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Sheridan Grant

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Sheridan is a writer from Hamilton, Ontario. She has a passion for writing about what she loves and learning new things along the way. Her topics of expertise include skincare and beauty, home decor, and DIYing.

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About Thesis Nootropics

Hands up if you guzzle five coffees a day to stay awake, have tried all the supplements in the book desperate to improve your headspace, and aren’t interested in prescribed medications. Designed to increase focus , Thesis nootropics might be for you. 

Thesis offers a customized blend of ingredients designed to optimize your cognitive function , with personalized details that tackle your specific needs. Nootropics boost brain performance in the same way a stimulant would, without the common negative effects. 

A study published in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease found that nootropics may help improve cognitive function in people with Alzheimer’s disease.

Interested in finding out more about the brand and how it works? Leaf through our Thesis Nootropics review. We’ll be your guide through the company and the process, as well as details on the treatments, highlights from customer reviews, answers to important FAQs, and more, to help you decide if it’s worth the try.

Pros and Cons

• Multiple cognitive benefits: Thesis Nootropics offers a variety of blends that cater to multiple aspects of cognitive function.
• Long-term effects: On top of short term benefits for daily life, Thesis nootropics ingredients are designed to impact the brain in the long-term.
• Personalized recommendations: Thesis Nootropics makes personalized recommendations based on your goals and unique brain chemistry.
• Potential side effects: The most common side effects to watch out for when you start taking Thesis Nootropics include heartburn, headaches, confusion, dizziness, loss of appetite, and digestive issues.
• Need to stop taking if issues arise: If you experience a headache or an upset stomach that won’t go away while taking their nootropics, Thesis recommends that you stop taking them.

What is Thesis Nootropics?

Nootropics are nutrient compounds and substances that are known to improve brain performance , such as caffeine and creatine. They help with issues that affect motivation, creativity, mood, memory, focus, and cognitive processing.

Nootropics are the ideal addition to an already healthy lifestyle that consists of exercise, proper nutrition, and enjoyable activities.  Thesis nootropics are carefully formulated to target specific needs, ranging from energy to creativity. The brand focuses on safety, ensuring that all supplements adhere to FDA guidelines and go through multiple clinical trials. 

How Thesis Nootropics Works

With all that being said, you may be wondering how Thesis provides users with an option that is specific to their needs. Fortunately, the process is simple and hassle free. Here’s how it works:

• Take the Thesis nootropics quiz
• Answer questions about your basic information
• Receive personalized recommendations 
• Get your starter kit for $120 , or $79 monthly when you subscribe 

After that, you’ll select one formula to take each week, taking one day off in between each different option. You’ll also track your results in the daily journal over the month to see how they affect your daily life. 

From there, it operates as a subscription service. Users will be able to optimize their next shipment by telling the brand which formulas worked best.

If you don’t like any of the blends in your box, let the company know and they’ll switch it for something that’s a better fit for your lifestyle, genetics, and goals.

Thesis Nootropics Ingredients

Thesis Nootropics is a brand that offers personalized nootropics designed to enhance cognitive function and overall brain health. Their blends contain a variety of ingredients that are carefully chosen for their cognitive-boosting properties. Here are some of the key ingredients in Thesis Nootropics:

• Cognizin (Citicoline) : Cognizin is a type of choline that is known for its ability to enhance cognitive function, including memory and focus.
• L-Theanine : L-Theanine is an amino acid that is found in green tea, and is known for its ability to promote relaxation and reduce stress and anxiety.
• Lion’s Mane Mushroom : Lion’s Mane Mushroom is a type of medicinal mushroom that is believed to have cognitive-boosting properties, including improved memory and focus.
• Rhodiola Rosea : Rhodiola Rosea is an adaptogenic herb that is known for its ability to reduce stress and fatigue, and improve mental clarity and cognitive function.
• Ashwagandha : Ashwagandha is an adaptogenic herb that is known for its ability to reduce stress and anxiety, and improve memory and cognitive function.
• Phosphatidylserine : Phosphatidylserine is a type of phospholipid that is found in high concentrations in the brain, and is believed to support cognitive function, including memory and focus³
• Alpha-GPC : Alpha-GPC is a type of choline that is known for its ability to enhance cognitive function, including memory and focus.
• TAU (uridine): TAU is a blend of uridine, choline, and DHA, which is believed to support brain health and cognitive function.
• Artichoke extract : Artichoke extract is believed to enhance cognitive function by increasing levels of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that is important for memory and learning.
• Dynamine : Dynamine is a type of alkaloid that is believed to enhance cognitive function by increasing levels of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that is important for mood and motivation.

Overall, the ingredients in Thesis Nootropics are carefully chosen for their cognitive-boosting properties, and are designed to work together to enhance overall brain health and cognitive function.

Thesis Nootropics Health Benefits

Thesis Nootropics is a brand that offers personalized nootropics designed to enhance cognitive function and overall brain health. Their blends contain a variety of ingredients that are carefully chosen for their cognitive-boosting properties, and offer numerous health benefits. Here are some of the health benefits of Thesis Nootropics:

• Increased cognitive energy : One of the key benefits of Thesis Nootropics is increased cognitive energy, which can help improve productivity, mental alertness, and motivation, as it contains cognizin .
• Enhanced mental clarity : Another benefit of Thesis Nootropics is enhanced mental clarity,given from Lion’s Mane Mushroom which can help reduce brain fog and improve focus.
• Improved memory and learning abilities : Thesis Nootropics contains ingredients that are believed to improve memory and learning abilities, like Phosphatidylserine , which can help users retain information more effectively.
• Elevated mood : Thesis Nootropics may help elevate mood and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression, thanks to ingredients like L-Theanine and Ashwagandha .
• Lowered stress levels : The adaptogenic herbs in Thesis Nootropics, such as Rhodiola Rosea and Ashwagandha , are known for their ability to lower stress levels and promote relaxation.
• Boosted focus : Thesis Nootropics contains ingredients like Alpha-GPC and Artichoke extract , which are believed to boost focus and concentration.

While Thesis Nootropics offers numerous health benefits, it’s important to note that the long-term effects of nootropics are not yet fully understood and more research is needed.

3 Thesis Nootropics Bestsellers

Thesis energy review.

If you’re constantly struggling to keep up with the demands of your busy life, it might be time to try a natural energy booster like Thesis Energy. This powerful nootropic blend is specifically designed to increase energy, overcome fatigue, and build mental stamina.

Thesis Energy is caffeine-free, making it a great option for those who are sensitive to caffeine or looking for a natural alternative to traditional energy drinks. The Energy formulation is designed to help improve focus and mental clarity, increase cognitive energy, and reduce fatigue. Whether you’re facing a busy day at work, recovering after a night of poor sleep, or gearing up for an intense workout, Thesis Energy can help you power through.

Each ingredient in Thesis Energy is carefully chosen for its energy-boosting properties. The specific ingredients can vary depending on your needs, but they work together to help increase energy, improve mental clarity, and reduce fatigue.

To get the most out of Thesis Energy, take it every morning on an empty stomach. You can also take it again after lunch if you need an extra boost. It’s designed to help you tackle busy, hectic days, recover from poor sleep, and power through intense workouts.

If you’re tired of relying on coffee and energy drinks to get through the day, it might be time to give Thesis Energy a try. Check availability and start boosting your energy naturally today!

Thesis Creativity

If you’re someone who struggles with creativity or finds yourself feeling stuck in your creative endeavors, Thesis Creativity may be worth considering. This nootropic supplement is designed to help spark inspiration, enhance verbal fluency, and boost confidence in your own great ideas.

So what’s in Thesis Creativity? The ingredients may vary depending on your specific needs, but these ingredients work together to support stress management, memory function, mood regulation, and energy production.

By supporting stress management, memory function, and mood regulation, Thesis Creativity can help free up mental space for more creative thinking. Additionally, the caffeine and L-theanine combo can provide a boost of energy and focus without the jitters and crash that can come with caffeine alone.

To get the most out of Thesis Creativity, it is recommended to take it every morning on an empty stomach and again after lunch if you need an extra boost. This nootropic blend is particularly helpful for brainstorming and creative thinking, writing and creative projects, and public speaking and social situations.

As with any nootropic supplement, it’s important to note that the long-term effects of Thesis Creativity are not yet fully understood and more research is needed. It’s always a good idea to speak with a healthcare professional before adding any new supplements to your routine.

In summary, if you’re looking for a little extra help in the creativity department, Thesis Creativity may be a valuable addition to your nootropic lineup. Its unique blend of ingredients can help support mental clarity, mood regulation, and energy production, making it a valuable tool for any creative individual.

Thesis Logic

If you’ve been having trouble with your memory lately, such as forgetting what you had for lunch yesterday or struggling to recall common words, then Thesis Logic may be just what you need. This formula is designed to help enhance your processing speed, boost your memory, and deepen your thinking.

Thesis Logic is caffeine-free, making it a great option for those who are sensitive to caffeine. The formula is ideal for use during deep, focused work, complex problem-solving, research projects, and completing tedious tasks.

Taking Thesis Logic is easy – simply take it every morning on an empty stomach, and take it again after lunch if you need an extra boost. By incorporating Thesis Logic into your daily routine, you may notice improvements in your cognitive function and overall mental performance.

Who Is Thesis Nootropics For? 

Thesis nootropics are designed for a number of different specific needs, including anyone who wants to focus better, have more energy, and maintain mental clarity. All in all, the products are specifically formulated to improve day to day life and target your specific needs .

Thesis Nootropics Side Effects

While Thesis nootropics are designed to enhance cognitive performance and provide a range of benefits, it’s important to be aware of the potential side effects that can occur. As with any supplement, individual reactions can vary, and some people may experience side effects while others may not.

Some of the potential side effects of Thesis nootropics include:

• Insomnia : Some nootropics contain caffeine or other stimulants that can disrupt sleep patterns and lead to difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.
• Blurry vision : Certain nootropics, such as those containing alpha GPC, have been linked to temporary blurry vision.
• High blood pressure : Stimulant-based nootropics can increase blood pressure, which can be dangerous for people with hypertension or other heart conditions.
• Fast heart rate : Similarly, stimulants can also increase heart rate, leading to palpitations or a rapid pulse.
• Circulation problem s: Certain nootropics, such as vinpocetine, can affect blood flow and circulation, leading to issues like dizziness, nausea, or headaches.
• Addiction : Some nootropics, such as those containing racetams, have been associated with the potential for addiction or dependence if used long-term.

It’s important to remember that not all nootropics will produce these side effects, and the severity of any reactions will depend on individual factors such as dosage, duration of use, and underlying health conditions. However, it’s always wise to discuss any potential risks with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen.

Additionally, it’s important to follow dosage instructions carefully and not to exceed recommended amounts, as this can increase the risk of side effects. By being mindful of potential risks and using nootropics responsibly, users can reap the benefits of these supplements without experiencing adverse effects.

Thesis Nootropics Reviews: What Do Customers Think?

At this point in our Thesis nootropics review, it’s time to turn to what customers are saying. So, we sourced testimonials from the brand’s website, Reddit, and ZenMasterWellness. And spoiler alert, the Thesis nootropics reviews we came across have nothing but good things to say.

On takethesis.com , the brand earns 4.4/5 stars out of 7,956 reviews. One patron describes their particular blend as the perfect alternative to prescription meds :

“ I have been off stimulants for months now and these formulas are far superior. My husband and daughter both noticed the change and said I have been more productive, focused, less anxious, and more “thinking outside the box”. I have tried for years to get off stims and nothing would work .”

On Reddit, many reviewers share similar sentiments about how effective the products are. One buyer shares that they tried tons of different nootropics on the market, and Thesis stands out amongst the crowd . 

On ZenMasterWellness, one reviewer states that their blend provided the exact results they were looking for :

“ They offer notable improvements to how well I’m able to focus, stay on task, and grind when it’s time to grind. In practice, this usually looks like a clearer mind and an improved ability to just… chill. With the Clarity and Creativity blends, in particular, I just feel leveled out .”

Backed by clinical trials and real customer experiences, Thesis stands out in the world of nootropics and supplements. The personalized selections prove effective, while the quality ingredients live up to expectations. 

Is Thesis Nootropics Legit?

If you’re wondering if this brand offers products that are too good to be true, this Thesis nootropics review is here to say that it is the real deal .

The brand is backed by numerous clinical trials, which highlight how 86% of customers reported improvements in a wide range of cognitive challenges, while 89% noticed an improvement in their ability to reduce stress and maintain energy.

Is Thesis Nootropics Worth It?

Thesis is an appealing choice in the world of nootropics because it provides a completely customized selection based on your needs and goals. Plus, the ingredients are potent and ensure the best effects—and you only end up paying for the benefits you actually need.

With that in mind, this Thesis nootropics review deems the brand worth the try.

Alternatives

Here are some alternatives to Thesis Nootropics that you might find interesting:

• Mind Lab Pro – This nootropic supplement is designed to improve cognitive function and mental performance. It contains 11 ingredients that work together to enhance memory, focus, and overall brain health.
• Thorne Supplements : If you’re looking for high-quality, science-based supplements, Thorne is a great choice. Their products are designed with the latest research in mind and are rigorously tested for quality and purity. Some of their popular offerings include multivitamins, protein powders, and omega-3 supplements.
• WeAreFeel Supplements : WeAreFeel is a supplement brand that offers a variety of products designed to support different aspects of your health. Their supplements are vegan-friendly and free from artificial colors, flavors, and preservatives. Some of their popular offerings include multivitamins, probiotics, and omega-3 supplements.
• Neuro Gum : If you’re looking for a quick and easy way to boost your focus and energy levels, Neuro Gum is a great option. This gum is infused with caffeine and other natural ingredients that can help improve mental clarity and alertness. Plus, it’s sugar-free and comes in a variety of delicious flavors.
• Neuriva Plus : Neuriva Plus is a brain supplement that’s designed to improve memory, focus, and cognitive performance. It contains a blend of natural ingredients, including coffee fruit extract and phosphatidylserine, that have been shown to support brain health. If you’re looking for a natural way to boost your cognitive function, Neuriva Plus is worth considering.

Thesis Nootropics Promotions & Discounts 

There aren’t currently any Thesis promos or discounts available. That being said, if you subscribe for recurring shipments of your recommended products, you’ll save $40 monthly .

Where to Buy Thesis Nootropics

At the time of this Thesis nootropics review, the products are exclusively available on the brand’s website, takethesis.com .

Is Thesis Nootropics vegan?  

Thesis nootropics are made with only vegan ingredients . That being said, while the brand has taken precautions to protect against cross contamination, the products are not certified vegan.

Is Thesis Nootropics gluten-free? 

On top of being vegan, Thesis products are made without gluten, eggs, or nuts . Again, while the brand strives to protect users against cross contamination, the products are not certified gluten free. 

What is Thesis Nootropics’ Shipping Policy?

If you’re anxiously awaiting your order from this Thesis nootropics review, you’ll be happy to hear that the company offers speedy shipping, sending orders out within 1 business day. After that, packages should arrive within only 1-3 business days . Costs are calculated at checkout.

At this time, Thesis is not able to offer international shipping. This Thesis nootropics review recommends following the brand on social media and signing up for the newsletter to stay up to date with shipping policies. 

What is Thesis Nootropics’ Return Policy?

If you find that your Thesis formula isn’t working out, the company requests that you contact them to make changes and adjustments to ensure you are able to receive the proper help.

If you would still like to make a return, follow these simple steps for a refund:

• Submit your refund request
• Ship the items back within 30 days of the original delivery
• Send an email with your tracking number to the brand
• Return any remaining product in their original packaging to: 

Thesis Returns 902 Broadway

6th Floor New York, NY 

Once your return has been received, a refund will be processed and email confirmation will be sent. It’s also important to note that the brand can only refund one month’s supply per customer and return shipping is the customer’s responsibility. 

How to Contact Thesis Nootropics

We hope you enjoyed this Thesis nootropics review! If you have any further questions about the brand or its products, you can contact them using the following methods:

• Call 1 (646) 647-3599
• Email [email protected]

902 Broadway Floor 6 New York, NY 10010

If you’re looking for other ways to boost your productivity via supplements, check out these other brands we’ve reviewed:

Thorne Supplements Review

WeAreFeel Supplements Review

Neuro Gum Review

Neuriva Plus Review

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Thesis Nootropics Review

Thesis has a range of targeted nootropics you can combine to optimize your results. our team will help you decide which ones are right for you..

Daniel is a senior editor and writer at Innerbody Research. After receiving his bachelor’s degree in writing, he attended post-graduate studies at George Mason University and pursued a career in nutritional science.

Dr. Segar is a cardiology fellow at the Texas Heart Institute and a member of Innerbody Research's Medical Review Board.

In this Review

Nootropics in general offer the potential to improve cognitive abilities and regulate mood without the need for a prescription. And while more research is necessary, current data suggests that they consist of ingredients that are generally safe and effective for healthy adults. 35 However, Thesis isn’t the only provider of high-quality nootropics, nor do they offer especially low prices. In this review, we'll compare and contrast Thesis’ six formulas and see how they stack up against a growing field of competitors.

Our Findings

• You can feel most results within an hour
• Products are third-party-tested for purity
• All options available without stimulants
• Outstanding phone support
• Subscriptions include complimentary wellness coaching
• Free shipping on all orders
• Use code INNERBODY for 10% off your first order
• Somewhat more expensive than competitors
• Up to four large pills per dose

Despite the somewhat high price, we recommend Thesis to anyone looking for a nootropic subscription that can be tailored to their specific needs. The formulas from Thesis provide tangible benefits with minimal ingredients, and each formula is available with or without caffeine. Thesis also offers stellar customer service and delivers their product in individually packed doses you can take just about anywhere.

Special Offer: Take 10% OFF with code INNERBODY

Why you should trust us

Over the past two decades, Innerbody Research has helped tens of millions of readers make more informed decisions about staying healthy and living healthier lifestyles. As nootropics have become more important players in the supplements landscape, we’ve taken a serious look at the key players to see which ones are worthwhile.

Thesis exists in a class of nootropics that combines multiple nootropic ingredients to achieve specific goals. We’ve spent hundreds of hours researching and testing various nootropics, including both individual ingredients and combinations like Thesis offers. In researching Thesis and their competitors, our team has read more than 100 clinical studies examining the efficacy and safety of nootropic ingredients, and we’ve combined all of that knowledge with our experiences to create this review.

If you're curious about our team's experience using Thesis nootropics and wondering how the products will arrive at your door, we made this handy, 5-minute video summarizing those details:

Additionally, like all health-related content on this website, this review was thoroughly vetted by one or more members of our Medical Review Board for accuracy.

How we evaluated Thesis

To evaluate Thesis, we examined the extensive research available on each ingredient the company uses and compared them to a growing marketplace of nootropics, many of which our testing team has tried over the past few years. Specifically, we assessed how effectively Thesis' formulas work, as well as their safety, cost, and the convenience of acquiring and taking them.

Ultimately, we found Thesis to be one of the more reliable companies in terms of product quality and customer care, even if they are among the more expensive nootropic brands. For any nootropic, you’re looking to create a noticeable effect in brain performance, and altering anything to do with that sensitive chemistry likely warrants a fair investment. The bargain bin is not typically where you want to shop for mind-enhancing substances.

We’ll get into a more direct comparison between Thesis and their competitors a little later, and you’ll see that the balance between their price and overall value is quite reasonable. For now, let’s look at each criterion in more detail.

Effectiveness

Nootropic companies have a plethora of ingredients at their fingertips when they formulate their products. Some companies take a modern approach, focusing on the latest research into established Western medicines. Others look to the past, where ancient Chinese and Ayurvedic practices employed various botanicals to achieve cognitive effects. The best companies combine these approaches, using potentially beneficial ingredients that science supports.

Thesis takes this combined approach, employing just under three dozen ingredients from amino acids to ancient herbs across their six products. The company scores highly in effectiveness thanks to the ingredients they choose and the doses they offer for each, making it likely that you can notice their combined effects.

Individual results will vary due to everything from sleep patterns to diet, but most people should find benefits in at least one of Thesis' six formulas. Caffeinated formulas generally have more pronounced effects than stimulant-free versions, but the value of Thesis offering every formula with or without stimulants cannot be overstated.

One minor knock against Thesis is that, unlike some of their competitors, Thesis does not have a nootropic blend designed for improved sleep. Better sleep supports cognition and mood, so some companies offer formulas designed specifically for sleep promotion with ingredients like melatonin. That said, some of Thesis’ formulas contain lion’s mane or Zembrin (a branded form of Sceletium tortuosum that’s been shown to reduce anxiety and promote sleep). 2 3 And the amount of Zembrin used in Thesis’ Creativity and Confidence blends is the exact same amount used in these successful studies — 25mg.

Good nootropics are, unfortunately, a bit expensive. You can find less expensive options than Thesis, but their $79 monthly rate is right in the middle of what the market demands. You could also argue that the ingredient quality, customization options, and overall efficacy Thesis offers make it a superior value to many less expensive alternatives. Still, the price remains a sticking point for some.

Let's compare the monthly and per-dose costs with some of Thesis' closest competition. The prices below reflect subscription savings where available.

Three of the seven competitors included in the chart above are more expensive than Thesis, and another three are no more than $15 less expensive, revealing their generally average cost. Focus Factor — consistently our top budget pick among nootropics — costs much less than others in the field and includes many ingredients with associated clinical research. The downside is that increasing the number of ingredients (even when they seem to work) increases the odds of an adverse reaction.

TruBrain is the only company that truly compares to Thesis from a quality and variety standpoint. Other companies offer only one or two formulas, whereas Thesis and TruBrain each offer several more targeted products. TruBrain allows you to spend just $69 on your first jar when you subscribe — $10 less than Thesis — but that price shoots up to $119 every month after that, making Thesis the superior value.

When we consider the safety of any supplement, we look at available research into individual ingredients and compare those dosages with what the supplement offers. Whenever possible, we also test the product ourselves to observe its effects on us. Additionally, we look for safety standards in manufacturing that can provide added peace of mind, like third-party testing and compliance with the FDA’s Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP).

