global warming thesis statements

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Global Warming Thesis Statement Ideas

Rapidly declining Arctic sea ice offers one topic for a paper on global warming.

Economic Impact of Coastal Erosion

Global warming is a complex problem that often sparks policy debates. When writing about it, stick to the facts and make sure that your thesis statement -- the central assertion of your essay -- is supported by research. Some global warming topics have produced extensive research worldwide and can serve as topical guides in formulating your thesis statement.

Manmade Causes versus Natural Causes

The causes of global warming are complex, including natural and man-made emissions of carbon dioxide and methane. Use your thesis to highlight the difference between natural sources and man-made sources. For example, according to the Environmental Protection Agency, carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere have risen from 280 parts per million in the 18th century to 390 parts per million in 2010. Human activities release more than 30 billion tons of carbon dioxide each year, or 135 times as much as volcanoes. Focus your thesis on this discrepancy, how man-made carbon dioxide sources such as fossil fuel consumption, have eclipsed natural sources of the gas.

Rising Temperatures and Declining Sea Ice

Your thesis statement may focus on the relationship between rising surface temperatures and declining sea ice, specifically ice in the Arctic. For instance, since 1901, sea surface temperatures have risen at an average rate of 0.13 degrees Fahrenheit per decade, with the highest rates of change occurring in the past three decades alone, according to the EPA.

Your thesis may establish the inverse relationship between these rising surface temperatures and the shrinking ice coverage in the Arctic. Arctic sea ice extent in December 2014, for instance, was the ninth lowest in the satellite record. The rate of decline for December ice alone is 3.4 percent per decade, according to the National Snow and Ice Data Center.

Effects of Melting Glaciers on Water Supply

Along with sea ice, many of the world’s glaciers are melting due to climate change. Since the 1960s, the U.S. Geological Survey has tracked the mass of two glaciers in Alaska and one in Washington state, all three of which have shrunk considerably in the past 40 years.

Research other mountain ranges and compare the glaciological data. Use your thesis to answer the question of what melting glaciers will mean for populations dependent on the ice flows for their fresh water supply. For example, much of Peru’s population depends on Andean glaciers not only for drinking water but for hydroelectricity.

Effects of Drought on Food Production

While global warming is projected to raise sea levels and flooding in coastal regions, it’s also been credited for changes in weather patterns and extreme drought, according to the EPA. In the arid American Southwest, for example, average annual temperatures have increased about 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit over the past century, leading to decreased snowpack, extreme drought, wildfires and fierce competition for remaining water supplies.

As drought still rages in this region, your thesis can explore the relationship between global warming and agriculture, specifically in California’s Central Valley, which provides produce for much of the country. It’s possible that hotter, longer growing seasons are beneficial to California crops, but that shrinking water supplies threaten the viability of commercial agriculture.

Ocean Acidification and Global Seafood Stocks

Increased carbon dioxide emissions don't just impact our air quality. These emissions also result in increased acidity of our planet's oceans. An immense range of shellfish and other molluscs, such as clams, oysters, crabs, lobsters and more, face immediate population decline due to ocean acidification weakening their calcium carbonate shells.

Your thesis can explore the mechanics of ocean acidification as well as the potential economic impact to the fisheries that rely upon these marine animals for survival. You can also explore the potential ecosystem impact for the predators that feed upon these animals.

Ice caps melting facts, efforts to protect the tundra, what drives the process of plate tectonics, effect of human activities on the environment, the top 10 topics for research papers, how to calculate a p-value, how to make a glacier, persuasive speech topics on water, brine vs. conductivity, how to do a bell curve on a ti, how to contact your representative about climate change, how to calculate exceedance probability, what is the meaning of sample size, the difference between an earthquake & a volcano, the history of volcanology, how bitcoin is polluting the planet, how to report a sample size, the effects of human intervention on the environment, the scientist henry hess invented what kind of devices.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Causes of Climate Change
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Climate Change Indicators in the United States
National Snow and Ice Data Center: Artic Sea Ice News and Analysis
U.S. Geological Survey: 3-Glacier Mass Balance Summary
National Geographic: Signs from Earth: The Big Thaw
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Climate Impacts in the Southwest
Alaska Public Media: Ocean Acidification

About the Author

Scott Neuffer is an award-winning journalist and writer who lives in Nevada. He holds a bachelor's degree in English and spent five years as an education and business reporter for Sierra Nevada Media Group. His first collection of short stories, "Scars of the New Order," was published in 2014.

Photo Credits

Purestock/Purestock/Getty Images

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Global Warming Thesis Statement Topics & Guide On How To Write

Global warming has increased globally over the last six years. With the melting of the ice rocks at the arctic and Antarctic poles, there is a need to worry. The frequent fires at the Amazon forest have also been witnessed in recent years. It is therefore impossible to miss a global warming thesis in light of all these developments.

What Is Global Warming?

It is a phenomenon of climate change characterized by a general increase in the earth’s average temperatures. These developments modify weather balances and ecosystems for a long time. Global warming continues to be the greatest challenge of the 21st century with the industrial and technological innovations taking place.

The impacts of global warming are adverse, and that is why it is a global pandemic.

How To Write a Thesis About Global Warming

A paper on global warming can be said to be one of the cheapest to write. The backing for this statement is the extensive research in this area. However, some students still have difficulties writing a climate change thesis.

So, what is a thesis statement for global warming?

It is found in the introduction section of the essay or research paper. A research paper has three parts:

Introduction

Therefore, the thesis statement on global warming falls in the first section, and it expresses the main idea of your paper or essay. An impressive thesis statement for global warming has to meet the criteria highlighted below:

It must be specific
It should summarize what you intend to cover in your paper
It should highlight the scope of your study

The global warming thesis statement research paper appears in the last line of your paper’s first paragraph.

What Constitutes A Strong Global Warming Thesis Statement?

When writing a thesis on climate change, interrogate the following questions:

Does it answer the question? – Helps you remain focused on the question Is my position on the topic debatable? – Are there opposing ideas to your thesis statement? Have I specified my stance well enough? – Does it address a specific issue? Does it pass the ‘so what’ question? – Ensure that it clarifies any penitent issue at hand Do I have enough evidence to back up my thesis statement? Does it answer the ‘how and why’ question?

Now that global warming is a large field with subsequent segments, ensure that you plan on what you specifically intend to cover beforehand. Your thesis statement will dictate the paper’s direction; therefore, make it as precise and manageable as possible.

Formula For Writing A Climate Change Thesis Statement

Most students prefer a template to have a good starting point for their thesis statement. Below are is a template you can use when thinking of writing a global warming thesis statement.

“Global warming is a leading cause of health-related problems.”

From the example above, you can note that we have mentioned the issue at hand (global warming) and the paper’s direction (health effects of global warming). Since global warming affects many spheres of life, it is necessary to narrow down one in your thesis statement.

A climate change thesis will require you to identify a specific area of implication, which you will tackle in the rest of your paper. Narrowing it down will help you major in one area and prevent you from wandering about in your paper.

Expert Tips For A Global Warming Thesis Statement

On top of considering the format of your thesis statement, there are other critical considerations for a thesis statement on global warming:

Position: It comes at the beginning of your essay paper. Its strategic position is in line with its purpose – to tell the reader what you will discuss.
Length: Depending on the number of arguments you will cover, a thesis statement can either be long or short. In most cases, a thesis statement is one sentence long that is concise. The number of words is approximately 30 to 40 words long.
Strength: Have an arguable statement for your thesis on climate change. It should not be apparent, or one that everyone agrees is true.

Below are global warming thesis statement ideas that you can find motivation from for your global warming thesis:

Global warming is adversely affecting marine life, especially in the polar regions
An analysis of climate change reveals one challenge facing Mother Nature: Depletion of natural resources
High temperatures typically characterize global warming
Global warming should be treated as a global pandemic to increase its awareness globally.
To eradicate global warming, experts have to adhere to strict scientific ethics and principles.

Identify the purpose of your paper first (to persuade, inform, or argue) and then make it evident in the thesis statement .

Let us explore some global warming topics for the research paper:

Global Warming Research Paper Topics

The role of UNEP is creating awareness and sensitization towards the adverse effects of global warming
How industrialization is slowly depleting the ozone layer
Increase in greenhouse gases: Are human activities the leading cause of the rising temperature levels?
How exploitation of forests is leading to climate change
The adverse effects of fossil fuels on climate change: A case study of gas, oil, and burning charcoal

Anti-Global Warming Thesis Topics

How fungicides and pesticides are affecting the safety and portability of water
The role of reliable waste management Programmes in reducing garbage levels
Why the use of explosives in mining should be prohibited: An analysis of cyanide and mercury effects.
Why stiffer penalties and fines should be imposed on offenders of climate change
The need to create a multi-agency body specifically for monitoring the global warming situation and providing recommendations

You can consider the topics above to write on or further your research on global warming as a world pandemic.

By the way, we not only provide good topics for your research paper. We provide professional thesis writing help for those seeking a paper from scratch. All you need to do is click the ‘write my thesis’ tab and get your fully furnished paper in no time!

Global Warming Topics with Thesis Statement Suggestions

It is hard to close your eyes to the fact that the current state of our ecosystem is in danger. This problem is not only a burden for scientists and scholars but all of us as well. When students try to get in-depth knowledge of global warming and overall ecological problems worldwide, it helps governments implement new precautions and climate-saving programs.

A conscious approach to topic selection helps students write an engaging piece of work that can impact our future. Therefore, in the guide prepared by our essay writing service , you can get powerful ideas for your eco projects that our specialists have prepared for you.

Causes of global warming

Understanding what is behind global warming is crucial for students’ research. Consider these problems as tips to choose a global warming topic.

Factory farming and its vast volume of greenhouse cases.
Biochemical pollution and a wide range of potentially lethal toxins from factories.
Natural resource consumption in business and its impact on climate change.
Forest destruction threatens to increase the global warming problem.
Refusing plastic sorting is dangerous for the planet.
Factors that contribute to temperature increase worldwide.
Vanishing water resources.
Ignoring the power of technology and communication solving the global warming catastrophe.
Lack of global awareness campaigns.
Landscape deformation and its effect on flora and fauna.

Actually, there are many fields that a student and an essay writer can consider while choosing the topic for their ecological research. In this article, you can find topics from many categories and select the most appealing for your task.

Essay topics on global warming and humanity’s influence

How does the NRDC manage global warming?
How does global warming affect American industry?
What is the connection of global warming and the implications for Minnesota?
What are global reports on climate change?
Human endeavor in global warming.
The influence of global warming on human behavior.
Is global warming an anthropogenic cause or is it the nature of the Earth’s system?
Can we sustain the discrepancy between those who deny it and the existence of solid evidence of global warming’s validity?
Is global warming a myth?
What are the effects of burning fossil fuel for transportation on global warming in Beijing, China, and possible solutions for the future?
Does global warming increase the severity and frequency of hurricanes and typhoons? Compare and contrast evidence for the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.
How dangerous is the threat of floods caused by global warming?
What are consequences and remedies of global warming?
Does tracking contribute to global warming?
How does global warming impact the tourism and hospitality industry?
If human activity is contributing to global warming, how significant is the contribution?
What is the ethical standpoint of global warming?
Should carbon trading policies be used to combat global warming?
What has the insurance industry done, or what should they do with global warming?
How will humanity fair in the future with current global warming rates?
How big is your protein footprint? Does a meat-rich diet have a negative impact on our environment? Does it contribute to global warming?
What to choose: global warming or global cooling?

Topics of global warming related to politics

Do some governments have an interest in not preventing global warming?
How does politics influence global warming?
How do international treaties influence global warming?
How can politics stop global warming?
Can global warming be stabilized by politics?
Are political decisions the main reason for global warming?
What are politicians doing to prevent global warming, and is it enough?
What is the political issue of global warming?
What is the role of politics in global warming?
What do politicians fail to do to stop global warming?

Topics of global warming related to biology

What effect does global warming have on biodiversity?
How does global warming influence food?
Why do some people think that global warming is good for the animals?
What are the effects of global warming on plants?
What are solutions to protect animals from global warming?
What is the phenomenon of global warming denial and its impact on animals?
What is the relationship between global warming and extinction of species?
Is global warming harmful to human health?
What is the influence of global warming on population shift?
What is the connection of human health and climate change?
Global warming and climate control: is man the enemy of the planet?
The shrinking of the Greenland ice sheet due to global warming.
Death of coral reefs because of global warming.
Is global warming a natural cycle?
What is the effect of global warming on ecosystems?

Topics of global warming in history

What is the evidence for environmental change during historic times?
During their eight years in office, the Obama administration took concrete steps to limit climate change and foster adaptation and resilience in the USA and its territories. What are these steps?
Where did global warming come from?
When did the first evidence that polar bears are dying out because of the global warming appear?
When did indigenous people in Alaska get exposed to global warming?
How could we have stopped global warming ten years ago?
When did scientists notice the effects of global warming on animals for the first time?
How did chemical engineering influence global warming over time?
Within our lifetime, how will global warming affect us, specifically, within the United States?
How has agriculture been influenced by global warming over the past few years?
What are the recent and anticipated physical, social (including health), and economic impacts of ongoing global warming on Australia?
Problem and solution of global warming in the Pacific Ocean due to the rise of the sea and salinity levels in the past 20 years.

Global warming topics related to movies, articles, and books

Analyze Al Gore’s documentary on global warming. What is the main theme of it?
Analyze the Rolling Stone article on climate change and national security. Does this article address the issue of national security as implications of the phenomenon of climate change?
According to computer climate models, how does the soil type result in different tree species becoming prevalent? Use the article “Crossroads of Climate Change” to answer the question.
Analyze “Summary for Policymakers” from the 2014 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) synthesis report and express your attitude.
Research the topic of the cartoon about global warming by Glenn McCoy, and write on the subject presented by the artist.
Analysis of the argument on Bill Mckibben’s Rolling Stone article “Global Warming’s Terrifying New Math.”
Analyze David Attenborough’s video on global impacts of climate change and present your attitude about it.

Global warming speech topics

Negative impacts of a warmer global climate on human health.
Negative impacts of a warmer global climate on northern Minnesota.
The evidence that scientists use to study and make predictions about global climate change.
Global warming effects on business in Florida.
The change in the atmosphere that influences the change in the global climate.
The difference between the war on global warming and the war on terror.
The difference between natural and anthropogenic climate changes.
The effect of global warming on rising sea levels.
The theory that best explains why some countries are ignoring global warming and others are not.
Connection between global warming and urbanization.

