: “What are the factors influencing employee job satisfaction and turnover intentions in the hospitality industry during the COVID-19 pandemic?”
: “What is the favorite color of employees in the hospitality industry?”
The good research question addresses a timely and relevant issue (employee job satisfaction and turnover intentions) within the context of a specific industry (hospitality) and a current global event (COVID-19 pandemic). In contrast, the bad research question focuses on a trivial aspect (favorite color) that is unrelated to the field of study and lacks relevance or significance.
Understanding research questions is essential for any successful research endeavor. We’ve explored the various research questions – quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods – each with unique characteristics and purposes.
Through various examples, tips, and strategies, we’ve seen how research questions can be tailored to specific fields of study.
By following these guidelines, we are confident that your research questions will be well-designed, focused, and capable of yielding valuable insights.
What are some good research question examples.
Good research questions are clear, specific, relevant, and feasible. For example, “How does childhood trauma influence the development of personality disorders in adulthood?”
Good research questions are focused and relevant, such as “What factors influence employee job satisfaction in the hospitality industry?” Bad research questions are vague or trivial, like “What is the favorite color of employees in the hospitality industry?”
Watch: How to Create a Survey Using ProProfs Survey Maker
About the author
Shivani Dubey
Shivani Dubey is a seasoned writer and editor specializing in Customer Experience Management. She covers customer feedback management, emerging UX and CX trends, transformative strategies, and experience design dos and don'ts. Shivani is passionate about helping businesses unlock insights to improve products, services, and overall customer experience.
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So, you've got a research grant in your sights or you've been admitted to your school of choice, and you now have to write up a proposal for the work you want to perform. You know your topic, have done some reading, and you've got a nice quiet place where nobody will bother you while you try to decide where you'll go from here. The question looms:
Your research question will be your focus, the sentence you refer to when you need to remember why you're researching. It will encapsulate what drives you and be something your field needs an answer for but doesn't have yet.
Whether it seeks to describe a phenomenon, compare things, or show how one variable influences another, a research question always does the same thing: it guides research that will be judged based on how well it addresses the question.
So, what makes a research question good or bad? This article will provide examples of good and bad research questions and use them to illustrate both of their common characteristics so that you can evaluate your research question and improve it to suit your needs.
At the start of your research paper, you might be wondering, "What is a good research question?"
A good research question focuses on one researchable problem relevant to your subject area.
To write a research paper , first make sure you have a strong, relevant topic. Then, conduct some preliminary research around that topic. It's important to complete these two initial steps because your research question will be formulated based on this research.
With this in mind, let's review the steps that help us write good research questions.
When selecting a topic to form a good research question, it helps to start broad. What topics interest you most? It helps when you care about the topic you're researching!
Have you seen a movie recently that you enjoyed? How about a news story? If you can't think of anything, research different topics on Google to see which ones intrigue you the most and can apply to your assignment.
Also, before settling on a research topic, make sure it's relevant to your subject area or to society as a whole. This is an important aspect of developing your research question, because, in general, your research should add value to existing knowledge .
Now that you've chosen a broad but relevant topic for your paper, research it thoroughly to see which avenues you might want to explore further.
For example, let's say you decide on the broad topic of search engines. During this research phase, try skimming through sources that are unbiased, current, and relevant, such as academic journals or sources in your university library.
Check out: 21 Legit Research Databases for Free Articles in 2022
Pay close attention to the subtopics that come up during research, such as the following: Which search engines are the most commonly used? Why do some search engines dominate specific regions? How do they really work or affect the research of scientists and scholars?
Be on the lookout for any gaps or limitations in the research. Identifying the groups or demographics that are most affected by your topic is also helpful, in case that's relevant to your work.
Now that you've spent some time researching your broad topic, it's time to narrow it down to one specific subject. A topic like search engines is much too broad to develop a research paper around. What specifically about search engines could you explore?
When refining your topic, be careful not to be either too narrow or too broad. You can ask yourself the following questions during this phase:
Can I cover this topic within the scope of my paper, or would it require longer, heavier research? (In this case, you'd need to be more specific.)
Conversely, is there not enough research about my topic to write a paper? (In this case, you'd need to be broader.)
Keep these things in mind as you narrow down your topic. You can always expand your topic later if you have the time and research materials.
When narrowing down your topic, it helps to identify a single issue or problem on which to base your research. Ask open-ended questions, such as why is this topic important to you or others? Essentially, have you identified the answer to "so what"?
For example, after asking these questions about our search engine topic, we might focus only on the issue of how search engines affect research in a specific field. Or, more specifically, how search engine algorithms manipulate search results and prevent us from finding the critical research we need.
Asking these "so what" questions will help us brainstorm examples of research questions we can ask in our field of study.
Now that you have your main issue or problem, it's time to write your research question. Do this by reviewing your topic's big problem and formulating a question that your research will answer.
For example, ask, "so what?" about your search engine topic. You might realize that the bigger issue is that you, as a researcher, aren't getting the relevant information you need from search engines.
How can we use this information to develop a research question? We might phrase the research question as follows:
"What effect does the Google search engine algorithm have on online research conducted in the field of neuroscience?"
Note how specific we were with the type of search engine, the field of study, and the research method. It's also important to remember that your research question should not have an easy yes or no answer. It should be a question with a complex answer that can be discovered through research and analysis.
Hire an expert academic editor , or get a free sample, how to find good research topics for your research.
It can be fun to browse a myriad of research topics for your paper, but there are a few important things to keep in mind.
First, make sure you've understood your assignment. You don't want to pick a topic that's not relevant to the assignment goal. Your instructor can offer good topic suggestions as well, so if you get stuck, ask them!
Next, try to search for a broad topic that interests you. Starting broad gives you more options to work with. Some research topic examples include infectious diseases, European history, and smartphones .
Then, after some research, narrow your topic to something specific by extracting a single element from that subject. This could be a current issue on that topic, a major question circulating around that topic, or a specific region or group of people affected by that topic.
It's important that your research topic is focused. Focus lets you clearly demonstrate your understanding of the topic with enough details and examples to fit the scope of your project.
For example, if Jane Austen is your research topic, that might be too broad for a five-page paper! However, you could narrow it down to a single book by Austen or a specific perspective.
To keep your research topic focused, try creating a mind map. This is where you put your broad topic in a circle and create a few circles around it with similar ideas that you uncovered during your research.
Mind maps can help you visualize the connections between topics and subtopics. This could help you simplify the process of eliminating broad or uninteresting topics or help you identify new relationships between topics that you didn't previously notice.
Keeping your research topic focused will help you when it comes to writing your research question!
A researchable question should have enough available sources to fill the scope of your project without being overwhelming. If you find that the research is never-ending, you're going to be very disappointed at the end of your paper—because you won't be able to fit everything in! If you are in this fix, your research question is still too broad.
Search for your research topic's keywords in trusted sources such as journals, research databases , or dissertations in your university library. Then, assess whether the research you're finding is feasible and realistic to use.
If there's too much material out there, narrow down your topic by industry, region, or demographic. Conversely, if you don't find enough research on your topic, you'll need to go broader. Try choosing two works by two different authors instead of one, or try choosing three poems by a single author instead of one.
Make sure that the topic for your research question is a reasonable one to pursue. This means it's something that can be completed within your timeframe and offers a new perspective on the research.
Research topics often end up being summaries of a topic, but that's not the goal. You're looking for a way to add something relevant and new to the topic you're exploring. To do so, here are two ways to uncover strong, reasonable research topics as you conduct your preliminary research:
Check the ends of journal articles for sections with questions for further discussion. These make great research topics because they haven't been explored!
Check the sources of articles in your research. What points are they bringing up? Is there anything new worth exploring? Sometimes, you can use sources to expand your research and more effectively narrow your topic.
For your research topic to stand on its own, it should be specific. This means that it shouldn't be easily mistaken for another topic that's already been written about.
If you are writing about a topic that has been written about, such as consumer trust, it should be distinct from everything that's been written about consumer trust so far.
There is already a lot of research done on consumer trust in specific products or services in the US. Your research topic could focus on consumer trust in products and services in a different region, such as a developing country.
If your research feels similar to existing articles, make sure to drive home the differences.
Whether it's developed for a thesis or another assignment, a good research topic question should be complex enough to let you expand on it within the scope of your paper.
For example, let's say you took our advice on researching a topic you were interested in, and that topic was a new Bridezilla reality show. But when you began to research it, you couldn't find enough information on it, or worse, you couldn't find anything scholarly.
In short, Bridezilla reality shows aren't complex enough to build your paper on. Instead of broadening the topic to all reality TV shows, which might be too overwhelming, you might consider choosing a topic about wedding reality TV shows specifically.
This would open you up to more research that could be complex enough to write a paper on without being too overwhelming or narrow.
Because research papers aim to contribute to existing research that's already been explored, the relevance of your topic within your subject area can't be understated.
