writing essay services

Proofreading Services

Professional editing and proofreading services.

Submit your work with confidence, knowing it’s free of language errors and flows well from beginning to end.

• Ensure your arguments are judged on merit
• Lift the quality of your paper as a whole
• Make you stand out from your peers

• Proofreading & Editing

Native editors

Become a better writer, 100% happiness guarantee, pick your proofreading and editing service.

Stand out from your peers with an error-free thesis that flows well from beginning to end.

• PhD dissertations

Impress your supervisor and graduate with a flawless dissertation.

» Dissertation editing

Earn higher grades on your essays with the essay checker. » Essay Checker

Research & term papers

Boost your grade with a well-structured, clear, and error-free paper.

» Paper editing

Manuscripts & academic articles

Improve your chances of publication with a polished manuscript.

» Academic editing

• Capstone projects

Demonstrate your expertise and obtain your degree with a perfect capstone project.

Secure funding or approval from supervisors with a well-written proposal.

English documents

Sound like a native English speaker and communicate your thoughts clearly.

» English proofreading

Literature reviews

Set the foundation for a great piece of academic writing with a well-written literature review.

Professional documents

Boost your career with an outstanding resume, personal statement, or cover letter. » Professional proofreading

Business documents

Ensure that your business documents, including reports, presentations, and web content, are professional in tone. » Business proofreading

Online Proofreader

Write your paper, thesis, or dissertation stress-free. Fix all your grammar, spelling, and punctuation mistakes instantly with 1 click.

» Online proofreader

Free AI Writing Resources

Improve your academic performance and write like a pro. Get access to free AI writing tools, useful ChatGPT prompts, the latest articles about AI, and more.

» Free AI writing resources

The Scribbr editing service

This is how we improve your document.

Standard Proofreading & Editing is perfect if you’re confident about your writing but need a second pair of eyes to catch:

• Spelling and grammar errors
• Inconsistencies in dialect
• Overuse of passive voice
• Subjective or inflated language

For a more comprehensive edit, you can add one or multiple add-on editing services that fit your needs.

Add-on services

Customize your editing package to get the help you need, structure check, clarity check, paper formatting, citation editing.

Ensures sections and chapters are structured and focused and your writing is free of redundancies.

• Through in-text feedback, your editor will help:
• Organize and focus individual chapters and sections
• Eliminate repetitive and redundant information
• Perfect transitions between sentences and paragraphs
• Align titles and headings with the section’s content

You’ll also receive a personalized Structure Check Report meant to help you identify missing elements in each chapter or section and prioritize improvements.

Ensures ideas are presented clearly, your arguments are consistent, and your audience can follow along.

Through in-text comments and checklists, your editor will:

• Make sure your text tells a clear and logical story
• Check that you’ve clearly presented concepts, ideas, and key terms
• Make sure your key takeaways and conclusions are front and center
• Highlight contradictions within the text
• Ensure you’re keeping your audience’s needs in mind

Ensures a professional look for your document that meets your formatting requirements.

Your formatting expert will ensure consistency for the following:

• Margins, spacing, and indentation
• Body text and headings
• Page numbers
• Abstract and keywords
• Explanatory footnotes

Choose our Paper Formatting service for a professional finish or our APA Editing Service for the most up-to-date APA formatting.

Citation Editing ensures your citations and references are consistent and meet your style guide’s requirements.

After you provide your document with a reference list, your citation expert will:

• Format the layout of your reference page (margins, indents, spacing)
• Ensure that your chosen citation style is applied consistently according to the guidelines
• Cross-check citations with reference entries
• Provide feedback on reference list entries that you need to complete due to missing information

Your expert is familiar with all common citation styles. Find more information about the service and our requirements in our FAQs .

Native academic editors

You'll only get matched with best editors.

At Scribbr, you can rest assured that only the best editors will work on your paper.

All our 800+ editors have passed the challenging Scribbr Academy, which has a passing rate of only 2%. To put that in perspective, Harvard has an acceptance rate of 3%.

We handpick your editor on several criteria, including field of study and document type. And we’ll even expand your team with citation and formatting experts if needed.

I have a doctorate in biology and studied a range of life science subjects. I specialize in editing academic texts.

I researched at Harvard, taught English with a Fulbright in Peru, and earned a master's from Johns Hopkins.

I am an academic editor and book reviewer. I am familiar with many style guides and have edited over 6 million words.

I have a bachelor's in electrical engineering and a master's in psychology and am pursuing a PhD in neuroscience.

I am an ESL teacher and academic editor with a research background in the humanities, arts, and culture.

Improve your writing with professional proofreading and editing services

Same day delivery

This deadline works automatically for the following document sizes:

• 3 hours: less than 3,000 words
• 6 hours: less than 6,000 words
• 12 hours: less than 12,000 words

Select your currency

“Always feel empowered after the proofreading”

This is my third time using Scribbr. I find the proofreading and comments very helpful and caring. I always feel empowered after the corrections.

How it works

This is what you can expect from our proofreading service, upload any time.

Upload your document and easily select the pages that need editing. Next, choose your turnaround time and services, and explain your situation and needs to the editor.

Stay in the loop

After placing your order you can keep track of our progress. From finding your perfect editor to potential hand-overs to formatting or citation experts.

Revise and submit

You’ll receive your document back with tracked changes and feedback, as well as a personal letter from your editor. The last step is submitting your work with confidence!

Scribbr & academic integrity

Scribbr is committed to protecting academic integrity. Our proofreading service, our AI writing tools ( plagiarism checker , paraphrasing tool , grammar checker , summarizer,  Citation Generator ) as well as our free Knowledge Base content are designed to help students produce quality academic papers.

We make every effort to prevent our software from being used for fraudulent or manipulative purposes.

Your questions, answered.

Scribbr specializes in editing study-related documents . We proofread:

• Research proposals
• Personal statements
• Admission essays
• Motivation letters
• Reflection papers
• Journal articles

The fastest turnaround time is 12 hours.

You can upload your document at any time and choose between four deadlines:

At Scribbr, we promise to make every customer 100% happy with the service we offer. Our philosophy: Your complaint is always justified – no denial, no doubts.

Our customer support team is here to find the solution that helps you the most, whether that’s a free new edit or a refund for the service.

Yes, if your document is longer than 20,000 words, you will get a sample of approximately 2,000 words. This sample edit gives you a first impression of the editor’s editing style and a chance to ask questions and give feedback.

How does the sample edit work?

You will receive the sample edit within 12 hours after placing your order. You then have 24 hours to let us know if you’re happy with the sample or if there’s something you would like the editor to do differently.

Read more about how the sample edit works

Yes, in the order process you can indicate your preference for American, British, or Australian English .

If you don’t choose one, your editor will follow the style of English you currently use. If your editor has any questions about this, we will contact you.

Yes, regardless of the deadline you choose, our editors can proofread your document during weekends and holidays.

Example: If you select the 12-hour service on Saturday, you will receive your edited document back within 12 hours on Sunday.

Our APA experts default to APA 7 for editing and formatting. For the Citation Editing Service you are able to choose between APA 6 and 7.

Every Scribbr order comes with our award-winning Proofreading & Editing service , which combines two important stages of the revision process.

For a more comprehensive edit, you can add a Structure Check or Clarity Check to your order. With these building blocks, you can customize the kind of feedback you receive.

You might be familiar with a different set of editing terms. To help you understand what you can expect at Scribbr, we created this table:

View an example

Your editor is on stand-by and ready to start editing your document.

Get in touch, with real people.

We answer your questions quickly and personally from 9:00 to 23:00 CET

• Start live chat
• Email [email protected]
• Call +1 (510) 822-8066
• WhatsApp +31 20 261 6040

Knowledge Base

Level up your writing with scribbr’s top-rated guides.

Academic Writing

Language Rules to Improve Your Academic Writing

The dos and don’ts for academic writing, english mistakes commonly made, common word choice confusions in academic writing, ask our team.

Want to contact us directly? No problem.  We  are always here for you.

Frequently asked questions

Write my essay: custom help for students

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No ChatGPT or AI text generators

Experts at PapersOwl don’t use AI tools. Everything will be written by our top writers according to your requirements and writing style. No plagiarism, of course.

100% happiness guarantee

Our writers and support agents will do whatever it takes to make you happy with your order

Professional staff and impeccable support!

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Active 43m ago

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Active 17m ago

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Active 26m ago

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500K+ custom papers

written by our professional writers

How it works

1. Provide order details

Fill out our simple order form and include your instructions or additional materials.

2. Choose a writer

Chat with writers, compare prices, and view samples.

3. Make a payment

Deposit money to PapersOwl account and wait for your custom-made essay.

4. Get your order

Revise your paper and release money to the writer when you’re happy.

Test our writing service

You can order 1 test page before ordering an entire paper

• Submit your instructions and choose a writer
• Deposit money and track the order’s progress
• Release money when you’re happy
• Order a full-length version of your paper 🎉

Write my essay: get professional support at PapersOwl

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1. Sign Up for a Personal Account: Begin by providing your name, email address, or phone number to create a PapersOwl account. Once registered, create a password and confirm your email to access their services fully.

2. Complete an Order Form: The ordering process is quick and easy, taking just five minutes. Fill out the request form on the same page with as much detail about your paper as you can, including:

• the assignment type;

3. Submit Your Requirements: Utilize the order form to deliver instructions for your paper or attach additional documents if needed. Specify the parameters of your “write my essay” request, including the following information:

• the service required;
• preferred writer's level;
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4. Choose a Writer: Pick the best writer for your assignment from PapersOwl’s pool of talented professionals selected by their algorithm. Once you’ve selected, deposit funds into your account to allow the chosen essay writer to begin working on your task.

Meeting Deadlines with Punctual Delivery

Swift solutions for prompt project delivery, how to engage professional essay writing experts, simple process to connect with your preferred writer.

• To maintain oversight and monitor the advancement of your assignment, it's essential to access your account by logging in.
• Following submitting your order, use a sophisticated AI matching technology that promptly identifies the most suitable essay writer for your specific task, ensuring precision in selection.
• From the pool of specialists recommended by the system, you can choose the one that best aligns with your preferences and requirements.
• Communicate directly with your chosen expert using a direct chat feature to discuss any additional details or requirements for your assignment.
• Once you’ve decided, proceed by adding funds to your account, facilitating the commencement of the writing process by the selected writer. The funds deposited will be securely held in your account until the completion of the paper, and your complete satisfaction has been attained, ensuring a seamless and trust-enhancing transaction process.

Selection of the Most Suitable Writer for Your Professional Essay

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Testimonials Highlighting the Commitment to Excellence

Benefits table.

Establishing Trust Through Demonstrated Success Stories

Access the premier writing service with round-the-clock support, constant availability: comprehensive assistance whenever and wherever you need it, instant help for your essay writing needs, fostering trust through continuous communication channels.

• Phone number: +1 (888) 385 3208;
• E-mail: [email protected] ;
• Live chat (click the Let’s Chat button in the lower right corner of the screen).

Finalize Your Order

Confirming details for your writing project, guiding you through the last steps to order essay writing.

1. Overseeing the Writing Process.

• Direct Communication With Your Assistant: Foster effective communication by engaging directly with your “write my essay” expert. This interaction provides an opportunity to offer further insights or specific details regarding your assignment request, ensuring alignment with your expectations.
• Unlimited Attachment Uploads: Enhance the clarity and depth of your academic writing by uploading unlimited attachments such as drafts, notes, or additional sources. These supplementary materials are valuable resources for your essay writer, facilitating a comprehensive understanding of your requirements.
• Review and Provide Feedback: Stay actively involved by reviewing drafts submitted by your specialist. This allows you to assess the progress of your online essay and provide constructive feedback to refine the document further. Your input ensures that the final deliverable meets your standards and fulfills your academic objectives effectively.

Upon completion of your order, your quality writing will be delivered to you for review and assessment. It will be securely uploaded to the website’s dedicated servers, ensuring the protection of your data and the confidentiality of your assignment. For security purposes, PapersOwl refrains from sending final drafts directly via email. What are your next steps when you get your crafted assignment?

• Revise Your Paper: Once you have downloaded your completed order, you should thoroughly examine its content. Take the time to review every aspect of the document, ensuring that it meets your expectations and adheres to your requirements. If you identify any areas requiring revisions or amendments, do not hesitate to contact the essay writing service. Their experts are committed to accommodating your feedback and making necessary adjustments to ensure your satisfaction.
• Confirm the Payment: After confirming your satisfaction with the paper, proceed to pay the assigned essay writer. Your prompt payment acknowledges their hard work and dedication and finalizes the transaction process, ensuring that both parties are appropriately compensated for their efforts. Remember about a money back guarantee, if something in your project doesn’t correspond to your expectations.
• Give Feedback: Share your feedback by rating the performance of your specialist. Your input serves as valuable insight for both the writing service and future clients, facilitating continuous improvement and ensuring exceptional service delivery. Once you have rated your professional writer and closed your order, sit back, and revel in the successful completion of your assignment.

Effortless Process to Begin Your Academic Journey

Order any essay or paper.

• Essay (any type)
• Research paper
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Yes, we are very similar to a library. We provide you with the material you need to ace a paper without spoon-feeding you the details. At PapersOwl, our services are geared towards guiding your research to make it easier for you to work on a given topic. You could choose to use our paper to guide your own writing rather than submitting the work we send you. That way, you submit the work you wrote yourself as guided by our research.

PapersOwl's essay writers are confirmed native English speakers from around the world with years of writing experience. They all have academic background with a Master's or Ph.D., and have studied at various universities.

PapersOwl only uses writers who have proven their credentials, not amateur writers. A strict screening policy means any writer who works with us must show proof of their degree and trustworthy work samples. Before starting to work, each customer discusses pricing with the authors. While working, you can get in touch with your writer and keep track of the order's progress. In addition, the website offers safe and authorized payment options.

You pay for the body of the text. Extras like references and title pages are added as a bonus at no additional charge. We also format the paper to your preferred style (APA or MLA) for FREE.

In less than 5 hours, the writers can complete your request order and not compromise the quality. Your paper's length and complexity influence the final result. However, editing is done faster. Place your order ahead of time if you have a lengthy homework assignment.

We have an extensive Privacy Policy that protects the information you share with us. This policy outlines all the ways we secure your personal data and guarantees that your website and services are trustworthy.

Most of the time, yes, you can choose which writer you want to hire. However, we cannot guarantee that your writer will be available for every task you order. We work with a variety of writers who have been vetted through a strict protocol put together by our Quality Assurance department. You can be sure that any writer working with us is qualified to perform in-depth research. We align our writers with topics with which they are best suited. While we cannot guarantee to assign your task to a specific writer, we do promise to fulfill your request of having a well-written assignment that meets your expectations. You can make all requests when you fill in your order form.

Yes! You may talk to multiple writers before selecting one to do your work. In addition, if you have any questions or concerns about the material, you may contact your chosen writer at any time during the writing process.

No, we do not copy/paste material from the web because we understand the serious consequences of plagiarism. All of our papers are written from scratch using several sources for research and following the guidelines you provide us with in your order form. Our writers are professionally trained to offer plagiarism-FREE content to ensure you only receive written assignments of the highest quality

In a highly unlikely case that you are not satisfied with your custom essay service writer, you can do the following: a)Within 30 days, you are entitled to an unlimited revision request. Your writer will make corrections and modify the work until you are pleased; b) Request a refund or advice from customer service;

Have more questions?

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Essay writing service - your education, our expertise

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Can you write an essay for me on a specific topic?

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Advocate educational integrity Our mission is to help you grow as a student and not cheat your academic institution. We suggest you use our work as a study aid and not as finalized material. Order a personalized assignment to study from.

Service is a study guide Our paper writer service aims to help you achieve your desired academic excellence.

Parents are welcome No one cares about your academic progress more than your parents. That is exactly why thousands of them come to our service for additional study aid for their children. By working with our writers, you get a high-quality essay sample to use as a template for your success. Order a paper now!

EssayService safeguards your data We are here to help you with essays and protect your personal information. Your safety is our priority, as we know it is yours. We adhere to strict privacy policies to ensure your information is stored securely at all times. Your communications with writers are encrypted and private, and we email your work directly to you.

Work with a paper writer – Sharing academic integrity Hire an expert from our services to learn from and ace your next "do my essay" task. We are your one-stop shop for academic success. Our essay writers can handle all your "write essay for me" requests.

Pick your paper writer from our skilled professionals

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Securing a professional writer as a newcomer might not be the easiest thing to do. It's crucial to be careful and avoid services that collaborate with underqualified individuals from developing countries. This often results in subpar work, enriches the company owners unfairly, and exploits the writers in conditions akin to intellectual slavery. Our "write my paper" platform, on the other hand, gives you a chance to work with an expert writer. We partner only with native English speakers, so you can confidently entrust your "do my essay" assignment to EssayService.

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How EssayService stands among other writing services

Money-back guarantee Rest assured that our services will meet all of your expectations, or we will happily make the adjustments. We can also return your deposit in cases specified in our Refund Policy. EssayService ensures that your grades matter as much as our reputation.

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Free extras Not only do we offer top-notch help, but we also have free bonuses to surprise our clients. Here's what you get for free: originality report, citations, reference page, title page, outline, and formatting.

Writer who understands your style We encourage you to submit some examples of your previous writing to our "write an essay for me" service. This will help us understand your writing style while maintaining the quality of a professionally written paper.

Tolerance Our service suggests using the work as prep material and a study aid, and not as final material for your professors. You can also take advantage of this work by using it to perfect your own knowledge.

Stay in touch with your professional essay writer Take direct advantage by chatting with your writer. Direct your questions, ask for clarifications, send them your previous work, or request drafts, and you will get your answers in no time.

Essay writer online 24/7 at your disposal

Quality over quantity is a motto we at EssayService support. We might not have as many writers as any other service, but our team is the cream of the crop. On top of that, we collaborate with writers based on their qualifications, allowing us to expand our overall range of subjects.

Having this variation allows clients to order any assignment that they need from our fast service; just be sure to select a top-rated paper writer for your job!

Does your paper writing service work with all types of assignments?

The best way to complete a presentation speech is with a team of professional writers. They have the experience, knowledge, and deep understanding of academic standards.

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Hire writers with years of experience to improve your performance and impress your parents. To make a "write my paper for me" request with EssayService, simply send us your assignment's instructions, your deadline, and you're good to go. We have paper writers with the skills to complete practically any assignment for you. Every writer in our team has experience in different academic disciplines and can complete assignments on time, providing you with the highest quality of research, grammar, and formatting.

How do I select the most qualified writer to write my essay?

After you submit your "write essay for me" request, a variety of writers will bid, giving you a choice of the best fit for your project. Research your options to make an informed decision. Read their profiles, evaluate their order records, and peruse the customer reviews to ensure you're making the right choice.‍

Our writers are required to identify their areas of interest so you know which professional has the most up-to-date knowledge to do your essay. Just choose one of our experienced writers, set a deadline, and we will get started on your project.

Once I hire a writer to write my paper, is it possible for me to monitor their progress?

If you are using our services, you can always keep in touch with your essay writer online via chat and ask them to provide you with regular progress updates or address any questions and concerns about your "write paper for me" order.

Furthermore, a writer working on your “write me an essay” request might contact you in chat if some clarifications are needed. If the communication is good enough, your job will be done on time and with good results.

When working with us, rest assured you'll be assisted and supported every step of the way. Never hesitate to ask for an update when needed, and be sure to allow for enough time to correct errors! This way, you can work together with your writer to guarantee your paper is exactly what you need!

We analyze the work of our essay writers for hire

Because EssayService is an honest and well-paying essay writing service, writers tend to flock to our platform. Nonetheless, in the writers' community, we are known for our strict selection process. You, as a client, can be sure that you will be working with a quality online essay writer no matter your subject or your assignment's level of difficulty. Our writers are put through testing and have their degrees checked. Our strict screening criteria ensures that we only partner with the best writers.

We are a company that values experience, reputation, and past performance in essay writing. As a result, we have managed to track down the top university writers. They do their absolute best to complete your task on time and provide you with study assistance of the highest level.

Nonetheless, being a professional "write my essay" company has its challenges. For example, as our writer expectations are high, not all experts can handle the challenge of creating highly unique content in a short time frame, so as leading services go, we are tasked with keeping everything under control.

How our essay writing service is used

The paper writing we provide is in no way supposed to be submitted as a completed piece of work. As a "help me with my essay" service, our key role is to serve as research material for study purposes. We stand for academic honesty and obey all institutional laws. Therefore, EssayService strongly advises its clients to use the provided work as a study aid, as a source of ideas and information, or for citations.

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Thousands of reviews from happy students

200K+ students have entrusted their papers to us

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Your EduBirdie journey

1. Create an order

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2. Choose a writer

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3. Make a payment

The deposit will stay on your balance until the order is ready.

4. Get your paper

Read through your paper to make sure it’s just as you want it.

• 10K+ orders are completed monthly
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• 9/10 of orders are delivered before their deadlines

Write my essay, EduBirdie - the best Essay Writing service today

Living in the age of technology with a fast lifestyle, it is natural to run out of time as you learn new things. It is one of the many reasons students and educators seek trustworthy write my essay company to help them achieve clarity. Take your time to learn why EduBirdie is the name you can trust with all your academic, creative, and personal needs. If you have something that must be done quickly and with high quality, you just hit the writing services jackpot with us! With EduBirdie, you can easily find an essay writer online, check writer profiles, monitor progress through communication, and request modifications after hiring.

Why students use write my essay help online from EduBirdie

The list of our customers is virtually unlimited as we assist people of all academic backgrounds and levels. Think about students who struggle with writing essays, facing stress from deadlines and academic pressures, or cannot edit their essays in a noisy environment. These are only some of the frequent help with my essay request reasons why people seek help online. All of this makes it very difficult to complete things on time. This is where our professional essay writers truly shine and make all the difference!

Time Management and Late-Night Study Issues

The most frequent reason for using our help essay writing services is time management issues or a habit of doing one’s studies late at night. Knowing about these essay problems, we offer assistance 24/7, which makes us unique for any time zone. It means you can get in touch with our professional writers and enjoy reliable help!

Helping Exchange and ESL Students

Let us not forget about exchange students and ESL (English as a second language) learners who need help to write an essay. They often find it hard to deal with grammar and all the commands of the English language. We believe everyone has a right to study without stress and worrying about getting things right. Our professional writing service will happily provide quality essays!

