research for urban design

Data-Driven Urban Design: Conceptual and Methodological Constructs for People-Oriented Public Spaces

• First Online: 03 May 2023

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• Jeroen van Ameijde   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-3635-3305 26  

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Adaptive Environments ((SPSADENV))

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The embedding of sensing and actuating technologies in the built environment opens up radical new scenarios for the design and management of cities. It has given rise to a range of new urban research and ‘smart city’ initiatives, emerging as part of new interdisciplinary urban sciences based on data generated by urban residents. The monitoring of people’s location data, movement and activity patterns could inform a more evidence-based planning approach to urban development, but the digital analysis of user behaviours over time also raises ethical questions regarding privacy, participation and the methods of data interpretation. This book chapter presents a series of theoretical and procedural experiments conducted through academic research and teaching, exploring the potential methods and consequences of a data-driven integration of urban analytics and generative design. Firstly, the concept of participatory urban design enabled by cybernetic feedback loops, developed in the 1970s by Negroponte, Friedman and Pask, is connected to the contemporary theoretical framework of placemaking, focusing on processes of environmental and social behaviours, and relationships. Subsequently, a series of on-site experiments are discussed in which the principles of placemaking are quantified and structured into computational generative design processes. Lastly, current research developments are discussed in which the notions of data-driven research into placemaking are interpreted within the context of applied research and urban design implementation scenarios. Through a discussion of the separate processes for gathering, analysing, translating and implementing data, their potential combination into an integrated workflow is demonstrated. As this new approach towards data-driven design can be conceptualised in relation to the politics of urban space, we explore how urban designers, operating at the intersection between social sciences and technology, can engage with new conceptual and practical methodologies to deliver more resilient, liveable and participatory urban spaces.

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Acknowledgements

The ‘Emergent Field’ project was developed by Jeroen van Ameijde in collaboration with Jenny Hill and Dennis Vlieghe. The ‘Public Space Furniture’ project was developed by Christine Cai, Sungbin Ryoo and Ke Wang, taught by Jeroen van Ameijde and Brendon Carlin. ‘Emergent Constructions’ was developed by Jeroen van Ameijde, Sulaiman Alothman, Mohammed Makki, Yutao Song and Manja van de Worp. The ongoing research into UAV-based people location tracking and analysis is being conducted by Jeroen van Ameijde and Carson, Ka Shut Leung. We thank the two anonymous peer reviewers whose generous comments have contributed to the improvement of this work.

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van Ameijde, J. (2023). Data-Driven Urban Design: Conceptual and Methodological Constructs for People-Oriented Public Spaces. In: Morel, P., Bier, H. (eds) Disruptive Technologies: The Convergence of New Paradigms in Architecture. Springer Series in Adaptive Environments. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14160-7_5

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• Cristian Silva Queen’s University Belfast - United Kingdom
• Danielle Sinnett University of the West of England - United Kingdom
• Harry Smith Heriot-Watt University - United Kingdom
• Tarek Teba University of Portsmouth - United Kingdom
• Hendrik Tieben The Chinese University of Hong Kong - Hong Kong, P.R. China
• Enrico Tommarchi University of Dundee - United Kingdom
• Tim Townshend Newcastle University - United Kingdom
• Georgia Butina Watson Oxford Brookes University - United Kingdom
• Silke Weidner Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg (BTU) - Germany
• Dr Florian Wiedmann University of Nottingham - UK
• Jeroen van Ameijde van Ameijde The Chinese University of Hong Kong - Hong Kong, P.R. China
• Alessandra Morelli Emerald Publishing - UK [email protected]

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CiteScore 2023

Further information

CiteScore is a simple way of measuring the citation impact of sources, such as journals.

Calculating the CiteScore is based on the number of citations to documents (articles, reviews, conference papers, book chapters, and data papers) by a journal over four years, divided by the number of the same document types indexed in Scopus and published in those same four years.

For more information and methodology visit the Scopus definition

CiteScore Tracker 2024

(updated monthly)

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The CiteScore Tracker calculation is updated every month, as a current indication of a title's performance.

Time to first decision

Time to first decision , expressed in days, the "first decision" occurs when the journal’s editorial team reviews the peer reviewers’ comments and recommendations. Based on this feedback, they decide whether to accept, reject, or request revisions for the manuscript.