Your research topic should be relevant enough to advance understanding in a specific area of study and build on what's already been researched. It shouldn't duplicate research or try to add to it in an irrelevant way.
For example, you wouldn't choose a research topic like malaria transmission in Northern Siberia if the mosquito that transmits malaria lives in Africa. This research topic simply isn't relevant to the typical location where malaria is transmitted, and the research could be considered a waste of resources.
The art and science of asking questions is the source of all knowledge.
–Thomas Berger
First, a bit of clarification: While there are constants among research questions, no matter what you're writing about, you will use different standards for the humanities and social sciences than for hard sciences, such as chemistry. The former depends on subjectivity and the perspective of the researcher, while the latter requires answers that must be empirically tested and replicable.
For instance, if you research Charles Dickens' writing influences, you will have to explain your stance and observations to the reader before supporting them with evidence. If you research improvements in superconductivity in room-temperature material, the reader will not only need to understand and believe you but also duplicate your work to confirm that you are correct.
Research questions help you clarify the path your research will take. They are answered in your research paper and usually stated in the introduction.
There are two main types of research—qualitative and quantitative.
If you're conducting quantitative research, it means you're collecting numerical, quantifiable data that can be measured, such as statistical information.
Qualitative research aims to understand experiences or phenomena, so you're collecting and analyzing non-numerical data, such as case studies or surveys.
The structure and content of your research question will change depending on the type of research you're doing. However, the definition and goal of a research question remains the same: a specific, relevant, and focused inquiry that your research answers.
Below, we'll explore research question examples for different types of research.
Comparative research questions are designed to determine whether two or more groups differ based on a dependent variable. These questions allow researchers to uncover similarities and differences between the groups tested.
Because they compare two groups with a dependent variable, comparative research questions usually start with "What is the difference in…"
A strong comparative research question example might be the following:
"What is the difference in the daily caloric intake of American men and women?" ( Source .)
In the above example, the dependent variable is daily caloric intake and the two groups are American men and women.
A poor comparative research example might not aim to explore the differences between two groups or it could be too easily answered, as in the following example:
"Does daily caloric intake affect American men and women?"
Always ensure that your comparative research question is focused on a comparison between two groups based on a dependent variable.
Descriptive research questions help you gather data about measurable variables. Typically, researchers asking descriptive research questions aim to explain how, why, or what.
These research questions tend to start with the following:
What percentage?
How likely?
What proportion?
For example, a good descriptive research question might be as follows:
"What percentage of college students have felt depressed in the last year?" ( Source .)
A poor descriptive research question wouldn't be as precise. This might be something similar to the following:
"What percentage of teenagers felt sad in the last year?"
The above question is too vague, and the data would be overwhelming, given the number of teenagers in the world. Keep in mind that specificity is key when it comes to research questions!
Correlational research measures the statistical relationship between two variables, with no influence from any other variable. The idea is to observe the way these variables interact with one another. If one changes, how is the other affected?
When it comes to writing a correlational research question, remember that it's all about relationships. Your research would encompass the relational effects of one variable on the other.
For example, having an education (variable one) might positively or negatively correlate with the rate of crime (variable two) in a specific city. An example research question for this might be written as follows:
"Is there a significant negative correlation between education level and crime rate in Los Angeles?"
A bad correlational research question might not use relationships at all. In fact, correlational research questions are often confused with causal research questions, which imply cause and effect. For example:
"How does the education level in Los Angeles influence the crime rate?"
The above question wouldn't be a good correlational research question because the relationship between Los Angeles and the crime rate is already inherent in the question—we are already assuming the education level in Los Angeles affects the crime rate in some way.
Be sure to use the right format if you're writing a correlational research question.
Ask the right questions, and the answers will always reveal themselves.
–Oprah Winfrey
If finding the right research question was easy, doing research would be much simpler. However, research does not provide useful information if the questions have easy answers (because the questions are too simple, narrow, or general) or answers that cannot be reached at all (because the questions have no possible answer, are too costly to answer, or are too broad in scope).
For a research question to meet scientific standards, its answer cannot consist solely of opinion (even if the opinion is popular or logically reasoned) and cannot simply be a description of known information.
However, an analysis of what currently exists can be valuable, provided that there is enough information to produce a useful analysis. If a scientific research question offers results that cannot be tested, measured, or duplicated, it is ineffective.
Here are examples of bad research questions with brief explanations of what makes them ineffective for the purpose of research.
"What's red and bad for your teeth?"
This question has an easy, definitive answer (a brick), is too vague (What shade of red? How bad?), and isn't productive.
"Do violent video games cause players to act violently?"
This question also requires a definitive answer (yes or no), does not invite critical analysis, and allows opinion to influence or provide the answer.
"How many people were playing balalaikas while living in Moscow on July 8, 2019?"
This question cannot be answered without expending excessive amounts of time, money, and resources. It is also far too specific. Finally, it doesn't seek new insight or information, only a number that has no conceivable purpose.
The quality of a question is not judged by its complexity but by the complexity of thinking it provokes.
–Joseph O'Connor
What makes a good research question? A good research question topic is clear and focused. If the reader has to waste time wondering what you mean, you haven't phrased it effectively.
It also needs to be interesting and relevant, encouraging the reader to come along with you as you explain how you reached an answer.
Finally, once you explain your answer, there should be room for astute or interested readers to use your question as a basis to conduct their own research. If there is nothing for you to say in your conclusion beyond "that's the truth," then you're setting up your research to be challenged.
Here are some examples of good research questions. Take a look at the reasoning behind their effectiveness.
"What are the long-term effects of using activated charcoal in place of generic toothpaste for routine dental care?"
This question is specific enough to prevent digressions, invites measurable results, and concerns information that is both useful and interesting. Testing could be conducted in a reasonable time frame, without excessive cost, and would allow other researchers to follow up, regardless of the outcome.
"Why do North American parents feel that violent video game content has a negative influence on their children?"
While this does carry an assumption, backing up that assumption with observable proof will allow for analysis of the question, provide insight on a significant subject, and give readers something to build on in future research.
It also discusses a topic that is recognizably relevant. (In 2022, at least. If you are reading this article in the future, there might already be an answer to this question that requires further analysis or testing!)
"To what extent has Alexey Arkhipovsky's 2013 album, Insomnia , influenced gender identification in Russian culture?"
While it's tightly focused, this question also presents an assumption (that the music influenced gender identification) and seeks to prove or disprove it. This allows for the possibilities that the music had no influence at all or had a demonstrable impact.
Answering the question will involve explaining the context and using many sources so that the reader can follow the logic and be convinced of the author's findings. The results (be they positive or negative) will also open the door to countless other studies.
If something is wrong, fix it if you can. But train yourself not to worry. Worry never fixes anything.
–Ernest Hemingway
How do you turn something that won't help your research into something that will? Start by taking a step back and asking what you are expected to produce. While there are any number of fascinating subjects out there, a grant paying you to examine income disparity in Japan is not going to warrant an in-depth discussion of South American farming pollution.
Use these expectations to frame your initial topic and the subject that your research should be about, and then conduct preliminary research into that subject. If you spot a knowledge gap while researching, make a note of it, and add it to your list of possible questions.
If you already have a question that is relevant to your topic but has flaws, identify the issues and see if they can be addressed. In addition, if your question is too broad, try to narrow it down enough to make your research feasible.
Especially in the sciences, if your research question will not produce results that can be replicated, determine how you can change it so a reader can look at what you've done and go about repeating your actions so they can see that you are right.
Moreover, if you would need 20 years to produce results, consider whether there is a way to tighten things up to produce more immediate results. This could justify future research that will eventually reach that lofty goal.
If all else fails, you can use the flawed question as a subtopic and try to find a better question that fits your goals and expectations.
When you have your early work edited, don't be surprised if you are told that your research question requires revision. Quite often, results or the lack thereof can force a researcher to shift their focus and examine a less significant topic—or a different facet of a known issue—because testing did not produce the expected result.
If that happens, take heart. You now have the tools to assess your question, find its flaws, and repair them so that you can complete your research with confidence and publish something you know your audience will read with fascination.
Of course, if you receive affirmation that your research question is strong or are polishing your work before submitting it to a publisher, you might just need a final proofread to ensure that your confidence is well placed. Then, you can start pursuing something new that the world does not yet know (but will know) once you have your research question down.
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One of the hardest parts of writing a research paper can be just finding a good topic to write about. Fortunately we've done the hard work for you and have compiled a list of 113 interesting research paper topics. They've been organized into ten categories and cover a wide range of subjects so you can easily find the best topic for you.
In addition to the list of good research topics, we've included advice on what makes a good research paper topic and how you can use your topic to start writing a great paper.
Not all research paper topics are created equal, and you want to make sure you choose a great topic before you start writing. Below are the three most important factors to consider to make sure you choose the best research paper topics.