Students Coming Back to Studies

We can deliver your assignment in as little as three hours and do it when and how you tell us to! If you need to receive write my essay response and return to studies with a professional's help, do research papers correctly with us!

Students Going Through Challenging Times

Our assigned essay writer and authors also help students to write about something that does not make them feel comfortable. We shall guide you through any situation! You can read many websites to write essays and testimonials and see why many people choose our services to write my essay and do their assignments.

International Projects

EduBirdie team of native English speakers will easily correct your writing and make it match the rest of a group or a team project. We can write an essay or homework based on your requirements and make it culturally sensitive and acceptable.

Dealing With Creative Tasks

Some students come up with unusual write my essay requests like writing a poem or explaining why a rock band has been behind some fashion. If you need something like that, it is time to ask our creative specialists for essay help online.

Healthcare Issues

Our paper writing services also offer several ways to receive your paper in the best way possible. Moreover, we will adjust formatting to help those with poor vision or students with special needs.

Choosing EduBirdie - legitimate writing services company

We are happy to inform you that we are a 100% safe and legitimate service you can use without worries. Offering academic papers, we cooperate with many schools and institutions worldwide and have over ten years of experience in the industry.

What kind of academic assistance can you get?

• Argumentative, critical, reflective, descriptive, explanatory, and many other types of essay writer help.
• Help writing essay assistance with dissertations that range from research proposals to thesis writing.
• Our essay writing service offers help with lab reports and research papers.
• Capstone projects, coursework help and academic assignments with book reviews, critical reports, and more.
• Help with creative writing, poetry, drama lessons, and non-ordinary academic writing tasks.
• Personal statement papers to enroll in college or letters of purpose for an internship.
• High-quality write my essay help with formatting and eliminating technical mistakes. If necessary, you can request additional editing services!

Of course, these are only some of the popular services we are ready to offer you at an affordable price and with guarantees. Speaking of that, scroll below to read about our advantages before you hire qualified essay writers!

Achieve excellence with our paper writing service: our advantages

Some natural questions arise when you are ready to seek reliable paper writing. Keeping this in mind, we want to tell you a little about our benefits to help you learn about us.

• Only human expert essay writers, no AI involved.

Unlike other academic research companies, we do not use AI technology to generate content. Access only trained and experienced human experts who can do fact-checking.

• Direct contact with a chosen writer.

Most writing services do not let you choose who will do your work, let alone communicate. Not we! Talking to an expert from EduBirdie directly helps to simplify many different processes.

• As you hire professional essay writers, your deadlines are always met.

We care about meeting every online essay help deadline and can assist you in as little as 3-4 hours.

• No plagiarism.

We always double-check our content to guarantee that your final document is plagiarism-free.

• Formatting and editing are already included in the final price.

One of the great benefits of our essay writing service online is that your final assignment will already include professional editing and formatting.

• Your instructions are always followed to the letter.

Your grading rubric, professor’s comments, and thoughts are always considered. Remember to share all that you have for the task.

• Only original content is provided to maintain originality.

Drop us a line saying, “please, write essay paper for me online” and we'll get started on your paper today. Wait no more! It's a great way to get a deeper understanding of your topic or perfect your own writing skills. Our paper writers do not use any pre-written materials and provide only self-made content.

• Money-back guarantees.

If we fail to meet your requirements or you are not happy with the final paper, you can request the return of your funds.

• Safe payment methods and confidentiality.

We support all the popular payment methods and keep your data safe. Your personal data is never shared with our writers or any third party.

• Affordable and competitive prices.

Our essay writing services remain top quality while keeping prices within an affordable range.

• Numerous subjects and essay types help students from all backgrounds.

Our services include help with anything from Healthcare and English to Biology and History, Business Management, Engineering, Fashion Studies, Geography, Math, Economics, and Political Sciences, among other subjects.

• Human customer support is available 24/7.

Do you need to place a request early in the morning or contact a paper writer late at night? No problem at all - EduBirdie essay writing service is your service!

We truly care for quality and your satisfaction, which is why our essay writing service allows you to stay in control and cooperate with the best specialists in the industry!

Meet our experienced paper writing experts or who will write my essay paper?

Not just some writers will answer your write my essay online requests, but a team of qualified professionals!

At EduBirdie, we deal only with experts, who have Masters and PhD degrees. We exclusively choose experienced writers to join our professional "Write my essay" team, so you can be confident that they can complete academic papers, do research, and style them correctly under any circumstances.

• Only native English speakers with verified academic credentials.
• Our paper writing service trains every writer on our team to allow the same level of quality and adherence to specified standards. We have a rigorous selection process where candidates are assessed based on their writing skills and overall qualifications.
• You can talk to every writer available directly and ask questions even before you make a payment.
• Our professional paper writers are trained to work fast and always double-check your instructions and thoughts.
• Direct contact with your essay writer online helps eliminate misunderstandings and guarantees that every important point has been fully addressed.
• You can read our professional paper writing service reviews about our specialists and see testimonials to ensure you are in touch with the right person.

Once you receive the final paper, you can ask for a free revision. Our essay writing help service does it free of charge and allows you to make minor corrections or small parts you wish to edit or remove.

Additional writing service prices and services to consider

• Professional formatting of your paper based on a specified writing style (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc).
• Create a title page that includes your credentials and all relevant data.
• Helping you with the References / Works Cited page based on your formatting.
• Unlimited paper revisions to help you bring your research paper to perfection.

Remember to set your deadline a little earlier to ensure you have enough time to check your paper and enjoy working with revisions. Since these may take time, the larger your submission gap, the better!

• Early paper draft: +15% to the final assignment price. It means you receive an approximate paper structure containing a raw piece of writing to help you get an idea.
• One-page abstract: best writing services starting at $13.99
• Special VIP support: $12.99
• Detailed outline for your task: $12.00

While these additional services are not obligatory, many students who have used our services found them beneficial. You can read the reviews on our website taken from REVIEWS.io and Sitejabber to learn more about what people have used for their academic papers and how exactly it has helped them!

Different academic essay writers levels on offer

Since the paper you need for high school differs from a complex university dissertation, we are happy to offer three levels of writing. The major difference between them is access to more experienced writers you can choose when placing an order. Let’s break them down into the main academic writing benefits:

If you are worried about the final quality of your paper and need to compose a complex thesis for a picky college professor, we recommend choosing either the Gold or Platinum group. When you are unsure, you can always get in touch with our support agents to find the best solution for your case!

Placing an essay writing services order with EduBirdie

• Step 1: Create an order first by submitting important information like your deadline, style, subject, name of the paper (if available), number of pages, and any other information that you find important.
• Step 2: Choose your custom essay writer. Remember that you can talk to our specialists, compare prices, ask questions, and make your final choice.
• Step 3: Make a payment. Here is the best part: you do not have to pay it all. You only need to make a deposit that remains on your balance until the order is complete. When you are happy with the paper, you pay the rest. This helps to guarantee financial safety.
• Step 4: Work on your essay service requested paper. It means it is high time you read your paper and check all the important parts. Here is where you can request unlimited free revisions to correct something or add a thought that came up!

If we keep it short, you only need to do one thing to place an order. It is recommended that you prepare all your study materials in advance, take pictures, and sort everything out to save time and help your chosen writer assist you in the best way possible. Share as much information as you have for your order to let our writers assist you in the most accurate way.

What about your writing service plagiarism risks?

We are very strict when it comes to academic integrity. Our company does not tolerate plagiarism as we offer essay write help, so we do everything possible to eliminate it. As we offer academic assistance, we always use only original content and do not copy or publish data from any other source without acknowledgement and permission. Correct formatting, the use of quotes, and double-checking via the latest plagiarism detection algorithms help us keep you safe!

• Formatting according to the writing style.
• Checking the sources and quotations.
• Studying your grading rubric to ensure that we only include necessary things.
• Checking for the validity of the information by our essay writer service.
• Creation of a clear and correct bibliography.
• Permissions for academic tasks should be included whenever necessary.
• Double-check the paper after all the free revisions have been done.

Of course, we ask all our clients to comply with the rules and only use the assistance provided for educational purposes. We believe that students have a right to seek help online and benefit from those who can help. Each our professional writer constantly cooperates with schools and colleges to meet the highest standards. As a legitimate company that offers essay writing help online, we are helping to keep students' academic futures safe.

How can we guarantee that our paper writing service is of acceptable quality?

Creating an excellent paper is a complex process. Still, it becomes possible with the help of our experts, who have created and edited thousands of academic papers of different types and subjects. We always work hard to make the writing process as transparent and clear as possible. Most importantly, you can talk to your online essay writer directly and ask questions or share your opinions. It is the most essential element that allows us to succeed in our cooperation!

Talking Always Matters

We strongly believe that one of the most important tasks is to discuss what must be done first. It makes us different from other academic research companies operating in the market. We allow you to talk directly without a person in the middle, even BEFORE you make a payment. It is possible free of charge as you place an order with our paper writing services. When you know that you are on the same brainwave with a chosen specialist and see the price, it is safe to place an order. The key is to talk about it!

Discussing Final Requirements and Formatting

Another step that cannot be ignored in our cooperation is ensuring that your grading rubric requirements are correctly understood. We shall discuss all of your paper requirements twice to eliminate mistakes. Our professional essay writers will know what to ask and what to check. Sometimes a university will have special templates or rules that must be followed. As an experienced team, we always double-check these elements to help you stay safe. As you might know, writing mechanics is paramount to getting the best grades, so we focus on this aspect!

Checking for the Main Argument and Thesis Statement

No matter what type of paper you have requested or seek just research paper writing service cheap, one of the first steps we take is defining the main argument and creating a thesis. It is often shared with you during the process of writing. It helps ensure that professional writers understand your task correctly and fit your vision. This is where you can change things or request something different. Even if your task is a lab report or a part of some dissertation, using the main argument or an agenda is paramount for your success!

Finding Reliable Sources for Your Paper

Another step our writers always take is finding a good foundation of verified sources to support all the arguments and make your writing reliable. Students often share drafts of their writing with incomplete or missing sources. Our professional writing service specialists help correct all these issues by finding reliable resources to support the facts, add statistical data, and more. We use all the latest databases like Jstor, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed to locate only relevant information and help you use it correctly. Another thing that must be mentioned is that our writing paper service experts will find all the latest information updated to ensure your content is valid.

If you need to find specific information in a database, our writing service specialists can locate it and use it accordingly.

Creating an Introduction With Background Data

We shall start by creating a strong introduction with a thesis statement and background data to create a reliable research paper. This is where the writing process starts to shape the main paper before the body paragraphs.

Using Strong Topic Sentences

The next step that each writer will take is to work on topic sentences or those hooks that help to make the content readable and paper writing interesting. If you must create a persuasive essay, topic sentences cannot be ignored for the best essay help scenario. They help to make persuasion visible and provide readers with an explanation of what each body paragraph contains.

Many other essay types use topic sentences or hooks to inspire readers and help them see what will come next. It might take time to get it right, which is why many students fail to include them in their assignments. As for research papers, they require the same type of commitment and work as well. You do not have to worry about it; we shall format the paper and make things logical for your target audience. It is also a great way to learn more and boost your reading and writing academic skills.

Finding Counter-Arguments

Some papers require presenting more than one opinion, which many college students find tricky. Have no worries! We are trained to find counter-arguments and know how to make your paper balanced and unbiased. Our skilled writers will brainstorm your topic and present sufficient evidence with a list of facts showing all the possible opinions and points of view. It is also good for reflective and creative writing tasks where an opinion must be presented from both sides of the issue. You can always discuss something with a professional essay writer beforehand if you already have something to add.

Using Quotes and Paraphrasing

Based on our experience with helping me with my essay requests, using quotes is one of the most challenging tasks for students. It is not surprising since incorrect use of paraphrasing and quotations often leads to plagiarism risks. Using websites to write essays makes it easier to eliminate this problem since a specialist will correct an existing text and make additions. You will also learn to paraphrase things better and improve your understanding of using quotes in academic writing. If an expert spots a mistake or a plagiarism report shows some issues, a correction will be made before the academic project is complete.

Final Editing and Proofreading

Once the content is finished, the final editing and proofreading process is completed. It can be requested as a separate write essay service, which might be cheaper in the long run if you only need an expert to edit or proofread your work. We truly care for clarity, grammar, logic, and writing mechanics, so our custom essay writing service team constantly checks our writers' adherence to the rules. We understand how difficult it can be to proofread something in a noisy environment or when your time is running out. If you need this service, we are always at your disposal!

Plagiarism-Checking Process

The next step that we take before completing things is checking your paper for possible plagiarism issues. Remember that we always run finished content through various detection algorithms. As you receive essay help online, receiving a free plagiarism report is also possible. This way, you can see things for yourself and feel calm as you submit your final paper with all the editions done. Another point we wish to make is that we do not store your papers anywhere, and they won’t appear anywhere like many plagiarism checkers. You are completely safe as you place your trust in our online paper writing service!

Working on Free Revisions

We also work on free revisions if these are requested. As a part of our free package, we allow you to make minor editing of your content. Professional essay writers will gladly help you! Of course, if something major has to be changed, it comes with an additional price as a separate task. If you wish to add something or a quote that must be added in the end, a free revision by our paper writers helps fix that until you are happy with the final results.

What essay types can I get help with a paper writer?

• Research paper assignments. It is one of the most popular categories that we deal with daily. Our specialists will help you to achieve clarity and success!
• Different essay types. It means that you can request descriptive essay writing help online, argumentative, critical, descriptive, explanatory, review, and many other essay types.
• Term paper help. Do not be afraid to deal with your term paper as you try to pick your information together and find sanity through the maze of different tasks. You can assign the same writer for all of your tasks and manage all of that in our best essay writing service system.
• Admission essay guidance. Admission essays can be terrible when you must write them and keep things unique! Luckily, we have the right people to handle all that and let you shine!
• Coursework essay service. We can also help you with your coursework. Do not forget to choose an appropriate writing level for the Master’s degree.
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These are only some of the most popular tasks you can enjoy as you consider our help. We are always ready to listen and provide the best assistance possible. If you are in doubt, get in touch with our customer support, and we shall guide you through any essay writing help service questions.

Essay writing service on any subject

• English and Literature;
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If you need to complete a paper based on journalism or any social discipline, you can also find help at the EduBirdie essay writing service.

If your subject is not on the list, our paper writing service is most likely able to help you. We also work with several subjects, so an interdisciplinary approach is always possible. The price for such tasks will mostly remain the same as you can choose essay writers who know both subjects.

How do I ask you to do my essay?

• Sharing your personal information is not recommended unless the task requires that.
• Write down your list of comments for the task, along with your notes for possible essay writers.
• Make sure you specify your deadline, number of pages, urgency, and formatting.
• If your task is not ordinary and you have some university or college specifics, remember to tell your writer about it. We understand how different things may be with paper writing, so are ready to assist you with anything!

Tip : if you only need editing and proofreading, just choose editing services instead of paper writing.

Why should I trust you to write essay?

We always respond to their thoughts and do our best to improve our paper writing service for everyone. We are going to tell you about two review platforms and share our comments on our work.

“You have provided excellent academic assistance and a smooth experience. I recommend EduBirdie to everyone who seeks real support with education”.

“My experience was quick and precise. My final project seemed overwhelming, so I turned to these services. I provided my recommendations and project requirements to my paper writer and received a completion timeline. Everything was ready ahead of schedule. I was really satisfied”.

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You can read the rest of the paper writer reviews. According to the platform, 97% of customers received timely delivery and had no issues. The same number goes for accurate and undamaged orders.

"For me, you are the best essay writing service! I have been ordering key assignments from your writers for the second year. Even if I occasionally have to request changes, the final results always exceed my expectations. Thank you! I wish EduBirdie success and growth."

Kelly mentioned changes that have been handled with free revisions. These help us achieve clarity and fix most things free of charge. We understand how stressful it can be and do our best to keep your essay writing experience hassle-free.

Such praise for our Write my essay service makes us really happy, as you can see from our replies about the service. If you have something to say about our work, you may use any review platform or send your comments directly to our support team (or via social media). Your opinions are truly valuable to us as we document each case and improve our services!

"Overall, I am very pleased with the completed work. Initially, I was hesitant to provide details and elaborate on the assignment. However, as the writer progressed, I realized that the more detailed the instructions, the better and more accurate the work would be for my specific situation. On the second attempt, I received the exact essay that earned me the highest grade."

We always ask our writing service customers to collect all the necessary data and share it with a writer for the best results. When the time comes for you to place an order, please remember this little helpful academic writing tip!

Why students choose EduBirdie

• We have over 71K followers on Instagram.
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This would be impossible without your input and contribution to our writing services. Together we can make academic life so much better and easier for everyone!

Order any essay or paper

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EduBirdie essay writing service FAQ

Can you help me find an essay writer for my subject.

Yes, we can help you to find a suitable match for your subject. We handle most academic subjects, so you are in for good luck and academic success!

Is EduBirdie essay writing legal?

Yes, we are a legitimate company registered in the United States with a strict attitude to academic writing and plagiarism issues. It is used by hundreds of students daily who seek timely help and guidance with their academic struggles. You can see online reviews for more information.

Is purchasing an essay from you safe?

Yes, it is absolutely safe to oder an essay from EduBirdie. We use the latest encryption mechanisms to keep your financial data safe and use the most suitable payment methods. You are also safe with our essay writing services because you only pay deposits to let your writer start. The rest is paid only when you are happy with the final paper.

How fast can you write my essay?

If you need to get things done urgently, specify it when placing an order. The fastest we can assist you is about three hours to complete a short essay or do basic editing. Of course, composing a dissertation in four or five hours is unrealistic, so make sure you have time left for complex essay writing tasks!

What are your approximate essay writing prices?

We do not have set prices per se because every task is different! Approximate pricing starts at only $13.99 per page. The paper length and the deadline will also affect the final price, so keep it in mind as you look for a cheap essay writing service! We also have a bidding system to allow writers to offer you the best price possible. You always have a chance to talk to writers directly and make a good essay writing deal!

Can you guarantee plagiarism-free work?

All our papers are written from scratch without pre-written materials or AI-based content. We are 100% human writers who work hard to provide original, quality academic research content. We run double-checks to avoid plagiarism in our essay writing services online and present you with a plagiarism report you can request when your task is completed. You are safe when it comes to academic integrity and essay writing originality.

Could you write my essay inexpensively

We keep things affordable for you! If you choose a longer deadline, the price will always be lower. Our cheap research paper writing service can also bid for the best price if you wait a little bit. Essays always make an effort, so let’s respect the paper writing and research work!

Can you help me to write my essay in English without mistakes?

If you are struggling with English grammar or are a foreign exchange student, you can enjoy the benefits of dealing with native speakers. We are constantly dealing with ESL students for custom essay help, which means we can turn your content into an excellent example of English grammar and write my essay structure and logic.

Can you help me write college essay?

Of course! Tell us what kind of custom writing task you are after, and our essay writers will do the rest!

Do I improve my academic performance with top essay writers online?

The list of essay online reviews shows that students have used our premium writer groups not only for dissertations and theses but also for personal statement tasks and scholarship writing services. The practice shows that dealing with our best essay writers always helps students with their academic performance

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Frequently asked questions

Is it legal to use academic writing services, do your academic writers provide original work, what exactly can you help me with, is there a way to talk to my writer, what makes academic writing so complicated.

Academic writing is not supposed to be easy. It’s a way of assessing a person's knowledge, skills, and comprehension of a topic, so it’s meant to be challenging. However, for many, it’s more than what they can handle. This is why getting academic writing help is not just for emergency situations. For many, it’s a lifeline that allows them to have a full life.

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Studying is never easy, but with a reliable academic help service by your side, it can be more than doable.

Why use EssayPro for help with studying

There are countless companies that provide academic writing services these days. But, unfortunately, you can’t trust them all. Some companies will overcharge you for a mediocre product, and some will just take your money never to be seen again. Luckily for you, though, EssayPro is one of the best service providers out there. And we will tell you why in just a moment.

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Our prices might look too low compared to other services, but that doesn’t mean we sacrifice on quality. We’ve come up with a system that allows us to keep our prices competitive while providing exceptional quality of service.

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Fast, affordable, professional.

I need to have my essay, project, assignment, or term paper edited and proofread.

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Essay Proofreading

Perfect your essays with our specialized Essay Proofreading service. Our professional editors, with years of experience, meticulously review your documents, addressing grammar, spelling, and overall clarity issues. Whether it's a personal statement, a research paper, or any academic essay, our proofreading services, tailored for various subject areas, include a sample edit to showcase our expertise. With our dedicated Essay Proofreading service, you can refine your writing to meet university standards and impress your audience.

Essay Editing

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Embark on your academic journey with confidence using our premier Admission Essay Editing Service. Our skilled editors, with years of experience, meticulously refine and elevate your college essays, ensuring they stand out in the competitive admission landscape. Count on our editing services to enhance the clarity and impact of your application essays, guiding students along a successful path to university acceptance.

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Why Our Clients Love Us

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Editors for Students FAQ

How much does an academic editor cost.

The cost of our student editing services is designed to accommodate academic budgets while ensuring professional editing for essays, theses, and papers. Our experienced academic editors offer quality proofreading and editing services tailored to university standards. With transparent pricing and the option to choose from various service levels, including essay editing and thesis editing, students receive value for their investment. Explore our professional editing services with the added assurance of positive customer reviews, ensuring a reliable online experience for all your academic writing needs in the social sciences and beyond.

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Our team of professional academic editors for students is ready to enhance your college essay. With extensive experience working on various academic writing projects, our editors provide expert essay editing and proofreading services. We understand the importance of polished papers for university submissions, and our dedicated team ensures that your writing meets the highest standards. Trust our academic editors to refine your work, addressing not only grammar and structure but also adhering to the specific requirements of the social sciences and other academic disciplines. Benefit from our editing services, backed by positive customer reviews, for a successful college essay.

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Finding a good essay editor is crucial for academic success. Look for professional editors for students with extensive experience working on academic papers. Seek services that specialize in essay editing, thesis editing, and proofreading to ensure your writing meets university standards. Check for online platforms with positive customer reviews, indicating a track record of successful academic editing. A good editor not only refines grammar and structure but also understands the nuances of academic writing in various disciplines, including the social sciences. Choose an editing service that aligns with your needs and academic goals for a polished and impactful essay.

