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Odia Essay on "Environmental Pollution", "ପରିବେଶ ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣ ରଚନା" for Students

Essay on Environmental Pollution in Odia Language : In this article " ପରିବେଶ ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣ ରଚନା ", " paribesh pradushan odia essay ...

Essay on Environmental Pollution in Odia Language : In this article " ପରିବେଶ ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣ ରଚନା ", " paribesh pradushan odia essay rachana  for students of class 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.

Odia Essay on " Environmental Pollution ", " ପରିବେଶ ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣ ରଚନା " for Students

ଉପକ୍ରମ : ଭକ୍ତକବି ମଧୁସୂଦନ ଲେଖୁଥଲେ

ମଧୁମୟ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ସୁଧାମୟ ସୃଷ୍ଟି

ଏ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ଅମୃତମୟ ହେ

ଜାଗ ନରନାରୀ ଅମୃତ ସନ୍ତତି

ପିଅ ସେ ଅମୃତ ପୟ ହେ ।

ଏହି ବିଶାଳ ଜଟତ ହେଉଛି ଭବାନଙ୍କର ଅପୂର୍ବ ଓ ଅନିର୍ବଚନୀୟ ସୃଷ୍ଟି । ବୃକ୍ଷଲତା, ତରୁ, ତୃଣ, ପଶୁ, ପକ୍ଷୀ, ନଦୀ, ନିଝର, ଗିରି, ବନ, କାନନ ଓ କାନ୍ତାରକୁ ନେଇ ଏ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୋଇଛି ସୁନ୍ଦର ଓ ମଧୁର । ପୁଷ୍ପର ହାସ୍ୟ ବିକାଶ, ମଳୟର ମଦିର ସର୍ଶ, ବାୟୁର ହିଲ୍ଲୋଳ, ନଦୀର କଲ୍ଲୋଳ ଓ ଡାଳେ ଡାଳେ ବିହଗମାନଙ୍କର ମଧୁର କାକଳି ମାନବ ପ୍ରାଣରେ କେଉଁ ଏକ ସ୍ଵତ୍ପଲୋକର ମାୟା ସୃଷ୍ଟିକରେ; କିନ୍ତୁ ଦୁଃଖର କଥା, ପ୍ରକୃତି ଓ ପରିବେଶର ସେହି ସ୍ଵର୍ଗୀୟ ମାଧୁରୀ ଆଧୁନିକତାର ସ୍ପର୍ଶରେ ହୋଇଛି କ୍ଷୟିଷ୍ଣୁ । ବିକାଶ ନାମରେ ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ଆପଣାର ବିଷାକ୍ତ ରସନା ପ୍ରସାର କରି ତାହାକୁ ସମୂଳେ ଗ୍ରାସ କରିବାକୁ ଉଦ୍ୟତ । ତେଣୁ ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣରୁ । ମୁକ୍ତି ଓ ପରିବେଶର ସୁରକ୍ଷା ହେଉଛି ଆଧୁନିକ ବିଶ୍ୱର ଏକ ପ୍ରଧାନ ସମସ୍ୟା ।

ପରିବେଶ ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣର କାରଣ : ପଞ୍ଚ ମହାଭୂତର ଅଂଶ ବିଶେଷ ଜଳ ଓ ବାୟୁ ହେଉଛି ଜୀବନର ଆଧାର । ବୃକ୍ଷଲତା ଓ କୀଟ ପତଙ୍ଗଠାରୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ କରି ମନୁଷ୍ୟପ୍ରାଣୀ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ସମସ୍ତେ ବଞ୍ଚି ରହିଛନ୍ତି କେବଳ ଜଳ ଓ ବାୟୁକୁ ଆଶ୍ରୟ କରି । ଜଳର ଅନ୍ୟ ନାମ ଜୀବନ । ଶ୍ଵାସ ପ୍ରଶ୍ୱାସରେ ପ୍ରବାହିତ ହେଉଥିବା ବାୟୁ ହେଉଛି ପ୍ରାଣବାୟୁ । କେଉଁ ସୁଦୂର ଅତୀତ କାଳରେ ପ୍ରଥମ କରି ମାନବ ସଭ୍ୟତା ଗଢ଼ିଉଠିଥିଲା ପୃଥିବୀର ବୃହତ୍ ବୃହତ୍ ନଦୀକୂଳରେ । ମାତୃତୁଲ୍ୟା ନଦୀ ତୋୟ ଦାନକରି ପୁଷ୍ଟ କରିଥିଲା ସେହି ସଭ୍ୟତାକୁ । ଭାରତରେ ଗଙ୍ଗା, ଯମୁନା, ସରସ୍ୱତୀ, ନର୍ମଦା, ସିନ୍ଧୁ, କାବେରୀ, ଗୋଦାବରୀ, ବୈତରଣୀ ପ୍ରଭୃତି ନଦୀଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପୁରାଣ ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ । ପବିତ୍ର ଏମାନଙ୍କ ନୀର । ତାହା କେବଳ ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ଓ ପଶୁପକ୍ଷୀଙ୍କୁ ଜୀବନ ଦାନକରି ନାହିଁ, ପୌରାଣିକ ମତରେ ଏଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପାପ ପ୍ରକ୍ଷାଳିନୀ, ମୁକ୍ତି ଦାୟିନୀ ଏବଂ ପୁଣ୍ୟବିଧାୟିନୀ ଅଟନ୍ତି । ପୁଣ୍ୟତୋୟା ଗଙ୍ଗାନଦୀ ପତିତପାବିନୀ ନାମରେ ପରିଚିତା; କିନ୍ତୁ ଆଧୁନିକ କାଳରେ ନଦୀଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପ୍ରଦୂଷରର ଶିକାର ହୋଇ ଆପଣାର ସେହି କଲ୍ୟାଣଦାୟିନୀ ବିଭବକୁ ହରାଇ ବସିଛନ୍ତି । ବଡ଼ ବଡ଼ ସହରରୁ ନିଷ୍କାସିତ ନର୍ଦ୍ଦମାଜଳ, କଳକାରଖାନାର ଆବର୍ଜନା ଓ ରାସାୟନିକ ପଦାର୍ଥମାନ ନଦୀଜଳକୁ ବିଷମୟ କରି ପକାଇଛି । ବଦ୍ଧିତ ଜନସଂଖ୍ୟା ନଦୀଜଳ ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣର ଅନ୍ୟତମ କାରଣ ରୂପେ ଠିଆ ହୋଇଛି । ନିର୍ବିଚାରରେ ଜନସାଧାରଣ ସମସ୍ତ ପ୍ରକାର ବର୍ଜ୍ୟବସ୍ତୁକୁ ନଦୀ ବକ୍ଷରେ ନିକ୍ଷିପ୍ତ କରି ତା’ର ନିର୍ମଳ ଜଳକୁ ନର୍ଦ୍ଦମାରେ ପରିଣତ କରିଛନ୍ତି ।

