dissertations, conference proceedings, correspondence
Review articles, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, practice guidelines, monographs on a specific subject
Textbooks, encyclopedias, handbooks, newspapers
These examples and descriptions of publication types will give you an idea of how to use various works and why you would want to write a particular kind of paper.
Scholarly (aka empirical) article -- example
Empirical studies use data derived from observation or experiment. Original research papers (also called primary research articles) that describe empirical studies and their results are published in academic journals. Articles that report empirical research contain different sections which relate to the steps of the scientific method.
Abstract - The abstract provides a very brief summary of the research.
Introduction - The introduction sets the research in a context, which provides a review of related research and develops the hypotheses for the research.
Method - The method section describes how the research was conducted.
Results - The results section describes the outcomes of the study.
Discussion - The discussion section contains the interpretations and implications of the study.
References - A references section lists the articles, books, and other material cited in the report.
Review article -- example
A review article summarizes a particular field of study and places the recent research in context. It provides an overview and is an excellent introduction to a subject area. The references used in a review article are helpful as they lead to more in-depth research.
Many databases have limits or filters to search for review articles. You can also search by keywords like review article, survey, overview, summary, etc.
Conference proceedings, abstracts and reports -- example
Conference proceedings, abstracts and reports are not usually peer-reviewed. A conference article is similar to a scholarly article insofar as it is academic. Conference articles are published much more quickly than scholarly articles. You can find conference papers in many of the same places as scholarly articles.
To identify an article based on empirical research, look for the following characteristics:
The article is published in a peer-reviewed journal .
The article includes charts, graphs, or statistical analysis .
The article is substantial in size , likely to be more than 5 pages long.
The article contains the following parts (the exact terms may vary): abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion, references .
Analysis of a collaborative transport model mixing passengers with freights in metro system.
Integrating cargo bikes and drones into last-mile deliveries: insights from pilot deliveries in five greek cities, freight on public transportation: assessing the role of inter-modality, urban courier delivery in a smart city: the user learning process of travel costs enhanced by emerging technologies, network planning of metro-based underground logistics system against mixed uncertainties: a multi-objective cooperative co-evolutionary optimization approach, integration planning of freight deliveries into passenger bus networks: exact and heuristic algorithms, optimization of a rural bus service integrated with e-commerce deliveries guided by a new sustainable policy in china, related papers.
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The role of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases—current literature review.
Modrzejewska, M.; Zdanowska, O. The Role of Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) in the Pathogenesis of Ocular Diseases—Current Literature Review. J. Clin. Med. 2024 , 13 , 3851. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133851
Modrzejewska M, Zdanowska O. The Role of Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) in the Pathogenesis of Ocular Diseases—Current Literature Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine . 2024; 13(13):3851. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133851
Modrzejewska, Monika, and Oliwia Zdanowska. 2024. "The Role of Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) in the Pathogenesis of Ocular Diseases—Current Literature Review" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 13: 3851. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133851
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A scoping literature review is a methodological review type of literature review that adopts an iterative approach to systematically map the existing literature on a particular topic or research area. It involves identifying, selecting, and synthesizing relevant papers to provide an overview of the size and scope of available evidence.
Refers to any combination of methods where one significant component is a literature review (usually systematic). Within a review context it refers to a combination of review approaches for example combining quantitative with qualitative research or outcome with process studies ... A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and ...
Narrative or traditional literature reviews. Critically Appraised Topic (CAT) Scoping reviews. Systematic literature reviews. Annotated bibliographies. These are not the only types of reviews of literature that can be conducted. Often the term "review" and "literature" can be confusing and used in the wrong context.
Examples of literature reviews. Step 1 - Search for relevant literature. Step 2 - Evaluate and select sources. Step 3 - Identify themes, debates, and gaps. Step 4 - Outline your literature review's structure. Step 5 - Write your literature review.
Writing a Literature Review. A literature review is a document or section of a document that collects key sources on a topic and discusses those sources in conversation with each other (also called synthesis ). The lit review is an important genre in many disciplines, not just literature (i.e., the study of works of literature such as novels ...
Characterizes quantity and quality of literature, perhaps by study design and other key features. Attempts to specify a viable review. Systematic Review: Seeks to systematically search for, appraise and synthesis research evidence, often adhering to guidelines on the conduct of a review. Aims for exhaustive, comprehensive searching.
What kinds of sources require a Literature Review? A research paper assigned in a course; A thesis or dissertation; ... Narrative review: The purpose of this type of review is to describe the current state of the research on a specific topic/research and to offer a critical analysis of the literature reviewed. Studies are grouped by research ...