How long will it take to review my documents?

The time it takes our professional editors for students to review your document depends on the selected turnaround time and document length. Our goal is to provide a prompt and efficient editing process without compromising quality. You can choose from different turnaround times, including options for expedited editing, to meet your deadlines. Our experienced academic editors ensure a thorough review of your writing, whether it's an essay, thesis, or another academic paper. Check our service details for estimated turnaround times, and feel confident that your work will be edited promptly and professionally, maintaining the high standards required by universities.

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Fast Essay Writing Help

Get help with your paper in 1 hour, how it works, what people are saying.

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Thousands of students improved their grades with us

You’ll also get, our customers attend.

How can you help me with my assignment?

At IvyPanda we help you reach your academic goals by pairing you with academic experts in your field of study to help with assignments. Our experts go above and beyond to provide the best support, in line with our Fair Use Policy. With our extensive cohort of experts, we can ensure fast access to the help you need.

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Placing an order with us requires immediate payment. However, it is possible to make an inquiry to ensure we can undertake your request before paying. In addition, we offer a full 100% money-back guarantee on all orders.

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The most important is direct contact with an expert , which helps eliminate various mistakes. The second aspect is our originality and plagiarism-free work . We can provide free revisions to avoid minor mistakes and make things perfect. As an experienced team that offers high-quality and affordable prices, we know how to make you happy!

If you cannot cope with your college essays alone, you should not worry because we know what it feels like! Don’t be afraid because you are not dealing with risks as you work with a legitimate academic research company . Since you are here, you need immediate help and the best essay writing service. We are here for you and ready to offer guidance with one of the school subjects. Our team at CustomWriting is ready to help you achieve success with any written task .

If you need editing, we guarantee that we can bring things to perfection and help you submit your project on time without any pitfalls or delays on our side. Remember that if you cannot cope, you simply have to place your order with our high-quality essay writing service. Even if it’s early in the morning or late at night, do not hesitate to ask for help, as we shall immediately reply and assist you!

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Do My Essay

Need someone to write my essay our experts are here to help.

Get help from a diverse pool of talent with our expert writers, ensuring expertly crafted content for any subject.

You can easily start your order with half payment upfront and the rest when you receive your essay and are satisfied with it.

We write all essays from scratch and give a FREE Turnitin report as proof of authenticity with each order.

Choose From Our Team of Expert Essay Writers

Meet our highly qualified writers, each with expertise in various academic fields. Get your essay written by experts not AI.

Dr. Eleanor Radcliffe

Michael Brooks

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Master's

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Jessica Lee

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How to Ask Us to Do Your Essay?

1. Fill Out the Order Form

2. Make 50% Upfront Payment

3. Order Confirmation

4. Team Member Outreach

5. Download Your Essay

Why Choose Our Essay Writing Service?

100% Plagiarism-free Essays

Urgent Essay Writing Help

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Authentic AI Detection Report

24/7 Live Customer Support

Free Unlimited Revisions

Types of Essays We Can Do For You

From essays and assignments to coursework and thesis, we do it all!

Argumentative essay

Analytical essay

Persuasive essay

Narrative essay

Expository essay

Descriptive essay

Scholarship essay

Application essay

Graduate essay

Ph.D. Essay

…. and more!

We Do Your Essay Within Your Budget

Enter your requirements in the price calculator below to get a quote. Pay what you see - no additional charges!

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Frequently Asked Questions

Can i pay someone to do my essay.

Yes, you can! Our professional writers are available to help you with any writing task. Simply place your order, and we’ll assign an expert to do your essay for you according to your requirements.

How quickly can you do my essay for me?

We offer flexible deadlines to fit your needs. Depending on your urgency, we can complete essays within 6 hours. But our average turnaround time is 2-3 days.

How do I track my order?

Once your order is placed, you can track its progress through our user-friendly dashboard. You can also communicate directly with your writer or use the live chat feature get customer support help at any hour of the day.

Do you have a refund policy?

Yes! If we don’t deliver your essay or paper within the deadline promised through the order form, we offer a complete refund, with no questions asked. You can also check out our refund policy for more details about other instances where a refund is offered.

Is it safe to pay someone to do my essay online?

Yes, we use secure payment methods to ensure your data and transactions are protected. Our service is confidential, so your personal information is safe with us.

Can I get revisions after the essay has been written by you?

Yes, you get to review your order for 14 days after we write and deliver it to you. If you need, you can ask for free revisions unlimited number of times for these 14 days and we’ll work with you to make it perfect.

Can you help me do my essay even if the topic is complex?

Absolutely! We have writers specializing in various subjects, so no matter how complex your essay is, we can provide the right expert to help you complete your assignment.

How much does it cost to have you do my paper for me?

Starting at just $11/oage, our pricing is competitive, and the cost depends on the deadline, academic level, and length of the paper. We aim to offer affordable options for students making ‘do my essay cheap’ requests.

Will my essay be original?

Absolutely. All papers are written from scratch and are 100% plagiarism-free. We also provide a plagiarism report for free with your essay for proof.

How can I be sure that your essay writing service is legit?

At MyPerfectWords.com, we only work with professional writers who have proven credentials. Each paper writer must show proof of their degree and provide trustworthy work samples. You can discuss pricing directly with the writer and track the progress of your order. We offer secure payment options, and you can also check our reviews and ratings on credible platforms. We've been helping students for over 10 years, ensuring quality and reliability.

How to Make the Most Out Of Our Essay Service?

We want to ensure you have the best experience when you ask us to write my essay for me. Which is why here are a few tips for you to make the most of our services:

• Provide Clear Instructions

When placing your order, be as detailed as possible. Share your essay guidelines, topics, and any specific requirements from your professor. The more we know, the better we can meet your expectations.

• Choose the Right Writer

Browse through our writers’ profiles to find the perfect match for your subject. Look at their qualifications, reviews, and areas of expertise to ensure they’re the best fit for your project.

• Place Your Order Early

To get the best deal, try to place your order as early as possible. This gives your writer more time to work on your paper, and you’ll save money with our lower rates for longer deadlines.

• Communicate with Your Writer

Stay in touch with your writer throughout the process. Ask questions, provide feedback, and request updates to keep your essay on track.

• Learn from Your Essay

Our essays are custom-written to match your needs, so use them as a learning tool. Review the structure, writing style, and research methods to improve your own writing skills.

• Review Your Drafts

Once you receive your draft, take the time to review it carefully. If any changes are needed, don’t hesitate to ask for revisions. We offer free revisions to ensure your essay is exactly what you need.

• Use Our Support

If you have any concerns or need help, our 24/7 customer service is always available. Don’t hesitate to reach out for assistance at any stage of your order.

Request ‘Write My Essay For Me Online’ If You Want to Get the Following Benefits

Choosing us brings you real, practical advantages that go beyond just having your paper written:

• Free Up Your Schedule for What Matters

By handing over your writing tasks to us, you gain valuable time for other priorities—whether it's catching up on other coursework, gaining work experience, or simply taking a break to recharge.

• Enhance Your Academic Performance

Struggling with complex subjects or unclear guidelines? Our experts help you submit top-tier assignments that not only meet academic standards but often exceed them—putting you on track for better grades.

• Avoid Last-Minute Panic

Got hit with a surprise deadline? We specialize in handling urgent requests, helping you avoid the last-minute stress that comes with unexpected deadlines.

• Learn Through Expert Examples

Each essay we deliver serves as a high-quality example you can use to improve your own writing. From proper formatting to researching tough topics, learn from our professionally crafted papers.

• Gain Confidence in Your Submissions

No more second-guessing whether your assignment is good enough. With our help, you can confidently submit your paper knowing it meets academic standards and your professor’s expectations.

• Stay in Control of Your Academic Journey

We offer flexible support, whether you need help with a single assignment or want consistent assistance throughout the semester. You decide when you need us, and we’re here to assist as much or as little as required.

• Take the Pressure Off During Exam Season

When exams are around the corner, juggling everything becomes tough. Let us handle your essays, so you can fully focus on preparing for your exams without splitting your attention.

• Receive Tailored Solutions for Complex Problems

Have an assignment that requires unique analysis or specific research? Our experts handle the toughest assignments with tailored approaches, offering you specialized help when it’s needed most.

Can You Do My Essay For Any Subject, Topic, or Academic Level?

Absolutely! We are equipped to handle essays on virtually any subject or topic, thanks to our diverse team of professional writers. Whether it’s a literature analysis, psychology case study, business report, or even a complex engineering project, we have experts in every academic field. Each of our writers specializes in specific subjects, ensuring that your essay is written with a deep understanding of the material and backed by thorough research.

We also cater to all academic levels, from high school to PhD. Whether you need help with a basic essay or an advanced dissertation, we tailor our approach to match your level of study and the specific requirements of your assignment. No matter how challenging your topic may seem or how specific your academic needs are, we’re here to provide a customized solution that meets your academic goals.

Can You Do My Essay Fast Without Copy-pasting?

Yes, we can! We deliver orders within 6, 12, and 24 hours. Our service specializes in delivering original, high-quality essays even on tight deadlines. When you need your essay done fast, we guarantee it will be written from scratch by our professional writers—no copy-pasting, no shortcuts.

Each paper is tailored to your specific instructions, thoroughly researched, and crafted to meet academic standards. We also run every paper through plagiarism checks to ensure 100% originality, so you can submit your work with confidence.

Who Will Write My Essay?

Your essay will be handled by a qualified professional with advanced degrees and extensive experience in academic writing. They are all native English speakers who can write top-notch essays in any format, be it APA, MLA, or any other.

Moreover, our writers are experts in their fields, ensuring that your paper is crafted by someone knowledgeable in your subject area. We give you the option to choose your writer or carefully match each essay with the best-suited writer to guarantee top-quality work.

Here’s how we hire writers in our team to ensure you get matched with just the best talent, not any scammers:

• Strict Screening

We only hire writers with proven academic credentials. Each candidate must hold a Master's or PhD in their field and provide proof of qualifications.

• Writing Tests

Before joining our team, every applicant must pass a series of writing tests to demonstrate their skills in research, essay structure, and formatting.

• Work Samples Review

Writers submit samples of previous work, which we review to ensure they meet our high standards for quality, originality, and academic rigor.

Ready to Get Started? Say, Just Do My Essay Now!

Don’t let deadlines or complex assignments hold you back. Whether you need help with a quick essay or an in-depth research paper, our expert writers are here to assist.

Place your order today through our user-friendly interface, and let us take the stress out of your academic workload. With fast, reliable, and high-quality writing, we’ll ensure you get the results you need—on time and tailored to your exact requirements.

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HandMadeWriting: Your Go-To Essay Writing Service for All Needs

Essay Provider with a Difference

Statistics of our paper writing service

Why hire our pro essay writer.

• Pocket-friendly prices We are aware that the majority of students do not have the funds to hire expensive paper writers. That is why we offer fair prices, flexible discounts, and a variety of other opportunities to save money on high-quality academic help. Additionally, we have a handy calculation tool allowing you to find out the price of your paper in a matter of minutes.
• Quick order fulfillment We employ one of the best essay writers you can find online. They excel at speedy writing and can craft a flawless 3-page essay for you in as little as three hours. Just be sure to choose a proper turnaround time when submitting your "write my essay" request to ensure it arrives on time. Also, take the time to double-check your instructions to make sure everything is clear for the writer.
• Individual approach We always make sure that the professional essay writer working on your project carefully follows all instructions and that your work is thoroughly researched, appropriately organized, and correctly cited. Our custom essay writing service also places a strong emphasis on work quality and pays special attention to the tiniest details.
• 60+ subjects covered We make every effort to set up our processes in a way that each customer's needs are met. Because of this, each essay writer on our team has a strong background and is an expert in their field. No matter how challenging your academic assignment may be, you can be assured that the most qualified paper writer will handle it.
• Easy order tracking As soon as you submit your "write my essay" request with our service, you get immediate access to an encrypted customer area where you can monitor order progress and get an estimation of when the assigned paper writer will complete your task. What's more, you can use it to contact your writer directly at any moment.
• Useful freebies As a professional essay writing service, we offer a bunch of useful freebies to all customers. These include a free essay bot, title page and bibliography, order status notifications, 14 days of limitless revisions, unlimited in-text citations, and more. Plus, you have the option to contact our 24/7 support team or your personal manager whenever needed.

What customers say about our essay writer team

Our students study here.

Our guarantees

Full refund, free modifications, professional writers only, 100% confidentiality, safe payment options, free title page and bibliography, here's how easy it is to hire our essay writers, free essay writer - essay writing tool.

Sure, our essay service can manage urgent papers even with a 1-hour deadline, thus closing all your academic gaps on time. You won’t experience delays or miscommunication at HandMadeWriting, as we have a separate team handling super urgent “write my essay” requests and assigning them to qualified and available writers right away.

We charge average prices compared to our competitors and strive to balance the quality of writing with the cost of service provision. At present, our paper writing services start at $14.59 per page for early birds, and more urgent papers of greater complexity have higher rates. The most expensive type of work is the Ph.D.-level assignment due in a couple of hours; we charge $53.43 for one page of such writing, but the demanding nature of urgent and advanced orders of this type explains it.

Yes, we ask all clients ordering our paper writing service to cover 100% of the paper’s cost right away – at the moment of placing an order. This is done to get an assurance that you won’t cancel an order after the writer gets assigned and starts collecting data for your custom paper. However, for everyone concerned about the intactness of their funds and the company’s honesty, we have a fully transparent refund policy. Thus, you have a guarantee of getting your money back if something goes wrong, we fail to allocate an author to your order, or the paper’s quality is substandard.

Yes, we monitor this aspect on every order and always urge writers to complete papers in full compliance with the client’s instructions. Your paper will be written and formatted 100% based on your prompt.

Yes, we have a 14-day revision policy for all assignments you get from us when asking, “Please write my essay.” You have two weeks for the order’s thorough review; if you find some flaws, typos, or argumentation problems and want the author to improve the paper, you can always turn to your assigned writer and get those changes free of charge. Yet, please keep in mind that free revisions cover only the initial instructions; you can’t ask the writer to compose new pieces of text or change the topic or structure of the original order.

When using our essay writer help, you can request your author to format the paper in any format and style you need. The best way to get what you want is to send us the professor’s prompt, rubric, or referencing guide of your educational institution. The writer will follow it closely to ensure full compliance with the tutor’s expectations.

Working with our trusted essay writing service is a wise decision with many unique benefits. You always get authentic, original papers with interesting ideas and a flawless structure. The service is affordable and secure, with rigorous security measures taken at every step of dealing with us. Besides, all customers are protected against hidden fees, delays, and non-deliveries, establishing long-lasting partnerships with their assigned writers.

As soon as you send us a “write my essay” message and complete the essay writing service form on the website, we calculate a quote for your order. At this stage, you are required to complete the full payment upfront; without the transaction, we don’t pass the order on to the next stage. Once the payment is made and registered in our system, your order gets to the system and becomes available for writer bidding.

Sure, all users of our online essay writing service are guaranteed full coverage of their privacy and confidentiality. We use encrypted payment gateways and protect our internal databases and servers with modern security measures to avoid exploits and data breaches. In addition, we foster a no-names policy in the author-client communication, so even your writer doesn’t know your real name and contacts.

Sure, we’re happy to treat customers to a wide range of extra features included in the service package free of charge. You get a free title page formatted in line with your indicated referencing style, a list of references, and many more exciting perks you can discover on the website.

Top-Tier Essay Writing Service with Many Unique Benefits

Studies are not always easy and manageable, no matter how excited and diligent you are in your study approach. A number of emergencies, unexpected interfering duties, illnesses, and social activities come in the way, preventing you from meeting all the deadlines and getting to the dream GPA score. But the problem is fully manageable; you only need to find a reliable custom essay writing service and delegate a part of your academic routines to qualified professionals.

HandMadeWriting is one of the leaders in the American and international academic writing market, ready to deliver top-quality papers on any topic and subject. We’re here 24/7 to give you a helping hand and support you in all your study endeavors.

Our company has been in the academic writing arena for 10+ years thus far, so we have a unique service package meeting the needs of the pickiest customers and can complete any assignment with utmost regard to customers’ needs and expectations. Whatever your academic discipline, subject, or assignment – we can do it on time and with tired and tested quality of execution.

No need to miss vital deadlines or submit mediocre assignments when you lack the time and energy to complete everything. Trust us, and we’ll dedicate the best writing forces to keep your scores steadily high and your academic reputation – spotless.

Reasons to Use Our College Essay Writing Service

Many students think they will be able to deal with all academic tasks on their own and will never need assistance from external sources. So, what makes people come to us with a request, “Please write my essay”? There are actually many reasons to utilize an essay writing help service like ours.

Here are the most common reasons students in a time crunch refer to us for assistance.

Lack of time

It’s a wise solution to order paper writing services from experts as soon as you see that you have no time to complete all your tasks. It often happens at the end of the semester, and first-year students or sophomores are more likely to fall into the trap of the “there’s so much time left” illusion. The reason for this blunder is a lack of time management and planning skills; the mastery of task scheduling will come later as you progress through your studies and understand how much time you really need for this or that task.

Pressing duties

A student whose only task is to attend lectures, workshops, and the library is long gone. Today’s students are busy people who may already have a family, a part-time job, sick parents, or even their own children. Besides, many modern learners engage in socially responsible activities like charity or volunteering. So, they have to squeeze some time for studies and can’t dedicate their whole days to reading books and writing essays. If that sounds like you, getting assistance from qualified essay writers online may be a good idea. Our authors can quickly grasp your subject and write an assignment that meets your prompt while you’re doing what matters the most.

Lack of understanding

Not all subjects and topics are universally clear and interesting for learners, and you often stumble upon a lesson that you just can’t grasp. If you’re short of time and need to compose an assignment on this topic, it makes sense to order essay writing service and close this pending academic gap. You may dedicate some time to study this topic later and understand this aspect of your learning material without stretching yourself here and now.

Poor command of written English

Distance learning has revolutionized the modern academic space by giving access to top-tier educational institutions for students from all corners of the world. However, no matter how passionate you are about Medicine, Management, or Psychology, you may fail at the basic level of formulating your ideas in coherent, professional English.

Those with a poor command of English may benefit from a paper writing service like ours immensely; you can compose drafts and formulate your original ideas and give us the drafts for polishing and vocabulary improvement.

Need for fresh insights

The final point many students forget about is the lack of energy and inspiration many chronically stressed and overloaded students may experience. If you find yourself in such a situation, it makes sense to take a pause and delegate your tasks to an essay service of HandMadeWriting. Take your time to relax, refresh your social connections, and have the vital rest you deserve.

Whatever your reason for a “ pay for essay ” request, HandMadeWriting can help you with the best writing services and timely, competent support. There is no need to sacrifice your free time and peace of mind; you can always have it all and study well if you turn to smart academic solutions. 

Besides getting vital relief from the daily writing routines, you can easily attain many other educational objectives and benefits with our services:

• Make college life simpler, more manageable, and way more enjoyable.
• Give you the vital time for pursuing your hobbies, extracurricular interests, sports, and social connections.
• Boost your grades and GPA, which is essential for the college or university rating and plays a role in your further educational and employment potential.
• Increase your chances of receiving a grant or scholarship of your interest.

Best Essay Writing Service in Terms of Timing

Timing means much when it comes to studies; professors usually pose strict deadline requirements, and violating deadlines means grade reduction. Thus, even if you find yourself in a severe time crunch or suddenly recollect that an important essay or research paper is due tomorrow morning, HandMadeWriting always has a solution to this problem.

We’re ready to deliver timely and competent academic solutions and compose a paper of any complexity within a constrained period without quality compromises.

HandMadeWriting services allow you to:

• Get your academic paper done within any time limit, even a couple of hours.
• Find a qualified writer available for an assignment of any academic complexity with a record turnaround.
• Order a super urgent paper and get it on time without putting your grades at stake.

What’s more, composing your papers at a fast speed doesn’t automatically mean that we drop some essential quality parameters. Just the opposite: our speedy academic solutions are delivered in compliance with the whole list of quality parameters distinguishing our top-tier service. Thus, you always get a well-polished, original text without typos or logical flaws, no matter the deadline.

A Place to Get All Kinds of Essay Writing Service

Saying that we have universal academic coverage may sound too vague for some of you, so here are some figures and facts to explain what we mean. When talking about academic paper types, our team can handle any of the following assignments:

• Article critique/review
• Annotated bibliography
• Lab reports
• Research paper
• Personal statements
• PowerPoint presentations
• Research papers
• Speaker notes
• Statistical calculations, and many more.

As for academic subject coverage, our vast team of 800+ qualified writers includes experts with degrees in 60+ academic disciplines. Thus, we face no limitations in finding a writing professional with domain-specific expertise and knowledge in your academic area. This universality allows us to allocate writers quickly and avoid delays in the work with clients’ assignments of any deadline.

Step-by-Step Algorithm of Using Our Custom Essay Writing Service

So, what happens when you come to us saying, “Please write my essay”? Let’s discuss the backstage of our writing process that can clarify how we compose stellar papers meeting all rigorous quality requirements of your professor.

Review of the prompt

The first stage of work on any order is to clarify the full list of the client’s requirements and shape a complete understanding of what is needed from the writer in a particular order. The writer takes some time to study the prompt and materials submitted by the client and asks some clarification questions in the messaging system.

Full compliance with the client’s requirements

Another aspect of our work on the orders is double-checking the prompt’s formatting and referencing requirements. The writer formats the assignment in the indicated style (e.g., MLA, APA, Harvard, and others) and follows the formatting prompts laid out in the order’s materials.

Research and credible source selection

Once the task is straightforward and the referencing and formatting instructions are identified, it’s time for pre-writing research and preparation. The writer collects academic publications on the order’s topic from databases and repositories to build an argument on them and shape the overall paper structure. The draft is prepared and submitted for the client’s review.

Client’s feedback implementation

Once you get the draft, you may give feedback to your author and streamline their further work on the order. We at HandMadeWriting prioritize progress reports and urge writers to keep clients updated about their progress, as it’s a vital parameter of quality in our understanding. A draft may help you see whether the writer has grasped the subject properly and whether they’re following the right path of argumentation. The writer will also feel more confident in finalizing your paper once they get feedback with further directions.