ନଦୀ ଭଳି ହୃଦଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମଧ୍ୟ ଉଦ୍ଧତ ମାନବର ଅବିଚାରିତ ଆଚରଣରୁ ମୁକ୍ତ ନୁହନ୍ତି । କାଶ୍ମୀରର ଡାଲ ହୃଦଠାରୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ କରି ଓଡ଼ିଶାର ଚିଲିକା ହ୍ରଦ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ କ୍ଷୁଦ୍ର ବୃହତ୍ ପ୍ରାୟ ସମସ୍ତ ଜଳାଶୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପ୍ରଦୂଷିତ ଅଟନ୍ତି । ଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱରର ବିନ୍ଦୁସାଗର ଓ ପୁରୀର ନରେନ୍ଦ୍ର ପୁଷ୍କରିଣୀର ଜଳ ପରମାର୍ଥୀ ହିନ୍ଦୁମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ପବିତ୍ର ବୋଲି ମନେ ହୋଇଥାଏ, କିନ୍ତୁ ଦୁଃଖର କଥା, ଏହି ଦୁଇଟି ପୁରାଣ ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ ଜଳାଶୟର ଜଳ ଏବେ ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଅନିର୍ମଳ ଓ ବ୍ୟବହାର ଅନୁପଯୋଗୀ ହୋଇ ପଡ଼ିଛି । ଅଧୂକ ଉଦ୍‌ବେଗର କଥା, ନଦୀ ଓ ହ୍ରଦର ଜଳ ସହିତ ସମୁଦ୍ରର ଜଳ ମଧ୍ୟ କ୍ରମେ ଦୂଷିତ ହେବାକୁ ଲାଗିଛି । ବୃହତ୍ ବୃହତ୍ ନଦୀମାନଙ୍କ ଦ୍ଵାରା କ୍ରମାଗତ ଭାବେ ନାନାଦି ରାସାୟନିକ ସାମଗ୍ରୀ ଓ ବର୍ଜ୍ୟ ବସ୍ତୁ ସମୁଦ୍ର ବକ୍ଷକୁ ପରିବାହିତ ହେଉଥିବାରୁ ସମୁଦ୍ରର ଜଳ ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣର ଶିକାର ହେଉଛି ।

ଜଳ ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣ ଭଳି ବାୟୁ ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣ ଜୀବଜଗତ ପ୍ରତି ଅଧୁକ ବିପଦ ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରିଛି । ଜନସଂଖ୍ୟା ବୃଦ୍ଧି, ଜଙ୍ଗଲ କ୍ଷୟ, ସହରୀ ସଭ୍ୟତାର ପ୍ରସାର, କଳକାରଖାନାର ସଂଖ୍ୟା ବୃଦ୍ଧି, ପେଟ୍ରୋଲ, ଡିଜେଲ ଓ କୋଇଲା ଇତ୍ୟାଦିର ଅତ୍ୟଧୁକ ବ୍ୟବହାର, ଅଧୁକ ସଂଖ୍ୟାରେ ଗାଡ଼ି ମଟର ଚଳାଚଳ ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ଫଳରେ ବାୟୁମଣ୍ଡଳ କ୍ରମେ ଅଧୁକରୁ ଅଧିକ ବିଷାକ୍ତ ହୋଇ ଉଠୁଛି । ବଡ଼ ବଡ଼ ସହରରେ ବିଶୁଦ୍ଧ ଅମ୍ଳଜାନ ଟିକିଏ ପାଇବା କଷ୍ଟକର ବ୍ୟାପାର ହୋଇ ପଡ଼ିଲାଣି । ଭାରତର ଦିଲ୍ଲୀ, କଲିକତା, ବମ୍ବ ସହିତ ପୃଥିବୀର ଟୋକିଓ, ବେଜିଙ୍ଗ, ମେକ୍ସିକୋ, ଲଣ୍ଡନ, ଲେଲିନଗ୍ରାଡ, ଇସ୍ତାନବଲ ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ନଗରଗୁଡ଼ିକର ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣର ମାତ୍ରା ଚରମ । ଧୂଆ, ଧୂଳି ଓ ବିଷାକ୍ତ ଅଙ୍ଗାରକାମ୍ଳ ବାଷ୍ପ ମନୁଷ୍ୟକୁ କ୍ରମେ ମୃତ୍ୟୁର ଗହ୍ମର ମଧ୍ୟକୁ ଠେଲି ନେଉଛି ।