A paper is always easier to write if you're interested in the topic, and you'll be more motivated to do in-depth research and write a paper that really covers the entire subject. Even if a certain research paper topic is getting a lot of buzz right now or other people seem interested in writing about it, don't feel tempted to make it your topic unless you genuinely have some sort of interest in it as well.
Even if you come up with the absolute best research paper topic and you're so excited to write about it, you won't be able to produce a good paper if there isn't enough research about the topic. This can happen for very specific or specialized topics, as well as topics that are too new to have enough research done on them at the moment. Easy research paper topics will always be topics with enough information to write a full-length paper.
Trying to write a research paper on a topic that doesn't have much research on it is incredibly hard, so before you decide on a topic, do a bit of preliminary searching and make sure you'll have all the information you need to write your paper.
Don't get so carried away looking at lists of research paper topics that you forget any requirements or restrictions your teacher may have put on research topic ideas. If you're writing a research paper on a health-related topic, deciding to write about the impact of rap on the music scene probably won't be allowed, but there may be some sort of leeway. For example, if you're really interested in current events but your teacher wants you to write a research paper on a history topic, you may be able to choose a topic that fits both categories, like exploring the relationship between the US and North Korea. No matter what, always get your research paper topic approved by your teacher first before you begin writing.
Below are 113 good research topics to help you get you started on your paper. We've organized them into ten categories to make it easier to find the type of research paper topics you're looking for.
Even great research paper topics won't give you a great research paper if you don't hone your topic before and during the writing process. Follow these three tips to turn good research paper topics into great papers.
Before you start writing a single word of your paper, you first need to know what your thesis will be. Your thesis is a statement that explains what you intend to prove/show in your paper. Every sentence in your research paper will relate back to your thesis, so you don't want to start writing without it!
As some examples, if you're writing a research paper on if students learn better in same-sex classrooms, your thesis might be "Research has shown that elementary-age students in same-sex classrooms score higher on standardized tests and report feeling more comfortable in the classroom."
If you're writing a paper on the causes of the Civil War, your thesis might be "While the dispute between the North and South over slavery is the most well-known cause of the Civil War, other key causes include differences in the economies of the North and South, states' rights, and territorial expansion."
Remember, this is a research paper you're writing, so you'll need to use lots of research to make your points. Every statement you give must be backed up with research, properly cited the way your teacher requested. You're allowed to include opinions of your own, but they must also be supported by the research you give.
You don't want to start writing your research paper and then learn that there isn't enough research to back up the points you're making, or, even worse, that the research contradicts the points you're trying to make!
Get most of your research on your good research topics done before you begin writing. Then use the research you've collected to create a rough outline of what your paper will cover and the key points you're going to make. This will help keep your paper clear and organized, and it'll ensure you have enough research to produce a strong paper.
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Research is a key part of student life, but deciding which topic to research can take time and effort. The right research topic typically aligns with your skills and interests, has current relevance, and can positively impact the world.
In this article, you’ll find some helpful examples to help you get started.
Research topics enable students to drill down into a specific aspect of a subject to broaden their knowledge and share learnings with others. They are typically used to make discoveries or develop fresh viewpoints.
A research topic defines the specific theme that research will be conducted around. It’s essential for providing a key focus for the work to be completed. Ultimately, it defines a core problem or knowledge gap that needs to be solved.
A clear topic helps define what is being studied and how that information will be communicated to others.
A research topic is a broad theme of focus that requires further investigation. It’s the project’s overall subject—an aspect of which will be studied.
A research topic example could be “The effects of meditation on stress reduction.”
A research question is a specific inquiry that researchers want to investigate and answer to broaden their knowledge and make new discoveries. Research questions are much more specific, focusing on a very small aspect of the overall topic.
The right research question will specifically set out what is being researched so there is no ambiguity.
Here’s an example of a research question within the topic: “How does meditation impact stress, anxiety, and burnout in the workplace?”
Here are the characteristics that make some topics more favorable and useful than others:
Clarity: a helpful research topic should be clearly understood to ensure the integrity of the research. It should be clear to the student and mentor/professor what the topic is and how it will be explored.
Originality: answering questions that have already been researched and answered many times before could be a waste of resources. Answering original questions is key to getting the most out of research. This might involve researching topics that have already been covered from a different angle or exploring an entirely new topic.
Relevance: it’s helpful to ensure that a research topic is related to your expertise and your access to resources. This will ensure that the research topic is relevant to you.
Ethical : ethics should always be considered when conducting research. Your research shouldn’t cause physical or mental harm to any participants. You should also consider animal and environmental ethics.
With so many topics to choose from, selecting a topic for your research paper can be overwhelming. That’s why it’s a good idea to consider these three points to make the best choice:
Being interested and experienced in a particular field will make the research more interesting, relevant, and straightforward to conduct.
Your interest will mean you’re committed and motivated to discover the answer to your research question. Being personally engaged also makes the process more enjoyable.
One caveat to keep in mind is the potential for bias. If you are invested in the research having a particular result, you must ensure it’s accurate, double-checked, and reviewed by an impartial party.
Your research project might fail if you don’t have access to sufficient information and resources. There needs to be enough information to gain deep insights into the research at hand.
Consider the resources you have within your project limits. If your research has funding, carefully work out what that funding could be used for. If not, you may need to consider research that you’ll be able to complete with access to public records and other free resources.
Timings, finances, access to participants, and publicly accessible information will all need to be considered before choosing the final topic to research.
You’ll need to adhere to the specific guidelines that your school, mentor, or professor have laid out. They may request that the topic be related to public interest, a currently challenging topic for the environment, or another parameter.
When considering those guidelines, make ethical considerations. Your school or university is unlikely to permit unethical research.
Even though there’s an endless range of topics to research, you might not know where to begin. Starting with background reading, mind mapping, and speaking with mentors can help mold general ideas into useful topics and questions.
Extensive reading: completing background reading of educational databases, journals, and scientific studies can help provide a good working knowledge of what is currently being researched and identify key gaps.
Social problems: current challenges on both a local and global scale can make excellent research questions. Whether it’s investigating climate change, human health, or the impact of pandemics, there’s likely to be large human interest if you research social problems and challenges. The research you conduct may even have a positive impact on the world around you.
Mind mapping: brainstorming different ideas inspired by your background reading and personal interests can lead to ideal research topics. Create a large mind map, whether in a notebook or on a whiteboard, to get all your ideas down on paper. You may be surprised at what unique ideas you come up with.
Speak to mentors: running topics over with your professor or mentor could prove very helpful. They may be able to help you refine your ideas, provide feedback on research questions, and offer useful suggestions to ensure the topic you pick is appropriate.
Here are some of the top 10 research topics and research areas for students. Whether in high school, senior high school, or college, these topics are important and relevant for students today.
You might use these ideas as starting points for your own original research topics and research questions.
Research topics in high school can promote critical thinking , personal growth, and problem-solving skills.
Some of the most relevant research topics for high schoolers revolve around social and political issues, as those are often core topics within the school curriculum. Also, students are often interested in how they can positively impact the world around them, so topics within social change and social issues are particularly relevant.
Bullying and its impacts are an interesting and relevant topic for high school students. Students may want to consider ways to mitigate bullying or explore whether bullying can affect people long-term.
Some specific research questions within the bullying topic are:
What is the evidence that parental support can alleviate the impact of bullying in schools?
What are the effects of bullying and victimization on short-term mental health?
How can we predict adolescents’ bullying participation and understand the participant roles of bullying in different grades?
With social media use prolific in the modern world, students may be particularly interested to learn about how it impacts humans. Students may want to research the effects of different social media types, ways to reduce social media use, or how social media is impacting people around the world.
Some topics within social media could be:
Is there a correlation between social media use and academic performance?
What are the effects of social media use on mental health in people aged 12–18?
How does social media use affect self-esteem in students?
Psychology is a broadly studied topic with many possible avenues for exploration. Whether you’d like to understand how the human brain works, ways to boost mental health, or treatment options in psychology, there are endless options.
Here are some of the top 10 research topics for college students in psychology:
Some specific research questions related to happiness include the following:
What are the factors driving the fear of leaning into happiness in American society?
How can practicing vulnerability reduce stress and boost happiness?
What impact does forest bathing have on overall mood scores?
With 37% of US adults more anxious in 2023 than in 2022, anxiety as a research topic is very relevant.
Below are some example research questions:
How does chronic anxiety impact people’s day-to-day lives?
What is the impact of meditation interventions on anxiety?
Is there data to support physical exercise interventions for anxiety disorders?
Scientific research covers many study fields. From biology and chemistry to physics and biochemistry, science helps researchers discover critical information about humans and our world.
Here are a few potential topics for exploration:
Given the impact of COVID-19, mitigating the risk of a future pandemic is of significant human interest. A student may look at ways to improve pandemic responses, identify future pandemics, boost vaccine adoption, and reduce the spread of misinformation.
Specific research questions include the following:
How can AI help predict future pandemics?
