposal and presentation to the final defense. A thesis is not usually administered as a course and must be completed before a student can graduate from a program. Most schools require students to enroll in a research course before beginning their thesis, as a thesis requires research-oriented written communication. Students work on their thesis on their own, rather than in groups, and remain under the close supervision of an academic adviser.

Thesis Topics for Education Majors

Deciding on a master of education thesis topic can prove a daunting task. The vast and vibrant education field develops and changes at every level. It can benefit you to begin with a topic that holds your interest. After all, you will work with this subject for a year — sometimes longer. A thesis should add to the existing body of knowledge in your field, so choose a topic that you feel you can examine in fresh light. Thesis topics for education majors vary and can include not only current issues in the field, but also future directions in light of technology, federal policies, and global factors.

Completing Your Teaching Thesis

In addition to selecting from a range of education master’s thesis topics, you will also need to choose your adviser carefully.

In addition to selecting from a range of education master’s thesis topics, you will also need to choose your adviser carefully. First of all, your adviser should be knowledgeable about your thesis topic to guide you properly throughout the process. Second, you will meet with your adviser several times during the school year, which requires a good working relationship. The adviser’s input is key to a successful thesis writing experience. Your adviser needs to approve your thesis topic before you can begin your research. It remains standard practice for students to report their progress to their advisers at regular intervals during the thesis writing process. This may involve pre-set times (once a month) or whenever the student completes the research and writing needed for a specific section of the thesis.

Presenting Your Teaching Thesis

During a thesis defense, a panel asks questions to ascertain your mastery of the thesis subject matter. It does not involve arguing or defending the merits of your work. In most instances, a defense proves largely formality since the adviser has already evaluated the paper many times during the work process, and the panel receives your work prior to the defense. As with a capstone project panel, a thesis panel typically comprises of the adviser and other faculty members with a deep familiarity with the thesis topic. Most schools do not open a thesis defense to the public.

How Is a Teaching Thesis Graded?

At the beginning of the thesis writing process, your adviser will instruct you on the thesis evaluation process to help you better interpret writing standards. Thesis grades come in the form of quality evaluation — excellent, very good, good, or satisfactory — instead of a letter grade. A good adviser will not let you defend a thesis until he or she approves all materials, so failing a thesis defense rarely occurs.

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Introduction

Submitting your thesis/dissertation for publication, need help frustrated do you have writer's block, guidelines and forms, resources to help you with your thesis, dissertation or capstone project.

• Surviving & Thriving in Graduate School

All graduate programs at Lewis University are required to include a culminating capstone experience in the curriculum.  The most appropriate capstone experience for each program is determined by the faculty of that program. Doctoral capstone experiences generally include a dissertation requirement or a scholarly integrative project.  A Master’s Program Capstone is defined by the University as:

A capstone is a culminating experience of rigorous academic achievement: (a) integrating knowledge from one’s discipline(s); (b) applying specific knowledge; (c) demonstrating knowledge and expertise to the appropriate disciplinary community; and (d) illustrating readiness for transition into more advanced professional or academic pursuits. Capstones consist of program directed experiences, which may include a comprehensive examination, group or individual project, thesis, research/scholarly paper, internship/practicum, or other appropriate culminating academic experiences representative of one’s discipline(s).

This page provides the graduate student with important institutional information to prepare for successful completion of a graduate capstone project, a thesis, or a dissertation, as required by the program. The Doctoral Dissertation Guidelines and the Master’s Thesis Guidelines provide essential information in understanding the prerequisites and minimum standards required by Lewis University.

The Graduate P rogram Director and the student’s advisor are the best source of information relevant to individual program requirements for successfully completing a culminating capstone experience within that program. 

Additionally, please check out the other sections on this page for assistance on writing, publishing and seeking copyright protection for your work.

Publishing Your Thes is

The student is not required to publish his/her thesis; however, the student is highly encouraged to submit article(s) from their thesis for publication in a professional journal of the discipline. If the student wishes to publish the thesis as an entity, the thesis must be reviewed and approved for style and formatting by the Office of Graduate Studies.                                                     

Publishing Your Dissertation

Why Should You Use ProQuest?

Graduate students all over the world submit dissertations and theses to ProQuest and access the world’s trusted repository for graduate research ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. In addition, researchers can cross-search this content with curated collections of scholarly journals, ebooks, news content, reports, working papers and more — across disciplines. ProQuest delivers resources that support academic and professional success.

At any point you have questions or need any help with your research, please feel free to contact us and we will be glad to assist you.  please check out our resources on-line (workshops, writing assistance, study room, etc.) or schedule an appointment with a librarian..

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Capstone Project: Definition, Types, Structure, and Examples

by  Antony W

January 2, 2024

If you're reading this, chances are that you're in your final year of school and the words "capstone project" have come up somewhere in your first or second semester.

You're probably looking for a quick score on the topic - what it's about, a project template, or even a sample. If so, you're in the right place.

Before we get into it, you' need to know that you're in the hands of consummate capstone project experts.

Help for Assessment is composed of scholars at all levels of academic achievement including Masters and Ph.D., all inspired and motivated to help students like you achieve their academic goals. The expertise and experience we have spans years. Even better, this combined academic expertise is placed at your disposal. If your capstone research project is already giving you goosebumps, we will do it for you from scratch including the project proposal, research, write up, and final review before submission.

Remember, you can trust Help for Assessment to complete your capstone project successfully and earn you top grades. All you have to do is order the service here on our service page.

 In the meantime, let us explore the definition of the capstone project, types of projects for students, and a sample capstone project.

What Is a Capstone Project? 

A capstone project in college is a final independent project undertaken in a program of study designed to assess the skills, knowledge, and expertise acquired by the student.