ଜଳ ଓ ବାୟୁ ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣ ସହିତ ଅଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟରେ ଆମେମାନେ ଆଉ ଗୋଟିଏ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣାର ଶିକାର ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଛି । ତାହା ହେଉଛି ଶବ୍ଦ ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣ । ରେଳ, ମଟର ଓ ବିମାନ ଚଳାଚଳର ଅତ୍ୟୁଚ୍ଚ ଶବ୍ଦ, ଡାକବାଜି ଯନ୍ତ୍ରର ଚିତ୍କାର, କଳକାରଖାନାର କାର୍ଯ୍ୟରତ ମେସିନର ଘର୍ଷଣ, ବେତାର, ଦୂରଦର୍ଶନରେ ପ୍ରଚାରିତ ସଂଗୀତର ଲହର ଓ ସେଥ ସହିତ ରକେଟ ଉତ୍‌କ୍ଷେପଣର ଭୈରବ ନାଦ ଇଥରକୁ ପ୍ରକମ୍ପିତ କରୁଛି । ନୀରବ ଆକାଶକୁ ବିକ୍ଷୁଧ କରୁଛି । ଏହାଦ୍ୱାରା ମନୁଷ୍ୟର କେବଳ ଶାନ୍ତି ଭଗ୍ନ ହେଉ ନାହିଁ, ତା’ର ଦେହ ଓ ମନ ଉପରେ ପ୍ରଚଣ୍ଡ ପ୍ରଭାବ ପଡ଼ୁଛି ।

ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣ ଜନିତ କ୍ଷତି : ଆଧୁନିକ କାଳରେ ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣ ସମସ୍ୟାଟି ସତେ ଯେପରି ଏହି ଶାନ୍ତ, ସୁନ୍ଦର ଓ ନୀରବ ପ୍ରକୃତି ବିରୋଧରେ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟକ୍ଷ ସଂଗ୍ରାମ ଘୋଷଣ କରିଛି । ଜଙ୍ଗଲ କ୍ଷୟ ଫଳରେ ପ୍ରକୃତିର ସେହି ଶ୍ୟାମଳ ଶ୍ରୀସଂପଦ କ୍ରମେ ବିନଷ୍ଟ ହୋଇ ସେଠାରେ ଏକ ରୁକ୍ଷ ମରୁ ଅଜଗର ରସନା ବିସ୍ତାର କରି ରହିଛି । ବହୁ ଜାତିର ପଶୁପକ୍ଷୀ, ବୃକ୍ଷଲତା, ଭେଷଜ ବୃକ୍ଷ କ୍ରମେ କ୍ରମେ ପୃଥିବୀରୁ ଲୋପ ହୋଇ ଯାଉଛନ୍ତି । ଋତୁଚକ୍ରରେ ବିପର୍ଯ୍ୟୟ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୋଇ ଅତିବୃଷ୍ଟି, ଅନାବୃଷ୍ଟି, ଅକାଳ ବନ୍ୟା ବା ଭୟଙ୍କର ବାତ୍ୟା ଦେଖା ଯାଉଛି । ଜଳ ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣ ଫଳରେ ଝାଡ଼ାବାନ୍ତି, ହଇଜା, କାମଳ, ଟାଇଫଏଡ୍ ଭଳି ମାରାତ୍ମକ ରୋଗ ବ୍ୟାପିବା ସଙ୍ଗେ ସଙ୍ଗେ ଜଳଜନ୍ତୁଙ୍କର ସ୍ଥିତି ସଂକଟାପନ୍ନ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଛି । କଳକାରଖାନାରୁ ନିର୍ଗତ ରାସାୟନିକ ପଦାର୍ଥ ଏବଂ ପରିତ୍ୟକ୍ତ ପଲିଥିନ ବା ପ୍ଲାଷ୍ଟିକ୍ ସାମଗ୍ରୀ ମୃତ୍ତିକା ଭେଦ କରି ଭୂତଳ ସତ ଜଳରାଶିକୁ ମଧ୍ୟ ଦୂଷିତ କରିବାକୁ ଲାଗିଲାଣି । ଭବିଷ୍ୟତରେ ଯେ ଦିନେ ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ପାଇଁ ମୁନ୍ଦିଏ ବିଶୁଦ୍ଧ ପାନୀୟ ଜଳ ଦୁର୍ଲଭ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିବ, ଆଜିଠାରୁ ଏ ଆଶଙ୍କା ପ୍ରକାଶ ପାଇଲାଣି ।