Thesis manufactures their products in GMP-compliant facilities and has third-party testing performed to assess the purity of each ingredient and formula. And the clinical research involving the lion's share of their ingredients reveals minimal risk profiles with few to no adverse effects reported. That said, ashwagandha isn’t safe for pregnant or breastfeeding individuals, and it can stimulate thyroid activity, so anyone with thyroid concerns (hyper- or hypothyroidism) or on medication to regulate thyroid function should be careful. 36 37

Thesis also limits their formulas to a handful of ingredients, which reduces the likelihood that any one of them would cause an adverse reaction. This is pretty typical of nootropics in Thesis’ class, but less expensive nootropics might try to convince you of their value by stuffing a single blend with several dozen components. That might increase the chances you feel some positive effect, but the side effect risk goes up by the same token.

Convenience

Our convenience rating considers various aspects of a user's experience. It usually starts with the quality of a product's website design and whether or not its pages are easy to navigate. We also consider the presence of subscription systems that make reordering easier and money-back guarantees that protect your investment. A company's customer service is another vital aspect of convenience, especially if you need questions answered. The quality of an FAQ section, the availability of representatives via chat or phone call, and the responsiveness to email inquiries all play a part here.

Our convenience rating is also informed by the steps required to actually take the product. Nootropics often consist of large capsules, and doses can contain anywhere from 1-7 capsules, which is awful for anyone with difficulty taking pills. Smaller capsules, fewer capsules per dose, and simple dosing schedules are ideal. Thesis’ capsule count varies per formula, ranging from 2-4 mid-size capsules you can take 30 minutes before you might want or need their effects.

To summarize some important aspects of nootropic company convenience, let's look at which companies have large capsule counts, good money-back guarantees, and subscription systems.

Thesis also provides a service that few other companies offer: free consultations with in-house nootropic coaches. These experts can help you figure out the best time to take specific Thesis formulas and guide your experience so you can tell whether or not they're working for you. Follow-up consultations are also free as long as you subscribe to the product.

What are nootropics?

Nootropic is a term most people use to refer to any non-prescription supplement that can boost brainpower. 4 The technical definition is a little more nuanced — encompassing prescription medications like Ritalin and Adderall — but the supplement industry has largely co-opted it to categorize the new class of non-prescription products. The word loosely translates from its Greek origins to mean mind-changing, and the majority of ingredients in a given nootropic seek to alter the brain’s cognitive abilities, as well as its governance of mood and energy.

Most nootropic supplements contain botanical ingredients, vitamins, minerals, and amino acids that boast at least some clinical research connecting them with improvements in any of the following:

Compared to their prescription cousins, nootropic supplements aren't particularly strong. Still, limited clinical research indicates a tangible benefit to taking them.

What is Thesis?

Thesis is a supplement company with a focus on nootropics. Their founders each had experiences growing up with what would today be considered learning disabilities, and they credit nootropics for changing their lives. They make six distinct nootropic formulas, each with a specific ingredient profile.

Thesis differentiates themselves from their competitors in several critical ways:

• They offer a starter kit containing a personalized combination of four blends.
• You have the option to remove caffeine by request from any formula.
• They provide some of the best phone support we've ever experienced.
• Their targeted formulas conform to changing needs.

By providing you with a mix of formulas, Thesis gives you the ability to enhance the aspects of your cognitive and emotional life that need it the most on any given day. Maybe you know you have low energy levels on Mondays and Wednesdays, so you can take the Energy formula on those days. Maybe you want to devote your weekends to artistic pursuits. You can use the Creativity blend for that. Or you might find that one of their six blends works well for you in any situation. In that case, you can adjust your order to receive only that formula.

Thesis' customer service — particularly over the phone — is outstanding. While many customers might find chat support more convenient, our testers rarely waited more than a minute to speak to someone, and Thesis employs phone operators who are extraordinarily knowledgeable about the product and nootropics in general. Their email support is fine, and their chat support often redirects to an email inquiry. But that phone support is some of the best our testing team has experienced.

Is Thesis safe?

Most of the ingredients that Thesis uses in their nootropics exhibit minimal side effects in clinical research, so there’s a good chance that Thesis' various formulas will be safe for most people. But Thesis has nearly three dozen ingredients in their catalog, and not all of them will be safe for all users, including those who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Of course, the most important thing you can do is talk to your doctor before taking Thesis.

The most common side effects to watch out for when you start taking Thesis nootropics include:

• Loss of appetite
• Digestive issues

Thesis advises discontinuing their nootropics if you experience persistent headaches or an upset stomach.

Some Thesis products may present contraindications with certain prescription medicines. For example, ashwagandha has been shown to normalize thyroid hormone levels in people with hypothyroidism. 5 This has led some to believe that it could conversely cause thyrotoxicity in people with hyperthyroidism, though it’s worth noting that the study in question employed double the highest ashwagandha dose you’ll find in Thesis nootropics — the study used 600mg, and the ashwagandha dose in Thesis’ Creativity is 300mg.

Still, this should make abundantly clear the case for speaking with your doctor prior to taking Thesis. This is especially true considering the lack of research into the specific ingredient combinations you’ll find in Thesis products. There is also very little research looking into the risks of combining nootropic supplements with prescription stimulants such as Ritalin, Adderall, or Vyvanse.

Some side effects, such as jitteriness, can be attributed to the caffeine in Thesis formulas. The fact that you can elect to remove caffeine from any formula expands the company’s reach to anyone with caffeine sensitivities and those who really don’t want to give up their morning cup of coffee. If you want caffeine in your Thesis formula, we recommend trying it without having had any coffee first, so you can see how it affects you.

Insider Tip: If you’re not sure whether to get your formula with or without caffeine, we recommend getting it with caffeine. Thesis isolates the included caffeine in a single capsule separate from other ingredients. Caffeinated formulas cost the same as uncaffeinated ones, and you can always elect not to take the caffeine capsule (the smallest capsule in any formula, containing a white powder).

What are the ingredients in Thesis?

Thesis uses an impressive set of ingredients, many of which have been part of respectable clinical research. Not all of the effects they hope these ingredients provide have been proven with sufficient statistical significance or over multiple studies in different populations, but what we do know strongly suggests efficacy.

Here's a look at several Thesis ingredients that have encouraging research behind them:

Several studies on mice show that dihydrohonokiol-B (DHH-B) has potent anxiolytic effects. 6 That means it may be able to help combat anxiety. However, we can’t say this for sure since there haven’t been any studies conducted on humans yet, so any potential benefits are speculative at this time. 25 Converting the successful dose used in mice (1mg) to the equivalent human amount (4.86 mg) is about half the amount used in Thesis’ Confidence (10mg). 6

In numerous studies, ashwagandha has been shown to reduce stress and anxiety. 32 Thesis uses a branded KSM-66 ashwagandha, which has a high standardized count of withanolides — the component of ashwagandha responsible for its positive effects. 33 This ensures both efficacy and consistency from doses that align with those used in successful studies.

While every formula is different, you'll notice that each contains caffeine and L-theanine. The nootropic properties of caffeine are well established. 19 L-theanine — a non-stimulant derived from green tea — has been shown to smooth out the jittery effects of caffeine. You can easily have caffeine removed from any Thesis formula for no extra cost, which is unique in the nootropic market. The L-theanine will remain, as it has its own set of cognitive benefits in addition to its ability to tame caffeine. 20

Saffron offers multiple benefits, including increased levels of dopamine and glutamate, that are dose-dependent. Human studies have also shown positive effects on depression symptoms. Thesis’ Confidence uses 28mg, which is 2mg less than what was used in many of the studies on saffron’s antidepressant effects. However, one study did find success with as little as 15mg. 7

A review of more than 120 scientific articles looking into the cognitive effects of phosphatidylserine concluded that it “safely slows, halts, or reverses biochemical alterations and structural deterioration in nerve cells.” The study goes on to say that it “supports human cognitive functions, including the formation of short-term memory, the consolidation of long-term memory, the ability to create new memories, the ability to retrieve memories, the ability to learn and recall information, the ability to focus attention and concentrate, the ability to reason and solve problems, language skills, and the ability to communicate.” 34

Derived from a South African plant, Zembrin appears to provide cognitive and anti-anxiety effects as demonstrated in clinical studies on human participants that used the same 25mg dose found in Thesis Creativity and Confidence. 8

Synapsa is a patented form of Bacopa extract, a traditional Ayurvedic memory enhancer. Studies on humans resulted in statistically significant improvements in cognitive tests. The study used 150mg twice daily (300mg total), which is only 20mg less than the 320mg used in Thesis’ Logic. 9

7,8 DHF is a small molecular TrkB agonist that can easily cross the blood-brain barrier. It can increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that improves neuroplasticity, learning, and memory. BDNF deficiencies are connected to numerous cognitive ailments as well. However, no human studies have been conducted. 26 In mice, 7,8 DHF appears to enhance spatial memory. When converting the effective dose for mice to humans, Thesis’ Clarity offers roughly 6mg more (about 24mg compared to Thesis’ 30mg). 27

Choline is a precursor to acetylcholine, a powerful neurotransmitter in the peripheral, autonomic, and enteric nervous systems. 10 One study on older adult human participants found that taking 187-399mg per day of choline reduced the risk of low cognitive functioning by nearly 50% compared to an intake under 187mg per day. 28 The CDP choline content in Thesis’ Energy is 300mg.

A 2010 clinical study on 485 older adult (over 55 years old) subjects found that 900mg per day of DHA improved memory and learning in those with age-related cognitive decline. 11 And another study in healthy adults 18-90 years old found that 580mg per day helped improve memory. 29 Unfortunately, the amounts used in many studies to improve cognitive function are quite a bit more than the 200mg (which is DHA and L-lysine combined) found in Thesis’ Logic.

Like choline, Alpha-GPC acts as an effective acetylcholine precursor. Studies also show that supplementation with Alpha-GPC can stave off exercise-induced reductions in choline levels. The effective amount used in the mentioned study is 200mg, which is less than half of what you’ll find in Thesis’ Clarity (500mg). 12

In addition to being an effective treatment for neuropathic pain, agmatine appears to have potent effects as an antidepressant. A five-year safety case report study concluded that there are no long-term side effect risks. Thesis’ Creativity only contains 250mg, which is well below the amount tolerated by study participants (2.67g per day). 13

Research into epicatechin indicates that it can enhance cerebral blood flow, delivering more oxygen to the brain to ensure it operates at its highest efficiency. The most effective dose for cognitive benefits appears to be over 50mg per day, and Thesis’ Clarity contains 278mg. 14

Lion's mane has been shown to increase nerve growth factor and promote neurite outgrowth of specific neural cells. It's a safe and reliable neurotrophic, but studies have debunked claims of neuroprotective properties. 15 A very small study of only 41 participants found that 1.8g of Lion’s mane may reduce stress and improve cognitive performance. 30 Thesis’ Clarity contains 500mg of Lion’s mane.

Hyperphenylalaninemia, a severe deficiency in phenylalanine, results in reduced dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline levels in the brain. 16 It can also alter cerebral myelin and protein synthesis. Supplementing with phenylalanine may provide neuroprotective benefits.

In a 2020 study, phenylalanine was a large component in a mix of seven amino acids that appeared to improve cognitive, psychological, and social functioning in middle-aged and older adults. Effective doses ranged from 0.85g to 1.7g of phenylalanine. A serving of Thesis’ Motivation contains 500mg, a bit under half of the average amount. 31

Examining the six formulas

Thesis has six nootropic formulas in their lineup (even though you can only choose up to four of them per box). Several other nootropic companies like TruBrain and BrainMD boast targeted lineups, as well, but Thesis is the Goldilocks of the bunch. Where BrainMD’s hyper-specific formulas rely on perhaps too few ingredients to make them worthwhile, many of TruBrain’s complex blends lack real specificity. With Thesis, you get targeted effects from numerous ingredients in moderately complex and reasonably priced combinations.

Each Thesis formula has a blend of ingredients that addresses specific needs. Their names give you a pretty big clue as to what the company intends each to do, but a closer look at their ingredients will help you understand how they achieve this.

Their formulas are:

Interestingly, the company thinks of its formulas as working well in pairs. You don't have to utilize them as such, but it's helpful to know how they view their most effective combinations. The following list details their purported combined benefits.

Enhances focus, eliminates brain fog, and lets thoughts flow naturally

Gets you going, keeps you going, and never crashes

Sparks new ideas, inspires extroversion, and revels in openness

You'll usually only take one formula at a time, but these pairs may act synergistically for specific personality types or cognitive needs.

Note that your first shipment of Thesis will contain six individually packed doses for four of these six formulas. Thesis chooses these formulas for you based on the results of an intake questionnaire, but you can make adjustments to that shipment on the customer dashboard before the shipment leaves their warehouse.

Let's take a closer look at each formula as they would appear with caffeine included.

Thesis Clarity

Thesis Clarity relies on 7,8 DHF (dihydroxyflavone), Alpha GPC (glycerylphosphorylcholine), epicatechin, and lion's mane to increase blood flow to the brain and stimulate the production of acetylcholine, a powerful neurotransmitter associated with learning, memory, and attention. It's particularly adept at cutting through brain fog.

Here's a look at Clarity's full ingredients list:

• Alpha GPC: 500mg
• Lion's Mane Mushroom: 500mg
• Camellia sinensis tea leaf: 278mg
• Dihydroxyflavone: 30mg
• Caffeine: 100mg
• L-Theanine: 200mg

One dose of Clarity consists of four capsules for the caffeinated formula and three capsules for the stimulant-free formula.

Thesis Logic

Thesis Logic contains triacetyluridine (TAU), which caters to the health of the entire central nervous system. It also uses phosphatidylserine to help facilitate communication between and protection of brain cells. 17

This is Logic’s complete ingredients list:

• Ginkgo Biloba: 160mg
• Theobromine: 100mg
• Phosphatidylserine: 400mg
• High DHA Algae: 200mg
• Triacetyluridine: 30mg
• Bacopa Monnieri: 320mg

One dose of Logic consists of four capsules for the caffeinated formula and three capsules for the stimulant-free formula.

Thesis Energy

Thesis Energy uses cysteine and tyrosine alongside caffeine to deliver a steady energy supply. It also includes TeaCrine, a branded form of theacrine, which partners with caffeine to affect adenosine signaling and prevent fatigue.

Here’s a full list of Energy’s ingredients:

• Citicoline: 300mg
• Mango leaf: 300mg
• Theacrine: 100mg
• N-Acetyl cysteine: 500mg
• Indian trumpet tree: 100mg
• N-Acetyl L-tyrosine: 300mg

One dose of Energy consists of three capsules for the caffeinated formula and two capsules for the stimulant-free formula.

Thesis Motivation

Blood flow and cellular function are at the core of Thesis Motivation . It employs artichoke extract, forskolin, and B12 to achieve these goals, with a healthy dose of phenylalanine for added focus and motivation.

Here's Motivation's full ingredients list:

• L-Phenylalanine: 500mg
• Methylliberine: 100mg
• Vitamin B12: 1000mcg
• Forskolin: 250mg
• Artichoke: 450mg

One dose of Motivation consists of three capsules for the caffeinated formula and two capsules for the stimulant-free formula.

Thesis Creativity

Thesis Creativity aims to realign you with your inspiration by removing barriers caused by stress, anxiety, and depression. It contains ingredients with powerful anxiolytic properties and 5-HT reuptake inhibition.

Here's a look at Creativity’s ingredients list:

• Alpha GPC: 150mg
• Agmatine sulfate: 250mg
• Panax ginseng: 200mg
• Ashwagandha root: 300mg
• Sceletium tortuosum : 25mg

One dose of Creativity consists of three capsules for the caffeinated formula and two capsules for the stimulant-free formula.

Thesis Confidence

Confidence is designed to work hand-in-hand with Creativity, using saffron and DHH-B from magnolia bark to increase dopamine levels and decrease anxiety. One fascinating ingredient in this formula is sage extract, which one 2021 study showed can help with various memory tasks, including name and face recognition. 18 It’s worth noting, though, that this study employed a 600mg dose compared to Thesis’ 333mg dose.

Here is Confidence's complete ingredients list:

• Saffron: 28mg
• Magnesium bisglycinate: 500mg
• Sage: 333mg
• Magnolia Bark: 10mg
• Ashwagandha leaf & root: 120mg

One dose of Confidence consists of three capsules for the caffeinated formula and two capsules for the stimulant-free formula.

Our Thesis testing results

Our testing team has tried every Thesis formula (with and without caffeine) to determine their short- and long-term efficacy, at least at an anecdotal level. Here’s a quick summary of our experiences:

Clarity provided our testers with a combined sense of focus and mental ease, though we mostly found that it worked best from its second day forward. The very first dose is mildly effective, but it served us better as a loading dose. We had no crash from either caffeinated or uncaffeinated formulas.

Our testers found that Logic provided a similar experience as Clarity, increasing focus and mental acuity, but the caffeinated formula caused a crash in two of our testers. By excluding the caffeine, that crash can be avoided, though that comes at the expense of some efficacy.

We were very curious about how this formula would perform without the caffeine. Our testers had a noticeable increase in energy without jitteriness about one hour after taking Energy. The caffeinated version caused the worst crash of all the formulas, but we were pleased to find that the formula without caffeine still provided noticeable energy increases without a crash.

Our testers are generally a pretty motivated bunch, so we might not have been the best group to evaluate this particular formula. The testers who felt an uptick in a sense of motivation described it more like a feeling of being able to follow through on tasks with less distraction and completion anxiety.

Creativity, like Clarity, seemed to work better for our testers on its second and third days than on its first. Testers generally described a sensation similar to Motivation but without the feeling of being “on rails,” as one tester put it. It seems to allow for more curiosity and exploration, though not necessarily as much follow-through.

This is Thesis’ newest formula, so fewer of our testers have tried it. Among those who have, one tester with a mild case of social anxiety described feeling a bit more relaxed among groups of people. Testers preferred this formula without caffeine.

Thesis pricing, shipping, and returns

Thesis keeps their price structure decidedly simple. This is refreshing, considering the range of nootropics they offer. You don't have to worry about one formula costing you more than another. However, Thesis doesn't make a non-subscription approach economically feasible.

Every Thesis shipment — including the starter pack — consists of four small boxes, each containing six doses of a single formula. That’s 24 doses/month.

Here's how it works:

• Any one-time purchase of a one-month supply, including the starter kit, costs $119.
• When you subscribe, that monthly cost is only $79.
• You can take an extra 10% off your first order with the coupon code INNERBODY

Subscriptions require an account with Thesis, which gives you access to a well-designed customer dashboard. This is where you can easily make formula adjustments, alter your shipping schedule, or cancel your subscription entirely.

Shipping from Thesis is free in the U.S., and the company offers a 30-day money-back guarantee. In our testing experience, we attempted a return on a second shipment into the subscription. While it isn’t the company’s policy to do so, they refunded our money and let us keep the product. This is similar to some other “Keep it” guarantees we’ve seen from competitors, and we appreciated it.

Getting started with Thesis Nootropics

Thesis' website is easy to navigate, but it is inconvenient that you must complete the signup questionnaire before accessing formula-specific pages. There are ways around this — like direct searching or just knowing the formula URLs — but we think reviewing formulas should be a little easier when you first get to the site. And you won’t be able to place an order for anything until you complete the questionnaire.

The user interface for managing your subscription is exceptionally intuitive. You can quickly adjust your formula combinations, specifying whether or not you want specific formulas to contain caffeine.

Setting up a subscription with Thesis is a straightforward process. Here are the basic steps:

• Take the Thesis quiz . This will create a starter kit specific to your results. (You can also build a box from scratch if you know which formulas you want to try.)
• Order your starter kit. We recommend going with the kit Thesis creates after your quiz, but if you change your mind, you can use the customer portal after placing your order to make any changes to the formula combination before it ships.
• Set up a coaching consultation. This is an optional step, but we recommend it and encourage you to have your first consultation before your kit arrives.
• Take your nootropics as needed. Most people can experience some of Thesis nootropics' benefits within a few hours of ingestion. Some ingredients and formulas may take a few days to produce results.
• Refine your order. As you near the end of your first month, you can head over to the Thesis website and customize your next order to include the formula or formulas you like most.
• Set up follow-up consultations as needed. These will help you refine your future orders and maximize your results.

When you subscribe to the starter kit, you will continue receiving that kit every month until you customize your order. Thesis divides their boxes into four six-dose supplies, and you can mix and match those supplies to suit your needs. For example, you could boost energy on the weekdays and creativity on the weekends by getting a one-month supply with 18 servings of Energy in three packages and six servings of Creativity in a single package.

Personalized insights and coaching

When you take the quiz on the Thesis website, you'll get personalized insights comparing your results to other quiz-takers and a data set developed from nearly 500 scientific studies. The parameters in your results cover don’t completely line up with their formulas, but they include:

These results inform the system to make recommendations for your starter kit. After you order, you can set up a consultation with a Thesis coach. These consultations are free, and you can have as many follow-up sessions as you like. Other companies have apps or online resources like blogs or courses to help you on your nootropic journey, but Thesis’ personalized coaching offers a unique approach and execution.

Consultation calls last around 15 minutes, though some of our testers had their sessions go longer as their coaches' schedules allowed. We received best practices information about taking nootropics that covered dose timing, formula application, and more. Some of our testers also received diet and exercise advice that coincided with their formulas.

Alternatives to Thesis

There are generally two tiers of products in the nootropics landscape. The lower tier consists of products that cost between $20 and $40. Many of these nootropics contain proprietary blends that obscure the exact quantities of ingredients, presumably so companies can use more of the least expensive components. Some companies in this tier disclose their ingredient quantities but may not source them from the highest quality suppliers or perform third-party testing of any kind.

Top brands in this tier include:

• Onnit Alpha BRAIN
• Moon Juice Brain Dust
• Focus Factor

The second tier — where you'll find Thesis — consists of more expensive nootropics that spell their contents out clearly, use high-quality ingredients, and often perform third-party testing to ensure safety and potency. Top brands in this tier include:

• Qualia Mind

Hunter Focus

We have a comprehensive breakdown of our top nootropics , but here's a concise breakdown of Thesis' most comparable competition.

TruBrain offers one of the widest varieties of nootropics of any company — one of the few catalogs that rivals the variety Thesis offers. They also have some novel and beneficial delivery methods for their nootropic ingredients. Those include energy bars and liquid shots that are outstanding for anyone with difficulty swallowing pills.

