cover letter types and examples

In an increasingly digitized world, where customer-centric strategies are vital for business success, I am thrilled to apply for the [Job Title] position at HubSpot."

Unhelpful Cover Letter Introduction:

"To Whom it May Concern,

I am applying for the [Job Title] position at HubSpot. I have some experience in marketing and can help your clients grow their businesses."

Relevant Professional Experience

It can be tempting to use the same cover letter for every job. After all, it‘s about your experience, isn’t it? But it's not enough to rephrase the work history in your resume.

Recruiters and hiring managers are looking to fill a specific role, so you need to show how your experience translates to their unique needs.

So, the body of a great cover letter should showcase the specific professional experiences that are relevant to the job you're applying for. Emphasize your accomplishments and skills that directly relate to what the job needs.

To speed up this part of the cover letter writing process, start by creating a list of your transferable skills . Drafting this list can help you quickly focus on the skills to highlight in your cover letter.

Then, use AI tools to summarize job descriptions and narrow in on where your experience and the needs of the role you're applying for overlap. This post is full of useful AI assistant tools if you're new to AI.

Helpful Cover Letter Experience:

“At [Company Name], I had the opportunity to assist a global ecommerce retailer in enhancing their online customer experience. By conducting in-depth market research and customer journey mapping, I identified pain points and areas of improvement in their website navigation and user interface.”

Unhelpful Cover Letter Experience:

“I also worked with an ecommerce retailer to improve the customer experience. We did some surveys and training, and they were happy with the results.”

Useful Examples

To make your cover letter stand out, add specific examples that show how you've solved problems or gotten results in past roles.

Quantify your accomplishments whenever possible, using data to give the reader a clear understanding of your impact.

Helpful Cover Letter Example:

“I lead a team of five content writers while increasing website traffic by 18% year-over-year.”

Unhelpful Cover Letter Example:

“I have a great track record of leadership and achieving fantastic results.”

Research and Company Knowledge

Hiring teams aren‘t hiring anyone with the skills to do the job. They’re hiring a person they'll work alongside at their specific company.

So, to show that you‘re not just looking for any job anywhere, share your knowledge of the company’s industry, values, and culture in your cover letter.

Spend some time on the company website and take notes on what makes this business interesting to you and why you would want to work there.

Then, explain how your skills align with the company's mission and goals and explain how you could add to their chances of success. This will showcase your interest in the company and help them see if you are a good cultural fit.

Helpful Cover Letter Research:

“I was particularly drawn to HubSpot not only for its industry-leading solutions but also for its exceptional company culture. HubSpot's commitment to employee development and fostering a collaborative environment is evident in its recognition as a top workplace consistently. I strongly believe that my passion for continuous learning, self-motivation, and dedication to contributing to a team will make me a valuable asset to HubSpot.”

Unhelpful Cover Letter Research:

“I have been inspired by HubSpot's commitment to inbound marketing and its comprehensive suite of solutions. HubSpot's dedication to providing valuable content and fostering meaningful relationships aligns with my own values and aspirations.”

Clear Writing

Your cover letter needs to pack in a lot of important information. But it's also important that your cover letter is clear and concise.

To accomplish this, use professional but easy-to-understand language. Be sure to remove any grammar or spelling errors and avoid lengthy paragraphs and avoid jargon or overly technical language.

You may also want to use bullet points to make your letter easier to skim. Then, proofread your cover letter for clarity or ask a friend to proofread it for you.

• Guide to Becoming a Better Writer
• Tips for Simplifying Your Writing

Helpful Cover Letter Writing:

"In addition to my academic accomplishments, I gained valuable practical experience through internships at respected law firms.

Working alongside experienced attorneys, I assisted in providing legal support to clients. This hands-on experience helped me develop a deep understanding of client needs and enhanced my ability to effectively communicate complex legal concepts in a straightforward manner."

Unhelpful Cover Letter Writing:

"Furthermore, as a complement to my academic accomplishments, I have garnered invaluable practical experience through internships at esteemed law firms.

Throughout these placements, I actively collaborated with seasoned attorneys to conduct due diligence and furnish clients with comprehensive legal support. Notably, these experiences fostered a profound comprehension of client necessities, whilst honing my legal acumen to articulately convey intricate legal principles within a lucid and concise framework, adhering to applicable precedents and statutes of limitations."

Genuine Interest and Enthusiasm

Find ways to convey your passion for the role and how excited you are to contribute to the company you're applying to. At the same time, make sure your interest feels authentic and outline how it aligns with your career goals.

Your ultimate goal is an enthusiastic letter that feels honest and leaves a lasting positive impression.

Showing excitement in writing doesn't come naturally for everyone. A few tips that can help you boost the genuine enthusiasm in your letter:

• Record audio of yourself speaking about the role, then use voice-to-text technology to transcribe and add these sections to your letter.
• Choose your words carefully .
• Write in active voice.

Helpful Cover Letter Tone:

“I am genuinely enthusiastic about the prospect of joining [Company/Organization Name] as an accountant. My combination of technical proficiency, eagerness to learn, and strong attention to detail make me an ideal candidate for this role. I am confident that my dedication, reliability, and passion for accounting will contribute to the continued success of your organization.”

Unhelpful Cover Letter Tone:

“Honestly, I can hardly contain my excitement when it comes to reconciliations, financial statement analysis, and tax regulations! Engaging in spirited discussions with professors and classmates has allowed me to foster an unbreakable bond with the fascinating world of accounting, and I'm positively bursting with enthusiasm at the prospect of applying my skills in a professional setting.”

Memorable Conclusion

End your cover letter on a strong note. Summarize your top qualifications, restate your interest in the position, and express your interest in future communication.

Then, thank your reader for their time and consideration and include your contact information for easy follow-up.

To make your conclusion memorable, think about what parts of your letter you‘d most like the hiring manager to keep top of mind. Then, consider your word choice and phrasing. If you’re feeling stuck, this list of ways to close an email can help.

Helpful Cover Letter Conclusion:

"Thank you for considering my application. I am excited about the opportunity to further discuss how my qualifications align with the needs of Greenpeace. Please feel free to contact me at your convenience to arrange an interview.

Together, let's make a lasting impact on our planet.

[Your Name]"

Unhelpful Cover Letter Conclusion:

"Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the possibility of discussing my qualifications further and how I can contribute to Greenpeace's mission. Please feel free to contact me at your convenience to arrange an interview.

I’d like to add another stage to the job search: experimentation.

In today’s competitive landscape, it’s so easy to feel defeated, less-than-good-enough, or like giving up your job search.

But don’t let the process become so monotonous. Have fun discovering the qualitative data I’ve discussed here — then, have even more by getting creative with your cover letter composition.

I certainly can’t guarantee that every prospective employer will respond positively — or at all — to even the most unique, compelling cover letter. But the one that’s right for you will.

So, get inspired by these examples and templates. Write an incredible cover letter that shows the hiring team at your dream job exactly who you are.

Editor's note: This post was originally published in October 2020 and has been updated for comprehensiveness. This article was written by a human, but our team uses AI in our editorial process. Check out our full disclosure to learn more about how we use AI.

Don't forget to share this post!

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The Ultimate Guide to Writing a Cover Letter

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Types of Cover Letters With Samples

Which Type of Cover Letter to Use

Types of cover letters, examples for job applications, inquiring about openings.

