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Harvard College Resumes & Cover Letter Guide

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A resume is a concise, informative summary of your abilities, education, and experience.

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Resumes: What You Need to Know

The resume is an opportunity to market yourself to a prospective employer. It should be succinct, target an employer's needs, and distinguish you from your competitors. Before you get started, think about your strengths, weaknesses, personal preferences, and motivations. You should also consider the company's needs, who your competition might be, and your unique skill set. The best way to convince employers that you will add value is to show them that you've done it before.

Alumni Resume Book

Our Alumni Resume Book connects you with organizations looking for talent. Visit 12twenty (our recruiting platform) and upload your resume to get started. You should complete your Profile in 12twenty by updating your Background tab which contains information about your career experience, skills, preferences and more. Ensuring your Background tab is complete and accurate will greatly improve your chance of being contacted by an organization. Looking to connect with fellow HBS alumni? Upload your resume to the Alumni Networking Resume Book to kick start those connections.

Resume Makeover Using VMock and Aspire  

Gain instant feedback on your resume and LinkedIn Profile

VMock is a smart career platform that provides instant personalized feedback on your resume and LinkedIn Profile to help improve aspects like presentation, language, and skills.

VMock Smart Editor tool will enable you to:

• Receive an objective score on your resume based on recruiter criteria
• Review line-for-line targeted feedback on your resume
• Re-upload your resume up to 10 times to track improvement

Sign up using your HBS email address. Account requests are granted within 24 business hours. During holidays and winter break (December 24th – January 1st) turnaround time will be delayed until the CPD office reopens. Please note, we recommend you review your resume before considering it final.

Resumes: Sections, Templates & Examples

• Contact details - Let others know who you are and how to get in touch with you. In addition to your name, you should list your mailing address, phone number, and email address. It is expected to be found at the top of the page. No need to include it on additional pages.
• Professional history - Start with your most recent role and list in descending chronology. For each role, provide a sentence or two that describes the scope of your responsibility. Then in bullet format, provide accomplishment statements. To write an accomplishment statement, state the problem you encountered, the action you took and the result or impact of your actions. For example, "Led team in implementing a new general ledger package by providing expertise and encouragement, which contributed to a successful, on-time project completion."
• Education - Spell out your degree so it will stand out better. It is not necessary to include your GPA or GMAT score. Do not list courses. Do list any leadership roles or study abroad experiences.
• Summary/Profile - A great opportunity to tell the reader exactly what you want them to know. It should be 3-4 sentences in paragraph form following your contact information. Be careful not to load up on overused resume jargon and avoid listing previous jobs/education as it is redundant. Instead, focus on your branding statement, unique themes in your career path, and skills.
• Key skills - Listing your skills is a great way for the reader to quickly evaluate your skill set. List skills that are relevant to your next position. For each skill, you will need a proof statement in the form of an accomplishment stated in the professional experience section. A good way to set up this section is in 2 or 3 columns with 3-4 skills in each column. The heading could be "Key Areas of Expertise" or "Core Competencies".
• Personal/Interests - Only include if it helps tell your story.
• Additional roles - If you participate in organizations outside of your professional employment, you may list these in a separate section. Headings are typically "Volunteer Leadership Roles" or "Community Service".
• Licenses and Professional Certifications - If you possess a license or certification, these should be called out in a separate section.
• Objective - No longer in style. Do not include in your resume.
• References available upon request - No longer in style. Do not include in your resume.
• Zip file of all resume templates (login required)

Chronological - This is the most commonly used layout. Recommended for a mostly consistent record of employment showing progression/growth from position to position. Not recommended for gaps in employment dates, those out of job market for some time, or changing careers.

• Template 1 (login required)
• Template 2 (login required)
• Template 3 (login required)
• Template 4 (login required)
• Sample 1: C-Level Resume (login required)
• Sample 2: Consulting to Operating Company Resume (login required)
• Sample 3: VP with Long Tenure Resume (login required)
• Sample 4: Exec. Ed. with Long Tenure Resume (login required)
• Sample 5: Financial Services Resume (login required)

Streamlined Chronological - This layout also shows progression from one job to the next, but does not include extra sections such as Summary/Profile or Areas of Expertise. Recommended for recent alumni.