ବାୟୁମଣ୍ଡଳରେ ଅଙ୍ଗାରକାମ୍ଳ ବାଷ ବୃଦ୍ଧି ଫଳରେ ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ଶ୍ଵାସରୋଗରେ ଆକ୍ରାନ୍ତ ହେଉଛି । କାର୍ବନ୍‌ ଡାଇଅକ୍ସାଇଡ, ମିଥୁନ, କ୍ଲୋରେଫ୍ଲୋରୋ କାର୍ବନ(ସି.ଏଫ.ସି) ପ୍ରଭୃତି ମାରାତ୍ମକ ଗ୍ୟାସ୍ ବାୟୁମଣ୍ଡଳରେ ଭର୍ତ୍ତି ହୋଇଗଲାଣି । ଏହା ଫଳରେ ପୃଥିବୀର ଚତୁର୍ଦ୍ଦିଗରେ ଘେରି ରହିଥିବା ରକ୍ଷାକାରୀ ଓଜୋନ୍ (Ozone) ସ୍ତରରେ ଛିଦ୍ର ହୋଇ ସେହି ଛିତ୍ର ବାଟେ ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟକିରଣର କ୍ଷତିକାରକ ଅତି ବାଇଗଣୀ ରଶ୍ମି ଭୂପୃଷ୍ଠରେ ପତିତ ହେଉଛି । ଏହାଦ୍ୱାରା ଲୋକେ ଚର୍ମରୋଗ ଓ କର୍କଟ ରୋଗରେ ପୀଡିତ ହେଉଛନ୍ତି । ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣ ଫଳରେ ବାୟୁମଣ୍ଡଳର ଉତ୍ତାପ ବୃଦ୍ଧିପାଉଛି । କେତେକ ସ୍ଥାନରେ ଅମ୍ଳ ବର୍ଷା ବା Acid Rain । ହୋଇ ଉଭିଦ ଜଗତର ପ୍ରଭୂତ କ୍ଷତି ସାଧନ କରୁଛି । ଏହି କ୍ରମରେ ବାୟୁମଣ୍ଡଳର ଉତ୍ତାପ ବୃଦ୍ଧି ପାଇଲେ ଭବିଷ୍ୟତରେ ମେରୁ ଅଞ୍ଚଳରୁ ବରଫ ତରଳିଯିବ ଓ ସମୁଦ୍ରର ଜଳପତ୍ତନ ବୃଦ୍ଧି ପାଇବ । ସେତେବେଳେ ପୃଥିବୀରେ ଏକ ଭୟଙ୍କର ଅବସ୍ଥା ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହେବ ବୋଲି ବୈଜ୍ଞାନିକମାନେ ସତର୍କ ବାଣୀ ଶୁଣାଇ ଦେଲେଣି ।

ଶବ୍ଦ ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣ ଆମମାନଙ୍କର ଅଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟରେ ମାନବ ସମାଜର ଯେ କି କ୍ଷତିସାଧନ କରୁଛି। ସେଥିପ୍ରତି କୃଚିତ ଲୋକ ସଚେତନ ଅଛନ୍ତି । ଉଚ୍ଚ ଶବ୍ଦ ଦ୍ଵାରା ମନୁଷ୍ୟର ଶ୍ରବଣେନ୍ଦ୍ରିୟ ନଷ୍ଟ ହେବା ସଙ୍ଗେ ସଙ୍ଗେ ରକ୍ତଚାପ, ପାକସ୍ଥଳୀର ଅସର, କର୍କଟ ରୋଗ ଓ ହୃଦରୋଗ ପ୍ରଭୃତି ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୋଇଥାଏ । ଅଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟରେ ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ଦେହ ଓ ମନ ଉପରେ ଏହା ପ୍ରଚଣ୍ଡ ପ୍ରଭାବ ପକାଇ ଥାଏ । ଏ ସବୁରୁ ଆମକୁ କିଭଳି ନିସ୍ତାର ମିଳିବ, ସେଥିପାଇଁ ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵର ସହିତ ଚିନ୍ତା କରିବାର ସମୟ ଆସିଛି ।

ପରିବେଶ ସୁରକ୍ଷା କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକ୍ରମ : ପରିବେଶ ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣ ଏକ ଉଦ୍‌ବେଗକର ସମସ୍ୟା ହୋଇଥିବାରୁ ପୃଥିବୀର ପ୍ରାୟତଃ ସମସ୍ତ ରାଷ୍ଟ୍ର ଏହାର ପ୍ରତିକାର ନିମନ୍ତେ ତତ୍ପର ହୋଇ ଉଠିଛନ୍ତି । ମିଳିତ ଜାତିସଂଘ ତରଫରୁ ଏଥିପାଇଁ ‘ପରିବେଶ ବିକାଶ ପରିଷଦ’ (UNCED)ନାମରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ସଂସ୍ଥା ଗଠନ କରାଯାଇଛି । ବୃକ୍ଷରୋପଣ ବା ବନୀକରଣ ହେଉଛି ପରିବେଶ ସୁରକ୍ଷାର ପ୍ରଧାନ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକ୍ରମ । ଭାରତରେ ବୃକ୍ଷରୋପଣ ବା ସବୁଜ ବଳୟ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ନିମନ୍ତେ ସ୍ଵଛାସେବୀ ଅନୁଷ୍ଠାନ ଓ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ବିଶେଷଙ୍କୁ ‘ପ୍ରକୃତିମିତ୍ର' ଓ 'ବୃକ୍ଷମିତ୍ର’ ପୁରସ୍କାର ପ୍ରଦାନ କରାଯାଉଛି । ନଦୀକୂଳରେ ଥିବା ପ୍ରଧାନ ପ୍ରଧାନ ସହରର ନର୍ଦ୍ଦମା ଜଳ ଓ କଳକାରଖାନାର ଦୂଷିତ, ମଇଳା ଆବର୍ଜନାକୁ ବିଶୋଧନ କରି ନଦୀକୁ ଛଡ଼ା ଯାଉଛି । ସିମେଣ୍ଟ କାରଖାନା ଓ ତାପଜ ବିଦ୍ୟୁତ୍ କେନ୍ଦ୍ରରୁ ନିର୍ଗତ ହେଉଥିବା ପାଉଁଶକୁ ଛଣାଯିବାର ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା କରାଯାଉଛି । ଉପକୂଳ ଅଞ୍ଚଳରେ କରାଯାଉଥିବା ଚିଙ୍ଗୁଡ଼ି ଚାଷ ଯୋଗେ ପରିବେଶ ପ୍ରଦୂଷିତ ହେଉଥିବାରୁ ସୁପ୍ରିମ କୋର୍ଟଙ୍କ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦେଶରେ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ ବନ୍ଦ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ଉଦ୍ୟମ କରାଯାଉଛି । କେନ୍ଦ୍ର ଓ ରାଜ୍ୟ ସ୍ତରରେ ପରିବେଶ ସୁରକ୍ଷା ନିମନ୍ତେ ସ୍ବତନ୍ତ୍ର ବିଭାଗ ଖୋଲାଯାଇ ଏ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକ୍ରମକୁ ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ କରାଯାଉଛି ।

