Control of myoelectrical responses through reinforcement
Abstract. A classic experiment by Hefferline, Keenan, and Harford (1959) showed that small thumb-twitches, imperceptible to the subject, can be controlled by the consequences of terminating and/or postponing aversive noise. These findings were further investigated in three experiments reported here. Experiment 1 replicated the original study.
Control of myoelectrical responses through reinforcement.
Replicated and extended an experiment by R. F. Hefferline et al (see record 1961-04428-001) that showed that small thumb twitches, imperceptible to the S, can be controlled by terminating and/or postponing aversive noise. 108 undergraduates took part in 3 experiments. Exp I replicated the original study. Exp II was a control study in which stimulus changes were presented independently of the ...
Gestalt therapy
Gestalt therapy is a form of psychotherapy that emphasizes personal responsibility and focuses on the individual's experience in the present moment, the therapist-client relationship, the environmental and social contexts of a person's life, and the self-regulating adjustments people make as a result of their overall situation. It was developed by Fritz Perls, Laura Perls and Paul Goodman in ...
Control of myoelectrical responses through reinforcement
A classic experiment by Hefferline, Keenan, and Harford (1959) showed that small thumb-twitches, imperceptible to the subject, can be controlled by the consequences of terminating and/or ...
PDF Gestalt therapy
new behaviours and notice what happens" (Perls, Hefferline and Goodman, 1954, in Corey, 2005). A focus of developing awareness is that of clients' awareness of their own realities. ... Gestalt therapists use the technique of experiments or learning experiences with their clients. The experiments are designed for the individual and take the ...
PDF THE 1985) 44, (SEPTEMBER) CONTROL OF MYOELECTRICAL ...
A classic experiment by Hefferline, Keenan, and Harford (1959) ... wasacontrol study in whichstimulus changes werepresented as in Experiment 1, but in-dependentlyofthe responses.
Ralph Hefferline
Ralph Franklin Hefferline (15 February 1910 in Muncie, Indiana - 16 March 1974) was a psychology professor at Columbia University. [1]Hefferline became a patient of Fritz Perls around 1946. [2] He joined a small training group led by Perls in 1948 in New York, and went on to contribute a chapter to the book which defined Gestalt Therapy, Gestalt Therapy, Excitement and Growth in the Human ...
The Hefferline Notes: B. F. Skinner's First Public Exposition of His
B. F. Skinner's first public exposition of his analysis of verbal behavior was the Hefferline Notes (1947a), a written summary of a course Skinner taught at Columbia University during the summer of 1947 just prior to his presentation of the William James Lectures at Harvard University in the fall. The Notes are significant because they display Skinner's analysis as it made the transition from ...
[Myoelectrical operant conditioning in man]
In the operant conditioning experiment described by HEFFERLINE et al. (1959) a subject terminates or postpones an aversive noise stimulation by producing a particular myoelectrical activity (operant response : OR). These authors observe an increase of OR occurrence frequency in subjects ignoring the …
An investigation of resurgence of reinforced behavioral variability in
The present study examined resurgence of reinforced variability in college students, who completed a 3-phase computer-based variability task. In the first phase, baseline, points were delivered for drawing rectangles that sufficiently differed from previous rectangles in terms of a target dimension (size or location, counterbalanced) but were sufficiently similar in terms of the alternative ...
Gestalt therapy.
Perls, F., Hefferline, R. F., & Goodman, P. (1965). Gestalt therapy. Dell. ... After the 1st chapter, each chapter of Volume 1 contains an experiment to assist the individual to become aware of how he is functioning as an organism and as a person. The rest of the book (Volume 2) presents the theory. Julian Press published the book in 1951 ...
Control of myoelectrical responses through reinforcement
Muscle Contraction*. Reinforcement Schedule. Thumb. A classic experiment by Hefferline, Keenan, and Harford (1959) showed that small thumb-twitches, imperceptible to the subject, can be controlled by the consequences of terminating and/or postponing aversive noise. These findings were further investigated in three experiments reported here.
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
An invisibly small thumb‐contraction was conditioned under secondary positive reinforcement (money) in four adult human subjects without their observation of the response. Electromyographic detecti...
The humanistic-experiential approach.
Then there is the Gestalt approach, emphasizing the awareness and the I-thou relationship and focusing on the experiment as a major form of intervention (Hycner & Jacobs, 1995; Perls, Hefferline, & Goodman, 1951; Woldt & Toman, 2005; Yontef, 1993). Third is the existential approach (May, Angel, & Ellenburger, 1958; Yalom, 1995), which ...
Dr. Ralph Hefferline, 64, Dies; Taught Psychology at Columbia
Beginning in the nineteenfifties, Dr. Hefferline. performed experiments that achieved conditioned responses in humans without the intrusion of the subjects' intellects. In one set of tests, the ...