Data is taken from submissions between 1st January 2023 and 31st December 2023

Acceptance rate

The acceptance rate is a measurement of how many manuscripts a journal accepts for publication compared to the total number of manuscripts submitted expressed as a percentage %

Data is taken from submissions between 1st January 2024 and 30th April 2024 .

This journal is indexed in Web of Science and Scopus.

Papers addressing the design and planning of the built environment, emphasizing the interfaces between theory, practice and urban policy.

Aims and scope

Urban Design and Planning publishes international refereed papers addressing the design and planning of the built environment, with emphasis on the interfaces between urban theory, policy and practice.

The journal provides an interdisciplinary platform for critical discussion and debate that aim to address the complex nature of urban design and planning, and explore its multiple socio-cultural, physical, economic and environmental dimensions. It offers a valuable resource for all those concerned with the quality of the built environment such as urban designers, urbanists, architects, planners, landscape architects, and academic scholars involved in architectural and planning research, education and practice.

Topics covered by the journal sit at the intersection of disciplines (sustainability, urbanism, urban design, planning, architecture, and landscape architecture); the intersection of spatial scales including their core and periphery (Cities, Neighbourhoods, Streets, and Buildings); and at the intersection of theoretical and contemporary thoughts, policies, practices and applications in urban design and planning.

We encourage researchers and practitioners to submit original research articles, case studies, and critical articles on topics including, but not limited to the following:

• adaptive and synergistic urban design and planning
• case studies: success stories as well as failures
• environmental planning and eco urban development
• evidence-based decision-making in urban design and planning
• future planning and urban design education
• governance and political in urban design and planning
• health and wellbeing
• local identity, place character and sense of place
• master planning and design code
• participatory placemaking and co-production in urban design
• physical, social, cultural, economic and environmental aspects of topics such as; sustainable settlements and neighbourhoods
• preservation, conservation and cultural heritage
• property development in practice
• streets design and public spaces
• sustainable urban design and planning
• tactical and temporary urbanism
• the integration of concepts such as resilience and climate adaption into urban design and planning
• the role of sustainability assessment in the urban design process
• urban morphology, typology, and forms
• theory and history of urban design and planning
• townscape and aesthetics
• urban design value
• urban infrastructure and transport systems
• urban regeneration, and
• the new types of professionalism required to reconcile the conflicting demands placed upon urban design and planning

Urban Design and Planning journal accepts a variety of articles, from in- depth theoretical and conceptual-based research, to empirical and evidence-based research, practice-based research, contemporary thoughts and viewpoints from urban design and planning professionals, and book reviews.

• Theoretical and conceptual-based research Can be up to 7,000-10,000 words, inclusive of the abstract, tables, diagrams, and list of references.
• Empirical and evidence-based research: Can be up to 7,000-10,000 words, inclusive of the abstract, tables, diagrams, and list of references.
• Practice based research: Can be up to 5000-8000 words, inclusive of the abstract, tables, diagrams and list of references.
• Design Led/Focus Papers: Can be up to 5000 words with a focus on the design/image element of the project. High quality figures are essential. Please visit our Figure Guidance page for more help.
• Contemporary thoughts and Viewpoints: Can be up to 1,500-3,000 words, inclusive of the abstract, tables, diagrams and list of references.
• Book Reviews: Should be submitted by invitation from the Editor and do not exceed 2000 words, inclusive of the abstract, tables, diagrams and list of references.

We encourage researchers and practitioners to submit research articles if the following conditions apply:

• The article being submitted is the authors’ original work
• The article is not currently under review or submitted elsewhere
• The article has not been previously published
• All authors (and if necessary the client) have seen and approved the manuscript and have agreed to its submission to ICE Publishing. To determine whether your colleague should be listed as a co-author or in the Acknowledgement section click here
• Any conflicts of interest should be declared on submission
• All relevant publications that have been used in or have helped in the production of the submitted work have been cited
• Permission has been sought and granted to use any figures included whose copyright belongs to someone else
• Any suggested reviewers do not have a conflict of interest
• Work funded by the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) is declared.

Urban Design and Planning operates a double-blind review process .