As the name suggests, it is the capstone or crowning achievement of academic life and the last class taken before graduation. It gives you the final credits required to pass the course, which is why every student must take the project.

Since it is designed to assess knowledge and skills gained in a particular discipline, capstone projects vary from school to school and discipline to discipline.

Such a project might involve something as simple as research on a topic, an evaluation of a new technique or method, development of a health program, research into a historical figure or event, or even composing a skit or theatre presentation.

No matter what kind of project you choose to undertake, the result is the same. You get to showcase your understanding of the coursework material learned and display your readiness to enter the professional world to start your career. It is a rewarding experience if done right, but can mess up your final year and possibly your graduation if you manage to mess it up.

Do you know that a successful capstone project also helps to land you lucrative jobs? That’s right, capstone projects are one of the ways potential employers find out just how learned, resourceful, and talented you are. Think of it as a kind of thesis.

Capstone projects are also called culminating projects, experience, senior exhibition, or other similar names. The project is usually self-directed, and most students find it a challenge to even come up with the right capstone project topic. 

Capstone Project Vs. Thesis

A capstone project and a thesis are both very similar in that they represent a final effort from the student just before graduation.

They are done in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the course being undertaken. The comprehensive approach and assessment involved are very similar, and sometimes the structure and methodology might overlap.

Both also have to be reviewed and approved by the institution and will remain in the public domain after publishing.

However, there are some important differences.

• A thesis is purely academic while a capstone project focuses more on the practical preparation of the student for the real world/job market.
• A thesis is guided by a research question resulting in the addition of new knowledge to the field, while a capstone project is guided by the practical importance of the project to the field.
• A thesis involves academic research and analysis, while a capstone project can be anything including a dance or film.
• A thesis is expected to be original and authentic, while a capstone project will have more loose requirements. You can borrow another person’s capstone project ideas , so long as you demonstrate your own advancement in the field.
• A capstone project will usually only have a brief write-up or report, while a thesis generates a detailed, extensive writeup.
• The final presentation of a thesis, called a defense, is meant to prove and show that you have mastered the subject. You are supposed to be a mini-expert in the field. A capstone project presentation comes off as a kind of exhibition where you showcase your project without having to defend it.

Types of Capstone Projects

Capstone projects vary not just in the type of project, also in the level at which they are done.

There are projects for juniors and seniors in college as well as for postgraduate students.

Here are some examples of the forms of projects depending on the academic level.

• In-depth research projects.
• Developing the concept of a product, tool, or service.
• Expositions.
• Experiments.

Capstone projects can be conducted either individually or in a group.

However, the key thing is to make sure that the project proposal has been reviewed and approved by the instructor/panel/institution in charge before proceeding.

Senior Capstone Project

Senior projects are so called because they are done by high school students in their senior year.

Just like other projects, they represent a culmination of the coursework with an interdisciplinary application of knowledge and skills gained so far.

The project usually takes the better part of the final academic year and will have different parts to it, depending on the type of project chosen.

It will also require a presentation where the student(s) explain and describe the project to an audience, including their classmates.

Sample Capstone Project Outline

The write up for a project consists of several parts. However, even before starting the write-up, you need to do a few things:

• Come up with an idea for your project. What will be your subject matter, topic, or premise?
• Find sources for the project and review them beforehand to ensure that they will be of help to you.
• Come up with a step-by-step methodology for your project.

Using this information, you will then write a capstone project proposal for your project. It informs your instructor or review panel exactly what you intend to present so that they can approve or reject it.

Once approved, you can go on to the next stage. The final write-up has the following parts.

• A title page.
• Project outline.
• A description/abstract.
• Introduction
• Rationale/relevance/reason for doing the project.
• Objectives of the project.
• Procedures/methodology.
• Research and analysis.
• Evaluation of results and findings.
• Conclusion and future work/suggestions.
• Bibliography/works cited/reference list.

Note that the project is carried out in stages. Once approved, you will need to be submitting weekly or monthly status reports to your supervisor. After the project report is submitted, you will also have to make a presentation about the whole project.

This brief outline is only meant to be a rough guide. We have a much more detailed article detailing how you can do your capstone project, including a project template. 

Capstone Project Examples

Help for Assessment has extensive experience when it comes to capstone projects of all kinds.

Whether it’s a high school project, a college capstone, or a senior capstone project, you can trust us to carry it out successfully for you.

You can check out various project samples here . 

Get Help With Your Capstone Project

Capstone projects in every level of school are a make or break it deal. Given that they complete the graduation credits required, it makes sense to leave this important part of your coursework to experts.

We are proud to offer you a guide on how to write a capstone project here . If you need help, you can take advantage of our capstone project writing service at affordable, student-friendly rates with amazing discounts. 

Check it out here and make your order to experience excellence, peace of mind, and success thanks to our stellar services.

About the author 

Antony W is a professional writer and coach at Help for Assessment. He spends countless hours every day researching and writing great content filled with expert advice on how to write engaging essays, research papers, and assignments.

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Modifications to Submission Process

University theses have formerly required hand-written signatures on the thesis signature page from the thesis committee members.   From Spring 2022 on, thesis committee member signatures will be obtained via AdobeSign instead.  The Office of Graduate Studies will facilitate this process upon submission of the Thesis Submission Information Form by the thesis author.

For Departmental Theses or Capstone Projects, a single email message from your thesis/project advisor with a subject line of "Thesis/Capstone Approval: Student Name" sent to [email protected] is required for publication.  

The remainder of the review and publication process for both types of theses and capstone projects requires no modification.

If you have additional questions, please contact the graduate coordinator of your program or [email protected] .

Dear Master's Candidate

Dear master's candidate:.

You are about to embark on one of the most important aspects of a master’s degree, the preparation of a master’s thesis or capstone project. The thesis or project will provide you with an opportunity to demonstrate the ideas, research skills, and creative abilities you have gained during your graduate work.