Global warming topics on the greenhouse effect

What is the greenhouse effect and its influence on the Earth’s environment?
What is the process by which greenhouse gasses absorb atmospheric heat and radiate it back onto the Earth’s surface?
What are three things individuals can do to reduce greenhouse gas emissions?
What are strategies for reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere?
Why do Canada’s greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase?
Pros and cons of the greenhouse effect.
Possible caused human global warming due to greenhouse gas emissions.
Ozone depletion and the green house effect.

Examples of thesis statements for global warming topics

Topic: Is global warming a catastrophe that warrants immediate action? Thesis statement: We do not see CO2. This is an invisible threat, but quite real. This means an increase in global temperatures, an increase in extreme weather events such as floods, melting ice, and rising sea levels, and an increase in ocean acidity.

Topic: Why is global warming influencing people? Thesis statement : Scientists, after analyzing the results of research in more than 60 fields of science, concluded that a change in temperature leads to a surge in aggression. Extensive research has revealed a strong relationship between outbreaks of aggression and global warming.

Topic: Is global warming a hoax or exaggerated? Thesis statement: Climate change leads to overflowing rivers all over the world, the water level in reservoirs will increase markedly, and heavy rains and storms in many regions will become even more devastating.

Topic: How does global warming affect the weather? Thesis statement: Environmentalists say that there are more and more frequent sharp changes in weather, storm winds, hurricanes, tornadoes, and abnormally high and abnormally low temperatures. According to experts, the cause of these phenomena is the global climate change.

Global Warming Thesis Statement Requirements

Learn ecology better with a reliable writing service

Students who dive into global warming awareness become great activists that can save our planet. They awaken consciousness among various social groups and easily explain why saving the planet can be possible when each participates. Choosing the topic for an academic paper should be considered carefully because the work a student creates can be fundamental for a life-changing speech.

At our service, students can get educational assistance for a reasonable price. Find a custom writer by leaving an order with your specific instructions or read more articles in our blog. If you are engaged in ecological issues, you can read an extended list of ecology paper topics and discover more informative sources for your research. EssayShark is here so you can expand the horizons of your knowledge!

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Photo by Pexels from Pixabay

7 thoughts on “ Global Warming Topics with Thesis Statement Suggestions ”

this post helped me not only with a topic but with a thesis on climate change too. Thanx!

Oh Lord, what a nice collection of topics!!!

Pretty helpful

looks like a helpful post to me

I was searching for climate change argumentative essay topics for 2 days! Thank god I found them!!!

It seems to me that here are the best climate change essay topics!!!

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Climate change thesis statement examples.

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Climate change is an urgent global issue, characterized by rising temperatures, melting glaciers, and extreme weather events. Writing a thesis on this topic requires a clear and concise statement that guides the reader through the significance, focus, and scope of your study. In this piece, we will explore various examples of good and bad thesis statements related to climate change to guide students in crafting compelling research proposals.

Good Examples

Focused Approach: “This thesis will analyze the impact of climate change on the intensity and frequency of hurricanes, using data from the last three decades.” Lack of Focus: “Climate change affects weather patterns.”

The good statement is specific, indicating a focus on hurricanes and providing a time frame. In contrast, the bad statement is too vague, covering a broad topic without any specific angle.

Clear Stance: “Implementing carbon taxes is an effective strategy for governments to incentivize companies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.” Not So Clear: “Carbon taxes might be good for the environment.”

The good statement takes a clear position in favor of carbon taxes, while the bad statement is indecisive, not providing a clear standpoint.

Researchable and Measurable: “The thesis explores the correlation between the rise in global temperatures and the increase in the extinction rates of North American mammal species.” Dull: “Global warming is harmful to animals.”

The good statement is researchable and measurable, with clear variables and a focused geographic location, while the bad statement is generic and lacks specificity.

Bad Examples

Overly Broad: “Climate change is a global problem that needs to be addressed.”

This statement, while true, is overly broad and doesn’t propose a specific area of focus, making it inadequate for guiding a research study.

Lack of Clear Argument: “Climate change has some negative and positive effects.”

This statement doesn’t take a clear stance or highlight specific effects, making it weak and uninformative.

Unoriginal and Unengaging: “Climate change is real.”

While the statement is factual, it doesn’t present an original argument or engage the reader with a specific area of climate change research.

Crafting a compelling thesis statement on climate change is crucial for directing your research and presenting a clear, focused, and arguable position. A good thesis statement should be specific, take a clear stance, and be researchable and measurable. Avoid overly broad, unclear, unoriginal, or unengaging statements that do not provide clear direction or focus for your research. Utilizing the examples provided, students can navigate the intricate process of developing thesis statements that are not only academically rigorous but also intriguing and relevant to the pressing issue of climate change.

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Essay on Global Warming

Updated on
Apr 27, 2024

Being able to write an essay is an integral part of mastering any language. Essays form an integral part of many academic and scholastic exams like the SAT, and UPSC amongst many others. It is a crucial evaluative part of English proficiency tests as well like IELTS, TOEFL, etc. Major essays are meant to emphasize public issues of concern that can have significant consequences on the world. To understand the concept of Global Warming and its causes and effects, we must first examine the many factors that influence the planet’s temperature and what this implies for the world’s future. Here’s an unbiased look at the essay on Global Warming and other essential related topics.

Short Essay on Global Warming and Climate Change?

Since the industrial and scientific revolutions, Earth’s resources have been gradually depleted. Furthermore, the start of the world’s population’s exponential expansion is particularly hard on the environment. Simply put, as the population’s need for consumption grows, so does the use of natural resources , as well as the waste generated by that consumption.

Climate change has been one of the most significant long-term consequences of this. Climate change is more than just the rise or fall of global temperatures; it also affects rain cycles, wind patterns, cyclone frequencies, sea levels, and other factors. It has an impact on all major life groupings on the planet.

What is Global Warming?

Global warming is the unusually rapid increase in Earth’s average surface temperature over the past century, primarily due to the greenhouse gases released by people burning fossil fuels . The greenhouse gases consist of methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, carbon dioxide, water vapour, and chlorofluorocarbons. The weather prediction has been becoming more complex with every passing year, with seasons more indistinguishable, and the general temperatures hotter.

The number of hurricanes, cyclones, droughts, floods, etc., has risen steadily since the onset of the 21st century. The supervillain behind all these changes is Global Warming. The name is quite self-explanatory; it means the rise in the temperature of the Earth.

What are the Causes of Global Warming?

According to recent studies, many scientists believe the following are the primary four causes of global warming:

Deforestation
Greenhouse emissions
Carbon emissions per capita

Extreme global warming is causing natural disasters , which can be seen all around us. One of the causes of global warming is the extreme release of greenhouse gases that become trapped on the earth’s surface, causing the temperature to rise. Similarly, volcanoes contribute to global warming by spewing excessive CO2 into the atmosphere.

The increase in population is one of the major causes of Global Warming. This increase in population also leads to increased air pollution . Automobiles emit a lot of CO2, which remains in the atmosphere. This increase in population is also causing deforestation, which contributes to global warming.

The earth’s surface emits energy into the atmosphere in the form of heat, keeping the balance with the incoming energy. Global warming depletes the ozone layer, bringing about the end of the world. There is a clear indication that increased global warming will result in the extinction of all life on Earth’s surface.

Also Read: Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation, and Wildlife Resources

Solutions for Global Warming

Of course, industries and multinational conglomerates emit more carbon than the average citizen. Nonetheless, activism and community effort are the only viable ways to slow the worsening effects of global warming. Furthermore, at the state or government level, world leaders must develop concrete plans and step-by-step programmes to ensure that no further harm is done to the environment in general.

Although we are almost too late to slow the rate of global warming, finding the right solution is critical. Everyone, from individuals to governments, must work together to find a solution to Global Warming. Some of the factors to consider are pollution control, population growth, and the use of natural resources.

One very important contribution you can make is to reduce your use of plastic. Plastic is the primary cause of global warming, and recycling it takes years. Another factor to consider is deforestation, which will aid in the control of global warming. More tree planting should be encouraged to green the environment. Certain rules should also govern industrialization. Building industries in green zones that affect plants and species should be prohibited.

Effects of Global Warming

Global warming is a real problem that many people want to disprove to gain political advantage. However, as global citizens, we must ensure that only the truth is presented in the media.

This decade has seen a significant impact from global warming. The two most common phenomena observed are glacier retreat and arctic shrinkage. Glaciers are rapidly melting. These are clear manifestations of climate change.

Another significant effect of global warming is the rise in sea level. Flooding is occurring in low-lying areas as a result of sea-level rise. Many countries have experienced extreme weather conditions. Every year, we have unusually heavy rain, extreme heat and cold, wildfires, and other natural disasters.

Similarly, as global warming continues, marine life is being severely impacted. This is causing the extinction of marine species as well as other problems. Furthermore, changes are expected in coral reefs, which will face extinction in the coming years. These effects will intensify in the coming years, effectively halting species expansion. Furthermore, humans will eventually feel the negative effects of Global Warming.

Also Read: Concept of Sustainable Development

Sample Essays on Global Warming

Here are some sample essays on Global Warming:

Essay on Global Warming Paragraph in 100 – 150 words

Global Warming is caused by the increase of carbon dioxide levels in the earth’s atmosphere and is a result of human activities that have been causing harm to our environment for the past few centuries now. Global Warming is something that can’t be ignored and steps have to be taken to tackle the situation globally. The average temperature is constantly rising by 1.5 degrees Celsius over the last few years.

The best method to prevent future damage to the earth, cutting down more forests should be banned and Afforestation should be encouraged. Start by planting trees near your homes and offices, participate in events, and teach the importance of planting trees. It is impossible to undo the damage but it is possible to stop further harm.

Essay on Global Warming in 250 Words

Over a long period, it is observed that the temperature of the earth is increasing. This affected wildlife, animals, humans, and every living organism on earth. Glaciers have been melting, and many countries have started water shortages, flooding, and erosion and all this is because of global warming.

No one can be blamed for global warming except for humans. Human activities such as gases released from power plants, transportation, and deforestation have increased gases such as carbon dioxide, CFCs, and other pollutants in the earth’s atmosphere. The main question is how can we control the current situation and build a better world for future generations. It starts with little steps by every individual.

Start using cloth bags made from sustainable materials for all shopping purposes, instead of using high-watt lights use energy-efficient bulbs, switch off the electricity, don’t waste water, abolish deforestation and encourage planting more trees. Shift the use of energy from petroleum or other fossil fuels to wind and solar energy. Instead of throwing out the old clothes donate them to someone so that it is recycled.

Donate old books, don’t waste paper. Above all, spread awareness about global warming. Every little thing a person does towards saving the earth will contribute in big or small amounts. We must learn that 1% effort is better than no effort. Pledge to take care of Mother Nature and speak up about global warming.

Essay on Global Warming in 500 Words

Global warming isn’t a prediction, it is happening! A person denying it or unaware of it is in the most simple terms complicit. Do we have another planet to live on? Unfortunately, we have been bestowed with this one planet only that can sustain life yet over the years we have turned a blind eye to the plight it is in. Global warming is not an abstract concept but a global phenomenon occurring ever so slowly even at this moment. Global Warming is a phenomenon that is occurring every minute resulting in a gradual increase in the Earth’s overall climate. Brought about by greenhouse gases that trap the solar radiation in the atmosphere, global warming can change the entire map of the earth, displacing areas, flooding many countries, and destroying multiple lifeforms. Extreme weather is a direct consequence of global warming but it is not an exhaustive consequence. There are virtually limitless effects of global warming which are all harmful to life on earth. The sea level is increasing by 0.12 inches per year worldwide. This is happening because of the melting of polar ice caps because of global warming. This has increased the frequency of floods in many lowland areas and has caused damage to coral reefs. The Arctic is one of the worst-hit areas affected by global warming. Air quality has been adversely affected and the acidity of the seawater has also increased causing severe damage to marine life forms. Severe natural disasters are brought about by global warming which has had dire effects on life and property. As long as mankind produces greenhouse gases, global warming will continue to accelerate. The consequences are felt at a much smaller scale which will increase to become drastic shortly. The power to save the day lies in the hands of humans, the need is to seize the day. Energy consumption should be reduced on an individual basis. Fuel-efficient cars and other electronics should be encouraged to reduce the wastage of energy sources. This will also improve air quality and reduce the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Global warming is an evil that can only be defeated when fought together. It is better late than never. If we all take steps today, we will have a much brighter future tomorrow. Global warming is the bane of our existence and various policies have come up worldwide to fight it but that is not enough. The actual difference is made when we work at an individual level to fight it. Understanding its import now is crucial before it becomes an irrevocable mistake. Exterminating global warming is of utmost importance and each one of us is as responsible for it as the next.

Also Read: Essay on Library: 100, 200 and 250 Words

Essay on Global Warming UPSC

Always hear about global warming everywhere, but do we know what it is? The evil of the worst form, global warming is a phenomenon that can affect life more fatally. Global warming refers to the increase in the earth’s temperature as a result of various human activities. The planet is gradually getting hotter and threatening the existence of lifeforms on it. Despite being relentlessly studied and researched, global warming for the majority of the population remains an abstract concept of science. It is this concept that over the years has culminated in making global warming a stark reality and not a concept covered in books. Global warming is not caused by one sole reason that can be curbed. Multifarious factors cause global warming most of which are a part of an individual’s daily existence. Burning of fuels for cooking, in vehicles, and for other conventional uses, a large amount of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, and methane amongst many others is produced which accelerates global warming. Rampant deforestation also results in global warming as lesser green cover results in an increased presence of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere which is a greenhouse gas. Finding a solution to global warming is of immediate importance. Global warming is a phenomenon that has to be fought unitedly. Planting more trees can be the first step that can be taken toward warding off the severe consequences of global warming. Increasing the green cover will result in regulating the carbon cycle. There should be a shift from using nonrenewable energy to renewable energy such as wind or solar energy which causes less pollution and thereby hinder the acceleration of global warming. Reducing energy needs at an individual level and not wasting energy in any form is the most important step to be taken against global warming. The warning bells are tolling to awaken us from the deep slumber of complacency we have slipped into. Humans can fight against nature and it is high time we acknowledged that. With all our scientific progress and technological inventions, fighting off the negative effects of global warming is implausible. We have to remember that we do not inherit the earth from our ancestors but borrow it from our future generations and the responsibility lies on our shoulders to bequeath them a healthy planet for life to exist.