Awards: Each year, the paper rated best by the editorial Panel is given the ICE's Reed Mallik prize .

This journal is aligned with our sustainable structures and infrastructures goal

We recognise the transformative power of sustainable engineering, design and building practices in creating a world where our planet and its inhabitants can thrive.

The Department of Urban Planning and Design

"Terra Fluxus" by Shizheng Geng (MAUD '21) and Youngju Kim (MAUD '21)

It was at Harvard University that the first formal North American programs in city and regional planning (1923) and urban design (1960) were established. Since then, Harvard has played a leading role in the education of urban planners and urban designers. The Department of Urban Planning and Design is home to both professions, offering a professional degree in urban planning and a post-professional degree in urban design. It is also home to the new Master in Real Estate degree.

Degree Programs

Maud / mlaud master of architecture in urban design / master of landscape architecture in urban design.

The program leading to the Master of Architecture in Urban Design and the Master of Landscape in Urban Design is intended for individuals who have completed a professional program in Architecture or Landscape Architecture and who have a strong interest in engaging the practice and theory of contemporary urbanism.

MUP Master in Urban Planning

Accredited by the Planning Accreditation Board and open to students with an undergraduate degree, the two-year professional Master in Urban Planning degree program emphasizes planning to develop, preserve, and enhance the built environment. Students learn how to understand, analyze, and influence the variety of forces-social, economic, cultural, legal, political, ecological, and aesthetic, among others-shaping the built environment.

MRE Master in Real Estate

The Master in Real Estate (MRE) is a 12-month degree program for individuals seeking to acquire or sharpen traditional real estate skills while learning how real estate can advance beneficial spatial, social, and environmental outcomes in cities and metropolitan areas worldwide.

MUP and MLA/MArch/MDES/MPA/MPP/JD/MPH Concurrent and Joint Degrees

Students in the Master in Urban Planning (MUP) program can undertake concurrent degrees with other departments at the GSD and joint degrees with certain schools outside the GSD. Concurrent and joint degree students must be in full-time residence for at least one additional year beyond the longer of the two degree programs.

Inside Urban Planning and Design

Composed of internationally experienced scholars and practitioners, the Department’s faculty explores the built environment from diverse disciplinary backgrounds and points of view. The Department’s pedagogically innovative combination of interdisciplinary studios, lecture courses, seminars, and independent study, coupled with a relatively small student size of roughly 180 individuals drawn from around the world, creates an intimate, engaged educational atmosphere in which students thrive and learn.

Students take full advantage of the curricular and extracurricular offerings of the GSD’s Department of Architecture and Department of Landscape Architecture. The Department of Urban Planning and Design also draws upon the significant resources of Harvard University as a whole. The Urban Planning program administers joint degree programs with the Kennedy School, the Law School, and the School of Public Health. Students often cross-register in courses offered by the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, the Business School, the Kennedy School, the Law School, and the School of Public Health. Students also cross-register in courses offered by the neighboring Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Ann Forsyth , Chair of the Department of Urban Planning and Design

Please visit the official Department of Urban Planning and Design Facebook page.

“H.U.D., Sweat, and Tears” team is runner-up in affordable housing competition

Harvard Graduate School of Design student Avanti Krovi (MUP ’21) and teammates from the University…

May 3, 2021

Announcements

I decided that I needed to serve my neighbors and harness the skills I had learned in my first year as a transportation and public realm–focused master in urban planning student for a truly just cause.

David Bemporad

Apr 21, 2021

Stephen Gray talks “Shaping Equitable Cities” in Harvard magazine cover story

Back in his hometown: Stephen Gray in downtown Cincinnati. Photo: Aaron Conway/aaconn studio. Courtesy of…

Mar 11, 2021

Students, Faculty Receive 2021 Harvard Mellon Initiative Awards for Urban-Focused Research

The Harvard Mellon Urban Initiative recently awarded 29 grants for urban-focused…

Mar 29, 2021

Power and Justice in the Lone Grid State: Abby Spinak and Sarah Stanford-McIntyre on the crisis in Texas

Newspapers this week are swamped with headlines like, “What Went Wrong…

Feb 19, 2021

The African American Design Nexus’ Harlem StoryMap traces the neighborhood’s Black-designed places

Black Harlem, storied and resilient, has been chronicled from many perspectives. Missing until now has…

Feb 17, 2021

We can no longer continue to rebuild in the same way we always have. We have to take and learn from the failures of our infrastructures and begin to develop those in new ways now.