When you are job hunting, it's important to choose an appropriate cover letter so you can make the best impression. There are different types of cover letters you can use depending on the circumstances. These are the most common types: job application letters, cold contact cover letters, email cover letters, referral cover letters, letters of interest, networking, and value proposition letters.

The cover letter you use will be determined by whether you are applying directly for a job, mentioning a referral, inquiring about unadvertised openings, or simply seeking job search assistance from individuals in your professional network.

Your cover letter should be designed specifically for the reason you're writing. If it is a cover letter attached to a resume in a job application, it should be customized for each position you seek.

Be sure to choose a type of cover letter that reflects how you are applying for the job or the type of job search help you are requesting.

Hiring managers can recognize when an applicant’s cover letter is a generic one that they have used to apply for multiple positions. Such cover letters, which show a lack of care or interest in a company, could result in your resume being passed by without a glance.

Here are some of the different types of cover letters job seekers use to apply for employment:  

• Job Application Letter:  An application letter is written to apply for a specific job opening. This is a traditional cover letter that is sent with a resume to apply for a job.
• Referral Cover Letter:  A referral cover letter mentions the name of a person who has referred you to a job. This can be a great way to gain an employer’s interest, particularly if the individual providing the referral is known to the company you are interested in working for.
• Cold Contact Cover Letter: A cold contact cover letter is sent to a company that hasn't advertised openings. It's basically a sales pitch for what you have to offer a company.
• Email Cover Letter: An email cover letter is written to accompany a resume that's emailed to apply for a job.
• Letter of Interest:  A letter of interest , also known as a prospecting letter, inquires about possible job openings at a particular company.
• Networking Letter:  Networking letters request job search advice and assistance. These can be addressed to colleagues, to individuals you have met at professional conferences or other industry events, or to people to whom you connected through professional social networking sites like LinkedIn.
• Value Proposition Letter:  A value proposition is a brief statement explaining what makes the candidate unique.

As mentioned above, your cover letters should be targeted to the potential jobs you are interested in. This means that, before writing an application letter, a referral cover letter, a letter of interest, or a value proposition letter, you need to do your homework and research the company you are sending your letter to.

You can then demonstrate in your letter how your skillset and work experience would strongly contribute to the organization should they hire you.

When creating a letter of application for a job, be sure to include details about how your professional experience relates to the qualifications and requirements listed in the job posting.

Taking the time to match your cover letter to the job posting can help you get selected for an interview.

This makes it easy for the hiring manager to determine that you're a good candidate. You should also try to echo as many of the keywords listed in the job description as possible, both in your cover letter and your resume.

Some employers use automated parsing systems programmed with these keywords to glean through a wave of job applications; cover letters and resumes that incorporate these keywords are more likely to “make the cut” and earn review by a human eye than those that do not.

Here are examples for different situations:

• Cover Letter : Use this example and template as a starting point for your own cover letter.
• Job Application Letter : Includes sample for a paper application (or email attachment) and a cover letter that is sent as the body of an email.
• Cover Letter for a Career Change: Learn how to highlight skills from your previous career that will transfer to your new one.
• Applying for More Than One Job : Includes tips and a sample letter for when you're applying for multiple positions at the same company.
• Cover Letter for a Job Promotion : Use this to help you apply for an internal position with your current employer.
• Cover Letter for a Part-Time Job : Tips on how to write a cover letter for a part-time job even if one is not required.

Your dream company may not advertise a job opening, and there is a chance that they're always seeking talented individuals. Take the initiative and send a letter with your resume to let them know that you're available and interested in working for them.

• ​ Prospecting Letter : Get noticed with these tips and sample letter.
• Value Proposition Cover Letter : Learn how to add a value proposition statement to your cover letter—a statement that shows your specific value to the company and why you should be hired.
• Cold Contact Cover Letter : Includes tips and a sample for writing about unadvertised jobs.
• Sell Your Skills and Experience : These tips and sample will help when you know there is a job opening that isn't advertised or if you don't know if the company is hiring but are interested in working for them.

CareerOneStop. " How Do I Write a Cover Letter ?" Accessed Dec. 8, 2020.

Cover letters: guidelines and samples

Why is it called a "cover letter".

Why is a job search letter called a "cover letter?" Because in the era of hard copy resumes and letters, the letter would be on top of, and therefore cover, the resume. A cover letter introduces a resume and explains why you are sending the resume.

Writing guidelines

• These writing guidelines apply to both email content and letters written as a document. There are just some formatting differences. You can also see  email guidelines .

Do I have to include a cover letter with my resume?

If you're sending your resume via email, yes. If you are speaking to an employer at a career fair (or other event), no. If you are submitting your resume online (sometimes to an employer's Applicant Tracking System, called ATS; a thing that's good to know about), do what the employer instructs! If there are no instruction, a cover letter can help. A cover letter is personalized and individualized to the employer. (Your resume is not.)

In person, you have a conversation, so you're talking to the employer about why you're interested in their job, and offering your resume. A letter doesn't apply to that situation. You can and likely should send a follow up email afterward to emphasize your interest and thank the employer for their time in talking with you.

When emailing your resume, your email usually serves as a cover letter; it explains why you're sending your resume. (In certain cases, if the employer requests this, or you are in a very formal and/or traditional industry, you might attach a cover letter document to your email.) 

What a well-written cover letter (usually email) does:

• Explains why you are sending your resume;
• Shows that you can communicate in a professional way;
• Places emphasis on why you are interested in that specific employer. (Your resume is about you, not the employers you are pursuing.)
• Shows good manners and appropriate business etiquette;
• Is a different communication tool than a resume. Enables you to express yourself in complete sentences, tell things about yourself that the resume might not, and show your personality as appropriate to the job search.
• Should never read like a form letter that could be sent to anyone.

What if I'm sending my resume to someone who knows me and is going to pass it on to someone else?

• Include a brief email cover letter thanking your contact person for her/his/their kindness and assistance in passing your resume along, and include your goal (job, internship, co-op, etc.) and career interest. Your friend might forward your email to another contact who can then see your writing style, focus, and professionalism.

Email or Word docx / hard copy?

In most situations, email is the medium for professional communication in the job search.

Sometimes, in very formal and/or traditional fields, letters are written as documents with certain formatting. That document could then be sent as an attachment to an email (with a clear, concise description of what is attached and why). It's now very rare to actually physically mail hard copy when applying for jobs.

• In email, your signature block (address, etc.) goes below your name, after your email content. In document format, your address, etc. goes at the top of the page. 
• Email requires a subject line logical to the recipient. Email subject lines can make or break whether your email is opened and read.
• A letter in document format can have a subject line after recipient's address block and before "Dear Ms./Mr./Dr...".
• Doesn't exist on email.
• Not needed on a document attached to email (you're not printing it). In the rare case you print hard copy, you could sign above your printed name.

All cover letters should:

• Do you want a summer internship, a co-op, a field-study?
• A post-graduation job?
• Are you inquiring about future employment possibilities?
• The word "opportunity" is vague; opportunity to do what?
• Tell specifically how you learned about the position or the organization  — an email from your advisor, the employer's website, a friend who works at the organization. It is appropriate to mention the name of someone who suggested that you write.
• Convince the reader to look at your resume. The cover letter will be seen first. Therefore, it must be very well written and targeted to that employer.
• Call attention to elements of your background  — education, leadership, experience — that are relevant to a position you are seeking. Be as specific as possible, using examples.
• Reflect your attitude , personality, motivation, enthusiasm, and communication skills.
• Provide or refer to any information specifically requested  in a job advertisement that might not be covered in your resume, such as availability date, or reference to an attached writing sample.
• In a letter of application — applying for an advertised opening — applicants often say something like "I look forward to hearing from you." However, you can take initiative to follow up, saying something like, "I will contact you in the next two weeks to see if you require any additional information regarding my qualifications."
• In a letter of inquiry — asking about the possibility of an opening — don't assume the employer will contact you. Say something like, "I will contact you in two weeks to learn more about upcoming employment opportunities with (name of organization)." Then mark your calendar to make that contact.