How does animal breeding contribute to zoonotic disease risk?
What are the key ways to identify and control a potential future pandemic before it becomes widespread?
With climate change and the planet’s health a major concern for many scientists, investigations into more environmentally friendly and renewable energy sources are of great social interest.
Here are some research questions about renewable energy to consider:
What is the economic feasibility of widespread renewable energy use across the US?
How could wind, water, and solar energy reduce global emissions?
What are the core factors preventing the widespread use of renewable energy?
Climate change impacts every person on the planet, so it can make an excellent research topic. Particularly for the younger generation, climate change is an interesting and often concerning discussion topic. Gen Z, for example, speaks much more actively about climate change both on and offline.
Some specific research questions within the climate change topic are:
What is the impact of climate change on biodiversity in the Amazon rainforest?
What impact could the use of solar power have in the US in relation to carbon emissions?
How do carbon dioxide emissions affect ocean acidity levels?
Setting out a specific argument and exploring the topic can make for interesting research. Argumentative research topics are typically related to human interest, issues that impact us on a global scale, or challenges that particular social groups face.
With rising interest in equality, researching affirmative action—designed to prevent the impacts of discrimination—is a relevant research topic for high school and college students.
Some specific questions relating to affirmative action could be:
Does affirmative action promote equality in the workplace?
What is the evidence that affirmative action is helpful in university admissions?
How has the affirmative action ban impacted the tech industry?
AI use is expanding rapidly across the globe, so there’s growing interest in its impacts and the need for ethical usage.
Some research questions relating to AI include the following:
Could AI lead to more global conflict?
Can ethical legislation reduce the risk of AI and its implementation?
How many jobs could be impacted by AI in 2025?
Human rights impact everyone on the planet, so it’s a topic that’s of continual interest.
Research in this area could cover human rights in the workplace, privacy rights, gender equality, and much more.
International human rights is a complex yet critical area of global interest. Human rights help protect people’s freedom and safety around the world.
What are ways to reduce human rights violations in conflict zones?
What is the impact of organizations such as Amnesty International on international human rights?
In what ways can governments enforce human rights globally?
With LGBTQI+ issues gaining a brighter spotlight in mainstream media, research into this area can be very beneficial, not just for those impacted by discrimination but for society as a whole.
Here are some potential research questions:
How can gender dysphoria impact transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) adolescents’ mental health and quality of life?
What are ways to boost mental health for those who experience discrimination due to their sexual orientation or gender identity?
How could genderless bathrooms increase access and safety for LGBTQI+ people?
The US has a vast and interesting history, which forms part of the curriculum in many high schools and colleges. Different aspects of this history can make relevant fields of research, such as the following:
What factors that led to the abolishment of slavery in the US are relevant in politics today?
How did the Founding Fathers shape the US political system, and what can be learned?
Why did the Louisiana Purchase have such a significant impact on US history?
Maintaining law and order in society is highly complex. Exploring how law enforcement can benefit society as a whole can be a rewarding field of study.
Some possible law enforcement topics include the following:
How can data analysis and intelligence-led policing reduce crime?
What is the role of Crisis Intervention Training in policing?
How can data improve the enforcement of cybersecurity laws?
Business is a broad area of study with many possible directions for research papers. Business drives the economy, providing jobs and industry. It’s the cornerstone of society, so research in this area is always of social interest.
Here are some possible business research topics to consider:
How can data analysis impact consumer purchasing decisions?
What are some of the key dilemmas in ethical business practices?
How can diversity and inclusion be boosted in the workforce?
Whether you choose to focus on microeconomics, macroeconomics, or applied fields, economics research can take you in many directions.
Below are some general economics paper topics:
What are the widespread impacts of the gig economy?
How can investing in female-founded businesses impact economies in developing countries?
How does progressive taxation impact income inequality?
Successful research starts with the right question, regardless of your chosen topic.
Taking time to pose a relevant and clear research question will help you discover new insights, learnings, and evidence.
Research is the very thing that drives human knowledge. Remember, your research might not just impact you but also the world and people around you.
To come up with research ideas, you might find it helpful to do some background reading, consider current social issues, lean into your skills and interests, and speak to a mentor or professor. Brainstorming and mind mapping can also help.
A good research question should be clear, relevant, original, and ethical. You should also have access to the necessary resources to perform the research thoroughly.
The right title for a research topic is clear and relevant to your field of study. Ideally, it’s an original idea and refers to the specific question you’re posing.
Qualitative research involves analyzing people’s attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors.
There are qualitative research topics across almost every field of study, including psychology, education, social sciences, human resources, technology, and healthcare.
For STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) students, qualitative research topics could revolve around social impacts and perceptions of science and technology.
Here are some examples:
How the general population views climate change
The potential social impacts of AI
How to use Big Data ethically
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Are you ready to embark on a journey into the world of quantitative research? Whether you’re a seasoned researcher or just beginning your academic journey, understanding how to formulate effective research questions is essential for conducting meaningful studies. In this blog post, we’ll explore examples of quantitative research questions across various disciplines and discuss how StatsCamp.org courses can provide the tools and support you need to overcome any challenges you may encounter along the way.
Understanding Quantitative Research Questions
Quantitative research involves collecting and analyzing numerical data to answer research questions and test hypotheses. These questions typically seek to understand the relationships between variables, predict outcomes, or compare groups. Let’s explore some examples of quantitative research questions across different fields:
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We review the basics of qualitative research questions, including their key components, how to craft them effectively, & 25 example questions.
Einstein was many things—a physicist, a philosopher, and, undoubtedly, a mastermind. He also had an incredible way with words. His quote, "Everything that can be counted does not necessarily count; everything that counts cannot necessarily be counted," is particularly poignant when it comes to research.
Some inquiries call for a quantitative approach, for counting and measuring data in order to arrive at general conclusions. Other investigations, like qualitative research, rely on deep exploration and understanding of individual cases in order to develop a greater understanding of the whole. That’s what we’re going to focus on today.
Qualitative research questions focus on the "how" and "why" of things, rather than the "what". They ask about people's experiences and perceptions , and can be used to explore a wide range of topics.
The following article will discuss the basics of qualitative research questions, including their key components, and how to craft them effectively. You'll also find 25 examples of effective qualitative research questions you can use as inspiration for your own studies.
Let’s get started!
When researchers set out to conduct a study on a certain topic, their research is chiefly directed by an overarching question . This question provides focus for the study and helps determine what kind of data will be collected.
By starting with a question, we gain parameters and objectives for our line of research. What are we studying? For what purpose? How will we know when we’ve achieved our goals?
Of course, some of these questions can be described as quantitative in nature. When a research question is quantitative, it usually seeks to measure or calculate something in a systematic way.
For example:
Other research questions, however—and the ones we will be focusing on in this article—are qualitative in nature. Qualitative research questions are open-ended and seek to explore a given topic in-depth.
According to the Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry , “Qualitative research aims to address questions concerned with developing an understanding of the meaning and experience dimensions of humans’ lives and social worlds.”
This type of research can be used to gain a better understanding of people’s thoughts, feelings and experiences by “addressing questions beyond ‘what works’, towards ‘what works for whom when, how and why, and focusing on intervention improvement rather than accreditation,” states one paper in Neurological Research and Practice .
Qualitative questions often produce rich data that can help researchers develop hypotheses for further quantitative study.
As stated by a paper in Human Reproduction , “...‘qualitative’ methods are used to answer questions about experience, meaning, and perspective, most often from the standpoint of the participant. These data are usually not amenable to counting or measuring.”
Both quantitative and qualitative questions have their uses; in fact, they often complement each other. A well-designed research study will include a mix of both types of questions in order to gain a fuller understanding of the topic at hand.
If you would like to recruit unlimited participants for qualitative research for free and only pay for the interview you conduct, try using Respondent today.
Now that we have a basic understanding of what qualitative research questions are and when they are used, let’s take a look at how you can begin crafting your own.
According to a study in the International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, there is a certain process researchers should follow when crafting their questions, which we’ll explore in more depth.
Start with a point of interest or curiosity, and pose a draft question or ‘self-question’. What do you want to know about the topic at hand? What is your specific curiosity? You may find it helpful to begin by writing several questions.
For example, if you’re interested in understanding how your customer base feels about a recent change to your product, you might ask:
At this point, narrow down the draft questions into one specific question. “Sometimes, these broader research questions are not stated as questions, but rather as goals for the study.”
As an example of this, you might narrow down these three questions:
into the following question:
As you read the relevant literature and apply theory to your research, the question should be altered to achieve better outcomes. Experts agree that pursuing a qualitative line of inquiry should open up the possibility for questioning your original theories and altering the conceptual framework with which the research began.