Toni Griffin

Dec 2, 2020

GSD students collaborate with Kabul University in Afghanistan to confront the most extreme conditions of urbanization

Design paradigms are best tested in extreme conditions, as Rahul Mehrotra…

Jan 29, 2021

Land for a City on a Hill: Alex Krieger’s iconic tour of Boston

  Watch as Alex Krieger, professor and former chair of the Department of Urban…

Dec 4, 2020

Urban Planning students win grand prize in affordable housing hackathon

A team of Master in Urban Planning students consisting of Zoe Iacovino (MUP/MPP ’23), Ryan…

This Land Is Your Land : Students interrogate why “urban” and “Indigenous” are cast as opposing identities

Until the last decade, Native American, First Nations, and other Indigenous architecture has been a…

Nov 27, 2020

There is a raison d’etre for cities not so easily dislodged. The human thirst for live engagement with people and place is not easily quenched. In the past, in crisis after crisis, urban resilience has proved the skeptics wrong.

Jerold Kayden

Nov 19, 2020

Hidden Territories: Uncovering the racist legacy of the American landscape

The term “landscape” historically referred to pictures of the world—vistas or views—and so it is…

Nov 20, 2020

Design Research for Urban Landscapes Theories and Methods

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Description

Within the spatial design disciplines, research through design as a tool and practice has often been neglected. This book provides a much-needed companion to the theories, methods and processes involved in using design-based research in landscape, architecture and urban design. Aimed specifically at researchers completing PhD projects, supervisors and designers working in practice, it covers applied approaches to help you to use design research in your work. With fully illustrated examples of original international design research PhDs from a variety of programme types, such as individual, structured and practice-based, Design Research for Urban Landscapes  offers PhD candidates and supervisors a clear foundational pathway.

Table of Contents

Martin Prominski is a full professor and chair of Designing Urban Landscapes at the Leibniz University Hannover, Germany. He has a PhD from TU Berlin (2003) and is a registered landscape architect. His current research focuses on design research strategies, enhancing urban landscapes and integrative concepts for nature and culture. He is a member of the Studio Urbane Landschaften, an interdisciplinary platform for research, practice and teaching on urban landscapes, and the co-founder of the Sino-German Cooperation Group on Urbanization and Locality Research. Hille von Seggern is a landscape designer, artist, registered architect and urban designer. She works and advises on 'crossing-fields-projects' in Hille von Seggern & Timm Ohrt AlltagForschungKunst and Studio Urbane Landschaften cooperation projects. From 1995 to 2008 she held a full professorship at the Leibniz University Hannover, Germany, and in 2005 founded, together with Julia Werner, the Studio Urbane Landschaften as a think tank for research, practice and teaching.

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Research Handbook on Urban Design

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Regional & Urban Design Award 2024

Explore the projects that won a Regional & Urban Design Award 2023—recognized as the best in urban design, regional and city planning, and community development.

The best regional & urban design projects

The 2024 Regional & Urban Design program recognizes the best in urban design, regional and city planning, and community development. The best planning accounts for the entire built environment, local culture, and available resources—modeling architecture’s promise and true value to communities.

The award-winning regional and urban design for 41st and 43rd Street Pedestrian Bridges, Chicago, provides a unique and memorable experience for their users.

The award-winning regional and urban design for Music Lane, in the heart of Austin, focuses on extending the pedestrian experience along South Congress deep into the site, which includes new mixed-use

The award-winning regional and urban design for Rosemary Square, transformed an abandoned community garden into the living room for the neighborhood, finally bringing arts to Boulevard of the Arts.

The award-winning regional and urban design for Snug Harbor Cultural Center & Botanical Gardens CPSD, reimagined Chapel Road to serve as a pedestrian-friendly town center with a centralized visitor

The award-winning regional and urban design for the Wharf, focused on connecting the city to the waterfront.