Climate Change and Global Warming Essay

Global Warming and Climate Change are two sides of the same coin. Both are interrelated with each other and are two issues of major concern worldwide. Greenhouse gases released such as carbon dioxide, CFCs, and other pollutants in the earth’s atmosphere cause Global Warming which leads to climate change. Black holes have started to form in the ozone layer that protects the earth from harmful ultraviolet rays.

Human activities have created climate change and global warming. Industrial waste and fumes are the major contributors to global warming.

Another factor affecting is the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation and also one of the reasons for climate change. Global warming has resulted in shrinking mountain glaciers in Antarctica, Greenland, and the Arctic and causing climate change. Switching from the use of fossil fuels to energy sources like wind and solar.

When buying any electronic appliance buy the best quality with energy savings stars. Don’t waste water and encourage rainwater harvesting in your community.

Tips to Write an Essay

Writing an effective essay needs skills that few people possess and even fewer know how to implement. While writing an essay can be an assiduous task that can be unnerving at times, some key pointers can be inculcated to draft a successful essay. These involve focusing on the structure of the essay, planning it out well, and emphasizing crucial details.

Mentioned below are some pointers that can help you write better structure and more thoughtful essays that will get across to your readers:

Prepare an outline for the essay to ensure continuity and relevance and no break in the structure of the essay
Decide on a thesis statement that will form the basis of your essay. It will be the point of your essay and help readers understand your contention
Follow the structure of an introduction, a detailed body followed by a conclusion so that the readers can comprehend the essay in a particular manner without any dissonance.
Make your beginning catchy and include solutions in your conclusion to make the essay insightful and lucrative to read
Reread before putting it out and add your flair to the essay to make it more personal and thereby unique and intriguing for readers

Also Read: I Love My India Essay: 100 and 500+ Words in English for School Students

Ans. Both natural and man-made factors contribute to global warming. The natural one also contains methane gas, volcanic eruptions, and greenhouse gases. Deforestation, mining, livestock raising, burning fossil fuels, and other man-made causes are next.

Ans. The government and the general public can work together to stop global warming. Trees must be planted more often, and deforestation must be prohibited. Auto usage needs to be curbed, and recycling needs to be promoted.

Ans. Switching to renewable energy sources , adopting sustainable farming, transportation, and energy methods, and conserving water and other natural resources.

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Digvijay Singh

Having 2+ years of experience in educational content writing, withholding a Bachelor's in Physical Education and Sports Science and a strong interest in writing educational content for students enrolled in domestic and foreign study abroad programmes. I believe in offering a distinct viewpoint to the table, to help students deal with the complexities of both domestic and foreign educational systems. Through engaging storytelling and insightful analysis, I aim to inspire my readers to embark on their educational journeys, whether abroad or at home, and to make the most of every learning opportunity that comes their way.

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The Center for Global Studies

Climate change argumentation.

Carmen Vanderhoof, Curriculum and Instruction, College of Education, Penn State

Carmen Vanderhoof is a doctoral candidate in Science Education at Penn State. Her research employs multimodal discourse analysis of elementary students engaged in a collaborative engineering design challenge in order to examine students’ decision-making practices. Prior to resuming graduate studies, she was a secondary science teacher and conducted molecular biology research.

Subject(s): Earth Science
Topic: Climate Change and Sustainability
Grade/Level: 9-12 (can be adapted to grades 6-8)
Objectives: Students will be able to write a scientific argument using evidence and reasoning to support claims. Students will also be able to reflect on the weaknesses in their own arguments in order to improve their argument and then respond to other arguments.
Suggested Time Allotment: 4-5 hours (extra time for extension)

This lesson is derived from Dr. Peter Buckland’s sustainability presentation for the Center for Global Studies . Dr. Peter Buckland, a Penn State alumnus, is a postdoctoral fellow for the Sustainability Institute. He has drawn together many resources for teaching about climate change, sustainability, and other environmental issues.

While there are many resources for teaching about climate change and sustainability, it may be tough to figure out where to start. There are massive amounts of data available to the general public and students need help searching for good sources of evidence. Prior to launching into a search, it would be worthwhile figuring out what the students already know about climate change, where they learned it, and how they feel about efforts to reduce our carbon footprint. There are many options for eliciting prior knowledge, including taking online quizzes, whole-class discussion, or drawing concept maps. For this initial step, it is important that students feel comfortable to share, without engaging in disagreements. The main idea is to increase students’ understanding about global warming, rather than focus on the potential controversial nature of this topic.

A major goal of this unit is to engage students in co-constructing evidence-based explanations through individual writing, sharing, re-writing, group discussion, and whole group reflection. The argumentation format presented here contains claims supported by evidence and reasoning (Claims Evidence Reasoning – CER). Argumentation in this sense is different from how the word “argument” is used in everyday language. Argumentation is a collaborative process towards an end goal, rather than a competition to win (Duschl & Osborne, 2002). Scientific argumentation is the process of negotiating and communicating findings through a series of claims supported by evidence from various sources along with a rationale or reasoning linking the claim with the evidence. For students, making the link between claim and evidence can be the most difficult part of the process.

Where does the evidence come from?

Evidence and data are often used synonymously, but there is a difference. Evidence is “the representation of data in a form that undergirds an argument that works to answer the original question” (Hand et al., 2009, p. 129). This explains why even though scientists may use the same data to draw explanations from, the final product may take different forms depending on which parts of the data were used and how. For example, in a court case experts from opposing sides may use the same data to persuade the jury to reach different conclusions. Another way to explain this distinction to students is “the story built from the data that leads to a claim is the evidence” (Hand et al., 2009, p. 129). Evidence can come from many sources – results from controlled experiments, measurements, books, articles, websites, personal observations, etc. It is important to discuss with students the issue of the source’s reliability and accuracy. When using data freely available online, ask yourself: Who conducted the study? Who funded the research? Where was it published or presented?

What is a claim and how do I find it?

A scientific claim is a statement that answers a question or an inference based on information, rather than just personal opinion.

How can I connect the claim(s) with the evidence?

That’s where the justification or reasoning comes in. This portion of the argument explains why the evidence is relevant to the claim or how the evidence supports the claim.

Implementation

Learning context and connecting to state standards.

This interdisciplinary unit can be used in an earth science class or adapted to environmental science, chemistry, or physics. The key to adapting the lesson is guiding students to sources of data that fit the discipline they are studying.

For earth science , students can explain the difference between climate and weather, describe the factors associated with global climate change, and explore a variety of data sources to draw their evidence from. Pennsylvania Academic Standards for earth and space science (secondary): 3.3.12.A1, 3.3.12.A6, 3.3.10.A7.

For environmental science , students can analyze the costs and benefits of pollution control measures. Pennsylvania Academic Standards for Environment and Ecology (secondary): 4.5.12.C.

For chemistry and physics , students can explain the function of greenhouse gases, construct a model of the greenhouse effect, and model energy flow through the atmosphere. Pennsylvania Academic Standards for Physical Sciences (secondary): 3.2.10.B6.

New Generation Science Standards (NGSS) Connections

Human impacts and global climate change are directly addressed in the NGSS. Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCI): HS-ESS3-3, HS-ESS3-4, HS-ESS3-5, HS-ESS3-6.

Lesson 1: Introduction to climate change

What are greenhouse gases and the greenhouse effect? (sample answer: greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane contribute to overall heating of the atmosphere; these gases trap heat just like the glass in a greenhouse or in a car)
What is the difference between weather and climate? (sample answer: weather is the daily temperature and precipitation measurements, while climate is a much longer pattern over multiple years)

Drawing of the greenhouse effect – as individuals or in pairs, have students look up the greenhouse effect and draw a diagram to represent it; share out with the class

Optional: figure out students’ beliefs about global warming using the Yale Six Americas Survey (students answer a series of questions and at the end they are given one of the following categories: alarmed, concerned, cautious, disengaged, doubtful, dismissive).

Lesson 2: Searching for and evaluating evidence

Compare different data sources and assess their credibility
Temperature
Precipitation
Storm surge
Ask the students to think about what types of claims they can make about climate change using the data they found (Sample claims: human activity is causing global warming or sea-level rise in the next fifty years will affect coastal cities like Amsterdam, Hong Kong, or New Orleans).

Lesson 3: Writing an argument using evidence

Claim – an inference or a statement that answers a question
Evidence – an outside source of information that supports the claim, often drawn from selected data
Reasoning – the justification/support for the claim; what connects the evidence with the claim
Extending arguments – have students exchange papers and notice the strengths of the other arguments they are reading (can do multiple cycles of reading); ask students to go back to their original argument and expand it with more evidence and/or more justification for why the evidence supports the claim
Anticipate Rebuttals – ask students to think and write about any weaknesses in their own argument

Lesson 4: Argumentation discussion

rebuttal – challenges a component of someone’s argument – for example, a challenge to the evidence used in the original argument
counterargument – a whole new argument that challenges the original argument
respect group members and their ideas
wait for group members to finish their turns before speaking
be mindful of your own contributions to the discussion (try not to take over the whole discussion so others can contribute too; conversely, if you didn’t already talk, find a way to bring in a new argument, expand on an existing argument, or challenge another argument)
Debate/discussion – In table groups have students share their arguments and practice rebuttals and counterarguments
Whole-group reflection – ask students to share key points from their discussion

Lesson 5: Argumentation in action case study

Mumbai, india case study.

Rishi is a thirteen year old boy who attends the Gayak Rafi Nagar Urdu Municipal school in Mumbai. There is a massive landfill called Deonar right across from his school. Every day 4,000 tons of waste are piled on top of the existing garbage spanning 132 hectares (roughly half a square mile). Rishi ventures out to the landfill after school to look for materials that he can later trade for a little bit of extra money to help his family. He feels lucky that he gets to go to school during the day; others are not so lucky. One of his friends, Aamir, had to stop going to school and work full time after his dad got injured. They often meet to chat while they dig through the garbage with sticks. Occasionally, they find books in okay shape, which aren’t worth anything in trade, but to them they are valuable.

One day Rishi was out to the market with his mom and saw the sky darken with a heavy smoke that blocked out the sun. They both hurried home and found out there was a state of emergency and the schools closed for two days. It took many days to put out the fire at Deonar. He heard his dad say that the fire was so bad that it could be seen from space. He wonders what it would be like to see Mumbai from up there. Some days he wishes the government would close down Deonar and clean it up. Other days he wonders what would happen to all the people that depend on it to live if the city shuts down Deonar.

Mumbai is one of the coastal cities that are considered vulnerable with increasing global temperature and sea level rise. The urban poor are most affected by climate change. Their shelter could be wiped out by a tropical storm and rebuilding would be very difficult.

Write a letter to a public official who may be able to influence policy in Mumbai.

What would you recommend they do? Should they close Deonar? What can they do to reduce air pollution in the city and prepare for possible storms? Remember to use evidence in your argument.

If students want to read the articles that inspired the case study direct them to: http://unhabitat.org/urban-themes/climate-change/

http://www.bloomberg.com/slideshow/2012-07-06/top-20-cities-with-billions-at-risk-from-climate-change.html#slide16

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-07-26/smelly-dumps-drive-away-affordable-homes-in-land-starved-mumbai

http://www.cnn.com/2016/02/05/asia/mumbai-giant-garbage-dump-fire/

Resources:

Lines of Evidence video from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine http://nas-sites.org/americasclimatechoices/videos-multimedia/climate-change-lines-of-evidence-videos/
Climate Literacy and Energy Awareness Network (CLEAN)
Climate maps from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Sources of data from NASA
Explore the original source of the Proceedings of the National Academies of Sciences (PNAS) study

Differentiated Instruction

For visual learners – use diagrams, encourage students to map out their arguments prior to writing them
For auditory learners – use the lines of evidence video
For ESL students – provide them with a variety of greenhouse gases diagrams, allow for a more flexible argument format and focus on general meaning-making – ex. using arrows to connect their sources of evidence to claims
For advanced learners – ask them to search through larger data sets and make comparisons between data from different sources; they can also research environmental policies and why they stalled out in congress
For learners that need more support – print out excerpts from articles; pinpoint the main ideas to help with the research; help students connect their evidence with their claims; consider allowing students to work in pairs to accomplish the writing task

Argument write-up – check that students’ arguments contain claims supported by evidence and reasoning and that they thought about possible weaknesses in their own arguments.

Case study letter – check that students included evidence in their letter.

References:

Duschl, R. A., & Osborne, J. (2002). Supporting and promoting argumentation discourse in science education.

Hand, B. et al. (2009) Negotiating Science: The Critical Role of Argumentation in Student Inquiry. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.

McNeill, K. L., & Krajcik, J. (2012). Claim, evidence and reasoning: Supporting grade 5 – 8 students in constructing scientiﬁc explanations. New York, NY: Pearson Allyn & Bacon.

Sawyer, R. K. (Ed.). (2014). The Cambridge handbook of the learning sciences. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/kids/basics/today/greenhouse-gases.html

http://unhabitat.org/urban-themes/climate-change/

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Steps To Follow While Writing An Essay On Climate Change

Table of Contents

Climate change is the most essential issue of our generation; we are the first to witness its early signs and the last who have a chance of stopping them from happening.

Living in a bubble of denial can only get us this far; the planet which is our home is already a scene for melting glaciers, raising floods, extinction of species… the list goes on and on. Spreading awareness on matters of climate change through any means available, including as seemingly trivial form as writing a school essay, cannot be underestimated.

Follow the guidelines suggested in the paragraphs below to learn how to create a perfect essay that will get you an appraisal of your teacher.

Essay on climate changes: how to write?

If you really want to make your teacher gasp while they are reading your work, there are three vital things to pay attention to .

First of all, read the topic carefully and understand it’s specific, i.e., what is expected from you.

For instance, if it is the role of individuals in helping prevent climate change, you should not focus so much on the global problems, but speak about how small changes all of us can introduce in our routines will eventually have a positive environmental effect.

Secondly, determine your personal take on the problem . Search for materials on your subject using keywords, and pile up the evidence that supports your point of view.

Finally, write a conclusion. Make sure that the conclusion you make reflects the viewpoints you have been expressing all throughout your essay.