If we continue with the current example, it’s possible you may uncover new data that informs your research and changes your question. For instance, you may discover that customers’ feelings about the change are not just a reaction to the change itself, but also to how it was implemented. In this case, your question would need to reflect this new information:
A study in the International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education stresses that ethics are “a central issue when a researcher proposes to study the lives of others, especially marginalized populations.” Consider how your question or inquiry will affect the people it relates to—their lives and their safety. Shape your question to avoid physical, emotional, or mental upset for the focus group.
In analyzing your question from this perspective, if you feel that it may cause harm, you should consider changing the question or ending your research project. Perhaps you’ve discovered that your question encourages harmful or invasive questioning, in which case you should reformulate it.
The actual process of writing the question comes only after considering the above points. The purpose of crafting your research questions is to delve into what your study is specifically about” Remember that qualitative research questions are not trying to find the cause of an effect, but rather to explore the effect itself.
Your questions should be clear, concise, and understandable to those outside of your field. In addition, they should generate rich data. The questions you choose will also depend on the type of research you are conducting:
Whenyou have well-written questions, it is much easier to develop your research design and collect data that accurately reflects your inquiry.
In writing your questions, it may help you to refer to this simple flowchart process for constructing questions:
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It's easy enough to cover the theory of writing a qualitative research question, but sometimes it's best if you can see the process in practice. In this section, we'll list 25 examples of B2B and B2C-related qualitative questions.
Let's begin with five questions. We'll show you the question, explain why it's considered qualitative, and then give you an example of how it can be used in research.
Qualitative research questions are often open-ended and invite respondents to share their thoughts and feelings on a subject. This question is qualitative because it seeks customer feedback on the company's brand.
This question can be used in research to understand how customers feel about the company's branding, what they like and don't like about it, and whether they would recommend it to others.
This question is also qualitative because it seeks to understand the customer's motivations for purchasing a product. It can be used in research to identify the reasons customers buy a certain product, what needs or desires the product fulfills for them, and how they feel about the purchase after using the product.
Again, this question is qualitative because it seeks to understand customer behavior. In this case, it can be used in research to see how customers use the product, how they interact with it, and what emotions or thoughts the product evokes in them.
By seeking to understand customer frustrations, this question is qualitative and can provide valuable insights. It can be used in research to help identify areas in which the company needs to make improvements with its products.
Rather than asking why customers like or dislike something, this question asks how they feel. This qualitative question can provide insights into customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction with a company.
This type of question can be used in research to understand what customers think of the company's customer service and whether they feel it meets their needs.
Now that you’re aware of what makes certain questions qualitative, let's move into 20 more examples of qualitative research questions:
As you can see, these kinds of questions are completely open-ended. In a way, they allow the research and discoveries made along the way to direct the research. The questions are merely a starting point from which to explore.
Wrap-up: crafting your own qualitative research questions.
Over the course of this article, we've explored what qualitative research questions are, why they matter, and how they should be written. Hopefully you now have a clear understanding of how to craft your own.
Remember, qualitative research questions should always be designed to explore a certain experience or phenomena in-depth, in order to generate powerful insights. As you write your questions, be sure to keep the following in mind:
If you can answer "yes" to all of the questions above, and you've followed the tips for writing qualitative research questions we shared in this article, then you're well on your way to crafting powerful queries that will yield valuable insights.
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Asking the right questions in the right way is the key to research success. That’s true for not just the discussion guide but for every step of a research project. Following are 100+ questions that will take you from defining your research objective through screening and participant discussions.
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Speaker 1: In many of the college classes that rely a lot on writing, you may hear your instructors refer to something that's known as the research question, which can be kind of vague and frustrating if it's not explained very well. What is it? Why do I need it? And where do I get one? This video is going to tackle all of these questions, but first, let's break down the definition of research question. It's a clear, focused, concise, complex, and arguable question around which you center your research. Or it's just a thing that's meant to frustrate and confuse students throughout college writing. But hopefully after this video, research questions will be a little less confusing and frustrating. So why do I need a research question? Well, a research question helps you keep your research focused and on track. If you've ever had one of those experiences where you waited for the last minute to write your paper and you just all of a sudden started typing out your writing and a few hours later you read back over it and you realize, oh, this doesn't make sense, there's no clear focus, there's no clear line of thought, well, a research question will help you avoid that. But a research question is also very important because the answer to this question will actually turn into your thesis statement or the main argument of your paper. So it's important to make sure that your research question is strong. So how do I do that? Well, I'm going to walk you through a few steps that have helped me as I come up with research questions for my own writing. The first one is to find an issue that interests you. No matter what class you're in, try to find a way to connect that class to something that you're already interested in. Say you're in a psych class but you want to be a vet. Well, you could look at how pets affect our psychological health. Maybe you're a women's studies major and you're in a computer science class and you want to know why there aren't more women in technology-related fields. Or maybe you're an early childhood education major and you're in a nutrition class. Well, you could explore childhood obesity and how to avoid it. Step two, explore this issue. Just do a quick Google search. For the purpose of this video, I'm actually going to look at the issue of women and how few of them are actually in computer-related fields. This is an issue that I'm really interested in. So if I do a quick search on Google with these terms, I come across as my first hit a Wikipedia article, which I can't use to cite in my paper as a credible source, but it is a great place to start for ideas. And in this article, I found this really interesting quote that tells me that even though teenage girls are using computers at the same rate as teenage guys, they're still much less likely to consider a degree in a technology-related field. Well, I want to know why that is. So I start asking questions about it. I start asking, well, is it important for women to pursue computer-related jobs and why? Why are there so few girls with computer-related degrees? How can we encourage girls to be more involved in computer technology? And who else cares about this issue? Why is it important? Step four, start refining and focusing my question. Just because I have a research question doesn't necessarily mean it's a good question. So we're going to go through a couple of bad questions and talk about how to make them better. Let's start with this question. When did the first woman graduate with a degree in computer science? This isn't such a great question because there's really only one answer to this. There is no way to argue or defend or explore this question very well. A better question would be when, during their college career, do girls usually drop out of computer science programs, and how can we prevent this from happening? This is a question that I can actually explore and then take a stance or position on and then defend. Another bad question is, why do girls hate computers? Well, there's several reasons why this is a bad question. One of them is it's pretty general. It's blanketly stating that all girls hate computers, which isn't necessarily true. There's also really no way to explore or actually defend a feeling. You can't really tell me why girls hate computers. This isn't a question I can actually research. A better question is, why are girls dropping out of computer science programs at higher rates than guys? This is an issue I can dig into. I can come to an opinion on and then defend. So as you start coming up with and exploring research questions of your own, here are a few closing rules of thumbs to remember. One, avoid yes or no questions. Ask questions that might have multiple answers or opinions. This leads us to question two. If you don't ask yes or no questions, you'll start coming up with questions that require you to explain or defend your answer. They'll make you take a stance, which is what you're looking to do in college papers. And then finally, three, ask a question that can be tackled within your page limit. Don't pick a question that is so broad that you find yourself going on and on and on and overreaching your page limit. Find something that's manageable and that's small enough that you can actually answer in the page limit that you're given by your instructors. Now follow these rules, follow these guidelines, and hopefully coming up with research questions The next time you have to do this, it'll be a little simpler and a little less frustrating.
170+ Research Ideas To Fast-Track Your Dissertation, Thesis Or Research Project
I f you’re just starting out exploring education-related topics for your dissertation, thesis or research project, you’ve come to the right place. In this post, we’ll help kickstart your research topic ideation process by providing a hearty list of research topics and ideas , including examples from actual dissertations and theses..
PS – This is just the start…
We know it’s exciting to run through a list of research topics, but please keep in mind that this list is just a starting point . To develop a suitable education-related research topic, you’ll need to identify a clear and convincing research gap , and a viable plan of action to fill that gap.
If this sounds foreign to you, check out our free research topic webinar that explores how to find and refine a high-quality research topic, from scratch. Alternatively, if you’d like hands-on help, consider our 1-on-1 coaching service .
Below you’ll find a list of education-related research topics and idea kickstarters. These are fairly broad and flexible to various contexts, so keep in mind that you will need to refine them a little. Nevertheless, they should inspire some ideas for your project.
Looking for research topics for a specific level of education? We’ve got you covered. Below you can find research topic ideas for primary, secondary and tertiary-level education contexts. Click the relevant level to view the respective list.
Primary education.
While the ideas we’ve presented above are a decent starting point for finding a research topic in education, they are fairly generic and non-specific. So, it helps to look at actual dissertations and theses in the education space to see how this all comes together in practice.
Below, we’ve included a selection of education-related research projects to help refine your thinking. These are actual dissertations and theses, written as part of Master’s and PhD-level programs, so they can provide some useful insight as to what a research topic looks like in practice.
As you can see, these research topics are a lot more focused than the generic topic ideas we presented earlier. So, in order for you to develop a high-quality research topic, you’ll need to get specific and laser-focused on a specific context with specific variables of interest. In the video below, we explore some other important things you’ll need to consider when crafting your research topic.