IAHIP
An attempt will be made in this paper to explore the relevance of Gestalt therapy and practice today. It has been almost 70 years since the first Gestalt therapy publication entitled Gestalt Therapy: Excitement and Growth in the Human Personality (Perls et al., 1951). Co-authors, Frederick (Fritz) Perls, Ralph Hefferline and Paul Goodman ...
Gestalt Therapy
Gestalt therapy is an experiential form of psychotherapy that emphasizes personal responsibility and focuses intensely on present experiences. Defined by its process-oriented approach, it encourages individuals to engage fully with their immediate thoughts, feelings, and actions, and to understand how these interact with their environment.
Escape and Avoidance Conditioning in Human Subjects without Their
Hefferline, R. F., Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences 2 20: 739 (1958). Google Scholar. SIDMAN, M, AVOIDANCE CONDITIONING WITH BRIEF SHOCK AND NO EXTEROCEPTIVE WARNING SIGNAL, SCIENCE 118: 157 (1953). Crossref. PubMed. Web of Science. Google Scholar. Submit a Response to This Article
(PDF) Ralph Franklin Hefferline: The Gestalt Therapist among the
Ralph Franklin Hefferline: The Gestalt Therapist among the Skinnerians or the Skinnerian among the Gestalt Therapists?
Escape and avoidance conditioning in human subjects without their
R F HEFFERLINE, B KEENAN, R A HARFORD. PMID: 14400548 DOI: 10.1126/science.130.3385.1338 Abstract An invisibly small thumb-twitch increased in rate of occurrence when it served, via electromyographic amplification, to terminate or postpone aversive noise stimulation. Subjects remained ignorant of their behavior and its effect.
An experimental study of avoidance.
Hefferline, R. F. (1950). An experimental study of avoidance. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 42, 231-334. Abstract. ... Two of these experiments were directly related to avoidance stimulation: avoidance of an aversive light stimulus, and avoidance of an auditory stimulus which had previously preceded the aversive light stimulus on several ...
Escape and Avoidance Conditioning in Human Subjects without Their
An invisibly small thumb-twitch increased in rate of occurrence when it served, via electromyographic amplification, to terminate or postpone aversive noise stimulation, while subjects remained ignorant of their behavior and its effect. An invisibly small thumb-twitch increased in rate of occurrence when it served, via electromyographic amplification, to terminate or postpone aversive noise ...
The Hefferline Notes: B. F. Skinner's First Public Exposition of His
B. F. Skinner's first public exposition of his analysis of verbal behavior was the Hefferline Notes (1947a), a written summary of a course Skinner taught at Columbia University during the summer of 1947 just prior to his presentation of the William James Lectures at Harvard University in the fall. The Notes are significant because they display Skinner's analysis as it made the transition from ...
COMMENTS
Abstract. A classic experiment by Hefferline, Keenan, and Harford (1959) showed that small thumb-twitches, imperceptible to the subject, can be controlled by the consequences of terminating and/or postponing aversive noise. These findings were further investigated in three experiments reported here. Experiment 1 replicated the original study.
Replicated and extended an experiment by R. F. Hefferline et al (see record 1961-04428-001) that showed that small thumb twitches, imperceptible to the S, can be controlled by terminating and/or postponing aversive noise. 108 undergraduates took part in 3 experiments. Exp I replicated the original study. Exp II was a control study in which stimulus changes were presented independently of the ...
Gestalt therapy is a form of psychotherapy that emphasizes personal responsibility and focuses on the individual's experience in the present moment, the therapist-client relationship, the environmental and social contexts of a person's life, and the self-regulating adjustments people make as a result of their overall situation. It was developed by Fritz Perls, Laura Perls and Paul Goodman in ...
A classic experiment by Hefferline, Keenan, and Harford (1959) showed that small thumb-twitches, imperceptible to the subject, can be controlled by the consequences of terminating and/or ...
new behaviours and notice what happens" (Perls, Hefferline and Goodman, 1954, in Corey, 2005). A focus of developing awareness is that of clients' awareness of their own realities. ... Gestalt therapists use the technique of experiments or learning experiences with their clients. The experiments are designed for the individual and take the ...
A classic experiment by Hefferline, Keenan, and Harford (1959) ... wasacontrol study in whichstimulus changes werepresented as in Experiment 1, but in-dependentlyofthe responses.
Ralph Franklin Hefferline (15 February 1910 in Muncie, Indiana - 16 March 1974) was a psychology professor at Columbia University. [1]Hefferline became a patient of Fritz Perls around 1946. [2] He joined a small training group led by Perls in 1948 in New York, and went on to contribute a chapter to the book which defined Gestalt Therapy, Gestalt Therapy, Excitement and Growth in the Human ...