Below you will find a more detailed breakdown of tasks you will have to accomplish to complete writing an essay on climate changes that is worthy of a top mark.

Check if it is an argumentative essay on climate change or more of a speculative one? Arrange your writing accordingly.

Craft the outline and don’t go off-topic.
Search for keywords .
Make a plan .
Avoid the most common mistakes from the start.
Write an introduction thinking about what you will write later.
Develop your ideas according to the outline .
Make a conclusion which is consistent with what you’ve written in the main paragraphs.
Proofread the draft , correct mistakes and print out the hard copy. All set!

One of the most focal of your writing will be factual evidence. When writing on climate change, resort to providing data shared by international organizations like IPCC , WWF , or World Bank .

It is undeniable that among the main causes of climate change, unfortunately, there are oil and fossil fuels that are the basis of the whole economy and still invaluable sources of energy.

Although everyone knows that oil resources are polluting and that it would be much more useful and environmentally sustainable to rely on renewable energies such as wind and solar energies and electricity, the power of the world seem not to notice or pretend not to see for don’t go against your own interests.

The time has come to react and raise awareness of the use of renewable energy sources.

In addition to the causes already mentioned, we must consider the increase in the carbon dioxide air that traps heat in our atmosphere, thus increasing the temperatures with the consequent of the Arctic glaciers melting.

WWF reported that in 2016, the recorded data was quite worrying with a constant increase in temperatures and a 40% decrease in Arctic marine glaciers.

Topics for essay on global warming and climate change

If you do not have any specific topic to write on, consider yourself lucky. You can pick one that you are passionate about – and in fact, this is what you should do! If we think back to the very definition of essay, it is nothing more than a few paragraphs of expressing one’s personal attitude and viewpoints on a certain subject. Surely, you need to pick a subject that you are opinionated about to deliver a readable piece of writing!

Another point to consider is quaintness and topicality factors. You don’t want to end up writing on a subject that the rest of your class will, and in all honesty, that has zero novelty to it.

Even if it is something as trivial as the greenhouse effect, add an unexpected perspective to it: the greenhouse effect from the standpoint of the feline population of Montenegro. Sounds lunatic, but you get the drift.

Do not worry, below you will find the list of legitimately coverable topics to choose from:

The last generation able to fight the global crisis.
Climate change: top 10 unexpected causes.
Climate changes. Things anyone can do.
Climate changes concern everyone. Is it true?
The Mauna Loa volcano: climate change is here.
Water pollution and coastal cities: what needs to be done?
Is there global warming if it’s still cold?
The CO2 concentration in the atmosphere.
Celebrity activists and climate changes.
Individual responsibility for the environment.
How the loss of biodiversity is the biggest loss for humanity.
Ways to fight global warming at home.
Sustainable living as a way of fighting climate change.
Climate change fighting countries to look up to.
Industrial responsibility and climate change.
What future will be like if we fail to make an environmental stand?
Discovering water on Mars: a new planet to live on?
Climate change effects on poor countries.
Nuclear power laws and climate change.
Is it true that climate change is caused by man?

Mistakes to avoid when writing an essay on climate change

When composing your essay, you must avoid the following (quite common!) mistakes:

Clichés – no one wants to read universal truths presented as relevant discoveries.
Repeating an idea already expressed – don’t waste your readers’ time .
Making an accumulation of ideas that are not connected and that do not follow one another; structure your ideas logically .
Being contradictive (check consistency).
Using bad or tired collocations .
Using lackluster adjectives like “good”/”bad”. Instead, think of more eye-catching synonyms.

Structure your essay in a logical way : introduce your thesis, develop your ideas in at least 2 parts that contain several paragraphs, and draw a conclusion.

Bottom line

Writing an essay on global warming and climate change is essentially reflecting on the inevitable consequence of the irresponsible behavior of people inhabiting the planet. Outside of big-scale thinking, there is something each of us can do, and by shaping minds the right way, essential change can be done daily.

Each of us can act to protect the environment, reducing the use of plastic, recycling, buying food with as little packaging as possible, or turning off water and light when not in use. Every little help, even a short essay on climate change can help make a difference.

Can’t wait to save the planet? Do it, while we write your essay. Easy order, complete confidentiality, timely delivery. Click the button to learn more!

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Climate Explained: Introductory Essays About Climate Change Topics

Filed under: backgrounders for educators ,.

Climate Explained, a part of Yale Climate Connections, is an essay collection that addresses an array of climate change questions and topics, including why it’s cold outside if global warming is real, how we know that humans are responsible for global warming, and the relationship between climate change and national security.

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Climate Change Basics: Five Facts, Ten Words

Backgrounders for Educators

To simplify the scientific complexity of climate change, we focus on communicating five key facts about climate change that everyone should know.

Why should we care about climate change?

Having different perspectives about global warming is natural, but the most important thing that anyone should know about climate change is why it matters.

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Writing Papers about Global Warming

Academic writing

Essay paper writing

The humanity is and has always been connected with all the life cycles of the surrounding world. But since the emergence of highly industrialized society, the scope of damage that people do to nature has grown rapidly. Consumption of non-renewable mineral resources constantly intensifies. More and more arable lands drop out of use as cities and factories are built on them.

As a result of the population increase, intensive industrialization and urbanization of our planet, economic pressure began to exceed the ability of ecological systems to self-purification and regeneration. A natural cycle of substances in the biosphere was disrupted.The health of present and future generations of people is under threat! This is one of the most important and frequent global warming thesis statement ideas.

Ecological problems of the modern world are not only acute but also multifaceted. They are caused by virtually all branches of material production and are relevant to all regions of the planet. The Earth’s biosphere is currently exposed to serious anthropogenic impact. There is a number of processes worsening the ecological situation: in particular, the world is getting warmer and humanity is largely responsible for this, experts say. But many factors affecting climate change have not yet been studied. Scientists and students analyze this topic thoroughly. If you also got a global warming essay assignment, the facts listed below may be useful for your academic work.

Causes of warming to be described in research papers on climate change

The greenhouse effect has been a serious problem for several decades now. Without it, the temperature of the atmospheric surface layers would be on average 30 degrees lower than the actual one. However, in the last decades, the content of some greenhouse gases in the air has significantly increased: the percentage of methane has grown 2.5 times and that of carbon dioxide – by more than 1/3 of its previous volume.

There are also new harmful substances which simply did not exist earlier; primarily, these are chlorine- and fluorine-hydrocarbons including the notorious freons. The link between global warming and air composition change is quite obvious. Moreover, the reason for the rapid growth in the amount of greenhouse gases is also clear: our entire civilization, since the bonfires of primitive hunters to modern gas stoves and cars, has utilized the rapid oxidation of carbon compounds, the final product of which is CO2.

Human activity is associated with an increase in the content of methane (rice fields, livestock, leaks from gas pipelines) and nitrogen oxides. Perhaps, people do not yet have a noticeable direct effect only on the content of water vapor in the atmosphere.

CO2 problem

Among the global environmental issues facing humanity, the problem of CO2 is one of the most controversial. Many consider it to be a far-fetched one. Yet, there are real signs of global warming and forecasts by some climatologists and physicists who affirm that the situation is about to get a lot worse. In their opinion, it should happen because of the accumulation of carbon dioxide of anthropogenic origin in the atmosphere.

In the Quaternary period, which includes our time, the content of CO2 in the air is very low. But the pace of accumulation of this gas in the atmosphere is unprecedentedly high. That’s why most of the climate change essay topics revolve around this issue.

Nowadays, most researchers consider the combustion of fossil fuels as almost the single reason for the CO2 volume increase in the air in the X - XX centuries. In the XXI century however, there are deforestation, agricultural pollution, overgrazing, and a number of other factors that have negative effect on the and vegetation cover of the Earth.

Deforestation

One should pay special attention to this phenomenon when writing a reasons of global warming essay. Deforestation for the sake of building construction, mining, creation of water reservoirs, and repurposing of forest lands into agricultural ones is considered the most significant factor leading to the permanent loss of organic matter in the biosphere. Up to 25% of the carbon dioxide got to the atmosphere due to deforestation. The issue of deforestation and burning of fossil fuels are roughly equal now as for the scopes of ecological damage they do to our planet.

Degradation of forests occurs on the background of excessive recreation activities and tourism, air pollution, and a number of other cases (intensive grazing, flooding of the terrain, drainage of nearby swamps, etc.).

Through the observations it was established that even an insignificant load causes changes in the soil-vegetation cover. Soil compression carried out in forests and parks leads to a decrease in the mass of roots due to which the trees’ growth stops. As a result, they become smaller and the branches become thin and short.

Mechanical damage to forests leads to the development of diseases and increase in the population of pests. When natural territories are visited by large groups of people, the lower tiers of vegetation die, the soil litter is trampled, and the humus layer suffers. Organic matter is reduced by 50% or more in parking and recreational areas.

Significant air pollution is one of the main reasons for serious forest degradation. Fly ash together with coal and coke dust clog the pores of leaves, reduce the access of light to plants, and weaken the process of assimilation. Poisoning of the soil by the emissions of metal/arsenic dust in combination with superphosphate or sulfuric acid affects the root system slowing down its growth. Sulfurous anhydrite is toxic to plants. The vegetation is completely destroyed under the influence of smokes and gases of copper smelters in close proximity.

Significant damage to the forests is caused by the acid precipitation connected with the spread of sulfur compounds into hundreds and thousands of kilometers. A great decrease in forest biomass is also associated with fires.

Agriculture

Nowadays, agricultural activities include processes leading to a rapid reduction of humus in soil and the release of CO2. Agriculture-provoked pollution can be considered as one of the most significant factors that lead to global warming and one of the main climate change research topics.

Most of humus is lost as a result of severe erosion and weathering. In addition, the cultivated lands lose this natural fertilizer due to its oxidation during the plowing and burning of vegetation in the framework of the slash-and-burn agriculture system. The constant loss of humus is also observed when nitrogen reserves are depleted in the soil. In developed countries, nitrogen depletion is compensated by using mineral nitrogen fertilizers and cultivation of leguminous crops.

Overgrazing

Excessive grazing in tundra, forests, and especially in meadows leads to the destruction of the land. This problem can also be discussed in a causes of global warming essay. Currently, overgrazing is particularly damaging the ecosystems of Africa, Eurasia, Latin America, and Australia. Simultaneously with the desertification, the soil with its organic matter is gradually removed.

Bogs drainage

Drainage leads to the oxidation of organic substances accumulated in peat bogs. This also leds to greenhouse effect and may be mentioned in your global climate change essay outline. When removing the 1-meter layer of marsh water from 1-hectare area, dozens of tons of dissolved organic matter are released.

Irrigation of lands

In some cases, this practice causes losses of crucial elements of soil as a result of irrigation erosion. At the same time, the correct melioration of poor desert areas increases the resources of organic matter in the soil. This is one of the most actively discussed environmental science research paper topics. Today, 0.2-0.3 million hectares of irrigated lands are annually turned into wastelands due to salinization and waterlogging. After that, they become completely damaged, uninhabitable, and unfit for agricultural use.

Construction works

Construction and growth of cities, the creation of communications, and mining generally lead to massive destruction of the soil and vegetation cover; sometimes, in order to partially lessen the damage, parks are created on the areas that have been subjected to human influence. Every year, construction works and mining operations destroy the soil and vegetation cover on an area of 5-10 million hectares that leads to a decrease in the organic matter stocks of the biosphere. Even the most approximate calculation will give the total figure of annual losses equal to several hundred million tons of organic matter.

Ways of solving the greenhouse effect problem to highlight in essays on global warming

Your how to prevent global warming essay should contain specific proposals aimed at helping mankind to avoid the impending danger. The main measure to prevent climate changes can be formulated as follows: to find a new type of fuel or to change the technology of using current fuels. This means that humanity needs:

to identify the causes of climate change, monitor them and eliminate their consequences.
to reduce fossil fuel consumption, especially coal and oil, which emit 60% more carbon dioxide per unit of produced energy than any other fossil fuel;
to use special tools (filters, catalysts) to remove carbon dioxide from the automobile exhausts, emissions of smoke pipes of coal-burning power plants, and factory furnaces;
to create more expedient heating and cooling systems in new houses;
to increase the use of solar, wind, and geothermal energy;
to stop/slow down the process of deforestation and degradation of natural territories;
to remove storage tanks for hazardous substances from the coastal areas;
to expand the areas of existing nature reserves and parks;
to apply regulations preventing global warming;

You can choose the measures, which are the most effective in your opinion and list them in a global warming conclusion paragraph. According to the standards of academic writing, the final words of the essay should serve as a call for action.

Ideas of scientists

Proposals for solving the problem of climate change from leading scientists sometimes may seem unrealistic. But experts seriously consider all the factors when developing them, because sooner or later these strategies may come in handy. You may describe some of the theories in your environmental pollution and global warming essay.

Today, the Earth absorbs 70% of all radiation received from the Sun and there is a need to reduce this amount. Astronomer Roger Ancel suggested placing millions of lenses with a diameter of 60 cm around the Earth to reflect the sun rays. It should be noted that the reduction of solar illumination by 1.6% compensates for the temperature increase by 1.75 degrees Celsius (3 degrees Fahrenheit) as there is a direct correlation between light scattering and temperature. For example, the temperature drops during the eruption of volcanoes when a huge mass of particles enters the atmosphere and as a result a smaller percentage of sunlight can reach the Earth.

According to another strategy (taken from the journal ActaAstronautica), it was proposed to create a ring of small particles or spaceships around the Earth to darken some parts of tropics and thereby to balance the climate.

The cost of these projects can be very high: $500 billion for special spacecraft design and from $6 to $200 trillion for the particles-ring construction.

Climatologist Wallace Broker proposed to scatter sulfur in the stratosphere at an altitude of more than 15 km with the help of hot-air balloons and airplanes. The bigger part of sulfur particles will stay at this level for about a year or two. This project is estimated at $50 billion.

Another theory suggests producing salted steam with the help of mechanisms that will turn the seawater into real clouds saturated with sodium chloride.

There is an idea to create artificial floating islands with a mirroring surface in the sea zones or to cover some desert regions with light colored plastic materials to reflect solar radiation.

The plan to disperse substances that catalyze the growth of water plants in order to increase the amount of carbon dioxide these plants absorb has already been implemented in some areas of Antarctica.