As with your previous master’s coursework, the first place to begin this new endeavor is with your department. The most important person in your department at this time will be your thesis or project advisor. You should select an advisor who is a good match with your research interests and with whom you have a good academic and working relationship. The selection and definition of a research topic and methodology is a key element for completing a successful thesis. Your thesis or project advisor is the person who will help you do this and who will guide you through the content and research requirements of the thesis or project.

The university recognizes two types of theses, University Theses, and Departmental Theses, and one type of Capstone Project.   Your program will specify which one you should complete, or perhaps provide an option of any of the three.   University Theses must comply with university guidelines regarding formatting, while your program will define the format required for a Departmental Thesis or Capstone Project.

If you are completing a University Thesis, the Office of Graduate Studies will assist you with the style and format of your thesis. This  University Thesis Writing Guide  and the  Thesis Format One-Pager  present the requirements to follow when you write your thesis. Reading and following these guidelines will help you to prepare a thesis that will be in conformance with university standards and thus acceptable for format and style. If you are completing a Departmental Thesis or Capstone Project, and your department does not provide a specified format for your thesis or project, you may wish to follow the University Thesis format guidelines in order to produce a thesis of professional quality.   Questions of content and academic quality are determined by the thesis or project advisor in your department.

if you are completing a University Thesis, after you have read the Thesis Format One-Pager and the University Thesis Writing Guide, please email  [email protected]  if you have any questions concerning style and format not covered in these pages. If you are completing a Departmental Thesis or Capstone Project, please contact your program coordinator with any questions.   I encourage you to clear up any questions before the preparation of your final draft. 

Congratulations on your graduate work to date and best wishes on your thesis or project.

Kevin Brown, Ph.D. Director of Graduate Studies 

Introduction

A University Thesis   is a formal presentation of an objective, critical investigation. It is to be written in a formal, scholarly manner in standard English. The quality of both the presentation and content of the finished thesis is a major consideration in its acceptance by the University. 

A University Thesis demonstrates originality, clear purpose, appropriate organization, critical analysis, independent thinking, and accurate and complete documentation. Style, language, and punctuation must be consistent. Description, cataloging, compilation, or other simple procedures are not adequate.

The   Office of Graduate Studies will assist students completing University Theses with the required format and style .

Following the guidelines in The   University Thesis Writing Guide   will help you to prepare a thesis that will be in conformance with University standards and thus acceptable for format and style. You also have available to you the   Thesis Format One-Pager   to be used as a quick reference tool. 

For questions, email   [email protected] .

A Departmental Thesis is very similar to a University Thesis in terms of objective and content.  The main distinction is that the format of a departmental thesis is specified by your department rather than the university.  As a result, Departmental Theses do not undergo format review by the Office of Graduate Studies.

A Capstone Project is a significant undertaking in either a fine or applied art or a professional field. Projects should provide evidence of originality, independent thinking, and appropriate form and organization. Students are required to describe their project in a written abstract that addresses the project’s significance, objectives, methodology, and conclusions. In some cases, the student may be required to present an oral defense.

For questions, please contact your program coordinator or thesis or project advisor.

For both types of theses, the   Thesis Advisor   in your department can answer questions regarding content or academic quality .  The Project Advisor or Instructor of your project class can answer similar questions regarding Capstone Projects.

How to begin

• Consult with a graduate advisor . Learn about your graduate program and the requirements for preparing a thesis or project.
• For University and Departmental Theses, form a thesis committee . It is important to contact your department for guidelines on forming a thesis committee to supervise your writing.  Guidelines vary department-by-department.   The Chair of your committee must be a California State University, East Bay faculty member.
• Capstone Projects may or may not require a committee.  Contact your department for more information.
• Previously published papers can be used for a thesis if : the student is first (senior) author on the published papers; there is written permission from the publishers to use the papers for the thesis; and there is both an introductory chapter as well as a concluding chapter that connect the papers together.
• Enroll in your department’s thesis or project course .   University Thesis courses are numbered 691, while Departmental Thesis courses are numbered 699.  Capstone Project courses are numbered 693.
• University Thesis Writing Guide
• Thesis Format One-Pager
• For other materials, scroll to "Thesis Resources".

Obtain thesis or project topic approval

• Settle on a thesis or project topic with the guidance of your department, and obtain Thesis Committee approval (if necessary).
• If required, get Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval . Approval of research protocol by the IRB is mandatory if research with human subjects is involved. This review is necessary to determine whether human subjects will be at risk and to protect their rights and welfare.   IRB approval must be obtained before research commences . 

Students should contact the   IRB Coordinator   early in their thesis or project planning process and should submit their completed application (protocol) to the IRB   at least two months before they plan to begin their research .

Any research involving surveys, experiments, questionnaires, interviews, and similar methodology involves research with human subjects. Theses or projects in the social and behavioral sciences, education, health fields and management/ administration will probably require this review.

For further questions, contact the   Office of Research & Sponsored Programs   . 

After your draft is finished

Work closely with your thesis   committee chair or project advisor/instructor to review your progress, and revise as directed until your committee judges your thesis or project to be   acceptable and complete .

For students completing a University Thesis, follow all formatting requirements as outlined in the  University Thesis Writing Guide  and  Thesis Format One-Pager .

Be sure to include all mandatory elements. Theses must contain the four sections that are listed below in bold-faced type.   Additional sections, as listed below and marked by asterisks (*), are optional. Sections must be assembled in the following order: 

• Copyright Page*
• Signature Page (will be completed through AdobeSign)
• Acknowledgments*
• Table of Contents
• Lists of figures, graphs, photos, plates, maps and tables; if used*
• Page 1. First page of thesis text
• Endnotes, if not in text or at end of chapters*
• Bibliography*

Title Page . Use the   template in the   University Thesis Writing  Guide   as tools to help you determine whether your Title Page has been formatted correctly.

