Probability and Statistics Questions and Answers – Testing of Hypothesis

This set of Probability and Statistics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Testing of Hypothesis”.

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  • How to Write a Strong Hypothesis | Steps & Examples

How to Write a Strong Hypothesis | Steps & Examples

Published on May 6, 2022 by Shona McCombes . Revised on November 20, 2023.

A hypothesis is a statement that can be tested by scientific research. If you want to test a relationship between two or more variables, you need to write hypotheses before you start your experiment or data collection .

Example: Hypothesis

Daily apple consumption leads to fewer doctor’s visits.

Table of contents

What is a hypothesis, developing a hypothesis (with example), hypothesis examples, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about writing hypotheses.

A hypothesis states your predictions about what your research will find. It is a tentative answer to your research question that has not yet been tested. For some research projects, you might have to write several hypotheses that address different aspects of your research question.

A hypothesis is not just a guess – it should be based on existing theories and knowledge. It also has to be testable, which means you can support or refute it through scientific research methods (such as experiments, observations and statistical analysis of data).

Variables in hypotheses

Hypotheses propose a relationship between two or more types of variables .

  • An independent variable is something the researcher changes or controls.
  • A dependent variable is something the researcher observes and measures.

If there are any control variables , extraneous variables , or confounding variables , be sure to jot those down as you go to minimize the chances that research bias  will affect your results.

In this example, the independent variable is exposure to the sun – the assumed cause . The dependent variable is the level of happiness – the assumed effect .

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Step 1. Ask a question

Writing a hypothesis begins with a research question that you want to answer. The question should be focused, specific, and researchable within the constraints of your project.

Step 2. Do some preliminary research

Your initial answer to the question should be based on what is already known about the topic. Look for theories and previous studies to help you form educated assumptions about what your research will find.

At this stage, you might construct a conceptual framework to ensure that you’re embarking on a relevant topic . This can also help you identify which variables you will study and what you think the relationships are between them. Sometimes, you’ll have to operationalize more complex constructs.

Step 3. Formulate your hypothesis

Now you should have some idea of what you expect to find. Write your initial answer to the question in a clear, concise sentence.

4. Refine your hypothesis

You need to make sure your hypothesis is specific and testable. There are various ways of phrasing a hypothesis, but all the terms you use should have clear definitions, and the hypothesis should contain:

  • The relevant variables
  • The specific group being studied
  • The predicted outcome of the experiment or analysis

5. Phrase your hypothesis in three ways

To identify the variables, you can write a simple prediction in  if…then form. The first part of the sentence states the independent variable and the second part states the dependent variable.

In academic research, hypotheses are more commonly phrased in terms of correlations or effects, where you directly state the predicted relationship between variables.

If you are comparing two groups, the hypothesis can state what difference you expect to find between them.

6. Write a null hypothesis

If your research involves statistical hypothesis testing , you will also have to write a null hypothesis . The null hypothesis is the default position that there is no association between the variables. The null hypothesis is written as H 0 , while the alternative hypothesis is H 1 or H a .

  • H 0 : The number of lectures attended by first-year students has no effect on their final exam scores.
  • H 1 : The number of lectures attended by first-year students has a positive effect on their final exam scores.
Research question Hypothesis Null hypothesis
What are the health benefits of eating an apple a day? Increasing apple consumption in over-60s will result in decreasing frequency of doctor’s visits. Increasing apple consumption in over-60s will have no effect on frequency of doctor’s visits.
Which airlines have the most delays? Low-cost airlines are more likely to have delays than premium airlines. Low-cost and premium airlines are equally likely to have delays.
Can flexible work arrangements improve job satisfaction? Employees who have flexible working hours will report greater job satisfaction than employees who work fixed hours. There is no relationship between working hour flexibility and job satisfaction.
How effective is high school sex education at reducing teen pregnancies? Teenagers who received sex education lessons throughout high school will have lower rates of unplanned pregnancy teenagers who did not receive any sex education. High school sex education has no effect on teen pregnancy rates.
What effect does daily use of social media have on the attention span of under-16s? There is a negative between time spent on social media and attention span in under-16s. There is no relationship between social media use and attention span in under-16s.