Format guidelines

In email format: your contact info / signature block goes below your name at the END. In document format: sender address and contact info at the top; then the date; then your contact info / address block, which can be left-justified, or centered.)

(if document format) Month, Day, Year

(if document format, the following about the recipient:) Mr./Ms./Dr. FirstName LastName That person's job title Name of organization (Street or P.O. address if you are actually mailing hard copy; not common.) Town/city, state (zip code if mailing hard copy; not common)

Dear Mr./Ms./Dr. LastName:

Opening paragraph: State why you are writing; how you learned of the organization or position, and basic information about yourself.

2nd paragraph: Tell why you are interested in the employer or type of work the employer does. Simply stating that you are interested does not tell why, and can sound like a form letter. Demonstrate that you know enough about the employer or position to relate your background to the employer or position. Mention specific qualifications which make you a good fit for the employer’s needs. Focus on what you can do for the employer, not what the employer can do for you. This is an opportunity to explain in more detail relevant items in your resume. Refer to the fact that your resume is attached. Mention other attachments if required to apply for a position.

3rd paragraph: Indicate that you would like the opportunity to interview for a position or to talk with the employer to learn more about their opportunities or hiring plans. State what you will do to follow up, such as call or email the employer within two weeks. If you will be in the employer’s location and could offer to schedule a visit, indicate when. State that you would be glad to provide the employer with any additional information needed. Thank the person for her/his/their consideration.

4th paragraph optional if best to split some of content above.

Sincerely, Your first and last name Address as town/city, state (optional zip code) (You are not required to give your street address; lean toward protecting your privacy, especially when you do not know how your email might be forwarded / shared.) Phone number Email address

Letter of application / letter of inquiry

Generally letters fall into two categories, but the bottom line is to write what makes sense based on the information you have.

• Letter of application: applying for a specific, advertised opening. See sample letters below.
• Letter of inquiry: expressing interest in an organization, but you are not certain if there are current openings. See sample letters below.

The purpose of the samples is not to give you something to copy, but to show examples; the content of your letters will be unique to you depending on your situation and the people to whom you write.

Sample 3.1 — Letter of application, document format

Blacksburg, Virginia    |   540-555-0000   |   (emailaddress)@vt.edu

February 2, 20XY

Dr. Michelle Rhodes Principal, Wolftrap Elementary School 1205 Beulah Road Vienna, VA 22182

Dear Dr. Rhodes:

Thank you for speaking with me on February 18, after the Family and Child Development seminar at Virginia Tech. I appreciated your perspective on balancing the needs of children and the community during difficult economic times. This letter is to express my interest in upper elementary grade teaching positions discussed at the seminar. I will complete my M.Ed. in Curriculum and Instruction at Virginia Tech in May 20XY, and will be available for employment as soon as needed for the 20XY-XZ school year.

My teacher preparation program at Virginia Tech has included a full academic year of student teaching. Last semester I taught fourth grade and this semester am teaching fifth grade. These valuable experiences have afforded me the opportunity to:

• Develop lesson plans on a wide range of topics and varying levels of academic ability;
• Work with emotionally and physically challenged students in a total inclusion program;
• Observe and participate in effective classroom management approaches;
• Assist with parent-teacher conferences;
• Complete in-service sessions on diversity, math and reading skills, and community relations.

My experience includes teaching in a private day care facility, and in Virginia Tech’s Child Development Laboratory. Both these facilities are NAEYC-accredited and adhere to the highest standards. At both locations, I led small- and large-group developmentally appropriate activities for elementary-aged children, and practiced strict safety protocols.

I am enthusiastic about putting my knowledge and experience into practice in a full-time teaching position. In a month, in early March, I will be in Vienna, and I would very much like to visit the school while in session and shadow teachers. I will stay in touch with you to make arrangement for this. Thank you very much for sharing your knowledge and contributing to the professional development of those of us entering the teaching profession.

Sincerely, Averill Harrington

Sample 3.2 — Letter of application, email format

Subject line:  (logical to recipient!)  Application for sales representative for mid-Atlantic area

April 14, 20XY

Mr. William Jackson Employment Manager Biochem Corporation 13764 Jefferson Parkway Roanoke, VA 24019 [email protected]

Dear Mr. Jackson:

From the Biochem Corp website I learned about your need for a sales representative for the Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina areas. I am very interested in this position, and believe that my education and employment background are very well matched for the position.

You indicate that a requirement for the position is a track record of success in meeting sales goals. I have done this. After completion of my B.S. in biology, and prior to beginning my master’s degree in marketing, I worked for two years as a sales representative with a regional whole foods company.  My efforts yielded success in new business development, and my sales volume consistently met or exceeded company goals. I would like to repeat that success in the biochemical industry, using my academic background in science and business. I will complete my M.S. in marketing in mid-May and will be available to begin employment in early June.

Attached is my resume, which more fully details my qualifications for the position.

I look forward to talking with you regarding sales opportunities with Biochem Corp. Within the next two weeks I will contact you to confirm that you received my email and resume and to answer any questions you may have.

Thank you very kindly for your consideration.

Sincerely, Harper A. Johnson Blacksburg, Virginia 540-555-8888 [email protected]

Sample 3.3 — Letter of application, email format

Subject line:  (logical to recipient!)  Application for marketing research position #031210-528

March 14, 20XY

Ms. Charlene Prince Director of Personnel Large National Finance Corporation Roanoke, VA 24040 [email protected]

Dear Ms. Prince:

Thank you for speaking with me yesterday. As I indicated, I would like to apply for the marketing research position (#031210-528) advertised on Indeed. With my undergraduate research background, my training in psychology and sociology, and my work experience, I believe I could make a valuable contribution to Large National Finance Corporation in this position.

In May I will complete my B.S. in Psychology with a minor in Sociology, at Virginia Tech. As part of the requirements for this degree, I am involved in a senior marketing research project that has given me experience interviewing and surveying research subjects and assisting with data analysis. I also have completed a course in statistics and research methods.

My experience also includes working part-time as a bookkeeper in a small, successful, independent bookstore with an annual budget of approximately $150,000.  Because of the small size of this business, I have been exposed to and participated in most aspects of managing a business, including advertising and marketing.  As the bookkeeper, I produced monthly sales reports that allow the owner/buyer to project seasonal inventory needs. I also assisted with the development of ideas for special promotional events and calculated book sales proceeds after each event in order to evaluate its success.

I believe my combination of business experience and social science research training is an excellent match for the marketing research position at Large National. My resume is attached. Thank you very much for your consideration, and I look forward to receiving your reply.

Sincerely, Alexi Lawrence Blacksburg, VA 24060 540-555-1234 [email protected]

Sample 3.4 — Letter of application, email format

Subject: Application for building construction position after graduation

Ms. Riley Wilson Personnel Director Anderson Construction Company Rockville, MD

Dear Ms. Wilson:

I am following up after speaking with you at the construction industry career fair at Virginia Tech last week. Thank you for your time in sharing so much helpful information with me. Next May I will complete my bachelor's degree in building construction, and believe that my education, experience, and values make me an excellent candidate to join your team.