ଉପସଂହାର : ପରିବେଶ ସୁରକ୍ଷା ପାଇଁ ଯେତେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକ୍ରମ କରାଯାଉଛି ଏବଂ ଏ ବାବଦରେ ଯେତେ ଅର୍ଥ ବ୍ୟୟ କରାଯାଉଛି, ତାହା ଆଶାନୁରୂପ ଫଳ ଦେଇପାରୁ ନାହିଁ । ଏ ଦିଗରେ ପ୍ରଧାନ ପ୍ରତିବନ୍ଧକ ହେଉଛି ରାଜନୀତି। ରାଜନୀତିକ କାରଣରୁ ବିଶେଷଜ୍ଞମାନଙ୍କର ମତକୁ ଉପେକ୍ଷା କରି ନୂତନ ନୂତନ ହୋଟେଲ, କୋଠାବାଡ଼ି, ରାସ୍ତାଘାଟ, ଶିଳ୍ପ ପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠାନମାନ ତିଆରି କରାଯାଉଛି। ପରିବେଶ ସୁରକ୍ଷା ପାଇଁ ବିକାଶାମ୍ବକ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକ୍ରମ ହାତକୁ ନିଆଗଲାବେଳେ ରାଜନୀତି ସହିତ ଦୁର୍ନୀତି ଓ ଅସାଧୁତା ମଧ୍ୟ ଏହି ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟକୁ ବ୍ୟାହତ କରୁଛି । ସୁତରାଂ ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣ ଭଳି ଏକ ଉତ୍କଟ ସମସ୍ୟା ପ୍ରତି ଜନସାଧାରଣ, ସରକାର ଓ ରାଜନୈତିକ ନେତୃବୃନ୍ଦ ସମସ୍ତେ ସତର୍କ ରହିବା ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ।

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Air Pollution Essay in Odia Pdf || Bayu Pradushana in Odia Essay

Air pollution essay in odia pdf, bayu pradushana in odia essay, our environment essay in odia, paribesh pradushan odia rachana. Paribesa surakhya odia essay, air pollution in odia pdf.

Air Pollution Essay in Odia Pdf

Role: Air is the basis of life of living beings. Atmosphere is a very important part of the environment. Air is very essential for human life. Human life cannot be imagined without air. In the last few years, a big problem of air pollution has arisen in front of the world. Air pollution is taking a terrible form day by day. For the last several years, the number of factories in every city has increased a lot, due to which the atmosphere has been affected a lot. In 2015, 11 lakh people died due to pollution. Clean environmental air is very important to stay healthy. When there is a change in the composition of the air, there is a danger to health.

Meaning of air pollution: Air pollution means that the air becomes polluted due to the unnecessarily mixing of some elements in the air. Air pollution occurs when any kind of harmful substances such as chemicals, microscopic substances or organic substances are found in the environment.

When the internal structure is affected due to dust, smoke, toxic, gas, chemical vapors, scientific experiments in the air, that is, when the air becomes harmful to man and his environment when there is an excess of foreign substances, then this condition is called air. called pollution.

Reason for Air Pollution: The reason for the increase in air pollution so much is the wide spread of industries, increase in the number of smokeless vehicles and over-exploitation of sources of energy for domestic uses. The fresh air of the environment is getting contaminated day by day due to the addition of various, organic molecules, and many types of harmful materials. 

The increasing population of the world has made more use of natural resources. Large cities are becoming barren due to industrialization. The smoke emitted from vehicles and factories contains trace amounts of sulfur-di-oxide, which first turns into sulfide and later into sulfuric acid and remains in the air in the form of droplets. Some chemical gases reach the atmosphere and react with the ozone layer there and reduce their quantity, due to which air pollution also increases. If carbon-di-oxide, carbon-mono-oxide, nitrogen, oxide, hydrocarbon continue to be found in the atmosphere in this way, then air pollution will reach its peak.