Plagiarism check

Once the final draft is ready, the writer runs the text through a plagiarism check to ensure no copy-pasted fragments or non-authentic ideas have crept into the content. If any such fragments are spotted, the writer completes all revisions before submitting the paper for your review. This way, you always get a paper free from plagiarism and polished to perfection.

Final review & QA

We’ve incorporated an additional layer of protection to ensure our clients always get the best service available in the modern market. A team of editors and QA experts reviews the final product for quality before its delivery to a client, thus guaranteeing that even some typos or minor flaws that could have skipped the author’s attention get spotted under the close gaze of quality assurance professionals.

As you can see, every order passes through multiple stages in the work process, each of which is aimed at improving quality and guaranteeing that the final product is in line with your instructions and expectations. We’re always ready to reiterate any of these stages if something goes wrong and our expert misinterprets any part of the requirements. This way, you always get a well-polished, well-written, and thoroughly researched project, checking all the boxes and complying with your vision of a flawless assignment.

Guarantees of Our Professional Essay Writing Service to Every Client

Working with our essay service is always a sure way to get excellent products and top-notch treatment. Here are some unique guarantees we include in the service package for every customer.

Authentic Papers

We take content originality seriously, as we understand what it means to submit a plagiarized paper to a college or university professor. Our qualified writers always compose 100% original content and keep to zero-plagiarism work practices. We also check all texts for authenticity with premium-level checkers to give you peace of mind.

Affordability

Our papers are affordable for vast student populations. We don’t charge extra fees for typical service types, as our mission is to make professional writing accessible to all students who need help. So, our solutions won’t break your bank, always fitting your moderate budget.

We’ve developed the website and service with a user in mind, so even people with minimal tech competencies can easily place an order or contact support. Our platform has an intuitive, user-friendly interface and very simple navigation.

Compliance with Writing Instructions

Full compliance with the customer’s instructions is at the heart of our service offering. We know that students come to us with a precise prompt, and deviation from those requirements may result in a grade reduction. Thus, we don’t take risks and follow the professor’s prompt to guarantee you get the paper you need.

Security and Privacy

Being caught at the use of external writing assistance is the last thing any student wants. So, we have implemented rigorous security measures that protect your privacy and keep your personal and banking data intact. Nobody will discover you’re our client (unless you tell them about this!)

Money-Back Guarantee

Using digital services is a risky endeavor for which not every student is ready. However, at HandMadeWriting, your funds are always fully protected by our money-back guarantee. We reserve the funds you’ve paid until you approve and close the order; the writer doesn’t get the payment until you’re fully satisfied with the service. If anything goes wrong, you can always claim your money back and get 100% of the funds.

No Hidden Fees and On-Time Delivery

We offer transparent, understandable service and prices that every student can calculate without a problem. It’s against our rules to add hidden costs and charge extras in the work process on your order; all customers get the full sum of the order straight away and have to cover nothing additionally after they place an order and make the payment.

24/7 Support System

We know how important it is to stay in touch with your assigned writer and support, especially if your ordered paper is urgent and important. Thus, 24/7 support across multiple channels provides you with prompt responses, clarifications, and order status updates.

More Features

This list of benefits is obviously not full, with many other perks and advantages awaiting every customer working with us. By partnering with our team, you get access to a huge pool of qualified writing talent, free revisions available 14 days after the order’s submission, the ability to hire a preferred writer and work with a specialist you like, and an internal loyalty program that helps you save money and earn referral bonuses.

An Impressive Team of Professional Writers

An academic writing provider’s reputation heavily depends on the qualifications and skills of its writing team. This is unsurprising, as writers can make or break any writing company’s track record. If the authors are professional, competent, polite, and punctual, their services will naturally please customers and make them return with more orders. If the writer team treats customers unprofessionally, delays the orders, and fails the key quality criteria for the assignment, a client will hardly come to this company again.

Knowing the fundamental importance of top-tier writing talent, we have dedicated much time and energy to the search and recruitment of the best-qualified authors to the team. Today, we boast one of the largest and most impressive writing pools among academic writing companies, and we don’t stop on the achieved.

Besides these writers working on hundreds of clients’ orders daily, we continually scan the labor market to spot ambitious, creative, and passionate authors. Our rigorous hiring process includes multiple stages at which many not-that-qualified contenders are weeded out, and those who get to the final stage of recruitment are added to the star team at your service.

Here are some criteria we employ to ensure only the cream of the crop gets to our team:

• We hire only writers with relevant domain-specific knowledge and credentials from renowned educational institutions in English-speaking countries.
• We don’t accept authors with less than a Master’s or PhD degree to the team.
• All authors should be ENL experts with a perfect command of written, academic English.
• We hire experts with a minimum of 3 years of experience in the academic writing industry.
• Our employees should know all the fundamentals of academic writing and be proficient in MLA, APA, Harvard, and other referencing styles.
• Each author in our writing family possesses high ratings and enjoys positive user testimonials.

Besides looking at all these credentials, we use a multi-step testing and screening process to weed out unsuitable candidates:

• At the first stage of our application process, the authors send us their CVs and writing samples for screening.
• Those whose CVs and samples pass the initial check are invited to take an English grammar and academic writing test on our platform.
• The candidates are given a timed essay task if the results are satisfactory. This testing stage is meant to check whether the authors can deliver orders upon the client’s prompt and whether they can complete tasks of high urgency.
• Once all these stages are completed successfully, the candidate is invited to an interview with the company’s HR manager. At this final stage of recruitment, the skilled HR specialist tests the candidate’s soft skills, such as ethics in handling confidential data, punctuality, passion for writing, politeness in communication, and commitment to quality.

As you can see, the process is very thorough, ensuring that only highly skilled experts with relevant expertise, a full set of soft skills, and a passion for writing join the team. This way, we guarantee you’re served only by the best in our company.

How to Make Use of Our Paper Writing Service?

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Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia

The capital city of Sverdlovsk oblast: Ekaterinburg .

Sverdlovsk Oblast - Overview

Sverdlovsk Oblast is a federal subject of Russia, the largest region of the Urals, located on the border between Europe and Asia in the Urals Federal District. Yekaterinburg is the capital city of the region.

The population of Sverdlovsk Oblast is about 4,264,300 (2022), the area - 194,307 sq. km.

Sverdlovsk oblast flag

Sverdlovsk oblast coat of arms.

Sverdlovsk oblast map, Russia

Sverdlovsk oblast latest news and posts from our blog:.

26 May, 2020 / Unique Color Photos of Yekaterinburg in 1909 .

2 December, 2018 / Yekaterinburg - the view from above .

21 November, 2018 / Abandoned Railway Tunnel in Didino .

12 October, 2017 / Northern Urals: Manpupuner Plateau and Dyatlov Pass .

20 April, 2015 / Multicolored aurora borealis in the Northern Urals .

More posts..

History of Sverdlovsk Oblast

The first people settled here in the Stone Age. At the end of the 16th century, the Russian kingdom gained control of the region. In the 17th century, the most significant stage of the initial development of this area happened, when Russian settlers began a massive advance to the east. In 1598, the first settlers founded the town of Verkhoturye on the territory of the present Sverdlovsk region.

Verkhoturye became the first capital of the Urals because of its strategic location on the Babinov road - an important crossroads of trade routes. Sverdlovsk oblast acted as a transshipment base between the central part of the country and the actively developed regions of Siberia and Central Asia.

The presence of strategic reserves of iron and copper ore, as well as large forest areas, predetermined the specialization of the region (ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, wood processing, mining, etc.). Exploration of minerals in the Sverdlovsk region began at the end of the 17th century.

In the 18th century, the Demidov dynasty founded several plants in the region that turned into large production and economic complexes. The local industry was characterized by a high level of technological development. The blast furnaces of the Ekaterinburg, Nevyansk, Tagil iron-making plants were superior in performance to the best European models of that time, and their products were the leading item of Russian exports.

More historical facts…

The launch of the Trans-Siberian Railway became a landmark event in the life of the Middle Urals, allowing large-scale export of plant products. Between 1920 and 1930, the Urals was able to once again take its place as the leading industrial region of Russia by strengthening its mining industry, creating new production facilities, developing energy and mass urban construction.

In the years of the first five-year plans, along with the reconstruction of old enterprises, several new large industrial facilities were opened: Uralmashzavod, Uralelektrotyazhmash, tool and ball bearing plants in Sverdlovsk, Uralvagonzavod and Nizhny Tagil metallurgical plant in Nizhny Tagil, pipe plants in Pervouralsk and Kamensk-Uralsky, copper smelters in Krasnouralsk and Sredneuralsk, the Ural aluminum smelter in Kamensk-Uralsky and others.

On October 3, 1938, the territory of Sverdlovsk Oblast was finally formed. During the Second World War, from July 1941 to December 1942, more than 2 million people came to the Urals region, of which more than 700 thousand stayed in Sverdlovsk Oblast.

In the postwar period, Sverdlovsk Oblast continued to develop as a major industrial center of the Urals. The industry of the region was a supplier of the most important types of machinery, products of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, chemical, electric power, light, and food industries. Mechanical engineering and metalworking retained their leading place in the structure of the local industry.

Being one of the most important industrial and defense centers of the Soviet Union, the Sverdlovsk region remained closed to foreigners until 1991.

Beautiful nature of Sverdlovsk Oblast

Forest stream in Sverdlovsk Oblast

Author: Vlasov Pavel

Sverdlovsk Oblast nature

Author: Oleg Seliverstov

Sverdlovsk Oblast is rich in forests

Sverdlovsk Oblast - Features

Sverdlovsk Oblast received its name from its administrative center - the city of Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg). The name appeared on January 17, 1934, together with the formation of the region. After renaming Sverdlovsk back to Yekaterinburg, the region was not renamed and retained its Soviet name.

The territory of Sverdlovsk Oblast stretches from west to east for 560 kilometers, from north to south - for 660 kilometers. The climate is continental. The average temperature in January is about minus 16-20 degrees Celsius, in July - plus 19-30 degrees Celsius.

The Sverdlovsk region, being one of the oldest mining regions of Russia, is rich in a variety of natural resources. Today, the local mineral and raw materials base provides a significant part of the production of Russian vanadium, bauxite, chrysotile-asbestos, iron ore, refractory clay. The region is the main raw source for Russian aluminum industry.

There are significant reserves of nickel ores, precious metals, mineral and fresh groundwater, practically unlimited reserves of building materials. There are deposits of stone and brown coals, chromites, manganese and certain prospects for discovering oil and gas fields. Forests cover about 80% of the territory.

Sverdlovsk Oblast is an important transport hub of Russia. The Trans-Siberian Railway passes through its territory. Koltsovo is a large international airport located in Yekaterinburg. The largest cities and towns of Sverdlovsk Oblast are Yekaterinburg (1,493,600), Nizhny Tagil (340,700), Kamensk-Uralsky (162,500), Pervouralsk (117,700), Serov (93,900), Novouralsk (79,000), and Verkhnyaya Pyshma (76,400).

Sverdlovsk Oblast is known for its traditional International exhibition of armament in Nizhny Tagil, annual Russian Economic Forum in Yekaterinburg. Yekaterinburg is the 4th largest scientific center in Russia after Moscow, Saint-Petersburg and Novosibirsk.

It is one of the most important industrial regions of Russia. The structure of the local industrial complex is dominated by ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, enrichment of uranium and iron ore, engineering.

The largest enterprises of ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy are the Nizhnetagilsky Metallurgical Combine, the Kachkanar GOK Vanadiy, VSMPO-Avisma, the Pervouralsky Novotrubny Plant, the Bogoslovsky and the Ural Aluminum Smelters, the Kamensk-Uralsk Metallurgical Plant, the Sinarsky Pipe Plant, the Seversk Pipe Plant, as well as enterprises of the Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company (Uralelectromed, Sredneuralsky Copper Smelting Plant, Metallurgical Plant named after A.K. Serov, etc.).

The most important enterprises of the machine-building complex are Uralvagonzavod, Ural Heavy Machinery Plant, Uralelectrotyazhmash, Uralkhimmash, Ural Turbine Plant, Ural Civil Aviation Plant. Uralkhimplast, which produces synthetic resins, is the largest chemical plant in Russia.

Attractions of Sverdlovsk Oblast

Coniferous forests and numerous rivers make the nature of the Sverdlovsk region attractive for tourists. There is a number of reserves and nature parks: Visimsky State Nature Reserve, Denezhkin Kamen National Nature Reserve, Pripyshminsky Bory National Park, Oleny Ruchi Nature Park, Chusovaya River Nature Park, Bazhovskiye Places Nature Park, Rezhevskoy Nature and Mineralogical Reserve.

Some of the most interesting sights located outside of Yekaterinburg:

• Nevyansk Tower - a leaning tower in the center of the town of Nevyansk, built by the order of Akinfiy Demidov, the founder of the mining industry in the Urals, in the first half of the 18th century;
• Cathedral of the Savior’s Transfiguration in Nevyansk;
• Battle glory of the Urals - an open-air museum of military equipment in Verkhnyaya Pyshma;
• Automotive equipment museum in Verkhnyaya Pyshma - one of the largest collections of Russian cars, special equipment, motorcycles, bicycles;
• Obelisk symbolizing the border between Europe and Asia in Pervouralsk;
• Verkhoturye - a historical town with a kremlin and a lot of churches called the spiritual center of the Urals. The Cross Exaltation Cathedral of the St. Nicholas Monastery is the third largest cathedral in Russia after the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow and St. Isaac’s Cathedral in St. Petersburg;
• Mount Kachkanar located near the border between Europe and Asia. At the top of the mountain there is the Buddhist Monastery of Shad Tchup Ling;
• Monastery in the name of the Holy Royal Passion-Bearers on Ganina Yama standing on the site of the extermination and the first burial of the remains of the family of the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II and his servants;
• Museum Complex Severskaya Domna in Polevskoy, 52 kilometers from Ekaterinburg - an industrial and architectural monument (1860);
• Open-air museum in Nizhnyaya Sinyachikha - Ural wooden architecture and the richest collection of the Ural house painting;
• Severskaya Pisanitsa - a monument with rock paintings and images of the Neolithic Age located near the village of Severka.

Sverdlovsk oblast of Russia photos

Pictures of the sverdlovsk region.

Sverdlovsk Oblast scenery

Author: Anatoliy Kislov

Bridge in Sverdlovsk Oblast

Author: Igor Romanov

Road in the Sverdlovsk region

Sverdlovsk Oblast views

Field of dandelions in Sverdlovsk Oblast

Winter in Sverdlovsk Oblast

Author: Isupov Sergei

Churches in Sverdlovsk Oblast

Abandoned church in the Sverdlovsk region

Author: Timofey Zakharov

Wooden church in Sverdlovsk Oblast

Orthodox church in Sverdlovsk Oblast

Author: Kutenyov Vladimir

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Yekaterinburg

Yekaterinburg [lower-alpha 1] is a city and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast and the Ural Federal District , Russia. The city is located on the Iset River between the Volga-Ural region and Siberia , with a population of roughly 1.5   million residents, [14] up to 2.2   million residents in the urban agglomeration. Yekaterinburg is the fourth-largest city in Russia, the largest city in the Ural Federal District, and one of Russia's main cultural and industrial centres. Yekaterinburg has been dubbed the "Third capital of Russia", as it is ranked third by the size of its economy, culture, transportation and tourism. [15] [16] [17] [18]

Imperial era

Contemporary era, demographics, administrative districts, administration, living costs and the labor market, finance and business, retail and services, transportation, public transit, media and telecommunications, life and culture, architecture, international relations, bric summit, twin towns – sister cities, notable people, bibliography, external links.

Yekaterinburg was founded on 18 November 1723 and named after the Orthodox name of Catherine I (born Marta Helena Skowrońska), the wife of Russian Emperor Peter the Great . The city served as the mining capital of the Russian Empire as well as a strategic connection between Europe and Asia. In 1781, Catherine the Great gave Yekaterinburg the status of a district town of Perm Province , and built the historical Siberian Route through the city. [3] Yekaterinburg became a key city to Siberia, which had rich resources. In the late 19th century, Yekaterinburg became one of the centres of revolutionary movements in the Urals. In 1924, after the Russian SFSR founded the Soviet Union , the city was renamed Sverdlovsk after the Bolshevik leader Yakov Sverdlov . During the Soviet era, Sverdlovsk was turned into an industrial and administrative powerhouse. On 23 September 1991 the city returned to its historical name.

Yekaterinburg is one of Russia's most important economic centres and was one of the host cities of the 2018 FIFA World Cup . The city is currently experiencing an economic and population boom, which resulted in some of the tallest skyscrapers of Russia being located in the city. Yekaterinburg is home to the headquarters of the Central Military District of the Russian Armed Forces , as well as the presidium of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences .

Yekaterinburg is famous for its constructivist architecture [19] [20] [21] and is also considered the "Russian capital of street art ". [22] [23] [24]

The area was settled in prehistory. The earliest settlements date to 8000–7000   BC, in the Mesolithic period . The Isetskoe Pravoberezhnoye I archaeological site contains a Neolithic settlement dated to 6000–5000   BC. It includes stone processing workshops with artefacts such as grinding plates, anvils, clumps of rock, tools, and finished products. Over 50 different types of rock and minerals were used in tool making, indicating extensive knowledge of the region's natural resources. The Gamayun peninsula (left bank of the Verkh-Isetsky Pond) has archaeological findings from the Chalcolithic Period : workshops for producing stone tools (upper area) and two dwellings of the Ayat culture (lower area). There are also traces of the Koptyak culture from 2000   BC: dishes decorated with bird images and evidence of metallurgical production. The Tent I site contains the only Koptyak culture burials discovered in the Ural Mountains . In the Bronze Age , the people of Gamayun culture lived in the area. They left fragments of ceramics, weapons, and ornaments. [25] [26] [27]

Archaeological artifacts in the vicinity of Yekaterinburg were first discovered during railway construction, at the end of the 19th century. Excavation and research began in the 20th century. Artifacts are held at the Sverdlovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore , at the Hermitage , at the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences, and at other museums. [26]

The first Russian settlements within the boundaries of modern Yekaterinburg appeared in the second half of the 17th century — in 1672, an Old Believers village arose in the area of Shartash lake [28] (this fact is disputed by historians, since no evidence of the founding of the village at that time was found in the sources), [29] and in 1680 – 1682, the villages of Nizhny and Verkhny Uktus appeared on the banks of Uktus River (now the territory of the Chkalovsky district of the city). [30] In 1702, by the initiative of the head of Sibirskiy prikaz Andrew Vinius , the Uktus state ironwork plant was founded near Nizhny Uktus — the first ironworks within the boundaries of modern Yekaterinburg. [31] In 1704, the Shuvakish ironworks was built (now the territory of the Zheleznodorozhny district of the city). [28] With the beginning of active construction of factories in the Urals in the 18th century, relations with their southern neighbors, the Bashkirs , became strained. As a result of the Bashkir raid in 1709, the village of Verkhny Uktus was devastated, all buildings, including the wooden church and chapel, were burned, the residents fled to the protection of the Uktus plant fortifications. [30] On the night of 5 April 1718, a fire destroyed all the factory buildings of the Uktus plant, except for the dam, and the plant was restored only by 1720 under the supervision of Timofey Burtsev. [32] However, the plant did not receive further development due to the lack of water in Uktus river.

