act essay 2022

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Are you taking the ACT with Writing? No need to stress! The ACT essay follows a predictable format, which means you can practice and prepare beforehand. Take a look at a sample ACT writing prompt and learn five key steps to penning a high-scoring essay.

Keep in mind: The ACT writing essay is optional. Currently, only 27 colleges and universities require the ACT with Writing. You can see the complete list  here . If there is any chance that you might apply to one of those schools, you should register for the ACT with Writing. Not sure where you will apply? You should strongly consider signing up for the essay and keep your options open.

ACT with Writing: Sample Prompt

This example writing prompt comes straight from our book ACT Prep :

Education and the Workplace

Many colleges and universities have cut their humanities departments, and high schools have started to shift their attention much more definitively toward STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) and away from ELA (English, Language Arts). Representatives from both school boards and government organizations suggest that the move toward STEM is necessary in helping students to participate in a meaningful way in the American workplace. Given the urgency of this debate for the future of education and society as a whole, it is worth examining the potential consequences of this shift in how students are educated in the United States.

Read and carefully consider these perspectives. Each suggests a particular way of thinking about the shift in American education.

Write a unified, coherent essay in which you evaluate multiple perspectives on the issue of how schools should balance STEM and ELA subjects. In your essay, be sure to:

• analyze and evaluate the perspectives given
• state and develop your own perspective on the issue
• explain the relationship between your perspective and those given

Your perspective may be in full agreement with any of the others, in partial agreement, or wholly different. Whatever the case, support your ideas with logical reasoning and detailed, persuasive examples.

How to Write the ACT Essay

Your job is to write an essay in which you take some sort of position on the prompt, all while assessing the three perspectives provided in the boxes. Find a way to anchor your essay with a unique perspective of your own that can be defended and debated, and you are already in the upper echelon of scorers.

Step 1: Work the Prompt

What in the prompt requires you to weigh in? Why is this issue still the subject of debate and not a done deal?

Step 2: Work the Perspectives

Typically, the three perspectives will be split: one for , one against , and one in the middle . Your goal in Step 2 is to figure out where each perspective stands and then identify at least one shortcoming of each perspective. For the example above, ask yourself: 

• What does each perspective consider?
• What does each perspective overlook?

Read More: What's a Good ACT Score?

Step 3: Generate Your Own Perspective

Now it's time to come up with your own perspective! If you merely restate one of the three given perspectives, you won’t be able to get into the highest scoring ranges. You’ll draw from each of the perspectives, and you may side with one of them, but your perspective should have something unique about it.

Step 4: Put It All Together

Now that you have your ideas in order, here's a blueprint for how to organize the ACT essay. This blueprint works no matter what your prompt is.

Step 5: (If There's Time): Proofread

Spend one or two minutes on proofreading your essay if you have time. You’re looking for big, glaring errors. If you find one, erase it completely or cross it out neatly. Though neatness doesn’t necessarily affect your grade, it does make for a happy grader.

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How to Write an ACT Exam?

Your high school GPA may play an important role in your college admission, but the ACT exam may have the final say. What is an ACT exam? The ACT is an entrance exam that most colleges utilize to decide on a candidate's admission. The main purpose of the writing test is to disclose and measure the applicants' readiness for college studies. 

The admission officers review the test score along with your high school GPA to make their final decision. Of course, the classes that you took, extracurricular activities, letters of recommendation from your teachers, and your application, where you discuss the high school experience from your own perspective, will be reviewed as well. While the importance of the ACT scores may vary from college to college, the higher the score, the more options for the college enrollment you have. 

The ACT exam consists of four sections that include English, Reading, Math, and Science. Aside from that, the prospective candidates are given forty minutes to do the writing test. Writing an essay can be quite difficult; that's why you need to prepare for it. The good news is that ACT essay examples are available online, and you can view sample in this article as well. So, basically, that's what the ACT exam is about. But let's dive into the details with our dissertation help services team. 

What is the ACT Exam?

The ACT exam 2022 consists of several sections that reveal your knowledge of various school subjects. The ACT exam stands for “American College Test”. It's a multiple-choice test where you have a number of questions and several options of answers. And you need to be ready to give it almost four hours. 

How long is the ACT exam exactly? You have two hours and fifty-five minutes for the multiple-choice test and forty minutes for the writing section. The ACT exam 2022 length gives you enough time to choose the correct answers and dive into your essay, which is quite complex. Basically, in the writing test, you will have to expand on the provided important topic and three different perspectives on it. 

When writing a coherent essay, make sure that you show your abilities in several core aspects. You need to be capable of generating ideas and analyzing them from various perspectives. It's also crucial that you provide pieces of evidence that support your viewpoint. The essay must be organized logically, so the reader can easily slide through the narrative. Finally, proper written language use and conventions are also extremely important. 

The Structure of the ACT Writing Test

If you are planning to pass the ACT exam 2022, you need to know the structure of the exam. First, let's look at the time you're given for completing each section, as well as the number of questions each ACT section has. What is the ACT exam, if not an exercise on time management? You have to plan basically every minute while you're taking it. Let's divide the ACT exam length for every section:

How to Write an Act Exam

All in all, you have 3 hours and 35 minutes for the ACT exam, meaning that you have just enough time to go through the test once and mark all of the right answers. Aside from it, students have a ten-minute break after the Math section and five minutes rest before they start writing the essay. Try doing an ACT practice exam and actually see when you might need breaks. You've already learned the most important aspects of the written ACT exam scoring. Now, let's take a look at each section of the multiple-choice test. 

English Test

The ACT English test consists of 75 questions, and the 45 minutes given for it means that you'll have between 30 and 40 seconds for each writing. This section can be divided into three parts in terms of content:

Conventions of Standard English 

This is by far the largest part of the test, as more than 50% of the test is devoted to the conventions. The questions focus on grammar, syntax, punctuation, and the correct use of words. Here you may be asked to choose the correct verb or tense. This part focuses on the general rules of English, so you don't have to write essays, sharing your own perspective on world problems or books.

Production of Writing

Around 30% of the test is devoted to the production of writing. Here, students are given passages from the various texts to check how good they are at seeing the big picture. You must choose the correct answer based on the tone or purpose of the passage. Questions in this section also concern the literary style and strategies used by the author. 

You may need to also know what is diversity essay while preparing for the exams.

Knowledge of Language

This is the smallest part of the English test, as its share ranges between 10% and 20%. This segment focuses on style, tone, and precision. 

The Math test may seem to be a bit too easy at the beginning. But that's because it's arranged in order of difficulty. Basically, you can say that out of sixty questions; the first twenty are quite easy. The next twenty questions are of medium difficulty, while the last twenty questions are the most difficult ones. Check an ACT practice exam to see at what point you really start to struggle with the questions so that you have an idea of what to review. Now, let's see the percentages that each math topic has in the test:

• Pre-algebra - accounts for 20%-25% of questions;
• Elementary algebra - ranges between 15% to 20% of questions;
• Intermediate algebra - up to 20% of questions;
• Coordinate geometry - takes 15%-20% of questions;
• Plane geometry - around 25% of questions;
• Trigonometry - ranges between 5% to 10% of questions;

The good thing is that the ACT exam allows using a calculator, so you don't have to waste a lot of time if you are not the brightest in terms of calculation. 

Reading Test

The reading test has a lot in common with the production of writing questions in the English test. In this section, students are given passages from texts and questions about the passages. You may be asked to identify the author's attitude toward the main subject of the passage. The meaning of this or that word in the context of the passage. The main idea of the body paragraphs. The meaning of the phrase or the function this or that sentence serves within the text. The important part is that you don't have to develop your unique perspective of the text - this is the part of the test that measures your ability to analyze given information without adding your own perspective on the issue.

Science Test

The Science section includes topics like biology, chemistry, space and earth sciences, and physics. You may be asked to pick the right conclusion from the options you have for graphs and diagrams. The section includes questions on conflicting viewpoints. Here, students are provided with a description of a certain phenomenon with several hypotheses on its explanation. Then you need to choose which assumption reflects the notion provided in the questions. 

How to Improve Your Writing Skills?

Considering the ACT exam dates 2022, you still have time to practice the ability to discuss ideas and convey arguments with clarity - improve your writing skills for the essay. You don't know the topic you’ll get, so deciding to buy an essay paper won't be that helpful. But there are a few things that you can do to improve your writing for the ACT exam. 

• Read and write - if you do it frequently, you won't have problems with the test;
• Get familiar with current social issues and various opinions on them;
• Taking debate classes will prepare you for the essay;
• Try writing extracurricular activities, like creative writing clubs;
• Share your writing with others;

Basically, improving your writing can be shaped into a simple formula: read-write-repeat. Read how other people write and try writing yourself. That will master the style and improve your ACT exam scoring. You can try blogging to master your skills. As for the organization of your writing, you can always seek advice from your English teachers and generate productive ideas. Asking your classmates and friends what they think of your writing can also help greatly. Just remember that no one is born with perfect writing skills. You can achieve it only through practice. 

Use our free Plagiarism Checker!

How to Write an ACT Essay?

After all, despite the complexity of the ACT exam 2022 multiple-choice tests, the essay task remains the most difficult part of it. You might have checked ACT essay examples, but writing one yourself in a short time of 40 minutes can be quite stressful. You need to have a strategy for writing. So, here are the steps that can help you. 

• Devote around ten minutes to planning your essay. 
• Think of the way you're going to organize it. 
• Read the one writing prompt and the multiple perspectives, and choose the one you're going to work on. If you check an example ACT essay, you know what to do. 
• Brainstorm the ideas and analysis, as well as supporting pieces of evidence you can provide. 
• Picture the structure of your essay, and then devote 30 minutes to writing it so that you will have just enough time on the test day. 

You want to know how to write Common App Essay Prompts 2022-2023? We encourage you to check out the fresh topics in our article.

ACT Essay Sample

Finally, we are getting to something you can build your essay on. So, you are to get a prompt with three different perspectives on it, and you need to choose which one of them you're going to write your essay, just like the example ACT essay. Let's imagine that the writing prompt you get will be on cancel culture, as shown in many of last year's ACT essay examples.

"Cancel or callout culture is a tradition of removing the support for certain individuals or their work based on their actions or opinions that can be considered objectionable. Traditionally, individuals are called out on social media, which leads to the general awareness of their perceived offense. In most cases, canceling takes the form of pressuring organizations to prevent the subject of the canceling from public appearances. When it comes to business, it can include boycotting their products" — that's what the writing prompt may look like. 

So Much Homework That You Don't Have Time to Prepare for the ACT?

Delegate the part of your homework to our paper writers for hire , and spend your time preparing for the ACT exam. Let the professionals do the paperwork while focusing on important things!

Now, let's check the three perspectives that you can be provided to defeat the ACT exam scoring system:

Perspective 1:

Cancel culture allows marginalized people to hold their tormentors accountable via public opinion when the justice system fails them. Movements like #metoo allowed numerous women and men to call out their abusers. The cancel culture leads to a safer world, free from abuse of various forms. 

Perspective 2:

While the cancel culture allows people to call out their abusers, we cannot disregard the fact that certain people can use it for their own benefit. The culture leads to people being canceled based on proofless claims, which turns the anti-abuse campaign into witch-hunting. 