Each summer for the last five years I have worked at various levels in the construction industry. As indicated on my attached resume, I have worked as a general laborer, a skilled carpenter, and last summer served as assistant construction manager on a two-million dollar residential construction project.

The Anderson Construction projects are familiar to me, and my aspiration is to work for a company that has your values of service to the community through support of youth activities. One of my volunteer activities is coaching youth soccer, and I believe in the individual and community benefits of involving youth in recreational sports. I hope for the opportunity to interview with you, and will follow up with you.

Thank you for your consideration.

Sincerely, Jesse Bimal Blacksburg, Virginia 540-555-4523 [email protected]

Sample 3.5 — Letter of inquiry about employment possibilities, email fomat

Subject:  (logical to recipient!)  Inquiry about software engineering position after completion of M.S. in computer engineering

December 12, 20XY

Mr. Robert Burns President, Template Division Megatek Corporation Arlington, VA 22207 [email protected]

Dear Mr. Burns:

Next May I will complete my master of science in computer engineering at Virginia Tech. I found information about Megatek through an information session offered through the career center at my university, and am very excited about the career path options you offer for software engineers. I believe there is an excellent fit between my skills and interests and your needs.

As a graduate student, I am one of six members on a software development team in which we are writing a computer-aided aircraft design program for NASA. My responsibilities include designing, coding, and testing of a graphical portion of the program which requires the use of VWXDF for graphics input and output. I have a strong background in CAD, software development, and engineering, and believe that these skills would benefit the designing and manufacturing aspects of template software.  Attached is my resume with further details.

My qualifications equip me to make a contribution to the project areas in which your division of Megatik is expanding efforts.  I would appreciate the opportunity to discuss a position with you, and will contact you in a week to ten days to answer any questions you may have.  Thank you for your consideration.

Sincerely, Morgan Stevens Blacksburg, Virginia  |  540-555-2556 [email protected]

Sample 3.6 — Letter of inquiry about internship opportunities, email version

Subj: Wilderness Challenge internship position

January 12, 20XY

Ms. Sylvia Range Special Programs Assistant Marion County Family Court Wilderness Challenge Marion, VA 24560

Dear Ms. Range:

This semester I am a junior at Virginia Tech, working toward my bachelor's degree in family and child development. I am seeking an internship for this summer 20XY, and while researching opportunities in the field of youth development, I found your program. I am writing to inquire about possible internship opportunities with the Marion County Family Court Wilderness Challenge.

My work background and coursework have supplied me with many skills and an understanding of encouraging development of adolescents; for example:

• 10 hours per week as a volunteer hotline assistant for a local intervention center. After a 50-hour training program, I counseled teenagers about personal concerns and referred them, when necessary, to appropriate professional services for additional help.
• Wellness coordinator in my campus residence hall, which requires me to establish rapport with fifty residents and coach them on personal matters, university policies, and encourage healthy self-management habits to be successful in college.

My attached resume provides additional details about my background.

I will be in the Marion area during my spring break, March x-xx.  I will call you next week to see if it would be possible to meet with you in early March to discuss your program.

Sincerely, Sinclair Sosa Blacksburg, Virginia | 540-555-2233 | [email protected]

Sample 4.1 — Information seeking letter, email version

Mr. Idris Webb Delon Hampton and Associates Washington, DC

Dear Mr. Webb:

Next May I will complete my bachelor’s degree in Architecture at Virginia Tech, and am researching employment opportunities in the Washington metro area. I obtained your name from Professor (LastName) who teaches my professional seminar class this semester. S/he indicated that you had volunteered to provide highly motivated graduating students with career advice, and I hope that your schedule will permit you to allow me to ask for some of your time and advice. I am particularly interested in historic preservation and have done research on the DHA website to learn that your firm does work in this area. I am also interested in learning how the architects in your firm began their careers. My resume is attached simply to give you some information about my background and project work.

Within two weeks I will call you to arrange a time to speak to you by Zoom or perhaps visit your office if that would be convenient. I will be in the Washington area during the week of November 22. I very much appreciate your time and consideration of my request, and I look forward to talking with you.

Sincerely, Adara Alba Blacksburg, Virginia 540-555-1123 [email protected]

Sample 5.2 — Follow-up letter to information seeking meeting, email version

Subject:  (logical to recipient!)  Thank you for meeting Tuesday, Nov. 23

Mr. Javier Delon Delon Hampton and Associates Washington, DC 

Dear Mr. Delon:

Thank you so much for taking time from your busy schedule to meet with me on Tuesday. It was very helpful to me to learn so much about the current projects of Delon Hampton and Associates and the career paths of several of your staff. I appreciate your reviewing my portfolio and encouraging my career plans. I also enjoyed meeting Mil Menzur, and am glad to have her suggestions on how I can make the most productive use of my last semester prior to graduation.

Based on what I learned from my visit to your firm and other research I have done, I am very interested in being considered for employment with DHA in the future. I will be available to begin work after I graduate in May 20ZY. As you saw from my portfolio, I have developed strong skills in the area of historical documentation and this is a good match for the types of projects in which your firm specializes. My updated resume is attached to serve as a reminder of my background, some of which I discussed with you when we met.

During the next few months I will stay in contact with you in hopes that there may be an opportunity to join your firm. Thank you again for your generous help and guidance.

Sincerely, Kai Kalani Blacksburg, VA 24060 540-555-1123 [email protected]

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How to Write a Cover Letter That Sounds Like You (and Gets Noticed)

by  Elainy Mata

May 10, 2022

I hate cover letters. They add so much stress to the already uncomfortable and grueling job hunt. Every time I’m writing one, I find myself wondering: Do people even read these?

Unfortunately, the answer is “yes.” But, there are some ways to make the process a little less terrible. I asked Amy Gallo, Harvard Business Review editor and author of “ How to Write a Cover Letter ,” for her advice. From doing the research, to starting off strong, to emphasizing your value — Gallo taught me exactly what I need to do to get my cover letters noticed by hiring managers. I even wrote a new cover letter that has her blessing. (Scroll down if you’re in need of an expert-approved example.)

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Transcript 

ELAINY MATA: So you want to know how to tackle the cover letter. I do too. I actually really hate cover letters. I hate cover letters. I hate cover letters.

But the cover letter is important. It’s time to face our fears, and just figure out how in the world we are actually going to write it.

I got you, and we’re going to do this together. These tips are going to help you go through the process a lot easier. So if you are ready to tackle the cover letter, stick around and keep watching.

In front of me right now are three cover letters that I’ve written in the past, for three different jobs. And I’m just embarrassed. I’m embarrassed to read these.

To whom it may concern, to whom it may concern, to whom it may concern.

I would like to respectfully submit this cover letter.   I would like to respectfully submit this cover letter.

I am a passionate, detail-oriented person. I am passionate, detail-oriented person.

This sounds like I’m — this doesn’t sound like me at all. I think you want me to talk this way. Here we go like. Hire me.

I talked to Amy Gallo, an HBR editor, and the author of one of our most popular articles, “How to Write a Cover Letter.”

AMY GALLO: First of all, you’re not alone. I write about how to write cover letters, and I also hate them.

ELAINY MATA: She’s done the research. She’s talked to the experts. And I’m going to tell you exactly what she told me.