• Template: Streamlined Chronological (login required)

Chronological/Functional Hybrid Resume - In this layout, you can highlight your employment history in a straight chronological manner, but also make it immediately clear you have filled a variety of roles that use different but related skill sets. This is useful to provide a few accomplishments in the beginning to show a theme. Each role would also have specific accomplishment statements.

• Template: Chronological/Functional Hybrid (login required)
• Sample: Accomplishment Focus Resume (login required)

Cover Letter Writing

It is essential to send a cover letter with your resume to provide a recruiter with insight into your qualifications, experience, and motivation for seeking a position. The letter also conveys your personal communication style, tone, and professionalism. An effective employment letter should:

• Be targeted and personalized
• State why you are interested in the company
• Explain how you can fill a need
• Convey your enthusiasm about the opportunity
• Suggest next steps for communication and action

Guidelines & Examples

Investigate your target company. What is the company's "breaking news?" What drives their business? What are their greatest challenges and opportunities? How can you contribute? eBaker can help with your research.

Outline your objectives using relevant information that attracts the attention of the reader.

• Salutation Address the letter to a specific person. Capture the reader's attention and briefly introduce yourself. Mention the referral/company contact, if applicable. State the purpose of your letter.
• Body Describe relevant information you discovered about the company. Discuss the position offered or the position you are looking for. Detail how your skills will benefit the company.
• Closing Convey your enthusiasm. Anticipate response.

Pay close attention to sentence structure, spelling, and punctuation. Always print your letter to check for typographical errors. Have a friend, colleague, or family member review your letter whenever possible.

Cover letters are the place to briefly and directly address the gap in your career. For example, "I am returning to the workforce after a period of raising children." Then address your strengths, qualifications and goals. Emphasize your excitement and preparedness to re-enter the workforce now.

Response to Identified Advertisement (pdf)

Branding You

Resume writing tips  , creating visual impact.

A concise, visually appealing resume will make a stronger impression than a dense, text-laden document. Respect page margins and properly space the text. Learn to appreciate the value of "white space." Limit a resume to one or two pages but not one and ¼. Ensure content is balanced on both pages. A CV is typically longer because it includes additional sections such as publications and research.

Use Parallel Construction

Select a consistent order of information, format, and spacing. If one experience starts with a brief overview followed by bullet points, subsequent experiences should follow a similar form. Parallel construction—including the use of action verbs (pdf) (login required) to start all phrases—greatly enhances a resume's readability.

Always Proofread

Pay close attention to margin alignment, spelling, punctuation, and dates. Read your resume backward to check for typographical errors. (You will focus on individual words, rather than the meaning of the text.) Better yet, have a friend, colleague, or family member review your resume.

Use Action Verbs

Action Verbs List (login required)

Improve Your Writing

Common questions, past program resources  .

How to Build a Resume that Stands Above the Competition

Dadang Oray

Website for E-commerce Business

A website for eCommerce business is a digital platform that allows businesses to sell products or services online, reaching a global audience and offering 24/7 accessibility. These websites are designed with features such as product catalogs, secure payment gateways, and inventory management, providing a seamless shopping experience for customers. Additionally, they offer tools for marketing, customer engagement, and business scalability.

Conducting an eCommerce evaluation helps businesses assess the effectiveness of their website, focusing on user experience, conversion rates, SEO performance, and overall functionality. A well-optimized website for eCommerce business is essential for maximizing sales, building credibility, and fostering customer loyalty in today’s digital marketplace.

List of Popular Websites for E-commerce Business

E-commerce has revolutionized the way businesses operate, providing entrepreneurs with the ability to sell products and services globally. A strong online presence is essential for success, and choosing the right platform to host an e-commerce business is crucial.

Here is a list of some of the most popular e-commerce platforms that cater to different business needs, offering various features and functionalities to help businesses thrive online.

Shopify is one of the most widely used e-commerce platforms globally, known for its ease of use and versatility. It is ideal for businesses of all sizes, from small startups to large enterprises. Shopify provides a user-friendly interface, a variety of customizable templates, and an extensive app marketplace to enhance your store’s functionality. Key features include integrated payment processing, inventory management, SEO optimization, and multichannel selling through platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Amazon.

• Best for: Small to medium-sized businesses, beginners
• Key features: Easy setup, built-in SEO, wide range of apps
• Pricing: Starts at $39 per month

2. WooCommerce

WooCommerce is a free WordPress plugin that turns any WordPress website into an e-commerce store. It is one of the most popular platforms due to its flexibility and customization options. Since WooCommerce operates within WordPress, users have access to a vast library of themes and plugins, allowing businesses to build a fully customized online store. WooCommerce is highly scalable and works well for businesses that want to manage their store content, blog, and products all in one place.