Perspective 3:

Cancel culture may lead to a change in power but is ultimately unproductive when it comes to social change. As soon as it became big, it turned into simply casting stones at each other. While we may think that it leads to social justice, it's just engaging in the social media frenzy that doesn't affect real life. 

So, here you have the complex issue and three perspectives on it. First, you need to analyze and organize ideas of everything you know about the cancel culture. Think about the examples that you are acquainted with well. Then, examine each of the perspectives presented to you. Think which one is closest to your own thoughts about the issue. Alternatively, you can choose the perspective that you can support with more pieces of evidence. 

You start your essay with an analysis of the cancel culture as a whole. Then you should move to one of the perspectives given. There, you can expand and convey arguments on the topic by providing your own viewpoint. Your viewpoint must be supported by pieces of evidence. Regardless of the perspective you've chosen, in the case of cancel culture, the Harvey Weinstein and Depp vs. Heard cases will surely have something to do with it. Then you finish your essay with a logical conclusion. 

Don't forget that there must be a logical transition between the passages of your essay. The next passage must expand on the information provided in the preceding one. Your viewpoint must be followed by the supporting evidence. Here’s a sample of an essay that uses perspective two as the foundation: Here you go the ACT exam sample:

Is the ACT Essay Optional?

If you checked the ACT exam dates 2022, you have several months to prepare yourself. The first exam will occur on September 10, 2022, while the last one in the calendar year will be held on December 10, 2022. The biggest question that bugs students is whether the essay is optional. Yes, it is.  Moreover, not every college requires applicants to write an optional ACT essay.

Another important thing is that the total ACT exam scoring is not affected by your essay score. Some colleges think writing the ACT test gives candidates a more rounded score. So, all in all, the essay score matters only together with your multiple-choice results. So, why bother writing the essay at all? 

If you are highly competitive, you should try your hand in the ACT writing section. To prepare for it, you can follow the instructions given in this article and read through the ACT essay examples. If you are a mid-range student, you can opt for the writing test, but you should stress out about it, considering that many colleges do not require completing this section. Less competitive students should avoid the ACT writing test and stick to the multiple-choice test. The only reason they should take it is if the college board requires the essay for admission. 

How to Pass ACT with Flying Colors?

Now that we have discussed the ACT exam meaning, you can realize that it is not an easy task, but it's not that difficult either. Given all the information provided here, you know what to expect from the multiple-choice test and the writing portion, and you already know the ACT exam scoring system. ACT exam dates 2022 are approaching, but there is nothing to be scared of. Check the ACT essay examples , read through test tips once again, solve a few training tests, think about the logical structure of your essay, and keep the scoring rubric in mind- now you are ready to go and take the test without fearing the final score!

Let the experts do the work while preparing for the ACT!

You just can't get it all, so don't compromise and get the best of your last few months of school! Graduate with a great GPA by delegating some of the tasks to our experts while you'll be spending time getting ready for the big test! If you need essay help , just give us your requirements and we'll give you a hand asap.

Perhaps you need some nursing or psychology essay writing service ? Do not hesitate to contact us! Our team is always ready to help.

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Daniel Parker

is a seasoned educational writer focusing on scholarship guidance, research papers, and various forms of academic essays including reflective and narrative essays. His expertise also extends to detailed case studies. A scholar with a background in English Literature and Education, Daniel’s work on EssayPro blog aims to support students in achieving academic excellence and securing scholarships. His hobbies include reading classic literature and participating in academic forums.

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

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The ACT Format: Everything You Need to Know

All four-year U.S. colleges and universities accept either SAT scores or ACT scores from applicants.

Choosing whether to commit to the SAT or the ACT can be a tough decision. We walk you through how to figure out which test is right for you in another post .

If you’ve decided that the ACT is your test of choice, congrats! The next step is to learn more about what’s actually on the ACT.

Contrary to popular belief, the SAT and the ACT are very different exams. They’re both scored differently, for example, and although they test similar content, they do so in fundamentally distinct ways.

Understanding the ACT format is central to developing foundational strategies for your ACT test prep journey. In this post, we’ll walk you through the test’s format, scoring, and more.

Here’s what we cover:

What is the ACT?

The act format, how is the act scored.

• ACT Test Dates 2020

In the world of college entrance exams, the SAT has been around longer than the ACT (by twenty years, actually).

However, as we just mentioned in our introduction to this post, colleges accept either test equally! For this reason, we encourage all of our students to ensure that they are signing themselves up for the  right  test.

What does the “right test” mean?

The “right test” is the one that is  more  likely to cater to your strengths and, ultimately, generate a high score. You can ask yourself these five questions to see whether the ACT or the SAT will do just that.

In the meantime, here’s what you need to know about the ACT in general:

• It is a standardized test, just like the SAT!
• The ACT is a “national college admissions” test produced by ACT, Inc.
• The test consists entirely of multiple-choice questions (excluding the Essay)
• It contains four required sections: English, Math, Reading, and Science
• Every U.S. college accepts ACT scores from applicants

According to ACT, Inc. , the ACT is a “curriculum-based achievement test.” This means that it is designed to test content and skills that students are directly  learning in their high school classrooms.

Two of the ACT’s required sections, Math and English, do indeed focus nearly entirely on content most students will have encountered in high school. These content areas include basic English grammar, Algebra 1 and 2, geometry, trigonometry, and others.

The other two required sections, Reading and Science, are more skills-based, assessing a student’s ability to read texts and data critically.

We’ll take a deeper dive into ACT format, timing, and scores now.

The ACT consists of five timed sections, in this order:

• Essay ( optional )

Here’s a breakdown of the ACT format, including the number of questions and timing per section:  

One of the biggest challenges students face on the ACT is  timing . Completing 75 English questions in 45 minutes, for example, is no easy feat. The same goes for answering 40 questions on ACT Reading on top of  reading passages in just 35 minutes.

Additionally, it’s important to note from a general strategy perspective that the two very content-heavy sections, English and Math, come first, while the two skills-based sections, Reading and Science, are at the end.

The ACT English section contains 5 passages, with 15 questions per passage. Questions do not appear at the end of each passage, as they do on the Reading section, but rather throughout each text.

On ACT English, students will encounter questions about basic English conventions and writing strategy.

Here are the general areas tested:

• Punctuation
• Transition words
• Concise and clear writing
• Conjunctions, prepositions, and modifiers
• Vocabulary in context
• Author’s purpose
• Expression and organization of ideas

The questions on the ACT Math section are arranged in order of increasing difficulty. This means that, in general, the first third of ACT Math questions are low-difficulty, the middle third are medium-difficulty, and the final third are high-difficulty.

Students who have completed Algebra 2 are likely to be familiar with all content on the ACT Math section. Here are the general principles and content areas tested:

However, the ACT may not test this content in a straightforward way!  

The ACT Reading section consists of 4 passages of the following genres:

• Literary narrative
• Social science
• Natural science

One of these passages will be a dual passage, which will require students to compare 2 smaller passages (Passage A and Passage B).

Every ACT Reading passage has 10 questions . 

Guess what? This is the only section of the ACT that  does not require  any outside content knowledge! For this reason, students should anticipate approaching ACT Reading from a purely strategic perspective.

What kinds of questions can you expect to see on this section? Here’s a list:

• Character analysis
• Words in context
• Literary devices

The ACT Science section may sound daunting, but it basically tests the following skills:

• Data analysis
• Figure and graph interpretation
• Analysis of experiments
• Scientific knowledge*

*There are about 2-3 questions per ACT Science section that require outside knowledge. However, this knowledge is  most likely foundational knowledge students will have learned in high school science classes.

This section consists of 6 “passages.” Each “passage” will contain some text and/or graphics in the form of charts, figures, tables, and/or graphs.

There are three passage types:

• Experiments (3)
• Charts and graphs (2)
• Two scientists/theorists (1)

Experiments passages require students to analyze and/or compare scientific experiments or studies, while Charts and Graphs passages typically involve one scientific concept and a few figures. Lastly, students will have to compare and analyze the perspectives or theories of two scientists or theorists.

With ACT Science, it’s very easy to get lost in the technical, scientific jargon of each passage. That’s why it’s so important to zero in on what each question is really  asking and to analyze the figures prior to answering each question.

For the ACT essay task, students must analyze an issue and three different perspectives on this issue. They will then have to craft an essay response that discusses their perspective of the issue, including specific evidence and examples.

The ACT essay is optional. We give our input on whether or not students should sign up for the optional ACT essay in this post here .

ACT scoring is relatively simple. Each individual ACT section (English, Math, Reading, and Science) is scored between 1 and 36. 1 is the lowest score you can achieve on an individual section, while 36 is the highest score you can achieve on each section.

Here’s what that looks like:

Your total ACT score, what’s called your  composite score , is the  average  of your scores on these individual sections. Just like individual section scores, composite scores range from 1 to 36 .

ACT essay responses are scored  separately,  and essay scores do not influence your section or composite scores! You will essentially receive five ACT essay scores: one “composite” essay score on a scale of 2-12, and four “domain” essay scores on a scale of 2-12. These “domain” scores refer to specific categories in the ACT essay scoring rubric.

This score report also includes ELA and STEM scores, U.S. and State Ranks, information on “college readiness benchmarks,” and “Detailed Results.”

You don’t need to worry too much about this added info, but, just in case, we discuss rankings and college readiness benchmarks in our What’s a Good ACT Score? post.

ACT Test Dates 2022

Just like the SAT, the ACT is officially administered seven times each year. Here are the national ACT test dates for 2022-23:

*Please note that the July 2023 testing date is not available at testing centers in New York.

If you receive testing accommodations, you will test anytime within a “Special Testing Window.” We discuss this further in our post on ACT testing accommodations .

Missed a registration deadline? Don’t worry! You can likely still sign up for a test if spots are still available at your testing location; you will have to pay an additional fee, however.

As you can see, the ACT is structured very differently than the SAT!

This curriculum-based college admissions test includes four multiple-choice sections: English, Math, Reading, and Science. The entire test with the optional Essay takes just under four hours.

Timing can be challenging on the ACT, especially for students who feel more comfortable reading difficult texts and analyzing data at a slower pace. However, one of the best ways to address timing issues is to practice, practice, practice.

You can do this on your own or with an expert. Either way, we’re here to help guide your ACT test prep journey in the right direction.

Contact us for a free consultation today!

Kate is a graduate of Princeton University. Over the last decade, Kate has successfully mentored hundreds of students in all aspects of the college admissions process, including the SAT, ACT, and college application essay. 

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2022 ACT Test Dates and Deadlines

What’s covered:, what is the act, when should you take the act, how is covid-19 impacting the act, discover your chances at hundreds of schools.

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ACT Tips and Strategies

Due to the ongoing pandemic, many schools have adopted “test-optional” or “test blind” policies for their Class of 2022 admissions decisions. These mean you are not required to submit a score, but if you do it will be taken into account when determining your admission. 

If you’re planning to take the ACT, here’s a list of upcoming test dates, plus some tips for scheduling your test so you can perform your best.