In 1720, by decree of Peter I , a delegation led by mining specialist Johann Blüher and statesman Vasily Tatishchev was sent to the Urals . [33] They were entrusted with managing the mining industry, identifying the causes of the collapse and reduction of production at state-owned factories. [33] On 29 December 1720, [33] Tatishchev and Blüher arrive at the Uktus plant, which became their main residence in the Urals. As a result of familiarizing himself with the state of nearby state-owned factories, Tatishchev came to the conclusion that on the basis of these factories, even if they were reconstructed and expanded, it would not be possible to quickly increase the production of iron, and it would be more profitable to build a new large plant. After inspecting the immediate area, together with the commissary of the Uktus plant, Timofey Burtsev, a place rich in ore and forest was chosen on the banks of the more full-flowing Iset River , 7 versts from Uktus. [33] On 6 February 1721, Tatishchev sent a message to the Collegium of Mining , in which he asked permission to begin construction of the plant, with detailed explanations and justification for this project. [33] On 1 March 1721, without waiting for a response from the Collegium, Tatishchev began construction of the new plant, [28] but he failed to convince Collegium, and by the Collegium decree of 10 December 1721, he was removed from the leadership of mining affairs in the Urals. [28] In 1722, by decree of Peter the Great, a mining engineer, Major General Georg Wilhelm de Gennin , was sent to the Urals in place of Tatishchev. Having studied all the circumstances, de Gennin fully supported Tatishchev’s project, and on 12 March 1723, construction of the plant on Iset resumed. [28]

Russian historian Vasily Tatishchev and Russian engineer Georg Wilhelm de Gennin founded Yekaterinburg with the construction of a massive iron-making plant under the decree of Russian emperor Peter the Great in 1723. [34] They named the city after the emperor's wife, Yekaterina, who later became empress regnant Catherine   I . [2] Officially, the city's founding date is 18 November 1723, when the shops carried out a test run of the bloomery for trip hammers. [2] The plant was commissioned 6 days later, on 24 November. [35] 1723 also saw the establishment of Yekaterinburg fortress , which would encompass many of the settlement's earliest buildings. Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak very vividly described the beginning of the construction of a mining plant and a fortress: "Imagine completely deserted banks of the Iset river, covered with forest. In the spring of 1723, soldiers from Tobolsk, peasants of the assigned settlements, hired craftsmen appeared, and everything around came to life, as if by the dictates of a fairy tale. They dropped the forest, prepared a place for the dam, laid blast furnaces, raised the rampart, set up barracks and houses for the authorities... ". [36]

In 1722–1726 the Verkhne-Uktussky mining plant was built, [37] which was officially called the plant of the princess Elizabeth (the future village of Elizabeth, or Elizavetinskoe) and became a part of modern Yekaterinburg in 1934. [38] In 1726, Wilhelm de Gennin founded an auxiliary Verkh-Isetsky plant with a working settlement 2 versts from Yekaterinburg upstream ('verkh' in Russian) the Iset River. [39] The plant's dam formed the Verkh-Isetsky pond. Colloquially called by the Russian acronym VIZ, it was a satellite town until in 1926, with a population of over 20,000 people by this time, it was incorporated into Yekaterinburg as the core of the Verkh-Isetsky district. [39]

Yekaterinburg was one of the industrial cities of Russia prompted at the beginning of the 18th century by decrees of Tsar Peter the Great which demanded the development of the metalworking industry. With extensive use of iron, the city was built to a regular square plan with ironworks and residential buildings at the centre. These were surrounded by fortified walls so that Yekaterinburg was at the same time both a manufacturing centre and a fortress at the frontier between Europe and Asia. It, therefore, found itself at the heart of Russia's strategy for further development of the entire Ural region. The so-called Siberian Route became operational in 1763 and placed the city on an increasingly important transit route, which led to its development as a focus of trade and commerce between east and west, and gave rise to the description of the city as the "window to Asia". With the growth in trade and the city's administrative importance, the ironworks became less critical, and the more important buildings were increasingly built using expensive stone. Small manufacturing and trading businesses proliferated. In 1781 Russia's empress, Catherine the Great, granted Yekaterinburg town status and nominated it as the administrative centre for the wider region within Perm Governorate . [3] In 1807, the role of the capital of the mining and smelting region was confirmed by assigning it the status of the only "mountain city" in Russia. Until 1863, Yekaterinburg remained subordinate to the head of the mining plants of the Ural ridge , the minister of finance and personally to the emperor, and enjoyed considerable freedom from the governor's power. Since the 1830s, mountainous Yekaterinburg has become the center of mechanical engineering. [36]

In 1820–1845, 45% of the world's gold was mined in Yekaterinburg. This is the first ever "Gold Rush". [40] Until 1876, 80% of the coins in circulation in the Russian Empire were produced at the Yekaterinburg mint. [41]

Following the October Revolution , the family of deposed Tsar Nicholas II was sent to internal exile in Yekaterinburg where they were imprisoned in the Ipatiev House in the city. In July 1918, the Czechoslovak Legions were closing on Yekaterinburg. In the early hours of the morning of 17 July, the deposed Tsar, his wife Alexandra , and their children Grand Duchesses Olga , Tatiana , Maria , Anastasia , and Tsarevich Alexei were murdered by the Bolsheviks at the Ipatiev House. Other members of the Romanov family were killed at Alapayevsk later the same day. The Legions arrived less than a week later and captured the city. [42] [43] The city remained under the control of the White movement in which a provisional government was established. The Red Army took back the city and restored Soviet authority on 14 July 1919. [44] [45]

In the years following the Russian Revolution and the Russian Civil War , political authority of the Urals was transferred from Perm to Yekaterinburg. On 19 October 1920, Yekaterinburg established its first university, the Ural State University , as well as polytechnic, pedagogical, and medical institutions under the decree of Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin . Enterprises in the city ravaged by the war were nationalised, including: the Metalist (formerly Yates) Plant, the Verkh-Isetsky (formerly Yakovleva) Plant, and the Lenin flax-spinning factory (formerly Makarov). In 1924, the city of Yekaterinburg was renamed Sverdlovsk after the Bolshevik leader Yakov Sverdlov . [46] [28] [44]

By the 1934, following a series of administrative reforms carried by the early Soviet government, the earliest Russian settlements which predated Yekaterinburg and laid the basis of its founding, were incorporated into the city proper. [38] [47]

During the reign of Stalin, Sverdlovsk was one of several places developed by the Soviet government as a centre of heavy industry. Old factories were reconstructed and new large factories were built, especially those specialised in machine-building and metalworking. These plants included Magnitogorsk and the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant in Chelyabinsk oblast , and Uralmash in Sverdlovsk. During this time, the population of Sverdlovsk tripled in size, and it became one of the fastest-growing cities of the Soviet Union. At that time, very large powers were given to the regional authorities. By the end of the 1930s, there were 140 industrial enterprises, 25 research institutes, and 12 higher education institutions in Sverdlovsk. [48] [49]

During World War II, the city became the headquarters of the Ural Military District on the basis of which more than 500 different military units and formations were formed, including the 22nd Army and the Ural Volunteer Tank Corps. Uralmash became the main production site for armoured vehicles. Many state technical institutions and whole factories were relocated to Sverdlovsk away from cities affected by war (mostly Moscow), with many of them staying in Sverdlovsk after the victory. The Hermitage Museum collections were also partly evacuated from Leningrad to Sverdlovsk in July 1941 and remained there until October 1945. [50] In the postwar years, new industrial and agricultural enterprises were put into operation and massive housing construction began. [51] [44] The lookalike five-story apartment blocks that remain today in Kirovsky, Chkalovsky, and other residential areas of Sverdlovsk sprang up in the 1960s, under the direction of Nikita Khrushchev 's government. [52] In 1977, Ipatiev House was demolished by order of Boris Yeltsin in accordance to a resolution from the Politburo in order to prevent it from being used as a rallying location for monarchists . Yeltsin later became the first President of Russia and represented the people at the funeral of the former Tsar in 1998. [53] There was an anthrax outbreak in Sverdlovsk in April and May 1979, which was attributed to a release from the Sverdlovsk-19 military facility . [54]

During the 1991 coup d'état attempt , Sverdlovsk, the home city of President Boris Yeltsin, was selected by him as a temporary reserve capital for the Russian Federation, in case Moscow became too dangerous for the Russian government. A reserve cabinet headed by Oleg Lobov was sent to the city, where Yeltsin enjoyed strong popular support at that time. [55] Shortly after the failure of the coup and subsequent dissolution of the Soviet Union, the city regained its historical name of Yekaterinburg on 23 September 1991. However, Sverdlovsk Oblast, of which Yekaterinburg is the administrative centre, kept its name. [56] [57]

In the 2000s, an intensive growth of trade, business, and tourism began in Yekaterinburg. In 2003, Russian President Vladimir Putin and German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder negotiated in Yekaterinburg. On 15–17 June 2009, the SCO and BRIC summits were held in Yekaterinburg, which greatly improved the economic, cultural, and tourist situation in the city. On 13–16 July 2010, a meeting between Russian President Dmitry Medvedev and German Chancellor Angela Merkel took place in the city. [58]

In 2018, Yekaterinburg hosted four matches of the 2018 FIFA World Cup and hosted the inaugural University International Sports Festival in 2023. [59]

Geographically, Yekaterinburg is in North Asia, close to the Ural Mountains (which divide Europe from Asia), 1,667   km (1,036   mi) east of the nation's capital Moscow.

The city has a total area of 1,111   km 2 (429   sq   mi) .

Yekaterinburg is on the eastern side of the Urals. The city is surrounded by wooded hills, partially cultivated for agricultural purposes. Yekaterinburg is located on a natural watershed, so there would be many bodies of water close and in the city. The city is bisected by the Iset River , which flows from the Urals into the Tobol River . There are two lakes in the city, Lake Shuvakish and Lake Shartash. The city borders Verkh-Isetskiy Pond, through which the Iset River flows. Lake Isetskoye and Lake Baltym are both near the city, with Lake Isetskoye located near Sredneuralsk , and Lake Baltym located near the towns of Sanatornyy and Baltym.

Yekaterinburg uses the Yekaterinburg Time, which is five hours ahead of UTC (UTC+5), and two hours ahead of Moscow Time . [60]

The city possesses a humid continental climate ( Dfb ) under the Köppen climate classification . [61] It is characterised by sharp variability in weather conditions, with well-marked seasons. The Ural Mountains, despite their insignificant height, block air from the west, from the European part of Russia. As a result, the Central Urals are open to the invasion of cold arctic air and continental air from the West Siberian Plain. Equally, warm air masses from the Caspian Sea and the deserts of Central Asia can freely penetrate from the south. Therefore, the weather in Yekaterinburg is characterised by sharp temperature fluctuations and weather anomalies: in winter, from frost at −40   °C to thaw and rain; in summer, from frosts to temperatures above 35   °C (95   °F) . [61]

The distribution of precipitation is determined by the circulation of air masses, relief, and air temperatures. The main part of the precipitation is brought by cyclones with a western air mass transfer, that is, from the European part of Russia, while their average annual amount is 601   mm. The maximum falls on a warm season, during which about 60–70% of the annual amount falls. For the winter period is characterized by snow cover with an average capacity of 40–50   cm. The coefficient of moistening(the ratio of yearly precipitation and potential evaporation ) – 1. [61]

• The average temperature in January is −12.6   °C (9.3   °F) . The record minimum temperature is −44.6   °C (−48.3   °F) (6 January 1915);
• The average July temperature is 18.9   °C (66.0   °F) . The record maximum temperature is 40.0   °C (104.0   °F) (11 July 2023);
• The average annual temperature is 2.1   °C (35.8   °F) ;
• The average annual wind speed is 2.9   m/s (10   km/h; 6.5   mph) ;
• The average annual humidity is 75%;
• The average annual precipitation is 534   mm (21.0   in) ;

According to the results of the 2021 Census , the population of Yekaterinburg was 1,544,376 ; [64] up from 1,349,772 recorded in the 2010 Census . [7]

As of 2021, the ethnic composition of Yekaterinburg was: [65]

Religion in Yekaterinburg (2024)

Christianity is the predominant religion in the city, of which most are adherents to the Russian Orthodox Church. The Yekaterinburg and Verkhotursky diocese is located in the Holy Trinity Cathedral in the city. Other religions practised in Yekaterinburg include Islam , Old Believers , Catholicism , Protestantism , and Judaism .

Yekaterinburg has a significant Muslim community, but it suffers from a lack of worship space: there are only two small mosques . Another mosque was built in the nearby city of Verkhnyaya Pyshma . On 24 November 2007, the first stone was laid in the construction of a large Cathedral Mosque with four minarets , and space for 2,500 parishioners in the immediate vicinity of the cathedral and a synagogue , thus forming the "area of the three religions". [66] The mosque was planned to be built for the SCO summit, but due to funding problems, construction did not move from zero and is now frozen.

Construction of a Methodist church started in 1992, and with the help of American donations, finished in 2001. [67] A synagogue was opened in 2005, on the same place a 19th-century synagogue was demolished in 1962.

Most of the city's religious buildings were destroyed during the Soviet era, in addition to the synagogue, the three largest Orthodox churches in Yekaterinburg were demolished – the Epiphany Cathedral, the Ekaterininsky Cathedral, and the Great Zlatoust Church . Other Christian churches such as the Lutheran Church of Yekaterinburg and the Roman Catholic Church of St. Anne (a new Catholic St. Anne's Church was built in 2000) were demolished as well. Other churches were used as warehouses and industrial sites. The only religious building in Yekaterinburg in the Soviet era was the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist. Recently, some churches are being rebuilt. Since 2006, according to the surviving drawings, the Great Zlatoust Church was restored in 2012. On 17 April 2010, the city was visited by Patriarch Kirill . [68]

Yekaterinburg is the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast . [1] Within the framework of the administrative divisions , it is, together with twenty-nine rural localities , incorporated as the City of Yekaterinburg, [9] an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . [1] As a municipal division, the City of Yekaterinburg is incorporated as Yekaterinburg Urban Okrug. [10]

Each district is not a municipal formation, and the historical centre of the city is divided into five inner-city districts (except Chkalovsky and Ordzhonikidzevsky).

A district named Akademicheskiy was formed from the parts of Leninsky and Verkh-Isetsky districts on 3 January 2020. [70] On 1 October 2021, more settlements were transferred from Verkh-Isetsky to Akademicheskiy district. [71]

The Charter of Yekaterinburg establishes a four-link system for the organisation of local authorities, which includes: the Head of Yekaterinburg, who serves as the chairman of the Yekaterinburg City Duma, the Yekaterinburg City Duma, the Administration of the City of Yekaterinburg, and the Chamber of Accounts. [74]

According to the charter of Yekaterinburg, the highest official of the municipal formation is the mayor of Yekaterinburg. The mayor is elected by universal suffrage, but since 3 April 2018, the procedure for direct elections of the mayor of the City of Yekaterinburg was abolished. The mayor of the city is endowed with representative powers and powers to organize activities and guide the activities of the City Duma. In addition, the mayor of the city exercises other powers such as concluding a contract with the head of the city administration and ensuring compliance with the Russian Constitution, Russian legislation, the city charter, and other normative acts. [75] [76]

In the event of a temporary absence of the mayor of Yekaterinburg, his authority under his written order is exercised by the deputy mayor of Yekaterinburg. [77]

The representative body of the municipal formation is the Yekaterinburg City Duma, which represents the city's entire population. The membership of the Duma is 36 deputies (18 deputies were elected in single-mandate constituencies and 18 in a single electoral district). Residents of the city elect deputies on the basis of universal suffrage for a period of 5 years. [74]

The executive and administrative body of the municipal formation is the Administration of the City of Yekaterinburg, led by the head of the Administration, currently held by Aleksandr Yacob. The administration is endowed with its own powers to resolve issues of local importance, but it is under the control and accountable to the Yekaterinburg City Duma. The building of the Administration of Yekaterinburg is located on 1905 Square . [76]

The Chamber of Accounts is a permanently operating body of external municipal financial control. The Chamber is formed by the apparatus of the City Duma and is accountable to it. The Chamber consists of the chairman, deputy chairman, auditors and staff. The structure and number of staff of the chamber, including the number of auditors, is determined by the decision of the City Duma. The term of office of the Chamber staff is 5 years. The Chamber of Accounts is a legal entity. [77]

In accordance with the regional charter, Yekaterinburg is the administrative centre of the Sverdlovsk Oblast. [1] The executive power is exercised by the governor of Sverdlovsk Oblast, the legislative power by the legislative assembly of Sverdlovsk Oblast, and the judicial power by the Sverdlovsk Regional Court, located in the building of the Palace of Justice. [78] The building serving the regional government is the White House and the building serving the legislative assembly is located next to it on October Square. The ministries of the Sverdlovsk Region are located in the building of the regional government, as well as in other separate buildings of the city. [79]

Yekaterinburg serves as the centre of the Ural Federal District. As a result, it serves as the residence of the presidential envoy , the highest official of the district and part of the administration of the President of Russia. The residence is located the building of the regional government on October Square near the Iset River embankment.

In addition, Yekaterinburg serves as the centre of the Central Military District and more than 30 territorial branches of the federal executive bodies, whose jurisdiction extends not only to Sverdlovsk Oblast, but also to other regions in the Ural Mountains, Siberia, and the Volga Region.

According to the results of the September 2013 elections, the mayor of the city was Yevgeny Roizman , nominated by the Civil Platform party. Out of the 36 seats in the City Duma, 21 belong to United Russia , 7 to A Just Russia , 3 to the Civil Platform, 2 to the Communist Party and 1 seat to the LDPR . The turnout in the mayoral elections was 33.57%. [80]

It was the last popular vote in Yekaterinburg. Since 2018, there have been no elections, but a vote in the Municipal Duma. On 25 September 2018 the majority of the representatives in the Duma voted in favour of the Vice-Governor of Sverdlovsk oblast, Alexander Vysokinskiy.

Yekaterinburg is one of the largest economic centres in Russia. It is included in the City-600 list (it unites the 600 largest cities in the world that produce 60% of global GDP), compiled by the McKinsey Global Institute, a research organisation. In 2010, the consulting company estimated the gross product of Yekaterinburg to be about $19   billion (according to the calculations of the company, it should grow to $40   billion by 2025). [82] [83]

By volume of the economy, Yekaterinburg ranks third in the country, after Moscow and St. Petersburg. According to a research of the Institute for Urban Economics, in the ranking of the largest cities and regional capital cities according to economic standards for 2015, Yekaterinburg ranked third. The city's gross urban product (GVP) was 898   billion rubles. Per capita GDP was 621.0 thousand rubles (18th place). [84] In 2015, the gross urban product of the Yekaterinburg metropolitan area amounted to 50.7   billion international dollars (the fourth place in the country) or 25.4 thousand international dollars in terms of per inhabitant of the metropolitan area. [85]

In the Soviet era, Yekaterinburg (as Sverdlovsk) was a purely industrial city, with a share of industry in the economy of 90% (of which 90% were in defense production). With Chelyabinsk and Perm, the three cities formed what to be the Urals industrial hub. [86]

The former head of Yekaterinburg, Arkady Chernetsky, has set the goal of diversifying the city's economy, which has resulted in the development of sectors such as warehousing, transportation, logistics, telecommunications, financial sector, wholesale and retail trade, etc. in Yekaterinburg. [86] Economist-geographer Natalia Zubarevich points out that at the present stage, Yekaterinburg has practically lost its industrial specialisation. [87]

The standard of living in Yekaterinburg exceeds the average standard across Russia. According to the Department of Sociology of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, it is among the top ten cities with the highest standard of living. Compared to other Russian cities with a population of around or over one million, in 2015, Yekaterinburg held a leading position in terms of average monthly wages and retail turnover, in terms of the total volume of investments in fourth place of fixed assets, and second place in housing placement. [88] [89]

The average monthly wage in Yekaterinburg following the results of 2019 was 54,976 rubles. This is the first place among the millionth municipalities of the Russian Federation. [90] There are on average 440,300 people employed by large and middle-sized organisations and companies. The unemployment rate at the end of 2015 was 0.83% of the total economically active population. Locals labelled the main problems of the city such the current state of the healthcare system, housing system, and transportation system. [89] [91]

The budget of Yekaterinburg in 2015 was executed on income in the amount of 32,063.6   million rubles, for expenses in the amount of 32,745.8   million rubles. Among the budget expenditures: 17 billion rubles were spent on education, over 1 billion rubles on culture, and about 900 million rubles on health. The main part of the revenue of the city treasury was its own tax and non-tax revenues (more than 18 billion rubles). The revenues from the regional and federal budgets were at the lowest level in 10 years. Specialists noted a decrease in tax revenues and an increase in tax debt (exceeded 2 billion rubles). [89] [92]

The main budget expenditures are the development of the economy (which accounts for 19% of expenditures) and the social security of the townspeople (11% of expenditures go). Cities such as Perm, Kazan and Ufa, spend for these purposes in a smaller percentage of costs (from 2 to 6%). Also, a fairly strict budgetary discipline is noted—the budget deficit is kept at the level of 2% of its volume. [93]

Yekaterinburg is one of the largest financial and business centres in Russia, with offices of multinational corporations, representative offices of foreign companies, and a large number of federal and regional financial and credit organisations. The financial market of Yekaterinburg is characterised by stability and independence, based both on the broad presence of large foreign and Moscow credit organisations and on the availability of large and stable local financial holdings. [94]

The financial sector of Yekaterinburg has more than 100 banks, including 11 foreign banks. The list of the largest Russian banks for assets for 2016 included 10 banks registered in Yekaterinburg, including but not all: Ural Bank for Reconstruction and Development, SKB-Bank, Uraltransbank, and UM Bank. [95] [96]

IT "SKB Kontur" from Yekaterinburg – the largest software manufacturer in Russia – first place according to the RAEX rating [97]

Also in Yekaterinburg is the Ural headquarters of the Central Bank of Russia. Since 7 August 2017, by order of the Bank of Russia, the branches of the Siberian, Far Eastern and part of the Prevolzhsky Federal Districts have been transferred to the control of the Ural Megaregal Directorate. Thus, this is one of the three main departments of the Mega-regulator in the territory of Russia. [98]

A major role in the formation of Yekaterinburg as a business centre has its infrastructural potential, which is growing at a high rate: transport accessibility for Russian and foreign economic entities, the availability of hotels, advanced communication services, business related services (consulting, exhibition activities, etc.). [94] Yekaterinburg has its own central business district, Yekaterinburg City. [99]

Yekaterinburg has been a major industrial centre since its foundation. In the 18th century, the main branches were smelting and processing of metal. Since the beginning of the 19th century, machine building appeared, and in the second half of the 19th century, light and food (especially milling) industry was widely spread. A new stage in the development of production occurred during the period of industrialisation – at this time in the city, factories were built, which determined the industry specialisation of heavy engineering. During World War II, Yekaterinburg (as Sverdlovsk) hosted about sixty enterprises evacuated from Central Russia and Ukraine. As a result, there was a sharp increase in the production capacity of existing plants and the emergence of new branches of the Urals industry.