TruBrain offers their nootropics in a targeted fashion, not unlike what you get from Thesis. They formerly offered their targeted blends in shot form only, but now you can get any of these targeted blends in capsule or liquid shot form. The shots come in small 1oz pouches that make them easy to take anywhere.

TruBrain's targeted blends include:

This is TruBrain's original blend. It contains seven nootropics, including Noopept, a branded form of N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester. This blend is caffeine-free.

The Strong blend is identical to the Medium formulation in contents and doses, but it also contains 100mg of caffeine.

The Extra Strong formula builds on the Strong blend by adding 150mg of adrafinil (2-(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl-N-hydroxyacetamide). 21 This wakefulness-promoting substance may also help with weight loss and athletic performance.

TruBrain's Sleep formula contains just four nootropic ingredients: GABA, melatonin, 5-HTP, and a blend that TruBrain calls "functional oils."

Mellow is identical to the medium strength formula, but it adds the functional oil combination used in Sleep.

This formula contains Lion's mane, a mushroom that may promote neural growth , though human studies are necessary to determine if this is true. 22 Its other nootropic ingredients are rhodiola, guayusa, and rosehips.

A 30-day supply of TruBrain nootropic shots costs $89. That's $10 more than the subscription cost for a one-month supply of Thesis. Some of their shots contain caffeine, and others don't. If it already contains caffeine, there's no way to alter a TruBrain formula to be stimulant-free.

The first month of TruBrain capsules costs a bit less, coming in at $69. After your first month, however, the price goes up to $119. That makes Thesis the better value, but if you want the best possible nootropics for sleep support, it might be worth the extra money to check out TruBrain.

Qualia Mind is a brand under the Neurohacker Collective, a company that offers several products to address things like sleep quality, skin health, and vision. They have three nootropics available:

• Qualia Mind Caffeine-Free
• Qualia Mind Focus

Their original blend is comprehensive, consisting of nearly 30 ingredients in high doses. That means it's liable to provide you with noticeable effects. It also means you might not know which of those effects are coming from which ingredients, and some of the less beneficial components in your body may also have side effects you'd rather avoid.

The caffeine-free version is identical to the original formula but leaves the caffeine out. Qualia Focus is a more streamlined offering with only seven nootropic ingredients, including caffeine, L-theanine, and L-ornithine. 23

Initial shipments from Qualia Mind are significantly discounted, but after the first month, the price makes theirs one of the most expensive nootropics we've tested. For example, the first month of a subscription to Qualia Mind costs just $39. After that, it costs $139/month. And a one-time purchase is $159.

One inconvenient aspect of Qualia Mind is that a single dose consists of seven capsules, which can get tiresome even for people who don't have trouble swallowing pills. On the bright side, Qualia's 100-day money-back guarantee allows you to try it for a little over three months to determine if you can handle that kind of daily dosing.

Hunter Focus is one of three supplements in the Hunter stack alongside the company's Test and Burn supplements. The stack is intended for male use — Test is a testosterone supplement — but Focus and Burn are suitable for men and women.

Like Qualia Mind, Focus has a long list of ingredients in generous doses. In fact, one serving of Hunter Focus is like taking all six of Thesis' formulas at once. That said, the serving itself is difficult to swallow, as it consists of six large pills.

Another knock on Hunter is that they don't offer a subscription system. That means you can't get an extra discount, and you must remember to reorder when you're running low (theoretically, a nootropic like this should boost your memory). There's also no money-back guarantee to speak of, only a return policy with a relatively short window that only applies to unopened products.

One bottle of Hunter Focus costs $90, and shipping is $8.95 unless you buy more than one bottle at a time. The company will throw a fourth in for free if you buy three bottles at once. That's the only way to get any savings through Hunter.

Individual nootropic components

Many companies offer combinations of nootropic ingredients to perform specific brain-related tasks or even provide globally positive cognitive benefits. However, the scientific research behind most of these ingredients almost always includes just one rather than a combination. Some people prefer to try one at a time to minimize the potential for side effects and determine if one particular ingredient works for them. A few companies offer single-ingredient nootropic supplements for this specific purpose.

Our favorite company dealing in individual nootropic components is Nootropics Depot. They offer a wide variety of single-ingredient supplements and a few targeted blends. The prices are generally fair, with an average range running from $16-$70. A 30-day money-back guarantee covers every purchase, and you get free shipping on orders over $50.

Nootropics FAQ

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Specific nootropics affect different parts of the brain in their own ways. Some — like caffeine — reduce fatigue by blocking adenosine receptors, while others act to protect neural connections that are already present while possibly contributing to new neural growth. 24 Some also mitigate depression and anxiety, which frees up the brain to perform at its best.

Are nootropics safe?

The safety of a nootropic depends on the specific ingredients involved. Many are perfectly safe in the doses commonly employed by nootropic companies, but some can cause reactions like increased heart rate, gastrointestinal discomfort, headache, and even tremors. The smartest thing to do is to talk to your doctor before introducing any new supplement to your regimen.

Do nootropics really work?

Many nootropic supplements are noticeably effective — caffeine is a great example. Efficacy varies depending on the specific component or combination. Fortunately, a lot of companies offer money-back guarantees, so you can try their products to see if they work for you without much financial risk.

Will nootropics make me smarter?

Nootropics won't necessarily make you smarter, but many can increase your alertness, improve short-term recall, and promote neural growth and protection. That creates a great environment for learning if you apply yourself while using nootropics, and many ingredients can help you with the motivation it takes to do so.

How do you pronounce nootropics?

The 'noo' in nootropics comes from the Greek nous , which philosophers use to mean mind or intelligence. The 'tropic' in nootropic comes from the Greek tropikos , which relates to turning or changing. So, nootropic roughly translates to mind-changing. You pronounce the 'noo' like 'new' and the 'tropic' with a long O sound, like 'toe pick.'

Innerbody uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.

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Ashe, K., Kelso, W., Farrand, S., Panetta, J., Fazio, T., De Jong, G., & Walterfang, M. (2019). Psychiatric and Cognitive Aspects of Phenylketonuria: The Limitations of Diet and Promise of New Treatments . Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10 , 434708.

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Hidese, S., Ogawa, S., Ota, M., Ishida, I., Yasukawa, Z., Ozeki, M., & Kunugi, H. (2019). Effects of L-Theanine Administration on Stress-Related Symptoms and Cognitive Functions in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial . Nutrients, 11 (10), 2362.

Lowe, D.W., Dobson, E., Jewett, A.G., Whisler, E.E. (2021). Adrafinil: Psychostimulant and Purported Nootropic? The American Journal of Psychiatry Residents’ Journal, 17 (1).

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Home Lifestyle Curious About Brain Optimization? Thesis Nootropics May Be Your In

Curious About Brain Optimization? Thesis Nootropics May Be Your In

• By Will Price & Rebekah Harding
• April 19, 2024

Our product picks are editor-tested, expert-approved. We may earn a commission through links on our site. 

E ver feel like you have the ability but not the willpower or inspiration to excel at your job? Or maybe you’re stuck in a creative rut and are struggling to get yourself out. Thesis , a nootropics company, wants you to stop being so hard on yourself.

Nootropics are the buzzy brain-boosting substances of the moment, and Thesis attempts to match people to different nootropic blends designed for certain needs—creativity, confidence, energy, clarity, logic, and so on. But can you really summon the powers of creativity on demand from a pill? Myself, and fellow Edge writer Rebekah Harding, tried Thesis for three months to find out. Here’s what you need to know. 

Why You Should Trust Us

Hone Health is a team of health-obsessed journalists, editors, fitness junkies, medical reviewers, and product testers. The two authors of this review, Rebekah Harding and Will Price, spent months taking Thesis’ nootropics blends and logging how we felt. We’ve reported on the ingredients Thesis incorporates in its nootropic blends extensively, such as ashwagandha , Alpha-GPC , Lion’s mane , and more.

For this review, we opted to review the product and service independently, as nootropics do not all affect people in the same way. Here’s what we found. 

What Is Thesis?

Thesis’s thesis (sorry, I had to) is that you are capable of more. But as co-founder and CEO Dan Freed says on the back of the box the pills come in, “…people thought I was lazy, stupid, or unmotivated. I knew there was more in me.” Freed and his brand propose that the solution to this conundrum many of us face may be nootropics, which are substances that aim to improve cognitive performance. 

New users are funneled through a quiz that determines the best nootropic blends for them—each named for the feeling they’re meant to evoke, e.g. confidence, clarity, creativity. Boxes come with four blends, each of which should last one week, with auto-renewing deliveries shipping at $79 a month. (Note: you can buy Thesis for just one month, but it will cost $119). 

You’re meant to take notes on how each blend makes you feel and, after you’ve completed your first box, adjust which blends you receive going forward.

What are nootropics?

Nootropics are medicinal substances (some pharmaceutical, some natural) that take aim at improving brain performance—memory, creativity, motivation, mood, as well as anxiety reduction and sleep improvement.

While most have heard of popular nootropics like caffeine , creatine , or nicotine , most over-the-counter nootropic supplements—like Thesis—are formulated largely with herbs, vitamins, minerals, and other natural compounds that are known to benefit the brain.

Thesis ingredients

Each Thesis blend contains different ingredients, many of which are supported by solid research. Here are a handful. 

Lion’s mane: Mushrooms that contain hericenones and erinacines, which can stimulate nerve growth and may offer potential cognitive benefits ( 1 ). In addition to thinking capacity, these mushrooms may lower the risk of age-related brain diseases, like Alzheimer’s disease ( 2 ).

Alpha-GPC: May increase your levels of a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine, which facilitates memory and learning, and plays an important role in cognitive function ( 3 ). 

L-Theanine: An amino acid that can positively affect mood. Studies have found L-theanine may be a beneficial nootropic for mood and mental health. It may also help ease anxiety and stress levels ( 4 ).  

Ashwagandha: An ancient herb taken for thousands of years, ashwagandha is an adaptogen that has been found to reduce cortisol —stress—levels in humans, which can have a number of powerful knock-on effects on the brain ( 5 ). 

DHA (Omega-3): This omega-3 fatty acid plays a role in supporting cognitive function and promoting growth and maintenance of brain cells . Research suggests that DHA may improve memory, learning, and overall cognitive performance ( 6 ). 

Synapsa: This patented extract of Water Hyssop boasts nootropic benefits such as enhanced memory and cognitive function ( 7 ). Research shows that taking Synapsa regularly may improve your information processing speed, increase your attention span and enhance your memory ( 8 ).

Ginkgo Biloba: Ginkgo Biloba has antioxidant properties, which are associated with cerebral blood flow and neuroprotection ( 9 ). Studies suggest that this nootropic may boost memory, mental clarity, and overall cognitive function ( 10 ).

Theacrine: This natural plant compound acts as a mild stimulant, without the tolerance build-up and jitters associated with caffeine ( 11 ). Theacrine may boost energy, mental clarity, and focus.

What’s Good About Thesis Nootropics?

Personalized recommendations.

There are a lot of folks interested in nootropics. Google reports something like 100,000 monthly searches for the term each month. The issue many have is simple: nootropics aren’t easy. 

It’s not easy to know what companies are selling legitimate products and which are pushing low-grade stuff. It’s not easy to get a handle on what the many, many different nootropics are meant to do. Sometimes it’s not easy to know if the good week you just had was thanks to a nootropic you just took, or the absence of some stressor you forgot about. Then there’s dosage, doctors, and the way in which these substances play off each other to worry about. 

Getting your foot in the door with nootropics is a challenging task. Thesis’s approach is designed to simplify this, and it largely works.

The personalization is somewhat limited, in that the blends themselves cannot be changed, but the blends you receive can. Interested customers are prompted to complete a simple questionnaire that asks about physical traits as well as your goals in taking nootropics. You’re then given a “Starter Kit” that includes four different blends suited to what you’re after. 

High-quality ingredients

The more you delve into nootropics, the more you realize there are, broadly, two classes of company: the legit class and the not-so-legit class. Thesis, by our account, is the former. The company’s products are products in FDA-approved cGMP facilities, which ensures the manufacturing of the product is sound. More importantly, though, and this will sound humorous if you’ve never shopped for nootropics, Thesis actually tells you what’s in its blends. 

Thesis is not the only company selling nootropic blends as a shortcut for people not interested in doing months of research. There are a great many companies that don’t specify ingredients (“focus blend”) or, more commonly, aren’t clear on dosage of each individual nootropic.

Thesis’s nutrition label is crystal clear on what’s inside each serving of its nootropic blend.

Excellent customer service

When launching oneself into a health category one doesn’t know much about, having a friend can be helpful and reassuring. Thesis’s customer support service—available via email or phone—is the weird science friend you need. 

I pestered them numerous times and each issue was responded to and resolved within 24 hours every time. The first time I called. Is there a way to remove the caffeine from the blends (there’s 100mg, or a cup of coffee’s worth in each pack)? You can request non-caffeinated blends on your next order, but for the time being simply don’t take the white pill in the daily dose packet. My email questions were answered with similar speed as well. 

There’s also Thesis’s coaching feature, which is effectively customer service for questions about your specific blends, how the blends make you feel, and so on. When I called into it I mentioned that some of the blends made me slightly antsy, some made me feel great, and others seemed to have no effect at all. Not only is this common, it’s expected: these substances do not affect us all in the same way, so there is a necessary trial period to get through. 

Having a source of reassurance when trying something new to improve our health makes the process more comfortable. 

NOOTROPICS 101

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What’s not good about thesis nootropics, not for everybody.

As previously mentioned, not all blends will work for you. Several reviews online suggest there are people for which none of them will work. My fellow reviewer and I each found one or two blends that worked especially well, some blends that didn’t seem to have any effect at all, and others that caused some minor anxiety. 

This is sort of the rub with nootropics. Different people will be hit different by different nootropics ; and even then there is the matter of dosage and duration, as most research suggests there is bedding-in period associated with nootropic effectiveness ( 12 ).

So is this a con for Thesis or for nootropic supplementation more generally? It’s a little of both, but more so a hurdle with the wider world of nootropics.

If you’re already waist deep in nootropics as a hobby or interest area, you can likely build your own nootropic stacks for cheaper than what Thesis offers.

Thesis costs $79 a month, or $3.29 per serving, once you’ve set up your account for automatic renewal. This is, unsurprisingly, on the middle-higher end of the nootropic blend market. 

Budget brands like Focus Factor come in at less than a dollar per serving. Mind Lab Pro , a brand closer to Thesis’s efficacy and quality, goes for about $2.10 per serving. The popular NooCube blend is also about $2.15 per serving. 

It should be said that I’m obviously comparing apples to oranges here. Each of these blends are made of up different stuff. Each of these companies is selling to a different customer. It could be argued that Thesis’s hyper responsive customer service and task-focused personalization model makes the $79 a month bill a fair deal. That said, the price doesn’t pull you in quite like the promise the rest of the product provides. 

What It’s Like to Take Thesis Nootropics

Tester #1 info : Female, 23 years old Reason for taking : diagnosed ADHD, brain fog, difficulty concentrating, anxiety Blends taken : Confidence, Motivation, Energy, Clarity

When I was diagnosed with ADHD in 2016, everything clicked. I’ve struggled with brain fog, task paralysis, and extreme difficulty concentrating for as long as I can remember. But all I have to show for my diagnosis is a raging caffeine addiction, two failed tries at taking prescription stimulant medication, and an ever-changing-never-working supplement stack.

As a neurodivergent person, the idea of nootropics—supplements that may improve cognitive performance—is intriguing to me. The idea of spending hours researching different blends and stand alone supplements, however, is not. That’s where Thesis comes in. 

To order your four-blend starter kit, Thesis kicks things off with a quick 25-question quiz. The questions were quick and multiple choice, and didn’t take more than a couple of minutes. (As a company that markets to ADHD-ers, I have to say they know their audience.) The quiz covers questions like how much sleep you clock in each night, your typical mood, and your procrastination habits—and a memory test at the end that I won’t spoil. At the end, you plug in an email and receive a customized recommendation based on your goals and struggles. 

I’m ultra-productive, but I have extreme anxiety and frequent brain fog depending on the state of my hormones. Thesis recommended four blends—Confidence, Motivation, Energy, and Clarity—to boost my mental health, promote relaxation, and fight off brain fog. 

I took each blend for six days each—as directed—with one day in between to reset.

Week one I opted for Confidence—a blend that includes saffron, ashwagandha, sage, and magnesium—which oddly produced the opposite of its intended effect. Two days in, I ditched the separate, white caffeine pill in the packet, but that only alleviated my anxiety slightly. Week two, I took Motivation—which contains artichoke extract, vitamin B12, methylliberine, and L-theanine. I enjoyed this blend the most, and felt like my mood and concentration got a decent boost. Weeks 3 and 4 I took Energy (mango leaf extract, theacrine, citicoline, and more) and Clarity (Lion’s Mane, L-theanine, and more) respectively. I noticed no changes these weeks.

Overall, I think Thesis is worth a shot for the nootropic-curious. Especially if you don’t have the time or patience to research these trendy supplements. However, I don’t think I’ll be stocking up on any of their blends any time soon.

BRAIN GAMES

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Tester #2 info : Male, 30 years old Reason for taking : brain fog, unfocused, spark creativity Blends taken : Clarity, Logic, Creativity, Energy

I’ve not been evaluated for or diagnosed with any neurological or neurodevelopmental matters, but I have struggled to train my mind’s gaze on one thing for long periods of time for as long as I can remember. Call it brain fog or something else, it’s been a persistent issue of mine going back to my high school and college years, where I’d substitute just about any distraction available to me instead of something that would require real attention.

A Thesis ad on Instagram suggested this issue may not be my own failing (a source of great personal anxiety), but perhaps something that could be fixed with nootropics. I’m willing to believe most anything that suggests my failings are not my failings, so I ordered my personalized starter kit. 

My kit came with the Clarity, Logic, Creativity, and Energy blends. I quickly eliminated Clarity and Logic from the rotation, and both seemed to trigger a mix of uncomfortable headaches and anxiety (a quick browse of the internet suggests this isn’t an uncommon reaction to these specific blends). Energy, while effective, wasn’t the most useful to me, someone who doesn’t struggle as much with alertness. 

Creativity was different, though. During the second month of testing, once I’d taken Creativity for a few weeks straight (remember there is a bedding-in period!), things started to click. I started to feel the gears turning a bit more in brainstorm meetings at work, and I could think more deeply about how I could build a workout plan for a friend.

That’s how I would describe the feeling: a noticeable but slight improvement in my ability to untangle a problem of some kind. It wasn’t as though the shackles of my brand were removed and I launched a Fortune 500 company which, thankfully, Thesis does not suggest in any of its marketing materials. 

I’ve taken the Creativity tablets for a few months now and find them to be good value for the money, for me. For those curious about nootropics, I think of Thesis as the ideal first stop. Once you figure out what works for your brain and needs, you might seek out other solutions. 

The Bottom Line

Thesis nootropics are probably the best way to get into nootropics without having to do loads of research. The brand isn’t the cheapest out there, but the product is quality and the customer service is excellent. 

1. Lai, Puei-Lene et al (2013). Neurotrophic properties of the Lion’s mane medicinal mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) from Malaysia. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24266378/

2. skubel tomasz et al (2022). therapeutic potential of lion’s mane (hericium erinaceus) in neurological and cognitive disorders – a review of the literature. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363300485_therapeutic_potential_of_lion, 3. ham, juhee et al (2018). cholinergic modulation of the hippocampal region and memory function. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc5645066/, 4. williams, jackson l. et al (2019). the effects of green tea amino acid l-theanine consumption on the ability to manage stress and anxiety levels: a systematic review. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31758301/, 5. lopresti, adrian l. et al (2019). an investigation into the stress-relieving and pharmacological actions of an ashwagandha (withania somnifera) extract. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc6750292/, 6. yurko-mauro, karin et al (2015). docosahexaenoic acid and adult memory: a systematic review and meta-analysis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc4364972/, 7. downey, luke a. et al (2012). an acute, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of 320 mg and 640 mg doses of a special extract of bacopa monnieri (cdri 08) on sustained cognitive performance. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23281132/, 8. kumar, navneet et al (2016). efficacy of standardized extract of bacopa monnieri (bacognize®) on cognitive functions of medical students: a six-week, randomized placebo-controlled trial. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc5075615/, 9. mashayekhu, ameneh et al (2012). effects of ginkgo biloba on cerebral blood flow assessed by quantitative mr perfusion imaging: a pilot study. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3163160/, 10. ge, wei et al (2021). ginkgo biloba extract improves cognitive function and increases neurogenesis by reducing aβ pathology in 5×fad mice. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc8014356/, 11. bello, marissa l. et al (2019). the effects of teacrine® and caffeine on endurance and cognitive performance during a simulated match in high-level soccer players. https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12970-019-0287-6, 12. malik, matej et al (2022). nootropics as cognitive enhancers: types, dosage and side effects of smart drugs. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc9415189/, more hands-on reviews.

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The Edge is Hone Health’s editorial operation. Hone is an online clinic that helps people optimize their hormones. As part of your subscription and as medically indicated, physicians prescribe medications, and recommend supplements that are delivered to you from the comfort of your home.

Hone-affiliated medical practices are independently owned and operated by licensed physicians who provide services using the Hone telehealth platform. For more information about the relationship between Hone and the medical practices click here .

Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. Our content is intended for informational purposes only. Recommendations on information found on The Edge do not infer a doctor-patient relationship. Hone Health provides no warranty for any information. 

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TeaCrine® has been shown to increase energy, motivation, and concentration.

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Alpha-GPC has been shown to support healthy cognitive function and physical performance.

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Synapsa® has been shown to significantly improve working memory.

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KSM-66® Ashwagandha has been shown to significantly reduce stress and anxiety.

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Zembrin® has been shown to improve in mood and disposition.

Nootropics aren’t one size fits all

We formulate potent nutrient compounds to enhance mental performance and make personalized recommendations based on your goals and unique brain chemistry

Your Personalized Thesis Journey

1. take the quiz.

Tell us about yourself and your goals. We’ll use your answers to determine your baseline and build your recommendations.

2. Get Your Starter Kit

You’ll sample 4 blends over the course of the month to understand what you can accomplish with each formulation.

3. Optimize with a Coach

Check in with your wellness coach and our nootropics experts to customise your blends based on your experience so far.