Create a typed version following the instructions on the template. Insert the same number of blank lines as indicated on the templates.

Hold your typed Title Page up to the light along with a copy of the appropriate template to check alignment of all elements.  Note : Alignment of the elements on your typed pages will vary slightly depending upon the font, etc.

For students completing a Departmental Thesis or Capstone Project, please contact your program coordinator for details regarding required formatting.

Note : Faculty members are not expected to take time to make extensive corrections or revisions. They are encouraged, instead, to return draft materials to the student with general instructions and suggestions for bringing the thesis or project up to required departmental and University standards.

University Thesis Defense

If your department or committee requires an oral thesis defense, you must have successfully defended your thesis prior to submitting it for format review. 

Your thesis should be defended and all committee-requested changes should be made prior to submitting your thesis for format review. All that should change between the first and second format review deadlines should be the formatting changes required by the Thesis Editor.

There can be no changes in content once the thesis has been submitted for format review – only minor formatting changes requested by the Thesis Editor can be made in that time period. So we ask that the thesis be defended prior to submission for format changes. 

Departmental Theses or Capstone Project Defense

Your department may require an oral defense of your Departmental Thesis or Capstone Project.   Please contact your department for details.

Format review

• Be sure your committee members have approved the text of your thesis and require no further changes.
• Email the Thesis/Capstone Information Submission Form to [email protected] and [email protected] . Put "University Thesis Submission Info Form" in the Subject line.
• Submit your final and committee approved thesis to [email protected] .
• The thesis can be submitted as a single PDF, or as two separate PDFs : The Preliminary and Content Pages can be separate. Please put Thesis for Format Review in the Subject line of your email. Note : Early submissions are appreciated.
• Complete the AdobeSign Signature page form that will be mailed to your Horizon email account by the Office of Graduate Studies.  Please remind your University Thesis committee members to digitally sign the Signature page as well.   They will be emailed a request.  If the chair of your University Thesis committee will be away from campus during the final semester, you are responsible for making alternative arrangements for final approval.
• During the review, the Thesis Editor will return the Thesis Checklist and a copy of your thesis with recommended edits. Work with the Thesis Editor to make the final changes.
• After revising the thesis , return it to [email protected] with the title “Revised Thesis” in the subject line for a final check.
• When the review is complete , the Thesis Editor will send an approval email stating that your thesis is ready to submit for archiving.

Students completing a Departmental Thesis or Capstone Project should contact their program coordinator or thesis or project advisor for questions regarding formatting of their thesis. 

AdobeSign Signature Page Process

For University Theses only, your thesis Signature page will be completed through the AdobeSign process.   The committee member approval signatures will also be collected through the same process.

After you have submitted the Thesis Information Submission Form to the Office of Graduate Studies, you will be emailed a request to complete the Signature page via an AdobeSign form.   You will be asked to enter the title of your thesis and your name.   Please ensure that you use all capitals in the title and that you delete any lines which are not used.  If you need to include special characters including characters with accent marks, Greek symbols, or mathematical equations in your title, please see the instructions below.

After you complete the Signature page form, select "Submit".   The Office of Graduate Studies will route the page to your committee members.  You will receive a copy of the completed Signature page when your thesis committee members have approved your thesis.

Windows OS:

1. Special Characters, Symbols, and Accent Marks

Search for "Character Map" in the search bar embedded in the Windows toolbar Open the Character Map application Find the symbol or letter you'd like to use and double click it to place it in the "Characters to copy" bar Select "Copy".  Navigate to the Adobe Sign document and use the paste function to place the symbol or letter in the desired field.

2. Mathematical Equations It is necessary to type the equations in the MS Word application and then copy and paste it to the AdobeSign document. Full instructions here: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/insert-mathematical-symbols-91a4b04c-84a8-4de9-bd13-8609e14bed58

1. Accent marks: When you type a letter that needs an accent or other diacritical mark, hold down that key on the keyboard to display an accent menu. Copy and paste it in the desired field within the Adobe Sign document.

2. Special Characters and Symbols: Press Control-Command-Space bar to open the Character Viewer. Find the desired symbol or character and copy and paste it in the desired field within the Adobe Sign document.

3. Mathematical equations: It is necessary to type the equations in the Pages app and then copy and paste it to the AdobeSign document.  Full instructions here:  https://support.apple.com/guide/pages/add-mathematical-equations-tanca5a4fbd9/11.2/mac/1.0

Archiving your thesis or project

At CSUEB, your thesis or project will be archived electronically.   To archive the thesis or project, submit the final electronic version (PDF) of the thesis or project to the  Library  for inclusion in  ScholarWorks,  the CSUEB   Institutional Repository.

• Complete and sign the  Non-Exclusive Distribution  License and Availability Agreement .  The Department Chair signature is only required for Embargo .
• Email the  License Agreement and a PDF version of the complete thesis , including a copy of the  signed Signature Page  to [email protected] .
• For University Theses , ensure that all committee member signatures have been obtained via AdobeSign by the deadline.  After the Library receives the thesis, the Office of Graduate Studies will notify the graduation evaluators in the Records Office that your thesis has been accepted.
• Email the Thesis/Capstone Information Submission Form to [email protected].   Please use a subject line of "Departmental Thesis Submission Info Form" or "Capstone Project Submission Form" respectively.
• Ask your thesis or project advisor/instructor to send an email message to [email protected] using a subject line of "Thesis Approval: Student Name" or "Project Approval: Student Name" to verify that your thesis or project is complete and ready to be archived.   Please ask your advisor to include your name, department, and thesis title in the email message.   For capstone courses, your instructor may send one message listing all students who have completed their projects in the course.