If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

  • Sampling methods
  • Simple random sampling
  • Stratified sampling
  • Cluster sampling
  • Likert scales
  • Reproducibility

 Statistics

  • Null hypothesis
  • Statistical power
  • Probability distribution
  • Effect size
  • Poisson distribution

Research bias

  • Optimism bias
  • Cognitive bias
  • Implicit bias
  • Hawthorne effect
  • Anchoring bias
  • Explicit bias

A hypothesis is not just a guess — it should be based on existing theories and knowledge. It also has to be testable, which means you can support or refute it through scientific research methods (such as experiments, observations and statistical analysis of data).

Null and alternative hypotheses are used in statistical hypothesis testing . The null hypothesis of a test always predicts no effect or no relationship between variables, while the alternative hypothesis states your research prediction of an effect or relationship.

Hypothesis testing is a formal procedure for investigating our ideas about the world using statistics. It is used by scientists to test specific predictions, called hypotheses , by calculating how likely it is that a pattern or relationship between variables could have arisen by chance.

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Multiple Choice Quiz


The correct answer for each question is indicated by a
1
First, you observed bubbles on different background colors and formed questions. Second, you formulated a hypothesis based on observations and then third, you carried out an experiment to see if hypothesis was correct.
First, you observed bubbles on different background colors and formed questions. Second, you carried out an experiment and then third, you wrote in your notebook.
First, you formulated a hypothesis. Second, you carried out an experiment to see if hypothesis was correct. Then third, you did internet research to verify your results.
First, you observed bubbles on different background colors and formed questions. Second, you formulated a hypothesis based on observations and then third, you wrote in your notebook and printed out your results for your teacher to review.
2
Because it is faster and more reliable than research.
Because knowledge can be acquired in a systematic, testable way.
Because it relies mostly on common sense.
Because it is easy to do in a psychological research lab.
3
independent variable, dependent variable.
dependent variable, independent variable.
experimental variable, control variable.
control variable, experimental variable.
4
The jumping rope group is the control group.
Neither group is an experimental group or control group.
The jumping rope group is the experimental group.
Both groups are experimental groups.
5
Write letters to the parents of the sugar eaters and ask them to provide better snacks.
Feed all of the children in the preschool very sugary snacks and look for behavior changes.
Set up a control group and an experimental group.
Form a testable hypothesis.
6
an observation.
a behavioral change.
an experiment.
a hypothesis.
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Research Methodology

Student resources, multiple choice questions.

Research: A Way of Thinking

The Research Process: A Quick Glance

Reviewing the Literature

Formulating a Research Problem

Identifying Variables

Constructing Hypotheses

The Research Design

Selecting a Study Design

Selecting a Method of Data Collection

Collecting Data Using Attitudinal Scales

Establishing the Validity and Reliability of a Research Instrument

Selecting a Sample

Writing a Research Proposal

Considering Ethical Issues in Data Collection

Processing Data

Displaying Data

Writing a Research Report

Quiz 6: Formulating the Hypothesis

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Multiple Choice

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis Identify the synthetic statement.

Introduction Words like "guess" and "hunch" are nonscientific synonyms for a

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis ____ statements are always true.

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis A good hypothesis is all of the following except

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis An experimental hypothesis is

Introduction Psychology experiments are designed to test statements called

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis Select the experimental hypothesis.

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis The statement, "Hungry students read slowly," is

Introduction All of these research methods describe behaviors as they naturally occur. Which one can test hypotheses and establish causal relationships?

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis Choose the analytic statement.

Introduction Which nonexperimental design is likely to incorporate a hypothesis about a Predicted relationship between variables?

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis Maria developed the following hypothesis, "If you dress badly, then you are probably a professor." While this hypothesis is ____, it is not

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis Hannah hypothesizes that Americans are happiest when the President is a Democrat.This hypothesis is ____, but not

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis "The taller you are, the faster your heart rate." This hypothesis is ____, but not

Introduction Which of the following is a nonexperimental hypothesis?

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis Select the contradictory statement.

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis One way to ensure that your hypothesis is synthetic is to

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis ____ statements can be either true or false.

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis An experimental hypothesis is a statement of a potential relationship between

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis Hypotheses that can be stated in an "if…then" form are ____ statements.