• Best for: Businesses with a WordPress website, those seeking high customization
• Key features: Free to use, highly customizable, open-source
• Pricing: Free (with optional paid extensions)

3. BigCommerce

BigCommerce is a robust e-commerce platform designed to cater to businesses looking for scalability. It offers a range of features like mobile optimization, secure payment gateways, and tools for handling larger product catalogs. BigCommerce’s strong built-in SEO features help businesses rank higher on search engines, making it a great choice for brands looking to grow rapidly. It also supports selling on multiple channels, such as Amazon, eBay, and social media.

• Best for: Large-scale businesses or fast-growing startups
• Key features: Advanced SEO tools, scalability, multichannel selling

4. Magento (Adobe Commerce)

Magento , now part of Adobe Commerce, is a powerful and flexible open-source e-commerce platform that is popular among large enterprises. It offers extensive customization options, allowing businesses to create unique and tailored shopping experiences. While Magento offers a free community version, the enterprise-level version is designed for companies with high traffic and complex needs. Its strong features include advanced analytics, high scalability, and the ability to handle large volumes of products and transactions.

• Best for: Large enterprises with technical expertise
• Key features: Highly customizable, scalable, powerful analytics
• Pricing: Free (community version) or enterprise pricing (based on needs)

5. Wix eCommerce

Wix eCommerce is an affordable and easy-to-use platform ideal for small businesses or beginners. Wix provides drag-and-drop website building tools, making it accessible even for those without technical knowledge. Its templates are visually appealing, and it includes basic e-commerce functionalities like payment processing, product galleries, and mobile optimization. Wix is great for businesses looking to create a simple and attractive store quickly.

• Best for: Small businesses, freelancers, or those seeking simplicity
• Key features: Drag-and-drop website builder, visually appealing templates, ease of use
• Pricing: Starts at $27 per month

6. Squarespace

Squarespace is known for its beautifully designed templates and is often used by creative professionals and businesses that value aesthetics. In addition to its strong visual appeal, Squarespace offers e-commerce functionality, allowing businesses to create an online store, sell products, manage inventory, and track orders. It’s a great platform for small to medium-sized businesses, especially those in design-centric industries.

• Best for: Creative professionals, small businesses
• Key features: Stunning design templates, all-in-one platform, built-in SEO
• Pricing: Starts at $33 per month for e-commerce plans

Etsy is a marketplace tailored to artisans, crafters, and sellers of handmade or vintage products. Unlike the other platforms, Etsy is not a website builder but an online marketplace that allows small businesses and individuals to sell their products on a global scale. It provides a simple way to reach a large audience, and its built-in search functionality helps sellers connect with potential customers quickly.

• Best for: Artisans, crafters, sellers of handmade or vintage items
• Key features: Built-in marketplace audience, low setup effort
• Pricing: Listing fees and transaction fees per sale

8. Weebly (by Square)

Weebly , now owned by Square, is a simple and affordable e-commerce platform that is ideal for small businesses, freelancers, and entrepreneurs who need a basic online store. Its drag-and-drop builder makes it easy to design a store without any coding knowledge. Weebly also integrates seamlessly with Square for payment processing, which is perfect for businesses that also operate physical stores.

• Best for: Small businesses, freelancers, entrepreneurs
• Key features: Easy-to-use drag-and-drop builder, seamless integration with Square
• Pricing: Starts at $12 per month for the basic e-commerce plan

Ecwid is a versatile e-commerce platform that allows businesses to add an online store to their existing website or social media pages. It is easy to integrate with platforms like WordPress, Wix, and social media channels, making it ideal for businesses that already have a website or a strong social media presence. Ecwid provides essential e-commerce tools like payment processing, inventory management, and multichannel selling at an affordable price.

• Best for: Businesses with existing websites or strong social media presence
• Key features: Easily integrates with existing websites, multichannel selling
• Pricing: Free for basic plan, with premium plans starting at $15 per month

10. PrestaShop

PrestaShop is an open-source e-commerce platform that offers flexibility and scalability for businesses with technical expertise. It provides a robust platform for building highly customized stores. PrestaShop is ideal for businesses that want full control over their store’s design and functionality, though it requires more technical knowledge compared to other platforms. It offers a variety of modules and themes to suit various business needs.