A famous British astrophysicist, Stephen Hawking, believed that the survival of the human race depends on our chances to find a new home elsewhere in the universe, because the destruction that global warming causes is skyrocketing. He claimed that people could have a permanent base on the Moon in the next 20 years and a colony on Mars in the next four decades.

Useful tips for writing the research paper on global warming

If we look closely at a climate change research paper example, it will be noticeable that the academic text is written according to specific rules. There is a clear structure, which makes the presentation of different opinion points clear. An essay is a short prose paper, the purpose of which is to express thoughts and ideas of the author on a particular subject. It is worth pointing out that the usage of templates in essay writing is rare and often discouraged. It is obvious that you have to strain your brain to write a good essay.

Tip 1: read the essays of other authors

Find the papers with similar global warming essay titles and read them carefully. This will help you develop your own writing style. After all, essay writing requires a sense of style. According to the opinion of specialists, a good presentation of your opinion should be emotional, expressive, and artistic.

Tip 2: study the literature on the given topic

As it has been already mentioned, an essay is a creative work, which involves the description of our own thoughts on a particular topic. But one should keep in mind that such academic papers target not only beginners but also readers who have a certain level of awareness of the topic. Therefore, in order to present the main points and ideas in the best possible way, one should have knowledge in the area.

Tip 3: think out the structure and the climate change essay outline

Such work can have an arbitrary structure, and the only formal rule is the presence of a heading. Nevertheless, the most popular structure of an essay is as follows:

1. Title. It’s not hard to come up with good global warming essay titles since many authors have already considered this problem and lots of options can be found online. However, it is much better if the heading is unique. Many students compile the text relying on the title, although experts recommend doing vice versa. You can come up with the title after the paper is finished as it will be possible to highlight the main idea accurately.

2. Global warming essay introduction. It depends on the introduction whether the reader will continue studying the rest of the text. This part should be bright, catchy, and closely related to the actual problems and phenomena.

3. The main body. You’ll have to formulate the thesis and arguments supporting each point of your global warming research paper outline. A thesis should be the author’s idea and the arguments should be its rationale.

4. Conclusion of a global warming essay. It’s necessary to sum up the answers to all the questions presented in the text and prove the statement that you have put forward at the beginning.

5. References. If you have used the writings of other authors, conference proceedings, or scientific sources, the examiner should be aware of this. Compile a list of references at the end of the paper.

If you are looking for some directions on how to write an essay, here they are. However, you can write all the parts in random order. For example, it’s normal to compose an introduction paragraph for a global warming essay after the main block with thesis and arguments. First, you need to create a rough draft of the paper, and then it should be edited and checked for possible mistakes. Once that is done, you will be able to polish it to become the final text that completely satisfies the requirements.

Tip 4: Do not "overload" the essay

It is evident that everyone has their own writing style and wants to provide a detailed answer to each question, but too long of a construction can negatively affect the mark. The hook for global warming essay must consist of a few sentences maximum. The presentation of the arguments also should not be burdened with superfluous text.

Tip 5: be honest with readers

It is highly unethical and counterproductive to attribute someone else’s ideas to oneself. You should remember that excellence can be achieved with practice only. Working on essays develops creative thinking as well as the ability to express one’s opinion. This will help you to learn how to choose words that fit the context, highlight cause-effect relationships, and support your thesis with appropriate arguments and examples from real life.

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Climate Change

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Across UBC, faculty and students contribute to research on climate change. See below for recent theses on a few select topics, and search cIRcle , UBC's open access repository, for publications, theses/dissertation, and presentations to find more.

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What evidence exists that Earth is warming and that humans are the main cause?

We know the world is warming because people have been recording daily high and low temperatures at thousands of weather stations worldwide, over land and ocean, for many decades and, in some locations, for more than a century. When different teams of climate scientists in different agencies (e.g., NOAA and NASA) and in other countries (e.g., the U.K.’s Hadley Centre) average these data together, they all find essentially the same result: Earth’s average surface temperature has risen by about 1.8°F (1.0°C) since 1880.

Bar graph of global temperature anomalies with an overlay of a line graph of atmospheric carbon dioxide from 1850-2023

( bar chart ) Yearly temperature compared to the twentieth-century average from 1850–2023. Red bars mean warmer-than-average years; blue bars mean colder-than-average years. (line graph) Atmospheric carbon dioxide amounts: 1850-1958 from IAC , 1959-2023 from NOAA Global Monitoring Lab . NOAA Climate.gov graph, adapted from original by Dr. Howard Diamond (NOAA ARL).

In addition to our surface station data, we have many different lines of evidence that Earth is warming ( learn more ). Birds are migrating earlier, and their migration patterns are changing. Lobsters and other marine species are moving north. Plants are blooming earlier in the spring. Mountain glaciers are melting worldwide, and snow cover is declining in the Northern Hemisphere (Learn more here and here ). Greenland’s ice sheet—which holds about 8 percent of Earth’s fresh water—is melting at an accelerating rate ( learn more ). Mean global sea level is rising ( learn more ). Arctic sea ice is declining rapidly in both thickness and extent ( learn more ).

Aerial photo of glacier front with a graph overlay of Greenland ice mass over time

The Greenland Ice Sheet lost mass again in 2020, but not as much as it did 2019. Adapted from the 2020 Arctic Report Card, this graph tracks Greenland mass loss measured by NASA's GRACE satellite missions since 2002. The background photo shows a glacier calving front in western Greenland, captured from an airplane during a NASA Operation IceBridge field campaign. Full story.

We know this warming is largely caused by human activities because the key role that carbon dioxide plays in maintaining Earth’s natural greenhouse effect has been understood since the mid-1800s. Unless it is offset by some equally large cooling influence, more atmospheric carbon dioxide will lead to warmer surface temperatures. Since 1800, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased from about 280 parts per million to 410 ppm in 2019. We know from both its rapid increase and its isotopic “fingerprint” that the source of this new carbon dioxide is fossil fuels, and not natural sources like forest fires, volcanoes, or outgassing from the ocean.

DIgital image of a painting of a fire burning in a coal pile in a small village

Philip James de Loutherbourg's 1801 painting, Coalbrookdale by Night , came to symbolize the start of the Industrial Revolution, when humans began to harness the power of fossil fuels—and to contribute significantly to Earth's atmospheric greenhouse gas composition. Image from Wikipedia .

Finally, no other known climate influences have changed enough to account for the observed warming trend. Taken together, these and other lines of evidence point squarely to human activities as the cause of recent global warming.

USGCRP (2017). Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume 1 [Wuebbles, D.J., D.W. Fahey, K.A. Hibbard, D.J. Dokken, B.C. Stewart, and T.K. Maycock (eds.)]. U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, USA, 470 pp, doi: 10.7930/J0J964J6 .

National Fish, Wildlife, and Plants Climate Adaptation Partnership (2012): National Fish, Wildlife, and Plants Climate Adaptation Strategy . Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Council on Environmental Quality, Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, D.C. DOI: 10.3996/082012-FWSReport-1

IPCC (2019). Summary for Policymakers. In: IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, M. Tignor, E. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Nicolai, A. Okem, J. Petzold, B. Rama, N.M. Weyer (eds.)]. In press.

NASA JPL: "Consensus: 97% of climate scientists agree." Global Climate Change . A website at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (climate.nasa.gov/scientific-consensus). (Accessed July 2013.)

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Table Of Contents

Human activity affects global surface temperatures by changing Earth ’s radiative balance—the “give and take” between what comes in during the day and what Earth emits at night. Increases in greenhouse gases —i.e., trace gases such as carbon dioxide and methane that absorb heat energy emitted from Earth’s surface and reradiate it back—generated by industry and transportation cause the atmosphere to retain more heat, which increases temperatures and alters precipitation patterns.

Global warming, the phenomenon of increasing average air temperatures near Earth’s surface over the past one to two centuries, happens mostly in the troposphere , the lowest level of the atmosphere, which extends from Earth’s surface up to a height of 6–11 miles. This layer contains most of Earth’s clouds and is where living things and their habitats and weather primarily occur.

Continued global warming is expected to impact everything from energy use to water availability to crop productivity throughout the world. Poor countries and communities with limited abilities to adapt to these changes are expected to suffer disproportionately. Global warming is already being associated with increases in the incidence of severe and extreme weather, heavy flooding , and wildfires —phenomena that threaten homes, dams, transportation networks, and other facets of human infrastructure. Learn more about how the IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report, released in 2021, describes the social impacts of global warming.

Polar bears live in the Arctic , where they use the region’s ice floes as they hunt seals and other marine mammals . Temperature increases related to global warming have been the most pronounced at the poles, where they often make the difference between frozen and melted ice. Polar bears rely on small gaps in the ice to hunt their prey. As these gaps widen because of continued melting, prey capture has become more challenging for these animals.

Recent News

global warming , the phenomenon of increasing average air temperatures near the surface of Earth over the past one to two centuries. Climate scientists have since the mid-20th century gathered detailed observations of various weather phenomena (such as temperatures, precipitation , and storms) and of related influences on climate (such as ocean currents and the atmosphere’s chemical composition). These data indicate that Earth’s climate has changed over almost every conceivable timescale since the beginning of geologic time and that human activities since at least the beginning of the Industrial Revolution have a growing influence over the pace and extent of present-day climate change .

Giving voice to a growing conviction of most of the scientific community , the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was formed in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). The IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), published in 2021, noted that the best estimate of the increase in global average surface temperature between 1850 and 2019 was 1.07 °C (1.9 °F). An IPCC special report produced in 2018 noted that human beings and their activities have been responsible for a worldwide average temperature increase between 0.8 and 1.2 °C (1.4 and 2.2 °F) since preindustrial times, and most of the warming over the second half of the 20th century could be attributed to human activities.

AR6 produced a series of global climate predictions based on modeling five greenhouse gas emission scenarios that accounted for future emissions, mitigation (severity reduction) measures, and uncertainties in the model projections. Some of the main uncertainties include the precise role of feedback processes and the impacts of industrial pollutants known as aerosols , which may offset some warming. The lowest-emissions scenario, which assumed steep cuts in greenhouse gas emissions beginning in 2015, predicted that the global mean surface temperature would increase between 1.0 and 1.8 °C (1.8 and 3.2 °F) by 2100 relative to the 1850–1900 average. This range stood in stark contrast to the highest-emissions scenario, which predicted that the mean surface temperature would rise between 3.3 and 5.7 °C (5.9 and 10.2 °F) by 2100 based on the assumption that greenhouse gas emissions would continue to increase throughout the 21st century. The intermediate-emissions scenario, which assumed that emissions would stabilize by 2050 before declining gradually, projected an increase of between 2.1 and 3.5 °C (3.8 and 6.3 °F) by 2100.

Many climate scientists agree that significant societal, economic, and ecological damage would result if the global average temperature rose by more than 2 °C (3.6 °F) in such a short time. Such damage would include increased extinction of many plant and animal species, shifts in patterns of agriculture , and rising sea levels. By 2015 all but a few national governments had begun the process of instituting carbon reduction plans as part of the Paris Agreement , a treaty designed to help countries keep global warming to 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) above preindustrial levels in order to avoid the worst of the predicted effects. Whereas authors of the 2018 special report noted that should carbon emissions continue at their present rate, the increase in average near-surface air temperature would reach 1.5 °C sometime between 2030 and 2052, authors of the AR6 report suggested that this threshold would be reached by 2041 at the latest.

Combination shot of Grinnell Glacier taken from the summit of Mount Gould, Glacier National Park, Montana in the years 1938, 1981, 1998 and 2006.

The AR6 report also noted that the global average sea level had risen by some 20 cm (7.9 inches) between 1901 and 2018 and that sea level rose faster in the second half of the 20th century than in the first half. It also predicted, again depending on a wide range of scenarios, that the global average sea level would rise by different amounts by 2100 relative to the 1995–2014 average. Under the report’s lowest-emission scenario, sea level would rise by 28–55 cm (11–21.7 inches), whereas, under the intermediate emissions scenario, sea level would rise by 44–76 cm (17.3–29.9 inches). The highest-emissions scenario suggested that sea level would rise by 63–101 cm (24.8–39.8 inches) by 2100.

The scenarios referred to above depend mainly on future concentrations of certain trace gases, called greenhouse gases , that have been injected into the lower atmosphere in increasing amounts through the burning of fossil fuels for industry, transportation , and residential uses. Modern global warming is the result of an increase in magnitude of the so-called greenhouse effect , a warming of Earth’s surface and lower atmosphere caused by the presence of water vapour , carbon dioxide , methane , nitrous oxides , and other greenhouse gases. In 2014 the IPCC first reported that concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides in the atmosphere surpassed those found in ice cores dating back 800,000 years.

Of all these gases, carbon dioxide is the most important, both for its role in the greenhouse effect and for its role in the human economy. It has been estimated that, at the beginning of the industrial age in the mid-18th century, carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere were roughly 280 parts per million (ppm). By the end of 2022 they had risen to 419 ppm, and, if fossil fuels continue to be burned at current rates, they are projected to reach 550 ppm by the mid-21st century—essentially, a doubling of carbon dioxide concentrations in 300 years.

What's the problem with an early spring?

A vigorous debate is in progress over the extent and seriousness of rising surface temperatures, the effects of past and future warming on human life, and the need for action to reduce future warming and deal with its consequences. This article provides an overview of the scientific background related to the subject of global warming. It considers the causes of rising near-surface air temperatures, the influencing factors, the process of climate research and forecasting, and the possible ecological and social impacts of rising temperatures. For an overview of the public policy developments related to global warming occurring since the mid-20th century, see global warming policy . For a detailed description of Earth’s climate, its processes, and the responses of living things to its changing nature, see climate . For additional background on how Earth’s climate has changed throughout geologic time , see climatic variation and change . For a full description of Earth’s gaseous envelope, within which climate change and global warming occur, see atmosphere .

Climate Change: Evidence and Causes: Update 2020 (2020)

Chapter: conclusion, c onclusion.

This document explains that there are well-understood physical mechanisms by which changes in the amounts of greenhouse gases cause climate changes. It discusses the evidence that the concentrations of these gases in the atmosphere have increased and are still increasing rapidly, that climate change is occurring, and that most of the recent change is almost certainly due to emissions of greenhouse gases caused by human activities. Further climate change is inevitable; if emissions of greenhouse gases continue unabated, future changes will substantially exceed those that have occurred so far. There remains a range of estimates of the magnitude and regional expression of future change, but increases in the extremes of climate that can adversely affect natural ecosystems and human activities and infrastructure are expected.