• Body Temperature Regulation
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Data-Driven Design in the Urban Streetscape: Validation and Application of Ladybug Tools for Designing Lightweight Shading for Outdoor Thermal Comfort

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JSmol Viewer

Exploring the relationships between mini urban green space layout and human activity.

1. Introduction

1.1. definition and significance of mini urban green space, 1.2. influences of green space layout on people’s behavior and health, 1.3. layout and crowd activities in mini urban green spaces, 2. methodology, 2.1. research workflow, 2.2. study area, 2.3. data collection, 2.4. data processing, 2.5. construction of the spatial behavior model, 2.6. a two-step crowd activity simulation and analysis method, 2.7. statistical analysis, 3.1. results of the current pedestrian flow model, 3.2. the relationship between four spatial layout elements and pedestrian distribution, 3.2.1. entrances, 3.2.2. paths, 3.2.3. node area, 3.2.4. facilities, 3.3. results of pathway changes around a single node, 3.3.1. changing path orientation, 3.3.2. changing path quantity, 3.3.3. changing path width, 4. discussion, 4.1. relationship between spatial layout and people’s distribution, 4.2. relationship between path and people’s distribution, 4.3. limitations, 5. conclusions, author contributions, data availability statement, conflicts of interest.

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Cheng, S.; Zhang, D.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, X. Exploring the Relationships between Mini Urban Green Space Layout and Human Activity. Land 2024 , 13 , 871. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13060871

Cheng S, Zhang D, Wang Y, Zhang X. Exploring the Relationships between Mini Urban Green Space Layout and Human Activity. Land . 2024; 13(6):871. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13060871

Cheng, Shi, Dunsong Zhang, Yijing Wang, and Xiaohan Zhang. 2024. "Exploring the Relationships between Mini Urban Green Space Layout and Human Activity" Land 13, no. 6: 871. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13060871

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• Here’s what homeowners can do to prevent one of the leading causes of death for birds

Published on June 17, 2024

Originally reported by for King 5 by Erica Zucco.

SEATTLE — U.S. Fish and Wildlife and other agencies say one of the leading causes of death in birds is colliding with buildings . Birds fly at a high rate of speed and don’t recognize glass as a barrier, often ending in mortality.

University of Washington researcher and doctoral student Judy Bowes and volunteers have been examining the key causes of this issue on campus, and ways it can be mitigated with design.

“Previous research tends to look at the entire building as the problem, but I wanted to look at design features specifically,” Bowes said. “There’s a little bit of research that points out, transparent walkways, skybridges, for example, are hotspots where we find a lot of collisions, but I wanted to narrow in on our top five.”

Bowes said students regularly visited routes around buildings expected to include lots of hotspots, some with a medium number of expected hotspots, and some control buildings. They tracked bird findings using an app and assessed where the bird likely struck. She was surprised and pleased to learn transparent railings were the number one hotspot on campus. It’s an easier problem to treat and a more likely issue for builders to fix.

“[Finding specific areas can allow them to] treat these hotspots, rather than trying to find the money to treat an entire building,” Bowes said.  “If I have that information, it can give building owners more power to treat what they can within budget.”

Volunteers found 20 species of birds and estimated at least 10,000 die on campus each year.

“This happens every day, everywhere, there are glass surfaces,” Bowes said. “Transparent and reflective glass is very dangerous to birds, but we have solutions to prevent collisions.”

Bowes says getting rid of all glass isn’t the solution. It would be costly, and letting in natural light has health benefits. But there are types of bird-friendly glass and patterns that can be added to make birds less likely to collide.

She suggests homeowners consider making their own adjustments. Feather Friendly , for example, offers kits. People are also encouraged to download the Avian Impact App to record their own data about birds near buildings.

Bowes’ main goal is to create a design guide focusing on hotspots, sharing standards architects and designers can follow to design or treat a building so it’s bird-safe.

Continue reading here .