If you’re still unsure about how to find a quality research topic within education, check out our Research Topic Kickstarter service, which is the perfect starting point for developing a unique, well-justified research topic.
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I am PhD student, I am searching my Research topic, It should be innovative,my area of interest is online education,use of technology in education
request suggestion on topic in masters in medical education .
Look at British Library as they keep a copy of all PhDs in the UK Core.ac.uk to access Open University and 6 other university e-archives, pdf downloads mostly available, all free.
May I also ask for a topic based on mathematics education for college teaching, please?
Please I am a masters student of the department of Teacher Education, Faculty of Education Please I am in need of proposed project topics to help with my final year thesis
Am a PhD student in Educational Foundations would like a sociological topic. Thank
please i need a proposed thesis project regardging computer science
Greetings and Regards I am a doctoral student in the field of philosophy of education. I am looking for a new topic for my thesis. Because of my work in the elementary school, I am looking for a topic that is from the field of elementary education and is related to the philosophy of education.
Masters student in the field of curriculum, any ideas of a research topic on low achiever students
In the field of curriculum any ideas of a research topic on deconalization in contextualization of digital teaching and learning through in higher education
Amazing guidelines
I am a graduate with two masters. 1) Master of arts in religious studies and 2) Master in education in foundations of education. I intend to do a Ph.D. on my second master’s, however, I need to bring both masters together through my Ph.D. research. can I do something like, ” The contribution of Philosophy of education for a quality religion education in Kenya”? kindly, assist and be free to suggest a similar topic that will bring together the two masters. thanks in advance
Hi, I am an Early childhood trainer as well as a researcher, I need more support on this topic: The impact of early childhood education on later academic success.
I’m a student in upper level secondary school and I need your support in this research topics: “Impact of incorporating project -based learning in teaching English language skills in secondary schools”.
Although research activities and topics should stem from reflection on one’s practice, I found this site valuable as it effectively addressed many issues we have been experiencing as practitioners.
Your style is unique in comparison to other folks I’ve read stuff from. Thanks for posting when you have the opportunity, Guess I will just book mark this site.
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Understanding university students’ foreign language learning attitudes: an analysis based on stereotypes.
2. conceptual framework, 3. research importance and aim.
4.2. universe and sample, 4.3. data collection tools, 4.4. data collection and analysis, 5. findings, 6. discussion, 7. conclusions, author contributions, institutional review board statement, informed consent statement, data availability statement, conflicts of interest, appendix a. scale for stereotyped thoughts about foreign languages.
Overgeneralisation | 6. I cannot learn a foreign language because I have no background knowledge 7. I think that I will always make a mistake in a foreign language. |
Exchanging effort | 38. I encourage people around me to learn a foreign language. 43. I try to make my friends realise the importance of knowing a foreign language. |
Wish to goodness | 52. I wish I had spent more time learning foreign languages. 61. I wish I had started learning foreign languages earlier. |
Polarisation | 30. I think that those who speak a foreign language are more valuable than those who do not. 1. Knowing a foreign language is a privilege. |
Totalitarianism | 10. My level of proficiency in reading comprehension shows my foreign language knowledge. 48. My proficiency level in speaking skill shows my foreign language knowledge. |
Absolutism | 57. To learn a foreign language, you must attend a course at a private teaching institution. I have to go 19. In order to be able to express myself, I must have a good command of grammar. |
Personalisation | 66. I think that I would not be successful even if I studied in a foreign language. 51. I cannot learn a foreign language because I am shy. |
Over-devotion | 54. I learn a foreign language because my parents want me to. 42. I hesitate to speak a foreign language because I think that people around me will criticise me. |
Variables | Group | N | % |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Female | 281 | 51.1 |
Male | 269 | 48.9 | |
Age | 17–19 | 114 | 20.7 |
20–22 | 347 | 63.1 | |
23–25 | 67 | 12.2 | |
26 years and older | 22 | 4.0 | |
Mother education level | Illiterate | 78 | 14.2 |
Primary School | 199 | 36.2 | |
Secondary School | 118 | 21.5 | |
High School | 115 | 20.9 | |
University | 40 | 7.3 | |
Father education level | Illiterate | 16 | 13.8 |
Primary School | 159 | 36.2 | |
Secondary School | 143 | 21.5 | |
High School | 151 | 20.9 | |
University | 81 | 7.3 | |
Perceived Turkish Level | None | 2 | 0.4 |
Poor | 8 | 1.5 | |
Intermediate | 42 | 7.6 | |
Advanced | 498 | 90.5 | |
Perceived English Level | None | 77 | 14.0 |
Poor | 220 | 40.0 | |
Intermediate | 211 | 38.4 | |
Advanced | 42 | 7.6 | |
Perceived Arabic Level | None | 361 | 65.6 |
Poor | 99 | 18.0 | |
Intermediate | 55 | 10.0 | |
Advanced | 35 | 6.4 | |
Perceived Kurdish Level | None | 330 | 60.0 |
Poor | 44 | 8.0 | |
Intermediate | 42 | 7.6 | |
Advanced | 134 | 24.4 | |
Total | 550 | 100 |
Variables | Group | N | % |
---|---|---|---|
Faculty | Faculty of Educational Sciences | 103 | 18.7 |
Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities | 31 | 5.6 | |
English Preparatory School | 47 | 8.5 | |
Faculty of Religious Sciences | 20 | 3.6 | |
Faculty of Law | 4 | 0.7 | |
Health Services and Vocational School | 345 | 62.7 | |
Department | Special Education | 44 | 8.0 |
Guidance and Psychological Counselling | 33 | 6.0 | |
English Language Teaching | 47 | 8.5 | |
Turkish Language Teaching | 11 | 2.0 | |
Arabic Language Teaching | 11 | 2.0 | |
Theology | 34 | 6.2 | |
Psychology | 35 | 6.4 | |
Law | 4 | .7 | |
Anaesthesia Technician | 61 | 11.1 | |
Radiotherapy | 18 | 3.3 | |
Physiotherapy | 23 | 4.2 | |
Medical Laboratory Techniques | 19 | 3.5 | |
Operating Room Services | 17 | 3.1 | |
Child Development | 10 | 1.8 | |
Audiometry | 13 | 2.4 | |
Electro Neurophysiology | 8 | 1.5 | |
Medical Imaging Techniques | 28 | 5.1 | |
First and Emergency aid | 80 | 14.5 | |
Dialysis | 18 | 3.3 | |
Laboratory and Veterinary Health | 22 | 4.0 | |
Mouth and Dental Health | 14 | 2.5 | |
Grade level | Preparatory | 39 | 7.1 |
1 | 62 | 11.3 | |
2 | 365 | 66.4 | |
3 | 54 | 9.8 | |
4 | 30 | 5.5 | |
Total | 550 | 100 |
Scale/Sub-Dimensions | N | Ss | |
---|---|---|---|
overgeneralisation | 550 | 2.18 | 0.73 |
exchanging effort | 550 | 3.47 | 0.81 |
wish to goodness | 550 | 4.15 | 0.81 |
polarisation | 550 | 2.97 | 0.95 |
totalitarianism | 550 | 3.07 | 0.97 |
absolutism | 550 | 3.39 | 0.78 |
personalisation | 550 | 2.35 | 0.88 |
over-devotion | 550 | 2.16 | 0.81 |
Total of the scale | 550 | 2.99 | 0.42 |
Sub-Dimensions | Groups | N | Xrank | ∑rank | U | z | p | η2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exchanging effort | Female | 281 | 290.90 | 81,744.00 | 33,466.000 | −2.330 | 0.020 * | |
Male | 269 | 259.41 | 69,781.00 | 0.0004 | ||||
Total | 550 | |||||||
Totalitarianism | Female | 281 | 292.23 | 82,118.00 | 33,092.000 | −2.532 | 0.011 * | |
Male | 269 | 258.02 | 69,407.00 | 0.0004 | ||||
Total | 550 |
Dimension | Group | N | Xrank | x | sd | p | Difference | η2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overgeneralisation | 17–19 age | 114 | 303.99 | 9.426 | 3 | 0.024 * | 1-3 | 0.014 |