Citizens and governments can choose among several options (or a mixture of those options) in response to this information: they can change their pattern of energy production and usage in order to limit emissions of greenhouse gases and hence the magnitude of climate changes; they can wait for changes to occur and accept the losses, damage, and suffering that arise; they can adapt to actual and expected changes as much as possible; or they can seek as yet unproven “geoengineering” solutions to counteract some of the climate changes that would otherwise occur. Each of these options has risks, attractions and costs, and what is actually done may be a mixture of these different options. Different nations and communities will vary in their vulnerability and their capacity to adapt. There is an important debate to be had about choices among these options, to decide what is best for each group or nation, and most importantly for the global population as a whole. The options have to be discussed at a global scale because in many cases those communities that are most vulnerable control few of the emissions, either past or future. Our description of the science of climate change, with both its facts and its uncertainties, is offered as a basis to inform that policy debate.

A CKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The following individuals served as the primary writing team for the 2014 and 2020 editions of this document:

Eric Wolff FRS, (UK lead), University of Cambridge
Inez Fung (NAS, US lead), University of California, Berkeley
Brian Hoskins FRS, Grantham Institute for Climate Change
John F.B. Mitchell FRS, UK Met Office
Tim Palmer FRS, University of Oxford
Benjamin Santer (NAS), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
John Shepherd FRS, University of Southampton
Keith Shine FRS, University of Reading.
Susan Solomon (NAS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Kevin Trenberth, National Center for Atmospheric Research
John Walsh, University of Alaska, Fairbanks
Don Wuebbles, University of Illinois

Staff support for the 2020 revision was provided by Richard Walker, Amanda Purcell, Nancy Huddleston, and Michael Hudson. We offer special thanks to Rebecca Lindsey and NOAA Climate.gov for providing data and figure updates.

The following individuals served as reviewers of the 2014 document in accordance with procedures approved by the Royal Society and the National Academy of Sciences:

Richard Alley (NAS), Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University
Alec Broers FRS, Former President of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Harry Elderfield FRS, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge
Joanna Haigh FRS, Professor of Atmospheric Physics, Imperial College London
Isaac Held (NAS), NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
John Kutzbach (NAS), Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin
Jerry Meehl, Senior Scientist, National Center for Atmospheric Research
John Pendry FRS, Imperial College London
John Pyle FRS, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge
Gavin Schmidt, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Emily Shuckburgh, British Antarctic Survey
Gabrielle Walker, Journalist
Andrew Watson FRS, University of East Anglia

The Support for the 2014 Edition was provided by NAS Endowment Funds. We offer sincere thanks to the Ralph J. and Carol M. Cicerone Endowment for NAS Missions for supporting the production of this 2020 Edition.

F OR FURTHER READING

For more detailed discussion of the topics addressed in this document (including references to the underlying original research), see:

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2019: Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate [ https://www.ipcc.ch/srocc ]
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM), 2019: Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda [ https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25259 ]
Royal Society, 2018: Greenhouse gas removal [ https://raeng.org.uk/greenhousegasremoval ]
U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP), 2018: Fourth National Climate Assessment Volume II: Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States [ https://nca2018.globalchange.gov ]
IPCC, 2018: Global Warming of 1.5°C [ https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15 ]
USGCRP, 2017: Fourth National Climate Assessment Volume I: Climate Science Special Reports [ https://science2017.globalchange.gov ]
NASEM, 2016: Attribution of Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change [ https://www.nap.edu/catalog/21852 ]
IPCC, 2013: Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) Working Group 1. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis [ https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1 ]
NRC, 2013: Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change: Anticipating Surprises [ https://www.nap.edu/catalog/18373 ]
NRC, 2011: Climate Stabilization Targets: Emissions, Concentrations, and Impacts Over Decades to Millennia [ https://www.nap.edu/catalog/12877 ]
Royal Society 2010: Climate Change: A Summary of the Science [ https://royalsociety.org/topics-policy/publications/2010/climate-change-summary-science ]
NRC, 2010: America’s Climate Choices: Advancing the Science of Climate Change [ https://www.nap.edu/catalog/12782 ]

Much of the original data underlying the scientific findings discussed here are available at:

https://data.ucar.edu/
https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu
https://iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu
https://ess-dive.lbl.gov/
https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/
https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/
http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/

was established to advise the United States on scientific and technical issues when President Lincoln signed a Congressional charter in 1863. The National Research Council, the operating arm of the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering, has issued numerous reports on the causes of and potential responses to climate change. Climate change resources from the National Research Council are available at .

is a self-governing Fellowship of many of the world’s most distinguished scientists. Its members are drawn from all areas of science, engineering, and medicine. It is the national academy of science in the UK. The Society’s fundamental purpose, reflected in its founding Charters of the 1660s, is to recognise, promote, and support excellence in science, and to encourage the development and use of science for the benefit of humanity. More information on the Society’s climate change work is available at

Climate change is one of the defining issues of our time. It is now more certain than ever, based on many lines of evidence, that humans are changing Earth's climate. The Royal Society and the US National Academy of Sciences, with their similar missions to promote the use of science to benefit society and to inform critical policy debates, produced the original Climate Change: Evidence and Causes in 2014. It was written and reviewed by a UK-US team of leading climate scientists. This new edition, prepared by the same author team, has been updated with the most recent climate data and scientific analyses, all of which reinforce our understanding of human-caused climate change.

Scientific information is a vital component for society to make informed decisions about how to reduce the magnitude of climate change and how to adapt to its impacts. This booklet serves as a key reference document for decision makers, policy makers, educators, and others seeking authoritative answers about the current state of climate-change science.

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Wednesday, August 14, 2024

Watts Up With That?

The world's most viewed site on global warming and climate change

Anthropogenic Global Warming is Political, Not Physical, Science

Arvid Pasto

By now, almost everyone knows that “the world is warming”, and has been told over and over by the mainstream media that it is due to man’s emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), principally but not limited to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). This claim is largely due to the efforts of the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

A history of this institution is very instructive, as its roots trace back to the Club of Rome (a MUST read is https://climatism.blog/2018/12/19/draconian-un-climate-agenda-exposed-global-warming-fears-are-a-tool-for-political-and-economic-change-it-has-nothing-to-do-with-the-actual-climate/ Jamie W. Spry).

I quote extensively from this reference below, in brackets […]:

[The Club of Rome was a group of mainly European scientists and academics, who used computer modelling to warn that the world would run out of finite resources if population growth were left unchecked. The Club of Rome’s 1972 environmental best-seller “The Limits To Growth”, examined five variables in the original model: world population, industrialization, pollution, food production and resource depletion. They noted that “ In searching for a new enemy to unite us, we came up with the idea that…the threat of global warming…would fit the bill…the real enemy, then, is humanity itself.”

Not surprisingly, their study predicted a dire future for mankind unless we ‘act now’: “We are unanimously convinced that rapid, radical redressment of the present unbalanced and dangerously deteriorating world situation is the primary task facing mankind…Concerted international measures and joint long-term planning will be necessary on a scale and scope without precedent…This supreme effort is…founded on a basic change of values and goals at individual, national, and world levels …”(Arvid’s bold italics)

Around the same time, influential anthropologist and president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Margaret Mead, gathered together like-minded anti-population hoaxsters at her 1975, North Carolina conference, “The Atmosphere: Endangered and Endangering”. Mead’s star recruits were climate scare artist Stephen Schneider, population-freak George Woodwell and former AAAS head, John Holdren (Obama’s Science and Technology Czar). All three of them were disciples of Malthusian catastrophist Paul Ehrlich, author of “The Population Bomb”.

The conference concluded that human-produced carbon dioxide would fry the planet, melt the ice caps, and destroy human life. The idea was to sow enough fear of man-made climate change to force global cutbacks in industrial activity and halt Third World development.

The creator, fabricator and proponent of global warming alarmism, Maurice Strong, founded the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and its ‘science’ arm, the UN-IPCC, under the premise of studying only human (CO2) driven causes of climate change.

Strong’s, and the UN’s, ‘Climate Change’ agenda was clearly laid out before the ‘science’ of climate change was butchered and tortured to fit the Global Warming narrative…

“Isn’t the only hope for the planet that the industrialized civilizations collapse? Isn’t it our responsibility to bring that about?” – Maurice Strong, founder of the UN Environment Program (UNEP)

“Current lifestyles and consumption patterns of the affluent middle class – involving high meat intake, use of fossil fuels, appliances, air-conditioning, and suburban housing – are not sustainable.” – Maurice Strong, Rio Earth Summit

“It is the responsibility of each human being today to choose between the force of darkness and the force of light. We must therefore transform our attitudes, and adopt a renewed respect for the superior laws of Divine Nature.“ – Maurice Strong, first Secretary General of UNEP

Why Did They Choose CO2 as the Villain?

Atmospheric physicist, MIT Professor of Meteorology and former IPCC lead author Richard S. Lindzen , examined the politics and ideology behind the CO 2 -centricity that drives the man-made climate change agenda. His summary goes to the very heart of why carbon dioxide has become the center-piece of the ‘global’ climate debate:

“For a lot of people including the bureaucracy in Government and the environmental movement, the issue is power. It’s hard to imagine a better leverage point than carbon dioxide to assume control over a society. It’s essential to the production of energy, it’s essential to breathing. If you demonize it and gain control over it, you so-to-speak, control everything. That’s attractive to people. It’s been openly stated for over forty years that one should try to use this issue for a variety of purposes, ranging from North/South redistribution, to energy independence, to God knows what…”

“CO2 for different people has different attractions. After all, what is it? – it’s not a pollutant, it’s a product of every living creature’s breathing, it’s the product of all plant respiration, it is essential for plant life and photosynthesis, it’s a product of all industrial burning, it’s a product of driving – I mean, if you ever wanted a leverage point to control everything from exhalation to driving, this would be a dream. So it has a kind of fundamental attractiveness to bureaucratic mentality .”

Energy rationing and the control of carbon dioxide , the direct byproduct of cheap, reliable hydrocarbon energy, has always been key to the Left’s Malthusian and misanthropic agenda of depopulation and deindustrialization. A totalitarian ideology enforced through punitive emissions controls under the guise of “Saving the Planet”.

STANFORD University and The Royal Society’s resident global warming alarmist and population freak Paul R. Ehrlich spelled out in 1976 the Left’s anti-energy agenda that still underpins the current ‘climate change’ scare:

“ Giving society cheap, abundant energy would be the equivalent of giving an idiot child a machine gun .” – Prof Paul Ehrlich , Stanford University / Royal Society fellow ]

(end of cited article by Spry)

This introduction to the IPCC ought to set the reader up to expect nothing but political polemic from them. However, to make their stand successful, they had to have some science behind the vilification of CO 2 . This “science” had long been prophesied, from Joseph Fourier in France in 1824, with evidence provided by Claude Pouillet in 1827 and 1838. John Tyndall showed evidence in 1896. But the effect was more fully quantified by Svante Arrhenius in 1896, who made the first quantitative prediction of global warming due to a hypothetical doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide. [Names/dates from Wikipedia, e.g.- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_climate_change_science ]

With this scientifically proposed mechanism as a means to vilify CO 2 , the IPCC was off to the races! The UN gave grants to study the topic, as did many national research institutions in various countries. As academic, and non-governmental organization (NGO), scientists realized how much money there was to be had, the topic ballooned. The UN constructed the UN-FCCC (Framework Convention on Climate Change), with almost all of the countries in the world as “parties” to it.

The IPCC convened yearly meetings, where up to 30,000+ government, academic, NGO, media, and other interested people appeared. These were usually in very nice, expensive places, as their conferences were so large that only certain cities could host them. A few noteworthy were the Conference of the Parties (COPs) numbered 3 (Kyoto, Japan 1997), 15 (Copenhagen, Denmark 2009), 16 (Cancun, Mexico), 21 (Paris, France 2015), and 24 (Katowice, Poland 2018). I call these five out because I will describe some of their outcomes, and some telling, typically off-camera, commentary from the attendees as to the REAL purpose of these meetings.

The COP official attendees (representatives of the governments, NOT the press or NGOs) developed plans, many of which became “treaties” to be signed by the countries. For instance, at COP 3 in Kyoto, it was agreed that the world should reduce its GHG output. As WIKIPEDIA puts it [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol ]…

“The Kyoto Protocol implemented the objective of the UNFCCC to reduce the onset of global warming by reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to “a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system” (Article 2). The Kyoto Protocol applies to the six greenhouse gases listed in Annex A: Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous oxide (N2O), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6). [6]

The Protocol is based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities: it acknowledges that individual countries have different capabilities in combating climate change, owing to economic development , and therefore puts the obligation to reduce current emissions on developed countries on the basis that they are historically responsible for the current levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.”

So, you see immediately that the push is to blame the “developed nations” (read USA), and this mantra becomes the basis of later agreements on “climate reparations” (the US and other developed nations put all of these horrible GHGs into the atmosphere, and thus they should pay those who need the money and DID NOT add significant CO 2 to the atmosphere).

Bill Clinton was US President at this time, and he agreed to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, even though it had legally-binding requirements on the US, and would require Senate ratification. George Bush became president in 2001, and the Senate refused to ratify the Protocol, so, for all intents and purposes, it was dead.

Not to be defeated, the IPCC kept pushing each year to get everyone on board. And each time, they ratcheted up their demands on the developed world. The term “Loss and Damage” became the rallying call for the “developing” countries, wherein they could claim that the developed world caused the climate problems they face(d), and they could then sue (us).

At COP15 in Copenhagen, the “Parties”, emboldened by the election of Barack Obama to presidency of the US in 2008, agreed to an unbelievable (to me) wording. If we signed on to this, the United States would agree to become subservient to a “government” consisting of over 100 other nations, including giving this “government” the ability to tax the U.S. to pay “reparations” for having burned fossil fuels; to give it permission to tax our GDP up to 2% annually; and other assorted insults!

I put the word government in quotations, because that is the word the proposed Copenhagen Treaty actually used.

Meanwhile at that COP, the press was able to capture some very candid commentary from the attendees:

According to Jacques Chirac, the (1997) Kyoto Treaty is “the first component of an authentic global government.” In the words of Margaret Wallstrom, the EU’s commissioner for the environment, “This is about creating a level playing field for big businesses throughout the world.” Canada’s environment minister Christine Stewart comments “No matter if the science is all phony, there are still collateral environmental benefits” to global warming policies… “Climate change provides the greatest chance to bring about justice and equality in the world.” [ Leo Johnson, Understanding the Global Warming Hoax , 2009, Red Anvil Press, Oakland, CA, Page 65 ]

How damning is that? Now we know exactly, that what we thought was true…the goal is NOT to “reduce global warming”…it is to control the world.

