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NEW YORK, Aug. 29 (UPI) -- People with schizophrenia have been challenging the ongoing stigma tied to their mental disorder by posting on social media, trying to dispel the myth that they're prone to injuring themselves or others.
The social networks are a tool to promote mental health care for people with this chronic disorder, while disseminating information that helps reduce negative perceptions. Advertisement
"People will treat me like I am dangerous just because of my illness, even though I have never been violent," said Kody Green, 29, of Onalaska, Wis., who creates content about schizophrenia on Instagram, Tik Tok, YouTube, Threads, LinkedIn and Facebook.
In 2019, he began posting about his diagnosis and experiences, amassing more than 1.5 million followers.
"This has allowed me to become a full-time schizophrenia and mental health advocate and reach millions of people to help them better understand what schizophrenia really looks like, and not how it is portrayed in movies and the media," Green said. Advertisement
He first experienced hallucinations at age 19 and was diagnosed with schizophrenia two years later.
Hallucinations -- a hallmark of schizophrenia -- are his main symptom. They're false perceptions of objects or events that involve a person's sight, sound, smell, touch and taste, according to the Cleveland Clinic . In short, hallucinations appear real, but are figments of the imagination.
While schizophrenia causes severe symptoms, it's not a death sentence. A person can maintain a full life with early intervention and appropriate treatment, Green said.
Michelle Hammer, 36, of Astoria, N.Y., said she finds it therapeutic to post on Instagram, Tik Tok and YouTube when she's experiencing auditory hallucinations due to schizophrenia, diagnosed at age 22. They have plagued her since high school, when an internal voice told her she was dumb.
"It was telling me I was a bad person," said Hammer, who owns a mental health clothing and lifestyle brand called Schizophrenic.NYC and is a member of Fountain House, a New York City-based national mental health nonprofit.
For a few years, the mental health advocate has shared videos, sitting on her living room couch and talking to herself. The posts caused a stir on social media, Hammer said, explaining, "I get all kinds of responses -- everything you could possibly imagine." Advertisement
While some people thanked Hammer for being open about her illness, others suggested that she seek God's help in delivering her from bondage.
"People, for some reason, think schizophrenia is extremely dangerous. What I try to do is change that perception," she said, adding, "I'm not hurting anyone at all. It's not what you think. There's no violence involved."
Clinicians have become more conscientious in recognizing symptoms earlier in the course of schizophrenia, said Dr. Richard Miller , a staff psychiatrist at Elwyn Adult Behavioral Health in Cranston, R.I.
"However, many cases still go undiagnosed, misdiagnosed or untreated for a variety of reasons, including stigma around the disease that can prevent people from asking for help, and psychosocial and economic factors that can prevent access to care," Miller said.
Connecting with others who experience psychosis can help people with schizophrenia feel less lonely by boosting their support system, which enables them to better manage their illness, said Craig Jones, a psychotherapist and program manager of the Odyssey Clinic, which provides outpatient specialty care at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences in Little Rock.
Also, "social media can be a powerful tool for increasing awareness of psychosis as long as the information is accurate," Jones said. Advertisement
"Personal testimonials about living with schizophrenia help others see that people with these experiences want the same things that everyone wants -- to be able to pursue their special relationships and projects as burden-free as possible."
The World Health Organization reports that schizophrenia affects roughly 24 million people globally, or 1 in 300 individuals.
In addition to hallucinations, sufferers can exhibit delusions, disorganized speech, difficulty thinking and lack of motivation, according to the American Psychiatric Association.
The intricate nature of schizophrenia may be at the heart of why people often harbor misconceptions, assuming that it leads to homelessness or living in hospitals, the association notes. In fact, most people with the illness reside with family, in group settings or alone.
Despite the origin of the word "schizophrenia," which means "split mind" in Latin, it doesn't imply split or multiple personality.
Commonly appearing in late adolescence or early adulthood, schizophrenia is slightly more prevalent in males, who tend to display symptoms toward their late teens. Diagnosis in females is likely to peak in the early to mid-20s, said Dr. Katherine Johnson, chair of psychiatry at Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine in Maywood, Ill.