Make it one page

ELAINY MATA: So how long does a cover letter actually have to be? Just one page, one.

AMY GALLO: Don’t play with the font, and make it like eight point font, and like make your margins really wide. Just really figure out what is the most essential things that need to go on one page.

Do research, find a name

ELAINY MATA: This should be a no-brainer, but let’s get specific. Let’s say you’re applying for a job here, at Harvard Business Review. Go on the company’s website, go to their “About Us” section, and read what they’re about, see their mission statement, see their tone, see what that company is actually looking for, and what they stand for.

So you’ve got the broad stuff, but let’s dig a little bit deeper. What is the company that you’re applying for talking about now? You should actually go into their LinkedIn, their Twitter, see what they’re sharing, see who are they’re talking to, see what they’re talking about, so you can get a sense of what is currently happening. Lastly, find that hiring manager. It is so much better to address your cover letter to an actual person and a name rather than, to whom it may concern. So I have to kind of creep a little bit, and be like a private investigator.

AMY GALLO: Yeah, creeping is definitely part of the process. Usually, with LinkedIn, you can see who’s posted the job, who is sharing it with their network. You may not know for sure that that’s the hiring manager, but at least it’s a little more personable. Sometimes, I’ve heard people just reach out and say, “Who’s the hiring manager for this job? I’d like to address my cover letter to that person.”

Start strong

ELAINY MATA: You’ve probably written this 100 times before. “Hi, my name is this. I’m based here, and I’m applying for this job.” No, no, no, no, don’t do that. The hiring manager has a stack of cover letters. So you have to write yours to grab their attention. Amy, can you please give me an example of a strong, bold, opening line for cover letter. I promise I won’t steal it.

AMY GALLO: You’re allowed to steal it. Anyone should be able to steal it:

“I saw your listing on this website, and I was thrilled to see it, because it’s exactly the kind of job I’ve been looking for to apply my skills in X.”

Write something that’s short, to the point, but shows both enthusiasm, as well as experience that’s relevant to the job.

Emphasize your value

ELAINY MATA: Figure out what problem the company is facing. They’re hiring for a reason. Figure out what that reason is, and how you can best solve that problem. Amy also found the top two qualities that people generally look for is adaptability, and the ability to learn quickly.

How about if I just got out of college, and I’m looking at these jobs that are asking for three to five years or more of experience. How can I write a cover letter if I feel like I don’t have enough to write about?

AMY GALLO: Yeah, so that’s a good question, because the cover letter shouldn’t be focused so much on the past. That’s the resume’s job. The cover letter is really about the future. So how are you going to take what’s in that resume, your past, and apply it to where you’re going.

Convey enthusiasm, not desperation

ELAINY MATA: This is really hard to balance. You want to show them that you’re excited to work there, and that you’re going to bring a lot of energy to the team. But don’t be too strong, because over eagerness can actually work against you.

Find a proofreader

AMY GALLO: Write the letter you want to write. Then share it with someone else, someone who knows you well, but someone who also will tell you like it is. We’re not good judges of our own writing.

ELAINY MATA: So getting a second pair of eyes will help you look for any errors, typos, and most importantly, they can tell you if you make sense.

Amy, this sounds like a lot. Is there even like a sort of a shortcut to this, or a sort of scalable way that I can do this for multiple different jobs?

AMY GALLO: I mean, you’ve probably heard the phrase looking for a job is a full-time job. It does take a lot of time. You’re tweaking some things. You’re not writing a whole new letter. So you’re going to have a template. Write your best cover letter for the first job you apply for. Share that with your friend to check the tone. Do the research on the company, right? Do that the first time. Then and adjust the cover letter accordingly. Does that seem more reasonable?

ELAINY MATA: Yes, much more reasonable.

So my task is to apply for a job here at HBR, and to write a new cover letter using the advice that Amy gave me. Let’s do it.

This is hard. I never said it was going to be easy, maybe easier than what you were doing before, but definitely not easy.

The first draft

Dear Maureen and hiring team,

I saw your listing on Linkedln and am excited because this is exactly the job that I’ve been looking for to showcase my skills in video production and production management to assist the creative center in producing compelling content.

Working in news and movie production has taught me to hear an idea and a concept and be able to fully plan out the logistics needed to make the desired final visual product. I have been able to work with software like Adobe Creative Suite and TriCaster, and have worked with other team members to write scripts and compose story boards.

Being part of the Creative Center team will give me the challenges to grow as a skilled producer and assist in production, help the production planning process, create a quick tum around for video publication, and manage content.

AMY GALLO: You did well on length. It is very short. That’s good.

ELAINY MATA: My gosh.

AMY GALLO: I read this, I’m like, that first sentence is spot on. And then it gets a little bit stilted. And then it goes into what’s probably on your resume. And I want a little more personality.

The final draft

ELAINY MATA: So Amy, after many back and forths — How do you think I did?

AMY GALLO: All right. So I’m looking at it right now. And I think you did a really good job.

You’ve got the main components here. There’s some personality in it. There’s some flattery in it about the company you’re applying to, but it’s not like over the top. I have to tell you, I would have you in. I think it’s a great letter.

ELAINY MATA: That’s it for me. I wrote the cover letter. You got to see the whole process. And I feel like I definitely have a better outlook on how to approach it. These are not easy to write, so good luck out there. Watch as many times as you can. Practice makes perfect. I’ll see you soon.

Cover letter example 

I was so excited to see your post on LinkedIn because it’s exactly the type of job I’m looking for: an opportunity to bring my experience with video production and enthusiasm for storytelling to an organization that sets the standard for high-quality management content.

In addition to five years of experience in broadcast journalism, research, and video production, I would bring an organized and systems-level perspective to this role. I view video production as a puzzle, and like to think about which parts need to come together in order to make a great final product. My approach is to have in-depth conversations with my team members, and the various stakeholders, before each project. This helps me nail down the logistics — from location to talent.

From there, the fun begins: fleshing out the concept and identifying what visuals will best represent it. Ideation and storyboarding are essential in this step. I know I’m not right all the time, so I enjoy working with a diverse team that can bring in new perspectives, brainstorm, and pitch ideas that will make the final product stronger. Whenever possible, I also try to seek out other sources for inspiration, like magazines, which allow me to observe different ways of expression and storytelling. This approach has served me well. It’s what has allowed me to enter the film industry and grow as a creator.

On my website, you can see examples of how I use the above process to create fun, engaging content.

Given this experience and my enthusiasm for the work you do, I believe I’d make a great addition to your team. I recently had a chance to try out your Patient Zero product at my current organization. The simulation is both challenging and engaging. I was impressed by your ability to apply  different storytelling methods to an online training course (which, let’s admit, can often be a little dry). Your work exemplifies exactly what I believe: There’s an opportunity to tell a compelling story in everything — all you have to do is deliver it right.

I’d love to come in and speak with you more about what I’d be able to offer in this role. Harvard Business Publishing is my top choice and I believe I’d make valuable contributions to your team.

Thank you for your time and consideration!

How to Write a Cover Letter for an Internal Position (With Examples and a Template!)

Applying for an internal position isn’t just a matter of submitting a resume and hoping for the best. It’s about strategically positioning yourself as the perfect candidate for a role within a company that already knows you.

The prospect of new challenges, career growth, and the chance to contribute in different ways can be highly motivating. But with that comes the need to navigate office politics , manage relationships, and ensure that your application stands out.