20–22 age | 347 | 274.26 | ||||||
Total of the scale | 17–19 age | 114 | 256.92 | 10.152 | 3 | 0.017 * | 4-3 | 0.017 |
20–22 age | 347 | 286.78 | ||||||
23–25 age | 67 | 232.87 | ||||||
26 age and above | 22 | 323.64 | ||||||
Total | 550 |
Dimension | Groups | N | Xrank | x | sd | p | Difference | η2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Polarisation | Educational Sciences | 103 | 288.05 | 15.846 | 6 | 0.015 * | 3-7 4-7 | 0.025 |
Social Sciences and Humanities | 22 | 306.41 | ||||||
The Faculty of Foreign Languages | 47 | 337.81 | ||||||
Faculty of Religious Sciences | 20 | 333.98 | ||||||
Human and Social Sciences | 9 | 273.89 | ||||||
The Faculty of Law | 4 | 294.13 | ||||||
Health Services and Vocational School | 345 | 257.73 | ||||||
Total | 550 | |||||||
Totalitarianism | Educational Sciences | 103 | 277.70 | 34.061 | 6 | 0.000 * | 3-1 3-7 | 0.055 |
Social Sciences and Humanities | 22 | 299.09 | ||||||
Faculty of Foreign Languages | 47 | 379.77 | ||||||
Faculty of Religious Sciences | 20 | 359.80 | ||||||
Human and Social Sciences | 9 | 311.67 | ||||||
The Faculty of Law | 4 | 301.13 | ||||||
345 | 253.01 | |||||||
Total | 550 | |||||||
Absolutism | Educational Sciences | 103 | 244.42 | 14.137 | 6 | 0.028 * | 7-1 7-3 | 0.032 |
Social Sciences and Humanities | 22 | 251.34 | ||||||
The Faculty of Foreign Languages | 47 | 222.85 | ||||||
Faculty of Religious Sciences | 20 | 279.85 | ||||||
Human and Social Sciences | 9 | 264.06 | ||||||
The Faculty of Law | 4 | 288.25 | ||||||
Health Services and Vocational School | 345 | 293.39 | ||||||
Total | 550 |
Dimension | Year | N | Xrank | x | sd | p | Difference | η2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wish to Goodness | 1st year | 62 | 266.43 | 15.340 | 4 | 0.004 * | 4-5 | 0.018 |
2nd year | 365 | 277.44 | ||||||
3rd year | 54 | 298.07 | ||||||
4th year | 30 | 333.25 | ||||||
Preparatory School | 39 | 196.13 | ||||||
Total | 550 | |||||||
Polarisation | 1st year | 62 | 272.66 | 13.156 | 4 | 0.011 * | 4-2 | 0.024 |
2nd year | 365 | 261.10 | ||||||
3rd year | 54 | 311.40 | ||||||
4th year | 30 | 338.40 | ||||||
Preparatory School | 39 | 316.73 | ||||||
Total | 550 | |||||||
Totalitarianism | 1st year | 62 | 286.65 | 24.217 | 4 | 0.000 * | 5-1 5-2 | 0.040 |
2nd year | 365 | 256.60 | ||||||
3rd year | 54 | 305.27 | ||||||
4th year | 30 | 295.55 | ||||||
Preparatory School | 39 | 378.00 | ||||||
Total | 550 |
Dimension | Groups | N | Xrank | x | sd | p | Difference | η2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wish to Goodness | Illiterate | 76 | 320.82 | 12.075 | 5 | 0.034 * | 1-2 1-5 | 0.022 |
Primary School | 199 | 273.31 | ||||||
Secondary School | 118 | 271.54 | ||||||
High School | 115 | 273.47 | ||||||
University | 40 | 224.50 | ||||||
Housewife | 2 | 142.25 | ||||||
Total | 550 | |||||||
Absolutism | Illiterate | 76 | 321.59 | 13.992 | 5 | 0.016 * | 1-5 | 0.024 |
Primary School | 199 | 269.94 | ||||||
Secondary School | 118 | 285.33 | ||||||
High School | 115 | 264.56 | ||||||
University | 40 | 214.53 | ||||||
Housewife | 2 | 346.50 | ||||||
Total | 550 | |||||||
Over-devotion | Illiterate | 76 | 246.52 | 11.994 | 5 | 0.035 * | 1-5 | 0.022 |
Primary School | 199 | 305.06 | ||||||
Secondary School | 118 | 264.86 | ||||||
High School | 115 | 259.24 | ||||||
University | 40 | 258.71 | ||||||
Housewife | 2 | 333.75 | ||||||
Total | 550 |
Dimension | Groups | N | Xrank | x | sd | p | Difference | η2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overgeneralisation | Illiterate | 16 | 356.91 | 11.060 | 4 | 0.026 * | 2-5 | 0.024 |
Primary School | 159 | 293.80 | ||||||
Secondary School | 143 | 268.81 | ||||||
High School | 151 | 273.90 | ||||||
University | 81 | 238.28 | ||||||
Total | 550 | |||||||
Absolutism | Illiterate | 16 | 367.19 | 15.602 | 4 | 0.004 * | 1-5 2-5 3-5 | 0.031 |
Primary School | 159 | 288.48 | ||||||
Secondary School | 143 | 278.95 | ||||||
High school | 151 | 277.34 | ||||||
University | 81 | 222.38 | ||||||
Total | 550 | |||||||
Over-devotion | Illiterate | 16 | 274.16 | 11.771 | 4 | 0.019 * | 4-5 | 0.018 |
Primary School | 159 | 282.54 | ||||||
Secondary School | 143 | 285.83 | ||||||
High School | 151 | 288.06 | ||||||
University | 81 | 220.28 | ||||||
Total | 550 |
Dimension | Proficiency Level | N | Xrank | x | sd | p | Difference | η2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overgeneralisation | None | 2 | 330.75 | 8.177 | 3 | 0.042 * | 3-4 | 0.015 |
Poor | 8 | 281.00 | ||||||
Intermediate | 42 | 341.37 | ||||||
Advanced | 498 | 269.63 | ||||||
Total | 550 |
Dimension | Proficiency Level | N | Xrank | x | sd | p | Difference | η2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overgeneralisation | None | 77 | 356.44 | 58.174 | 3 | 0.000 * | 1-2 1-3 1-4 | 0.102 |
Poor | 220 | 297.69 | ||||||
Intermediate | 211 | 248.46 | ||||||
Advanced | 42 | 146.74 | ||||||
Total | 550 | |||||||
Exchanging Effort | None | 77 | 228.53 | 35.611 | 3 | 0.000 * | 3-1 4-1 | 0.062 |
Poor | 220 | 255.61 | ||||||
Intermediate | 211 | 289.69 | ||||||
Advanced | 42 | 394.50 | ||||||
Total | 550 | |||||||
Wish to goodness | None | 77 | 278.42 | 11.473 | 3 | 0.000 * | 1-4 | 0.024 |
Poor | 220 | 276.95 | ||||||
Intermediate | 211 | 288.24 | ||||||
Advanced | 42 | 198.56 | ||||||
Total | 550 | |||||||
Totalitarianism | None | 77 | 254.67 | 17.178 | 3 | 0.001 * | 4-2 4-1 | 0.025 |
Poor | 220 | 254.40 | ||||||
Intermediate | 211 | 289.48 | ||||||
Advanced | 42 | 353.95 | ||||||
Total | 550 | |||||||
Absolutism | None | 77 | 335.84 | 41.506 | 3 | 0.000 * | 1-2 1-3 2-4 | 0.084 |
Poor | 220 | 289.74 | ||||||
Intermediate | 211 | 264.17 | ||||||
Advanced | 42 | 147.24 | ||||||
Total | 550 | |||||||
Personalisation | None | 77 | 329.04 | 38.248 | 3 | 0.000 * | 1-3 1-4 2-4 | 0.065 |
Poor | 220 | 296.10 | ||||||
Intermediate | 211 | 257.84 | ||||||
Advanced | 42 | 158.19 | ||||||
Total | 550 | |||||||
Over-devotion | None | 77 | 295.59 | 11.006 | 3 | 0.012 * | 1-2 1-3 1-4 | 0.019 |
Poor | 220 | 288.34 | ||||||
Intermediate | 211 | 268.41 | ||||||
Advanced | 42 | 207.02 | ||||||
Total | 550 | |||||||
Total scale | None | 77 | 312.88 | 12.242 | 3 | 0.007 * | 1-2 1-3 1-4 | 0.023 |
Poor | 220 | 277.17 | ||||||
Intermediate | 211 | 273.86 | ||||||
Advanced | 42 | 206.45 | ||||||
Total | 550 |
Dimension | Proficiency Level | N | Xrank | x | sd | p | Difference | η2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overgeneralisation | None | 330 | 279.84 | 11.104 | 3 | 0.011 * | 3-2 | 0.018 |
Poor | 44 | 202.99 | ||||||
Intermediate | 42 | 306.44 | ||||||
Advanced | 134 | 278.92 | ||||||
Total | 550 | |||||||
Totalitarianism | None | 330 | 277.60 | 8.196 | 3 | 0.042 * | 3-2 | 0.014 |
Poor | 44 | 329.84 | ||||||
Intermediate | 42 | 277.12 | ||||||
Advanced | 134 | 251.97 | ||||||
Total | 550 | |||||||
Over-devotion | None | 330 | 278.80 | 8.723 | 3 | 0.033 * | 3-4 | 0.010 |
Poor | 44 | 216.69 | ||||||
Intermediate | 42 | 313.92 | ||||||
Advanced | 134 | 274.64 | ||||||
Total | 550 |
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Güntaş Işık, S.; Aslantürk Altıntuğ, F.; Süzek Birkollu, S.; Güneyli, A. Understanding University Students’ Foreign Language Learning Attitudes: An Analysis Based on Stereotypes. Societies 2024 , 14 , 169. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14090169
Güntaş Işık S, Aslantürk Altıntuğ F, Süzek Birkollu S, Güneyli A. Understanding University Students’ Foreign Language Learning Attitudes: An Analysis Based on Stereotypes. Societies . 2024; 14(9):169. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14090169
Güntaş Işık, Selime, Fatma Aslantürk Altıntuğ, Sibel Süzek Birkollu, and Ahmet Güneyli. 2024. "Understanding University Students’ Foreign Language Learning Attitudes: An Analysis Based on Stereotypes" Societies 14, no. 9: 169. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14090169
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Kirkland & ellis corporate lab clinic—significant achievements for 2023-24.