Open, Public Access to ScholarWorks. 

By default, items in   CSUEB’s Institutional Repository   are open access, meaning that anyone can access your work through   ScholarWorks , the library catalog, or searching online via a search engine like Google or Bing. This brings greater visibility to your work and makes it more likely to be seen and used by other scholars. 

We strongly encourage you to   not   place access restrictions on deposited items. However, we understand that there may be times when restricted access is necessary. Please check with your thesis or project advisor and/or any journals to which you are planning to submit your thesis or project for publication if you have any concerns. 

Embargo (aka restricted access)  The act of restricting access to a deposited item is an embargo. Items deposited in CSUEB’s   ScholarWorks   may be embargoed for six months, one year, or two years, if necessary, as is standard practice by many institutional repositories (for example, Duke University, University of Washington, and ProQuest). However, once again, we strongly encourage you to   not   place an embargo on your work. 

While the full-text PDF of your thesis will not be available online during the embargo period, we will place a record for your embargoed work in   ScholarWorks , making note of the date when the full text will become available after the expiration of the embargo. 

Embargoes upon items deposited in CSUEB’s   ScholarWorks   are rarely necessary, as many publishers, including   Nature Publishing Group   allow for the deposit of pre-submission versions of work in Institutional Repositories prior to publication. 

You can find out the pre-print, post-print, and embargo policies of many journals by searching the   Sherpa/RoMEO database , a service provided by   University of Nottingham. 

You and your thesis or project advisor may discuss what need, if any, there is for an embargo before submitting your thesis or project and you will need to note your decision on the   Non- Exclusive Distribution and  Availability Agreement . If you choose not to restrict access to your thesis or project by placing it under embargo, you do not need your advisor to sign the form.

If you have any questions, email [email protected] or call the   University Archives   at 510-885-3892.

Some departments also require 1 or 2  printed and bound copies. Please verify this requirement with your Thesis Chair or Project Advisor/Instructor.

If a bound copy is required, or you desire a bound copy for your own records, you may contact a thesis binding service and contract with them individually.   The following two thesis binding services are recommended:

PhD Book Binding at: https://phdbookbinding.com/

Kater Crafts at: http://www.katercrafts.com/

Deadlines

Students completing a University Thesis are responsible for submitting their thesis for Format Review by the Format Review deadline for the semester in which they intend to graduate.   Students completing a Departmental Thesis or Capstone Project should not submit their thesis or project for review by the Office of Graduate Studies.   Their department will determine the appropriate format.  They should however submit an electronic copy of their thesis to the University Library for inclusion in ScholarWorks, the CSUEB institutional repository.

By the Format Review deadline , students completing a University Thesis must submit:

• The final committee approved copy of their University Thesis in PDF format for Format Review.
• The Thesis Submission Information Form .

The Signature Page should not be signed . The page must be approved for format and signatures will be obtained via AdobeSIgn.

By the Electronic Library Submissions deadline , students completing a University Thesis must:

• Submit their thesis in PDF format including committee signatures to [email protected] .
• Sign and submit the Non-Exclusive Distribution License and Availability Agreement to [email protected] .
• For University theses only, the student and all committee members must complete the AdobeSign signature process.  

These are firm deadlines and you must meet both. Otherwise, your graduation will be delayed.

Deadlines to submit your University thesis for format review and submit copies:

Students completing a Departmental Thesis or Capstone Project should also follow the above instructions to submit their work for inclusion in ScholarWorks, the CSUEB institutional repository.   In addition, they should ask their thesis committee chair or project advisor/instructor to send an email message to [email protected] using a subject line of "Thesis/Project Approval: Student Name" after they have approved the thesis or project.

Deadlines for submission of Departmental Theses and Capstone Projects for inclusion in ScholarWorks are 2 weeks after the Library submission deadline above for University Theses. 

Thesis Resources

• Thesis format one-pager
• University thesis writing guide
• Thesis/Capstone submission information form
• Non-exclusive distribution license and availability agreement
• Thesis templates
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17 Thesis Defense Questions and How to Answer Them

A thesis defense gives you the chance to show off your thesis work and demonstrate your expertise in your field of study. During this one- to two-hour discussion with the members of your thesis committee, you'll have some control over how you present your research, but your committee will ask you some prodding questions to test your knowledge and preparedness. They will all have read your thesis beforehand, so their questions will relate to your study, topic, methods, data sample, and other aspects.

A good defense requires mastery of the thesis itself, so before you consider the questions you might face,

1. What is your topic, and why did you choose it?

Give a quick summary in just a few sentences on what you've researched. You could certainly go on for hours about your work, but make sure you prepare a way to give a very brief overview of your thesis. Then, give a quick background on your process for choosing this topic.

2. How does your topic contribute to the existing literature? How is it important?

Many researchers identify a need in the field and choose a topic to bridge the gaps that previous literature has failed to cover. For example, previous studies might not have included a certain population, region, or circumstance. Talk about how your thesis enhances the general understanding of the topic to extend the reach beyond what others have found, and then give examples of why the world needs that increased understanding. For instance, a thesis on romaine lettuce crops in desert climates might bring much-needed knowledge to a region that might not have been represented in previous work.

3. What are the key findings of your study?

When reporting your main results, make sure you have a handle on how detailed your committee wants you to be. Give yourself several options by preparing 1) a very general, quick summary of your findings that takes a minute or less, 2) a more detailed rundown of what your study revealed that is 3-5 minutes long, and 3) a 10- to 15-minute synopsis that delves into your results in detail. With each of these responses prepared, you can gauge which one is most appropriate in the moment, based on what your committee asks you and what has already been requested.

4. What type of background research did you do for your study?

Here you'll describe what you did while you were deciding what to study. This usually includes a literary review to determine what previous researchers have already introduced to the field. You also likely had to look into whether your study was going to be possible and what you would need in order to collect the needed data. Did you need info from databases that require permissions or fees?