B. F. Skinner's first public exposition of his analysis of verbal behavior was the Hefferline Notes (1947a), a written summary of a course Skinner taught at Columbia University during the summer of 1947 just prior to his presentation of the William James Lectures at Harvard University in the fall. The Notes are significant because they display Skinner's analysis as it made the transition from ...
In the operant conditioning experiment described by HEFFERLINE et al. (1959) a subject terminates or postpones an aversive noise stimulation by producing a particular myoelectrical activity (operant response : OR). These authors observe an increase of OR occurrence frequency in subjects ignoring the …
The present study examined resurgence of reinforced variability in college students, who completed a 3-phase computer-based variability task. In the first phase, baseline, points were delivered for drawing rectangles that sufficiently differed from previous rectangles in terms of a target dimension (size or location, counterbalanced) but were sufficiently similar in terms of the alternative ...
Perls, F., Hefferline, R. F., & Goodman, P. (1965). Gestalt therapy. Dell. ... After the 1st chapter, each chapter of Volume 1 contains an experiment to assist the individual to become aware of how he is functioning as an organism and as a person. The rest of the book (Volume 2) presents the theory. Julian Press published the book in 1951 ...
Muscle Contraction*. Reinforcement Schedule. Thumb. A classic experiment by Hefferline, Keenan, and Harford (1959) showed that small thumb-twitches, imperceptible to the subject, can be controlled by the consequences of terminating and/or postponing aversive noise. These findings were further investigated in three experiments reported here.
An invisibly small thumb‐contraction was conditioned under secondary positive reinforcement (money) in four adult human subjects without their observation of the response. Electromyographic detecti...
Then there is the Gestalt approach, emphasizing the awareness and the I-thou relationship and focusing on the experiment as a major form of intervention (Hycner & Jacobs, 1995; Perls, Hefferline, & Goodman, 1951; Woldt & Toman, 2005; Yontef, 1993). Third is the existential approach (May, Angel, & Ellenburger, 1958; Yalom, 1995), which ...
Beginning in the nineteenfifties, Dr. Hefferline. performed experiments that achieved conditioned responses in humans without the intrusion of the subjects' intellects. In one set of tests, the ...
An attempt will be made in this paper to explore the relevance of Gestalt therapy and practice today. It has been almost 70 years since the first Gestalt therapy publication entitled Gestalt Therapy: Excitement and Growth in the Human Personality (Perls et al., 1951). Co-authors, Frederick (Fritz) Perls, Ralph Hefferline and Paul Goodman ...
Gestalt therapy is an experiential form of psychotherapy that emphasizes personal responsibility and focuses intensely on present experiences. Defined by its process-oriented approach, it encourages individuals to engage fully with their immediate thoughts, feelings, and actions, and to understand how these interact with their environment.
Hefferline, R. F., Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences 2 20: 739 (1958). Google Scholar. SIDMAN, M, AVOIDANCE CONDITIONING WITH BRIEF SHOCK AND NO EXTEROCEPTIVE WARNING SIGNAL, SCIENCE 118: 157 (1953). Crossref. PubMed. Web of Science. Google Scholar. Submit a Response to This Article
Ralph Franklin Hefferline: The Gestalt Therapist among the Skinnerians or the Skinnerian among the Gestalt Therapists?
R F HEFFERLINE, B KEENAN, R A HARFORD. PMID: 14400548 DOI: 10.1126/science.130.3385.1338 Abstract An invisibly small thumb-twitch increased in rate of occurrence when it served, via electromyographic amplification, to terminate or postpone aversive noise stimulation. Subjects remained ignorant of their behavior and its effect.
Hefferline, R. F. (1950). An experimental study of avoidance. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 42, 231-334. Abstract. ... Two of these experiments were directly related to avoidance stimulation: avoidance of an aversive light stimulus, and avoidance of an auditory stimulus which had previously preceded the aversive light stimulus on several ...
An invisibly small thumb-twitch increased in rate of occurrence when it served, via electromyographic amplification, to terminate or postpone aversive noise stimulation, while subjects remained ignorant of their behavior and its effect. An invisibly small thumb-twitch increased in rate of occurrence when it served, via electromyographic amplification, to terminate or postpone aversive noise ...
B. F. Skinner's first public exposition of his analysis of verbal behavior was the Hefferline Notes (1947a), a written summary of a course Skinner taught at Columbia University during the summer of 1947 just prior to his presentation of the William James Lectures at Harvard University in the fall. The Notes are significant because they display Skinner's analysis as it made the transition from ...