Founded in 2009, the Kirkland & Ellis Corporate Lab (the “Lab”) provides students with “real-world” experience and context to prepare them to become well-rounded attorneys with sound knowledge and judgment.
Lab students undertake a wide variety of assignments from the legal and business teams of significant publicly traded and privately held corporations, many of which are household names. Through this work and through classroom instruction, students in the Lab acquire the necessary legal and interpersonal skills and knowledge to excel in their future legal practice.
During the 2023-2024 academic year, Lab students successfully completed in excess of 100 projects for more than thirty largely publicly traded companies across a wide range of legal disciplines—e.g., contract drafting and corporate transactions, labor and employment, intellectual property and copyright, artificial intelligence, litigation risk assessment, and legal research. Specific examples include the following:
Included in the Lab’s client roster are the following:
The Lab also worked with more than twenty entrepreneurs on an individual basis and through an ongoing collaboration with the Booth School’s New Venture Challenge and Social New Venture Challenge. Specific assignments included the following:
Beyond the essential clinic training, the Lab hosts an ongoing speaker series throughout the year that brings to campus experienced practitioners, business leaders, and other esteemed guests to discuss topical business and legal issues, substantive areas of law, and other topics of interest to the speakers and students. Recent speakers have included senior executives from Amazon, Coinbase, Google, IBM, the Illinois Gaming Board, Meijer Microsoft, Victoria’s Secret, WTW and partners from Kirkland & Ellis, Cleary Gottlieb, Dechert, Morgan Lewis, and Sidley.
Other enrichment activities include our cross-border negotiation training exercises with the law schools of Tel Aviv University and Reichman University.
IMAGES
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The first question asks for a ready-made solution, and is not focused or researchable. The second question is a clearer comparative question, but note that it may not be practically feasible. For a smaller research project or thesis, it could be narrowed down further to focus on the effectiveness of drunk driving laws in just one or two countries.
Examples: Education. Next, let's look at some potential research questions within the education, training and development domain. How does class size affect students' academic performance in primary schools? This example research question targets two clearly defined variables, which can be measured and analysed relatively easily.
A good research question is essential to guide your research paper, dissertation, or thesis. All research questions should be: Focused on a single problem or issue. Researchable using primary and/or secondary sources. Feasible to answer within the timeframe and practical constraints. Specific enough to answer thoroughly.
Research Aims: Examples. True to the name, research aims usually start with the wording "this research aims to…", "this research seeks to…", and so on. For example: "This research aims to explore employee experiences of digital transformation in retail HR.". "This study sets out to assess the interaction between student ...
1000+ FREE Research Topics & Title Ideas. Select your area of interest to view a collection of potential research topics and ideas. AI & Machine Learning. Blockchain & Cryptocurrency. Biotech & Genetic Engineering. Business & Management. Communication. Computer Science & IT. Cybersecurity.
Choose a broad topic, such as "learner support" or "social media influence" for your study. Select topics of interest to make research more enjoyable and stay motivated. Preliminary research. The goal is to refine and focus your research question. The following strategies can help: Skim various scholarly articles.
The examples of research questions provided in this guide have illustrated what good research questions look like. The key points outlined below should help researchers in the pursuit: The development of a research question is an iterative process that involves continuously updating one's knowledge on the topic and refining ideas at all ...
Assess your chosen research question using the FINER criteria that helps you evaluate whether the research is Feasible, Interesting, Novel, Ethical, and Relevant. 1. Formulate the final research question, while ensuring it is clear, well-written, and addresses all the key elements of a strong research question.
There are two types of research: Qualitative research and Quantitative research. There must be research questions for every type of research. Your research question will be based on the type of research you want to conduct and the type of data collection. The first step in designing research involves identifying a gap and creating a focused ...
A good research question is essential to guide your research paper, dissertation, or thesis. All research questions should be: Focused on a single problem or issue. Researchable using primary and/or secondary sources. Feasible to answer within the timeframe and practical constraints. Specific enough to answer thoroughly.
Course Learning Outcome: Develop ability to synthesize and express complex ideas; demonstrate information literacy and be able to work with evidence Goal: Develop students' ability to recognize and create successful research questions Specifically, students will be able to. identify the components of a successful research question. create a viable research question.
It can be difficult to come up with a good research question, but there are a few steps you can follow to make it a bit easier. 1. Start with an interesting and relevant topic. Choose a research topic that is interesting but also relevant and aligned with your own country's culture or your university's capabilities.
A research question is a clearly formulated query that delineates the scope and direction of an investigation. It serves as the guiding light for scholars, helping them to dissect, analyze, and comprehend complex phenomena. Beyond merely seeking answers, a well-crafted research question ensures that the exploration remains focused and goal-oriented. The significance of framing a clear, concise ...
Definition: Research questions are the specific questions that guide a research study or inquiry. These questions help to define the scope of the research and provide a clear focus for the study. Research questions are usually developed at the beginning of a research project and are designed to address a particular research problem or objective.
301+ Research Topic Examples For Students [Updated 2024] General / By StatAnalytica / 12th January 2024. Embarking on a research journey is a crucial aspect of academic growth for students. Selecting the right research topic is like choosing the key that unlocks the door to a world of academic exploration and discovery.
Checklist for Fundamental Methods Questions; Checklist for Experimental Design; Checklist for Achieving Credibility in Qualitative Studies; Checklist for Mixed Methods Perspectives; Checklist for Methods Appropriate to Evaluate Research; Checklist for Managing Action Research; Examples of Student Research Projects; Links to Additional Online ...
5. Facilitating Data Interpretation and Analysis. Clear research questions help in structuring the analysis, guiding the interpretation of data, and framing the discussion of results. They ensure that the data collected is directly relevant to the questions posed, making it easier to draw meaningful conclusions.
If your research feels similar to existing articles, make sure to drive home the differences. 5. Complex. Whether it's developed for a thesis or another assignment, a good research topic question should be complex enough to let you expand on it within the scope of your paper.
One of the hardest parts of writing a research paper can be just finding a good topic to write about. Fortunately we've done the hard work for you and have compiled a list of 113 interesting research paper topics. They've been organized into ten categories and cover a wide range of subjects so you can easily find the best topic for you.
2. Psychology research paper topics. Psychology is a broadly studied topic with many possible avenues for exploration. Whether you'd like to understand how the human brain works, ways to boost mental health, or treatment options in psychology, there are endless options.
Understanding Quantitative Research Questions. Quantitative research involves collecting and analyzing numerical data to answer research questions and test hypotheses. These questions typically seek to understand the relationships between variables, predict outcomes, or compare groups. Let's explore some examples of quantitative research ...
25 examples of expertly crafted qualitative research questions. It's easy enough to cover the theory of writing a qualitative research question, but sometimes it's best if you can see the process in practice. In this section, we'll list 25 examples of B2B and B2C-related qualitative questions. Let's begin with five questions.
Learn the importance of research questions in college writing, how to create strong ones, and tips to keep your research focused and on track. ... Samples Captions ... Or it's just a thing that's meant to frustrate and confuse students throughout college writing. But hopefully after this video, research questions will be a little less confusing ...
Specific Market Research Questions for Different Goals. Market research questions should align closely with specific business objectives to yield actionable insights. When marketing research questions are tailored to specific objectives, they help understand customers, inform product development, and provide competitive analysis.
The use of student data to inform instruction. The role of parental involvement in education. The effects of mindfulness practices in the classroom. The use of technology in the classroom. The role of critical thinking in education. The use of formative and summative assessments in the classroom.
The research question probes the extent and the influencing variables of stereotypes held by students in Cyprus during their language learning journey. This quantitative descriptive study involved 832 students from various faculties of a private North Cyprus university during the 2021-2022 academic year. ... A sample of 550 students ...
Founded in 2009, the Kirkland & Ellis Corporate Lab (the "Lab") provides students with "real-world" experience and context to prepare them to become well-rounded attorneys with sound knowledge and judgment. Lab students undertake a wide variety of assignments from the legal and business teams of significant publicly traded and privately held corporations, many of which are household names.