A powerful, natural way to boost your cognition

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• Raise your energy level
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We’ve Helped Over 500,000 People Find Their Formula

“Motivation gets me going during my six days in a row at work, and Clarity keeps my mind sharp and alert so I’m performing at my best . Creativity does just as it says -- I love this one for when I’m doing the Reading Comprehension and/or Arguments section of LSAT prep; I truly feel like it gives me an edge.”

Britney’S BLENDS

"I did feel different since day one. I got more motivated and had an overall better mood. [Thesis] has been a game changer for me."

Ondrej's BLENDS

“I always feel energized and focus without the afternoon crash that I typically experience with coffee. I can get hours of work done and stay motivated all day.”

Renee’S BLENDS

"For someone who has struggled with attention and staying awake, [Thesis has] been life saving."

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Functional Medicine & Nutritional Sciences

“I work with CEOs, celebrities, and other top performers in my practice. Thesis is what I recommend and take personally for focus and cognition. I even used it to help me nail my first TedX talk.”

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“With a busy life on and off the court, Thesis gives me energy and focus to get through the longest days and keep me sharp.”

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"Thesis has provided a substantial benefit to my ability to focus. Creativity works best for me — I take it 30 mins before a podcast or writing and it helps get me into the zone."

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Pure and effective ingredients

Potent active ingredients.

Quality counts when supplementing, and only the active ingredients in a blend make an impact.

Clinically Studied Dosage

We only use nutrients that have been proven to safely deliver desired effects in clinical trials.

All ingredients in each batch are tested with a third party lab to ensure optimal potency and purity.

“ The Thesis process was developed by systematically testing different combinations of high quality ingredients. We made the process of finding the right nootropics quicker & safer.”

DAN FREED CEO & Founder, Thesis

Our research and product development teams review clinical studies and information on safety, side effects, and any potential interactions for each ingredient being considered for a Thesis blend.

Each ingredient goes through two rounds of internal testing, in which members of our research and product development team share feedback on individual ingredients.

The research and product development team reviews existing clinical literature about synergistic benefits between ingredients and integrates it as we continue to formulate, developing 2-4 blends to move forward to Phase 3 testing.

We test each prospective blend internally, as members of our research and product development team try each of the blends before we move forward to Beta testing.

Next, we test multiple iterations of each blend with a group of 100 Thesis beta group customers and collect quantitative and qualitative feedback to help us refine the final blend.

We finalize our winning blend (based on the Alpha and Beta test feedback) by completing a final round of safety testing by our third party lab partners before we release it. Ongoing safety testing occurs with each batch of production.

After the blend undergoes third party lab testing for safety, we launch a limited release to 5,000 customers to help us gather additional feedback and work through our supply chain process

Once a blend passes the limited release phase, we launch full production in a cGMP facility and release it to all customers.

The Thesis Story

As long as I can remember, people thought I was stupid, lazy, or unmotivated. I started to believe it. In school, I would read the same page over and over again, without absorbing anything. At 16, I dropped out of high school and went to work at a sandwich shop.

Fast-forward ten years — I scored in the 99th percentile on the GMAT and earned Master’s degrees from Yale and INSEAD. Nootropics turned everything around for me, and helped me form the positive habits that I built my success on. Once I balanced my brain chemistry, I could perform like never before.

I take Energy to get me going in the morning and Motivation to power through long afternoons.

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Thesis Nootropics vs Adderall: How They Work, Side Effects & Choosing if One is Right for You

When it comes to addressing common symptoms of ADHD, from inattention to hyperactivity , one of the most popular forms of treatments is the stimulant medication Adderall® . Like other stimulants, Adderall works by targeting brain chemicals like dopamine and norepinephrine to reduce symptoms of ADHD. It is available by prescription only. 

A newer type of stimulant that is available without a prescription is Thesis nootropics , which contains ingredients like functional mushrooms, choline, vitamins, and adaptogens to enhance cognitive function. Though they are not recommended to treat any health condition, including ADHD, many people do use them to manage symptoms like inattention and hyperactivity to avoid the side effects associated with prescription stimulants like Adderall.

But do they work? This is what we’ll explore in the following article: which product is better for ADHD, the side effects of each, and alternative medications to consider.

ADHD Medication Overview

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects a person’s ability to focus, control impulses, and regulate their emotions. Medications are often a key component of ADHD treatment and there are several different types. They include:

• Stimulant Medications : Stimulant medications work by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain to improve attention and impulsive control. Examples include Adderall, Ritalin® , Concerta®, and Vvvanse® . These are the most commonly prescribed ADHD medications and are sometimes taken as needed.
• Non-Stimulant Medications : Though stimulants are the most common drugs for ADHD, in some cases, a doctor will prescribe non-stimulant ADHD meds if a patient doesn’t respond to stimulants or if side effects are too intense. Non-stimulant meds also target brain chemicals to control symptoms of ADHD, but these drugs tend to work slower than stimulants and are typically dosed for daily use. Examples include Strattera®, Intuniv®, and Kapvay®. 
• Other Medications : In some cases, doctors may prescribe antidepressants, such as Wellbutrin®, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) like Effexor® if the patient doesn’t respond to stimulants or non-stimulants. Alternatively, some individuals consider taking non-prescription homeopathic medications like Brillia to avoid the side effects associated with prescription drugs or to avoid having to increase the dosage of current prescription drugs. Brillia is designed to reduce symptoms associated with ADHD and anxiety without harsh, synthetic chemicals or harmful side effects, making it a suitable choice for those with co-occuring conditions.  

Thesis Nootropics vs Adderall: Which is Better for ADHD?

Though nootropics like Thesis are sometimes referred to as “smart drugs” because of their ability to boost focus and cognitive function, they may not be as potent as prescription stimulant drugs like Adderall in reducing symptoms of ADHD. There are some distinct differences between their mechanisms of action, their safety profiles, and the research surrounding each.

The active ingredients in Thesis nootropics, which include functional mushrooms, vitamins, and herbal extracts are generally safe and gentle on the body, which could be appealing to those who have not responded well to prescription drugs like Adderall, which contains the chemical amphetamine. However, nutritional supplements like Thesis are not regulated by the FDA in the same way as prescription drugs, so questions remain surrounding their safety and efficacy. 

How Thesis Nootropics Work to Boost Cognitive Function

According to the manufacturers of Thesis , the ingredients in their formulas work across “multiple brain pathways,” to support brain energy, optimize neurotransmitter status, improve cerebral circulation, and enhance neuroprotection. 1 Like many other supplements, Thesis is not intended to target the source of symptoms; rather the nutrients in their different blends can help the general function of the brain and improve overall well-being. This is different from medications, which target specific chemical imbalances in the brain to stop the instigation of symptoms altogether. Some of the research-backed nutrients include:

• Lion’s mane mushroom : May increase levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to improve clarity and focus 2
• Vitamin B12 : May improve attention and mood 3
• Bacopa monnieri : May improve memory 4
• Tyrosine : May increase dopamine synthesis 5  
• L-Phenylalanine : May reduce depressive symptoms 6
• Panax ginseng : May improve executive function (when combined with omega-3s) 7

What to Know About Adderall

First approved in 1996 , Adderall is a prescription drug consisting of  amphetamine and dextroamphetamine, which are central nervous system stimulants that bind to dopamine and norepinephrine receptors in the brain. 8 This binding effect increases the levels of these neurotransmitters, which is thought to improve concentration and alertness while reducing hyperactivity and impulsivity.

Though Adderall and other stimulant medications are highly effective for many and typically a first-line treatment, this medication is associated with a number of side effects, including headache, upset stomach, and decreased appetite — which is one of the reasons many try to avoid using them to see if more gentle options can give the level of support that is adequate. Adderall is also notorious for being misused and abused by high school and college students due its reputation as a study aid and euphoria inducer. 

Side Effects of Both

Though the side effects of Thesis nootropics are generally milder than those associated with Adderall, they should still be considered. Explore the side effects of both products below.

Thesis Nootropics Side Effects

Numerous Thesis reviewers have expressed satisfaction with the product, reporting no adverse effects. While some blends include caffeine, which can cause jitteriness or interfere with sleep, users have the option to exclude it. On the flip side, some reviewers have mentioned experiencing side effects such as nausea and insomnia 9 .

Thesis is also not suitable for children. 

Adderall Side Effects 

Adderall, like other stimulants, is known to cause a number of side effects in users. These side effects may go away on their own or you can work with your doctor to adjust your dosage or switch to another medication. 

Side effects of Adderall include:

• Upset stomach
• Loss of appetite
• Weight loss
• Mood changes
• Nervousness
• Fast heart rate

Which Product is More Effective?

When it comes to Thesis vs Adderall for ADHD, reviews are mixed. Adderall seems to outshine Thesis in terms of efficacy, but it does come with a higher risk of more serious side effects. 

Here is a sampling of the reviews of Thesis on TikTok and Reddit:

• Worked for a few hours, then downhill : TikTok user mikerapadas said: “Motivation [blend] provided me a real feeling of drive. I could feel myself being pulled towards my task and I felt little hints of extra optimism. But…it lasted only a few hours. After that came the negatives: mainly, I just felt less well overall; my temper was slightly more sensitive, and I could feel myself getting annoyed a lot more easily.” 10
• More focused, but poor sleep : Reddit user jamie_choo wrote: “Not sure if it's just a placebo effect but I do feel more focused throughout the day. However, I've been losing sleep in the last couple of days since my mind is way more active at night than usual.” 11

Reviews on Adderall are also mixed, but lean toward the positive when it comes to efficacy alone. Adderall has an average rating of 7.2 out of 10 from a total of 372 reviews On Drugs.com. Sixty-four percent of reviewers reported a positive experience, while 20 percent reported a negative experience . 12   Negative reviews of Adderall have more to do with the side effects than efficacy, with remarks that the medication caused rapid heart rate, stomach pains, anxiety , insomnia, hallucinations, and suicidal ideation . 13  

Alternative ADHD Medications

If you’re looking for something safe and impactful to reduce ADHD symptoms, there are other options beyond nootropic supplements and prescription ADHD medication .

Brillia is one alternative option to consider. Free from harsh, synthetic chemicals and harmful side effects, Brillia is a clinically-proven non-prescription homeopathic medication that contains targeted antibodies to the S100B protein, a crucial regulator of various brain processes, both intracellular and extracellular. By modulating the activity of this protein, Brillia can effectively manage symptoms of ADHD and anxiety without causing side effects like drowsiness, nausea, decreased appetite, dependency, nor does it mask the personality in any way. 

It's worth noting that Brillia does not disrupt blood chemistry, a common feature of stimulant medications like Adderall. In balancing the S100B protein Brillia also helps to normalize the levels of monoamines, including dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, in different brain regions, mirroring the neurotransmitter targets of drugs like Adderall.

In contrast to dietary supplements like Thesis, Brillia adheres to rigorous FDA standards and regulations, encompassing quality, claims, and labeling. The product's active and inactive ingredients must undergo thorough review, and supporting evidence for its claims is required for sale in the United States. Backed by clinical evidence supporting its safety and efficacy, Brillia can be safely used by children as young as five and adults , without the need for an official diagnosis or medical supervision.

Brillia is also incredibly versatile. You can use the medication as an alternative to prescription medication or in conjunction with prescription medication to address lingering symptoms like anxiety (a common side effect of Adderall and other stimulant medications). Some users take Brillia with their prescription medication to avoid having to increase the dosage of their current meds, which also increases the likelihood of side effects. 

If you choose to transition to Brillia from a prescription medication, we ask that you do so under the guidance of your doctor to ensure this path is right for you. 

How to Choose Which One is Right for You

There is no single way to treat ADHD and what may work for you may not work as well for another person. Weighing the pros and cons of each option available is the best way to make an informed decision regarding your own care. At Brillia, we recommend starting with healthy lifestyle changes , including following a nutritious diet , getting enough sleep , controlling your screen time , and practicing mindfulness techniques regularly. These are all powerful factors that can make an impactful improvement in your symptoms and potentially help you avoid medications and supplements altogether.

If you need more support and choose to try Brillia , we ask that you find the dose that best meets your needs and remain consistent with your dosage while the product builds up in your system. Brillia is a gentle and cumulative product, and your body relies on a steady trickle of the active ingredient to get the best results. Most users see a result in 3-4 weeks, but it may take longer. If you need help finding the right dose, our Customer Care team is always available to offer guidance to ensure you experience the best results with Brillia. You’ll also have access to a wide community of Brillia users who can share tips and resources on how to make the most of your Brillia journey. 

To explore other options on managing symptoms of ADHD with or without prescription medication, visit the Brillia(nce) Resource Center and learn how a holistic approach can help you develop the tools you need to control your symptoms long-term.

References: 1 https://takethesis.com/pages/science, 2 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31118969/, 3 https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/7/1494, 4 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20590480/, 5 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30853567/, 6 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/380577/, 7 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32847461/, 8 https://www.psycom.net/adderall-amphetamine, 9 https://www.reddit.com/r/Nootropics/comments/ru37qm/thesis_nootropics_review/, 10 https://www.tiktok.com/@mikerapadas/video/7251691048630603050, 11 https://www.reddit.com/r/Nootropics/comments/ru37qm/thesis_nootropics_review/, 12 https://www.drugs.com/comments/amphetamine-dextroamphetamine/adderall-for-attention-deficit-disorder.html, 13 https://www.drugs.com/comments/amphetamine-dextroamphetamine/adderall-xr-for-attention-deficit-disorder.html

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3.7 • 70 Reviews

Thesis offers a range of personalized nootropic supplement formulas to enhance your mental performance.

Thesis reviews

66 % of reviewers would recommend to a friend

Reviews mention

• Enhances focus and motivation
• Effective alternative to adhd medication
• Improves cognitive abilities
• Supportive customer service
• High caffeine content
• Ineffectiveness for some users
• Lack of customer service response
• Expensive monthly subscription

Thesis is appreciated by many for its positive effects on focus, energy, and cognitive functions especially for those with ADHD. However, some users find the product ineffective and the high caffeine content can cause discomfort for some. Some users also reported a lack of customer service response.

AI summary based on Thingtesting reviews

2 months ago

Thesis seemed like it would help with concentration, energy, and focus. However, the formula made specifically for my needs did not work, so I made up my own formula of supplements, and that did not work either. I would give it a try even though it did not work for me because everybody's mind is different, and it may work for you. It is, however, a pricey subscription as well.

a month ago

A little about my backstory: former pothead turned scientist looking for an edge in progressing through the corporate ladder. I had startedtaking lions mane, ginko biloba, gotu kola, d3, fish oil, etc, all with the goal of trying to replace anti-depressants, which "worked" but made me feel like a zomboid. That was in late 2022. When I tried "Clarity" I noticed that lions mane was an ingredient, but there were other things I had never heard of. I took my multi-v, omega/d3 and a pro-biotic in tandem with clarity, and within 3 days i could feel almost an "awakening" happen. I became motivated in ways i never had before... long had my mother always said I would be a good lawyer, so I went to grab an LSAT prep book just to see if I could even focus on it. I read through 100 pages in 3 days, and got 13/14 arguments correct in that time. But the way Thesis works (when you're starting out) is that you only have 6 days with each blend. My mother had gotten this trial pack for me as a gift. I made an account under my name and email and was unable to get 4 6-day packs of clarity out of the gate; you have to get a starter back with multiple blends first. Then only then it seems can you mix and match Thesis' 6 blends to your choosing. Thats a bit of a drawback honestly, but it is worth it to do the starter pack as they recommend... In my starter pack I also had Energy, Logic and Creativity. Energy was my least favorite as i kept my caffeine consumption normal, which can it seems cause jitteryness and irritability and an overal feeling of adrendal fatigue after the 3rd day out of 6. By day 6 i felt like a crackhead. Logic was the 2nd blend that I had tried. It had a very anti-depressant effect; nothing in my day to day felt difficult and I felt very at peace with my place in the world. Organization became slightly easier, and hard tasks at work became almost boring. Not quite as good at helping me focus on learning, but good at helping me access and remember what I already know. Creativity was a nice blend that probably had the least noticeable affect, but it was subtle and pleasant. I actually felt happy! I noticed my musicality became much more interesting (guitar player). Overall, their online menu is confusing and frustrating. You have the option of "order now" and then under that is the date your subscription will bill and ship your next set of blends. But it seems at first that if you're asking for an "order now" that it glitches out and says "wont get until 2 weeks after when you want it". This resulted in me spending literally almost 1,000 dollars in a singlr day (accidentally ordered 3 6-month subscriptions). But Alisha and Jo with customer service were able to get this resolved! Overall, the merit of the blend that I love, "Clarity", is worth all of the logistical trouble I had. I feel like a new person. And I was able to achieve the feeling naturally without abnormal psychiatric medication, which has a litanous history of side effects. Overall, I can't recommend this enough, especially for people like me who always felt mentally tired and depressed and unable to advance

It's called thesis because they want to see how many people feel better taking placebo. Other than giving you stomachache sometimes and taking your money, the pills don't do anything. I spent over 100, took the test, and religiously took all the blends. I'm telling you, I pero discovered that it's a scam.

Thesis will not let customers write reviews on their website. As far as I know the reviews on there are fake or hand chosen. They seamed to work well for daytime activities, At night time after 5 peaceful years together violence erupted in our household repeatedly until we stopped taking them.

3 months ago

This product has exceeded all my expectations, outperforming any medication my doctor has previously recommended. It has profoundly improved my life, especially in managing my ADHD. Since I started using it, I've noticed a remarkable enhancement in my ability to think clearly, focus, and complete tasks efficiently. For someone with a lifelong struggle with ADHD, this product has been a breakthrough, allowing me to function better and with less stress. After using it for several months, I can confidently say that it has sharpened my cognitive abilities, often making me feel more intellectually advanced than many of my peers. Here's the secret that no one is telling you... Red Bull + Thesis + Healthy Food + Fitness = Happy Extraordinary Life!!!

I’ve been using pieces for a few months now. As a brand, they have been very helpful and trying to pair me with the best combination of what to best benefit me. I only wish that starting off that thesis would do a personal consultation with each user and also help provide more information when starting off. The initial starting of thesis was a bit confusing and it did take me until the second months to understand how it works. After washing my concerns of filling, the products weren’t working I was able to talk with a consultant that gave me some very helpful chips. I wish I would’ve known when I started so I do give them credit for trying to make sure we’re getting the best service and product.

4 months ago

Clarity worked very well to keep me focused.

5 months ago

Thesis has been a game-changer for me. I found that it took some time to become familiar with the effectiveness of various blends and determine which blend(s) are most effective for various tasks; and now that I have they have become an essential part of my daily regime. It feels good to be taking Thesis instead of Adderall. I feel like I have clean, focused energy. I decided to leave this review after a great experience with customer service. I don't usually leave reviews, but I felt very moved by their support. And they are not giving me anything besides the deals they offer everyone-- just passing on the praise!

So far it’s been great. I’ve taken energy and I’m almost done with creativity. The energy was very strong at first but now that I’m used to it absolutely amazing creativity I’m halfway through it not sure yet but so far the brain fog is leaving. I caught COVID-19 long-term so I have side effects of depression , Lethargic, cloudy, had problems with waking up and the energy pack has gotten rid of that for the most part. I’m really excited to see what clarity does. Thank you for your product. I believe it is awesome and I hope I don’t have to take it all the time to feel this way that eventually I will, get my motivation back in the gym get this weight I’ve gained off and be back to my old self. It’s sad that COVID-19 put me in a position to where I have to pay to feel like I normally always have my whole life but I think you that your guises product is here and it is definitely working 100% awesome. I am very satisfied. I recommend it to my mother to women at church and they’re getting on it now too.

Not going to test something that made me take a survey that asked my age and weight, but not my height? Immediately red flag showing act like they care, but don’t. And are there pills with caffeine I’m very curious…

So far, I've done the one month trial and I have noticed an increase in performance so far. I'm excited to see how taking a blend regularly will really help me mentally.

6 months ago

I received the starter package. I have taken their products for 2 weeks. I feel no change whatsoever. I feel like this product simply does not work. I have tried the focus and the energy packets for 1 week each. I have tried many products over the years. On a side note, I get emails on a regular basis (i.e. VERY FREQUENT 23 since November 25th - it is December 15th as of this review) asking about my experience and such. So many that I have unsubscribed at least 3 times. Each time I get yet another email requesting my experience or an apology as to why their product does not perform as expected. The SAME damn email from yet another "coach". I feel that this product is a waste of my time and money. Perhaps some questions about size and weight would help with dosage. Personally, I think the dosage is off for me and that is why i am not seeing the results.

So far as a newly diagnosed ADHD person I am LOVING Thesis. I truly don't want to take "medication". I love motivation. It feels like what I would think the limitless pill felt like in the movie. Energy is amazing. And I'm excited to try clarity! Overall I truly truly recommend this for anyone needing a little mental support!

8 months ago

I've been a fan of nootropics and adaptogens for a while now, and I must say these are probably my favorite option. Each blend has proven ingredients, alongside caffeine (optionally), and for me they truly do what they claim. They all bring me alertness and I am wide awake with a focused and balanced energy. I found myself more motivated, more productive, and in flow state with each blend. I took these in the morning on an empty stomach, or in the afternoon when I needed a boost & they never failed. I would recommend these to anyone looking for a natural boost. While Creativity was helpful in graphic design work, it's also recommended for social situations so I tried it once before going out with some friends and I undeniably felt more comfortable, relaxed, sociable and talkative. The logic & clarity blends worked wonders at work, and the energy blend was an incredible afternoon slump boost that kept me focused and alert until bedtime. I am super eager to try the motivation blend as procrastination is one of my weaknesses... but overall these have changed how I think of supplements or the typical things I would use for energy or focus. Game changers in my opinion!

7 months ago

These are pricey and I unfortunately cannot tell a difference when I take them. I was so bummed because I would love to hack my focus / creativity / clarity, what have you! What a dream! But I found, finally, 36 years into life, that my best bet is eating well sleeping well drinking less yada yada. I'm not a doctor but y'all should try that.

I've tried a fair share of nootropics and adaptogens and was excited when I heard about the thesis thingdrop since the price can be pretty steep. After taking it over this past few weeks, I am thrilled with it! I really do think you can feel the different effects depending on which one you're taking and I never felt any aches or pains regardless of taking it on an empty stomach or not. As stated, it's pretty expensive for a monthly subscription but that doesn't mean I won't splurge for it every once in a while. Looking forward to trying out the other formulas!