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What skill is a scientist using when she listens to the sounds that whales makes. What is the correct order of the steps in the scientific method. Which question would be the best high level scientific question? Which of the following is NOT a rule when writing a hypothesis? An experiment that tests only one factor at a time by using a comparison of a control group and an experimental group is? Which of the following hypotheses is written correctly? The process of obtaining information by using the senses is called a/an A series of steps designed to help you solve problems and answer questions In an experiment, the one variable that is changed is called the In an experiment, the factor that we measure is called the A scientist hypothesizes the the temperature at which an alligator's egg is incubated will determine whether the alligator will be male or female. The independent variable is A scientist hypothesizes the the temperature at which an alligator's egg is incubated will determine whether the alligator will be male or female. The dependent variable is A scientist conducted an experiment to determine how the amount of salt in a body of water affects the number of plants that can live in the water. In this experiment the independent variable is A scientist conducted an experiment to determine how the amount of salt in a body of water affects the number of plants that can live in the water. In this experiment the dependent variable is All the things in an experiment that must be the same to make it fair are called In science, an educated guess is called a/an When you decide whether or not the data supports the original hypothesis, you are When a scientist shares her findings with other scientists, she is If you were measuring the mass of a fly, you should use If you wanted to know volume of water in a bottle of soda, you would use If you wanted to measure the distance from here to Salt Lake City, you would use Which unit of measure is NOT used in the International System of Units In which step of the scientific method do we want to use graphs The final part; a summary of reasonable inferences is a/an Which of the following is important when creating a graph in science. A scientist who wants to study the affects of fertilizer on plants sets up an experiment. Plant A gets no fertilizer, Plant B gets 5 mg. of fertilizer each day, and Plant C gets 10mg. of fertilizer each day. Which plant is the control group. A scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact is a/an A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning is a/an A series of steps followed to solve problems is The best graph to use if I want to compare the price of six different cars would be a Why is it important to conduct scientific tests more than one time?

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Free download in PDF Hypothesis Testing Multiple Choice Questions and Answers for competitive exams. These short objective type questions with answers are very important for Board exams as well as competitive exams. These short solved questions or quizzes are provided by Gkseries.

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Answer: Hypothesis
Answer: Statistical Hypothesis
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Answer: Level of Significance
Answer: Two tailed
Answer: Test statistic
Answer: Left tailed
Answer: We reject H0 if it is True
Answer: Research Hypothesis
Answer: Reject A True Null Hypothesis
Answer: May Or May Not Be Rejected At The 0.01 Level
Answer: A Type Ii Error Is Committed
Answer: there is not enough statistical evidence to infer that the alternative hypothesis is true
Answer: determine whether a statistical result is significant
Answer: 0.005
Answer: Be greater than 5
Answer: That the underlying population follows an approximately Normal distribution
Answer: the probability of observing the data or more extreme values if the null hypothesis is true
Answer: If the p-value is greater than the significance level, we fail to reject Ho
Answer: 0.025

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Research Questions & Hypotheses

Generally, in quantitative studies, reviewers expect hypotheses rather than research questions. However, both research questions and hypotheses serve different purposes and can be beneficial when used together.

Research Questions

Clarify the research’s aim (farrugia et al., 2010).

  • Research often begins with an interest in a topic, but a deep understanding of the subject is crucial to formulate an appropriate research question.
  • Descriptive: “What factors most influence the academic achievement of senior high school students?”
  • Comparative: “What is the performance difference between teaching methods A and B?”
  • Relationship-based: “What is the relationship between self-efficacy and academic achievement?”
  • Increasing knowledge about a subject can be achieved through systematic literature reviews, in-depth interviews with patients (and proxies), focus groups, and consultations with field experts.
  • Some funding bodies, like the Canadian Institute for Health Research, recommend conducting a systematic review or a pilot study before seeking grants for full trials.
  • The presence of multiple research questions in a study can complicate the design, statistical analysis, and feasibility.
  • It’s advisable to focus on a single primary research question for the study.
  • The primary question, clearly stated at the end of a grant proposal’s introduction, usually specifies the study population, intervention, and other relevant factors.
  • The FINER criteria underscore aspects that can enhance the chances of a successful research project, including specifying the population of interest, aligning with scientific and public interest, clinical relevance, and contribution to the field, while complying with ethical and national research standards.
Feasible
Interesting
Novel
Ethical
Relevant
  • The P ICOT approach is crucial in developing the study’s framework and protocol, influencing inclusion and exclusion criteria and identifying patient groups for inclusion.
Population (patients)
Intervention (for intervention studies only)
Comparison group
Outcome of interest
Time
  • Defining the specific population, intervention, comparator, and outcome helps in selecting the right outcome measurement tool.
  • The more precise the population definition and stricter the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the more significant the impact on the interpretation, applicability, and generalizability of the research findings.
  • A restricted study population enhances internal validity but may limit the study’s external validity and generalizability to clinical practice.
  • A broadly defined study population may better reflect clinical practice but could increase bias and reduce internal validity.
  • An inadequately formulated research question can negatively impact study design, potentially leading to ineffective outcomes and affecting publication prospects.