The ACT is a standardized test that colleges use to assess a student’s preparedness for higher education. The goal of the test is to show what a specific student has learned in high school and to give schools a common data point when comparing applicants. The ACT has four mandatory sections—English, Math, Reading, and Science—along with an optional writing section. Each section is scored between 1-36, and your composite score is the average of those four section scores (for non-integer averages, the composite score is rounded to the nearest integer). There is also an optional essay section. Without the essay, the test is 3.5 hours long, and with the essay, it’s 4 hours.

The ACT is offered seven times a year: February, April, June, July, September, October, and December. Although students are allowed to take the ACT up to 12 times, we recommend that students take it no more than three or four times. 

On the flip side, we do recommend that students take the ACT more than once; studies show that students who take the exam more than once score 2.9 points higher than those who take it only a single time. 

 *No test centers are scheduled in New York for the July test date. 

As many schools have gone test-optional, top-tier schools and liberal arts colleges have seen lower acceptance rates than before the pandemic. This is because more students have applied to more selective schools due to them not requiring test scores. We believe this trend will continue into this acceptance cycle. Additionally, students who applied “test-optional” last year were accepted at lower rates than those who applied with a test. It is important to note that the 2020 admissions cycle was the first year of widespread “test-optional” policies due to the Covid-19 pandemic, therefore, there is still more data needed to support this conclusion.

If you took the ACT but aren’t sure whether or not to submit your score, we recommend submitting if your score is within 3 points of the 25th percentile at the colleges on your list. For example, if your school’s middle 50% ACT range is 29-32, you should submit your score if you have a 26 or above. 

Our free chancing engine takes into account your history, background, test scores, and extracurricular activities to show you your real chances of admission—and how to improve them.

Calculate Your Chances for Free

How to Register for the ACT 

Registration for the ACT typically falls 4-5 weeks prior to the exam date, with a late registration available for an additional cost available 2-3 weeks in advance of the test. You will register for the ACT online , with a payment method, high school course details, and headshot photo. 

It costs $60 to take the standard ACT—the four mandatory sections. For $85, students can take the standard ACT along with the optional writing test. Included in both costs are reports for you, your high school, and up to four colleges. Students registering for the ACT late are hit with an additional $36 fee. 

The ACT also has a fee-waiver program for students with financial difficulties. To qualify for the fee-waiver program, a student is required to be enrolled in the 11th or 12th grade and be testing in the US, a US territory, or Puerto Rico. They must also meet one of these economic indicators:

• Enrolled in the federal free or reduced-price lunch program
• Registered in a program for the economically disadvantaged such as GEAR UP or Upward Bound
• Reside in a foster home, are a ward of the state, or homeless
• The student’s family receives low-income public assistance or lives in federally subsidized public housing
• The student’s family’s total annual income is at or below USDA levels for free or reduced-price lunches 

Tips for Scheduling the ACT  

There are a few main considerations as you schedule your test. You want to:

• Make sure you’ve covered the material in class before testing
• Allow ample time for retakes (finish ideally before senior year)
• Watch college application and scholarship deadlines
• Avoid scheduling a test during other time-consuming commitments

Allow ample time for retakes (finish ideally before senior year).

One strategy is to get a jump on your college testing by taking the ACT in the summer between 10th and 11th grade, in either June or July. The belief behind this is that without school in session, students can better focus on prepping for the exam and aren’t dealing with the stress of regular school work. By taking the test this early in your high school career, you also allow the maximum amount of time for retaking the test. 

At the very least, we recommend taking the ACT for the first time by fall of 11th grade, either in September or October. This allows students ample time to study and retake the ACT in the spring, either February or April, if necessary. 

This schedule gives students at least 3 tries before their senior year, so they can conclude their testing before the stress of fall college admissions tasks.

Watch college application and scholarship deadlines.

An added benefit of this junior year timeline is that students have their scores in advance of early decision and early action deadlines, where you’d need your score by at least October of your senior year. Some colleges also automatically consider students for merit scholarships, if they submit a complete application (including test scores) by an earlier deadline than Regular Decision. Finishing your testing before senior year allows you to take advantage of these opportunities, too.

Avoid scheduling a test during other time-consuming commitments.

Finally, you should of course avoid taking the ACT during a busy season of your life. If you know you’ll have theater rehearsal in October, maybe take the December testing date instead. You want to have ample time to study; scheduling the ACT during a lighter period will help you do that.

What to expect: There are a lot of great resources available to students preparing for the ACT; because of this, you should enter your ACT exam with a clear understanding of how the test is ordered, the directions for each test section, what type of questions to expect, and how to pace yourself. The ACT itself offers a handful of online materials to help students prep for the test—and students who qualify for a fee waiver also gain free access to them. CollegeVine also offers a wealth of valuable info for those taking the ACT, including these section guides: 

• A Guide to the English Section of the ACT
• A Guide to the Math Section of the ACT
• A Guide to the Reading Section of the ACT
• A Guide to the Science Section of the ACT
• A Guide to the Optional ACT Writing Section

No Blanks: The best part about multiple-choice tests such as the ACT is that the right answer is on the page in front of you. The ACT doesn’t penalize for incorrect answers, so try to cross off one or two wrong answers, then, if the answer doesn’t become more obvious, you can at least make an educated guess. Also, because there is no penalty for wrong answers, you should never leave an answer blank. Pick a “lucky” letter and if you have to guess, use it each time. You’re more likely to pick up points if you’re consistent. 

All About the Pace: The ACT is well-known for its fast pace. Test takers can prepare themselves to move swiftly through the sections by taking lots of practice tests and paying close attention to the clock. Another favorite strategy is to divide and conquer by categorizing questions into three categories: those you can answer now, those you can answer later but will require more time, and those that you’ll never get an answer to. Using this strategy, you can move quickly through the questions you know the answers to, not waste any time on the questions you’ll never get, and use the majority of your allotted time where you need.  

Professional Help: Standardized tests require specific skills and knowledge, and even excellent students will sometimes struggle with the formatting, pacing, and test-induced anxiety of an exam such as the ACT. If you feel like you need help, seek out an established professional for guidance. 

If you have questions about your college path, sign up for a free CollegeVine account . Our free college admissions platform is designed to help lead students through the various steps taken from high school to higher ed, including choosing a school, gaining acceptance, estimating the overall expense, and more.

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Free ACT Prep Online (2022 Edition)

Welcome to the one page that can raise your ACT score. This page contains video tutorials, tips and more to raise your score in a meaningful way, making you a more competitive college applicant. We're going to give you free tips, videos and even links to free ACT practice tests and explanations. Dig in!

Table of Contents

1. ACT Prep Introduction

• ACT Overview

• How to Raise Your ACT Score

2. Free ACT Reading Practice

• Video: ACT Reading Introduction

• ACT Reading Strategy #1: Reading Passages Better

• ACT Reading Strategy #2: Analyzing Answer Choices Better

3. Free ACT English Practice

• Video: ACT English Subjects & Verbs

• Video: ACT English Run-ons and Fragments

• Video: ACT English Commas

• ACT English FAQ

4. Free ACT Math Practice

• ACT Math Topic #1: Linear Equations

• ACT Math Topic #2: Trinomials

• ACT Math Topic #3: Trigonometry

• ACT Math FAQ

5. Free ACT Science Practice

• ACT Science Topic #1: Charts and Graphs

• ACT Science FAQ

6. The ACT Essay: 2022 Update

7. ACT Score Percentiles Chart

8. ACT Prep FAQ

9. Free ACT Practice Tests, Answers and Explanations

Free ACT Prep Introduction

The ACT is scored from 1-36, and each of four sections are also scored from 1-36. Your composite score, or what is normally called "your ACT score," is just an average of these four sections. And yes, like all non-barbarians, the ACT rounds up.

Here's a brief rundown of those four sections:

• ACT English, which features 75 questions and a 45 minute time limit.
• ACT Math, which features 60 questions and a 60 minute time limit.
• ACT Reading, which features 40 questions across four passages and a 35 minute time limit.
• ACT Science, which features 40 questions across seven passages and a 35 minute time limit.

How to Raise Your ACT Score

We have spent thousands and thousands of hours figuring out how to help students do better on this test. There is no one-size-fits-all solution for every student, but there are some things that will work for the vast majority of students. This informatIf you study the concepts and techniques contained on this page and spend some time with the free ACT practice tests at the bottom, your score will go up.

Consistency COUNTS

It's tempting to try to cram for the ACT. But remember that the test covers years of school concepts. It's a ton of material, and you won't be able to get it done in a week and do it justice. So don't try. Instead, start early and make consistent, steady progress.

Most students are surprised at the progress they can make in 6-8 weeks of dedicated prep. Just four or five hours a week for a couple months is enough for most students to significantly improve their academic concept understanding and become confident in the most important test-taking strategies.

Improve Concept Understanding

You hear a lot of people talk about little tricks that can massively raise your score. Don't buy into it. The big gains come from getting better on the actual grammar, algebra, etc. that is tested.

Do Official Practice Tests

There is no substitute for putting in the time, and you should spend this time on official practice tests. The good news is that there are a lot of free official practice tests

Target Weaknesses

Based on your practice test results, you should know where you are weak and where you are strong. Make a list of your biggest weaknesses and move through the relevant content in a methodical way. Rinse and repeat.

Track Progress

A good plan is one that leads you up to a specific test date and also features weekly goals for the amount of time you should spend on prep. Use your practice tests to track your progress toward your goal and determine where this time should be spent.

Check out our free ACT Scores Guide 2022

Get deeper insight into your score and what it means for you.

Free ACT Reading Practice

The ACT reading section is the most time-crunched section on either the SAT or ACT. With 40 questions and four passages in just 35 minutes, it's a challenge for a lot of students to finish on time. However, if you can manage the time constraint, you might find that many of the questions are actually pretty straightforward.

Our Four Best ACT Reading Tips

Read efficiently.

A lot of your improvement will come from analyzing questions and answers better, but in order to have time to do that, you need to read efficiently. That means reading closely enough to get the main ideas and know where to find things, but that's it.

Analyze Intelligently

Analyzing questions and answer choices better is the key to big improvements. The ACT is asking exactly what it means to ask, so having a precise understanding of the question and each answer choice is one of your most important tasks on this section.

Practice Makes Better

Doing practice passages out of official practice tests is probably more important on the reading section than any other section. This is about skills, not just knowledge. Like any other skill, you get better the more you do it. Be sure to dig into every question you miss!

Know Your Timing

Some students can read the passages and then answer the questions and still finish on time. If that's you, there's your strategy. If not, try reading the first sentence of each paragraph and skimming the rest before going to the questions. Figure this out before test day!

ACT Reading Strategy #1: Reading Passages Better

Why do we bother reading ACT passages at all? That sounds like a question with an obvious answer, but think about it for a second. There really are only two things we need to accomplish when reading an ACT passage.

First, we need to pick up on the main ideas. You really look back at a passage to quickly see what the main idea of the entire passage or even the main purpose of the third paragraph was, so we need to know those things before moving on to the questions. Second, we need to know where to find all of the other stuff. That's it! We don't need to do an incredibly close reading of these passages. The key is to read well enough to be able to answer big picture questions and find everything else quickly.

Video: Read Smarter, not Harder

Reading better on the ACT isn't just about trying to "hurry up." It's about prioritizing certain types of information over others.