I finally managed to complete the four options included in the starter pack, and overall, I didn't see significant results. As a fan of nootropic supplements, I had rather high expectations for Thesis, especially considering their price point. Having different "formulas" for specific results might have led to a bit of a misconception. The reality is that when it comes to nootropics, my primary goal is to achieve a heightened state of focus, accompanied by an uplifting state of mind that supports my motivation, energy, and confidence. It feels somewhat odd to have four different products when what I truly seek from nootropics is clarity. In the end, I didn't notice substantial effects from Thesis compared to other brands I've tried. The branding looks fantastic, but it seems like you're purchasing a brand rather than a highly effective product.

Only done the Energy one so far and I think it might be working, not feeling a crash after my workouts. Will try the others and update as I go along.

9 months ago

Unfortunately I didnt have a positive experience with these, but I don't fault the product. One of the challenges with nootropics is that everyone's individual chemistry will react differently and I found that of the 4 different formulas, two made me feel overly aggressive and 2 did basically nothing. The effective ones were a bit insidious in that it took me far longer to notice the mood change than my husband, who knew I was trying these for a limited time and saved his feedback for after each formula's course. I did allow more than the recommended time between each formula so that I could assess the effects of each in isolation. I wouldn't recommend these to anyone who isn't at least moderately familiar with nootropics, or who isn't fairly in-tune with their mood.

I wanted to love this brand. Unfortunately out of the four blends I tried, none of them worked for me. I felt extremely off and weird when taking a couple of them. Nootropics affect everyone differently and I still recommend them to people looking for natural alternatives. Customer service is great, and shipping was fast.

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Research Review: Medications for ADHD Treatment – Efficacy, Side Effects, Safety

A recent and noteworthy research review published in the new england journal of medicine summarized main findings over the past decade regarding adhd medication use, abuse, efficacy, side effects, and safety..

December 18, 2020

The New England Journal of Medicine dedicated significant and noteworthy space to a research review of the pharmacologic treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) 1 from Samuele Cortese, M.D., Ph.D. In the NEJM ‘s September 2020 issue, Dr. Cortese summarized the most notable findings of the last decade related to use of medications for ADHD, their efficacy, side effects, and safety.

Medication Use in ADHD

Reported in the article was a study of prescription databases that revealed that the prevalence of ADHD medication use increased from 2001 to 2015. 2 The average relative percentage increase in the United States was 2.83% per year. Follow-up periods of a systematic review revealed the average length of treatment with stimulants was 136 days in children and 230 days in adults. 3 Rate of medication discontinuation were highest among 15- to 21-year-olds. Among the reasons for discontinuation were side effects, perceived lack of effectiveness, dislike of taking medications, and stigma. 4

ADHD Medication Efficacy and Effectiveness

According to the article, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrated that medications approved for ADHD more effectively decreased the severity of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity than did placebos. The largest effect sizes were found for amphetamines, followed by methylphenidate. 5 At the group level, amphetamines were more efficacious than methylphenidate , atomoxetine, and guanfacine. However, at the patient level, approximately 41% of participants had equally good responses to both amphetamines and methylphenidate. 6

Some studies that used a within-person design found that, in periods during which patients were receiving medication, there was a significant decrease in negative outcomes such as “unintentional physical injuries, motor vehicle accidents (among male patients), substance use disorder, and criminal acts, as well as an improvement in academic functioning.” 7

A double-blind RCT of medication discontinuation found that participants who had been treated with methylphenidate for an average of 4.5 years and continued taking methylphenidate experienced ongoing benefits related to ADHD symptoms , compared to participants who stopped or switched to a placebo. 8

Side Effects and Safety of Medications for ADHD

A meta-analysis of RCTs found that several ADHD medications were linked to higher discontinuation rates due to adverse events, as compared with placebo. Short-term trials have shown significant increases in heart rate or blood pressure in patients with ADHD treated with stimulants or atomoxetine, as compared with placebo. 9 Small but persistent increases in blood pressure or heart rate are concerning if sustained over a long period, but a meta-analysis found no significant link between ADHD medication and sudden death, stroke, or myocardial infarction. 10

Some within-person studies demonstrated that patients being treated with ADHD medications had a decreased risk for seizures, depression, mania, and suicidality. 11

Neurological Effects of ADHD Medication

Across randomized trials, the most consistent benefit of a dose of stimulant medication was enhanced attention control and inhibition. 12 Longer-term neurobiologic effects (in patients who received stimulants for more than six months) included “activation in the right caudate nucleus that is generally close to normal levels during tasks requiring attention.” 13

Nonmedical Use of ADHD Medication

There is little evidence that use of ADHD medications without a prescription improves academic or work performance in those without ADHD. Nonetheless, 58.7% of college students in the United States reported nonmedical use of stimulants on at least one occasion, and 2.1% of adults in the United States reported at least one episode of nonmedical stimulant use. 14 Motivation for nonmedical stimulant use included enhancement of academic or work performance, as well as recreational use. Self-medication for undiagnosed ADHD could be another explanation “since persons who engaged in nonmedical use of stimulants reported more symptoms of ADHD than those who did not engage in nonmedical stimulant use.”

How to Treat ADHD in Children: Next Questions

• What ADHD medications are used to treat children?
• Is ADHD medication right for my child?
• What can I do if ADHD medication use causes tics?
• How can I solve sleep problems associated with ADHD medication use?
• How can I address appetite suppression caused by ADHD medication use?
• How can I prevent the afternoon ‘medication crash?’
• Should my child take an ADHD medication vacation?
• What natural treatments help kids with ADHD?
• How can I find an ADHD specialist near me?

View Article Sources

1 Cortese, Samuele. Pharmacologic Treatment of Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder. The New England Journal of Medicine (Sept. 2020).

2 Raman SR, Man KKC, Bahmanyar S, et al. Trends in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder medication use: a retrospective observational study using population-based databases. Lancet Psychiatry 2018;5:824-35.

3 Gajria K, Lu M, Sikirica V, et al. Adherence, persistence, and medication discontinuation in patients with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder — a systematic literature review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014;10:1543-69.

4 Zetterqvist J, Asherson P, Halldner L, Långström N, Larsson H. Stimulant and non-stimulant attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder drug use: total population study of trends and discontinuation patterns 2006-2009. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2013;128:70-7

5 Cortese S, Adamo N, Del Giovane C, et al. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents, and adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry 2018;5:727-38

6 Arnold LE. Methylphenidate vs. amphetamine: comparative review. J Atten Disord 2000;3:200-11.

7 Chang Z, Ghirardi L, Quinn PD, Asherson P, D’Onofrio BM, Larsson H. Risks and benefits of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication on behavioral and neuropsychiatric outcomes: a qualitative review of pharmacoepidemiology studies using linked prescription databases. Biol Psychiatry 2019;86:335-43.

8 Matthijssen A-FM, Dietrich A, Bierens M, et al. Continued benefits of methylphenidate in ADHD after 2 years in clinical practice: a randomized placebo-controlled discontinuation study. Am J Psychiatry 2019;176:754-62.

9 Cortese S, Adamo N, Del Giovane C, et al. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents, and adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry 2018;5:727-38

10 Liu H, Feng W, Zhang D. Association of ADHD medications with the risk of cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019;28: 1283-93.

11 Chang Z, Ghirardi L, Quinn PD, Asherson P, D’Onofrio BM, Larsson H. Risks and benefits of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication on behavioral and neuropsychiatric outcomes: a qualitative review of pharmacoepidemiology studies using linked prescription data

12 Rubia K, Alegria AA, Cubillo AI, Smith AB, Brammer MJ, Radua J. Effects of stimulants on brain function in attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry 2014;76:616-28.

13 Hart H, Radua J, Nakao T, Mataix-Cols D, Rubia K. Meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of inhibition and attention in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: exploring taskspecific, stimulant medication, and age effects. JAMA Psychiatry 2013;70:185-98.

14 Faraone SV, Rostain AL, Montano CB, Mason O, Antshel KM, Newcorn JH. Systematic review: nonmedical use of prescription stimulants: risk factors, outcomes, and risk reduction strategies. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020;59:100-12.

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I Tried 4 Thesis Nootropic Blends (My 2024 Review)

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Thesis stands out in the wellness industry with its personalized nootropic supplements, designed to cater to the individual’s specific cognitive needs. It has been pushed by health and wellness celebrities, causing a wave of popularity.

Do Thesis nootropics live up to the hype?

• Variety Of Blends: Various nootropic blends based on individual brain chemistry, maximizing effectiveness for each user.
• Strong Advocacy and Support: Gained endorsements from notable wellness advocates and public figures, like Andrew Huberman, enhancing credibility.
• Limited Clinical Research: While the company plans clinical trials, the current scientific backing may be limited.
• Price: The ongoing cost of customized nootropics may be higher than standard off-the-shelf supplements or medications.
• Dependence on Self-Reporting: The effectiveness of blends relies partly on user feedback, which may not always be accurate or consistent.
• Many Underdosed Ingredients: As you’ll read below, many ingredients are dosed below what was used in human clinical trials.

Quick Verdict

Thesis has a range of suitable nootropic blends to cater to many needs.

However, our #1 nootropic of choice is Nooceptin. It’s designed for long-term brain changes, not short-term boosts in mental performance.

What Is Thesis Nootropics?

Thesis Nootropics is a company specializing in customized cognitive performance products. It was founded by Dan Freed in 2017.

Freed’s personal challenges with focusing, which he faced from a young age, led him to discover nootropics.

This personal journey of transformation through nootropics inspired him to create Thesis, aiming to help others find the right combination of nootropic ingredients that work for them.

The company’s unique approach involves allowing customers to experiment with high-quality nootropic ingredients to maximize results systematically.

Thesis has gained popularity primarily through word-of-mouth and a strong focus on personalization.

The company has raised over $13.5 million in funding and is reportedly profitable with a robust growth trajectory.

Thesis has garnered support from health and wellness advocates like Dr. Andrew Huberman, Rich Roll, Kevin Love, and Kate Bock.

Thesis Nootropics

Customized Blends For Cognitive Enhancement

Take the quiz and see which blends are right for you.

Thesis Nootropic Ingredients

Thesis have six unique blends designed to target various aspects of cognitive function. What’s similar between them is the option to include or exclude caffeine and L-theanine. The caffeine and l-theanine combination is the most potent instant nootropic, making each blend effective.

The caffeine L-theanine stack benefits physical and cognitive function. Some advantages include faster reaction time, faster visual processing speed, better working memory, increased awareness, and less tiredness and mental fatigue [1] [2] .

The research employs a 2:1 L-theanine to caffeine ratio, which Thesis has followed. Since this stack is available in every blend, I won’t include it in the ingredients breakdown below.

Thesis Clarity Blend

Alpha gpc (speculative).

Alpha GPC, a choline-containing phospholipid, improves cognitive function in neurological conditions like dementia [3] .

Research indicates it enhances memory and attention and may support brain health. Clinical trials show it can improve cognitive performance, especially when combined with other treatments like donepezil [4] .

It’s generally well-tolerated and safe. Alpha GPC increases acetylcholine levels in the brain, which is essential for memory and learning [5] .

It’s used both as a medicine and a nutritional supplement. Studies suggest Alpha GPC effectively boosts cognitive functions, particularly in adult-onset dementia disorders [6] .

Thesis Clarity Blend contains 500 mg, which is more than any other nootropic available.

Lions Mane Mushroom (Speculative)

The Lion’s Mane mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) includes chemicals that stimulate nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis, which is necessary for nerve cell proliferation and differentiation [7] .

According to research, Lion’s Mane improves cognitive abilities, particularly memory and brain cell regeneration [8] .

It is renowned for its neuroprotective qualities, which may be effective in treating illnesses such as Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive impairment [9] .

Brain functioning, memory, and mood improvements have been linked to regular ingestion [10] .

While the mushroom does not directly improve cognitive skills, it does increase NGF, which improves brain health [11] . The dosage varies but is generally well-tolerated and has few negative effects.

Thesis Clarity contains 500 mg of Lions Mane, which may give a long-term nootropic effect.

Mycelium is typically avoided since the active chemicals are found in the primary mushroom. Jeff Chilton, a long-time mushroom researcher, discusses this in the podcast below:

Camellia Sinensis Tea Leaf (Speculative)

Camellia Sinensis, commonly known as tea, exhibits varying neuropharmacological effects based on the part of the plant used.

Seed extracts tend to be more stimulating, enhancing motor functions and showing potential as an antidepressant without causing drowsiness.

Leaf extracts, on the other hand, tend to produce a calming effect on the mind and mood. Both seeds and leaves have shown positive results in various tests assessing motor function and behavior in animal models [12] .

The study suggests these parts of the Camellia Sinensis plant have potential as cognitive enhancers, warranting further research, especially on seed extracts for their mode of action and possible new beneficial compounds.

I couldn’t find any human studies for this ingredient, so I can’t give you an efficacious dose range. But Thesis Clarity contains 278 mg of Camellia Sinensis Tea Leaf.

Dihydroxyflavone

Dihydroxyflavone research is all performed in rodents, so extrapolating to humans is rather challenging. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) is a compound that acts as an agonist for the TrkB receptor, which is associated with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).

BDNF is crucial for neuronal survival and brain plasticity. Studies have shown that 7,8-DHF can improve memory and cognitive functions [13] .

It enhanced memory formation in healthy rats, and in Alzheimer’s disease mouse models, it improved spatial memory [14] .

Further, 7,8-DHF has been shown to counteract aging-related cognitive impairments in rats, improving spatial memory and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus [15] .

This suggests that 7,8-DHF is a potential therapeutic agent for memory impairment and dementia, at least in rodents.

Thesis Energy Blend Ingredients

Citicoline is commonly mentioned in relation to memory enhancement. According to studies, 500 mg daily may improve episodic memory or the ability to recall personal experiences and specific events [16] .

According to other research, taking at least 500 mg of this supplement daily may provide cognitive benefits to healthy persons [17] .

The formulation of Thesis Energy Blend contains 300 mg of Citicoline. This dose may not achieve the full potential seen in studies proposing a higher dose.

Mango leaf extract, rich in the polyphenolic compound mangiferin, shows promise in neuropharmacology due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties.

Studies indicate its potential in treating central complications associated with metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes, which are risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia [18] .

In animal models, mango leaf extract has demonstrated effects on reducing brain inflammation and spontaneous bleeding and improving cognitive functions [19] .

These findings suggest its utility in addressing symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive impairments [20] .

Thesis Energy contains 300 mg of mango leaf.

Theacrine is a purine alkaloid similar to caffeine, found in the Camellia Kucha plant, and often included in dietary supplements.

Studies show that it can increase energy, focus, and cognitive performance, similar to caffeine, but without habituation [21] .

Theacrine’s impact on cognitive performance and physical endurance has been researched in athletes, indicating possible benefits in reaction time and endurance [22] .

It may work well alone or in combination with caffeine to enhance cognitive function and physical performance [23] .

Theacrine appears to be a promising supplement for improving mental alertness and physical capacity. Bear in mind the manufacturers of Theacrine fund some of these studies.

Thesis Energy contains 100 mg of Theacrine, which tends to be less than the dose used in these studies, suggesting it may have a weaker effect.

N-Acetyl Cysteine

N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is explored for its potential to improve cognitive functions in psychosis and bipolar disorder due to its antioxidant, neurogenesis, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Studies show N-acetyl cysteine can improve working memory in psychosis [24] . However, results in bipolar disorder didn’t show significant cognitive improvements [25] .

Research indicates potential benefits for Alzheimer’s disease by promoting cognitive health and countering oxidative stress [26] .

The effectiveness of N-acetyl cysteine in various cognitive disorders still requires more targeted, larger studies to confirm its benefits [27] .

N-acetyl cysteine’s role is promising but not yet firmly established in cognitive enhancement.

In human trials, it seems a 600 – 2000 mg dose is needed for cognitive benefits. Thesis Energy contains 500 mg, being potentially underdosed.

Indian Trumpet Tree

Indian Trumpet Tree is known as Oroxylum indicum. In a 12-week study, older adults with memory complaints took 500 mg of Oroxylum indicum extract twice daily [28] .

Compared to a placebo, this supplementation led to improvements in episodic memory and numeric working memory. It also accelerated learning in location tasks.

However, there were no significant changes in other cognitive tests or overall cognitive and memory skills.

The study suggests that Oroxylum indicum, while well-tolerated, may primarily enhance specific memory functions.

Its potential effects could be linked to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and interactions with neurotransmitters like dopamine and GABA.

This is the only human study on the Indian Trumpet Tree, so more research is needed to fully understand its impact on cognitive health. Thesis Energy only contains 100 mg of this, making it potentially underdosed.

L-tyrosine, an amino acid, has been shown to increase dopamine levels in the brain. L-tyrosine supplementation has improved cognitive regulation, particularly in mentally demanding settings [29] .

It is especially helpful in improving cognitive flexibility, which is impacted by dopamine.

While L-Tyrosine’s promise for treating clinical problems and improving physical activity is limited, it is useful in stressful or cognitively taxing situations.

It has the greatest cognitive benefits when neurotransmitter activity is intact, but dopamine and norepinephrine levels are momentarily decreased [30] .

According to research, optimal doses for cognitive improvement begin at a minimum of 2 grams. That is more than six times the dose in Thesis Energy.

Thesis Creativity Blend Ingredients

Thesis Creativity contains 150 mg of Alpha GPC, yet their Clarity Blend contains 500 mg. I’m not sure why there is a large discrepancy, especially when 500 mg is likely a more efficacious dose.

Agmatine Sulfate

Currently, agmatine sulfate has only been tested in rodents. It is a central nervous system (CNS) neurotransmitter/neuromodulator that has been studied for its potential effects on stress-related conditions like depression, anxiety, and cognitive performance.

Research suggests that agmatine can have antidepressant and anxiolytic (anxiety-reducing) effects, possibly related to its influence on the nitric oxide pathway [31] .

It may reduce oxidative stress and corticosterone levels while increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is beneficial for brain health.

Agmatine sulfate has been shown to be safe and well-tolerated in animal studies, with oral administration effectively increasing its levels in the brain [32] .

This indicates potential for therapeutic use in neurological disorders, though more research is needed to fully understand its effects and mechanisms.

Thesis Creativity contains 250 mg. In these studies, patients were administered 15-600 mg per kg, which is a much higher dose.

Panax Ginseng

Panax ginseng is available in two varieties: white ginseng and red ginseng. It has vasorelaxant and moderately hypotensive effects on nitric oxide generation in the body [33] .

It increases antioxidant enzyme activity and may prevent oxidative damage associated with aging in rats [34] .

Ginseng has shown promise in boosting memory, particularly in age-related cognitive decline, as well as in improving mental and physical resilience, reducing fatigue, and assisting the body in adapting to stress [35] .

Daily doses of 200 mg extract or 0.5 to 2 g dry root are recommended. It is not suggested for persons with acute asthma or hypertension because it may cause overstimulation and elevate blood pressure in excessive dosages.

Thesis Creativity has an effective dose of 200 mg, which may provide you with these mental performance benefits.

Ashwagandha Root

Ashwagandha is a traditional herbal remedy used to improve various health conditions. Animal studies have shown that it can increase blood cell counts, which might enhance aerobic capacity [36] .

It also demonstrates the potential to reduce oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, which could be beneficial in treating disorders like tardive dyskinesia [37] .

Additionally, Ashwagandha has shown nootropic effects and might be useful in treating Alzheimer’s disease [38] . Recommended dosages range from 6 to 10 grams of ground roots or 100 to 1250 mg of extract daily [39] [40] .

It’s generally safe but should be used cautiously, especially in cases of hyperthyroidism or pregnancy. High doses can have sedative effects and may cause gastrointestinal issues.

Thesis Creativity contains 300 mg of Ashwagandha, which is within the recommended range for cognitive benefits.

Sceletium Tortuosum

Sceletium tortuosum, also known as Kanna, is traditionally used for its mood-enhancing properties. It’s been studied for its potential in treating cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s [41] .

Research suggests its constituents could target enzymes and receptors relevant to these diseases, offering neuroprotective benefits like antioxidant activity [42] .

Additionally, Sceletium Tortuosum is known for its antidepressant and anxiolytic effects, promoting relaxation and well-being, which could be beneficial in managing stress, anxiety, and depression [43] .

The plant’s bioactive alkaloids are also being explored for commercial medicinal use.

The 25 mg dose in Thesis Creativity is the same as used within the human trials.

Thesis Motivation Blend Ingredients

L-phenylalanine.

L-phenylalanine is a vital amino acid and has been explored for its potential benefits in managing conditions like attention deficit disorder and depression.

In studies, doses of up to 1200 mg showed initial improvements in mood and attention in individuals with attention deficit disorder, but tolerance developed over 2-4 months [44] .

In another study involving depressed patients, a dosage range of 75–200 mg/day for 20 days led to significant improvements in 12 out of 20 patients [45] .

However, the effectiveness and safety of L-phenylalanine can vary, and it is used in the treatment of various conditions, including depression and arthritis, and even as part of addiction recovery [46] .

Thesis Motivation has a 500 mg dose, which may provide some of these benefits. Will it improve motivation? I’m not sure.

Methylliberine

Methylliberine is a purine alkaloid explored for its cognitive and mood-enhancing effects. Studies have shown it can improve concentration, motivation, and mood, especially when combined with caffeine.

Methylliberine also appears to positively affect energy levels and well-being without significantly impacting vital signs like heart rate and blood pressure [47] .

These findings suggest its potential as a nootropic supplement, particularly for enhancing cognitive function and mood in various contexts, such as gaming or in tactical scenarios [48] [49] .

However, it’s essential to consider the dosage and combination with other compounds like caffeine for optimal effects.

The 100 mg dose in Thesis Motivation aligns with the current research.

Vitamin B12 (Speculative)

Vitamin B12 is essential for cognitive health and may be linked to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.

Low levels of B12 are associated with cognitive impairment, but supplementation is only shown to be effective in improving cognition in cases of existing B12 deficiency [50] .

There is limited evidence that increasing B12 levels benefits people without B12 deficiency [51] .