"Schizophrenia is a complex illness that affects the way people perceive reality and can influence how they think, feel and act," Johnson said. Advertisement
She added that the variety of reality disturbances may include auditory or visual hallucinations. Strong internal voices could compel someone to do something, or they may be less obvious, prompting someone to envision shadows that aren't there.
Other misperceptions of reality, such as paranoia, are also common, perhaps persuading someone to feel that another person can read their thoughts, Johnson said.
"Many factors come together to create these symptoms, and it is likely a combination of genetics, biological abnormalities -- specifically around chemical messengers in the brain -- and environmental influences," she said.
However, she noted that hallucinations also can stem from severe depression, bipolar disorder, trauma, substance use, dementia, Parkinson 's disease, brain injury or seizures. They're relatively common in children, particularly after traumatic events, and don't automatically signal schizophrenia or another psychotic illness.
With an early and accurate diagnosis, people with schizophrenia can get well on antipsychotic medications, available as pills or long-acting injectables that work steadily over weeks or months and lessen the likelihood of a missed dose, Miller said.
Jones added that stress management techniques, along with individual and group therapy, are also important in managing schizophrenia.
Jin-he Zhang, Bing-bing Fu, Wei Wang, Cong-cong Sun, Jin-jie Xu, Anti-LGI1 Antibody-Associated Encephalitis Misdiagnosed as Schizophrenia: A Case Report, Schizophrenia Bulletin , 2024;, sbae155, https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbae155
Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) antibody-associated encephalitis is a rare but clinically significant form of autoimmune encephalitis, predominantly affecting middle-aged men. Its heterogeneous clinical presentation often leads to misdiagnosis, commonly as other neurological or psychiatric disorders. This report details the case of a 46-year-old male who initially presented with depressive symptoms, personality changes, and visual hallucinations. Over time, his condition progressed to include memory impairment, disorganized behavior, and seizures. Initially misdiagnosed with schizophrenia, the correct diagnosis of LGI1 antibody-associated encephalitis was eventually established through positive serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests for LGI1 antibodies. Neuroimaging findings revealed characteristic bilateral temporal lobe lesions. The patient demonstrated marked improvement following treatment with methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin, ultimately achieving significant recovery. This case highlights the critical importance of comprehensive antibody testing and neuroimaging in patients presenting with nonspecific psychiatric and neurological symptoms to prevent misdiagnosis and delays in appropriate treatment. The article also reviews the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies for LGI1 antibody-associated encephalitis, aiming to enhance clinical awareness and optimize patient outcomes.
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COMMENTS
In addition to schizophrenia, other mental health conditions that may present with symptoms of disorganized speech include: dementia (neurocognitive disorder) schizoaffective disorder
It's a part of formal thought disorder, which can also manifest as disorganized behaviors. Signs and symptoms may include: atypical communication patterns. responding externally to internal ...
Symptoms of disorganized speech include: Difficulty forming or structuring complete words, sentences, or paragraphs. Responding to questions with unrelated or irrelevant matter. Indirect, rambling speech that appears to have no goal. Difficulty following conversations. Repeating words.
incoherent speech or rambling. severely disorganized behavior in one or more aspects. negative symptoms like avolition, lack of pleasure, blunted affect, or alogia. Clinicians also need to confirm ...
For people with schizophrenia, these things seem real. Hallucinations can occur with any of the senses, but hearing voices is most common. Disorganized speech and thinking. Disorganized speech causes disorganized thinking. It can be hard for people with schizophrenia to talk with other people.
Disorganized or hebephrenic schizophrenia describes a person with schizophrenia who has symptoms including: disorganized thinking. unusual speech patterns. flat affect. emotions that don't fit ...
The symptoms of disorganized thoughts and behavior are known as hebephrenia. Hebephrenia is characterized by disorganized behavior and speech as well as disturbance in emotional expression, known ...
P & T : a peer-reviewed journal for formulary management, 39(9), 638-645. of the primary symptoms of the disorder, such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, catatonia, and negative symptoms, consistently for a month or longer.
Confused thoughts and disorganized speech. ... Being aware of the symptoms of schizophrenia can help you recognize when someone may be dealing with the disorder. If you are concerned someone you ...