5. What was your hypothesis, and how did you form it?

Describe the expected results you had for your study and whether your hypothesis came from previous research experience, long-held expectations, or cultural myths.

6. What limitations did you face when writing your text?

It's inevitable — researchers will face roadblocks or limiting factors during their work. This could be a limited population you had access to, like if you had a great method of surveying university students, but you didn't have a way to reach out to other people who weren't attending that school.

7. Why did you choose your particular method for your study?

Different research methods are more fitting to specific studies than others (e.g., qualitative vs. quantitative ), and knowing this, you applied a method that would present your findings most effectively. What factors led you to choose your method?

8. Who formed the sample group of your study, and why did you choose this population?

Many factors go into the selection of a participant group. Perhaps you were motivated to survey women over 50 who experience burnout in the workplace. Did you take extra measures to target this population? Or perhaps you found a sample group that responded more readily to your request for participation, and after hitting dead ends for months, convenience is what shaped your study population. Make sure to present your reasoning in an honest but favorable way.

9. What obstacles or limitations did you encounter while working with your sample?

Outline the process of pursuing respondents for your study and the difficulties you faced in collecting enough quality data for your thesis. Perhaps the decisions you made took shape based on the participants you ended up interviewing.

10. Was there something specific you were expecting to find during your analysis?

Expectations are natural when you set out to explore a topic, especially one you've been dancing around throughout your academic career. This question can refer to your hypotheses , but it can also touch on your personal feelings and expectations about this topic. What did you believe you would find when you dove deeper into the subject? Was that what you actually found, or were you surprised by your results?

11. What did you learn from your study?

Your response to this question can include not only the basic findings of your work (if you haven't covered this already) but also some personal surprises you might have found that veered away from your expectations. Sometimes these details are not included in the thesis, so these details can add some spice to your defense.

12. What are the recommendations from your study?

With connection to the reasons you chose the topic, your results can address the problems your work is solving. Give specifics on how policymakers, professionals in the field, etc., can improve their service with the knowledge your thesis provides.

13. If given the chance, what would you do differently?

Your response to this one can include the limitations you encountered or dead ends you hit that wasted time and funding. Try not to dwell too long on the annoyances of your study, and consider an area of curiosity; for example, discuss an area that piqued your interest during your exploration that would have been exciting to pursue but didn't directly benefit your outlined study.

14. How did you relate your study to the existing theories in the literature?

Your paper likely ties your ideas into those of other researchers, so this could be an easy one to answer. Point out how similar your work is to some and how it contrasts other works of research; both contribute greatly to the overall body of research.

15. What is the future scope of this study?

This one is pretty easy, since most theses include recommendations for future research within the text. That means you already have this one covered, and since you read over your thesis before your defense, it's already fresh in your mind.

16. What do you plan to do professionally after you complete your study?

This is a question directed more to you and your future professional plans. This might align with the research you performed, and if so, you can direct your question back to your research, maybe mentioning the personal motivations you have for pursuing study of that subject.

17. Do you have any questions?

Although your thesis defense feels like an interrogation, and you're the one in the spotlight, it provides an ideal opportunity to gather input from your committee, if you want it. Possible questions you could ask are: What were your impressions when reading my thesis? Do you believe I missed any important steps or details when conducting my work? Where do you see this work going in the future?

Bonus tip: What if you get asked a question to which you don't know the answer? You can spend weeks preparing to defend your thesis, but you might still be caught off guard when you don't know exactly what's coming. You can be ready for this situation by preparing a general strategy. It's okay to admit that your thesis doesn't offer the answers to everything – your committee won't reasonably expect it to do so. What you can do to sound (and feel!) confident and knowledgeable is to refer to a work of literature you have encountered in your research and draw on that work to give an answer. For example, you could respond, "My thesis doesn't directly address your question, but my study of Dr. Leifsen's work provided some interesting insights on that subject…." By preparing a way to address curveball questions, you can maintain your cool and create the impression that you truly are an expert in your field.

After you're done answering the questions your committee presents to you, they will either approve your thesis or suggest changes you should make to your paper. Regardless of the outcome, your confidence in addressing the questions presented to you will communicate to your thesis committee members that you know your stuff. Preparation can ease a lot of anxiety surrounding this event, so use these possible questions to make sure you can present your thesis feeling relaxed, prepared, and confident.

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The Graduate College » Faculty/Staff » Graduate Handbook » Master's Degree Policies and Procedures » Theses and Capstones

Culminating Experience: Theses and Capstones

Every degree requires a culminating experience that is designed to integrate and apply the knowledge and learning gained from the curriculum, and demonstrate mastery of the subject matter in the degree. A master’s thesis is required by some programs, and a master’s capstone project/experience is required in others. Each master’s degree student undergoes an individual evaluation process at the end of their program.

Thesis Preparation, Evaluation and Submission Process

Preparation of a thesis demonstrates the student’s ability to communicate and to evaluate critically. Information about preparing an electronic thesis is available on the Graduate College website. The student should consult with their program office for additional forms required other than what appears on the graduation checklist.

A student must note any relevant deadlines defined by their program, and work with their program leadership to form a thesis committee composed of at least two UC faculty members, at least one of whom must be a member of the university graduate faculty . The thesis committee can guide the student in their exploration of the topic of the master’s thesis, and is responsible for final evaluation of the thesis. The student must submit the completed thesis to the thesis committee for critical evaluation, by the deadline required by the program or their thesis committee. Students who have written a thesis are expected by the Graduate College per their program requirements to make a public announcement of their thesis defense, including time, date, and title of the public presentation. The format for thesis evaluation is decided by the academic unit offering the graduate degree.