Bayu Pradushana in Odia Essay

The biggest causes of air pollution are textile factories, chemical factories, oil refineries, sugar factories, metallurgical and cardboard factories, fertilizer and pesticide factories. Carbon-di-oxide, nitrogen, carbon-monoxide, sulphur, lead, beryllium, zinc, cadmium, mercury and dust from these factories reach the atmosphere directly, due to which air pollution increases. One reason for air pollution is the increasing population and people moving to cities. Trees and forests are cut continuously for the provision of living space and housing for the people, due to which there is an increase in air pollution. When there is no proper cleaning of public and personal toilets, due to which the air pollution in a particular area increases greatly.

When the skin of animals is removed and their dead body is thrown in the open space and due to the decomposition of its body, the stench spreads in the air, which causes air pollution. Nuclear energy contaminates the atmosphere due to space travel, nuclear technology development, or explosion or action for research work.

Solution to air pollution: Very soon some steps will have to be taken to reduce air pollution. We have to keep the smoke of homes, factories, factories, and vehicles within their limits and reduce firecrackers' use. The garbage should be thrown at regular place instead of burning.

All laws have to be strictly followed to prevent air pollution. The number of private vehicles will have to be reduced. The proper facilities of the public transport system will have to be controlled. Pollution control certificate is mandatory and air laws will have to be followed.

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Compelling private institutions to protect the environment will have to be controlled. Vehicles powered by solar, hydro, gas and electric energy will have to be invented and produced in place of petrol, diesel. The use of lead-free petrol has to be controlled. The misuse of vehicles has to be controlled. Deforestation should be encouraged. 

Prevention Of Air Pollution Essay in Odia Pdf 

• Prevention of air pollution: The air can be saved from contamination by removing the contaminants from the air. We can also reduce air pollution by forest conservation and tree plantation. In place of firewood, other alternatives of energy should be explored. Waste should be disposed of properly.
• Government should encourage afforestation. Industrial institutions should be located away from residential places. 
• Masks or goggles should be used while driving the vehicle. The government should use policies that work from home. 
• The cycle should be used as much as possible so that there is no air pollution.
• Trees around their homes should be taken care of and protected. Electricity should not be used when it is not needed much. 
• The cooler or fan should be run where you need it, the fan or cooler of the other places should be turned off. Instead of burning dry leaves, they should be used as manure.
• The pollution of your vehicle must be checked every three months. Always use leaded petrol. The effect of pollution in the house is very less than outside, that is why when the pollution outside becomes more, then it should go inside the houses.

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Does long-term air pollution exposure lead to loss of independence in later life?

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In a recent study published in JAMA Network Open , researchers investigated the association between exposure to air pollutants over extended periods and the loss of independence among older adults.

Their findings indicate that as air pollutants linked to road traffic, particularly nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), rise in concentration in residential areas, older adults are more likely to experience a loss of independence.

This suggests that reducing pollution exposure could help prolong the ability of older adults to lead independent lives.

Functional decline among older populations, often resulting from chronic diseases and subclinical pathologies, leads to significant economic and emotional burdens as they lose their independence and require assistance for day-to-day living.

Previous research has established connections between air pollution and chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and respiratory diseases, which impair cognitive and physical functions. Despite these findings, we do not yet know how air pollution impacts the loss of independence.

About the study

This study addressed existing research gaps by investigating the associations between long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10-2.5 ), NO 2 , and ozone (O 3 ) and loss of independence using a nationally representative cohort study and advanced spatiotemporal models that incorporated the time and place of exposure to pollution.

The study utilized data from a nationally representative sample of individuals over 50 in the United States, part of the Health and Retirement Study, which was linked to environmental measures from the Environmental Predictors of Cognitive Health and Aging study.

Participants were recruited from 1992 onwards, with new cohorts added every six years and interviews conducted once every two years.

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The study included those respondents who had been interviewed at least twice from 1998 to 2016 and had not previously stated that they received help with daily living activities or lived in a nursing home.

Air pollution exposure, specifically PM 2.5 , PM 10-2.5 , NO 2 , and O 3 concentrations, was estimated at the addresses of the respondents using spatiotemporal models.

Researchers assessed the loss of independence as new reports of needing help with daily activities or shifting to a nursing home.

Regression models were used to analyze associations between 10-year mean pollutant levels and loss of independence, adjusting for factors like age, sex, race, socioeconomic status, and chronic diseases. Various sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate the findings.

The study analyzed data from 25,314 participants, aged 61 years on average, to assess the impact of long-term exposure to air pollution on the loss of independence. Nearly 40% of participants experienced a loss of independence over the ten years included in the study.

Researchers found that higher levels of PM 2.5 from road traffic and other sources, as well as NO 2 , were linked to an increased risk of losing independence.

Specifically, a 10-year average increase in PM 2.5 linked to road traffic raised the risk by 10%, while NO 2 increased the risk by 5%. Conversely, higher O 3 levels were correlated with a 6% lower risk of losing independence.

The study highlighted that the primary factor driving these associations was the need for assistance with basic daily activities like bathing and dressing.

These results suggest that reducing air pollution from road traffic could potentially prevent nearly 730,000 new cases of loss of independence annually in the US, saving an estimated $11.7 billion per year in care costs.

Conclusions

This study highlights significant public health implications, revealing that long-term exposure to air pollution, especially from traffic, increases the risk of losing independence among older adults.

The results align with prior research on air pollution and physical or cognitive decline but offer novel insights by focusing on the need of older adults for personal care due to loss of function. The robust associations with traffic-related pollutants emphasize the need for policy measures targeting vehicle emissions.