Disorganised symptoms. What are disorganised symptoms in people with schizophrenia? Key features of the symptoms of disorganisation include disorganised speech and behaviour, as well as inappropriate affect. Severely disorganised speech is difficult to follow, being incoherent, irrelevant and/or illogical. These symptoms are sometimes referred ...
Disorganized schizophrenia, or hebephrenia, ... expression of the disorganization syndrome that has been hypothesized to be one aspect of a three-factor model of symptoms in schizophrenia, [3] ... The prominent characteristics of this form are disorganized behavior and speech (see formal thought disorder), ...
Common symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, disordered thoughts, and disorganized speech. People with schizophrenia may also experience cognitive problems like low motivation and trouble ...
Disorganized speech. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior. Negative symptoms (e.g., reduced emotional expression). One of the symptoms must be either (1), (2), or (3). Additionally, continuous signs of the disturbance must persist for at least six months. Causes of Schizophrenia. Genetics: A higher risk if there is a family history of ...
Disorganized speech makes effective communication a challenge, while disorganized behavior can lead to difficulties in performing routine tasks and social interactions. Understanding these symptoms is crucial for recognizing the challenges faced by individuals with schizophrenia and providing them with the appropriate support and treatment.
Schizophreniform disorder: Causes the same symptoms of schizophrenia, such as delusions, hallucinations, negative symptoms, and disorganized speech—but these are short-term and only last between ...
Also, at least one symptom must be from among the first three on this list: delusions. hallucinations. disorganized speech, such as frequent derailment or incoherence. grossly disorganized or ...
A. Characteristic symptoms: Two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated): delusions. hallucinations. disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence) grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior.
Disorganized speech or trouble concentrating; A combination of genetic and environmental factors likely influences schizophrenia. While having risk factors may increase a person's susceptibility, it doesn't guarantee that a person will develop the disorder. ... Schizophrenia symptoms can be sensitive to seemingly minor stimuli. Researchers ...
To receive a schizophrenia diagnosis, someone can have any of the symptoms and features, but he must have the following: At least two symptoms from Criteria A. One of those two must be delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech. These must have been present for at least one month. The symptoms must impair one's life and get in the way ...
Schizophrenia: Characterized by two or more symptoms (either hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, or disorganized/catatonic behaviors) for more than a month; Schizophreniform disorder: A condition similar to schizophrenia lasting less than one month; Schizoaffective disorder: Involving schizophrenia and a mood disorder like depression
Schizophrenia is a serious mental health condition affecting an estimated 24 million people worldwide — that is 1 in every 300 people. Although the exact symptoms can vary from person to person, schizophrenia may cause hallucinations, delusions and disorganized behavior, as well as loss of interest in activities and social withdrawal.
Disorganized speech/thinking, also described as "thought disorder" or "loosening of associations," is a key aspect of schizophrenia. Disorganized thinking is usually assessed primarily based on the person's speech.
Anosognosia can make treating schizophrenia more difficult. 4. Concentration and memory problems. Cognitive difficulties are another common sign of schizophrenia, though admittedly, these can ...
The severity of schizophrenia symptoms ranges widely; it is a lifelong condition that requires treatment with a combination of medication and therapy. ... Disorganized thinking and speech, or ...
In addition to hallucinations, sufferers can exhibit delusions, disorganized speech, difficulty thinking and lack of motivation, according to the American Psychiatric Association.
Schizophrenia • Diagnostic Criteria: - Persistent presence of two or more core symptoms: hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior, negative symptoms. - Significant social or occupational dysfunction. ... Symptoms identical to schizophrenia but duration of an episode is at least 1 month but less than 6 ...
Psychosis involves a different perception of reality and includes symptoms like delusions and hallucinations. Clanging is considered disorganized speech, a formal symptom of schizophrenia ...
Over time, his condition progressed to include memory impairment, disorganized behavior, and seizures. Initially misdiagnosed with schizophrenia, the correct diagnosis of LGI1 antibody-associated encephalitis was eventually established through positive serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests for LGI1 antibodies.