Faculty with emerit status may remain on the committee if they were members when the proposal was accepted and were full-time tenured, university graduate faculty. A faculty member originally on a student’s committee who leaves UC to take an academic position elsewhere may also continue to serve on the student’s committee if both the faculty member and the student agree to continue the relationship. However, neither an emerit professor nor a faculty member from another institution may serve as chair of the committee, since they are no longer eligible to be university graduate faculty. 

Once a thesis has been approved by their committee, the candidate for the master’s degree must submit an electronic thesis by following the current instructions online at the Graduate College's Graduation page . Be careful to adhere to any deadlines for submission, or graduation will be delayed.

Capstone Process

Master’s students who are not required to complete a thesis should consult their academic programs about the requirements and procedures for the capstone experience in their programs. 

In some programs, the final capstone event may be in the form of a comprehensive exam or research project; in others, the final evaluation may appropriately be a recital, performance, or exhibition. The specific nature of the final evaluation is determined by the academic unit offering the master’s degree program, but it must include evaluation by full-time faculty at the University of Cincinnati. If questioned, the appropriateness of a final evaluation will be decided by the University Graduate Council.  

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MS/DI | Overview | How to Apply | MS/DI Advisors | Capstone Project | Program Calendar | MS/DI Hanbook | MS/DI to RDN

MS/DI Capstone Project

The Capstone Project is the culminating academic experience for the Master of Science in Nutrition graduate program. The scope and presentation of the project must demonstrate the student’s skills in a variety of areas including, formal academic/technical writing, the research process, and the application of nutrition principles in the public health arena.  Students must complete a 6 credit hour capstone project to meet graduation requirements. Together, a written literature review, oral presentation and defense represent the final evaluation.

Selecting a Capstone Project

• Selecting a case study patient from one of your first- or second-semester rotations.
• Conducting a review of the research literature on the case study patient’s condition.
• Evaluating the research studies identified in the literature review using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Center/Library (EAC/EAL) process.
• Writing a 6-10-page literature review.
• Preparing a presentation of the case study including the literature review, case description and nutrition therapy provided based on the Academy’s Nutrition Care Manual.
• Successfully presenting and defending the capstone project.
• MS Nutrition Capstone Handbook

• Follow this guidance in planning and implementing your project/thesis
• Read through it carefully and discus any concerns/questions with your faculty advisor

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Tufts seniors see their academic achievements come to fruition, one thesis at a time

Seniors julio dominguez, olivia calkins and becca kaplan discuss thesis origins and research..

Olivia Calkins examines cells under a microscope in the Kaplan Lab in the Science and Technology Center on Nov. 17, 2023.

As the Class of 2024 approaches the end of their final semester at Tufts , some have concluded this year with a senior thesis, a culmination of their academic journey. These students have worked incredibly hard throughout the year to complete extensive papers and capstone projects in their respective courses of study.

Julio Dominguez  is a senior double-majoring  in sociology and international relations. Dominguez wrote his senior thesis on how second-generation Latinos balance their ethnicities and sexuality.

“ I’m  looking at how they balance and navigate these different identities ,” Dominguez said. “ [Queer Latinos a re] very marginalized since their forms of masculinity are not aligned with hegemonic masculinity … [and] Latino circles  … tend to be very homogenous thinking, especially in terms of culture and expectations.”

For his thesis, Dominguez pulled from his own lived experiences.

“ I, m yself, am a queer, second-generation Latino. My parents are also foreign-born,” Dominguez said. “I’ve always had these tensions, and there’s a lot of literature on the subject.”

Dominguez views these cultural expectations as something that causes queer individuals to hide or conceal their sexuality. When researching these themes, he focused on literature relating to queer identities, masculinity and belonging.

“ I  attem pted to look at masculinity as a very multifaceted topic in the sense that there’s so many different types of masculinity that people can perform or embody,” Dominguez said. “ Gender itself exists in a hierarchy .  … A t the top is this form of hegemonic masculinity that essentially   perpetuates these marginalizations of other masculinities.”

To incorporate more perspectives into his thesis, Dominguez also interviewed 12 people about their personal experiences.

“ In ter ms of recruitment, I couldn’t find too many people … there was sort of a lack of community for them, ” Dominguez said.

Dominguez also noted that a hookup culture contributes to this lack of community.

“Ge nerally, many queer second-generation Latino men aren’t friends with many people of the same community,”  Dominguez said. “[And there is a] stigma of like, ‘Oh, they’re messy,’ and many of them have hooked up with each other.”

Dominguez recommends pursuing a senior thesis, especially on a topic that is particularly important to you.

“I was able to employ my own positionality [and] perspectives on different issues,” Dominguez said. “It was very empowering.”

Dominguez will be working for the nonprofit organization Teach for America  for two years, and is interested in attending graduate school after.  

Olivia Calkins  is a senior majoring in chemical engineering and minoring in both food systems and cellular agriculture. Calkins was first introduced to the idea of cultivated meat while taking an introductory biomedical engineering course with p rofessor David Kaplan  during her freshman year.

“I took a BME class with Dr . David Kaplan, and on the first day, he was talking about how he works on cultivated meat, which is growing meat in a lab to essentially completely replace animal agriculture,”  Calkins said. “That helps not only the environment, but also my personal interest in animal welfare. And then I was like, ‘This is the perfect combination.’”

After reaching out to Professor Kaplan, Calkins got to work in his lab during her freshman summer . Within the Kaplan Lab , Calkins developed a particular interest in insect cell culture, which develops insect cell lines for food purposes. Specifically, the lab works with the tobacco hornworm  caterpillar.

“ The reason why insect cells are so beneficial to this field is because they’re able to grow at ambient room temperature, and they can withstand fluctuations in pH , and if you are thinking about growing meat for so many people, you want cells that are so adaptable,”  Calkins said.