Checklist: Good research questions for social science projects (Panke, 2018)

formulating hypothesis multiple choice questions

Research Hypotheses

Present the researcher’s predictions based on specific statements.

  • These statements define the research problem or issue and indicate the direction of the researcher’s predictions.
  • Formulating the research question and hypothesis from existing data (e.g., a database) can lead to multiple statistical comparisons and potentially spurious findings due to chance.
  • The research or clinical hypothesis, derived from the research question, shapes the study’s key elements: sampling strategy, intervention, comparison, and outcome variables.
  • Hypotheses can express a single outcome or multiple outcomes.
  • After statistical testing, the null hypothesis is either rejected or not rejected based on whether the study’s findings are statistically significant.
  • Hypothesis testing helps determine if observed findings are due to true differences and not chance.
  • Hypotheses can be 1-sided (specific direction of difference) or 2-sided (presence of a difference without specifying direction).
  • 2-sided hypotheses are generally preferred unless there’s a strong justification for a 1-sided hypothesis.
  • A solid research hypothesis, informed by a good research question, influences the research design and paves the way for defining clear research objectives.

Types of Research Hypothesis

  • In a Y-centered research design, the focus is on the dependent variable (DV) which is specified in the research question. Theories are then used to identify independent variables (IV) and explain their causal relationship with the DV.
  • Example: “An increase in teacher-led instructional time (IV) is likely to improve student reading comprehension scores (DV), because extensive guided practice under expert supervision enhances learning retention and skill mastery.”
  • Hypothesis Explanation: The dependent variable (student reading comprehension scores) is the focus, and the hypothesis explores how changes in the independent variable (teacher-led instructional time) affect it.
  • In X-centered research designs, the independent variable is specified in the research question. Theories are used to determine potential dependent variables and the causal mechanisms at play.
  • Example: “Implementing technology-based learning tools (IV) is likely to enhance student engagement in the classroom (DV), because interactive and multimedia content increases student interest and participation.”
  • Hypothesis Explanation: The independent variable (technology-based learning tools) is the focus, with the hypothesis exploring its impact on a potential dependent variable (student engagement).
  • Probabilistic hypotheses suggest that changes in the independent variable are likely to lead to changes in the dependent variable in a predictable manner, but not with absolute certainty.
  • Example: “The more teachers engage in professional development programs (IV), the more their teaching effectiveness (DV) is likely to improve, because continuous training updates pedagogical skills and knowledge.”
  • Hypothesis Explanation: This hypothesis implies a probable relationship between the extent of professional development (IV) and teaching effectiveness (DV).
  • Deterministic hypotheses state that a specific change in the independent variable will lead to a specific change in the dependent variable, implying a more direct and certain relationship.
  • Example: “If the school curriculum changes from traditional lecture-based methods to project-based learning (IV), then student collaboration skills (DV) are expected to improve because project-based learning inherently requires teamwork and peer interaction.”
  • Hypothesis Explanation: This hypothesis presumes a direct and definite outcome (improvement in collaboration skills) resulting from a specific change in the teaching method.
  • Example : “Students who identify as visual learners will score higher on tests that are presented in a visually rich format compared to tests presented in a text-only format.”
  • Explanation : This hypothesis aims to describe the potential difference in test scores between visual learners taking visually rich tests and text-only tests, without implying a direct cause-and-effect relationship.
  • Example : “Teaching method A will improve student performance more than method B.”
  • Explanation : This hypothesis compares the effectiveness of two different teaching methods, suggesting that one will lead to better student performance than the other. It implies a direct comparison but does not necessarily establish a causal mechanism.
  • Example : “Students with higher self-efficacy will show higher levels of academic achievement.”
  • Explanation : This hypothesis predicts a relationship between the variable of self-efficacy and academic achievement. Unlike a causal hypothesis, it does not necessarily suggest that one variable causes changes in the other, but rather that they are related in some way.