Further, at the later Cancun COP, in a candid interview with Ottmar Edenhofer, co-chair of the IPCC’s Working Group III, and Lead author of the IPCC’s AR4 (Assessment Report #4), in 2007, he was quoted as saying “…climate policy has almost nothing to do anymore with environmental protection.”

“..the world climate summit in Cancun is actually an economy summit, during which the distribution of the world’s resources will be negotiated.” [ http://www.cfact.org/a/1858/Do-you-believe-in-magic—-climate-numbers?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+cfact+%28CFACT%29 ]

And it gets worse. At COP 21 in Paris in 2015, the UN Climate Chief stated “This is the first time in the history of mankind that we are setting ourselves the task of intentionally, within a defined period of time, to(sic) change the economic development model that has been reigning for at least 150 years…since the industrial revolution”. [https://citatis.com/a34446/077687/ ]

My question would be: the “economic development model” has worked for 150 years…why change it now? It has been very successful.

However, at COP 24 in Poland in 2018, the UN doubled down, with the UN climate chief stating…

“Failure to act will be catastrophic.” “We require deep transformations of our economies and societies.” “The impacts of climate change are increasingly hard to ignore.” [ http://www.climatedepot.com/2018/12/03/un-climate-chief-has-solution-to-urgent-climate-threat-we-require-deep-transformations-of-our-economies-and-societies/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+ClimateDepot+%28Climate+Depot%29 ]

While much of this international subterfuge was happening, the US was under President Obama’s regime, which was fully bought into this socialist doctrine. He knew that there was NO CHANCE of getting any of these UN “treaties” ratified by the Congress. He also had seen that there was no chance of getting any carbon tax, or carbon “cap and trade” agreement passed. So, he unleashed the EPA to do the dirty work.

The EPA managed to get a court ruling that CO 2 was “pollution”. Many lawsuits were brought against this “finding”, resulting in its going before the Supreme Court. Without ANY scientific background, the SCOTUS allowed the finding against CO 2 . Now, under the Clean Air Act, EPA could wreak havoc.

And they tried to, numerous times. For instance, in 2011, they promulgated new rules on carbon dioxide. “Using their own figures : they said that the new regulations would cost the US $78 billion per year.” [ http://wattsupwiththat.com/2011/03/13/how-much-would-you-buy/ ]

And the EPA chief (Gina McCarthy) said that these regulations were estimated to lower global mean temperature by 0.006 to 0.015C by 2100. (ARVID’s note…this is ABSOLUTELY INSIGNIFICANT compared to the 3+/- degrees of warming that the IPCC was claiming, by the year 2100.) These EPA costs represented $1900 TRILLION PER DEGREE!

What the hell were they thinking? You will see later….

In 2015, EPA released new regulations, designed to bankrupt America. These new regulations were cheaper than the 2011 versions, and would only cost us about $2.5 TRILLION. That is $125 trillion per degree of saved warming. And then, under questioning, EPA’s chief (Gina McCarthy) said thatthe global cooling effect would be less than 0.02F, but that it was important that we do it to set an example to the world !

Really…the US will bankrupt itself to set an example to the world?

And then, in 2016, again under Senate questioning, the truth comes out: “ … she says the rule is about “driving investment in renewables…,[and] advancing our ongoing clean energy revolution”. McCarthy says, “That’s what… reinventing a global economy looks like.” https://www.climatedepot.com/2016/05/12/epa-chief-concedes-no-climate-impact-from-climate-rule-its-about-reinventing-a-global-economy/ ]

McCarthy has to be some special kind of stupid, or a raging socialist, or both!

At this point, I don’t even need to get into the incredibly poor “science” used by the IPCC and then totally swallowed by the lamestream media. I can talk about it until the world ends, but surely to no avail.

Many people with access to world-class computers have shown the ridiculousness of the IPCC’s attempts to “control global warming”. Some examples follow:

‘If the U.S. delivers for the whole century on President Obama’s very ambitious rhetoric, it would postpone global warming by about eight months at the end of the century.’

The cost of the UN Paris climate pact is likely to run 1 to 2 trillion dollars every year .’

Statistician: UN climate treaty will cost $100 trillion – To Have No Impact – Postpone warming by less than four years by 2100

An analysis in 2013 showed that…

“…if the US as a whole stopped emitting all carbon dioxide emissions immediately, the ultimate impact on projected global temperature rise would be a reduction, or a “savings”, of approximately 0.08C by the year 2050, and 0.17C by the year 2100…amounts that are, for all intents and purposes, negligible.”

I hope you got that…if the US “completely disappeared”, it would NOT stop global warming.

The UNIPCC Conference(s) of the Parties have continued, with gatherings in major world sites, from COP-22 in Morocco through COP-28 in Dubai (for complete listing, see https://unfccc.int/process/bodies/supreme-bodies/conference-of-the-parties-cop ).

At each of these, the world’s leaders convened, and wrangled over thorny issues, trying to push to a “FINAL” agreement. Two major issues were (1) trying to end production and use of fossil fuels, and (2) implementing a means of “loss and damage”, whereby those countries deemed to have produced the most global warming via fossil fuels would compensate those countries most affected by “climate change”.

In Dubai in 2023, the participants came close to agreeing to stop fossil fuels. The closest they could come to “stopping” fossil fuels was to agree to “phase down” their production and use. This was most unsatisfactory to the strongest climate alarmists. “However, many countries walked away from the talks frustrated at the lack of a clear call for a fossil-fuel “ phase-out ” this decade – and at a “ litany of loopholes ” in the text that might enable the production and consumption of coal, oil and gas to continue.” [ https://www.carbonbrief.org/cop28-key-outcomes-agreed-at-the-un-climate-talks-in-dubai/ ]

Regarding the second topic…” Despite an early breakthrough on launching a fund to pay for “ loss and damage ” from climate change, developing countries were left disappointed by a lack of new financial commitments for transitioning away from fossil fuels and adapting to climate impacts.” [ https://www.carbonbrief.org/cop28-key-outcomes-agreed-at-the-un-climate-talks-in-dubai/ ]

Meanwhile, greenhouse gas emissions, principally CO 2 and methane, have been inexorably increasing, even as thousands of megawatts of renewable energy have been brought on line. And global temperature has been slowly increasing. And the alarmists and liberal media continue their shrill voices demanding “change”.

I would have agreed with Malthus and the others back in the 1970s. However, since then, every expectation has failed. Now we face a natural population peak later this century and likely a long term decline thereafter. All the alarmists are past their sell by dates but have gained so much that they will not loosen their grip until they die. They said that science progresses one death at a time but now it is their turn.

They’re in ecology classrooms today. If they live as long as Ehrlich?

VERY Nice post.

A gentle correction. Tyndall was 1859. Arrhenius was 1896.

I would add two famously noteworthy further thesis ratifying quotes. One by former UNFCC head Figueres that (longish summed) ‘it is really about wealth redistribution’, and then later by IPCC WG3 head Edenhofer that “We redistribute de facto the world’s wealth by climate policy.”

I would also have added a reference to the 1967 publication “The Report From Iron Mountain”, detailing the need to manufacture a crisis in the absence of perpetual war. It suggested several possibilities, from space alien invasion to environmental degradation. It was dismissed by the establishment as satire, and called fodder for “conspiracy theorists”, but it essentially details the efforts we have witnessed with regard to the “climate crisis”.

First link is bad. I haven’t checked the others ones yet.

If you copy-paste the link it works.

https://climatism.blog/2018/12/19/draconian-un-climate-agenda-exposed-global-warming-fears-are-a-tool-for-political-and-economic-change-it-has-nothing-to-do-with-the-actual-climate/

Not sure if it’s just my computer, but first link goes to: “Sorry, page unavailable”

This is really important.

“ it’s the product of all plant respiration ”

Product or an input?

Plants “respire” as they metabolize sugars, etc. Microbial respiration and decomposition accounts for another 60 GtC of emissions.

Nature absorbs slightly more CO2 than it emits in the annual carbon cycle. That’s why the atmospheric CO2 level has been declining for billions of years. About 50 years ago humans began recycling sequestered underground carbon in sufficient amounts to increase atmospheric CO2. So far the result has been a better climate and improved plant growth

Yet still the human contribution is only 4% of all CO2 flux.

We can, and should, do more.

China, India are doing their bit, by stupid western nations are destroying their economies in a vapid attempt to reduce CO2 emissions.

Both. Plants use CO2 in photosynthesis. Plants emit CO2 when they respire ( build cells).

:Anthropogenic Global Warming is Political, Not Physical, Science”

The author used a HUGE number of words to show that the science of global warming was being abused, with scary predictions, for political purposes. As if he was being paid by the word.

He did nothing to refute the science that manmade CO2 emissions cause global warming.

The title of the article is a deception If that was the author’s title, then he is a hack looking for attention.

“He did nothing to refute the science that manmade CO2 emissions cause global warming.”

Many people on this web site have shown that is of little importance and certainly not worth changing civilization.

The fact that CO2 emissions cause global warming is very important. That basic science has allowed wild speculation about feedbacks that amplify the mild warming from CO2.

Conservatives too often become AGW deniers and then no one will listen to them. They are scared to admit, or dumb in the case of BeNasty, that CO2 has an effect on the climate.

The average climate model in the 1970s predicted a +3 degree C. rise of the global average temperature for CO2 x 2. the actual increase has been about +2.4 degrees C. per doubling so far, based on surface average temperatures.

With the predicted warming rate in the ballpark of reality, it’s a very tough job to convince people that climate models are just an average of wild guesses.

The actual warming was 25% less than the models, and the warming was not 100% due to CO2. That’s too complicate for most people.

What causes people to think is asking them how they were harmed by the past 48 years of actual global warming.

Here in SE Michigan, most people realize our winters are not as cold as in the 1970s and 1980s, and we have far less snow. They may not realize there were scary predictions of global warming doom each year as our winters were getting milder. It’s my job to tell them.

A surprising number of people have no idea greenhouses use CO2 enrichment in the winter and spring.

A surprising number of people have no idea their current Michigan properties were covered by a thick glacier 20,000 years ago … that melted in 10,000 years … long before people started burning fossil fuels.

Ordinary people will reject false claims that humans have no effect on the climate, or CO2 does nothing, or there has been no warming since 2015. If you claim, or imply, 100% of consensus climate science is wrong, you will be ignored. Because you are wrong.

Again, No actual scientific evidence,

Just a rant followed by a stupid call to a fake consensus.

Please show us the human caused warming in the UAH data.. you have continually FAILED to do so.

Being a zero evidence AGW apologist/collaborator, plays right into the far-left agenda.

Ah, once again we are presented with the drama of the bromance between Richard Greene and whoever the hell is hiding behind the “bnice2000” cowardly moniker. I really wish you losers would advance from kindergarten to a level where there can be an adult discussion.

Once again we have a fool that likes to lick RG’s boots.

Humans do contribute to global warming, but do not cause it. As we alter the environment, for example, has its effects. Consider the UHI.

The unanswered question is, what would be going on with the Earth’s energy equilibrium if no humans were present. Probably much the same as it is now.

“ or there has been no warming since 2015″

Show us the warming since 2015 that is NOT associated with non-human-forced El Ninos.

You do know that even GISS showed cooling from 2017 to just before the recent El Nino, don’t you ?

At least you seem to be admitting there was no atmospheric warming from 2001-2015, while CO2 levels continued to climb.

Ordinary people will reject false claims that humans have no effect on the climate, or CO2 does nothing, or there has been no warming since 2015.

What ”effect” are humans having? There has been no warming since 2015 notwithstanding the temporary spike this year.

Perhaps RG thinks that the 2023/24 El Nino was caused by human SUVs and electricity production !

Who knows what stupid anti-science dwells in that little pseudo-brain.

El Niños, Hunga Tonga Volcanic Eruption, and the Tropics https://www.windtaskforce.org/profiles/blogs/hunga-tonga-volcanic-eruption https://www.windtaskforce.org/profiles/blogs/natural-forces-cause-periodic-global-warming . PART I

Impetus of El Niños Near the Equator, a 9000m-deep plateau, near Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands, has major periodic, volcanic activity, that influences the world’s weather. The plateau covers about 150,000 square miles. It is: 1) One of the most geologically active regions on Earth 2) Home to the junction of five active fault systems, the second-largest, ocean-floor lava plateau on Earth, 3) Has hundreds of ocean floor volcanoes, and a large number of ocean-floor hydrothermal vents . See URLs https://www.plateclimatology.com/why-el-nios-originate-from-geologic-not-atmospheric-sources https://climatechangedispatch.com/geologist-how-geologic-factors-generate-el-nino-and-la-nina-events/ . The plateau has several tectonic plates slide over each other. There are hundreds of vents and lava eruptions. The cause of sliding is mostly gravitational pull of the moon. The forces must be enormous to move around so much water every 24 hours. Just as the oceans react with tides, the floating land masses react as well, but with much smaller amplitudes, except at weak points, such as the 9000-m deep plateau. The Pacific Rim has many weak points, with vents and eruptions, as does the mid-Atlantic rift. That is the normal situation, but every 3 to 7 years additional sliding occurs on the plateau. This causes additional venting and eruptions and additional heating of the already warmish water; the impetus of an El Niño, rated weak to very strong, whose development and consequences are well known. This water rises, and with pre-vailing currents, arrives at Peru. That El Niño process takes several months. The upwelling weakens the trade winds , which changes air pressure and wind speeds, and push warm water toward the west coast of South America. See Image 11 At higher latitudes, these changes in the tropics allow the Pacific Jet Stream , a narrow current of air flowing from west to east, to be pushed south and spread further east. The jet stream steers weather systems, thereby determining the weather patterns seen across a wide geographic area.

Water Vapor Near the Equator, the sun shines on the Pacific surface nearly vertically, while the water travels, causing much evaporation and huge cloud formation. As the water vapor and warm air rises, other air flows in to fill the “vacuum”. This causes winds, which ripple the surface, which causes greater rates of evaporation, which causes increased winds and waves, which causes even greater rates of evaporation, etc.