This interest in insect cells eventually developed into a full-fledged senior thesis.

“Specifically, my t hesis is focused on scaling up insect cells [and] making them more adaptable to be able to grow,”  Calkins said. “I rea lly just wanted to tie [my research] all together in this one nice project and then share with everyone.”

Calkins’ senior thesis includes a written paper and a defense, which consists of a presentation of her research and time for questions from professors.

“ I’ve bee n really focused on building this story over the past year, ” Calkins said. “ It’s b een such a good learning opportunity for me to actually have independence and control over my projects.”

After graduation, Calkins plans to dedicate time to exploring a potential specialization before entering a Ph.D . prog ram.

Becca Kaplan  is a senior double-majoring in English and political science. Kaplan recently completed her English senior thesis entitled “ Split at the Root: A Critical Analysis of the Intersectional Feminism of Adrienne Rich and Audre Lorde .”

“ [I was] s pecifically looking at Adrienne Rich  and Audre Lorde , and how intersectionality, which is really a new term, came to fruition in practice much earlier,” Kaplan said. “So, f or Audre Lorde, she is both black and queer and also a feminist. For Adrienne Rich, she is a feminist but also Jewish and queer. So [I am] talking about their work and seeing how all of those identities are intertwined and expressed in their poetry and their prose.”  

Kaplan originally became interested in Adrienne Rich’s poems after taking an English course titled American Women Writers .

“We wer e reading her poetry and I was like, ‘This is amazing, and totally speaks to something that I felt in my life,’”  Kaplan said.  “So, I bought the whole book, read all of that poetry and just became kind of obsessed with her.”

Similar to Dominguez, Kaplan was inspired by her own experiences.

“It was re ally cool to see some of my own identities in their work, and how I can relate to what they’ve written,”  Kaplan said. “I think that was really the inspiration for [my thesis]: how Judaism and queerness has impacted my own version of feminism, and seeing how that has worked for these two women.”

Kaplan’s paper is around 40 pages, but English theses can range from  35 to more than 80 pages.

“It’s a very di fferent project than anything I’ve done,” Kaplan said. “This is so much longer, so the focus is not just the one thesis that you’re carrying all the way through. It’s essentially a bunch of mini essays together that all have a general overarching theme.”

Kaplan plans to work after graduation but hopes to later return to school for a Ph.D. in English.

Spanning sociology, English and engineering, each thesis is a unique reflection of these seniors’ passions and learnings from the past four years.

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Texas Tech Now

Engineering capstone project yields useful tool.

May 17, 2024

A piece of research equipment made by students will be used in the Edward E. Whitacre Jr. College of Engineering.

What started as a capstone project handed to a group of students in Texas Tech University 's Edward E. Whitacre Jr. College of Engineering has yielded a useful tool for future research. 

Given the opportunity to select a project, the undergraduate students in the Department of Mechanical Engineering leaned into helping current and future graduate students by creating a tool that could be used in rocket research.  

The equipment built by the students is called a thrust stand, and if you're not exactly sure what that is, you're not alone. 

“Basically, a thrust stand is a mounted rocket motor,” explained Joseph Pantoya, one of the mechanical engineering students involved in the project. “It collects thrust and pressure data for a given rocket fuel. 

“What we can do is get fuels that the combustion lab makes, put them in our rocket motor and test them out in a controlled environment.”

The capstone course brought together a team of six students from diverse backgrounds to complete the final steps in their mechanical engineering degrees with their project supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD).

Grants from sources like DOE and DOD give professors the resources needed to supply students with a hands-on learning experience while also creating something of value for the wider world. 

In this case, the thrust stand will be used by both graduate and undergraduate students in the Combustion Lab , where testing of accelerants used in various types of rockets takes place daily. The capstone project will help researchers test solid fuel combustion and better understand how those fuels can be designed to advance hypersonic combustion for propulsion applications. 

“Being able to help students in the lab publish research papers one day with something we designed is really cool,” said Juan Aguirre, another of the students involved with the thrust stand project. 

The project required working with graduate students in the lab to understand and address their needs in the design phase. Meeting the needs of those students was a critical piece of the puzzle, but it wasn't the only piece. 

Moving from the theoretical aspects of design into the actual production phase, managing a budget and producing a useful final product were all hurdles the thrust stand team had to conquer.

“We had a lot of challenges,” team member Ajibek Karatalov said. “Most of the challenges were logistical. For example, one of the main parts was shipped from Japan, and it never made it. I don't know why. So, these kinds of challenges were sort of boundaries, but I'm glad that we overcame them as a team.”

Luckily for the students, there are plenty of resources and mentors to lean on. Mechanical engineering's machine shop, for instance, provided the expertise the students needed to work through many of the technical issues along with the sage advice that comes from working with professionals. 

“I think having the shop instructors, Roy Mullins and David Meyers , they kind of gave us a new perspective on the issues we were facing,” said Jeffery (Mitch) McHugh, another team member. “They had more of a rounded perspective because they've worked in the field. That really helped us and gave us a perspective of what people that we may be working with in the future will have to say.”

The team's design was on display at the Mechanical Engineering Expo, an event held on Texas Tech's campus where, along with other teams from the department, the work of the last year is shown off to the campus community.

Mullins and the staff at the machine shop work with a wide range of students daily, helping with things like welding and machining parts that wouldn't normally be done by engineers in the field, and he was impressed with the thrust stand team's competency. 

“They've been a pretty self-sufficient group, actually,” Mullins said. “We've had to answer the usual technical questions and assist them in some machining, but for the most part, with the end design they've done really well on their own.

“It was a very specific subject. It was a research project tied to research we do in the department, so that was kind of unique in and of itself. But what really struck us about this project was it was for a research project that ties immediately to a critical problem.”

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