Tips for developing research questions and hypotheses for research studies

  • Perform a systematic literature review (if one has not been done) to increase knowledge and familiarity with the topic and to assist with research development.
  • Learn about current trends and technological advances on the topic.
  • Seek careful input from experts, mentors, colleagues, and collaborators to refine your research question as this will aid in developing the research question and guide the research study.
  • Use the FINER criteria in the development of the research question.
  • Ensure that the research question follows PICOT format.
  • Develop a research hypothesis from the research question.
  • Ensure that the research question and objectives are answerable, feasible, and clinically relevant.

If your research hypotheses are derived from your research questions, particularly when multiple hypotheses address a single question, it’s recommended to use both research questions and hypotheses. However, if this isn’t the case, using hypotheses over research questions is advised. It’s important to note these are general guidelines, not strict rules. If you opt not to use hypotheses, consult with your supervisor for the best approach.

Farrugia, P., Petrisor, B. A., Farrokhyar, F., & Bhandari, M. (2010). Practical tips for surgical research: Research questions, hypotheses and objectives.  Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie ,  53 (4), 278–281.

Hulley, S. B., Cummings, S. R., Browner, W. S., Grady, D., & Newman, T. B. (2007). Designing clinical research. Philadelphia.

Panke, D. (2018). Research design & method selection: Making good choices in the social sciences.  Research Design & Method Selection , 1-368.

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Multiple Choice Questions on Scientific method

formulating hypothesis multiple choice questions

16.The scientific method in which final conclusions and generalisations are drawn from specific observations and analysis of known facts

a)inductive method  b) Serendipity c) Deductive method d) Constructive method

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Hypothesis Testing Solved Examples(Questions and Solutions)

Here is a list hypothesis testing exercises and solutions. Try to solve a question by yourself first before you look at the solution.

Question 1 In the population, the average IQ is 100 with a standard deviation of 15. A team of scientists want to test a new medication to see if it has either a positive or negative effect on intelligence, or not effect at all. A sample of 30 participants who have taken the medication  has a mean of 140. Did the medication affect intelligence? View Solution to Question 1

A professor wants to know if her introductory statistics class has a good grasp of basic math. Six students are chosen at random from the class and given a math proficiency test. The professor wants the class to be able to score above 70 on the test. The six students get the following scores:62, 92, 75, 68, 83, 95. Can the professor have 90% confidence that the mean score for the class on the test would be above 70. Solution to Question 2

Question 3 In a packaging plant, a machine packs cartons with jars. It is supposed that a new machine would pack faster on the average than the machine currently used. To test the hypothesis, the time it takes each machine to pack ten cartons are recorded. The result in seconds is as follows.

 42.1 42.7
 41 43.6
 41.3 43.8
 41.8 43.3
 42.4 42.5
 42.8 43.5
 43.2 43.1
 42.3 41.7
 41.8 44
 42.744.1

Do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that, on the average, the new machine packs faster? Perform  the required hypothesis test at the 5% level of significance. Solution to Question 3 

Question 4 We want to compare the heights in inches of two groups of individuals. Here are the measurements: X: 175, 168, 168, 190, 156, 181, 182, 175, 174, 179 Y:  120, 180, 125, 188, 130, 190, 110, 185, 112, 188 Solution to Question 4 

Question 5 A clinic provides a program to help their clients lose weight and asks a consumer agency to investigate the effectiveness of the program. The agency takes a sample of 15 people, weighing each person in the sample before the program begins and 3 months later. The results a tabulated below

Determine is the program is effective. Solution to Question 5

Question 6 A sample of 20 students were selected and given a diagnostic module prior to studying for a test. And then they were given the test again after completing the module. . The result of the students scores in the test before and after the test is tabulated below.