ACT Reading Strategy #2: Analyzing Answer Choices Better

For most students, a lot of improvements come from analyzing answer choices better. The ACT has all sorts of tricks it likes to use, but the good news is that these tricks are often predictable. Let's take a look:

Video: Pick This, not That

The quickest path to a better ACT reading score is to analyze answer choices better. Let's take a look at some techniques.

Free ACT English Practice

We believe the ACT English section is the easiest section to get better at. Why? Because it is so straightforward! The recipe for success is pretty simple, and it all stems from how the test is designed. The majority of questions in this section are grammar questions. Fortunately, these grammar questions can be broken down into thirteen different question types, or grammar rules. If you get better at these thirteen grammar rules, your score will go up. We are going to look at the three most important rules here.

Video: ACT English Subjects & Verbs

The most foundational grammar concept on the ACT English section is subjects and verbs. Every single correct sentence has a subject and a main verb. Let's take a look.

Video: ACT English Run-ons & Fragments

Sentences can go wrong in two different ways. We can either have too much stuff (run-ons) or too little stuff (fragments). Let's look at both.

Video: ACT English Commas

Go ask ten people on the street what commas do. You'll probably get ten different answers. Fortunately, there is actually a method to the madness. We'll break it down for you.

Imagine you are a baseball player and your coach has just given you new tips for your swing. What is the next thing you need to do? You need to practice! Unless English is your second language, you've probably been speaking English for fifteen years. Old habits die hard. Watching one video isn't going to rid yourself of habits that you've had for years, so practice these skills on some official ACT practice tests.

ACT English FAQ

Below are some common questions about the ACT English section and the best methods of prepping for it.

No, there isn't. There is a separate, optional essay that students can elect to do if their target colleges require it, but that essay is not part of the ACT Writing Test. Your writing score is solely based on your performance on the 44 questions found in section two. These are all multiple choice questions, and most of them deal with English grammar and related concepts.

Yes! A lot of people think this is the easiest section to improve on. It's very straightforward, which is great for students who are willing to put in the time needed to prepare. If you get better at the thirteen grammar rules, your score will go up.

Yes. The vast majority of sentences have underlined portions in this section, so you wouldn't really be saving much time anyway. Further, there are some questions that deal with the passage as a whole, so you'll need to have at least a basic understanding of the passage. Skipping sentences makes that more difficult.

No, grammar is not subjective. There are different standards, but the ACT is pretty upfront about what their expectations are. Every single question on the ACT English Test can be explained by a hard-and-fast rule. This is not a matter of opinion.

Learn the thirteen grammar rules. Practice the thirteen grammar rules. Do official practice tests and review every question you miss. Repeat and win!

We call those "Be an Author" questions, and they make up about 25% of this section. They are about writing effectively, not just correctly. Put yourself in the reader's shoes -- which option make's the author's point clear and concise?

Free ACT Math Practice

The ACT Math section is a broad, vast section that can test you on anything from basic math you learned in sixth grade to graphing quadratics. To make matters worse, it likes to add an extra bit of math reasoning into questions, so these problems often don't look or feel like high school math problems. We can break the questions down into three general categories:

• Algebra without Exponents: Pre-algebra and some Algebra 1. This is most non-geometry and non-trig math without exponents.
• Algebra with Exponents: Algebra 2 and some Algebra 1. This is most non-geometry and non-trig that has exponents.
• Geometry and Trigonometry: Both plane and coordinate geometry as well as trigonometry. These questions range from really easy to really hard.

How to Raise Your ACT Math Score

Math Conceptual Content: This is your actual math ability, and it's typically reflected by your performance in math class at school. Can you solve linear equations, graph linear equations, factor trinomials and do functions? These are a few of the core math concepts you should be a master of.

Math Reasoning: This is your ability to problem solve. The ACT loves to give you some beginning information and expect you to use your reasoning ability to figure out a path from start to finish. This is not typically tested frequently during high school math. High school math often lends itself to memorizing steps, but that is not usually a successful approach on the ACT math portion.

For most students, opportunities exist in both of the above categories. But if you are an otherwise good math student who is underperforming on the ACT math section, you probably need to focus on the second category.

While the ACT math section is more predictable than the SAT math section, you still shouldn't rely on memorizing steps. The problems simply vary too much. In addition, you are going to be presented with novel scenarios that force you to be creative with the information you are given in an effort to get where you need to go. The difference between easy ACT math problems and hard ACT math problems is often a matter of reasoning, not actual math content.

That doesn't mean that actual math skills aren't important -- they are. In fact, for most students, the best way to get a higher ACT math score is to get better at math content. Just make sure that you're also doing plenty of practice out of official ACT practice tests.

ACT Math Topic #1: Linear Equations

Linear equations are equations that don't feature any exponents (at least no exponents other than "1"). This means they make straight lines on graphs. This is the single most important skill on the ACT Math Test, and it also might be one of the skills you've developed some rust on.

Video: The Single Most Important ACT Math Topic

Linear equations are the most fundamental topic tested on the ACT math section. They can be tested in equation form, graphing form or even as word problems. Let's take a look.

ACT Math Topic #2: Trinomials

Trinomials are a special form of polynomial that is frequently tested and will form parabolas on a graph. We typically factor them in order to solve them, and you should be very comfortable with them in both equation and graph form.

Video: Demystifying ACT Trinomials

While linear equations might have been the most important topic on the entire ACT math section, trinomials aren't far behind. But they don't have to be hard. Let's look.

ACT Math Topic #3: Trigonometry

Trigonometry is a major fear for a lot of students, but it doesn't need to be. Most of the trig on the ACT is baby trig, and if you know a few things, you can get these questions right.

Video: ACT Math Trigonometry Explained

The trigonometry on the ACT Math Test is all pretty simple. If you know the basics well, you should be good to go. Let's run through it:

ACT Math FAQ

The ACT math section is broad and can be scary for some students. These are our answers to some common questions.

Yes, you can use a calculator on the entire ACT Math Test.

Most math concepts covered between sixth grade and Algebra 2 are fair game. That includes basic number theory, linear equations, polynomials, modeling, data analysis, 3D objects and volume. But you need to know more than just math concepts to do well. You need to be able to reason with the information you've been given and figure out how you can get to the answer. This may involve several steps, and this process doesn't lend itself to memorizing those steps.

Maybe, maybe not. Being good at high school math is probably the best background you can bring to the table. But a lot of students who are good at high school math struggle in this section because high school math often encourages students to simply memorize the steps that are needed to do each problem. The ACT doesn't really work that way, so it's possible to be great at high school math but struggle on the ACT Math Test.

Practice tests are certainly important, but a better approach is to use those tests to help you identify your weak areas. Then, spend some time reviewing those areas and improving your underlying content skills before doing the next practice test.

Nope. Gosh, could you imagine?

Not necessarily. If you are an advanced math student, you likely took pre-Algebra years and years ago. That means you're rusty on things like linear equations, and you very possibly missed some questions simply because it's been a while since you did the easy stuff.

Free ACT Science Practice

The ACT Science Test is badly named. Yes, all of the passages and questions are scientific. But it really has very little to do with your science knowledge or your ability in high school science classes. Rather, you should think of this section as a second reading test with scientific passages and lots of charts.

You will see three types of passages:

• Charts and Graphs: These passages require you to do little more than simply interpret charts and graphs. You'll see three of these passages.
• Experiments: These passages ask you to interpret and analyze experiments. You'll see three of these passages.
• Conflicting Viewpoints: You'll be given multiple perspectives and asked to compare and contrast them. You'll see one of these passages.

ACT Science Topic #1: Charts & Graphs

By far, the most important skill you can have on the ACT Science Test is the ability to read and interpret charts and graphs. The ACT is very, very good at coming up with novel ways of presenting complex information, so it is worth it to spend a few seconds doing a "high level" glance at each chart or graph to make sure you understand its structure before trying to find specific information on it.

Let's look at one example of how the ACT Science Test may present information. This type of graph is called a scatterplot (the blue writing is our addition -- this won't be provided on the test):

Scatterplots take a lot of actual observations and place them on a graph, typically along with a "line of best fit." The line of best fit is simply the one line that best represents all of the data points. The ACT likes to ask things like which data point varies the most from the line of best fit or whether more data points fall above or below the line.

Let's go through our key takeaways:

• Author #1 viewpoint: The object is a comet because it is too small to be a planet and orbits like a comet.
• Author #2 viewpoint: The object is a planet because it is larger than many people believe and is orbiting differently than most planets due to larger surrounding planets.
• Key points of difference: The authors disagree about the size of the object and the reasons for its orbital shape.
• Critical information that could resolve the disagreement: Conclusive data about the size of the object and how the object would orbit if it weren't being affected by surrounding planets.

ACT Science FAQ

Below are some common questions about the ACT Science Test and the best methods of prepping for it.

Not necessarily. This section requires almost no outside knowledge, and there probably isn't much correlation between how you are doing in your chemistry class and how you will perform on this section.

Reading scientific passages and interpreting the information presented. The passages are designed to feel like they are over your head. They aren't written to be accessible to high school students. But don't let that discourage you. Everything you need to answer every single question is right there in the passage.

Probably not. Every college makes their own policy regarding how they handle admissions to specific programs within their university, but we aren't aware of any colleges that require a certain score on the ACT Science Test in order to pursue a scientific major.

Yes, almost certainly. But you don't need to read everything. You need only a cursory understanding of the passages in order to answer the questions. The exception to this is the comparative viewpoints passage -- you need to actually read it well enough to understand it.

The first thing you need to know is that getting better at this section will speed you up more than anything else. Practice slowly -- even if that means spending five minutes per question -- in order to learn how this section works. However, there are some tricks. For most students, the comparative viewpoints passage takes the longest. Save it until the end. For multiple experiments passages, only read the introductory text and skim the text for each experiment.

ACT Essay 2022

Is there an essay on the sat.

Yes, there is still technically an essay portion of the ACT. However, it is optional, and we believe it will be discontinued soon. College Board, maker of the SAT, discontinued the SAT essay last year. Only a minority of schools recommended or required the essay, and now those schools are in the awkward spot of requiring or recommending the essay if students take the ACT but not being able to require or recommend the essay for SAT students.

We doubt it sticks around much longer. However, it's here now, so let's talk about it.

ACT Essay: The Magic Formula

You don't need to write a Pulitzer-worthy essay to get a perfect score. In fact, the ACT has done a pretty good job of telling you exactly what you need to do in order to get the best score possible. They've given sample essays that have been scored, and we can learn a lot by looking at the perfect-scoring example essay. And guess what? There's good news! You can follow a simple formula and still get a perfect score. In fact, we highly recommend following this formula. Let's take a look.

Paragraph #1: Introduction Your first paragraph should introduce the ideas you want to present in your essay. The single most important sentence in this paragraph is your thesis statement, and it should be the last sentence of the paragraph. Your thesis should contain the three main ideas you want to present in your body paragraphs that will follow. For example, imagine we are analyzing a prompt that asks about the effects of machine automation. A good thesis might be Machine automation has the potential to eliminate jobs, present serious security risks and magnify societal power imbalances. See how there are three points presented in that sentence? That is because we are going to have three body paragraphs, and each one will deal with one of these ideas.