We’ll explore what makes a cover letter for an internal position different from a traditional cover letter , why it’s crucial to write a good one, and how to do it effectively. We’ll also include examples and a template to help you get started.

Think you need to look outside your current company? One of these open jobs on The Muse might just be the one »

Is a cover letter for an internal position different from a traditional cover letter?

Yes! When you're applying for a job within the same company, you're not starting from scratch. The hiring manager already knows you and has very easy access to a reference check, so your cover letter must reflect proximity. Balancing familiarity with professionalism is key.

Unlike a traditional cover letter, where you introduce yourself and explain your interest in the company, a cover letter for an internal position should focus on your achievements , your understanding of the company culture, and your vision for how you can contribute to this new role.

“The process might be less formal but is often more competitive because you’re up against colleagues,” says Kenan Acieklly, CEO of Workhy , who has nearly a decade of experience in HR and business management. “Decisions may weigh heavily on your internal reputation, past performance, and ability to articulate your future potential within the company.”

Why should I write a cover letter for an internal position?

Writing a cover letter for an internal position is crucial for several reasons. You might think that since you're already an employee, a cover letter is just a formality. However, skipping it or writing a generic one could really hurt your chances.

This cover letter should highlight why you’re the best candidate for this different role, even if your managers and colleagues already know your work ethic and contributions. You’re making the case that you're not just a good employee, but the right person for this specific job.

Writing a cover letter underscores your seriousness about the role. “It’s an opportunity to articulate your vision and demonstrate continued commitment to the company’s success,” Acikelli says. And it serves many important functions:

• It reaffirms your interest in the company: Even though you already work there, this shows that you're still committed to the company's mission and values.
• It highlights your achievements: This is your chance to remind the hiring manager of your successes within the company—things they might not remember or know about if they weren’t directly supervising you.
• It shows your initiative: Applying internally demonstrates that you’re eager to grow and take on new challenges. A well-crafted cover letter underlines your proactive approach to your career.
• It provides a tailored narrative: This letter allows you to connect your current role with the new one, explaining how your skills, experience, and knowledge of the company make you the ideal candidate.

How to apply for an internal role

Let's go over some of the most common questions about applying for an internal position:

Is it OK to apply for an internal position?

Yes, it is absolutely OK to apply for an internal position. Companies generally encourage internal mobility as it allows them to retain talent and leverage existing employees’ skills and institutional knowledge. Applying for an internal position shows that you are committed to the company and interested in furthering your career within the organization.

How to express interest in an internal position?

It's important to be both professional and enthusiastic. Start by scheduling a meeting with your current supervisor to discuss your career goals and explain why you're interested in the new role. During the conversation, emphasize your desire to continue growing within the company and explain how the new position aligns with your career aspirations. Make sure to follow any formal application procedures, such as submitting an updated resume and a strong cover letter.

How do you tell your boss you are applying for an internal position?

Schedule a private meeting with your boss to discuss your plans. Be upfront about your intentions, explaining why you’re interested in the new role and how it aligns with your long-term career goals . Emphasize that this move isn’t a reflection of dissatisfaction with your current position, but rather a desire to grow and take on new challenges within the company. It’s important to assure your boss that you remain committed to your current responsibilities and that you will help ensure a smooth transition if you’re selected for the new role.

Do I need a CV for an internal job?

Yes, you typically need a curriculum vitae (CV) or resume when applying for an internal job. While the hiring managers might already know you, a CV provides a formal document that highlights your relevant experience, skills, and accomplishments. It also helps you present your qualifications in a structured way that aligns with the job requirements. Make sure to tailor your CV to the specific role you’re applying for, emphasizing the experience and achievements that are most relevant to the new position.

How do you message a hiring manager for an internal position?

Keep the tone professional and concise. Start by introducing yourself and expressing your interest in the position. Mention that you are currently working in the company and explain why you believe you are a good fit for the role. Offer to provide more information or discuss your qualifications in detail at their convenience. Close the message by thanking them for considering your application and expressing your enthusiasm for the opportunity.

“Dear [Hiring Manager’s Name],

I am writing to express my interest in the [Job Title] position that was recently posted. I have been with [Company Name] for [X years] as [Your Current Position], and I believe that my experience and skills align well with the requirements of this role. I would greatly appreciate the opportunity to discuss how I can contribute to the team in this new capacity. Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the possibility of working together.

Best regards, [Your Name]”

How to write a cover letter for an internal position (examples included!)

Now that you already know the basics of how to apply for a role within your current company, let's focus on how to write an impressive cover letter for an internal position.

Think of it as a way to remind decision-makers why you're the right person for the job—because of your qualifications, your understanding of the company’s goals, and how you can contribute to its success in a new capacity. Your cover letter for an internal position should convey your enthusiasm for the position, reflect on what you've achieved so far, and outline how you plan to make an even bigger impact if given the opportunity.

Follow this structure to make an impressive cover letter for an internal position:

1. Start with a strong opening

Begin by expressing your excitement about the new role and your commitment to the company. Mention how long you’ve been with the company and briefly describe your current position.

“I am thrilled to apply for the [Job Title] position. Having been with [Company Name] for [X years], I have developed a deep understanding of our operations and have consistently strived to contribute to our success in meaningful ways.”

2. Highlight your accomplishments

This is where you shine a light on what you've achieved in your current role. “Start with your accomplishments in your current role, then connect those successes to the value you’ll bring to the new position,” Acikelli says.

“In my current role as [Your Current Job Title], I successfully led [Project Name], which resulted in [specific achievement, e.g., a 20% increase in sales]. This experience has given me invaluable insights that I am eager to apply in the [New Job Title] role.”

3. Showcase your knowledge of the company

Use your insider knowledge to your advantage. “Mention any cross-departmental collaborations to show your versatility and readiness for broader responsibilities,” Acikelli says. Discuss how your understanding of the company’s culture, goals, and challenges makes you a good fit for the new role.

“Having worked closely with [Department/Team], I am well-versed in the challenges we face in [specific area]. I am particularly excited about the opportunity to contribute to [specific initiative or project related to the new role], as I believe my experience and knowledge could greatly benefit our efforts.”

4. Align your skills with the new role

Clearly explain how your skills and experience align with the requirements of the new position. Be specific about what you bring to the table that will help you succeed in this role.

“My experience in [specific skill or area] has equipped me with the [specific abilities] needed to excel in the [New Job Title] role. I am confident that my background in [relevant experience] will allow me to [specific contribution].”

5. Express your commitment to growth

Demonstrate that you're eager to learn and grow within the company. Mention any relevant training or development you’ve pursued and how you plan to continue growing in the new role.

“I am committed to continuous professional development, as evidenced by my completion of [relevant training or certification]. I am eager to further develop my skills in [specific area] and contribute to [Company Name] in new and impactful ways.”

Cover letter template for internal position

Use the following cover letter template for internal position as a guide. This structure will help you effectively communicate your enthusiasm for the position while leveraging your internal experience to stand out as the ideal candidate.

[Your Name] [Your Current Job Title] [Company Name] [Email Address] [Phone Number] [Date]

[Hiring Manager’s Name] [Hiring Manager’s Job Title] [Company Name]

Dear [Hiring Manager’s Name],

I am writing to express my interest in the [Job Title] position that recently opened up in [Department Name]. Having been with [Company Name] for [X years], I have gained a deep appreciation for our company’s mission and values, and I am excited about the opportunity to contribute to [specific department or project related to the new role] in this new capacity.