We want to see if there is significant improvement in the student’s performance due to this teaching method Solution to Question 6 

Question 7 A study was performed to test wether cars get better mileage on premium gas than on regular gas. Each of 10 cars was first filled with regular or premium gas, decided by a coin toss, and the mileage for the tank was recorded. The mileage was recorded again for the same cars using other kind of gasoline. Determine wether cars get significantly better mileage with premium gas.

Mileage with regular gas: 16,20,21,22,23,22,27,25,27,28 Mileage with premium gas: 19, 22,24,24,25,25,26,26,28,32 Solution to Question 7 

Question 8  An automatic cutter machine must cut steel strips of 1200 mm length. From a preliminary data, we checked that the lengths of the pieces produced by the machine can be considered as normal random variables  with a 3mm standard deviation. We want to make sure that the machine is set correctly. Therefore 16 pieces of the products are randomly selected and weight. The figures were in mm: 1193,1196,1198,1195,1198,1199,1204,1193,1203,1201,1196,1200,1191,1196,1198,1191 Examine wether there is any significant deviation from the required size Solution to Question 8

Question 9 Blood pressure reading of ten patients before and after medication for reducing the blood pressure are as follows

Patient: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 Before treatment: 86,84,78,90,92,77,89,90,90,86 After treatment:    80,80,92,79,92,82,88,89,92,83

Test the null hypothesis of no effect agains the alternate hypothesis that medication is effective. Execute it with Wilcoxon test Solution to Question 9

Question on ANOVA Sussan Sound predicts that students will learn most effectively with a constant background sound, as opposed to an unpredictable sound or no sound at all. She randomly divides 24 students into three groups of 8 each. All students study a passage of text for 30 minutes. Those in group 1 study with background sound at a constant volume in the background. Those in group 2 study with nose that changes volume periodically. Those in group 3 study with no sound at all. After studying, all students take a 10 point multiple choice test over the material. Their scores are tabulated below.

Group1: Constant sound: 7,4,6,8,6,6,2,9 Group 2: Random sound: 5,5,3,4,4,7,2,2 Group 3: No sound at all: 2,4,7,1,2,1,5,5 Solution to Question 10

Question 11 Using the following three groups of data, perform a one-way analysis of variance using α  = 0.05.

512356
454376
332374
454387
674556

Solution to Question 11

Question 12 In a packaging plant, a machine packs cartons with jars. It is supposed that a new machine would pack faster on the average than the machine currently used. To test the hypothesis, the time it takes each machine to pack ten cartons are recorded. The result in seconds is as follows.

New Machine: 42,41,41.3,41.8,42.4,42.8,43.2,42.3,41.8,42.7 Old Machine:  42.7,43.6,43.8,43.3,42.5,43.5,43.1,41.7,44,44.1

Perform an F-test to determine if the null hypothesis should be accepted. Solution to Question 12

Question 13 A random sample 500 U.S adults are questioned about their political affiliation and opinion on a tax reform bill. We need to test if the political affiliation and their opinon on a tax reform bill are dependent, at 5% level of significance. The observed contingency table is given below.

total
1388364285
646784215
total202150148500

Solution to Question 13

Question 14 Can a dice be considered regular which is showing the following frequency distribution during 1000 throws?

123456
182154162175151176

Solution to Question 14

Solution to Question 15

Question 16 A newly developed muesli contains five types of seeds (A, B, C, D and E). The percentage of which is 35%, 25%, 20%, 10% and 10% according to the product information. In a randomly selected muesli, the following volume distribution was found.