At present, more than 220 large and medium-sized enterprises are registered in Yekaterinburg, 197 of them in manufacturing industries. [94] In 2015, they shipped 323,288 million rubles worth of own-produced goods. Production by industry was divided accordingly: metallurgical production and metalworking 20.9%, food production 13.3%, production of electrical equipment, electronic and optical equipment 9.2%, production of vehicles 8.4%, production of machinery and equipment 6.4%, chemical production 5.5%, production of other nonmetallic mineral products 3.7%, production of rubber and plastic products 2.8%, pulp and paper production, publishing and printing 0.5%, and other 29.3%. [100]

Several headquarters of large Russian industrial companies are located in the city: IDGC of Urals, Enel Russia, Steel-Industrial Company, Russian Copper Company, Kalina, NLMK-Sort, VIZ-Stal, Sinara Group, Uralelectrotyazhmash, Automation Association named after academician NA Semikhatov, Ural Heavy Machinery Plant (Uralmash), Fat Plant, Fores, confectionery association Sladko, Machine Building Plant named after M.I. Kalinin, Ural Turbine Plant, Uralkhimmash and others. [101]

Yekaterinburg ranks first in retail trade of the Russian Federation per capita, ahead of Moscow. [102] The consumer market contributes significantly to Yekaterinburg's economy. Revenue of retail stores in 2015 amounted to 725.9   billion rubles, and the number of retailers totaled 4,290. [103] As of 1 January 2016, 36 shopping centers operate in the city, taking up a total area of which was 1,502,700   m 2 (16,175,000   sq   ft) . The availability of shopping centres per 1,000 inhabitants increased to 597.2   m 2 (6,428   sq   ft) . [104]

Retail areas amounted to 2,019,000   m 2 (21,730,000   sq   ft) , with the availability of retail space reached 1,366.3   m 2 (14,707   sq   ft) per 1,000 inhabitants. According to these statistics, Yekaterinburg holds leading positions among other major cities of Russia. In the consumer market of Yekaterinburg, 1041 network operators are represented. The number of wholesale enterprises totalled 1,435. Among the Federal construction stores represented in the city, you can select: Leroy Merlin, [105] Castorama, [106] Domostroy, [107] Maxidom, [108] OBI, [109] Sdvor. [110] Yekaterinburg has an agricultural market named Shartashsky. [104] [111]

The revenue of catering in 2015 totalled 38.6   billion rubles. The network of catering enterprises in Yekaterinburg is presented as follows: 153 restaurants, 210 bars, 445 cafes, 100 coffee houses, 582 dining rooms, 189 eateries, 173 fast-food establishments, 10 tea shops, 319 other types of institutions (buffets, cafeterias, catering companies). 82.6% of catering enterprises provide additional services to consumers. [112]

The revenue of the services industry in 2015 totalled 74.9   billion rubles. The fastest pace in the city is developing hairdressing services, sewing and knitting atelier services, pawnshop services, fitness centre services. The network of public service enterprises in Yekaterinburg includes 5,185 facilities. In 2015, the provision of service areas for service enterprises totaled 382.1   m 2 (4,113   sq   ft) per 1,000 citizens. The highest concentration of household services is observed in the Verkh-Isetsky, Oktyabrsky and Leninsky districts. [113]

Greenwich Shopping Center, as of 2021, is the largest shopping center in Europe. [114]

The largest store in the world by area is Sima-Land. [115]

Yekaterinburg is a major centre for the Russian tourist industry. In 2015, the city was one of the top five most visited Russian cities (others being Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk , and Vladivostok ) according to the Global Destinations Cities Index, which represents the payment system Mastercard . [116] In recent years, a lot of work has been done to create a positive image of Yekaterinburg as a centre for international tourism, including holding of summits for the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) in 2008 and 2009 and the international exhibition Innoprom in 2009 and 2010. [117] In 2014, Yekaterinburg ranked third among Russian cities in popularity among foreign tourists after Moscow and St. Petersburg. [118]

In 2015, the total flow of inbound tourism grew by 10% compared to the previous year and amounted to 2.1   million people. [119] In recent years, there has been a tendency to reduce the role of business tourism in the overall flow: if in 2013 about 80% of trips were business, in 2015 their number was already 67%. Most tourists go to "bow to the memory of the last [czar] and his family." In addition, new tourist ideas are developing such as the Bazhov theme, the geological and mineralogical theme, industrial tourism, and the event calendar. [120]

Yekaterinburg is the third largest transport hub of Russia, behind Moscow and St. Petersburg. The city has 6 federal highways, 7 main railway lines, and an international airport. The location of Yekaterinburg in the central part of the region allows for 7 to 10 hours to get from it to any large city of the Urals. [121] The formation of Yekaterinburg as an important transportation hub is largely due to the city's favourable geographical location on a low stretch of the Ural Mountains, through which it was convenient to lay the main roads connecting the European and Eastern parts of Russia. [122]

Yekaterinburg is one of the ten Russian megacities with the largest car fleet (0.437 megacars were registered in the city in 2014), which has been intensively increasing in recent years (by 6–14% annually). [123] [124] The level of car ownership in 2015 has reached 410 cars per 1,000 people. [125] Its pace in the past few years has seriously exceeded the pace of development and the capacity of the road infrastructure. For the first time, transport problems started to appear in Yekaterinburg in the 1980s and though it did not seem threatening at first, the situation gets worse every year. Studies have shown that as early as 2005, the capacity limit for the road network was reached, which has now led to permanent congestion. [126] To increase the capacity of the street-road network, stage-by-stage reconstruction of streets is being carried out, as well as multi-level interchanges being built. In order to reduce the transit traffic, the Sverdlovsk Oblast administration announced two road projects in 2014: the Yekaterinburg Ring Road (EKAD) and an overpass road on Sovetskaya Street. The Yekaterinburg Ring Road would surround the largest municipalities of Yekaterinburg. Its purpose would be to help the city's economy and reduce traffic on the Middle Ring Road of the city, making it easier for civilians to commute around the city than going through the city's traffic congestion. Eventually, the Ring Road would connect to other federal roads in order for easier access between other Russian cities. Construction of the road started in the same year. The projects were assigned to the Ministry of Transport and Communications since the projects were crucial to the city's economy. Officials hope the road projects will build environments more conducive to improving local quality of life and outside investments. Completing these major inter-regional roads will increase productive traffic by 50% to 100%, improving the local economy with its ease of access to industries. [127]

Since 2014, the project for the introduction of paid parking in the central part of Yekaterinburg is being implemented. The project is implemented in parallel with the increase in the number of intercepting parking lots and the construction of parking lots. At the end of 2015, in the central part of the city there were 2,307 paid parking places. [125]

The total length of the road network in Yekaterinburg is 1,311.5   km (814.9   mi) , of which 929.8   km (577.8   mi) is cobbled carriageways, 880   km (550   mi) is with upgraded coverage, 632   km (393   mi) is backbone networks, of which 155   km (96   mi) are on the citywide backbone network movement. 20 interchanges have been constructed at different levels within the city limits, including 11 on the EKAD and 9 on the middle ring. 74 transport facilities (27 bridges across the Iset River, Patrushikha, Mostovka, Istok Rivers, 13 dams on the Iset, Patrushikha, Istok, Olkhovka, Warm, Shilovka Rivers, 23 road overpasses , and 18 out-of-the-way pedestrian crossings) were built as well. [128]

Yekaterinburg is served by the following highways: [129]

Yekaterinburg uses almost all types of public transport. The largest transportation services—the Municipal Association of Bus Enterprises, the Tram-Trolleybus Office, and the Yekaterinburg Metro —transported 207.4   million people in 2015. [130] The total volume of passenger transportation by all land transport modes decreases annually. If the annual passenger traffic of municipal transport was 647.1   million people in 2002, and according to this index the city occupied the third place in the country with a wide margin, then in 2008 this figure would be 412 million people (the fourth place in Russia). [131] [132]

Since 1991, the city operates the sixth metro in Russia and the thirteenth in the CIS . At the moment there is one line with 9 stations. In 2015 49.9   million passengers were transported; according to this metric the Yekaterinburg Metro is the fourth in Russia, behind the Moscow Metro, Saint Petersburg Metro, and Novosibirsk Metro . [133] Although the metro is the second most popular type of public transport, in recent years significant problems have appeared in its work: loss-making, obsolete rolling stock, and a shortage of funds for modernisation. [134] The tram network was established in 1929 and currently [ when? ] plays a leading role in the urban transport system. The volume of passengers carried for 2013 is 127.8   million, [135] but this declines every year (245   million people in 2013 [136] ). In 2016 there were 30 routes operating 459 cars. The total length of the tracks is 185.5   km. As of 2016 [ update ] , the construction of a tram line "Ekaterinburg-Verkhnyaya Pyshma" was planned. [137]

There are 93 bus routes operating in Yekaterinburg, including 30 municipal ones (EMUP "MOAP"). [138] In 2007, 114.5   million passengers were transported by municipal intercity buses (124.6   million in 2006). [139] The decrease in volume is due to the increasing role of the fixed-route taxis in the urban transport system of Yekaterinburg, as well as the high cost of travel. However, the city bus transport network provides significant employment for the people of Ekaterinburg, including the formidable babushkas who collect passenger fares. In the park of EMPU, there are 537 buses. [140] In 2013, there are 19 routes, which employ 250 trolleybuses. The total length of trolleybus lines is 168.4   km. The number of passengers transported by trolleybus in 2007 amounted to 78.4   million (84.3   million in 2006). [139]

In addition, the city operates an electric train route linking the north-western and the southern parts of Yekaterinburg, from Sem' Klyuchey to Elizavet.

Yekaterinburg is a major railway junction. In the Yekaterinburg node, 7 main lines converge (to Perm , Tyumen , Kazan , Nizhny Tagil , Chelyabinsk , Kurgan , and Tavda ). The Sverdlovsk Railway Administration is located in the city, which serves trains on the territory of the Sverdlovsk and Tyumen Regions, the Perm Territory, the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts, as well as parts of the Omsk Region, and there is a single road traffic control centre. The Perm–Yekaterinburg–Tyumen section is now part of the main route of the Trans-Siberian Railway .

Yekaterinburg is served by two primary airports: Koltsovo International Airport (SVX) and the smaller Yekaterinburg Aramil Airport . Koltsovo Airport is one of the largest airports in the country, serving 5.404   million passengers (including 3.485   million serviced by domestic airlines, 1.919   million at international flights) in 2017, making it the sixth busiest airport in Russia . [141]

Yekaterinburg has an extensive network of municipal, regional and federal health facilities. There are 54 hospitals, designed at a capacity of 18,200 beds, [142] 272 ambulatory polyclinics, and 156 dental clinics and offices. [143] Some health facilities are based on medical research institutes such as the Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, [144] the Research Institute of Dermatology and Immunopathology, [145] and the Ural State Medical University, as well as others.

In clean areas of the city, there is the Yekaterinburg Medical Centre, which includes the Sverdlovsk Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 (also includes a polyclinic and a boarding house), Central City Hospital No. 40 (polyclinic, therapeutic building, surgical building, infectious body, neuro-surgical building, maternity hospital), Regional Cardiology Centre, Centre for Prevention and Control of AIDS, and MNTK Eye Microsurgery. [146]

Other large medical centres are the Uralmash Health Centre (Hospital No. 14), the Hospital of veterans of the Great Patriotic War, the district hospital of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the district military hospital, the Oncology Centre, the Sverdlovsk Oblast Psychiatric Hospital, the Disaster Medicine Centre, the Sanguis Blood Transfusion Centre, children's versatile hospital No. 9, and the regional rehabilitation centre on Chusovsky lake. There are about 300 pharmacies in the city. [143] The number of doctors in public medical institutions is 11,339 people (83.9 per 10,000 people) and the number of nurses is 16,795 (124 per 10,000 people).

Private medical institutions also operate in the city. [147]

Yekaterinburg's education system includes institutions of all grades and conditions: preschool, general, special (correctional), and vocational (secondary and higher education), as well as others. Today, the city is one of the largest educational centres of Russia, with Yekaterinburg considered to be the leading educational and scientific centre of the Urals . [148]

There are 164 educational institutions in Yekaterinburg: 160 of them operate in the morning and the other 4 in the evening. In 2015, 133,800 people were enrolled in general education institutions, which holds a capacity of 173,161 people. [149] Yekaterinburg's education system also includes state pre-school educational institutions, non-state pre-school institutions, out-of-town health camps, and municipal city health facilities with a one-day stay. [150] Five educational institutions of the city: SUNC UrFU, Gymnasium No. 2, Gymnasium No. 9, Gymnasium No. 35, and Lyceum No. 135, were included in the rating of the five hundred best schools in the country by the Moscow Center for Continuous Mathematical Education and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation . [151]

On 16 July 1914, the Ural Mining Institute of Emperor Nicholas II (now the Ural State Mining University ) was established as Yekaterinburg's first educational institution. [152] In 1930, the Sverdlovsk Power Engineering College (now the Ural Technical Institute of Communications and Informatics) was opened to train specialists in the field of communications. The Alexei Maximovich Gorky Ural State University (now the Ural Federal University ) became the first university in Yekaterinburg by decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR , signed by Vladimir Lenin on 19 October 1920. The Sverdlovsk Engineering and Pedagogical Institute (today the Russian State Vocational and Pedagogical University) became the first university of the USSR for the training of engineering and pedagogical personnel when it was opened in 1979.

In terms of the level of qualification of the graduates, Yekaterinburg's universities are among the leading in Russia, in particular in terms of the number of graduates representing the current managing elite of the country, Yekaterinburg universities are second only to the educational institutions of Moscow and Saint Petersburg. [153] [154] Currently, there are 20 state universities in the city, which currently holds a total of 140,000 students. [155] In addition, there are 14 non-state institutions of higher education in the city, such as the Yekaterinburg Academy of Contemporary Art and the Yekaterinburg Theological Seminary. The prestigious architecture school, the Ural State Academy of Architecture and Arts , is also located within the city limits. Other institutions of higher education Ural State Pedagogical University, Ural State University of Forestry, Ural State University of Railway Transport, Ural State University of Economics, Military Institute of Artillery, Ural State Conservatory , Ural State Agricultural Academy, Ural State Law Academy , Ural State Medical University, Ural State Academy of Performing Arts, Ural Academy of Public Service, and Institute of International Relations .

In May 2011, the Ural State University and Ural State Technical University merged to form the Boris N. Yeltsin Ural Federal University , making it the largest university in the Urals and the largest university in Russia. As of 1 January 2016, the university had 35,300 students and 2,950 teachers. The university's budget in 2015 totalled 9,1   billion rubles and the volume of research and development work totalled 1,6   billion rubles. [156] As of 2021, UrFU is the largest university in Russia in terms of the number of students, being on the 351st place in the QS World University Rankings. [157] [158] The number of publications of the university in the Web of Science database is about a thousand per year. [159]

There are many branches of non-resident universities in the city, including the Ural branch of the Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Informatics, the Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Private Law, the Yekaterinburg branch of the Plekhanov Russian Economic Academy, the Yekaterinburg branch of the University of the Russian Academy of Education, the Yekaterinburg branch of the Moscow State University, and Sholokhov Humanitarian University, as well as others.

In Yekaterinburg, a large number of print publications are published: about 200 newspapers, the most read being the Ural Worker , Vecherny Yekaterinburg , Oblastnaya Gazeta , and For Change! , and 70 magazines, with most read being Red Burda and I'm Buying . [160] [161]

A television studio was built in Yekaterinburg (as Sverdlovsk) in 1955 and on 6 November of the same year, the first telecast appeared. Coloured television later appeared in 1976. [162] Now the television is broadcast by 19 companies, including but not all: STRC Ural, Channel Four, 41 Home, Channel 10, OTV, Union (Orthodox), and UFO 24. Broadcasting is carried out from the TV tower on Lunacharsky street (television studio GTRK Ural), the TV tower on the Moskovskiy Hill, and from the TV tower (radio relay tower) on Blyukher Street. In 1981, construction of a new television tower was started, which was to become the second tallest in Russia after the Ostankino Tower and cover the territory of most of the Sverdlovsk region, but economic difficulties postponed construction. As a result, the television tower was the tallest uncompleted structure in the world. On 24 March 2018, the television tower was demolished by detonation for the city's beautification in preparation of the 2018 FIFA World Cup . [163] The Shartash radio mast, which broadcasts, is the tallest structure in the city, with a height of 263 meters. [164] In addition, several dozens of national and local news agencies are broadcast in Yekaterinburg, with the most watched being ITAR-TASS Ural, RUIA-Ural, and Interfax-Ural.

At the moment [ when? ] , there are 26 internet providers and 6 cellular operators in the city. [165] According to Yekaterinburg News , the city has signed a cooperative agreement with the Russian mobile operator Vimpelcom , working under the Beeline brand. The partnership will involve cooperation on investment projects and social programmes focused on increasing access to mobile services in the city. Beeline has launched an initiative to provide Wi-Fi services in 500 public trams and trolley buses in Yekaterinburg. [166]

Yekaterinburg is a multipurpose cultural centre of the Urals Federal District. [148] There are about fifty libraries in the city. The largest library organisations are the Sverdlovsk Oblast Universal Scientific Library, the V.G. Belinsky Scientific Library, which is the largest public library in Sverdlovsk Oblast, and the Municipal Library Association, which is composed of 41 libraries throughout the city, including the AI Herzen Central City Library. [167]

There are about 50 different museums in the city. [168] Yekaterinburg has unique museum collections, such as the collections of Russian paintings in the Yekaterinburg Museum of Fine Arts and the Nevyansk icons in the Nevyansk Icon Museum , with more than 300 icons representing the eighteenth through the twentieth centuries on display. There is also a unique exhibit, the Kaslinsky cast iron pavilion, which received main awards at the 1900 World Exhibition in Paris. The Kasli Pavilion was registered by UNESCO as the only cast-iron architectural structure in the world, which is in the museum collection. [169] Museums of the city also have collections of jewellery and stone ornaments. The United Museum of Writers of the Urals presents exhibitions in memory of writers such as Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak and Pavel Bazhov . It also is the home of the Shigirskaya Kladovaya ( Шигирская кладовая ), or Shigir Collection, which includes the oldest known wooden sculpture in the world. The sculpture was found near Nevyansk and originally estimated to have been made approximately 9,500 years ago, but now is estimated to have been made 11,500 years ago. [170] Yekaterinburg museums annually participate in the international event Long Night of Museums .

Yekaterinburg has the third most theatres in Russia. [171] The influence of theatrical life of the city was made by the Moscow Art Academic Theater and the Central Theater of the Soviet Army when they evacuated to Yekaterinburg (as Sverdlovsk) during World War II, and they had their own theater in the city. [172] Notable theatres that operate in the city are Academic Theater of Musical Comedy, Drama Theater, Kolyada-Theater , the youth theatre, and the puppet theatre, as well as others. The Yekaterinburg Opera and Ballet Theater received four awards at the Golden Mask 2020 Festival in Moscow, including the main Golden Mask for the Best Opera Performance [173]

In 2014, the city showcased its education, literary, art, and theatre culture through the Russian Year of Culture Programme. [174]

The city has a well-developed film industry. Opened back in 1909, Laurage was the first cinema in Yekaterinburg. In 1943, the Sverdlovsk Film Studio was opened and produced its first feature film Silva a year later. After the Second World War, the studio produced up to ten feature films a year. There are more than 20 cinemas in Yekaterinburg, the oldest of which is the Salyut, while the most capacious is the Cosmos spacecraft. [175] [176] There are also chains of movie theatres such as Premier-Zal, Kinomaks, and Kinoplex, which usually open in shopping and entertainment centres.

A number of popular Russian rock bands, such as Urfin Dzhyus, Chaif , Chicherina , Nautilus Pompilius , Nastya, Trek, Agata Kristi , Slaughter to Prevail and Smyslovye Gallyutsinatsii , were originally formed in Yekaterinburg ( Ural Rock is often considered as a particular variety of rock music. Yekaterinburg and St. Petersburg are actually considered to be the main centres of the genre in Russia). Also, opera singers like Boris Shtokolov , Yuri Gulyayev , Vera Bayeva graduated from the Urals State Conservatory. The Ural Philharmonic Orchestra (currently conducted by Dmitry Liss ), founded by Mark Paverman and located in Yekaterinburg, is also very popular in Russia and in Europe, as well as the Ural Academic Popular Chorus, a folk-singing and dance ensemble. [ citation needed ]

Yekaterinburg V. I. Filatov State Circus is located in the centre of the city, on the western bank of the Iset River. In 2012, the Yekaterinburg Circus was nominated "Best Circus of the Year" for the circus show Sharivari by the Rosgoscirk and the Ministry of Culture . [177]

The Presidential Center named after Boris Yeltsin was built in Yekaterinburg in 2015. It is considered to be a public, cultural and educational center. Center has its art gallery, library, museum equipped with the newest multimedia technologies that help to present the documents, video materials and archive photos. In 2017, the Yeltsin Center was recognized as the best museum in Europe by the Council of Europe, the first of the museums in Russia. [178]

The Urals Society of Natural Science Lovers pushed Yekaterinburg to have a zoo. Currently, the zoo has more than 1,000 animals that belong to more than 350 species. The zoo covers an area of 2.7 hectares.

On 18 June 2011, Yekaterinburg launched Red Line as a pedestrian tourist route for self-guided tours by residents and visitors to go to 34 landmarks in the historical section of the city. [179]

Many buildings of Yekaterinburg are ranged from a different number of architectural styles. The city had a regular layout, based on the fortresses of the Renaissance and by the principles of French town planning during the 17th century. By the 18th century, the Baroque movement was not that influential in Yekaterinburg, with the style being seen in churches which later declined [180]

In the first half of the 19th century, neoclassicism grew influential in the Yekaterinburg's architecture. The estates were built in the neoclassic style, including the main house, wings, services, and often an English-style park. This style's influence in Yekaterinburg is mostly due to the contributions of architect Michael Malakhov, who worked in the city from 1815 to 1842. He designed the assemblies of the Verkhne-Isetsky factory as well as the Novo-Tikhvinsky Monastery. [180]

At the beginning of the 20th century, eclecticism became a dominant influence in Yekaterinburg's architecture. Buildings such as the Opera House and Yekaterinburg railway station were built in this style. During the 1920s and the 1930s, constructivism took effect, influencing residential complexes, industrial buildings, stadiums, etc. Architects Moses Ginzburg, Jacob Kornfeld, the Vesnina brothers, Daniel Friedman, and Sigismund Dombrovsky contributed greatly to the constructivism in the city. More than 140 structures in Yekaterinburg are designed through the constructivist style. [181]

During the 1930s to 1950s, there was a turn back to neoclassicism, with much attention paid to public buildings and monuments. Notable examples include the buildings of the Ural Industrial Institute on Lenin Avenue, the City Party Committee and the City Council Executive Committee building (now the City Administrative building), the District Officers' House, and the House of Defense complex. Cultural buildings are built in the squares in orderly composition. In these years, architects Golubev, K. T. Babykin, Valenkov worked fruitfully in Yekaterinburg with this style. In the 1960s, changes in the approach to construction led to widespread distribution of apartment blocks common in the Khrushchev era . Buildings built by individuals were rare, among them being: KKT "Kosmos", the Palace of Youth, and DK UZTM. [182]

From the 1960s to the 1980s, as industrial development grew in Yekaterinburg, so did rationalism . The situation changed in the 1990s when Russia transferred into a market economy. At that time, older buildings were restored, giving the urban area a new environment such as: the Cosmos Concert Hall, the Puppet Theater, the children's ballet theatre The Nutcracker, the Palace of Justice, the Cathedral of the Blood, and the Church of the Transfiguration . At the same time, the construction of new buildings was accompanied by the demolition of historical buildings, leading to the development of the "facade" phenomenon, where the facades of historic buildings are preserved while adjacent modern buildings are built. [183]

The centre of Yekaterinburg became the centre of new construction, where banks, business centres, hotels, luxury residential complexes, and sports and shopping centres were built. High-tech architecture grew influential, with buildings such as the Center for Railway Transportation Management, the Summit business centre, the Aquamarine residential complex, and the retail strip at Vaynera Street being notable examples. Along with this, postmodernism revived interest in the older architectural styles of Yekaterinburg, growing more emphasis on historicalism and contextualism. In the late 1990s, architects grew interested in regionalism . [183]

At the beginning of the 21st century, Yekaterinburg architects turned back to the Soviet-based avant-garde, and influence future city buildings with the neoconstructivist style. The practice of attracting large foreign investors to projects has become popular. In 2007, the construction of the Central business district started, being headed by the French architect Jean Pistre. [183] In 2010, Yekaterinburg became one of the largest centers for the construction of High-rise buildings. In the city, 1,189 high-rise buildings were built, including 20 skyscrapers, the tallest of which is the Iset Tower , with a height of 209 meters. [184]

Yekaterinburg is also a leading sports centre in Russia. A large number of well-known athletes, both world and Olympics champions, are associated with the city. Since 1952, Yekaterinburg athletes have won 137 medals at the Olympic Games (46 gold, 60 silver and 31 bronze). In the 2008 Summer Olympics , 8 residents of Yekaterinburg returned with medals (1 gold, 3 silver and 4 bronze). [185]

In 1965, Yekaterinburg (as Sverdlovsk), along with a number of Russian cities, hosted the Bandy World Championship . In 2018, Yekaterinburg was one of the 11 Russian cities that hosted the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The matches were played on the upgraded Yekaterinburg Arena (called Central Stadium before the World Cup). [186]

Yekaterinburg has a total of 1728 sports facilities, including 16 stadiums with stands, 440 indoor gyms and 45 swimming pools. There are 38 sports children's and youth schools for reserves for the Olympic Games, in which more than 30,000 people are participating. [187]

Sport clubs

Yekaterinburg has many professional sports clubs in sports such as volleyball, basketball, futsal , bandy , and ice hockey for both women and men. Bandy club SKA-Sverdlovsk , women's volleyball club VC Uralochka-NTMK , women's basketball club UMMC Yekaterinburg , and futsal club MFK Sinara Yekaterinburg were among the best teams in Russia and Europe.