B12’s impact on cognitive health may involve multiple mechanisms, including brain volume and function [52] . However, more extensive research is needed to fully understand its effects and potential as a cognitive enhancer.

Thesis Motivation contains 1000mcg. The research states that it may have no effect if you’re not Vitamin B12 deficient.

Forskolin (Speculative)

Forskolin has only been studied in rodents regarding cognitive function. Forskolin is an herbal extract that shows the potential to improve memory and reduce Alzheimer’s disease symptoms.

In studies, it restored nest-building and social behaviors in mice with Alzheimer-like symptoms, reduced amyloid plaque deposition, and regulated brain inflammation [53] .

Forskolin also influences memory and tau protein phosphorylation in the brain, which is relevant in Alzheimer’s [54] .

Additionally, forskolin has shown protective effects against Huntington’s disease-like neurodegeneration in rats by improving learning and memory and reducing oxidative stress [55] .

These findings indicate forskolin’s potential as a neuroprotective agent for certain neurological conditions, at least in rodents.

I’m skeptical whether 250 mg of Forskolin in Thesis Motivation will help you “feel” more motivated.

Artichoke (Speculative)

Artichoke extract is known for its prebiotic properties and promotes probiotic bacteria growth in the gut, potentially benefiting cognitive functions in mice [56] .

In elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment, combining artichoke extract and aerobic training improved cognitive status and reduced blood glucose and insulin resistance [57] .

Artichoke varieties Spinoso Sardo and Romanesco Siciliano demonstrated antioxidant properties and potential protective effects against cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, with Romanesco Siciliano showing higher antioxidant power [58] .

The 450 mg dose is well under the dose used in these studies.

Thesis Confidence Blend Ingredients

Saffron (speculative).

Saffron is traditionally used in herbal medicine and shows promise in improving cognitive function in individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) [59] .

Research indicates that saffron’s effectiveness is comparable to common drugs used for these conditions without increasing side effects. It’s also well-tolerated in cognitively normal individuals [60] .

However, most current studies have a high risk of bias. More comprehensive, low-bias clinical trials are needed to confirm saffron’s potential as a treatment for cognitive impairments like AD and MCI.

All of the research used 30 mg of saffron daily. Thesis Confidence has 28 mg, and I’m unsure why they formulated it without the extra 2 mg.

Magnesium Bisglycinate

Magnesium is essential for brain functions and has been researched for its potential cognitive benefits. Magnesium is particularly effective in increasing brain magnesium levels and has shown promise in improving memory and cognition in healthy adults [61] .

However, its role in anxiety and mood disorders is less clear [62] .

Studies indicate magnesium may help reduce symptoms of depression, but results are not consistent across all mental health conditions [63] .

Further research is needed to conclusively establish magnesium’s effectiveness and appropriate use as a therapeutic supplement in various psychiatric and cognitive disorders [64] .

500 mg of magnesium may help if you’re deficient, but there’s no clear benefit to making you more confident.

Sage (Speculative)

Sage is known as Salvia and has been traditionally known to enhance memory. A recent study supports this, showing that acute ingestion of sage oil can significantly improve immediate word recall in healthy young adults [65] .

This suggests that sage may positively influence cognitive functions like memory, potentially due to its acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity in the brain.

However, this has not been replicated.

While historically used for various mental disorders, such as depression and age-related memory loss, contemporary research is needed to fully understand its benefits and potential as a cognitive enhancer.

Regardless of the 333 mg dose, this is one of the more speculative ingredients in all Thesis blends.

Sceletium Tortuosum (Speculative)

As mentioned in the Creativity Blend, Sceletium Tortuosum is known for its mood-enhancing properties. It is the same dose of 25 mg, which is used in human trials.

Magnolia Bark (Speculative)

Magnolia officinalis is commonly used in traditional medicine for mental disorders like anxiety and depression and shows potential as a nootropic supplement.

Studies have demonstrated that its ethanol extract can improve cognitive function and memory in stress-induced situations. It also exhibits anxiolytic properties, reducing anxiety-related behaviors in rats [66] .

The extract’s effectiveness is also evident in lowering stress-induced increases in corticosterone and tyrosine hydroxylase levels.

Moreover, Magnolia officinalis, especially its component honokiol, has neuroprotective effects and can regulate mood disorders by modulating GABA and CB1 receptors in rats [67] .

These are rodent studies, so it’s impossible to extrapolate to humans. Regardless, it’s included based on the mechanistic data with the theory of doing the same thing in humans with the 10 mg dose.

Ashwagandha Leaf & Root

The 120 mg of root and leaf ashwagandha may be enough to have a nootropic effect as the extract dose is between 100-1200 mg, as stated in the Creativity Blend section. However, this is root and leaf, and the main benefits are derived from the root.

Thesis Logic Blend Ingredients

Ginko biloba.

Ginkgo biloba is extracted from the leaves and fruit to improve cognitive function. Its compounds include antioxidants, enhance blood flow, and have anti-inflammatory properties.

Ginkgo biloba extract has been shown in animal studies to help with chronic brain difficulties by modifying inflammatory mediators and the cholinergic system [68] .

It has been shown in clinical trials to improve working memory and processing speed [69] . However, its usefulness in healthy people under the age of 60 is debatable [70] .

Typical daily doses vary from 120 to 300 mg. Although side effects are uncommon, they can include stomach irritation and headaches, which may cause blood to thin, affecting people on certain drugs.

Thesis Logic contains 160 mg of Ginkgo Biloba, which is within the recommended dosage range.

Theobromine

Theobromine is a compound found in chocolate and has been studied for its potential cognitive effects.

Research indicates that theobromine might have a lesser immediate nootropic effect compared to caffeine but could have neuroprotective benefits with long-term consumption, possibly reducing Alzheimer’s disease-related pathology [71] .

Further studies are needed to fully understand its impact on cognition.

Additionally, theobromine’s effects on mood and vigilance appear to be different from caffeine, with some studies suggesting it might not significantly influence these aspects in nutritionally relevant doses [72] .

However, combining theobromine with caffeine could modify its effects, potentially offering cognitive and mood benefits without significant blood pressure increases [73] .

More research is required to confirm theobromine’s cognitive and mood-related effects.

Thesis Logic contains 100 mg of theobromine, but it seems doses greater than 400 mg are needed to enhance cognition.

Phosphatidylserine

Phosphatidylserine is essential for proper brain function. Phosphatidylserine has been proven to be critical for maintaining nerve cell membranes and myelin, which is required for successful neurotransmission [74] .

Phosphatidylserine can help reverse cognitive loss as the brain ages by boosting cognitive activities such as memory formation, learning, concentration, and problem-solving [75] .

It is well absorbed in humans and crosses the blood-brain barrier.

Supplements containing phosphatidylserine have been shown to increase cognitive functions and are generally well-tolerated, with dosages ranging from 100 to 800 mg per day advised for cognitive support [76] [77] .

Thesis Logic contains 400 mg of phosphatidylserine, which may provide you with these cognitive-enhancing effects.

High DHA Algae

DHA is a vital component of neuronal membranes and plays an important role in brain health and cognitive function.

Adult cognitive abilities are improved by DHA consumption, especially when paired with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) [78] .

This impact is most noticeable in older people who have mild memory problems. Higher DHA and EPA doses (above 1 g per day) have been associated with better episodic memory.

Observational studies also show a link between DHA/EPA intake and memory performance in the elderly. DHA, both alone and in combination with EPA, improves memory in the elderly.

Thesis Logic contains 200 mg of DHA, suggesting insufficient DHA to provide a benefit.

Triacetyluridine (Speculative)

Triacetyluridine is being explored as a potential treatment for bipolar depression. In a study involving eleven patients with bipolar depression, high doses of triacetyluridine (up to 18 g per day) were administered over 6 weeks [79] .

The study measured the effects on depression symptoms using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and evaluated cellular bioenergetics using phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (P-MRSI).

Results indicated significant early improvement in depression symptoms.

Additionally, triacetyluridine responders showed notable differences in pH changes from baseline, suggesting triacetyluridine may improve mitochondrial function and reduce symptoms of depression.

Thesis Logic has 30 mg of triacetyluridine, which is well below the dose used in this study.

Bacopa Monnieri

Bacopa monnieri is a traditional plant that has been shown to improve cognitive performance, particularly memory.

Bacopa extract, namely bacosides A and B, has been demonstrated in studies to increase memory formation, recall, and cognitive function [80] .

It has neuroprotective properties and is used to treat cognitive dysfunctions such as Alzheimer’s disease.

Adults should take between 200 and 400 mg each day. Bacopa is generally well accepted, with only rare reports of mild drowsiness or stomach difficulties.

Clinical trials show that older people have better memory, attention, mood, and overall cognitive ability [81] [82] [83] . More research is needed, however, to thoroughly grasp its usefulness across many cognitive domains.

Thesis Logic contains 320 mg of Bacopa, giving you the efficacious dose to feel these benefits.

Thesis Nootropics Price

Thesis has two options: one time purchase or a subscription. Here’s how the prices break down:

• Subscription = $79
• One Time Purchase = $119

This is regardless of whether you purchase a personalized starter kit or build your own box.

You can’t buy them individually either. You must purchase 4 boxes. When building your own, you can choose if you want 4 of the same blend or mix and match.

They want you to try each blend for a week as part of the starter kit (there’s only a week’s worth of each blend in each container) to see which you like best.

Thesis has positioned itself as the most expensive nootropic available by adding the personalized element.

Is Thesis Nootropics Really Personalized?

I went through the initial quiz to see how they “personalize” their nootropic stack.

Here is what they recommended me:

Look, I get the marketing angle. In no way is this a truly personalized nootropic product. It’d be nearly impossible to create custom formulations for every unique individual.

However, the fact they have multiple blends means people can experiment to find which works best for them.

I will say, though, if you choose the caffeine options, every blend will work. Many of the ingredients used in these blends are speculative and only based on animal research, with many being underdosed.

Benefits Of Thesis Nootropics

Multiple blends for different purposes.

To be honest, this benefit is more of a marketing tactic. However, some people may find certain blends jive well with them over others, giving you options within the same brand.

Further, Thesis claims the ingredients in each formulation work synergistically. There’s no research to back that claim, but at least know there are no negative side effects from their interaction.

Options For Stimulants Or Not

You can choose whether or not you want stimulants within your Thesis Blends. Every blend will provide similar benefits if you add the caffeine and L-theanine nootropic stack, which is the most potent synergistic brain booster.

However, if you’re already a coffee addict or plan to take Thesis in the evening, having no stimulants is the better option.

My Experience With Thesis

Based on my quiz, I was recommended Thesis Clarity, Logic, Motivation, and Confidence Blends. I tried each for a week to see if one stood out. I took them without caffeine as they all work if you have the caffeine L-theanine stack.

I have to say the Confidence and Motivation Blends did absolutely nothing for me. I didn’t “feel” any brain-boosting effects or feel more confident or motivated.

I felt the Logic and Clarity Blends had small positive effects when concentrating on mentally demanding tasks like writing, coaching, or podcasting.

If I were to continue taking Thesis, I’d opt for either of these two blends.

Who Is Thesis For?

Busy working professionals.

Thesis Nootropics are ideal for busy professionals facing demanding schedules and high-stress environments. These blends can help enhance focus, improve decision-making, and increase productivity.

They are designed to support sustained mental energy throughout the day, enabling professionals to manage their workload more effectively without the usual mental fatigue.

Creative Artists

For creative artists, Thesis offers blends that stimulate creativity and enhance divergent thinking. These nootropics can aid in breaking through creative blocks, fostering innovative thinking, and maintaining a heightened state of inspiration.

They are particularly beneficial for artists seeking longer periods of creative flow and those seeking fresh perspectives.

Students can significantly benefit from Thesis Nootropics, especially during intense studying or when facing challenging academic projects.

The blends are formulated to enhance memory retention, improve concentration, and boost learning capabilities. This makes them a valuable tool for students who need to absorb and retain large amounts of information and perform well in academic assessments.

Gamers find Thesis Nootropics beneficial for improving their gaming performance. The blends can enhance reaction times, increase focus, and improve strategic thinking skills.

They are particularly useful during long gaming sessions, helping gamers stay alert and responsive, which is crucial in competitive gaming scenarios.

Coffee Haters

Thesis Nootropics provides an excellent alternative for those who dislike coffee or want to avoid caffeine jitters.

These blends offer a way to boost mental energy and alertness without relying on caffeine. This makes them ideal for individuals sensitive to caffeine or those seeking to reduce caffeine intake while maintaining high cognitive function.

User Testimonials And Reviews

You can’t access the review database on the Thesis website, so I did some digging to find user reviews. Here’s a couple of positive reviews:

“I must admit that during the weeks that I consistently take them, I perform better & I generally feel better just knowing I’ve ingested something intended to positively alter my natural brain state. Minor tasks/chores no longer seem as daunting and I get this underlying kick to complete my work well.” – ParsnipExtreme2502 (Reddit)

“I didn’t find Weeks 1 and 4 to do anything for me, but Weeks 2 and 3 really helped avoid the post-lunch, post-work slumps I tend to get now that I’ve been working from home; Energy is especially useful for days when I haven’t gotten enough sleep the night before.” – leftylucy88 (Reddit)

I can’t find many negative reviews other than potential side effects like migraines, which can be caused by many different factors.

Thesis Side Effects

Side effects are rare from the ingredients in these blends. I personally didn’t have any adverse reactions to the four blends I tried. However, like any supplement, they may have potential side effects.

Consult with a healthcare provider before starting any nootropic regimen, especially if they have pre-existing health conditions, are pregnant or breastfeeding, or are taking other medications.

Thesis Alternatives

If Thesis Nootropics isn’t quite the right match for you or you’re just curious about other products, here are some alternatives I’ve tried and can provide an insider’s look into.

SAP Nutra nootropic Nooceptin improves memory, concentration, and cognitive performance without stimulants. It offers gradual brain health gains.

It improves memory and focus and provides a prolonged boost without a caffeine crash. Students, gamers, professionals, and seniors should use Nooceptin to boost cognition.

This brain supplement contains Lion’s Mane Extract, Citicoline, Rhodiola Rosea Extract, L-Theanine, Bacopa Monnieri, Ginkgo Biloba, and Panax Ginseng.

Some of these compounds have been shown to be useful, but others are experimental. Nooceptin, a non-stimulant method for long-term cognitive enhancement, usually works after 7-14 days.

Despite the risk of underdosed components and increased cost, Nooceptin may provide a stimulant-free cognitive boost.

Read more in our Nooceptin review .

Mind Lab Pro

Mind Lab Pro is a popular nootropic that has gained appeal as a result of its alleged cognitive benefits.

Pure substances are used in its formulation, which is intended to improve mental clarity and attention. It is stimulant-free, making it an excellent choice for anyone seeking a well-rounded routine.

Its unique combination of 11 research-backed components distinguishes it from competitors in the brain health supplement sector.

These compounds were carefully chosen to help cognitive processes like memory, focus, mental clarity, mood, and cognitive processing speed.

Despite some criticism about the quantity of specific substances and the need for more scientific data, Mind Lab Pro has earned worldwide recognition for its ability to improve cognitive performance in professionals, students, the elderly, and athletes.

Our Mind Lab Pro review goes into great detail.

Braini distinguishes itself by being stimulant-free, providing long-term results, and having a short ingredient list focusing on long-term cognitive gains. It does not, however, deliver the immediate euphoric boost that some users may expect from a brain supplement.

Peptylin, a silk protein peptide with neuroprotective effects and potential benefits for executive function; NeurXcel, which is rich in omega fatty acids; and Wild Canadian Blueberry extract, which is known for its antioxidant characteristics and cognitive support, are all key ingredients in Braini.

Braini is backed by clinical trials, a 60-day money-back guarantee, and a 30-day challenge to scientifically quantify changes in brain function.

Our Braini review contains an in-depth breakdown.

Vyvamind is a nootropic supplement containing caffeine and L-theanine to help focus and improve cognitive performance. Users claim increased focus, vitality, and cognitive abilities without big crashes.

Vyvamind’s formulation, which contains less L-tyrosine and citicoline than some studies suggest, is intended to supplement the major nootropic duo of caffeine and L-theanine.

This combination is well-known for boosting concentration and cognitive function. The supplement is touted as a non-stimulant alternative, appealing to clients seeking a more natural and less intensive approach to cognitive growth.

Vyvamind is suitable for coffee-averse people, busy professionals who require a focus boost, and students during study sessions.

Our Vyvamind review goes into great detail.

Because of its purported fast cognitive effects, NooCube is a popular brain-boosting product. NooCube contains ingredients such as Bacopa Monnieri, L-Tyrosine, and L-Theanine.

These are well-known for their mental health advantages. Several compounds, such as Huperzine-A and Alpha GPC, remain speculative without additional investigation.

NooCube is intended to improve cognition and alertness without using stimulants, and the amounts of each ingredient are clearly labeled.

Because it gives different cognitive benefits without the jittery side effects associated with caffeine, NooCube is especially good for working professionals, students, elders, gamers, and combat athletes.

Our detailed analysis can be found in our NooCube review .

Frequently Asked Questions

What is thesis nootropic and what does it do.

Thesis Nootropic is a personalized supplement formulated to enhance cognitive functions. Users can expect improvements in focus, reduction in procrastination, stress management, and memory recall, depending on which blend you choose.

Does Thesis Work Like Adderall?

Thesis Nootropics and Adderall are used to enhance cognitive functions, but they are fundamentally different. Adderall is primarily prescribed for treating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.

Adderall is an amphetamine, classified as a controlled substance due to its strong stimulating effects and potential for abuse and dependency.

Thesis Nootropics are dietary supplements designed to enhance healthy individuals’ cognitive functions, such as memory, focus, and mental clarity. They are not intended to treat medical conditions like ADHD.

How Long Does It Take Thesis Nootropics To Work?

If you have the caffeine version, within 30 minutes. You may feel the non-stimulant blends kicking in just as quickly, but they won’t be as pronounced. Sometimes, they can take multiple weeks to feel them working.

I’ve taken a deep dive into the world of nootropics and shared my firsthand experience with Thesis Nootropic’s various blends. While the personalization is nothing more than a marketing tactic, the different blends are a nice touch for those who want to experiment with different ingredients.

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New Drugs to Treat ADHD: Opportunities and Challenges in Research and Development

• First Online: 30 April 2022

Cite this chapter

• David J. Heal 9 , 10 ,
• Jane Gosden 9 &
• Sharon L. Smith 9  

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences ((CTBN,volume 57))

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Since the landmark MTA (Multimodal Treatment of ADHD) trial unequivocally demonstrated the efficacy of methylphenidate, catecholaminergic drugs, especially stimulants, have been the therapeutic mainstay in treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). We review the new drugs which have entered the ADHD formulary. The lessons learned from drug-candidates that have succeeded in clinical trials together with those that have not have also been considered. What emerges confirms and consolidates the hypothesis that clinically effective ADHD drugs indirectly or directly increase catecholaminergic neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Attempts to enhance catecholaminergic signalling through modulatory neurotransmitter systems or cognitive-enhancing drugs have all failed. New drugs approved for ADHD are catecholaminergic reuptake inhibitors and releasing agents, or selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors. Triple reuptake inhibitors with preferential effects on dopamine have not been successful. The substantial number of failures probably accounts for a continued focus on developing novel catecholaminergic and noradrenergic drugs, and a dearth of drug-candidates with novel mechanisms entering clinical development. However, substantial improvements in ADHD pharmacotherapy have been achieved by the almost exclusive use of once-daily medications and prodrugs, e.g. lisdexamfetamine and Azstarys ® , which improve compliance, deliver greater efficacy and reduce risks for diversion and abuse.

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Guanfacine extended release: a new pharmacological treatment option in europe.

Dasotraline for the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Proof-of-Concept Trial in Adults

Abbreviations.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

ADHD Research Scale

Adverse event

Adult ADHD Investigator Symptom Rating Scale

Binge-eating disorder

Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Version 11

Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function

Schedule 2; Schedule 4 controlled drug

Clinical Global Impressions Scale

Central nervous system

Dopamine reuptake transporter

Double-blind, randomized clinical trials

Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire Brief Version

Extended release

Food and Drug Administration

Immediate release

Lisdexamfetamine

Multimodal treatment of ADHD

Noradrenaline (norepinephrine)

Norepinephrine reuptake transporter

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence

National Survey on Drug Use and Health

Permanent Product Measure of Performance

Prefrontal cortex/Frontal cortex

Serdexmethylphenidate

Serotonin reuptake transporter

Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn and Pelham scale

Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale adapted for Binge Eating

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Heal, D.J., Gosden, J., Smith, S.L. (2022). New Drugs to Treat ADHD: Opportunities and Challenges in Research and Development. In: Stanford, S.C., Sciberras, E. (eds) New Discoveries in the Behavioral Neuroscience of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 57. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2022_332

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medications and Work Disability and Mental Health Outcomes

Heidi taipale.

1 Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

2 Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland

3 School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

Jakob Bergström

Katalin gèmes, antti tanskanen, lisa ekselius.

4 Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz

Magnus helgesson.

5 Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Health Equity and Working Life, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Accepted for Publication: January 24, 2024.

Published: March 20, 2024. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.2859

Open Access: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License . © 2024 Taipale H et al. JAMA Network Open .

Author Contributions: Drs Taipale and Bergström had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

Concept and design: Taipale, Gémes, Tanskanen, Ekselius, Helgesson.

Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Taipale, Bergström, Gémes, Tanskanen, Mittendorfer-Rutz, Helgesson.

Drafting of the manuscript: Taipale.

Critical review of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.

Statistical analysis: Taipale, Bergström.

Obtained funding: Helgesson.

Administrative, technical, or material support: Gémes, Tanskanen, Mittendorfer-Rutz, Helgesson.

Supervision: Helgesson.

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Taipale reported receiving personal fees from Gedeon Richter, Janssen, Lundbeck, and Otsuka; and grants from Janssen and Eli Lilly outside the submitted work. Dr Tanskanen reported receiving personal fees from Janssen and Eli Lilly outside the submitted work. Dr Ekselius reported receiving personal fees from Lundbeck and Studentlitteratur outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.

Funding/Support: This study was funded by the AFA Insurance Agency (grant number 180295).

Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funder had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

Data Sharing Statement: See Supplement 2 .

Associated Data

eFigure 2. Risk of Psychiatric Hospitalization Associated With Specific ADHD Drugs (Compared to Nonuse of ADHD Drugs) in Within-Individual Design Among Those Aged ≥30 Years at Baseline

eFigure 3. Risk of Psychiatric Hospitalization Associated With Specific ADHD Drugs (Compared to Nonuse of ADHD Drugs) in Within-Individual Design Among Women

eFigure 4. Risk of Psychiatric Hospitalization Associated With Specific ADHD Drugs (Compared to Nonuse of ADHD Drugs) in Within-Individual Design Among Men

eFigure 5. Risk of Psychiatric Hospitalization Associated With Specific ADHD Drugs (Compared to Nonuse of ADHD Drugs) in Traditional Between-Individual Design

eFigure 6. Risk of Psychiatric Suicide Attempt/Death Associated With Specific ADHD Drugs (Compared to Nonuse of ADHD Drugs) in Traditional Between-Individual Design

eFigure 7. Risk of Nonpsychiatric Hospitalization Associated With Specific ADHD Drugs (Compared to Nonuse of ADHD Drugs) in Traditional Between-Individual Design

eFigure 8. Risk of Work Disability Associated With Specific ADHD Drugs (Compared to Nonuse of ADHD Drugs) in Traditional Between-Individual Design

eFigure 9. Risk of Work Disability Associated With Specific ADHD Drugs (Compared to Nonuse of ADHD Drugs) in Within-Individual Design Among Those Aged 16-29 Years at Baseline

eFigure 10. Risk of Work Disability Associated With Specific ADHD Drugs (Compared to Nonuse of ADHD Drugs) in Within-Individual Design Among Those Aged ≥30 Years at Baseline

eFigure 11. Risk of Work Disability Associated With Specific ADHD Drugs (Compared to Nonuse of ADHD Drugs) in Within-Individual Design Among Women

eFigure 12. Risk of Work Disability Associated With Specific ADHD Drugs (Compared to Nonuse of ADHD Drugs) in Within-Individual Design Among Men

eTable. Number of Users, Person-Years and Events for Different Outcomes During the Follow-Up in the Cohort of Persons With ADHD (N=221,714)

Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often have comorbid psychiatric conditions. Relatively little is known about how specific ADHD medications are associated with overall treatment outcomes among these patients.

To investigate the association of the use of specific ADHD medications with hospitalization outcomes and work disability among adolescents and adults with ADHD.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This nationwide register-based cohort study identified individuals (aged 16-65 years) with ADHD from Swedish nationwide registers of inpatient health care, specialized outpatient health care, sickness absence, and disability pension during the years 2006 to 2021. Data analysis was performed from November 2022 to August 2023.

Use of specific ADHD medications.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome measure was psychiatric hospitalization, and secondary outcomes were suicide attempt and/or death by suicide, nonpsychiatric hospitalization, and work disability (ie, sickness absence or disability pension). The risk of outcomes between use vs nonuse periods of ADHD medications was compared in a within-individual design, where a person acts as their own control, and was analyzed with stratified Cox models.

A total of 221 714 persons with ADHD were included in the study cohort (mean [SD] age, 25.0 [11.2] years; 120 968 male individuals [54.6%]). Methylphenidate was the most commonly used ADHD medication (151 837 individuals [68.5%]), followed by lisdexamphetamine (78 106 individuals [35.2%]) during the follow-up (mean [SD], 7.0 [4.7] years). The following medications were associated with a decreased risk of psychiatric hospitalization: amphetamine (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.74; 95% CI, 0.61-0.90), lisdexamphetamine (aHR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.78-0.82), ADHD drug polytherapy (aHR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.82-0.88), dexamphetamine (aHR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.83-0.94), and methylphenidate (aHR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.92-0.95). No associations were found for modafinil, atomoxetine, clonidine, and guanfacine. Decreased risk of suicidal behavior was associated with the use of dexamphetamine (aHR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.53-0.89), lisdexamphetamine (aHR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.68-0.84), and methylphenidate (aHR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86-0.98). None of the medications was associated with increased risk of nonpsychiatric hospitalization; instead, use of amphetamine, lisdexamphetamine, polytherapy, dexamphetamine, methylphenidate, and atomoxetine were associated with decreased risk of nonpsychiatric hospitalization. The results regarding work disability were significant only for the use of atomoxetine (aHR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82-0.97), especially among adolescents and young adults aged 16 to 29 years, (aHR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.73-0.92).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this nationwide cohort study of adolescents and adults with ADHD, the use of ADHD medication was associated with fewer hospitalizations for both psychiatric and nonpsychiatric morbidity and lower suicidal behavior.

Are specific attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications associated with the risk of hospitalization outcomes and work disability among adolescents and adults with ADHD?

In this Swedish nationwide cohort study of 221 714 individuals with ADHD, lisdexamphetamine and other amphetamine derivatives were associated with decreased risk of psychiatric hospitalization, nonpsychiatric hospitalization, and suicide attempts and/or death by suicide.

These findings suggest that the use of ADHD medication is associated with less mental health morbidity in adolescents and adults with ADHD.

This cohort study investigates the association of specific attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications with hospitalization outcomes and work disability among Swedish adolescents and adults with ADHD.

Introduction

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, or both. 1 The prevalence of ADHD has been estimated to be approximately 5%. 2 Although symptoms start in childhood, they often persist into adulthood, with an estimated ADHD prevalence of 2.5% among adults. 3 ADHD often co-occurs with other psychiatric disorders, such as communication disorders, intellectual and learning disabilities, autism spectrum disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders. 1 Heterogeneity in symptom profiles and psychiatric comorbidities are challenges in the treatment of ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults.

Clinical care guidelines typically recommend pharmacotherapy as a part of the treatment regimen for ADHD, in addition to psychosocial interventions. 4 Both stimulant and nonstimulant medications are generally efficacious for ADHD symptoms according to a meta-analysis 5 of short-term, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials. When considering both efficacy and safety, that meta-analysis 5 supported methylphenidate use in children and adolescents and amphetamine use in adults as first-choice medications. In addition to ADHD core symptoms, there is considerable evidence that ADHD medications, especially stimulants, improve functioning and quality of life. 6 Less is known about the long-term effectiveness and safety of ADHD pharmacotherapies. Previous observational studies have reported that ADHD medication use, mainly regarding stimulants, is associated with several beneficial outcomes, such as decreased risk of suicide attempts, 7 substance use disorders, 8 depression, 9 motor vehicle accidents, 10 unintentional injuries, 11 and long-term unemployment. 12 However, there are also concerns that long-term stimulant use may be associated with adverse outcomes. Because these medications tend to increase blood pressure and heart rate, 13 they might increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. An increased risk of seizures, 14 and possibly an increased risk of psychosis or mania, 15 , 16 are also concerns. There is only preliminary and conflicting evidence from small studies on whether ADHD medication improves labor market outcomes, such as work ability. 17 , 18

A previous Swedish study 19 found that the prevalence of any psychiatric comorbidity was 52% among children and adults with ADHD, compared with only 7% among individuals without ADHD, with a lifetime prevalence of up to 92%. 20 The previous study 19 also reported that psychiatric comorbidity increased the risk of mortality among individuals with ADHD, especially when the comorbidity was substance use disorder. Because ADHD medications in long-term observational studies are associated with both beneficial psychiatric outcomes, such as decreased risk of depression and suicide, and with possible adverse outcomes such as the risk of psychosis, we aimed to investigate the association of specific ADHD medication use with the risk of psychiatric hospitalization in a nationwide cohort of adolescents and adults with ADHD. In addition, we studied the associations with suicide attempts and/or deaths, hospitalization for nonpsychiatric reasons as a general safety outcome, and work disability, defined as sickness absence and/or disability pension.

This cohort study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. According to current Swedish law, the use of registry data for research purposes does not require informed consent from individuals held in these registries. We have complied with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology ( STROBE ) reporting guidelines for cohort studies.

For this study, we included all individuals of working age, 16 to 65 years old, residing in Sweden who had received a diagnosis of ADHD between January 2006 and December 2021. A diagnosis was defined by the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) code F90 according to records in the nationwide registers of inpatient care, specialized outpatient care, sickness absence, and disability pension.

Data for the cohort were linked from several nationwide registers via unique personal identification numbers assigned to all residents at birth or immigration. Inpatient and specialized outpatient care data were collected from the National Patient Register. Information on sickness absence periods and granted disability pensions were obtained from the Microdata for Analyses of Social Insurance of the Swedish Social Insurance Agency. Purchased medication data were obtained from the Prescribed Drug Register. Dates of death were obtained from the Cause of Death Register. Sociodemographic and labor market-related data were derived from the Longitudinal Database for Health Insurance and Labor Market Studies. The cohort entry date was the date of ADHD diagnosis, except for those who had their first diagnosis recorded before the age of 16 years because they entered the cohort at the age of 16 years. The follow-up ended at death, emigration, and end of data linkage (December 31, 2021), whichever occurred first. In analyses regarding sickness absence, the person was also censored after receiving disability pension.

Exposures were ADHD medications defined as Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) code N06BA, clonidine (ATC code C02AC01), and guanfacine (ATC code C02AC02). Mixed amphetamine salts and combinations of amphetamine and dexamphetamine are coded as amphetamine, as per ATC category N06BA01. Concomitant use of 2 or more ADHD medications was defined as ADHD polytherapy and was analyzed as a separate category. Drug use periods (ie, when drug use started and ended) were constructed with the From Prescriptions to Drug Use Periods (PRE2DUP) method, a mathematical modeling method. 21 On the basis of dispensing dates and dispensed amounts, the method calculates drug use periods by restricting the use with drug package–specific parameters that define clinically relevant upper and lower limits for daily dosage. The method takes into account individual purchasing regularity, stockpiling, and hospital care periods when drugs are provided by the caring unit and not recorded in the register.

Hospitalization for any psychiatric reason (psychiatric hospitalization) was defined as ICD-10 codes F00 to F99. Suicide attempts or deaths due to suicide (suicidal behavior) were defined as ICD-10 codes X60 to X84 and codes Y10 to Y34 for hospitalizations and causes of death, and nonpsychiatric hospitalization was defined as any other code except ICD-10 codes F00 to F99. Work disability was defined as a period of sickness absence (>14 days) or granting of disability pension with any grade. In the analysis of work disability outcome, the individual was censored during sickness absence and disability pension periods because they were no longer at risk for this outcome.

For work disability analyses, additional requirements were set to ensure that individuals could be assumed to be in the labor market at cohort entry. We excluded persons who were already receiving disability pension at the cohort entry. We also required that to be included in the analyses, a person had been in the labor market at the end of the previous calendar year before cohort entry.

Statistical Analysis

Data analysis was performed from November 2022 to August 2023. Within-individual Cox regression models were used where each individual forms their own stratum and acts as their own control. Follow-up time was reset to 0 after each outcome event to allow comparison of treatment periods within each individual. The design automatically adjusts for time-invariant factors, such as genetics and baseline severity of symptoms and baseline comorbidities. The analyses were adjusted for time-varying factors, which were temporal order of treatments (ie, which medication was used as first, second, third, and so forth, including also nonuse of ADHD medications), time since cohort entry, and time-varying use of psychotropic drugs, including antidepressants (ATC code N06A), anxiolytics (ATC code N05B), hypnotics (ATC code N05C), mood stabilizers (carbamazepine [ATC code N03AF01], valproic acid [ATC code N03AG01], and lamotrigine [ATC code N03AX09]), lithium (ATC code N05AN01), antipsychotics (ATC code N05A excluding lithium), and drugs for addictive disorders (ATC code N07B). Secondary analyses for the main outcome were by stratifying on sex and by age, defined as 16 to 29 years vs 30 to 65 years. Sensitivity analyses were performed by analyzing the data with a traditional between-individual Cox regression model. Statistical significance was defined as 2-sided P  < .05. Data were analyzed with R statistical software version 4.3.2 (R Project for Statistical Computing).

The cohort included 221 714 individuals (mean [SD] age, 25.0 [11.2] years at cohort entry; 120 968 male participants [54.6%]) ( Table ). Because of the relatively young age distribution, the majority (135 199 individuals [61.0%]) had low educational status. In total, 125 164 (56.5%) had some psychiatric comorbidity, with anxiety or stress-related disorders (53 314 individuals [24.0%]) and depression and/or bipolar disorders (43 344 individuals [19.5%]) being the most common ones.

Methylphenidate was the most commonly used ADHD medication in this study, used by 68.5% of the cohort (151 837 individuals) during the follow-up period (eTable in Supplement 1 ). Lisdexamphetamine was the second most common medication (78 106 individuals [35.2%]), followed by polytherapy of ADHD medications (60 102 individuals [27.1%]) and atomoxetine (34 631 individuals [15.6%]).

During the 15 years of follow-up (mean [SD], 7.0 [4.7] years; median [IQR], 6.3 [2.9-10.5] years), 56 704 individuals (25.6%) experienced psychiatric hospitalization. Medications associated with a decreased risk of psychiatric hospitalization were amphetamine (aHR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.61-0.90), lisdexamphetamine (aHR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.78-0.82), ADHD polytherapy (aHR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.82-0.88), dexamphetamine (aHR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.83-0.94), and methylphenidate (aHR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.92-0.95), whereas no association was found for modafinil, atomoxetine, clonidine, and guanfacine ( Figure 1 and eTable in Supplement 1 ). When stratified by age at baseline, lisdexamphetamine was associated with decreased risk of psychiatric hospitalization both among adolescents and young adults (aHR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.78-0.83) and adults aged 30 years and older (aHR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.74-0.82) (eFigures 1 and 2 in Supplement 1 ). The results for amphetamine and dexamphetamine varied more, with dexamphetamine associated with decreased risk among adolescents and young adults but not among those aged 30 years and older, whereas the results for amphetamine were the opposite. Methylphenidate was associated with a decreased risk in adolescents and young adults (aHR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.89-0.93) but less so among older ones (aHR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.94-0.99). Atomoxetine was associated with decreased risk among female participants (aHR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89-0.99) but not among male participants (eFigures 3 and 4 in Supplement 1 ). Other small differences in the results of less common medications (eg, amphetamine and dexamphetamine) are likely related to lack of statistical power. The point estimates for lisdexamphetamine (0.80 in female participants vs 0.80 in male participants) and methylphenidate (0.93 in female participants vs 0.94 in male participants) were very similar between female and male participants, indicating that ADHD medications are equally effective in reducing the risk of psychiatric hospitalization between the sexes. In between-individual analyses of the main outcome, the rank order was similar to that in the main analyses, although point estimates tended to be somewhat lower than in the within-individual analyses (eFigure 5 in Supplement 1 ).

Forest plot shows adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for risk of psychiatric hospitalization associated with specific attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder drugs (vs no use of such drugs) in within-individual design.

Suicidal behavior occurred for 10 668 individuals (4.8%) during the follow-up. Use of dexamphetamine (aHR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.53-0.89), lisdexamphetamine (aHR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.68-0.84), polytherapy (aHR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74-0.98), and methylphenidate (aHR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86-0.98) were associated with a decreased risk of suicidal behavior, whereas atomoxetine was associated with an increased risk (aHR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.04-1.39) ( Figure 2 ). In between-individual analyses, all medications except guanfacine and clonidine were associated with a decreased risk of suicidal behavior (eFigure 6 in Supplement 1 ).

Forest plot shows adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for risk of suicide attempt and/or death associated with specific attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder drugs (vs no use of such drugs) in within-individual design. Drugs with fewer than 30 events are not shown.

Nonpsychiatric hospitalization happened for 58 352 individuals (26.3%), and it was used as a proxy for safety. However, we did not observe evidence of increased risk of nonpsychiatric hospitalization. In fact, the use of amphetamine (aHR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.45-0.84), lisdexamphetamine (aHR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.61-0.67), polytherapy (aHR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.62-0.72), dexamphetamine (aHR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.65-0.80), methylphenidate (aHR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.78-0.82), and atomoxetine (aHR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.78-0.90) were associated with decreased risk of nonpsychiatric hospitalization ( Figure 3 ). The results of between-individual analyses were in line with the results of the within-individual analyses (eFigure 7 in Supplement 1 ).

Forest plot shows adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for risk of nonpsychiatric hospitalization associated with specific attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder drugs (vs no use of such drugs) in within-individual design.

In the analyses of work disability, 189 380 individuals could be included because they were not receiving a disability pension at the cohort entry and fulfilled the minimum requirement for presumably being in the labor market. Of them, the work disability event was registered for 56 835 individuals (30.0%) during the mean (SD) follow-up of 6.0 (4.1) years (median [IQR], 5.5 [2.6-9.0] years). Atomoxetine was associated with a slightly decreased risk (aHR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82-0.97), and polytherapy was associated with an increased risk (aHR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05-1.20) of work disability, whereas the results for other medications were not significant ( Figure 4 ). Between-individual analyses showed somewhat decreased risk associated with the most common medications, with aHRs of 0.90 to 0.93 (eFigure 8 in Supplement 1 ). In within-individual analyses, atomoxetine (aHR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.73-0.92) and methylphenidate (aHR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.85-0.92) were associated with a decreased risk of work disability among adolescents and young adults aged 16 to 29 years but not among those aged 30 years or older (eFigures 9 and 10 in Supplement 1 ). When stratified by sex, atomoxetine was associated with decreased risk of work disability only among male participants (aHR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75-0.97) and not among female participants (aHR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.83-1.03) (eFigure 11 and 12 in Supplement 1 ).

Forest plot shows adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for risk of work disability, measured as sickness absence and/or disability pension, associated with specific attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder drugs (vs no use of such drugs) in within-individual design. The analyses included 189 380 persons who were not receiving a disability pension at the cohort entry. Drugs with fewer than 30 events are not shown.

This nationwide cohort study of 221 714 adolescents and adults with ADHD found that compared with periods when medications were not used, the use of ADHD medications, especially the stimulants lisdexamphetamine, dexamphetamine, amphetamine, and methylphenidate, was associated with a decreased risk of psychiatric hospitalization, suicidal behavior, and nonpsychiatric hospitalizations; in contrast, nonstimulant atomoxetine use was associated only with decreased risk of work disability, especially among adolescents and young adults. The overall effect on psychiatric outcomes was beneficial, and, similarly, we found a decreased (rather than increased) risk of nonpsychiatric hospitalizations.

This study is one of the first to assess the risk of outcomes among persons with ADHD associated with specific ADHD medications, because most previous studies have investigated ADHD medications as a group 10 , 12 or have focused on stimulants only 8 , 9 , 11 or grouped medications as stimulants vs nonstimulants. 7 , 22 In long-term follow-up of up to 15 years (mean, 7 years), amphetamine derivatives, especially lisdexamphetamine but also amphetamine and dexamphetamine, were associated with decreased risk of both psychiatric hospitalization and suicidal behavior. Although concerns have been raised about the potential of amphetamines and methylphenidate for increasing the risk of adverse psychiatric outcomes, such as psychosis and mania, 15 , 16 our results show that overall the net effect on psychiatric outcomes is positive. This is in line with several previous studies showing decreased risk of suicidal behavior 7 and development of substance use disorder, 8 as well as lower rates of occurrence and reoccurrence of depression 9 during ADHD drug use. There were some differences in the results when stratified by age, which can be at least partially related to statistical power issues, mainly caused by less frequent use of amphetamine among adolescents and young adults. Our results showed consistently that lisdexamphetamine was associated with decreased risk of psychiatric hospitalization and suicidal behavior, which is well in line with the results from studies concerning individuals with borderline personality disorder, 23 , 24 as well as individuals with amphetamine use disorder. 25

Methylphenidate was associated with decreased risk in adolescents and young adults (aHR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.89-0.93) but less so among older individuals (aHR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.94-0.99). This is in line with the findings of a meta-analysis of short-term RCTs, 5 which recommended methylphenidate use for children and adolescents and amphetamines for adults, although the age ranges differed from those in the current study. However, it seems that methylphenidate either is less effective among those aged 30 years or older or there is some kind of initial effect that diminishes with longer-term use, age, or course of illness, because methylphenidate is usually prescribed as the first-line medication. In this study, we cannot separate which of these time axes is more relevant. However, for all outcomes and strata studied, lisdexamphetamine had aHRs less than or equal to those for methylphenidate.

Associations of ADHD drug use with nonpsychiatric hospitalizations were mainly studied as a potential indicator of safety problems (eg, due to cardiovascular adverse effects or an increased risk of seizures). 14 , 26 However, none of the ADHD drugs was associated with increased risk of nonpsychiatric hospitalization, and amphetamine, lisdexamphetamine, polytherapy, dexamphetamine, methylphenidate, and atomoxetine were associated with decreased risk. This is in line with a previous study 26 showing decreased rather than increased risk of acute seizures among people with ADHD and comorbid epilepsy. This may be related to the fact that ADHD medication use tends to decrease the risk of unintentional injuries. 11 We investigated only hospitalizations, referring to severe events, and, thus, cannot rule out the possibility that ADHD medication use can be associated with less severe events.

The results for the nonstimulant medication atomoxetine were mixed and less clear than those for stimulants. Atomoxetine showed no association with psychiatric hospitalization, and but was associated with a 20% increased risk of suicidal behavior (aHR, 1.20), a 16% decreased risk of nonpsychiatric hospitalization (aHR, 0.84), and an 11% decreased risk of work disability (aHR, 0.89). This finding is in line with previous studies reporting generally less favorable outcomes for nonstimulants than for stimulants. 7 , 22 Atomoxetine was used by 15.6% of the study population, which made it more frequent than, for example, amphetamine and dexamphetamine, which showed decreased risk of several outcomes. Because atomoxetine is a nonstimulant drug, it is likely selectively prescribed for persons who have contraindications and for those who have experienced or who fear adverse effects of stimulants.