ComponentABCDE
Number of Pieces1841451006363

Lets us decide about the null hypothesis whether the composition of the sample corresponds to the distribution indicated on the packaging at alpha = 0.1 significance level. Solution to Question 16

Question 17 A research team investigated whether there was any significant correlation between the severity of a certain disease runoff and the age of the patients. During the study, data for n = 200 patients were collected and grouped according to the severity of the disease and the age of the patient. The table below shows the result

41349
252512
63315

Let us decided about the correlation between the age of the patients and the severity of disease progression. Solution to Question 17

Question 18 A publisher is interested in determine which of three book cover is most attractive. He interviews 400 people in each of the three states (California, Illinois and New York), and asks each person which of the  cover he or she prefers. The number of preference for each cover is as follows:

8160182323
789395266
241247123611
4004004001200

Do these data indicate that there are regional differences in people’s preferences concerning these covers? Use the 0.05 level of significance. Solution to Question 18

Question 19 Trees planted along the road were checked for which ones are healthy(H) or diseased (D) and the following arrangement of the trees were obtained:

H H H H D D D H H H H H H H D D H H D D D

Test at the    = 0.05 significance wether this arrangement may be regarded as random

Solution to Question 19 

Question 20 Suppose we flip a coin n = 15 times and come up with the following arrangements

H T T T H H T T T T H H T H H

(H = head, T = tail)

Test at the alpha = 0.05 significance level whether this arrangement may be regarded as random.

Solution to Question 20

kindsonthegenius

You might also like, chi-square test for independence – question 18 (a publisher is interested…), question 14 – chi-square goodness of fit test problem( can a dice be considered…), welch’s t-test – how and when to use it.

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Below are given the gain in weights (in lbs.) of pigs fed on two diet A and B Dieta 25 32 30 34 24 14 32 24 30 31 35 25 – – DietB 44 34 22 10 47 31 40 30 32 35 18 21 35 29

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  1. Formulating Hypothesis

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  3. Research methodology, Formulating a research hypothesis, and Review of research methodology

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COMMENTS

  1. PDF AP Statistics Testbank 7 Multiple-Choice Questions

    Multiple-Choice Questions 1) In formulating hypotheses for a statistical test of significance, the null hypothesis is often a) a statement of "no effect" or "no difference." b) the probability of observing the data you actually obtained. c) a statement that the data are all 0. d) a statement that the mean of the data is 0.

  2. Multiple Choice Quizzes

    Multiple Choice Quizzes. Try these quizzes to test your understanding. 1. A hypothesis is ______. a wished-for result that the researcher concludes the research with. a complicated set of sentences that pulls variables into proposed complex relationships. a conjecture that is grounded in support background originating from secondary research. 2.

  3. Chapter 1: Steps in the scientific method Flashcards

    Formulating hypothesis. Hypothesis is a testable prediction that derives logically from a theory. Hypothesis lead to predictions: An example of a hypothesis would be if you believed happy people, would be less aggressive. Empirical Research. Collecting and analyzing data.

  4. Chapter 9 Stats Flashcards

    Suppose a hypothesis test is conducted at the α=0.05 level, the null would be rejected for p-values between. -1 and 1. 0.05 and 1. 0 and 1. 0 and 0.05. 0 and 0.05. If the chosen significance level is α = 0.05, then there is a 5% chance of. accepting a false null hypothesis. accepting a true null hypothesis.

  5. Hypothesis Testing Practice Questions

    17 Multiple choice questions. Term. A method for testing a claim or hypothesis about a parameter in a population, using data measured in a sample, is called: A) the central limit theorem. B) hypothesis testing. C) significance testing.

  6. Hypothesis Testing Questions and Answers

    This set of Probability and Statistics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on "Testing of Hypothesis". 1. A statement made about a population for testing purpose is called? a) Statistic. b) Hypothesis. c) Level of Significance. d) Test-Statistic. View Answer. 2.

  7. How to Write a Strong Hypothesis

    5. Phrase your hypothesis in three ways. To identify the variables, you can write a simple prediction in if…then form. The first part of the sentence states the independent variable and the second part states the dependent variable. If a first-year student starts attending more lectures, then their exam scores will improve.

  8. Multiple Choice Quiz

    Multiple Choice Quiz. In the activity, you explored important steps in the scientific method. Which best describes the sequence you went through to figure out the relationship between bubble behavior and the background color? First, you observed bubbles on different background colors and formed questions. Second, you formulated a hypothesis ...

  9. Multiple Choice Questions

    The Research Process: A Quick Glance. Reviewing the Literature. Formulating a Research Problem. Identifying Variables. Constructing Hypotheses. The Research Design. Selecting a Study Design. Selecting a Method of Data Collection. Collecting Data Using Attitudinal Scales.