Conversely, the unexpected finding that lower O 3 levels were associated with higher risks of losing independence calls for further investigation.

Strengths of this study include its large, nationally representative sample and the detailed estimation of air pollutant levels at participants' residences. The use of various pollutants and emission sources provides comprehensive insights.

However, limitations exist, such as potential outcome misclassification due to socioeconomic factors influencing the use of care and the limited temporal resolution of pollution estimates.

Future research should focus on the mechanisms linking air pollution to loss of independence, the role of socioeconomic factors, and the unexpected effects of O 3 .

Addressing these areas could better inform interventions to reduce pollution-related health risks and support older adults' independence.

Zhang, B., de Leon, C.F.M., Langa, K.M., Weuve, J., Szpiro, A., Faul, J., D’Souza, J., Kaufman, J.D., Hirth, R.A., Lisabeth, L.D., Gao, J., Adar, S.D. (2024) Source-Specific Air Pollution and Loss of Independence in Older Adults Across the US. JAMA Network Open . doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.18460 . https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2820559?utm_source=For_The_Media

Posted in: Medical Science News | Medical Research News | Medical Condition News

Tags: Aging , Air Pollution , Chronic , Diabetes , Nursing , Ozone , Pollution , Public Health , Research , Respiratory

Priyanjana Pramanik

Priyanjana Pramanik is a writer based in Kolkata, India, with an academic background in Wildlife Biology and economics. She has experience in teaching, science writing, and mangrove ecology. Priyanjana holds Masters in Wildlife Biology and Conservation (National Centre of Biological Sciences, 2022) and Economics (Tufts University, 2018). In between master's degrees, she was a researcher in the field of public health policy, focusing on improving maternal and child health outcomes in South Asia. She is passionate about science communication and enabling biodiversity to thrive alongside people. The fieldwork for her second master's was in the mangrove forests of Eastern India, where she studied the complex relationships between humans, mangrove fauna, and seedling growth.

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Air pollution.

Air pollution consists of chemicals or particles in the air that can harm the health of humans, animals, and plants. It also damages buildings.

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Air pollution consists of chemicals or particles in the air that can harm the health of humans, animals, and plants. It also damages buildings. Pollutants in the air take many forms. They can be gases , solid particles, or liquid droplets. Sources of Air Pollution Pollution enters the Earth's atmosphere in many different ways. Most air pollution is created by people, taking the form of emissions from factories, cars, planes, or aerosol cans . Second-hand cigarette smoke is also considered air pollution. These man-made sources of pollution are called anthropogenic sources . Some types of air pollution, such as smoke from wildfires or ash from volcanoes , occur naturally. These are called natural sources . Air pollution is most common in large cities where emissions from many different sources are concentrated . Sometimes, mountains or tall buildings prevent air pollution from spreading out. This air pollution often appears as a cloud making the air murky. It is called smog . The word "smog" comes from combining the words "smoke" and " fog ." Large cities in poor and developing nations tend to have more air pollution than cities in developed nations. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) , some of the worlds most polluted cities are Karachi, Pakistan; New Delhi, India; Beijing, China; Lima, Peru; and Cairo, Egypt. However, many developed nations also have air pollution problems. Los Angeles, California, is nicknamed Smog City. Indoor Air Pollution Air pollution is usually thought of as smoke from large factories or exhaust from vehicles. But there are many types of indoor air pollution as well. Heating a house by burning substances such as kerosene , wood, and coal can contaminate the air inside the house. Ash and smoke make breathing difficult, and they can stick to walls, food, and clothing. Naturally-occurring radon gas, a cancer -causing material, can also build up in homes. Radon is released through the surface of the Earth. Inexpensive systems installed by professionals can reduce radon levels. Some construction materials, including insulation , are also dangerous to people's health. In addition, ventilation , or air movement, in homes and rooms can lead to the spread of toxic mold . A single colony of mold may exist in a damp, cool place in a house, such as between walls. The mold's spores enter the air and spread throughout the house. People can become sick from breathing in the spores. Effects On Humans People experience a wide range of health effects from being exposed to air pollution. Effects can be broken down into short-term effects and long-term effects . Short-term effects, which are temporary , include illnesses such as pneumonia or bronchitis . They also include discomfort such as irritation to the nose, throat, eyes, or skin. Air pollution can also cause headaches, dizziness, and nausea . Bad smells made by factories, garbage , or sewer systems are considered air pollution, too. These odors are less serious but still unpleasant . Long-term effects of air pollution can last for years or for an entire lifetime. They can even lead to a person's death. Long-term health effects from air pollution include heart disease , lung cancer, and respiratory diseases such as emphysema . Air pollution can also cause long-term damage to people's nerves , brain, kidneys , liver , and other organs. Some scientists suspect air pollutants cause birth defects . Nearly 2.5 million people die worldwide each year from the effects of outdoor or indoor air pollution. People react differently to different types of air pollution. Young children and older adults, whose immune systems tend to be weaker, are often more sensitive to pollution. Conditions such as asthma , heart disease, and lung disease can be made worse by exposure to air pollution. The length of exposure and amount and type of pollutants are also factors. Effects On The Environment Like people, animals, and plants, entire ecosystems can suffer effects from air pollution. Haze , like smog, is a visible type of air pollution that obscures shapes and colors. Hazy air pollution can even muffle sounds. Air pollution particles eventually fall back to Earth. Air pollution can directly contaminate the surface of bodies of water and soil . This can kill crops or reduce their yield . It can kill young trees and other plants. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide particles in the air, can create acid rain when they mix with water and oxygen in the atmosphere. These air pollutants come mostly from coal-fired power plants and motor vehicles . When acid rain falls to Earth, it damages plants by changing soil composition ; degrades water quality in rivers, lakes and streams; damages crops; and can cause buildings and monuments to decay . Like humans, animals can suffer health effects from exposure to air pollution. Birth defects, diseases, and lower reproductive rates have all been attributed to air pollution. Global Warming Global warming is an environmental phenomenon caused by natural and anthropogenic air pollution. It refers to rising air and ocean temperatures around the world. This temperature rise is at least partially caused by an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases trap heat energy in the Earths atmosphere. (Usually, more of Earths heat escapes into space.) Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that has had the biggest effect on global warming. Carbon dioxide is emitted into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels (coal, gasoline , and natural gas ). Humans have come to rely on fossil fuels to power cars and planes, heat homes, and run factories. Doing these things pollutes the air with carbon dioxide. Other greenhouse gases emitted by natural and artificial sources also include methane , nitrous oxide , and fluorinated gases. Methane is a major emission from coal plants and agricultural processes. Nitrous oxide is a common emission from industrial factories, agriculture, and the burning of fossil fuels in cars. Fluorinated gases, such as hydrofluorocarbons , are emitted by industry. Fluorinated gases are often used instead of gases such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). CFCs have been outlawed in many places because they deplete the ozone layer . Worldwide, many countries have taken steps to reduce or limit greenhouse gas emissions to combat global warming. The Kyoto Protocol , first adopted in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997, is an agreement between 183 countries that they will work to reduce their carbon dioxide emissions. The United States has not signed that treaty . Regulation In addition to the international Kyoto Protocol, most developed nations have adopted laws to regulate emissions and reduce air pollution. In the United States, debate is under way about a system called cap and trade to limit emissions. This system would cap, or place a limit, on the amount of pollution a company is allowed. Companies that exceeded their cap would have to pay. Companies that polluted less than their cap could trade or sell their remaining pollution allowance to other companies. Cap and trade would essentially pay companies to limit pollution. In 2006 the World Health Organization issued new Air Quality Guidelines. The WHOs guidelines are tougher than most individual countries existing guidelines. The WHO guidelines aim to reduce air pollution-related deaths by 15 percent a year. Reduction Anybody can take steps to reduce air pollution. Millions of people every day make simple changes in their lives to do this. Taking public transportation instead of driving a car, or riding a bike instead of traveling in carbon dioxide-emitting vehicles are a couple of ways to reduce air pollution. Avoiding aerosol cans, recycling yard trimmings instead of burning them, and not smoking cigarettes are others.