In my current role as [Your Current Job Title], I have had the privilege of [mention your key achievements]. This experience deepened my understanding of [specific area or department] and inspired me to seek new challenges within [Company Name]. I am particularly drawn to the [Job Title] position because [specific reason related to the new role].

One of the aspects of [Company Name] that I value most is our commitment to [specific company value or mission], and I am eager to contribute to [specific project or initiative related to the new role] in a more direct way. I believe that my background in [relevant experience or skill] aligns perfectly with the needs of the [Job Title] position, and I am confident in my ability to [specific contribution or goal].

I am also committed to continuous growth and development, as evidenced by [mention any relevant training or certifications]. I am excited about the opportunity to bring my skills and experience to the [Job Title] role, and I look forward to the possibility of continuing to grow with [Company Name].

Thank you for considering my application. I am enthusiastic about the opportunity to further discuss how I can contribute to the success of [Company Name] in this new role.

Sincerely, [Your Name]

Bottom line

By carefully crafting your cover letter, you can position yourself as the ideal candidate for the role. Remember, your cover letter for an internal position is your chance to highlight your achievements, showcase your understanding of the company, and demonstrate your commitment to growth. With the right approach, you can successfully transition into a new role within the same company, taking your career to the next level. Good luck!

Additional Information on Your CV: A Guide

Additional information can help to show employers you have the skills and experience for the job. While work experience, skills and education are the traditional main sections of a CV, additional information sections are just as valid a way of showcasing relevant achievements and activities, particularly if you don’t have much work experience. In this article, we’ll discuss what to include in your CV’s additional information, with tips on making the most of these sections.

Types of Additional Information to Include on Your CV

There are various types of additional information you can add to your CV to give you the edge over other applicants and help convince hiring managers you’re right for the job. Take a look at the sections below to see what information you can use to prove your credentials:

Certifications, Training and Licences

Any type of certification, training or licence that’s relevant to the job you’re applying for can be useful to include in your CV. These can supplement the main qualifications in your education section and show you’ve gained a strong skill set, while possessing a proactive approach to learning and career development.

Consider adding any certifications and licences required for your job, or any that can help show you’re well-qualified for the position. If you have any certifications from accredited institutions such as the Project Management Institute or the Institute of Chartered Accountants, these can be particularly powerful. You might also consider adding short courses and online certifications, such as IT skills training, health and safety, customer service or any other relevant courses you’ve attended.

Expert tip:

The additional information section gives you the chance to showcase things that truly make you unique from other candidates, so don’t overlook this valuable CV section. Think of key achievements and activities outside your main work experience that offer something different, but remember to keep it relevant to the job description at all times.

Achievements and Awards

If you’ve received any awards during your career, these can show employers you’ve reached a high level and been recognised by your peers or industry experts. Industry-based awards or awards from professional associations are particularly powerful, as these show you’ve reached a level of expertise and achievement in your chosen industry. You might also consider adding a section for your various career achievements and milestones, if you haven’t mentioned these elsewhere in your CV.

Relevant Hobbies and Interests

Hobbies and interests can be particularly useful for your CV if you lack work experience or you’re applying for an entry-level role. Think about any hobbies or interests you have that use the key skills required for the job, or that have helped you develop knowledge in your chosen industry. For example, pottery, drawing or photography can show you have a creative mindset, patience and an eye for detail, while playing for a local sports team can show teamwork, commitment and resilience.

Every section of your CV should be well-structured, with the content focused on showcasing exactly why you’re right for the role. The additional information section is no different.

Language skills can give an edge over other candidates in plenty of different industries. Regardless of whether this is listed as a requirement in the job description, speaking a foreign language can showcase various skills to set you apart from other candidates. Mention the languages you speak (not including your main language) and your level of proficiency. If you know the official CEFR level of your skills in speaking, reading and writing, it’s useful to mention these.

Volunteer work

Voluntary work is perfect for your CV if you don’t have much real-world work experience. These unpaid roles can help you showcase valuable skills and experience to employers that you might not have yet gained in the world of paid work. Even if you’re experienced in your field, there’s merit to listing volunteer positions because they can show your dedication and commitment to wider causes.

Best Practice for Including Additional Information

Follow the guide below to create a CV with additional information that really makes an impact with recruiters and hiring managers:

Creating a Clear and Concise Additional Information Section

Clarity is essential for your additional information section. This applies to both the presentation and content. Every section of your CV should be well-structured, with the content focused on showcasing exactly why you’re right for the role. The additional information section is no different.

Use bullet points in this section to ensure the information you present is clear and concise. Bullet points can help you focus each entry on a particular skill or achievement while keeping them as brief as possible.

Make sure everything you add to this part of your CV is relevant to the job description. If the information helps you prove a skill or experience that you haven’t been able to showcase in the main sections of your CV, it’s worth including. If, however, you’re repeating skills and experience in your additional information that you’ve already shown elsewhere, you can leave it out.

Finally, use a simple, descriptive heading for the section, such as ‘Additional Information’ or ‘Relevant Skills and Experience’. This not only makes your CV easier to read for hiring managers, it makes it more easily scannable by ATS software. CV templates that have clearly defined, well-structured and formatted sections make for the most readable documents for both humans and automated systems.

Showcasing Relevant Skills and Experience

Anything you include in your additional information section should be tailored to the role you’re applying for. You might wish to create a draft CV that includes all the information you may need for any given job application, and then create your CV from that base, tailoring and adapting the information to match the job description.

Think about anything you can add to your CV that’s not covered by your work experience, education and skills sections, but that adds value to your credentials and shows you have what it takes to do the job. Keep your additional information as brief as possible – the main sections of your CV should do most of the heavy lifting of proving you’re a suitable candidate. However, additional information can help to push your CV into the top bracket and past candidates with otherwise similar levels of experience.

Additional Information on Your Cover Letter

If you don’t have space on your CV for additional information that you feel is relevant to your application, you could consider adding it to your cover letter . The cover letter can be suitable for mentioning voluntary work, hobbies and interests, certifications or awards, depending on your level of experience and seniority. If you’re using an online CV and cover letter maker, choose cover letter templates that match your CV and help your applications stand out.

Examples of Effective Additional Information

These CV examples show two different approaches to the additional information section. Your approach to adding this information to your CV will differ depending on your experience levels. Take a look below at examples for experienced candidates and junior candidates with no experience:

Experienced Candidate

For a senior candidate, it’s important to draw attention to significant achievements and milestones that only someone with a wealth of industry experience could achieve. Include advanced qualifications, awards you or your company have won, publications, conferences or events you’ve spoken at, and any other high-level activities that can set you apart. For example:

Additional Information

Certifications

• Advanced Certificate in Managerial Accounting and Analysis, London School of Business & Finance, 2015
• PMI Professional in Business Analysis, Project Management Institute, 2014
• Practice Leader of The Year, Accounting Excellence Awards, 2022
• Tax Advisory Team of The Year, UK Business Awards, 2018
• Firm rated ‘Outstanding’ by the Social Inclusion Institute, 2020

Publications

• ‘The Future of Tax Accounting: Embracing AI and Automation for Competitive Advantage’, Accounting Age, November 2023
• ‘Reshaping the Accounting Profession: Trends in Talent Management and Client Services for 2022’, The Financial Accountant, January 2022

Junior Candidate with No Experience

If you’re applying for entry-level or graduate roles, employers won’t necessarily expect you to prove all your skills through paid work experience. There are plenty of ways to still prove you have the necessary skills for the job. For example:

Additional information

Volunteer Work

Activity Organiser, Gateshead Active Communities, 2022 — present

• Organising physical activity and sports sessions for young people aged 12 to 18 in some of Gateshead’s most deprived areas
• Developing physical activity skills and fitness to help give young people a sense of purpose
• Connecting young people to local services, education and employers to help them gain skills and transition into employment

Hobbies and Interests

• Vice-captain of local basketball team, competing in the Women’s North East League Division 1
• Active interest in local politics, acting as a polling station attendant at three local and two general elections
• Community First Aid Training, Gateshead Council, 2021
• Introduction to Youth Work, National Youth Agency, 2022
• Enhanced DBS Check, 2023
• UK Driving Licence, category D1 (minibus)

Key Takeaways for Including Additional Information to Your CV

Your additional information section can give your job applications the edge over other candidates. Tailor the information according to the role and your seniority, and make sure everything you add is relevant for the job. Jobseeker’s tools and CV articles can help your applications stand out in a competitive field. You can also find cover letter articles to help you make a strong impression with employers. Sign up today to get started.