Paragraphs 2-4: Body Our three points in our thesis (elimination of jobs, security risks and power imbalances) will give us the material for each of our three body paragraphs. The first sentence in each paragraph should be a clear topic sentence that condenses the most important ideas of the paragraph down into one sentence. For example, the first sentence of one of our paragraphs might be Because machine automation can complete many tasks that form the basis for a broad range of jobs currently completed by humans, there is a real threat that automation can eliminate many of the jobs we currently rely on.

Paragraph #5: Conclusion The concluding paragraph should be relatively short. You should restate your thesis (in different words) and give a couple of sentences that wrap up the ideas you've presented. Avoid presenting any new ideas in the conclusion.

ACT Score Percentiles Chart

See how your ACT score stacks up against other test takers:

The ACT covers years of coursework and mixes in a few skills you might not have been exposed to in high school. It can feel daunting, but while the amount of information is vast, the process of getting better at it is actually quite simple. We'll try to answer a few other questions we commonly get.

For most students, yes. This goal is more realistic if you aren't starting with a 30+, of course. However, raising your ACT score significantly requires time, hard work and a good plan. If you are willing to do those things, you can raise your score.

Unless your strengths are so strong that there isn't much room left for improvement (i.e., you are scoring a 750+ on math), you should spend some time on both. However, for a lot of students, the biggest gains in the shortest time often come from getting better at their weaknesses.

This of course various, but a lot of students could get real improvement by spending four hours per week for eight weeks on ACT prep. That time should be split between reviewing content and doing practice tests.

No matter how much time you spend on ACT prep, remember that quality time is more important than anything else. Treat every practice question like it's a test question, and have a plan that guides how you will spend your time.

If you get the score you need, once is enough. Okay, that's a cop out. There isn't an inherent advantage in taking the test a lot of times unless you underperformed on it, and you should know whether you underperformed because you should have already taken some official practice tests. If you've been scoring a 21 on practice tests and you score about a 21 on test day, you shouldn't expect to do better just by taking it again. Instead, you'll need to do some prep and actually get better at the ACT in order for your score to go up. If, however, you have been getting a 21 on practice tests but scored just an 18 on the real thing, take it again whether you do additional prep or not.

Very! Different colleges weight test scores differently, but it's hard to overstate the importance of the ACT for college admissions. Your GPA/class rank and test scores are, by far, the two most important factors that will determine the colleges you get into.

A lot has been made in the last couple years about test optional college admissions. While it's true that many schools no longer require the SAT, students who have competitive test scores are more likely to get in. If you have a chance of getting to the 25th percentile score for a given college, you should do it. It will significantly improve your chances of admission, and scholarships almost always require test scores.

For the most part, no. There are some little tricks, but they aren't going to give you 2+ points on the test. There is no substitute for doing actual work to get better at the algebra, grammar, etc. that is tested. Good ACT tutoring revolves around resolving content weaknesses first.

For most students, it doesn't really matter. The vast majority of students do about the same on both exams, and there is no difference in how the exams are viewed by colleges. Your goal is to get the highest percentile score possible, regardless of which test it happens on. In general, the ACT is more a of a time crunch and gives less weight to math, but it is also a bit more straightforward. It also includes a science section, but this section has little correlation with ability in high school science class.

Probably linear equations. Knowing how to solve and graph linear equations as well as work with the slope formula are fundamental skills on this test. Outside of math, subjects and verbs are extremely important. The ACT English Test and ACT Math Test are equally weighted, and these two concepts are vital within their sections, so maybe subjects and verbs are actually just as important as linear equations.

Free ACT Practice Material

The ACT provides several free prep materials, including practice questions and even a free full-length practice test.

Free Full-Length Official Practice Test

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The ACT Writing Test (Optional)

The ACT Writing Test assesses your writing skills. The Writing Test includes one prompt describing a complex issue and three perspectives related to that prompt. Your goal is to write an essay in which you present your own reasoned perspective; this perspective might—but does not need to—relate to one or more of the three perspectives in the prompt, but your essay must include a discussion of both your own perspective and at least one other. The specific perspective you decide to take will not affect your final score.

The issue discussed in the prompt might be a familiar one, but it might also be completely new to you. The Writing Test will always include a paragraph providing background on the issue because prior knowledge is not required.

The ACT Writing Test will be broken down into four categories for scoring: Ideas and Analysis, Development and Support, Organization, and Language Use and Conventions. Each of these elements will be scored on a scale of 2 to 12, and you will receive a single subject-level writing score, also on a scale of 2 to 12.

ACT Writing Test Scoring Guidelines

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The Official ACT Prep Guide 2021-2022 1st Edition

• Review the entire ACT ® test content so you’ll know what to expect on test day
• Understand the procedures you’ll follow when you’re taking the ACT ®
• Prepare for the types of questions you can expect to find on the test
• Adopt test-taking strategies that are right for you

The Official ACT ® Prep Guide 2021-2022 is the best resource to prepare you for test day. By using this guide you can feel comfortable that you’re prepared to do your best!

• ISBN-10 1119787343
• ISBN-13 978-1119787341
• Edition 1st
• Publisher John Wiley & Sons Inc
• Publication date April 20, 2021
• Part of series Official ACT Prep Guide
• Language English
• Dimensions 8.4 x 2.6 x 10.7 inches
• Print length 1101 pages
• See all details

From the Publisher

Editorial Reviews

From the inside flap.

The comprehensive guide to the 2021-2022 ACT ® test, with 6 genuine, full-length practice tests in print and online.

This 2021-2022 guide includes six actual ACT ® tests – all of which contain the optional writing test – that you can use to practice at your own pace. To help you review test subjects and improve your understanding, this guide provides clear explanations for every answer. You’ll also get practical tips for boosting your score on the English, math, reading, and science tests, as well as the optional writing test. Additionally, you can access the six tests online through the access code provided in the guide. The code also provides access to 400 online flashcards to help you prepare for all sections in the ACT ® examination.

The test’s creators filled this guide with expert advice on how to both mentally and physically prepare for the exam. It will also help you:

From the Back Cover

About the author.

ACT is a not-for-profit organization providing assessment, research, information, and program management services to support education and workforce development. Known most widely as the makers of the ACT exam, the college readiness and placement assessment taken by some 1.8 million high school students each year, ACT produces a number of assessments and services reaching more than 10 million people along the kindergarten through career continuum. ACT's rigorous research informs policy decisions and helps develop programs that boost lifelong learning potential in schools and workplaces around the world.

Product details

• Publisher ‏ : ‎ John Wiley & Sons Inc; 1st edition (April 20, 2021)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Paperback ‏ : ‎ 1101 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1119787343
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1119787341
• Grade level ‏ : ‎ 10 - 12
• Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 4.36 pounds
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 8.4 x 2.6 x 10.7 inches
• #18 in ACT Test Guides
• #354 in Test Prep & Study Guides

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Free ACT Official Practice Test PDFs and Answer Explanations

This page contains professionally-written answer explanations to the freely available, official ACT practice tests floating around on the internet.

Depending on the year, either the ACT or the SAT is the most popular college admissions test in the United States. About 1.3 million students in the graduating class of 2022 took the ACT or an estimated 36% of all graduates in the US .

According to ACT, the best way to improve your score is simply to take the test more than once, which is why we’ve published this guide of free ACT practice tests. Students who took the ACT test multiple times scored an average of nearly 3 points higher than those who took the ACT only one time .

How to Prepare for the ACT Test

Armed with these statistics and over 20 years of experience, we are confident in saying that the best way to prepare for the ACT is:

• Review the tested academic concepts (know your stuff)
• Take full-length practice ACT tests (increase familiarization)
• Stick to timed conditions (build endurance)

Click here to get more tips on how to improve your ACT score .

More Tips for School ACT Prep Teachers

One of the simplest ways to help prepare your students for the ACT is to have them work through the official practice tests on this page—and ensure that they’re learning from their mistakes. But also check out these additional resources:

• How to Teach an ACT or SAT Test Prep Course
• Piqosity Success Coaching for ACT Prep Teachers
• Free ACT Practice Tests from Piqosity

Click here to learn more about Piqosity for educators or schedule a free info call with us.

Schedule a Demo

Free official act practice tests.

However, the free practice test is not always updated each year; the ACT generally recycles the same test for 2-3 years. You can quickly tell if a test is unique or not by looking at the “Form” number, which is found on the bottom-left corner of each page preceded by the year of publication.

The 2023-2024 “Preparing for the ACT Test” is the newest and most current edition of the ACT’s free student prep guide; however the practice test it contains is from 2021, form 2176CPRE.

Note that we have removed the links to download the PDFs below; but you can easily find them by Googling the Form Name. In September of 2022, ACT started sending us and Google nasty-grams about sharing these freely available tests.

The 3, free full-length official ACT practice test PDFs available for downloading and printing:

Score these ACT practice tests on Piqosity for free! You can now score these official ACT practice tests on Piqosity to access our timing, analytics, and score tracking tools. Simply download the PDF and input your answer results in your account.

There are an additional 4, full free-length official ACT practice tests that are slightly outdated but still useful. They are slightly outdated because in 2015, ACT redesigned the optional essay portion of the exam (Writing Test) and updated how it categorizes questions through the entire test. So if you decide to use the official practice tests below, do not work the essay, and just be aware that official question categorizations are now different.

The 4, slightly outdated official ACT practice test PDFs:

• ACT Practice Test 2014-15 (Form 67C)
• ACT Practice Test 2005-06 (Form 59F)

Free Piqosity Answer Explanations

Although ACT provides free practice tests, they do not provide answer explanations. As such we’ve asked some of our brilliant tutors to write detailed step-by-step answer explanations for the following practice tests. Click through the link below to access the free answer explanations:

• English Answer Explanations from 2021 ACT Practice Test
• Math Answer Explanations from 2021 ACT Practice Test
• Reading Answer Explanations from 2021 ACT Practice Test
• Science Answer Explanations from 2021 ACT Practice Test
• Writing Test Sample Essays from 2021 ACT Practice Test
• English Answer Explanations from 2020 ACT Practice Test
• Math Answer Explanations from 2020 ACT Practice Test
• Reading Answer Explanations from 2020 ACT Practice Test
• Science Answer Explanations from 2020 ACT Practice Test
• Writing Test Sample Essays from 2020 ACT Practice Test
• English Answer Explanations from 2015-2018 ACT Practice Test
• Math Answer Explanations from 2015-2018 ACT Practice Test
• Reading Answer Explanations from 2015-2018 ACT Practice Test
• Science Answer Explanations from 2015-2018 ACT Practice Test
• Writing Answer Explanations from 2015-2018 ACT Practice Test

Piqosity Free ACT Practice Tests & Concept Review

• 1 Mini Diagnostic ACT practice test to quickly gauge your starting point
• 12 full-length (2 free) ACT practice tests which closely mimic the official exam
• 15 hour video course + 70 concept review lessons
• Estimated test day score
• Strengths and weakness analysis
• Step-by-step answer explanations and a community of helpful educators

ACT® is a registered trademark of ACT, Inc. Piqosity is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by ACT.

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ACT-SAT Score Conversion & Comparison

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The ACT-SAT* Score Conversion & Information Supersite

If you took the sat ….

Enter your SAT composite score to get your ACT equivalent.