2018 FIFA World Cup

Yekaterinburg hosted four matches of the 2018 FIFA World Cup [59] Yekaterinburg is one of the 11 Russian cities that hosted the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The matches were played on the upgraded Yekaterinburg Arena . [186]

For the World Cup 2018, from 7 October 2015 to 29 December 2017, the Central Stadium was upgraded to bring it into compliance with FIFA requirements for the World Cup and was renamed Yekaterinburg Arena. The architectural concept of the new stadium is built on a combination of historical walls and the built-in core of the modern arena. During the reconstruction of the sports facility, which is a monument of history and culture, the facades are carefully preserved, and the arena itself is equipped with the latest technical achievements of the sports industry. Temporary stands extending outside the stadium's original perimeter were erected to comply with the FIFA requirement of seating for 35,000 spectators. They can hold a total of 12,000 spectators, but the seating will be removed after the World Cup, decreasing the seating capacity back to 23,000. [188] [189]

The FIFA Fan Fest in Yekaterinburg is located in the Mayakovsky Central Park of Entertainment and Culture. Located just outside the city centre in a popular and well-known amusement park, it will have a capacity to hold 17,000 people. [190]

Koltsovo Airport was also reconstructed and had a second runway built. In addition, work was done to prepare another passenger terminal, modernize the technical infrastructure, and launch the business aviation hangar. The airport's capacity in preparation for the World Cup has increased to two thousand people per hour. The street and road network was also upgraded. [191]

The United States, [192] United Kingdom, [193] Germany, [194] France, [195] China [196] and several other countries have consulates in Yekaterinburg.

The BRIC countries met for their first official summit on 16 June 2009, in Yekaterinburg, [197] with Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva , Dmitry Medvedev , Manmohan Singh , and Hu Jintao , the respective leaders of Brazil, Russia, India and China, all attending.

The foreign ministers of the BRIC countries had also met in Yekaterinburg previously on 16 May 2008.

In June 2013, at the 153rd General Assembly of the Bureau of International Expositions held in Paris, representatives from Yekaterinburg presented the city's bid to host the 2020 World Expo . Yekaterinburg's concept for the upcoming exhibition relates to the impact of globalisation on the modern world.

Russian President Vladimir Putin confirmed during a televised statement in English to earmark the required funds to build an exhibition complex large enough to receive the estimated 30 million visitors from more than 150 countries. [198]

Yekaterinburg later bid for the Expo 2025 . Yekaterinburg's concept for the bid exhibition relates to the technologies to make people happy by changing the world with innovation and quality of life. The host was announced on 23 November 2018 and Yekaterinburg lost out to Osaka, Japan.

Yekaterinburg hosted the Global Summit on Manufacturing and Industrialization (GMIS — 2019) GMIS under the auspices of the United Nations. [199] The annual INNOPROM exhibition is among the five largest industrial exhibitions in the world. [200]

Yekaterinburg is twinned with: [201]

• Anton Bakov , Leader of the Monarchist Party
• Irina Antonenko , Miss Russia 2010
• Aleksei Balabanov , film director, screenwriter, producer
• Vera Bazarova , pairs figure skater
• Pavel Bazhov , folklorist and children's author
• Old Man Bukashkin , artist and poet
• Pavel Datsyuk , ice hockey player
• Nikolay Durakov , bandy legend
• Chiang Fang-liang , former first lady of Taiwan
• Aleksey Fedorchenko , film director, producer
• Denis Galimzyanov , sprinter cyclist
• Anna Gavrilenko , Group rhythmic gymnast Olympic Gold medalist
• Nikolay Karpol , national women volleyball team coach
• Nikolai Khabibulin , ice hockey player
• Alexei Yashin , ice hockey player
• Alexei Khvostenko , avant-garde poet, singer-songwriter, artist, and sculptor
• Nikolay Kolyada , actor, director, writer, playwright, and playwriting teacher
• Ilya Kormiltsev , poet, translator, publisher
• Olga Kotlyarova , Olympic runner
• Maxim Kovtun , figure skater
• Vladislav Krapivin , children's author
• Valeria Savinykh , WTA Professional player
• Nikolay Krasovsky , mathematician
• Yulia Lipnitskaya , figure skater
• Iskander Makhmudov , businessman
• Vladimir Malakhov , ice hockey player
• Gennady Mesyats , vice-president of the Russian Academy of Sciences
• Maxim Miroshkin , pairs figure skater
• Vladimir Mulyavin (1941 – 2003), Belarusian musician and the founder of the folk-rock band Pesniary [202]
• Alfia Nazmutdinova , rhythmic gymnast
• Ernst Neizvestny , sculptor
• Oleg Platonov , writer, historian, and economist
• Daria Pridannikova , rhythmic gymnast
• Eduard Rossel , ex-governor of Sverdlovsk Oblast
• Boris Ryzhy , poet
• Mikhail Shchennikov , race walker
• Vera Sessina , rhythmic gymnast
• Georgy Shishkin , painter
• Vassily Sigarev , playwright, screenwriter, film director
• Anastasiia Tatareva , Group rhythmic gymnast Olympic Gold medalist
• Sergei Tchepikov , Olympic biathlon competitor
• Vladimir Tretyakov , ex-rector of the Ural State University
• Lev Vainshtein , Olympic shooter
• Sergei Vonsovsky , physicist
• Alexander Dudoladov , writer
• Alexander Malinin , singer
• Petr Yan , Former UFC Bantamweight Champion
• A ballistic missile submarine of the Project 667BDRM Delfin class ( NATO reporting name: Delta IV ) is named Ekaterinburg (K-84/"807") in honour of the city.
• The asteroid 27736 Ekaterinburg was named in the city's honour on 1 June 2007.

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Sverdlovsk Oblast is a federal subject of Russia located in the Ural Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Yekaterinburg, formerly known as Sverdlovsk. Its population is 4,268,998.

Irbit is a town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located 203 kilometers (126 mi) from Yekaterinburg by train or 250 kilometers (160 mi) by car, on the right bank of the Nitsa. Population: 37,009 (2021 Census) ; 38,357 (2010 Census) ; 43,318 (2002 Census) ; 51,708 (1989 Soviet census) .

Koltsovo International Airport is the international airport serving Yekaterinburg, Russia, located 16 km (10 mi) southeast of the city. Being the largest airport in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Koltsovo also serves nearby towns such as Aramil, Sysert, and Polevskoy. In general, the airport is responsible for serving approximately 4,290,000 people yearly. The airport is a hub for Ural Airlines, RusLine and Aviacon Zitotrans. Due to its location in the center of Russia, Yekaterinburg's airport is included in the "Priority Airports" list of Russia's Federal Air Transport Agency (Rosaviatsia).

Serov is a mining and commercial town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the eastern foothills of the Ural Mountains, on the left bank of the Kakva River, about 350 kilometers (220 mi) north of Yekaterinburg. Population: 99,373 (2010 Census) ; 99,804 (2002 Census) ; 104,158 (1989 Soviet census) .

Pervouralsk is a city in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Chusovaya River 39 kilometers (24 mi) west of Yekaterinburg, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 124,528 (2010 Census) ; 132,277 (2002 Census) ; 142,193 (1989 Soviet census) ; 122,000 (1974); 90,000 (1959); 44,000 (1939).

Sredneuralsk is a town under the administrative jurisdiction of the Town of Verkhnyaya Pyshma in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the shore of Iset Lake, at the head of the Iset River, 25 kilometers (16 mi) north of Yekaterinburg. Population: 20,449 (2010 Census) ; 19,555 ; 18,786 (1989 Soviet census) .

Anton Alekseyevich Bakov is a Russian businessman, monarchist politician, traveler, writer and human rights activist. He is the chairman of the Russian Monarchist Party, was a member of the 4th convocation of the State Duma of Russia from 2003 to 2007 and was a candidate at 2018 Russian presidential election. Due to being known for a long series of unusual political projects such as Ural franc, the writer Alexei Ivanov coined him a "political Leonardo".

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The coat of arms of Yekaterinburg is the official municipal coat of arms of Yekaterinburg, Russia. The current symbol was adopted on 23 May 2008 and consists of a French shield divided horizontally into two fields, with a white mine shaft and a white furnace within the top field, which is green, and a blue wavy bend within the bottom field, which is gold. A gold bear and gold sable are located to the left and right of the shield, respectively. A gold crown with a gold laurel wreath is located above the shield and a gold ribbon is located below the shield. A grey druse is located at the bottom center of the shield.

Yevgeny Vladmirovich Kuyvashev is a Russian politician serving as Governor of Sverdlovsk Oblast since 29 May 2012. He served as the acting governor from 14 May 2012 to 29 May 2012, and again from 17 April 2017 to 18 September 2017.

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The 2022 Sverdlovsk Oblast gubernatorial election took place on 11 September 2022, on common election day. Governor Yevgeny Kuyvashev was re-elected for a third term.