• Best for: Tech-savvy businesses, medium to large companies
• Key features: Open-source, highly customizable, scalability
• Pricing: Free (with paid modules and themes)

Choosing the right e-commerce platform depends on your business needs, budget, and technical expertise. Whether you’re a small business looking for simplicity and affordability or a large enterprise in need of advanced customization and scalability, there is an e-commerce platform tailored for you. Platforms like Shopify, WooCommerce, BigCommerce, and Magento offer various features that can cater to different types of businesses, ensuring a seamless and successful online selling experience.

The Importance of a Website for an E-commerce Business

In this section, we will discuss the key reasons why a website is crucial for e-commerce businesses, focusing on accessibility, credibility, customer engagement, and business growth.

1. Global Accessibility and Convenience

The most significant advantage of an e-commerce website is the ability to reach customers globally, 24/7. Unlike a physical store that operates within certain hours and serves a limited geographical area, a website is accessible to anyone with an internet connection. This increased accessibility allows businesses to expand their customer base beyond local boundaries and tap into international markets.

For customers, the convenience of shopping anytime, anywhere—whether from a smartphone, tablet, or computer—adds immense value to the shopping experience. They no longer need to visit physical stores or adhere to store hours, making shopping more efficient and enjoyable.

2. Building Credibility and Trust

In today’s market, consumers often expect businesses to have an online presence. A well-structured website is a powerful tool for building credibility. When customers visit a professional-looking website with clear product descriptions, pricing, and contact information, they are more likely to trust the business.

E-commerce websites that feature customer reviews, secure payment methods, and easy return policies further enhance this trust. In contrast, businesses without an online presence may be viewed as outdated or less reliable. Therefore, a website not only serves as a sales platform but also as a credibility booster for the brand.

3. Enhanced Customer Engagement

A website is more than just an online storefront; it is a platform for customer interaction. With features such as chatbots, customer reviews, and personalized product recommendations, businesses can engage with customers in real time and offer a personalized shopping experience.

Moreover, e-commerce websites provide valuable insights into customer behavior through data analytics, helping businesses tailor their offerings to meet customer preferences.

By creating a user-friendly interface and offering excellent customer service, businesses can foster customer loyalty and encourage repeat purchases.

4. Cost-Effective Marketing and Scalability

Traditional brick-and-mortar stores come with high operational costs, including rent, utilities, and staff wages. In contrast, an e-commerce website significantly reduces these expenses while providing an efficient and scalable platform for business growth.

Digital marketing strategies such as search engine optimization (SEO), social media advertising, and email campaigns are more cost-effective than traditional marketing methods.

A website also allows businesses to quickly update product listings, launch new items, and adjust pricing without the need for physical inventory changes.

As the business grows, the website can scale accordingly, handling higher traffic and a larger product catalog without the limitations of a physical store.

5. Increased Sales and Revenue Opportunities

An e-commerce website allows businesses to operate beyond local markets, which in turn increases sales potential. Customers can shop from different time zones, and with targeted marketing efforts, businesses can attract a wider audience. Furthermore, online stores provide opportunities for upselling and cross-selling through personalized product recommendations and promotions.

By offering a variety of payment methods and a streamlined checkout process, businesses can reduce cart abandonment rates and improve their conversion rates, ultimately boosting revenue.

6. Leveraging Data and Analytics

One of the most valuable aspects of an e-commerce website is the ability to collect and analyze customer data. Website analytics provide insights into customer demographics, shopping behavior, and purchasing trends. This data allows businesses to make informed decisions about inventory management, marketing strategies, and product development.

By understanding customer preferences, businesses can optimize their product offerings and enhance the overall shopping experience, leading to increased customer satisfaction and business growth.

In conclusion, a website is indispensable for any e-commerce business in today’s digital economy. It offers global accessibility, builds credibility, enhances customer engagement, and provides cost-effective marketing opportunities. More importantly, it allows businesses to scale, increase sales, and leverage data to make strategic decisions. As more consumers continue to embrace online shopping, e-commerce businesses must invest in creating a robust, user-friendly, and secure website to remain competitive and meet the evolving needs of their customers. The future of retail is undoubtedly digital, and having a strong online presence is key to thriving in this new era.