If you took the ACT …

Enter your ACT Composite Score and get your SAT equivalent.

The Tests to Take to Get into American Colleges

Welcome college counselors, admissions officers, parents, and high school students in the Class of 2022, Class of 2023, Class of 2024, and Class of 2025 to convertyourscore.org!

You’ve arrived at the world’s authoritative SAT-ACT conversion tool and information resource. Academically-oriented colleges in the United States require that students submit scores from one of two standardized tests – the SAT and the ACT – in order to be considered for admission. Standardized tests like the SAT and ACT are important to such American colleges and universities because they are standardized – unlike high school grades and extracurricular activities, which will vary greatly from school to school and student to student. While there is much debate these days as to whether or not success on the SAT or ACT is a reliable predictor of how a student will perform during his or her freshman year of college, students can’t get wrapped up in the latest academic debates on the matter. For the foreseeable future colleges that prize academic excellence will continue to judge applicants and their perceived potential based on their scores on the SAT or ACT. If you want to have the most college options, you should plan to take the SAT and/or ACT and do well on at least one of them.

The good news is that all American colleges and universities that require submission of standardized test scores as a part of a student’s application will consider a student’s score on the SAT or ACT. Colleges look at your success on these tests as interchangeable – even though the tests assess your skills and knowledge quite differently. Thus, you need to be strategic about which tests to take and when to take them in order to ultimately submit to colleges your best scores.

Many students, depending on their particular strengths and weaknesses, will perform much better on one test or the other. Consequently, prepared students should study for both tests by purchasing and completing timed practice tests included in the latest editions of The Official SAT Study Guide and The Official ACT Prep Guide . Next, students should sign up for and take the SAT and ACT at least once each in order to gauge which test casts them in the best light.

How do the ACT and SAT Differ?

The SAT assesses students in the areas of Evidence-Based Reading & Writing (EBRW) and Math (M). There is also an optional essay in its own section. The ACT tests students in English (E), Math (M), Reading (R), and Science (S). On the ACT there is also an optional essay.

The ACT’s sections are broken down as follows:

• English: 75 questions/45 minutes
• Mathematics: 60 questions/60 minutes
• Reading: 40 questions/35 minutes
• Science: 40 questions/35 minutes
• Optional Writing: 1 essay prompt/40 minutes

The required sections of the ACT take 2 hours and 55 minutes. If you opt to take the optional Writing (essay) section, you will add an extra 40 minutes to the end of your test. The key concepts tested on each section of the ACT are as follows:

• English: Usage/Mechanics and Rhetorical Skills
• Mathematics: Pre-Algebra and Elementary Algebra, Intermediate Algebra and Coordinate Geometry, and Plane Geometry and Triginometry
• Reading: Arts and Literature and Social Studies and Sciences
• Science: Data Representations, Research Summaries, and Conflicting Viewpoints
• Optional Writing: Ideas and Analysis, Development and Support, Organization, and Language Use and Conventions

The SAT’s four sections proceed as follows:

• Reading Test: 52 questions/65 minutes
• Writing and Language Test: 44 questions/35 minutes
• Math Test – No Calculator (Multiple Choice + Student Produced Response): 20 questions/25 minutes
• Math Test – Calculator Permitted (Multiple Choice + Student Produced Response): 38 questions/55 minutes

The four sections of the SAT take 3 hours to complete. The key concepts tested on each section of the SAT are:

• Reading Test: Command of Evidence, Words in Context, and Analysis of Social Studies/Science
• Writing and Language Test: Same as Reading Test + Expression of Ideas and Standard English Conventions
• Math Test – No Calculator (Multiple Choice + Student Produced Response): Linear Equations and Systems, Quantitative Skills, and some Geometry and Trigonometry
• Math Test – Calculator Permitted (Multiple Choice + Student Produced Response): Same as first Math Test + Manipulation of Complex Equations

How the ACT and SAT are Scored Today

On both the SAT and ACT there is a difference between raw points earned versus scaled points earned. Basically, raw points are earned for correct answers. On both tests no raw points are deducted for multiple choice questions answered incorrectly or left blank.

Yet, the testing agencies responsible for the SAT and ACT hardly make things simple because they don’t report to you your raw score (at least not directly in top-level summaries available on score reports). Instead they put your raw scores in the oven – they cook them! Instead of calling your final scores on these tests your cooked scores, they call them your scaled scores. Receiving cooked scores probably would rub people the wrong way. Go figure. Yet, how the SAT and ACT cook their scores is completely different. The SAT inflates and the ACT deflates.

The lowest score one can earn on each of the three sections of the SAT is 200. To earn a 200 on one section of the SAT would mean that you answered no questions right and a lot of questions wrong. Thus, 200 is a very rare score to get on any section of the SAT. A 200 still sounds better than 0 to the man on the street, so congrats if you get a 200. Thus, the lowest potential combined score one can get on the two main sections of the SAT is a 400.

Alternatively, if you get every SAT question right (or nearly every question on some test administration dates), you can earn as high as 800 points on each section. Thus, the highest combined score one can earn on the SAT is 1600. Now that’s hot stuff!

The average scores for Americans taking the test come in at just above or below 500 per section depending on the year or exact test date of administration.

Meanwhile, the ACT has a scaled score that looks completely different, first because there are more sections, and second because when you go out to lunch with someone you don’t just want to rattle off the sum of your section scores like you would with the SAT. Remember, if somebody earned a 630 Evidence-Based Reading & Writing and 700 Math on the SAT, they would most likely be overheard saying something like, “So, guess what? I just found out that I got a 1330 on the SAT! Can you believe how awesome I am?” When referring colloquially to your greatness as it relates to your ACT score, you speak a bit differently. You share your average score of all the sections that make up the test. This score is referred to as your composite score. The highest composite score one can earn on the ACT is a 36, while the lowest composite score one can theoretically get on the ACT is a 1. So, again, assuming you are out with a friend after checking your scores online, you would say something like, “Oh my gosh! I just logged in and I got a 30!” For the student in this example to get a 30 means that he or she got section scores that averaged out to 30. So, for instance, he or she may have gotten a 29 on the English section a 33 on the Math section, a 28 on the Reading section, and a 31 on the Science section.

29+33+28+31 = 121 / 4 = 30.25

Please note from the example above that ACT will only round up to the next highest round number starting at X.50; therefore, a score of 30.25 is reported as a 30.

What About My Essay/Writing Score?

Note that in the above example we have not mentioned the student’s ACT Writing score, which on the ACT is synonymous with a test taker’s essay score. This is because a student’s Writing (essay) score does not affect his or her composite score in any way.

The ACT has two readers review your essays, and each reader gives your essay a score between 1 and 6 for four distinct domains: Ideas and Analysis, Development and Support, Organization, and Language Use and Conventions. Thus, your Writing (essay) score on the ACT is the average of these scores. The full ACT essay-scoring rubric is available here .

Why this Site is Valuable

The scores that matter to most to ALL colleges when comparing how you did on one test versus how you did on the other test are the scores that this site asks you to report and convert above.

First, colleges are comparing your SAT composite (EBRW + M) score to your ACT composite (E + M + R + S) score.

Comparing your SAT and ACT scores is incredibly frustrating if you don’t do it the right way. The above conversion calculators are valuable because they help you see things from the perspective of college admissions officers as they review test scores from students. Your job as a student is to put your best foot forward on your college application. This site helps you do just that by allowing you to gauge which test is your best test.

Not Ever Going to Be a Fan of Standardized Tests?

The number of colleges that don’t require the SAT or ACT is growing as more colleges acknowledge that a student is more than a score and that by removing testing requirements colleges often get a bump in application numbers. During Spring 2020 in particular, many colleges fretted over plunges in future application numbers in response to the Wuhan Coronavirus pandemic and the global economic depression that resulted from governments around the world forcibly destroying their economies. Many colleges, looking at their financial situations, wagered that lowering admissions standards would prevent demand from plunging too far too fast. They were right, and in some cases application numbers increased so much that colleges decided to maintain test-optional admissions policies indefinitely. 

Yet, remember, just because a college doesn’t require applicants to submit their SAT or ACT score in order to considered for admission does not mean that such a college won’t strongly consider your scores if you do choose to submit them. For instance, you can bet the farm that if you choose to apply Early Decision to University of Pennsylvania in Fall 2021 and as part of your application you submit an ACT score of 35, that 35 will help your chances of getting into Penn.

Always check directly with the colleges on your list before applying to make sure you understand their most up to date admissions policies fully.

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The building safety act 2022 (amendment notices transitional provision) regulations 2024, you are here:.

• UK Statutory Instruments
• 2024 No. 850
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This is the original version (as it was originally made). This item of legislation is currently only available in its original format.

This Statutory Instrument has been made in consequence of defects in S.I. 2023/993(C.59) and is being issued free of charge to all known recipients of that Statutory Instrument.

Statutory Instruments

2024 No. 850

Building And Buildings, England

5th August 2024

Coming into force

6th August 2024

The Secretary of State makes these Regulations in exercise of the power conferred by section 170(6) of the Building Safety Act 2022( 1 ).

Citation, commencement and extent

1. —(1) These Regulations may be cited as the Building Safety Act 2022 (Amendment Notices Transitional Provision) Regulations 2024 and come into force on the day after the day on which they are made.

(2) These Regulations extend to England and Wales.

Transitional provision

2.   The amendment of section 51A of the Building Act 1984( 2 ) by section 46(2) of the Building Safety Act 2022( 3 ) does not apply in relation to an initial notice to which regulation 46 of the Building (Registered Building Control Approvers etc.) (England) Regulations 2024( 4 ) applies.

Signed by authority of the Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities

Rushanara Ali

Parliamentary Under Secretary of State

Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government

EXPLANATORY NOTE

(This note is not part of the Regulations)

These Regulations make transitional provision in relation to the coming into force of the new building control regime for higher-risk buildings established by the Building Safety Act 2022. Under the new regime, registered building control approvers are unable to supervise higher-risk building work except in transitional cases where the initial notice was submitted before 1st October 2023 and the work was sufficiently progressed by 6th April 2024. These regulations ensure that amendment notices can be made in those transitional cases.

A full impact assessment has not been produced for this instrument as no, or no significant, impact on the private, voluntary sector or community bodies is foreseen.

2022 c.30 .

1984 c.55 . Section 51A was inserted by S.I. 1996/1905 .

Section 46 was brought into force for all remaining purposes on 1 October 2023 by S.I. 2023/993 (C.59) .

S.I. 2024/110 .

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ACT Test Dates 2021-2022

Here at PrepScholar, we understand how important it is to pick the right ACT test date. Choose a date that's too early and you won't have enough time to study. However, choose a date that's too late and you may not be able to retake the exam, if needed, or get your scores to colleges by their deadlines. 

To help make choosing the best ACT test date easier, we constantly review data to keep you up-to-date on new ACT testing dates. When you know future ACT registration and exam dates, you can stay organized so you can focus on studying for the test with less stress.

In this article, we go over the confirmed ACT test dates for 2021-2022 and explain the steps to take to pick the best ACT test date for you.

ACT Test Dates for 2021-2022

Below is the schedule for the ACT test dates, registration deadlines, and score release dates for the 2021-22 school year. The ACT test dates and deadlines are all confirmed by ACT Inc; the online score release dates are our own estimates.