The results for work disability were somewhat unexpected, because we did not notice a decreased risk associated with any of the stimulant medications (except methylphenidate among adolescents and young adults), although those drugs are associated with a decreased risk of hospitalizations, which automatically lead to and describe a state of not being able to work. Atomoxetine, however, was associated with a decreased risk of work disability, especially among younger people, which may imply that perhaps atomoxetine is prescribed for patients with less-severe ADHD who have better chances of participating in working life. Previous studies by us 27 , 28 and others 18 , 29 have shown that participation in the labor market is very difficult for people with ADHD, and they may already have reached the point of exclusion from the labor market before the start of follow-up for this study. The stimulant medication use may also be connected with a higher level of adverse effects, which might hamper the ability to work at a higher grade than for nonstimulants. Even if confounding by indication might be avoided through the design of this study, we cannot know the clinical reasons, and situations for choosing a particular medication and stimulant medication may be channeled to more severe cases.

Strengths and Limitations

Strengths of this study include the use of nationwide data from a large and representative cohort of persons with ADHD and a long follow-up time. Drug dispensing was processed into drug use periods with a validated PRE2DUP method, resulting in reliable estimates of periods when drugs were used vs not used. 30 The PRE2DUP method also enabled us to study associations by drug level and by separating polytherapy of ADHD medication use from monotherapy use. We used within-individual models to minimize selection bias—namely, certain treatments are selected on the basis of patient characteristics and symptoms. The temporal order of treatments was adjusted for in the analyses, which decreases the impact of certain medications, such as methylphenidate being the first-line pharmacotherapy, whereas certain other treatments are used later in the course of illness or when first-line treatments have not been successful or tolerable.

Limitations of this study are related to the nature of the data sources used—namely, nationwide registers and the consequent lack of detailed clinical data. These include the type and severity of symptoms and concomitant symptoms related to other comorbid psychiatric conditions, which were common in the study cohort. The symptomatic phases of other psychiatric disorders were adjusted for, in part, when we adjusted for psychotropic medication use. We also lacked data on nonpharmacological treatments, including psychoeducation and psychological therapies, and whether patients actually had access to these treatments. In the analyses of work disability, data sources did not enable accurate and time-varying identification of those who are in the labor market and are at risk for this outcome (eg, due to shorter term events such as parental leave or going back to studies). This may have impacted the results of work disability by diluting the estimates toward the null values. In addition, we lacked data on sickness absence periods of less than 14 days. Suicide attempts in general are underreported, and, thus, our analyses represent attempts that have led to hospital admission. The results of this study are generalizable to health care systems resembling that of Sweden (ie, those that provide equal access to services for all residents). The study population may not represent the full spectrum of population diversity as observed across the globe.

Conclusions

In this cohort study of adolescents and adults with ADHD, the use of medications for ADHD, especially lisdexamphetamine and other stimulants, was associated with decreased risk of psychiatric hospitalizations, suicidal behavior, and nonpsychiatric hospitalizations during periods when they were used compared with periods when ADHD medication was not used. Nonstimulant atomoxetine use was associated with decreased risk of work disability. Considering the high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity in persons with ADHD, these results suggest that ADHD medication use can reduce morbidity in adolescents and adults with ADHD.

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eFigure 1. Risk of Psychiatric Hospitalization Associated With Specific ADHD Drugs (Compared to Nonuse of ADHD Drugs) in Within-Individual Design Among Those Aged 16-29 Years at Baseline

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Thesis Review: Are Personalized Nootropics Legit?

Calloway Cook Calloway Cook is the President of Illuminate Labs and has reviewed over 1,000 clinical trials. See full bio . , Author | Taylor Graber MD Taylor Graber is a Medical Doctor (MD) and a practicing anaesthesiologist. He's also an entrepreneur who runs a health and wellness startup. See full bio . , Medical Reviewer Last updated: Nov 05, 2023

Calloway Cook Calloway Cook is the President of Illuminate Labs and has reviewed over 1,000 clinical trials. See full bio . , Author

Taylor Graber MD Taylor Graber is a Medical Doctor (MD) and a practicing anaesthesiologist. He's also an entrepreneur who runs a health and wellness startup. See full bio . , Medical Reviewer Last updated: Nov 05, 2023

We review published medical research in respected scientific journals to arrive at our conclusions about a product or health topic. This ensures the highest standard of scientific accuracy.

Illuminate Labs has a team of medical experts including doctors and Registered Dietitians who are assigned to review the accuracy of health claims and medical research summaries based on the relevancy of their expertise to the article topic.

The focus of our articles is to share our opinion on the potential efficacy and safety of health trends and products.

T hesis is a wellness brand that sells personalized nootropics. The brand sells supplements with unique names like “Creativity” and “Motivation,” and claims that their individualized products are “based on your unique brain chemistry.”

But is there legitimate research backing personalized nootropics or is this just a marketing spin? Why does the brand ask for so much personal data? Are their supplements well-formulated? And how do real users rate and describe the effects of Thesis?

In this article we’ll answer all of these questions and more as we share our concerns about the marketing practices and health claims of Thesis.

We’ll also analyze the ingredients in one of their formulations based on medical research to give our take on whether or not it's likely to be effective. We’ll share customer reviews of Thesis nootropics including some from individuals with ADHD.

Is the “Personalized” Approach Fake?

The branding around Thesis is of “personalized nootropic formulas,” however this may be entirely untrue.

We submitted test answers into the health intake form of their site, along with a fake email, and after submitting all of this information we were brought to their “Starter Kit” landing page which is accessible at this link .

If you access the above link in a new window, the products suggested are the exact same, which suggests that Thesis is really collecting sensitive customer health data based on the guise of “personalized” supplements, while providing no additional value, which is a highly questionable marketing approach in our opinion.

The concept of “personalized nootropics” doesn’t even make sense, because the manufacturer would have to literally formulate and package them when a customer placed an order, unique to each customer’s order which is highly unlikely. It would make no business sense for a company to formulate millions of unique products and would be logistically impossible.

It appears that Thesis simply recommends some of their supplements to consumers based on their needs, which is not a “personalized nootropic formula,” it’s a personalized recommendation which literally any brand could offer.

This leads us to our second concern about this brand.

Rather than simply selling supplements, they require users to complete a questionnaire which asks a number of sensitive health questions. 

As shown above, the brand requires users to answer questions about their gender identity and their alcoholic intake in their health quiz. What does this have anything to do with nootropics, and why would any user share this data with a random supplement startup?

We would recommend avoiding this brand based on these marketing and data collection practices alone, but in the next section we’ll analyze the formulation of one of their products.

Ingredient Analysis

Thesis’ “Motivation Formula” contains five active ingredients: l-phenylalanine, Dynamine, vitamin B12, forskolin and artichoke extract.

L-phenylalanine is an amino acid that Thesis describes as supporting mood, attention and motivation, however these claims are uncited and we can’t find any medical evidence supporting them. 

Most of the clinical research we found on this ingredient involves obesity, with this clinical trial finding that l-phenylalanine may increase the sense of fullness and decrease calories consumed in overweight individuals, but only at a dose 20x that in Thesis’ supplement.

Dynamine is a trademarked form of methylliberine, which is a chemical compound that can be isolated from coffee beans and tea. Thesis claims that this compound “supports alertness” but this claim is uncited and we can’t find any medical evidence supporting it.

The manufacturer of this ingredient is a company called Compound Solutions, and the company even states on their website that this ingredient is “typically used in combination with caffeine and TeaCrine,” because all three of the clinical trials that the manufacturer cites on their website use Dynamine in combination with either caffeine or TeaCrine.

However, there is no caffeine or TeaCrine in Thesis Motivation.

Vitamin B12 is often included in nootropic formulations, but we’re unsure why. As we referenced in our review of another nootropic supplement called Noocube which also contains this ingredient, we can’t identify any medical evidence that vitamin B12 improves cognitive function in healthy adults without a vitamin B12 deficiency.

Forskolin was shown in an animal study to reduce memory loss, but the lowest dose used was equivalent to over 200% of the human-equivalent dose in Thesis. We can’t identify any clinical trials with human trial participants proving this compound to be an effective nootropic.

Artichoke extract is the final active ingredient, and Thesis claims that this ingredient “supports blood flow and promotes stress management.” These claims are uncited and we’re unclear on why this ingredient would be included in a nootropic formula, as even the stated health claims do not reference an explicit improvement in cognitive function.

Thesis fails to publish inactive ingredients for Motivation, which is an important consumer safety concern.

Overall we do not consider Thesis Motivation likely to be effective for improving cognitive function or productivity as we are unable to identify a single active ingredient that we would consider effective at the given dose, based on a review of clinical studies.

We do not recommend this supplement or brand, and consider this product to be one of the worst nootropic formulations that we’ve reviewed on Illuminate Health. Most nootropic supplements we review at least contain one effectively-dosed active ingredient.

We Tried Thesis Ourselves

One of our product testers named Matt Donnelly tested Thesis. Here's his experience:

I spent the month trying out the starter pack, which included CLARITY, MOTIVATION, LOGIC, and MOTIVATION.

Of the four, the only one that seemed to have any positive effect was LOGIC. It's good for “Research projects” and “Complex problem-solving” according to the packaging.

I was hoping for good results because I had been sidetracked from creative projects. It seemed like this one may have contributed to more focus overall and focused attention.

On some days I got very tired a few hours after taking the capsules, and needed to lie down in the afternoon.

There are three or four pills in each packet. It seemed to me like a lot to consume on a daily basis, and the pills are large so they could be challenging to swallow.

Overall, I would rate Thesis 3/10 and I wouldn't purchase this product again.

Thesis User Test

A YouTube creator named “LUKAS YAN” reviewed Thesis nootropics and shared his thoughts on whether or not the supplements improved his physical and mental energy:

Will Thesis Nootropics Cause Side Effects?

Thesis Nootropics do not appear to have been studied in any clinical trials, so it’s impossible to say for certain whether or not they’re likely to cause side effects. However, we can make an educated guess based on their formulations.

Most of the active ingredients in Thesis supplements appear to be safe and well-studied. We don’t have access to the full set of the brand’s supplements because instead of transparently posting all product pages they rely on the “individualized” marketing.

Our concern in regard to side effects is that the brand fails to clearly publish inactive ingredient information, and some inactive ingredients can cause side effects.

We hope that in the future Thesis publishes inactive ingredients in the same section where active ingredients are published for each supplement they sell. This is important for consumer safety.

Our Clean Nootropic Picks

Mind Lab Pro   by Performance Lab is our top premium nootropic pick.

This is the first Illuminate Labs Certified supplement, and   has been shown to be effective for short-term cognitive improvements in   two   clinical   trials   published in peer-reviewed journals.

Bulletproof MCT Oil   is our top food-based nootropic pick.

MCT oil  is derived from coconut oil, and  improved memory recall by 20% in adults   in a 2022   meta-study .

Illuminate Labs Ginkgo Biloba Extract   is our top herbal nootropic pick.

A  medical review  published in the  Psychopharmacology  journal  found that ginkgo biloba supplementation improved attention and cognitive performance in healthy, young adults.

Is Thesis Effective for ADHD?

We don’t recommend using Thesis supplements to treat any specific health condition.

There are several TikTok reviews from individuals with ADHD who tried Thesis supplements.

A TikTok user named Syd shared her experience using Thesis while having ADHD:

@sydneydelucchi Lets try @takethesis ! #nootropics #nootropicsforadhd #adhd ♬ original sound - Syd 🦋

A TikTok creator named Mike Cribbs shared her experience:

@mikacribbs Replying to @adrienne here are my initial thoughts using @Thesis 💙🩵 #takethesis #nootropics #thesis ♬ Fukashigi no Carte Lofi Hiphop (Bunny Girl Senpai) - bvyunx

We disagree with the way Thesis markets their products, and we recommend that consumers avoid giving sensitive health data to dietary supplement startups unnecessarily.

The one Thesis supplement that we analyzed based on its active ingredients, called Motivation, was underwhelming. We were unable to identify any effectively-dosed ingredients based on a review of medical research, and the brand fails to clearly publish inactive ingredient information or cite the health claims made about their ingredients.

We do not recommend Thesis supplements although we don’t consider it likely that the supplements will cause side effects.

Some TikTok users with ADHD who tried Thesis supplements had relatively negative feedback.

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Long-Term Pharmacotherapy of Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Literature Review and Clinical Study

Affiliations.

• 1 Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tonsberg, Norway.
• 2 University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
• 3 Department of Psychiatry, Akershus University Hospital, Grorud Outpatient Clinic, Lorenskog, Norway.
• PMID: 26404187
• DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12477

This MiniReview reports and discusses the main findings of the author's thesis including a literature study of long-term pharmacological treatment of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and a clinical study of 1-year medication. Electronic databases were systematically reviewed for original studies on pharmacotherapy of the defined duration, 24 weeks or more. Although few trials were found with limitations such as excluding comorbidities, treatment with stimulants and atomoxetine was reported tolerated and effective compared to non-treatment. The clinical study of the thesis was conducted on 250 medication-naïve patients with ADHD referred to a specialized outpatient clinic. Comorbid psychiatric disorders were diagnosed among 75% of the patients. About 56% had not completed secondary school, and 51% had been unable to work the preceding year. Persisting inattentive symptoms and comorbid mental disorders in adulthood were related to long-term work disability. In the prospective observational study of the thesis, patients were treated with methylphenidate as first-line drug and atomoxetine or dexamphetamine as second-line drugs, according to current treatment guidelines. At 12-month follow-up, 232 patients completed evaluation and 70% persisted on medication. About 80% of these used methylphenidate. Sustained improvement of symptoms and functioning was related to continued medication. Comorbid mental disorders and side effects were related to lower effectiveness and adherence, and 12% stopped medication due to side effects. Summing up the MiniReview, treatment with stimulants and atomoxetine of adults with ADHD has long-term beneficial effects and is tolerated but more longitudinal studies should be performed. With stated limitations, the findings of the thesis should contribute to a relevant guidance for clinical practice.

© 2015 Nordic Association for the Publication of BCPT (former Nordic Pharmacological Society).

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Review Of Pharmacological ADHD Treatment For Children & Teens

Olivia Guy-Evans, MSc

Associate Editor for Simply Psychology

BSc (Hons) Psychology, MSc Psychology of Education

Olivia Guy-Evans is a writer and associate editor for Simply Psychology. She has previously worked in healthcare and educational sectors.

Learn about our Editorial Process

Saul Mcleod, PhD

Editor-in-Chief for Simply Psychology

BSc (Hons) Psychology, MRes, PhD, University of Manchester

Saul Mcleod, PhD., is a qualified psychology teacher with over 18 years of experience in further and higher education. He has been published in peer-reviewed journals, including the Journal of Clinical Psychology.

Medications used to manage ADHD symptoms include stimulants (methylphenidate, amphetamines) and non-stimulants (atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine). Managing ADHD is crucial for improving functioning and long-term outcomes. Side effects may include decreased appetite, sleep disturbances, and cardiovascular effects. Medication selection must be individualized considering factors like symptom severity, comorbidities, and patient preferences.

Disclaimer: This review article is for informational purposes only and should not be taken as medical advice. Treatment decisions should be made in consultation with a qualified healthcare provider.

The key points from this review on evidence-based pharmacological treatment options for ADHD in children and adolescents are:

• Current pharmacological treatments for ADHD include stimulants (methylphenidate, amphetamines) and non-stimulants (atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine). Stimulants are recommended as first-line treatment.
• While current medications show relatively large short-term effect sizes and good tolerability, there is a need for improvement of pharmacotherapeutic strategies and development of novel medications.
• Factors like age, severity of symptoms, comorbidities, and individual needs significantly affect treatment decisions. An individualized, multimodal approach combining pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions is recommended.
• The research has limitations, including a lack of long-term efficacy data, underrepresentation of age and gender differences, and limited generalizability of study populations. Further studies are needed comparing medications head-to-head and with non-pharmacological options.
• Optimizing pharmacological treatment of ADHD is universally important given the high prevalence, persistence into adulthood, and negative impacts on functioning and outcomes if undertreated.

ADHD is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that often persists into adulthood.

Extensive research has revealed a multifactorial etiology, high heritability, and executive deficits in several cognitive domains substantiated by abnormal brain imaging findings (Faraone et al., 2015).

ADHD frequently co-occurs with other psychiatric and somatic conditions, and insufficient treatment is associated with adverse long-term academic, occupational, social, and health outcomes (Arnold et al., 2020; Cortese, 2019).

While the short-term efficacy and safety of stimulant and non-stimulant medications have been well-established (Cortese et al., 2018), evidence gaps remain regarding long-term effects, head-to-head comparisons, and their combination with non-pharmacological treatments (Wong et al., 2019).

Optimizing safe and effective pharmacotherapy as part of a multimodal, individualized treatment plan is crucial.

This review aims to summarize the current state of evidence for the pharmacological treatment of pediatric ADHD, identify research gaps, and provide an overview of novel medications under development.

This paper provides a narrative review of evidence-based pharmacological treatments for ADHD in children and adolescents.

It summarizes key information about currently approved stimulant and non-stimulant medications, including mechanisms of action, formulations, efficacy, tolerability, treatment strategies, and current issues in research.

A systematic cross-sectional analysis of the ClinicalTrials.gov registry was also conducted to identify novel medications currently under development.

• Stimulants (methylphenidate, amphetamines) are considered first-line treatment for ADHD. They have relatively large effect sizes for reducing core symptoms and are available in various short-acting and long-acting formulations. Common adverse effects include decreased appetite, sleep disturbances, headaches, and cardiovascular effects.
• Non-stimulants (atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine) have smaller effect sizes than stimulants but offer potential advantages like longer duration of action and utility in certain comorbid conditions. They differ in terms of mechanisms, dosing, onset of effects, and adverse effect profiles.
• Treatment selection should consider factors like symptom severity, comorbidities, individual needs, and patient preference. Using stimulants as first-line and non-stimulants as second-line is generally recommended, but must be individualized. Ongoing monitoring and adjustments are important.
• Several novel medications with potential for treating ADHD are in various stages of clinical development. These include viloxazine, centanafadine, and mazindol. However, none represent distinctly novel mechanisms of action and further research is needed to establish their efficacy, safety and role in treatment.

This review provides a helpful synthesis of current evidence-based pharmacological treatment options for ADHD in pediatric populations.

The key insights are:

• Stimulants remain the first-line treatment based on effect sizes, but non-stimulants have a role for certain patients or as adjunctive agents;
• Multiple factors must be weighed to individualize medication selection and treatment plans;
• Pharmacotherapy should be delivered as part of a multimodal treatment approach;
• Notable evidence gaps exist regarding head-to-head comparisons, long-term effects, and combination treatment;
• Some novel agents are in the pipeline but do not yet represent major advances in treatment.

The findings highlight the importance of a patient-centered, evidence-based approach to optimizing pharmacotherapy for ADHD and the need for further research to inform clinical practice, especially comparative effectiveness trials and studies in real-world populations.

The review provides a comprehensive overview of current pharmacological treatment options for ADHD, with helpful details on mechanisms, formulations, efficacy, and safety.

Summarizing the evidence for both stimulant and non-stimulant options, as well as discussing factors influencing treatment selection, provides useful guidance for clinicians.

The cross-sectional analysis of medications in development is a relative strength. The review appropriately highlights key evidence gaps and areas for further research.

Limitations

As a narrative review, the article is prone to selection bias in terms of which studies are included and emphasized.

It does not appear to be a fully systematic review and lacks explicit search criteria.

Meta-analytic results are presented for some but not all medication classes.

The cross-sectional analysis of novel medications relies only on a ClinicalTrials.gov search and does not capture drugs in earlier stages of development.

The article is focused specifically on children and adolescents, without fully discussing the adult ADHD population.

Finally, non-pharmacological treatment modalities are mentioned but not discussed in any depth.

Implications

The review emphasizes that while current pharmacotherapies for ADHD are relatively effective and safe, clinical practice must focus on optimizing individual treatment plans through a multimodal approach.

Medication selection remains more of an art than a science, drawing upon a combination of research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values. More personalized prescribing approaches may be possible in the future with advances in pharmacogenomics and biomarker development.

At the health systems level, quality metrics and incentives should promote measurement-based, multimodal ADHD care. In terms of treatment development, novel delivery systems for existing medications should be pursued in parallel with identifying new molecular entities with distinct mechanisms of action.

Comparative effectiveness research, including head-to-head medication trials, long-term studies, and real-world evidence, is a priority to guide treatment optimization.

Finally, research must examine medication effects in understudied populations and consider a full range of functional outcomes beyond symptom control.

Policy implications include ensuring affordable access to a range of medication options and supporting research to modernize the ADHD pharmacotherapy evidence base.

Primary reference

Mechler, K., Banaschewski, T., Hohmann, S., & Häge, A. (2022). Evidence-based pharmacological treatment options for ADHD in children and adolescents.  Pharmacology & Therapeutics ,  230 , 107940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107940

Other references

Arnold, L. E., Hodgkins, P., Kahle, J., Madhoo, M., & Kewley, G. (2020). Long-term outcomes of ADHD: Academic achievement and performance. Journal of Attention Disorders 24 (1), 73–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/108705471456607

Cortese, S. (2019). The association between ADHD and obesity: Intriguing, progressively more investigated, but still puzzling. Brain Sciences, 9 (10), 256. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9100256

Cortese, S., Adamo, N., Del Giovane, C., Mohr-Jensen, C., Hayes, A. J., Carucci, S., … & Cipriani, A. (2018). Comparative efficacy and tolerability of medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents, and adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry, 5 (9), 727-738. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30269-4

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Keep Learning

Some Socratic questions for a college class to discuss based on this review paper could include:

• How do the key decision points in selecting an ADHD medication for a pediatric patient align with the principles of evidence-based practice and shared decision-making? What additional information would be most helpful to guide treatment personalization?
• To what extent do you think novel medications with distinct mechanisms of action are needed to address current gaps in ADHD pharmacotherapy? What would be the most important attributes of an “ideal” new pharmacotherapy?
• How could researchers, clinicians, patients/families, policymakers and other stakeholders work together to efficiently generate and apply real-world evidence to optimize ADHD treatment and outcomes at both the individual and population level?
• What do you see as the most significant barriers to implementing measurement-based, multimodal ADHD care in routine clinical practice? How could health professions education, care delivery models, and payment structures be reformed to enable a more integrated, patient-centered approach?
• In what ways could a better understanding of the underlying neurobiology and heterogeneity of ADHD inform a more personalized approach to pharmacotherapy? How might advances in pharmacogenomics, neuroimaging, and digital phenotyping be leveraged to guide treatment selection and monitoring?

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