Downwinders The United States conducted tests of nuclear weapons at the Nevada Test Site in southern Nevada in the 1950s. These tests sent invisible radioactive particles into the atmosphere. These air pollution particles traveled with wind currents, eventually falling to Earth, sometimes hundreds of miles away in states including Idaho, Utah, Arizona, and Washington. These areas were considered to be "downwind" from the Nevada Test Site. Decades later, people living in those downwind areascalled "downwinders"began developing cancer at above-normal rates. In 1990, the U.S. government passed the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act. This law entitles some downwinders to payments of $50,000.

Greenhouse Gases There are five major greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere.

• water vapor
• carbon dioxide
• nitrous oxide

London Smog What has come to be known as the London Smog of 1952, or the Great Smog of 1952, was a four-day incident that sickened 100,000 people and caused as many as 12,000 deaths. Very cold weather in December 1952 led residents of London, England, to burn more coal to keep warm. Smoke and other pollutants became trapped by a thick fog that settled over the city. The polluted fog became so thick that people could only see a few meters in front of them.

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Polluted air threatens the health of New Mexico infants

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“The stakes are incredibly high.”

Another significant concentration of industrial polluters was found near Carlsbad, the study said, and researchers also included pollution data from more than 50 sites in West Texas, just across the state line. Texas and New Mexico are the first- and second-largest oil producers in the nation. For years, environmental justice activists have been  calling attention  to the air quality impacts and respiratory consequences of the Permian’s oil boom.  

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Three states challenged the administration’s “good neighbor” plan, meant to protect downwind states from harmful emissions.

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The Supreme Court temporarily put on hold on Thursday an Environmental Protection Agency plan to curtail air pollution that drifts across state lines, dealing another blow to the Biden administration’s efforts to protect the environment.

The ruling followed recent decisions chipping away at the agency’s authority to address climate change and water pollution .

Under the proposal, known as the “good neighbor” plan, factories and power plants in Western and Midwestern states must cut ozone pollution that drifts into Eastern ones. The emissions cause smog and are linked to asthma, lung disease and premature death.

The ruling was provisional, but even the temporary loss for the administration will suspend the plan for many months and maybe longer.

The vote was 5 to 4. Writing for the majority, Justice Neil M. Gorsuch said the court’s ruling was modest, pausing the administration’s plan in light of developments in lower courts. He said the Supreme Court’s stay would remain in place while a federal appeals court in Washington considered the matter and, after that, until the Supreme Court acts on any appeal.

Justice Amy Coney Barrett, joined by the court’s three liberal members, issued a spirited dissent predicting that the majority had created a “yearslong exercise in futility.”

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