* The first date is when multiple-choice scores come out, and the second date is when complete scores (including the essay) become available.

**The July exam date isn't offered in New York.

How Accurate Is the Table Above?

Each of these 2021-2022 ACT test dates, as well as the regular and late deadlines, has been confirmed on the official ACT website. This means that you can be confident that they won't change, especially as the period of exam cancellations due to the coronavirus pandemic seems to have passed. 

The score release dates are estimated, based on past patterns of multiple-choice results being released about ten days after the exam and essay scores being released about two weeks after that. However, it's completely possible for ACT scores to be delayed a few days; this is a normal occurrence and shouldn't worry you or make you think anything there's something wrong with your scores. If more than a week has passed after these score release dates and you still haven't gotten your scores, you can call ACT, Inc to check the status of your results.

How to Choose the Best ACT Test Date: 4 Things to Consider

The ACT is typically offered seven times a year. How can you know which date will work best for you? Before you decide to register for one of the above test dates, consider these four factors:

#1: College Application Deadlines

This is the most important consideration. Before you can choose an ACT test date, you need to know when each of the colleges you're applying to requires your scores. If you miss a school's deadline, they likely won't look at your scores, no matter how high they are! Therefore, you always want to choose a test date well before college deadlines. (Even if you're applying to a school that's test-optional , if you decide to send ACT scores, they still must be received by the school's deadline.)

It takes about one to three weeks after your exam date for you to get your ACT scores, and schools typically receive your scores another two weeks after that. Therefore, we recommend choosing an ACT test date at least a month before your applications are due in order to ensure you meet school deadlines.

Common application deadlines are January 1 for students applying regular decision and November 1 or 15 for early action / early decision . If you apply regular decision , the December test in your senior year is likely the last ACT you can take for most colleges. If you apply early action or early decision, the last ACT you can take will likely be the October test date. 

Some schools have a specific deadline just for SAT/ACT scores, or they'll list the final exam date they accept scores from. Check the admissions pages of the schools you're applying to so you can get this information; it's very important to know!

#2: Possible ACT Retakes

In order to get their best score, many students end up taking the ACT two or three times . Even if you feel confident that you'll reach your goal score the first time you take the ACT, it's smart to give yourself time for one or two retakes, just in case you have an off day. Here's a potential schedule that gives you plenty of time to take the ACT three times:

• First time: as a junior in your fall semester
• Second time: as a junior in your spring semester
• Third time: as a senior in your fall semester (or the summer before fall semester)

If you don't feel quite ready to take the ACT in the fall of your junior year, you can take the test for the first time in February of your junior year instead. This will still leave you enough time to take it once or twice more with time to study between exam dates.

#3: Your Study Plan

The study plan you create is another important consideration to take into account before choosing an ACT test date. We generally recommend that students begin studying several months before they take the ACT, but what really counts, more than the number of months, is how many hours you spend  studying. You'll want to take a practice ACT first, see how you score on it, and see how far that score is from your goal score . Then you can figure out how much you want to improve and how many hours you should study.

Here are our estimates for the numbers of hours you'll need to study for the ACT, based on how much of a point improvement you want to make:

• 0-1 ACT point improvement: 10 hours
• 1-2 ACT point improvement: 20 hours
• 2-4 ACT point improvement: 40 hours
• 4-6 ACT point improvement: 80 hours
• 6-9 ACT point improvement: 150 hours+

For example, if you are getting about a 26 on practice ACTs and your goal score is a 30, expect to study about 40-60 hours to reach that goal. If you think you can manage studying about six hours a week, it'll take you about seven to ten weeks to be ready. That means you should choose a test date at least 2.5 months after you begin studying for the ACT to make sure you have plenty of time to prepare. Of course you can reach that goal faster if you can fit in more study hours each week.

Remember though, that these are only estimates, and it's important to take regular practice ACTs so you can see how much progress you're making and which areas you still need to improve in.

#4: Schedule Conflicts

The final factor to keep in mind is whether the ACT test date you're considering works with everything else in your schedule. Once you have an exam date in mind, check to see if you have any potential conflicts on or around that date. Don't look at just the test date itself either; make sure that you have plenty of time in your schedule in the weeks/months before the exam date for you to study as much as you need to.

For example, maybe the February date is on the same day as your orchestra concert. Or perhaps you want to avoid the June test date because you'll be focused on preparing for your AP exams. In these cases, you'll want to choose a different exam date to be sure you can be well prepared for the ACT and fully focused on the test come exam day.

What's Next?

Wondering if the ACT is hard? Check out 9 key factors for assessing the ACT's difficulty .

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Christine graduated from Michigan State University with degrees in Environmental Biology and Geography and received her Master's from Duke University. In high school she scored in the 99th percentile on the SAT and was named a National Merit Finalist. She has taught English and biology in several countries.

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More From Forbes

Nsf budget cuts hamstring chips act and community colleges.

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U.S. National Science Foundation Director Sethuraman Panchanathan joined New America's Future of ... [+] Work & Innovation Economy initiative on June 6, 2024 to discuss the importance of community and technical colleges in the NSF Regional Innovation Engines, a program catalyzed by the CHIPS & Science Act of 2022.

Congress did something invaluable but underappreciated with the passage of the bipartisan CHIPS and Science Act of 2022. The “science” part of the legislation empowered the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), America's federal agency dedicated to advancing scientific research and STEM education, to expand support for community colleges workforce preparation for emerging technology sectors .

Community colleges are well-known as affordable, accessible, and employer-aligned engines of economic mobility . Scientific and technological innovation spurred by federally funded R&D, CHIPS-specific investments, the AI revolution, and infrastructure investments such as the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and the Inflation Reduction Act have compounded America's need for skilled technical talent and community colleges.

Today, community colleges not only educate America’s care workers, welders, plumbers, and electricians and support degree attainment, but they are also training for jobs in emerging fields comprising the future of work .

Through certificates, degree programs, apprenticeships, and customized training, community colleges meet employers' workforce needs for the emerging technology areas Congress emphasized in CHIPS – including artificial intelligence , autonomous vehicles , quantum science and technology , biotechnology , green energy jobs , advanced manufacturing , and beyond.

That’s good news because not only are 2-year institutions best suited to grow the STEM skilled technical workforce, but the community college sector serves a significant portion of working-class Americans, rural communities , and people of color who were left out of the innovation economy during the 20th-century rise of Silicon Valley.

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Trump vs. harris 2024 polls: harris leads trump in latest post-dnc surveys, today’s nyt mini crossword clues and answers for wednesday, august 28th, congress “chips away” at the chips act and cuts nsf funding.

Unfortunately, Congress slashed over $800 million from the NSF budget in March instead of following through on CHIPS budget targets. This was a step in the wrong direction . Per Congress' original plan, NSF should have gotten $6 billion more in FY24 than it received.

These cuts threaten to stifle community colleges that are innovating and providing critical education, reskilling, and upskilling training necessary to meet labor market needs for CHIPS technology areas and the STEM workforce overall.

While an election looms over us, it’s essential that Congressional appropriators in the current and future Congress reverse course and fully fund NSF to the levels identified in the CHIPS & Science Act. Doing so would bolster languishing economic competitiveness, create quality jobs, and reliable, affordable pathways to those jobs as was promised in CHIPS.

Business leaders agree. In June, 21 CTOs of major businesses urged Congress to fund NSF at the levels identified in the CHIPS & Science Act. CISCO, IBM, Microsoft, and SAP Software Solutions joined the U.S. Chamber of Congress in a letter asking for Congress to restore NSF funding .

New America’s Future of Work and Innovation Economy initiative studied community colleges' role in emerging technology workforce development, technology-based economic development, and regional innovation ecosystems well before CHIPS was law. The contribution of federal science agencies like NSF in supporting 2-year institutions cannot be understated.

Community College Presidents Urge Action on NSF Budget

The National Science Foundation and the White House chose to announce the CHIPS-authorized NSF ... [+] Regional Innovation Engine awardees at Forsyth Technical Community College in North Carolina.

In 2022, the CHIPS Act established the first new arm at NSF in over thirty years – the Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships Directorate. Under the directorate’s leadership , NSF expanded its support for community colleges, specifically for job training around emerging technologies – a critical need for the bill’s successful implementation . A few programs are critical supportive of colleges:

NSF EPIIC: Building the capacity of community colleges for the innovation economy

Community colleges are chronically underinvested in and need dedicated support to meet the needs of advanced industries. The division’s new Enabling Partnerships to Increase Innovation Capacity (EPIIC) grant funding program is helping to build the capacity of community colleges to meet emerging technology workforce needs.

For example, Harper College, in partnership with Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College and City Colleges of Chicago, is working to improve employer partnership structures to meet workforce needs in emerging technology fields like quantum science and technology by implementing the Business & Industry Leadership (BILT) model .

In an email statement, Avis Proctor, President of Harper College, told me that the EPIIC grant is positioning the community college sector to strengthen its landscape of employer collaborations, “I encourage Congress to continue recognizing the critical role community colleges play as regional economic engines and restore NSF funding to levels authorized by the forward-thinking CHIPS and Science Act,” she said.

NSF ExLENT: Expanding hands-on, work-based learning in emerging technology sectors

In emerging occupations where labor market needs are less clear, hands-on experience is critical . NSF’s new Experiential Learning for Emerging and Novel Technologies (ExLENT) program is expanding work-based learning partnerships between community colleges, employers, economic development organizations, and other entities focused on advanced industries. For example, MiraCosta College won an ExLENT grant to scale internships and apprenticeships in the biomanufacturing and microelectronics sectors .

“Securing the NSF ExLENT grant is a transformative milestone for MiraCosta College, our students, and sectors important to our state,” Sunita Cooke, President of MiraCosta and Board President of the American Association of Community Colleges, shared with me, “The recent cuts to NSF funding pose a significant threat to programs like ours that are crucial for developing a diverse and skilled workforce. Congress must continue to fund the NSF at the levels authorized in the CHIPS & Science Act.”

NSF Regional Innovation Engines: Empowering Community Colleges in Innovation Ecosystems

Both NSF ExLENT and EPIIC have set the stage for more robust community college engagement in the NSF’s landmark CHIPS-enabled program–the Regional Innovation Engines . NSF Engines represents the broadest investment in science- and technology-based economic development in the modern era and is carrying out Congress' vision to build innovation hubs beyond existing coastal enclaves.

The NSF Director Sethuraman Panchanathan joined First Lady Jill Biden, a community college professor, to announce the inaugural NSF Engines earlier this year–not at MIT or Stanford, but at Forsyth Tech Community College in North Carolina.

Forsyth Tech President Janet Spriggs emphasized that her institution is "proud to play a pivotal role" in the Piedmont Triad Regenerative Medicine NSF Engine . All the inaugural NSF Engines include community colleges as named partners , which will support workforce needs resulting from applied R&D and technology development.

“Increased NSF funding for community college programs is essential, as it empowers institutions like ours to equip students with the skills necessary to succeed in emerging sectors. This investment in education and training benefits our students while also driving innovation and economic growth," she said.