Meeting the review family: exploring review types and associated information retrieval requirements. Health information and libraries journal, 36(3), 202-222. doi:10.1111/hir.12276 (An updated look at different types of literature review, expands on the Grant & Booth 2009 article listed above). Garrard, J. (2007).
The best proposals are timely and clearly explain why readers should pay attention to the proposed topic. It is not enough for a review to be a summary of the latest growth in the literature: the ...
The choice of a specific type depends on your research approach and design. The following types of literature review are the most popular in business studies: Narrative literature review, also referred to as traditional literature review, critiques literature and summarizes the body of a literature. Narrative review also draws conclusions about ...
Literature reviews can take two major forms. The most prevalent one is the "literature review" or "background" section within a journal paper or a chapter in a graduate thesis. This section synthesizes the extant literature and usually identifies the gaps in knowledge that the empirical study addresses (Sylvester, Tate, & Johnstone, 2013).
Types of reviews and examples. Definition: "A term used to describe a conventional overview of the literature, particularly when contrasted with a systematic review (Booth et al., 2012, p. 265). Characteristics: Example: Mitchell, L. E., & Zajchowski, C. A. (2022). The history of air quality in Utah: A narrative review.
This article is organized as follows: The next section presents the methodology adopted by this research, followed by a section that discusses the typology of literature reviews and provides empirical examples; the subsequent section summarizes the process of literature review; and the last section concludes the paper with suggestions on how to improve the quality and rigor of literature ...
Rapid review. Assessment of what is already known about a policy or practice issue, by using systematic review methods to search and critically appraise existing research. Completeness of searching determined by time constraints. Time-limited formal quality assessment. Typically narrative and tabular.
Literature, or narrative, reviews provide an overview of what is known about a particular topic. They evaluate the material, rather than simply restating it, but the methods used to do this are not usually prespecified and they are not described in detail in the review. The search might be comprehensive but it does not aim to be exhaustive.
Types of Literature Review are as follows: Narrative literature review: This type of review involves a comprehensive summary and critical analysis of the available literature on a particular topic or research question. It is often used as an introductory section of a research paper. Systematic literature review: This is a rigorous and ...
Literature reviews are in great demand in most scientific fields. Their need stems from the ever-increasing output of scientific publications .For example, compared to 1991, in 2008 three, eight, and forty times more papers were indexed in Web of Science on malaria, obesity, and biodiversity, respectively .Given such mountains of papers, scientists cannot be expected to examine in detail every ...
For the following types of literature review, I present an explanation and overview of the type, followed by links to some real-life literature reviews on the topics. 1. Narrative Review Examples. Also known as a traditional literature review, the narrative review provides a broad overview of the studies done on a particular topic.
This type of review has been developed and refined by the Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-Centre), Institute of Education, London, to map out and categorize existing literature on a particular topic, 34 identifying gaps in research literature from which to commission further reviews and/or primary ...
This site explores different review methodologies such as, systematic, scoping, realist, narrative, state of the art, meta-ethnography, critical, and integrative reviews. The LITR-EX site has a health professions education focus, but the advice and information is widely applicable. Types of Reviews. Review the table to peruse review types and ...
This paper discusses literature review as a methodology for conducting research and offers an overview of different types of reviews, as well as some guidelines to how to both conduct and evaluate a literature review paper. It also discusses common pitfalls and how to get literature reviews published. 1.
2. Benefits of Review Articles to the Author. Analysing literature gives an overview of the "WHs": WHat has been reported in a particular field or topic, WHo the key writers are, WHat are the prevailing theories and hypotheses, WHat questions are being asked (and answered), and WHat methods and methodologies are appropriate and useful [].For new or aspiring researchers in a particular ...
Secondary literature consists of interpretations and evaluations that are derived from or refer to the primary source literature. Examples include review articles (such as meta-analysis and systematic reviews) and reference works. Professionals within each discipline take the primary literature and synthesize, generalize, and integrate new ...
Urban logistics face growing complexity as cities seek sustainable development pathways; one solution is integrating freight transportation with public transit. The purpose of this study is to evaluate current practices, identify gaps, and highlight opportunities for advancement in this field. Through a comprehensive literature review guided by four research questions, this study evaluates ...
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been attracting the attention of researchers for many years. HSPs are a family of ubiquitous, well-characterised proteins that are generally regarded as protective multifunctional molecules that are expressed in response to different types of cell stress. Their activity in many organs has been reported, including the heart, brain, and retina. By acting as ...