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School of Planning, Design and Construction Urban Collaborators

Morningside Housing Revitalization Strategy

June 12, 2024 - Escarleth Cucurachi Ortega, Monica Guo, Peyton Jackson, Charlotte Peterson, and Paige Smith

Morningside is a neighborhood located on the eastside of Detroit, Michigan. The community is backed by several strong partner organizations, including the United Streets Networking and Planning (U-SNAP-BAC) and the Morningside Community Organization, who work to improve housing conditions and increase homeowner education across the neighborhood. These partners are committed to serving Morningside, and are seeking further research to assess community housing needs. In response, a method for prioritization of repairs, paired with tools to identify target areas for funding has been created to aid in efficient distribution of government funds. With strategic prioritization of both individual homes and target areas throughout the neighborhood, the project aims to support Morningside residents in conducting home repairs. Additional recommendations extend to community vitality initiatives, which work to engage residents and enhance overall community desirability.

Morningside has 4,398 housing units in five census tracts. This report uses tract 5019, with 1,112 housing units, as a representative sample size for the external condition assessment. Tract 5019 is bordered by East Warren Avenue and Mack Avenue, and has lower household incomes than the surrounding tracts. Almost thirty percent of households in the tract live below the poverty line and there is a significant number of vacant parcels. The tract was surveyed using a weighted ranking system which quantified the repair needs of individual homes. These survey questions will be shared with community partners, along with instructions for replication of the process in the several remaining tracts that make up Morningside.

Following a system of housing prioritization that categorizes homes based on their visible external conditions for the 5019 Census Tract, 80% have been classified as properties in “good” condition. Twelve percent of lots were vacant, four percent (4%) earned “fair” rankings, three percent (3%) were not residential lots, and one percent (1%) were “critical” or “poor”.

A second survey was also administered to gauge the demand for internal home repairs at a Morningside community meeting. Roughly half of all respondents reported roof leaks, flooding in their basements, unsecure doors, and at least one broken window in their home. A smaller number of community members also communicated the need for repaired heating systems, assistance in fixing nonfunctional bathrooms, and new water heaters. The potential funding sources provided include funding opportunities that are applicable to external repairs, as well as these delineations of internal renovations. Recommendations also account for current market conditions that have exacerbated affordability challenges ,and are further complicated by the existing aging housing stock in Morningside.

The proposed strategies aim to ensure that community members are able to access funding to occupy safely habitable housing units, while furthering neighborhood vitality efforts. Recommendations have been categorized by timeframe, with strategies that can be completed in under three years classified as short-term, and three or more years as medium-term.

The first set of actionable recommendations focuses on informing and engaging residents. The methodology for surveying external conditions can be practiced by homeowners with their own properties. Conducting a community workshop to familiarize the neighborhood with the process of assessment would efficiently disseminate process tips and strategies. The workshop could be bolstered by the provided “Guide to Assessing your House” instructional material. Neighborhood walks where members of the community can evaluate housing conditions on the ground, guided by U-SNAP-BAC and Morningside Community Organization leaders, are also suggested to efficiently gather data, identify target areas, and record community feedback.

The next set of recommendations involves expanding assessment practices to the remaining tracts throughout Morningside. This step relies on familiarity with the provided Housing Prioritization Evaluation Database. All addresses in Morningside are listed in the database and can be populated with individual condition rankings gathered from previous assessment. The area priority ranking of the respective census tract is automatically factored into the overall housing priority score. This tool allows administrators to extend current priority initiatives past census tract 5019. Additionally, all of the figures in the database can be updated to be representative of new Census data or conducted home repairs. The results can be mapped using a free geographic information system (GIS) software, QGIS. With prioritization areas highlighted, in combination with the previous identification of the types of home repairs necessary, funding eligibility can be determined. 

The Funding Eligibility Evaluation tool is intended to align funding sources with eligibility criteria. The tool accounts for affordability, demographic, and housing stock indicators. The Percentage of families living below poverty level and the percentage of housing units built before 1939, receive double weight because of their relevance to both financial feasibility of repairs, as well as the likelihood of home repairs being necessary. The resulting area funding eligibility priority for each tract can be used to direct funding applications depending on which areas demonstrate the greatest need.

In addition to the housing strategies, recommendations have been outlined to increase community vitality in Morningside. Morningside already has an active community organization that hosts neighborhood events, clean-up days, and maintains a community garden. These efforts can be expanded to help address the 17% of lots throughout the neighborhood that are vacant.

Addressing the gaps currently present in the housing conditions of the neighborhood in the coming years generates community longevity and works to ensure housing attainability for residents.

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