Speaking at New America , Panchanathan underlined the importance of community colleges in training the skilled technical workforce for Engines, stating, “None of the Regional Innovation Engines will be successful if we don't have the capacity of the skilled technical workforce unleashed at full force and full scale, everywhere.”

NSF ATE: A long-standing investment in STEM education at community colleges

While NSF's new technology directorate should be applauded for its creative programs to support community college innovation and partnerships around frontier technologies, the agency's impact on the 2-year sector runs deep.

For example, since 1992, NSF’s Advanced Technological Education (ATE) program , housed in its STEM education directorate, has invested nearly $1.5 billion in more than five hundred community and technical colleges to prepare the skilled technical workforce across STEM industries.

During the program's 30th anniversary celebration last year, Walter Bumphus, President and CEO of the American Association of Community Colleges, remarked that among the trade group's relationships, "we don’t have a partnership any more significant than with ATE and NSF ."

“Through NSF’s Advanced Technological Education program, Columbus State has partnered with employers to develop leading-edge programs in information technology, advanced manufacturing, and clean energy,” David Harrison, President of Columbus State Community College, told me. Harrison serves as the community college representative on NSF's STEM education directorate’s advisory committee .

“Increased funding for the National Science Foundation, as called for in the CHIPS Act, would be transformational to support the growth of new industries and empower colleges like ours to support the workforce priorities of their communities," said Harrison.

Congressional appropriators should act and follow through on funding for the NSF at CHIPS Act levels.

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• Copy URL https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/fact-checking-warnings-from-democrats-about-project-2025-and-donald-trump

Fact-checking warnings from Democrats about Project 2025 and Donald Trump

This fact check originally appeared on PolitiFact .

Project 2025 has a starring role in this week’s Democratic National Convention.

And it was front and center on Night 1.

WATCH: Hauling large copy of Project 2025, Michigan state Sen. McMorrow speaks at 2024 DNC

“This is Project 2025,” Michigan state Sen. Mallory McMorrow, D-Royal Oak, said as she laid a hardbound copy of the 900-page document on the lectern. “Over the next four nights, you are going to hear a lot about what is in this 900-page document. Why? Because this is the Republican blueprint for a second Trump term.”

Vice President Kamala Harris, the Democratic presidential nominee, has warned Americans about “Trump’s Project 2025” agenda — even though former President Donald Trump doesn’t claim the conservative presidential transition document.

“Donald Trump wants to take our country backward,” Harris said July 23 in Milwaukee. “He and his extreme Project 2025 agenda will weaken the middle class. Like, we know we got to take this seriously, and can you believe they put that thing in writing?”

Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz, Harris’ running mate, has joined in on the talking point.

“Don’t believe (Trump) when he’s playing dumb about this Project 2025. He knows exactly what it’ll do,” Walz said Aug. 9 in Glendale, Arizona.

Trump’s campaign has worked to build distance from the project, which the Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank, led with contributions from dozens of conservative groups.

Much of the plan calls for extensive executive-branch overhauls and draws on both long-standing conservative principles, such as tax cuts, and more recent culture war issues. It lays out recommendations for disbanding the Commerce and Education departments, eliminating certain climate protections and consolidating more power to the president.

Project 2025 offers a sweeping vision for a Republican-led executive branch, and some of its policies mirror Trump’s 2024 agenda, But Harris and her presidential campaign have at times gone too far in describing what the project calls for and how closely the plans overlap with Trump’s campaign.

PolitiFact researched Harris’ warnings about how the plan would affect reproductive rights, federal entitlement programs and education, just as we did for President Joe Biden’s Project 2025 rhetoric. Here’s what the project does and doesn’t call for, and how it squares with Trump’s positions.

Are Trump and Project 2025 connected?

To distance himself from Project 2025 amid the Democratic attacks, Trump wrote on Truth Social that he “knows nothing” about it and has “no idea” who is in charge of it. (CNN identified at least 140 former advisers from the Trump administration who have been involved.)

The Heritage Foundation sought contributions from more than 100 conservative organizations for its policy vision for the next Republican presidency, which was published in 2023.

Project 2025 is now winding down some of its policy operations, and director Paul Dans, a former Trump administration official, is stepping down, The Washington Post reported July 30. Trump campaign managers Susie Wiles and Chris LaCivita denounced the document.

WATCH: A look at the Project 2025 plan to reshape government and Trump’s links to its authors

However, Project 2025 contributors include a number of high-ranking officials from Trump’s first administration, including former White House adviser Peter Navarro and former Housing and Urban Development Secretary Ben Carson.

A recently released recording of Russell Vought, a Project 2025 author and the former director of Trump’s Office of Management and Budget, showed Vought saying Trump’s “very supportive of what we do.” He said Trump was only distancing himself because Democrats were making a bogeyman out of the document.

Project 2025 wouldn’t ban abortion outright, but would curtail access

The Harris campaign shared a graphic on X that claimed “Trump’s Project 2025 plan for workers” would “go after birth control and ban abortion nationwide.”

The plan doesn’t call to ban abortion nationwide, though its recommendations could curtail some contraceptives and limit abortion access.

What’s known about Trump’s abortion agenda neither lines up with Harris’ description nor Project 2025’s wish list.

Project 2025 says the Department of Health and Human Services Department should “return to being known as the Department of Life by explicitly rejecting the notion that abortion is health care.”

It recommends that the Food and Drug Administration reverse its 2000 approval of mifepristone, the first pill taken in a two-drug regimen for a medication abortion. Medication is the most common form of abortion in the U.S. — accounting for around 63 percent in 2023.

If mifepristone were to remain approved, Project 2025 recommends new rules, such as cutting its use from 10 weeks into pregnancy to seven. It would have to be provided to patients in person — part of the group’s efforts to limit access to the drug by mail. In June, the U.S. Supreme Court rejected a legal challenge to mifepristone’s FDA approval over procedural grounds.

WATCH: Trump’s plans for health care and reproductive rights if he returns to White House The manual also calls for the Justice Department to enforce the 1873 Comstock Act on mifepristone, which bans the mailing of “obscene” materials. Abortion access supporters fear that a strict interpretation of the law could go further to ban mailing the materials used in procedural abortions, such as surgical instruments and equipment.

The plan proposes withholding federal money from states that don’t report to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention how many abortions take place within their borders. The plan also would prohibit abortion providers, such as Planned Parenthood, from receiving Medicaid funds. It also calls for the Department of Health and Human Services to ensure that the training of medical professionals, including doctors and nurses, omits abortion training.

The document says some forms of emergency contraception — particularly Ella, a pill that can be taken within five days of unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy — should be excluded from no-cost coverage. The Affordable Care Act requires most private health insurers to cover recommended preventive services, which involves a range of birth control methods, including emergency contraception.

Trump has recently said states should decide abortion regulations and that he wouldn’t block access to contraceptives. Trump said during his June 27 debate with Biden that he wouldn’t ban mifepristone after the Supreme Court “approved” it. But the court rejected the lawsuit based on standing, not the case’s merits. He has not weighed in on the Comstock Act or said whether he supports it being used to block abortion medication, or other kinds of abortions.

Project 2025 doesn’t call for cutting Social Security, but proposes some changes to Medicare

“When you read (Project 2025),” Harris told a crowd July 23 in Wisconsin, “you will see, Donald Trump intends to cut Social Security and Medicare.”

The Project 2025 document does not call for Social Security cuts. None of its 10 references to Social Security addresses plans for cutting the program.

Harris also misleads about Trump’s Social Security views.

In his earlier campaigns and before he was a politician, Trump said about a half-dozen times that he’s open to major overhauls of Social Security, including cuts and privatization. More recently, in a March 2024 CNBC interview, Trump said of entitlement programs such as Social Security, “There’s a lot you can do in terms of entitlements, in terms of cutting.” However, he quickly walked that statement back, and his CNBC comment stands at odds with essentially everything else Trump has said during the 2024 presidential campaign.

Trump’s campaign website says that not “a single penny” should be cut from Social Security. We rated Harris’ claim that Trump intends to cut Social Security Mostly False.

Project 2025 does propose changes to Medicare, including making Medicare Advantage, the private insurance offering in Medicare, the “default” enrollment option. Unlike Original Medicare, Medicare Advantage plans have provider networks and can also require prior authorization, meaning that the plan can approve or deny certain services. Original Medicare plans don’t have prior authorization requirements.

The manual also calls for repealing health policies enacted under Biden, such as the Inflation Reduction Act. The law enabled Medicare to negotiate with drugmakers for the first time in history, and recently resulted in an agreement with drug companies to lower the prices of 10 expensive prescriptions for Medicare enrollees.

Trump, however, has said repeatedly during the 2024 presidential campaign that he will not cut Medicare.

Project 2025 would eliminate the Education Department, which Trump supports

The Harris campaign said Project 2025 would “eliminate the U.S. Department of Education” — and that’s accurate. Project 2025 says federal education policy “should be limited and, ultimately, the federal Department of Education should be eliminated.” The plan scales back the federal government’s role in education policy and devolves the functions that remain to other agencies.

Aside from eliminating the department, the project also proposes scrapping the Biden administration’s Title IX revision, which prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. It also would let states opt out of federal education programs and calls for passing a federal parents’ bill of rights similar to ones passed in some Republican-led state legislatures.

Republicans, including Trump, have pledged to close the department, which gained its status in 1979 within Democratic President Jimmy Carter’s presidential Cabinet.

In one of his Agenda 47 policy videos, Trump promised to close the department and “to send all education work and needs back to the states.” Eliminating the department would have to go through Congress.

What Project 2025, Trump would do on overtime pay

In the graphic, the Harris campaign says Project 2025 allows “employers to stop paying workers for overtime work.”

The plan doesn’t call for banning overtime wages. It recommends changes to some Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA, regulations and to overtime rules. Some changes, if enacted, could result in some people losing overtime protections, experts told us.

The document proposes that the Labor Department maintain an overtime threshold “that does not punish businesses in lower-cost regions (e.g., the southeast United States).” This threshold is the amount of money executive, administrative or professional employees need to make for an employer to exempt them from overtime pay under the Fair Labor Standards Act.

In 2019, the Trump’s administration finalized a rule that expanded overtime pay eligibility to most salaried workers earning less than about $35,568, which it said made about 1.3 million more workers eligible for overtime pay. The Trump-era threshold is high enough to cover most line workers in lower-cost regions, Project 2025 said.

The Biden administration raised that threshold to $43,888 beginning July 1, and that will rise to $58,656 on Jan. 1, 2025. That would grant overtime eligibility to about 4 million workers, the Labor Department said.

It’s unclear how many workers Project 2025’s proposal to return to the Trump-era overtime threshold in some parts of the country would affect, but experts said some would presumably lose the right to overtime wages.

Other overtime proposals in Project 2025’s plan include allowing some workers to choose to accumulate paid time off instead of overtime pay, or to work more hours in one week and fewer in the next, rather than receive overtime.

Trump’s past with overtime pay is complicated. In 2016, the Obama administration said it would raise the overtime to salaried workers earning less than $47,476 a year, about double the exemption level set in 2004 of $23,660 a year.

But when a judge blocked the Obama rule, the Trump administration didn’t challenge the court ruling. Instead it set its own overtime threshold, which raised the amount, but by less than Obama.

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