• 1 2 3 4 5 6 Law #30-OZ
• 1 2 3 Haywood, A. J. (2010). Siberia: A Cultural History , Oxford University Press, p.   32
• ↑ Charter of Yekaterinburg, Article   24.1
• ↑ Official website of Yekaterinburg. Alexander Edmundovich Yakob, Head of Administration of the City of Yekaterinburg Archived 12 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
• ↑ "Проект о внесении изменений в Генеральный план развития городского округа – муниципального образования «город Екатеринбург» на период до 2025 года" (in Russian). p.   168. [ permanent dead link ]
• 1 2 Federal State Statistics Service (21 May 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов   – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3   тысячи и более человек [ Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000 ] (XLS) . Всероссийская перепись населения 2002   года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
• ↑ "Federal State Statistic Service" . Government of Russia. 1 January 2024 . Retrieved 6 June 2024 .
• 1 2 Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации.   №ОК 019-95   1 января 1997 г. « Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код   65 401 », в ред. изменения №278/2015 от   1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification.   # OK 019-95   January   1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code   65 401 , as amended by the Amendment   # 278/2015 of   January   1, 2016. ).
• 1 2 3 Law #85-OZ
• ↑ "Об исчислении времени" . Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011 . Retrieved 19 January 2019 .
• 1 2 "Срок регистрации домена закончился" . www.ekaterinburg.com . Archived from the original on 21 January 2013 . Retrieved 26 February 2022 .
• ↑ Upton, Clive ; Kretzschmar, William A. Jr. (2017). The Routledge Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English (2nd   ed.). Routledge. p.   1552. ISBN   978-1-138-12566-7 .
• ↑ "RUSSIA: Ural'skij Federal'nyj Okrug: Ural Federal District" . City Population.de . 4 August 2020 . Retrieved 2 October 2020 .
• ↑ "Рейтинг столичных городов России от Фонда "Институт экономики города" " . Urbaneconomics.ru .
• ↑ Kolossov, Vladimir; Eckert, Denis (1 January 2007). "Russian regional capitals as new international actors: the case of Yekaterinburg and Rostov" . Belgeo (1): 115–132. doi : 10.4000/belgeo.11686 .
• ↑ "Central Asian Chapter by Eurasian Respiratory and Allergy Consortium" . Era-cac.org . Archived from the original on 12 June 2018 . Retrieved 1 June 2018 .
• ↑ "Yekaterinburg - Entertainment - Russia.com" . Russia.com .
• ↑ "Конструктивизм. Жемчужина архитектуры Екатеринбурга" . www.e1.ru (in Russian). 16 January 2018 . Retrieved 21 December 2021 .
• ↑ "Как Екатеринбург за 10 лет стал столицей конструктивизма" . Strelka Mag (in Russian). Archived from the original on 5 March 2021 . Retrieved 21 December 2021 .
• ↑ Урал, Наш (19 May 2016). "Советская утопия: эпоха конструктивизма в Екатеринбурге" . Наш Урал (in Russian) . Retrieved 21 December 2021 .
• ↑ "Все кругом храпят, а Екатеринбург — пробужденный Когда уральский город объявил себя российской столицей стрит-арта, многие смеялись. А потом он стал ею" . Meduza (in Russian) . Retrieved 21 December 2021 .
• ↑ "Как Екатеринбург становится столицей стрит-арта" . Российская газета (in Russian). 16 April 2019 . Retrieved 21 December 2021 .
• ↑ "Екатеринбург – столица стрит-арта. Часть первая" . www.uralweb.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 3 March 2021 . Retrieved 21 December 2021 .
• ↑ "Памятникик археологии" . 1723.ru . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• 1 2 "1.2. Палкинские каменные палатки. Проект 1. | "Образование Урала" " . uraledu.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 5 April 2012 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ ГАМАЮНСКАЯ КУЛЬТУРА – Уральская Историческая Энциклопедия . ural.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 22 July 2014 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Екатеринбург" . Геральдика Свердловской области . Официальный сайт областной думы законодательного собрания. Archived from the original on 8 March 2013 . Retrieved 6 December 2009 .
• ↑ Юрий, Коновалов (26 March 2004). "Первые русские поселения на реке Уктус" . www.okorneva.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 7 June 2024 .
• 1 2 Кулешов, Николай (2001). "Горных заводов щит" . Домострой (4).
• ↑ Архипова, Нина (2001). "Тайны "превысочайшего Камня" ". Родина (11).
• ↑ Корепанов Н. С. Уктус — исток Екатеринбурга — Екатеринбург: Грачёв и партнёры, 2012. — 40 экз. — ISBN 978-5-91256-129-0
• 1 2 3 4 5 Юхт, Александр (1985). Государственная деятельность В. Н. Татищева в 20-е — начале 30-х годов XVIII века (in Russian). Moscow: Наука .
• ↑ "Библиотека истории: Ремесло историка в России – Бердинских В.А." history-library.com . Archived from the original on 1 April 2019 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ Завод-крепость – История основания Екатеринбурга – Информационный портал Екатеринбурга . ekburg.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• 1 2 "Основание Екатеринбурга" . Histrf.ru . Retrieved 20 February 2022 .
• ↑ Металлургические заводы Урала XVII—XX вв.: Энциклопедия / глав. ред. В. В. Алексеев. — Екатеринбург   : Издательство «Академкнига», 2001.
• 1 2 ipravo.info. "О ликвидации Баженовского и Сысертского районов Уральской области и о расширении городской черты и пригородной зоны города Свердловска – Российский Правовой Портал" (in Russian). ipravo.info. Archived from the original on 19 June 2018 . Retrieved 19 June 2018 .
• 1 2 "History of the Verkh-Isetsky district" . Administration of Verkh-Isetsky district . Archived from the original on 16 December 2021 . Retrieved 7 June 2024 .
• ↑ "Золотой век Екатеринбурга" . Уралнаш. Интересно о Екатеринбурге . 9 October 2019. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021 . Retrieved 15 August 2021 .
• ↑ "50 интересных фактов об Екатеринбурге — Общенет" . obshe.net . Retrieved 15 August 2021 .
• ↑ Massie, Robert K. (22 February 2012). The Romanovs: The Final Chapter . Random House Publishing Group. ISBN   9780307873866 .
• ↑ "FSU News" . fsu.edu . Retrieved 15 May 2018 .
• 1 2 3 История Екатеринбурга – Информационный портал Екатеринбурга . ekburg.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Временное Областное Правительство Урала – Энциклопедия Екатеринбурга – Энциклопедии & Словари" . enc-dic.com . Archived from the original on 20 May 2018 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ Главная: НОВОСТИ . familii.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Справочник по административно-территориальному делению Свердловской области" (PDF) . ГАСО (State Archive of the Sverdlovsk oblast). p.   37. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2017 . Retrieved 2 February 2013 .
• ↑ Rappaport, Helen (1999). Joseph Stalin: A Biographical Companion . ABC-CLIO. ISBN   978-1-57607-084-0 .
• ↑ Беркович Артём. "Пермь и Екатеринбург: история соперничества" . Муниципальный музей истории Екатеринбурга. Archived from the original on 25 May 2013 . Retrieved 16 December 2009 .
• ↑ In the name of Victory. Sverdlovsk-Yekaterinburg during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 . 2005 – via Ekaterinburg: Institute of History and Archeology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
• ↑ "Свердловск – 1983 год" . 1723.ru . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Интервью – АПИ-Урал" . apiural.ru . Retrieved 15 May 2018 .
• ↑ "President Yeltsin speaks about Tsar Murder" . BBC News . 17 July 1998 . Retrieved 4 April 2012 .
• ↑ Matthew S. Meselson, et al., "The Sverdlovsk Anthrax Outbreak of 1979", Science 266:5188 (18 November 1994): 1202–1208.
• ↑ Martin McCauley, "Who's who in Russia since 1900", Routledge , 1997: p.133.
• ↑ Ровно 18 лет назад Свердловск снова стал Екатеринбургом . Официальный портал Екатеринбурга (in Russian). Archived from the original on 16 April 2013 . Retrieved 15 May 2018 .
• ↑ "О возвращении городу Свердловску его исторического названия Екатеринбург, Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 23 сентября 1991 года №1674-1" . docs.cntd.ru . Retrieved 15 May 2018 .
• ↑ (www.dw.com), Deutsche Welle. "First BRIC summit concludes | DW | 16 June 2009" . DW.COM . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• 1 2 FIFA.com. "2018 FIFA World Cup Russia" . fifa.com . Archived from the original on 12 April 2014 . Retrieved 23 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Russia moves to year-round winter time" . BBC News . 22 July 2014 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• 1 2 3 Грязнов Олег Николаевич; Гуляев Александр Николаевич; Рубан Наталья Валентиновна (2015). "Факторы инженерно-геологических условий города Екатеринбурга" . Izvestiia Uralʹskogo Gorno-Geologicheskoĭ Akademii (журнал) (3) (Известия Уральского государственного горного университета   ed.). Екатеринбург: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Уральский государственный горный университет": 5–21. ISSN   2307-2091 .
• ↑ Погода и Климат – Климат Екатеринбург [ Weather and Climate – The Climate of Yekaterinburg ] (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат) . Retrieved 8 November 2021 .
• ↑ "WMO Climate Normals for Sverdlovsk 1961–1990" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . Retrieved 29 October 2021 .
• ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [ 2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1 ] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service .
• ↑ "Национальный состав населения" (PDF) . Территориальный орган Федеральной службы государственной статистики по Свердловской области и Курганской области . Retrieved 7 June 2023 .
• ↑ "В Екатеринбурге заложили первый камень в основание соборной мечети – Уральская палата недвижимости" . upn.ru . Archived from the original on 10 October 2012 . Retrieved 5 October 2017 .
• ↑ "Четвертый канал" . channel4.ru . Archived from the original on 20 December 2010 . Retrieved 5 October 2017 .
• ↑ "Встреча Святейшего Патриарха Кирилла с общественностью Уральского федерального округа / Видеоматериалы / Патриархия.ru" . Патриархия.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 18 October 2017 .
• ↑ "Устав Свердловской области (с изменениями на 7 декабря 2017 года), Устав Свердловской области от 23 декабря 2010 года №105-ОЗ, Закон Свердловской области от 23 декабря 2010 года №105-ОЗ" . docs.cntd.ru . Retrieved 2 May 2018 .
• 1 2 "Закон Свердловской области Губернатора Свердловской области № 141-ОЗ" . www.pravo.gov66.ru . Retrieved 12 March 2022 .
• 1 2 "Закон Свердловской области от 18.02.2021 № 9-ОЗ ∙ Официальное опубликование правовых актов ∙ Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации" . publication.pravo.gov.ru . Archived from the original on 12 March 2022 . Retrieved 12 March 2022 .
• 1 2 The population of the Russian Federation for municipalities as of 1 January 2019 Archived 16 October 2019 at the Wayback Machine (2 May 2019)
• ↑ "К 2023 году население Академического района вырастет до 120 тысяч человек" . Новый День (in Russian). 27 March 2019 . Retrieved 12 March 2022 .
• 1 2 "Chapter IV. Bodies and officials of local self-government of the municipality "city of Yekaterinburg" " . екатеринбург.рф . 25 July 2017. Archived from the original on 26 June 2016 . Retrieved 19 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации" . publication.pravo.gov.ru .
• 1 2 "Вы точно человек?" . КиберЛенинка . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• 1 2 "О внесении изменений в Устав муниципального образования "город Екатеринбург", Решение Екатеринбургской городской Думы Свердловской области от 12 октября 2010 года №62/29" . docs.cntd.ru .
• ↑ Article 42 of the Charter of Sverdlovsk Oblast
• ↑ "О ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИИ И РЕОРГАНИЗАЦИИ АДМИНИСТРАЦИИ СВЕРДЛОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ (с изменениями на: 06.02.1997), Постановление Правительства Свердловской области от 27 сентября 1995 года №13-П" . docs.cntd.ru .
• ↑ "Сведения о проводящихся выборах и референдумах" . sverdlovsk.vybory.izbirkom.ru . Archived from the original on 22 September 2013 . Retrieved 21 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Voting results for the Federal Electoral District – Election of Deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the Seventh Convocation – September 18, 2016" . CEC. Archived from the original on 28 December 2016 . Retrieved 21 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Российские города отстают в развитии" . НИУ ВШЭ . 28 August 2014. Archived from the original on 5 February 2017 . Retrieved 7 July 2016 .
• ↑ "Urban world: Mapping the economic power of cities" . McKinsey Global Institute . March 2011. Archived from the original on 2 April 2024 . Retrieved 7 July 2016 .
• ↑ "Рейтинг столичных городов России от Фонда "Институт экономики города" | Институт экономики города" . urbaneconomics.ru . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ Economics of Russian cities and urban agglomeration , Institute for Urban Economics
• 1 2 Алексей Белоусов, Орнат Валентина. (13 October 2015). "Екатеринбург – глобальный город" . Мегаполис. Archived from the original on 27 August 2016 . Retrieved 7 July 2016 .
• ↑ Зубаревич Н.В. (2013). "Крупные города России: лидеры и аутсайдеры" (PDF) . Demoskop Weekly (журнал) (551–552) (Демоскоп Weekly   ed.). М.: НИУ ВШЭ: 1–17. ISSN   1726-2887 .
• ↑ "Екатеринбург вошел в топ-10 городов с самым высоким уровнем жизни" . JustMedia . 17 December 2014 . Retrieved 14 May 2018 .
• 1 2 3 "Results of social and economic development of the municipal formation "city of Yekaterinburg" in 2015" . 2016. p.   202 – via Ekaterinburg: Department of Economics of the Administration of the City of Yekaterinburg.
• ↑ "Итоги социально-экономического развития Екатеринбурга" . Archived from the original on 2 December 2020 . Retrieved 19 October 2022 .
• ↑ Дарья Воронина. (19 June 2013). "Главными проблемами Екатеринбурга назвали медицину, ЖКХ и дороги" . Российская газета . Retrieved 7 July 2016 .
• ↑ Юлия Позднякова. (22 April 2016). "Расходы бюджета Екатеринбурга за 2015 год составили почти 33 млрд рублей" . Коммерсантъ . Retrieved 7 July 2016 .
• ↑ Полина Путякова. (30 August 2016). "Меряемся бюджетами: Откуда города берут деньги и на что тратят" . zvzda.ru. Archived from the original on 2 September 2016 . Retrieved 7 July 2016 .
• 1 2 3 Kachanova E.A. Strategic Priorities for the formation of finance for municipalities in the context of reforming the budgetary system Archived 15 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine , – Moscow: Russian Academy of National Economy and State Service under the President of the Russian Federation, 2013. – 354 p.
• ↑ Vyacheslav, Kostyuk (12 December 2014). "His alien" . The Ural Worker . Archived from the original on 10 April 2018 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Крупнейшие банки России по капиталу" . Журнал "Коммерсантъ Деньги" . 25 July 2016. p.   60 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Крупнейшие производители ПО" .
• ↑ "О распределении обязанностей по контролю и надзору за соблюдением законодательства Российской Федерации организациями, осуществляющими профессиональную деятельность на рынке ценных бумаг, деятельность центрального депозитария, деятельность по проведению организованных торгов, клиринговую деятельность и деятельность центрального контрагента, репозитарную деятельность, а также деятельность саморегулируемых организаций в сфере финансового рынка, объединяющих профессиональных участников рынка ценных бумаг, и об отмене отдельных распорядительных актов Банка России, Приказ Банка России от 07 августа 2017 года №ОД-2228" . docs.cntd.ru .
• ↑ "Падающие пиксели и огромный шар: как может выглядеть "Екатеринбург-Сити" " . РБК Недвижимость . 13 September 2016 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ Development results, 2016 , pg 76
• ↑ "ТОП-100 крупнейших предприятий Свердловской области Екатеринбург" . Деловой квартал. 11 October 2011 . Retrieved 14 June 2016 .
• ↑ "ИТОГИ социально-экономического развития муниципального образования «город Екатеринбург» в 2019 году" . Archived from the original on 29 November 2020 . Retrieved 19 October 2022 .
• ↑ Development results, 2016 , p. 127–128
• 1 2 Development results, 2016 , p. 129
• ↑ "Леруа Мерлен" . Archived from the original on 18 October 2021 . Retrieved 27 April 2020 .
• ↑ "Castorama – строительный гипермаркет: купить товары для дома, дачи и ремонта" . Castorama.ru . Retrieved 20 February 2022 .
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• ↑ "Максидом - интернет-магазин товаров для дома" . www.maxidom.ru . Retrieved 20 February 2022 .
• ↑ "ОБИ строительный гипермаркет: товары для дачи, сада, дома и ремонта: каталог ОБИ" . Obi.ru . Retrieved 20 February 2022 .
• ↑ "Строительный Двор – интернет-магазин стройматериалов, купить с доставкой строительные материалы в магазинах сети" . Sdvor.com . Archived from the original on 13 May 2020 . Retrieved 20 February 2022 .
• ↑ Development results, 2016 , pg 130
• ↑ Development results, 2016 , pg 131–132
• ↑ Development results, 2016 , pg 133–135
• ↑ "Топ-20 самых больших торговых центров РФ" . marketmedia.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 11 December 2021 .
• ↑ "Сима-Ленд" . 20 October 2016.
• ↑ Вячеславовна, Логунцова Ирина (2015). "Специфика и перспективы Российской индустрии туризма на современном этапе" . Государственное управление. Электронный вестник (52): 259–278.
• ↑ Геннадьевич, Шеломенцев Андрей; Сергеевна, Головина Анна (2011). "Индустрия туризма региона в контексте принципов саморегулирования региональных социально-экономических систем" . Экономика региона (1): 166–170. ISSN   2072-6414 .
• ↑ Екатеринбург поднялся на третье место в топе российских городов по популярности среди иностранных туристов . URBC.RU – новости экономики (in Russian) . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Число посетивших Екатеринбург туристов выросло в 2015 году на 10%" . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Туристический мастер-класс" . expert.ru . Archived from the original on 13 September 2016 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 .
• ↑ Маренков Г.В. (2012). "Транспортная инфраструктура Свердловской области – связующее звено между Европой и Азией" (PDF) . Инфраструктура России (Том 1   ed.). М.: Центр стратегического партнёрства. pp.   254–260. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2018 . Retrieved 8 October 2017 .
• ↑ Мальцева Ю.; Волкова М.В. (2015). "Изучение возможности постройки современного экологического жилья в Свердловской области" (PDF) (сборник трудов IX заочной международной научно-практической конференции (Екатеринбург, 30–31 мая 2015 г.)) (Система управления экологической безопасностью   ed.). Екатеринбург: УрФУ. pp.   138–141.
• ↑ Ведомости (10 March 2015). "Автопарк России увеличился в 2014 году на 1 млн легковых машин" . Retrieved 8 October 2017 .
• ↑ "Вы точно человек?" . КиберЛенинка . Retrieved 8 October 2017 .
• 1 2 "ИТОГИ социально-экономического развития муниципального образования в 2015 году" . 2016. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021 . Retrieved 7 July 2022 .
• ↑ Цариков А.А.; Обухова Н.А.; Оглы Мирзоев Н.З. (2015). "Эволюция системы заторов на улично-дорожной сети города Екатеринбурга" (PDF) (журнал) (Эксплуатация автомобильного транспорта   ed.). Екатеринбург: Общероссийская общественная организация "Российская академия транспорта". pp.   74–86. ISSN   2311-164X . Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2016 . Retrieved 8 October 2017 .
• ↑ Reports, Yekaterinburg News. "Sverdlovsk focusing on two road projects" . Archived from the original on 6 October 2017 . Retrieved 14 June 2017 .
• ↑ Крицкий В.П. (2009). "Дорожное хозяйство Екатеринбурга" (PDF) . Дороги России-2009. Информационно-аналитический каталог (Издание второе, подготовлено к IХ Международной выставке-форуму "Дороги России XXI века" и Дню работников дорожного хозяйства 3000 экз   ed.). Екатеринбург: Информационно-издательский холдинг "Реал-Медиа". pp.   204–205, 302. ISBN   978-5-98266-061-9 . Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2018 . Retrieved 8 October 2017 .
• ↑ "Google Maps" . Google Maps . Retrieved 1 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Скандальный бывший МУП Мирошника лидер сферы общественного транспорта Екатеринбурга? По данным мэрии, именно трамваи перевезли больше всего горожан за 2015 год" . Ведомости-Урал. 18 March 2016. Archived from the original on 15 September 2016 . Retrieved 14 June 2016 .
• ↑ "БГД" . gks.ru . Archived from the original on 20 May 2016 . Retrieved 17 October 2017 .
• ↑ "Города Свердловской области" . gks.ru . Archived from the original on 10 July 2009 . Retrieved 8 October 2017 .
• ↑ "Основные технико-эксплуатационные характеристики метрополитенов за 2015 год" (PDF) . asmetro.ru. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2016 . Retrieved 14 June 2016 .
• ↑ Дмитрий Ольшванг. (18 March 2016). "Проблемы екатеринбургского метро: убытки, снижение пассажиропотока! Общественник Беззуб: "Если учитывать стоимость строительства станций, то цена билета на метро должна быть 144 рубля"..." Ведомости-Урал. Archived from the original on 15 September 2016 . Retrieved 14 June 2016 .
• ↑ "Шины для трамваев, бензин для поездов. Документы: на что транспортные МУПы Екатеринбурга тратят деньги" . uralpolit.ru . Retrieved 13 March 2014 .
• ↑ "Города Свердловской области" . gks.ru . Archived from the original on 30 June 2013 . Retrieved 18 October 2017 .
• ↑ "Строительство трамвайной линии Екатеринбург – Верхняя Пышма начнут в 2016 году" . Портал 66.ru. 22 July 2015 . Retrieved 22 July 2015 .
• ↑ "Официальный портал Екатеринбурга" . Официальный портал Екатеринбурга . Retrieved 18 October 2017 .
• 1 2 "Города Свердловской области" . gks.ru . Archived from the original on 10 July 2009 . Retrieved 18 October 2017 .
• ↑ Автобусный парк Екатеринбурга утепляют к зиме . УралИнформБюро (in Russian) . Retrieved 18 October 2017 .
• ↑ "Более 5,4 миллионов пассажиров обслужил аэропорт Кольцово в 2017 году   (АвиаПорт)" . АвиаПорт.Ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 1 May 2018 .
• ↑ "БГД" . gks.ru . Archived from the original on 15 June 2009 . Retrieved 25 May 2018 .
• 1 2 According to the city directory Dubl.
• ↑ Уральский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии – филиал ФГБУ "НМИЦ ФПИ" Минздрава России . urniif.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 25 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Официальный сайт ГБУ СО "Уральский научно-исследовательский институт дерматовенерологии и иммунопатологии" " . urniidvi.ru . Retrieved 25 May 2018 .
• ↑ Екатеринбургский центр МНТК "Микрохирургия глаза" . eyeclinic.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 25 May 2018 .
• ↑ Открытие второго центра МРТ-диагностики в городе Екатеринбурге! . ekaterinburg.ldc.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 25 May 2018 .
• 1 2 М.м, Рогалёва (2014). "Екатеринбург как современный мегаполис" . Человек в мире культуры (4): 14–17. ISSN   2227-9857 .
• ↑ Report of the head of the Yekaterinburg administration, 2016 Archived 5 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine , p. 14.
• ↑ Report of the head of the Yekaterinburg administration, 2016 Archived 5 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine , p. 13, 15.
• ↑ Лучшие школы России-2015 . РИА Новости (in Russian). 12 October 2015 . Retrieved 22 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Общие сведения об университете – ФГБОУ ВО "Уральский государственный горный университет" " . about.ursmu.ru . Archived from the original on 7 July 2016 . Retrieved 22 May 2018 .
• ↑ The second business rating of higher education Archived 29 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine – Federal Portal Russian Education, 22 May 2018
• ↑ Formation of the state elite 2008 Archived 5 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine – Federal Portal Russian Education, 22 May 2018
• ↑ "Российская академия наук намерена готовить кадры самостоятельно | Новости образования | Обучение Екатеринбург" . uchim66.ru . Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 . Retrieved 22 May 2018 .
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• ↑ "По количеству бюджетных мест мы уже обошли МГУ" . 7 April 2021.
• ↑ "Ural Federal University – UrFU" .
• ↑ Case study: Ural Federal University as a basic university of industry in the region Archived 1 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine . – Ekaterinburg: Ural Federal University, 2016. – p. 2, 9–10.
• ↑ "Гильдия издателей периодической печати" . 18 September 2011. Archived from the original on 18 September 2011 . Retrieved 26 February 2022 .
• ↑ "Welcome media-atlas.ru - BlueHost.com" . www.media-atlas.ru . Archived from the original on 15 June 2018 . Retrieved 26 February 2022 .
• ↑ Официальный сайт "Вести Урал" – Официальный сайт "Вести Урал" . Официальный сайт "Вести Урал" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 16 July 2012 . Retrieved 22 May 2018 .
• ↑ Вальханская, Наталья (24 March 2018). Взрыв и обрушение: снос телебашни в Екатеринбурге на видео очевидцев . Телеканал "Звезда" (in Russian) . Retrieved 22 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Тёмная башня" . 1723.ru . Retrieved 22 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Uralnets" . uralnets.ru . Retrieved 26 February 2022 .
• ↑ Fletcher, Martin. "Yekaterinburg signs cooperative agreement with Vimpelcom under Beeline brand" Archived 22 July 2013 at archive.today , Yekateringburg News , 19 July 2013. (Retrieved 22 July 2013).
• ↑ "WiseCms – troubles..." culture.ekburg.ru . Archived from the original on 11 July 2012 . Retrieved 24 May 2018 .
• ↑ "WiseCms – troubles..." Culture.ekburg.ru . Archived from the original on 19 January 2011 . Retrieved 24 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Триумф России на Всемирной выставке в Париже 1900 года – Новости РуАН" . новости-россии.ru-an.info . Retrieved 20 February 2022 .
• ↑ Lykova TR   Cultural and historical centres of the Sverdlovsk region Archived 11 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine   // method. instructions for studying the course "Cultural and Historical Centres of the Urals" for full-time or part-time students, direction 100400 – Tourism. – Ekaterinburg: UGLTU, 2014. – P. 15-16 .
• ↑ "Главная страница - АПИ-Урал" . www.apiural.ru . Retrieved 26 February 2022 .
• ↑ "Архитектура и планировка социалистического Свердловска. Часть 2" . 1723.ru . Retrieved 24 May 2018 .
• ↑ Вейн, Инна (10 November 2020). "Уральские актеры и режиссеры привезли домой сразу четыре "Золотые маски" " . Ekb.dk.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 15 August 2021 .
• ↑ Fletcher, Martin. "Yekaterinburg to showcase city’s cultural achievements during Year of Culture" Archived 13 February 2014 at archive.today . Yekaterinburg News . 13 February 2014. (Retrieved 13 Feb 2014).
• ↑ Pozdnyakova, Julia (27 May 2016). "Sverdlovsk Oblast was in the picture" . Kommersant . Retrieved 24 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Интервью - АПИ-Урал" . www.apiural.ru . Retrieved 26 February 2022 .
• ↑ "Премией "Шаривари" отметили лучших деятелей циркового искусства – В МИРЕ ЦИРКА И ЭСТРАДЫ" . ruscircus.ru . Retrieved 25 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Ельцин Центр признали «лучшим европейским музеем 2017 года»" . The Village (in Russian) . Retrieved 15 August 2021 .
• ↑ Самые популярные достопримечательности Екатеринбурга соединит красная линия на тротуаре . Interfax-Russia.ru (in Russian). 17 June 2011 . Retrieved 25 May 2018 .
• 1 2 Yekaterinburg Encyclopedia (PDF) . Yekaterinburg: "Akademkniga". 2002. p.   30. ISBN   5-93472-068-6 – via PDF.
• ↑ Yekaterinburg Encyclopedia (PDF) . Yekaterinburg: "Akademkniga". 2002. pp.   30–31. ISBN   5-93472-068-6 – via PDF.
• ↑ Yekaterinburg Encyclopedia (PDF) . Yekaterinburg: "Akademkniga". 2002. p.   31. ISBN   5-93472-068-6 – via PDF.
• 1 2 3 Shvets, A. V. (2016). "Domestic architecture of the late XX – early XXI century" (PDF) . New Ideas of the New Century: Scientific. Compilation . 2 . Khabarovsk: Pacific State University: 355–362. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2016 . Retrieved 8 June 2018 – via PDF.
• ↑ GmbH, Emporis. "Yekaterinburg | Buildings | EMPORIS" . Emporis . Archived from the original on 8 April 2015 . Retrieved 8 June 2018 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link )
• ↑ "Официальный портал Екатеринбурга" . Официальный портал Екатеринбурга . Archived from the original on 8 August 2010 . Retrieved 22 May 2018 .
• 1 2 "The announcement ceremony of the host cities of the 2018 World Cup united the whole of Russia" . ru.fifa.com . Archived from the original on 3 September 2014 . Retrieved 23 May 2018 .
• ↑ "База данных показателей муниципальных образований" . gks.ru . Archived from the original on 14 August 2009 . Retrieved 23 May 2018 .
• ↑ sport, Guardian (4 October 2017). "Outer space: the Russia World Cup stadium with a novel seating extension" . the Guardian . Retrieved 23 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Construction: Tsentralnyj Stadion Yekaterinburg – StadiumDB.com" . stadiumdb.com . Retrieved 23 May 2018 .
• ↑ FIFA.com. "2018 FIFA World Cup Russia - News - FIFA Fan Fest venues announced for 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia" . fifa.com . Retrieved 23 May 2018 .
• ↑ Azmukhanov, Alexander (3 May 2018). "The three most expensive projects of the region for the World Cup" . Oblastnaya Gazeta . Retrieved 22 May 2018 .
• ↑ "Official website of the U.S. Consulate General in Yekaterinburg" . Archived from the original on 8 April 2012 . Retrieved 19 April 2012 .
• ↑ "Official website of the British Consulate General in Yekaterinburg" . Archived from the original on 3 January 2012 . Retrieved 19 April 2012 .
• ↑ "Official website of the German Consulate General in Yekaterinburg" . Retrieved 19 April 2012 .
• ↑ "Official website of the French Consulate General in Yekaterinburg" . Archived from the original on 29 April 2012 . Retrieved 19 April 2012 .
• ↑ "Chinese Consulate General in Yekaterinburg" . Retrieved 7 September 2013 .
• ↑ "First summit for emerging giants" . BBC News . 16 June 2009 . Retrieved 16 June 2009 .
• ↑ Hamilton, Louis (18 June 2013). "Yekaterinburg presents city's bid for 2020 World Expo" . Yekaterinburg News. Archived from the original on 27 November 2013 . Retrieved 20 June 2013 .
• ↑ "Глобальный саммит по производству и индустриализации (GMIS – 2019)" . Росконгресс . Retrieved 12 December 2021 .
• ↑ КИРЯГИН, Кирилл (22 July 2015). "ИННОПРОМ – в пятёрке крупнейших промышленных выставок мира" . ural.aif.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 12 December 2021 .
• ↑ "Побратимы и тезки Екатеринбурга" . ekb-room.ru (in Russian). The Ekb Room. 20 October 2014. Archived from the original on 18 November 2018 . Retrieved 22 December 2020 .
• ↑ "Museum Vladimir Mulyavin in Belarusian State Philharmonic" . Retrieved 22 April 2022 .
• Екатеринбургская городская Дума.   Решение   №8/1   от   30 июня 2005 г. «О принятии Устава муниципального образования "Город Екатеринбург"», в ред. Решения №1/27 от   27 января 2015 г.   «О внесении изменений в Устав муниципального образования "Город Екатеринбург"». Вступил в силу   со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Вестник Екатеринбургской городской Думы", №95, 15 июля 2005 г. (Yekaterinburg City Duma.   Decision   # 8/1   of   June   30, 2005 On the Adoption of the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the "City of Yekaterinburg" , as amended by the Decision   # 1/27 of   January   27, 2015 On Amending the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the "City of Yekaterinburg" . Effective as of   the day of the official publication.).
• Областная Дума Законодательного Собрания Свердловской области.   Областной закон   №30-ОЗ   от   20 мая 1997 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Свердловской области», в ред. Закона №32-ОЗ от   25 апреля 2012 г.   «О внесении изменений в Областной закон "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Свердловской области"». Вступил в силу   со дня официального опубликования за исключением отдельных положений, вступающих в силу в иные сроки. Опубликован: "Областная газета", №81, 3 июня 1997 г. (Oblast Duma of the Legislative Assembly of Sverdlovsk Oblast.   Oblast Law   # 30-OZ   of   May   20, 1997 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Sverdlovsk Oblast , as amended by the Law   # 32-OZ of   April   25, 2012 On Amending the Oblast Law "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Sverdlovsk Oblast" . Effective as of   the day of the official publication with the exception of several clauses which take effect on a different date.).
• Областная Дума Законодательного Собрания Свердловской области.   Закон   №85-ОЗ   от   12 июля 2007 г. «О границах муниципальных образований, расположенных на территории Свердловской области», в ред. Закона №107-ОЗ от   29 октября 2013 г.   «Об упразднении отдельных населённых пунктов, расположенных на территории города Ивделя, и о внесении изменений в Приложение   39 к Закону Свердловской области "О границах муниципальных образований, расположенных на территории Свердловской области"». Вступил в силу   через 10   дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Областная газета", №232–249, 17 июля 2007 г. (Oblast Duma of the Legislative Assembly of Sverdlovsk Oblast.   Law   # 85-OZ   of   July   12, 2007 On the Borders of the Municipal Formations on the Territory of Sverdlovsk Oblast , as amended by the Law   # 107-OZ of   October   29, 2013 On Abolishing Several Inhabited Localities on the Territory of the Town of Ivdul and on Amending the Law of Sverdlovsk Oblast "On the Borders of the Municipal Formations on the Territory of Sverdlovsk Oblast" . Effective as of   the day which is 10   days after the official publication.).
• Official website of Yekaterinburg (in Russian)