  10. Quiz 6: Formulating Hypotheses and Research Questions

    Question 1. ( Multiple Choice) Identify the independent variable in the following hypothesis: "Adults in an overweight group will have lower health responsibility scores compared to those in a normal weight group." Question 2. ( Multiple Choice) Hypotheses that do not specify a particular direction in relation to variables under study are called:

  11. Quiz 6: Formulating the Hypothesis

    The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis Hannah hypothesizes that Americans are happiest when the President is a Democrat.This hypothesis is ____, but not. ( Multiple Choice) 4.6/5 (6) Question 13. The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis "The taller you are, the faster your heart rate." This hypothesis is ____, but not.

  12. Scientific Method Unit Test

    Scientific Method Unit Test. 1. What skill is a scientist using when she listens to the sounds that whales makes. 2. What is the correct order of the steps in the scientific method. A) Ask questions, make a hypothesis, test the hypothesis, analyze results, draw conclusions, communicate results. B) Ask a question, make a hypothesis, test ...

  13. Hypothesis MCQ [Free PDF]

    Get Hypothesis Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ Quiz) with answers and detailed solutions. ... Hypothesis Question 3: A researcher observes that children who spend more time outdoors tend to have higher scores on standardized tests. Based on this observation, they propose a research hypothesis. ... Its formulation is based upon your own or ...

  14. Quiz & Worksheet

    The quiz will help you practice the following skills: Reading comprehension - ensure that you draw the most important information from the related research and null hypotheses lesson. Making ...

  15. Hypothesis Testing Multiple Choice Questions and Answers

    Free download in PDF Hypothesis Testing Multiple Choice Questions and Answers for competitive exams. These short objective type questions with answers are very important for Board exams as well as competitive exams. These short solved questions or quizzes are provided by Gkseries.

  16. Research Questions & Hypotheses

    The primary research question should originate from the hypothesis, not the data, and be established before starting the study. Formulating the research question and hypothesis from existing data (e.g., a database) can lead to multiple statistical comparisons and potentially spurious findings due to chance.

  17. PSYC: Chapter 1

    a curious psychologist sees something and wants to know how or why it is the way it is. This best describes. a. the first step in the scientific method: observing some phenomenon. b. the final step in the scientific method: evaluating conclusions. c. the second step in the scientific method: formulating hypotheses and predictions.

  18. Multiple Choice Questions on Scientific method

    Multiple Choice Questions on Scientific method. 1. Scientific method involves. a) Formulation of hypothesis. b) testing of hypothesis. c) analysis of data and drawing conclusion. d) all of the above. 2. In scientific method, a predictive statement about observation that can be tested scientifically is called.

  19. PDF MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Subject Research Methodology Unit I

    In the process of conducting research 'Formulation of Hypothesis" is followed by A. Statement of Objectives B. Analysis of Data C. Selection of Research Tools D. Collection of Data ... A. Multiple choice questions B. Dichotomous questions C. Open ended questions D. Structured questions Q 6. What are the core elements of a Research Process?

  20. Formulation of Research Problem MCQ [Free PDF]

    Get Formulation of Research Problem Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ Quiz) with answers and detailed solutions. ... formulating and testing the hypothesis through data collection, organization and analysis, making deductions and reaching of conclusion from the test results of the hypotheses, and reporting and evaluating the research ...

  21. psychology chapter 2 Flashcards

    true. True or false: The range is calculated by adding the highest and lowest scores in a data set and then dividing by the number of scores in the dataset. false. The average amount by which scores vary around the mean in a sample is the ______. standard deviation.

  22. Hypothesis Testing Solved Examples(Questions and Solutions)

    View Solution to Question 1. Question 2. A professor wants to know if her introductory statistics class has a good grasp of basic math. Six students are chosen at random from the class and given a math proficiency test. The professor wants the class to be able to score above 70 on the test. The six students get the following scores:62, 92, 75 ...

  23. Chp. 2 SmartBook Flashcards

    A psychologist has identified a question of interest for a scientific research study. Which of the following would be part of the process of formulating an explanation? Multiple choice question. Analyzing the data Developing a hypothesis Collecting the data Selecting a research method