Get ahead of the competition

Make your job applications stand-out from other candidates.

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How to get ChatGPT to write your cover letter: step-by-step guide with exact prompts

• When applying for jobs, ChatGPT-4 can make the cover-letter writing process more manageable.
• An AI consultant shares tips for writing an effective cover letter using ChatGPT.
• Here's a step-by-step guide, including writing prompts and navigating ChatGPT's limitations. 

Generative AI can be an effective tool for time-consuming tasks like writing cover letters, but only if you know how to use it effectively.

As an AI consultant , marketing and design companies come to me when they need help learning to use AI tools like ChatGPT. I also help companies review potential employees for AI-specific roles by evaluating their understanding of current tools and trends.

Here's a step-by-step guide on how to get AI to write you a great cover letter that doesn't sound AI-generated. 

Learn the basics

ChatGPT works best with specific directions, so learn what makes a good cover letter before directing ChatGPT to write one. 

Isimemen Aladejobi, a career strategist, outlines three components of an effective cover letter. 

•  A strong introduction that demonstrates company or industry knowledge. Highlight something in the news that's relevant to your prospective department. Use this topical event to segue into why you're interested in this specific position.  Aladejobi recommends always referring to the job title and company by name.
• The body of the cover letter should convey why your skills and experience make you a perfect fit. Highlight what you brought to the table at your last job and connect it to the requirements of the role you're applying for. Even suggest initiatives you could start at the company.
• The sign-off should be simple. Aladejobi suggests, "I'm excited and looking forward to hearing from you," which she says demonstrates enthusiasm without being too wordy. 

With this in mind, you can now start prompting ChatGPT with confidence. 

Writing your cover letter in ChatGPT-4

Be aware of the token limit.

The token limit is ChatGPT's limit on recall and comprehension during a single session. ChatGPT has a token limit of 4,096, and according to OpenAI , 100 tokens are about 75 words.

If ChatGPT starts responding to prompts illogically, you've probably hit the limit. This message to help ChatGPT refocus:

" Please search this chat for the word strawberry and reread that message and provide me a summary of what you think we need to do. We're at step [#] of that message. Tell me if you want a recap of the previous steps, and I'll provide a summary. "

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Having this marker will keep ChatGPT on task and ensure an accurate end product. 

Step 1: Onboard ChatGPT to the task

ChatGPT needs very explicit instructions to complete tasks successfully. Below is the exact prompt to copy and paste into the chatbot. 

To apply for a job within your industry use this prompt: 

"Hi ChatGPT. You're now the best cover letter writer on earth. You and I will write a cover letter together for [job title] at [company]. I have [#] years of experience. Here's what we're going to do:

•  You will ask me at least 15 questions about my work history and vision for the role. Make at least one of the questions "What initiatives would you implement in this role?"
• I'm going to give you sections of the job description to read and you're going to generate a strategic plan for the cover letter based on my answers from step one and the job description for me to approve.
• I'm going to give you a news item about the company. Read it and tell me how you plan to connect it to my cover letter application.
• Use this format to write the cover letter:
• Begin with the news item based on my approval of your strategy. Conclude paragraph one: "When I came across this role, I knew it was the role for me. Let me tell you why."
• The next two to three paragraphs should be my career history with clear connections to the position requirements and desired skills. Make sure to say somewhere, "As your [position title], I'll," and include some of the initiatives.
• Wrap up with the following sentence, "I'm excited and looking forward to hearing from you."

If we exceed your token limit, let's use "strawberry" as our focus word so you can get reoriented. 

Please begin by summarizing what you think I want you to do."

If you're making a pivot in your career, remove this line from the prompt: " I have [#] years of experience ," and replace it with " I'm making a career transition from [industry] to [industry] so the cover letter needs to heavily showcase how my previous experience is an asset to [Company]. "

And add this to the first task: "Make another question about how I think my previous experience is an asset to this new industry."

Step 2: Check for understanding

ChatGPT should create a summary of this plan. Check that the summary is accurate. If it is, reply with " next step " or " yes ."

Ashley Couto

If ChatGPT gets confused, open a new chat and repaste the prompt.

Step 3: Answer the career questions and have ChatGPT generate a career summary

The bot should provide you with the 15 career questions. Each answer should be two or three sentences long. You can go over for one or two questions, but be wary of potentially hitting the token limit. 

Once you've answered all the questions, add this sentence and press enter:

" Please create a detailed summary of my responses that I can paste into ChatGPT so I don't have to answer all these questions again if I need to generate another cover letter. "

Copy and paste the summary into another document to use for other applications. 

Step 4: Input no more than 2,500 characters of the job description

Copy and paste only the pertinent details from the description into ChatGPT and delete the fluff. Keep skills and competencies, responsibilities, the role overview, and a little about the company if you think it would be helpful.

Step 5: Paste in a company press release or industry-specific news story

Once ChatGPT gives you its plan, decide whether you agree with its intent. If you do, indicate that you want to move forward and press return or make a change. 

With any AI tool, you must be an editor and strategic advisor. Do not assume that what it's generated is the right path. Exercise critical judgment and get ChatGPT to refine.

For example, after I provided the article, ChatGPT presented me with a summary that didn't highlight key issues on how Canadian media companies think about content. I gave it instructions to refine it.

Step 6: Generate the cover letter and revise it with ChatGPT

Once you've approved its strategic approach, ChatGPT will generate the cover letter. 

It will generate a first draft but probably won't be ready for use yet. It's your job now to go back in and revise using specific instructions.

For example, I felt that the third paragraph ChatGPT generated was weak.

Direct it with specific changes to adjust particular paragraphs and go back and forth for a few rounds until you're happy.

And it generated a much stronger attempt.

Step 7: Put it into a text editor

ChatGPT has a suboptimal understanding of grammar and syntax. Once you're happy with the content, put your text through Grammarly to help tighten up the language and avoid problems like using the passive voice.

Step 8: Rinse and repeat with modifications

You can use the same root prompt for future cover letters, but replace step one with this:

"I'm going to paste in a summary of my work experience. Please write me a three-sentence summary of what type of work I do and what you see as my top accomplishment so I can check for understanding."

Based on the previously generated summary, you'll double-check that ChatGPT has a good idea of what you do. If it's missing a few key details, fill it in on those or tell it which summary you want it to prioritize before you move through the rest of the prompt.

Watch: The 3 key words to use on your résumé to land the interview

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