Hunga Tonga Underwater Eruption Now comes along a rare event, the very large Hunga Tonga eruption on January 15, 2022, which sent 146 million metric ton of WV into the upper atmosphere and stratosphere within a few DAYS, which caused a 10 to 15% increase in total WV in the atmosphere, which had minimal impact on worldwide WV ppm, but a major impact on local Pacific WV ppm. WV is a strong green house gas (CO2 is a weak greenhouse gas), so the El Niño process likely would GRADUALLY heat the lower atmosphere, aka troposphere, by say 0.5 C (measured from the start of 2023, blue line), as shown by NASA satellite measurements. The Hunga Tonga eruption likely would add another 0.5 C (measured from the start of 2023, blue line), for a total of 1.0 C, as shown on Image 2 It may take up to 5 years for the increased WV to dissipate, and while this happens, the lower atmosphere would have elevated temperatures, which would gradually decrease to more normal levels. . Image 1 , updated monthly, shows 45 years of temperatures of the lower atmosphere, based on satellite measurements by NASA. It shows the peak of the El Nino of 2019 – 2020 and the low-point of the La Nina of January 2022, but does not yet show the up/down spikes of the subsequent El Nino/La Nina. Those spikes have nothing to do with CO2 emissions, manmade and natural, all of which are gradually increasing, due to increased world wide greening, increased use of fossil fuels, and other causes. Because La Niña and El Niño cycles often span multiple consecutive years, the last La Niña event impacted the Pacific during the winter of 2020-2021 and then again in the winter of 2022/2023, as shown in this analysis by Meteorologist Paul Dorian, “La Nina Conditions Continue Across the Equatorial Pacific.”

See images in URLs

The fact that CO2 emissions cause global warming is very important.

Only in your mind.

Conservatives too often become AGW deniers

You mean deniers of an hypothesis which even the IPCC admits is undetectable (and will always remain undetectable?? Wow, that must really trouble you eh?

The actual warming was 25% less than the models, and the warming was not 100% due to CO2. That’s too complicate for most people.

You included. Please understand that climate models only exist to entertain certain people and are capable of nothing else.

The climate models are weapons used to threaten and scare people into submission. To some that may be entertainment, but….

Here in SE Michigan, most people realize our winters are not as cold as in the 1970s and 1980s, and we have far less snow.

And what has that to do with ”AGW”?

If you claim, or imply, 100% of consensus climate science is wrong, you will be ignored. Because you are wrong.

100% of consensus climate science is wrong wholly or partly – which of course means wholly.

It’s my job to tell them.

It’s your job to make a fool of yourself as often as possible and you are doing admirably.

The problem with your approach is that you do not distinguish between a short term forcing effect and a longer term effect on climate.

It is undoubtedly true that a rise in CO2 will have a forcing effect. That is just physics. Whether that forcing effect will result in a rise in global temperatures is a completely different thing, its a question about how the climate responds to forcings of all kinds, its about feedbacks of all kinds.

When we come to look at the trend in Michigan winter temperatures over the last 50 years (I assume there really is one) there is a real problem of attribution. How much of it is due to natural cyclical or random variation, and how much of it is due to the forcing effect of the increase in CO2 ppm during that same period? And how much of it will be eliminated by regression to the mean of a random or cyclical process involving feedbacks?

It is perfectly reasonable to doubt that CO2 increases have any significant long term effect on global temperatures, while at the same time accepting that they, like many other factors, do have a forcing effect. The observational studies I’m aware of seem to indicate that there is a long term effect, but a very small and not alarming one.

It is very misleading to say that its scientifically proven that CO2 increases produce warming, without distinguishing the two. They do have a forcing effect. Whether that forcing effect produces a permanent rise in temperature is very doubtful, and its still more doubtful that any effect of this kind is large or alarming.

CO2 as a force in not true. This forcing function is a contrived phrase using established language that is repurposed to push a narrative.

CO2 has a minor/trivial affect on energy transport within the atmosphere and that is all.

The fact that CO2 emissions cause make a minor contribution to global warming is very important true .

You might want to change the phraseology.

CO2 has a minor affect on the atmosphere.

much the way the ipcc does the opposite

There’s no evidence to refute. There is no evidence that CO2 has raised the temperatures enough to be measurable. That amounts to there being no evidence that CO2 emissions cause global warming..

There are no tropospheric “Hot Spots” as required for the AGW Enhanced Greenhouse Effect (EGE) speculation.

“There’s no evidence to refute. There is no evidence that CO2 has raised the temperatures enough to be measurable.”

There is 127 years of evidence that nearly 100% of scientists believe.

There is no evidence of intelligence i your comment.

Funny little Tourettes tantrum response again

No actual evidence produced , of course.

There is 127 years of evidence

That still means basically nothing

Yeah, that’s not an argument.

Just because someone believes something doesn’t make it true.

I assume that you are referring to Arrhenius’ paper in 1896?

This is standard AGW fare presenting their chosen Groupthink belief as scientific consensus, when it is nothing of the sort. Today AGW has become anti-science , beloved by the gullible and innumerate, with its rejection of challenges and increasingly desperate attempts to frighten people into alignment with claims of being the cause of extreme weather events.

Dave Fair has refuted the evidence of dangerous global warming. No Tropical Hotspot = No Dangerous AGW.

Without the feedback from water vapour, there is no dangerous global warming. It is not significant. You are concerned about something that is real, but irrelevant.

May I suggest you campaign against rainbows causing traffic accidents by being distracting. It’s also real, related to the weather, and slightly more dangerous than AGW.

Most scientists actually disagree. The modelers and politicians and academicians who are party to the ideology are the ones who agree.

You are the hack looking for attention. Don’t throw stones when you live in a glass house, bub

Mister Bub, to you

Pathetic arrogance from such a scientific and personal non-entity.

Humor is a difficult concept.

You have done absolutely nothing to produce any empirical evidence of warming by atmospheric CO2.

It really is just a RELIGIOUS BELIEF to you.. and all AGW apologists and collaborator.

You have shown that the title is totally correct.

Well done. 🙂

The science denier and El Nino Nutter does his best to make all conservatives appear to be science deniers. The leftists celebrate his nonsense comments.

Poor RG, yet another tantrum.. with ZERO evidence.

You haven’t produced any science .. so nothing to deny.

The leftists love such petty support for their scam.

Your use of “science denier” to individuals who know more science than you is offensive.

Only offensive if it is from someone worth taking offence from.

I don’t worry about yapping Chihuahuas..

The science denier

What science?

You know, the hypothetical bullshit that doesn’t apply in the real world.

You have done nothing to refute the evidence (the quotes) that the AGW is political and not scientific. When someone tells you who they are and their ultimate goals (e.g., control of our lives), believe them.

AGW science based on data is not used to scare people

CAGW predictions not based on data are used to scare people

There is a huge difference between claiming humans can affect the climate (AGW) and human climate change is dangerous (CAGW)

But some conservatives are not sophisticated enough to differentiate between AGW and CAGW. Dingbats such as BeNasty, for one glaring example.

“AGW science based on data “

Please point to the AGW in the UAH data.

Please present your “data” that proves CO2 causes warming.

Still waiting !!!

You are still failing.

Some AGW-apologists are too dumb to differentiate between AGW, and AUW.

And too empty to produce any evidence of actual AGW.

RG thinks his science is cast in stone. And that is wrong. Due to the complexity of interacting and never settled into equilibrium of elements in the climate ( unlike in a lab) any claim to truth is stating an obvious falsehood. That is why RG almost always refers to a consensus. Because he HAS to. Proving anything in a complex system like the climate is problematic from the start. You can use statistics/ data. Or you can assume, as i do, that climate science is simply a set of stated hypotheses mostly not reaching the level of theory and that proof that A>B is only valid for simply mechanisms that dont need a set of underlying assumptions to be reasonably accepted.

Please show what predictions are based on data

The problem with the expression AGW (anthropogenic global warming) is that it intrinsically assigns all change to human activities. Global Warming (GW) is real and very little of it is due to humanity.

Catastrophic AGW is just AGW on steroids to create fear of doom.

It seems you are not sophisticated enough to differentiate between GW and AGW and CAGW.

Specifically, what empirical evidence and/or science – your belief does not count – are you referring to? And “manmade CO2”? Does that have a different effect than natural CO2? Time to get beyond generalizations and get down to the nitty-gritty.

And a Luser.

Here’s a few Political “Science” quotes:

— “The common enemy of humanity is man. In searching for a new enemy to unite us, we came up with the idea that pollution, the threat of global warming, water shortages, famine and the like would fit the bill. All these dangers are caused by human intervention, and it is only through changed attitudes and behavior that they can be overcome. The real enemy then, is humanity itself.” — Club of Rome, premier environmental think-tank, consultants to the United Nations. — “We need to get some broad based support, to capture the public’s imagination… So we have to offer up scary scenarios, make simplified, dramatic statements and make little mention of any doubts… Each of us has to decide what the right balance is between being effective and being honest.” – Prof. Stephen Schneider, Stanford Professor of Climatology, lead author of many IPCC reports.

— “We’ve got to ride this global warming issue. Even if the theory of global warming is wrong, we will be doing the right thing in terms of economic and environmental policy.” – Timothy Wirth, president of the UN Foundation.

— “No matter if the science of global warming is all phony. … climate change provides the greatest opportunity to bring about justice and equality in the world.” – Christine Stewart, former Canadian Minister of the Environment

— “The data doesn’t matter. We’re not basing our recommendations on the data. We’re basing them on the climate models.” – Professor Chris Folland, Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research.

— “The models are convenient fictions that provide something very useful.” – Dr David Frame, climate modeler, Oxford University.

— “It doesn’t matter what is true, it only matters what people believe is true.” – Paul Watson, co-founder of Greenpeace.

— “It doesn’t matter what is true, it only matters what people believe is true.” – Paul Watson, co-founder of Greenpeace.

Enter Richard Greenpeace….

Very nice post worth bookmarking. At the very least, there are a lot of facts here that would help future historians understand exactly how the Left sold us down the river into serfdom.

Great Post. There is also another part to the climate fraud – climate modeling. Starting in the 1960s Manabe’s group at the old US Weather Bureau decided to ‘double dip’ their funding and try to predict CO2 induced climate warming as well as weather. In their 1967 model, Manabe and Wetherald claimed that a doubling of the CO2 concentration from 300 to 600 ppm would produce an increase in ‘equilibrium surface temperature’ of 2.9 °C for clear sky conditions. This temperature rise was just a mathematical artifact of the simplistic one dimensional radiative convective (1-D RC) model that they were using. They spent the next 8 years building their 1967 algorithms into every unit cell of a ‘highly simplified’ global circulation model (GCM) [ M&W, 1975 ]. They rapidly became trapped in a web of lies of their own making and all of their future work had to show a ‘climate sensitivity’ to a CO2 doubling that matched their earlier work. Later, in 1979 they added to the fraud by including a simplified ‘slab’ ocean layer in their model [ Manabe and Stouffer, 1979 ] The climate modeling fraud then grew through ‘mission creep’ as other government agencies began climate studies. When funding was reduced for NASA as the Apollo (moon landing) program ended in 1972, the planetary atmospheres group was told to switch to ‘earth studies’. In 1976, they blindly copied the 1967 M&W paper and created warming artifacts for 10 ‘minor’ species including methane and nitrous oxide [ Wang et al, 1976 ]. In 1981 they copied Manabe and Stouffer and added a ‘slab’ ocean model. In addition, they claimed that they could simulate a ‘global temperature record’ with this model by using changes in CO2 concentration, volcanic aerosols and changes in solar flux. This established the pseudoscience of radiative forcings, feedbacks and a climate sensitivity to CO2 that is still used in the climate models today [ Hansen et al, 1981 ]. As funding was reduced for nuclear programs, the US National Labs, incorporated into the Department of Energy in 1977, also jumped on the climate bandwagon. This gradually evolved into the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) that has become a major source of fraudulent climate model results for the IPCC climate assessment reports. Later as computer technology improved, the original 1-D steady state models were replaced by atmospheric GCMs and then by coupled ocean-atmosphere GCMs. Starting with the Third IPCC Assessment Report in 2001, the radiative forcings were split into ‘natural’ and ‘anthropogenic’ contributions. A dubious statistical argument was used to claim that the anthropogenic forcing could cause an increase in ‘extreme weather’. This provided the argument for Net Zero. Little has changed since 2001. These modeling errors are discussed in ‘ A Nobel Prize for Climate Modeling Errors ’ Science of Climate Change 4 (1) pp. 1-73 (2024) https://doi.org/10.53234/scc202404/17

There is also another part to the climate fraud – climate modeling.

_____________________________________________________

There’s this:

IPCC TAR Chapter 14 page 774 pdf6

In climate research and modelling, we should recognise that we are dealing with a coupled non-linear chaotic system, and therefore that the long-term prediction of future climate states is not possible.

Also saved on The Internet Archives Way Back Machine

They’re always banging on about Big Oil but can’t see Green Gravy staring at them in the mirror- Disbelief as Australia smashes 400-year-old record: ‘Off the charts’ (yahoo.com)

Peter Ridd basically told them they were a bunch of doomster drama queens with coral bleaching which only came to attention with the widespread use of SCUBA in the 1980s. When he was right with the facts as the coral recovered just like he said it would did he get a humble apology from the doomster Groupthinkers?

Nup there’s just double down with King James or some such drivel and yet these are the same panic merchants who in the next breath will tell us how we should all pay homage to the first inhabitants and their 60000+ year history. Makes eminent sense for them as without a written record and only the Dreamtime they can make it all up too as they go along. Hippiedom and drugs started all this.

400 years.. middle of the LIA.

Yes there has been some warming…. THANK GOODNESS.

Older proxy data tells us a much different story.

MUCH warmer during the period before the LIA.. and coral reefs LUVED it !!

Meanwhile, the entire population of the United States could comfortably fit in just the State of Texas with room to spare.

I’m pretty sure Texans would not welcome an influx of far-left woke trans-degenerates from California and NY !

10 star article. This is the root of it all. It is about raw power in the hands of a few. They want to reorder every aspect of your life like the plots of many dystopian sci-fi tales. When you research these people and the groups they founded, you will find the rabbit trail. They’re anti-human demons trying to reorder and overthrow God’s creation.

Predicting the discrete solar forcing of mid latitude heat and cold waves at very long range is highly useful. Predicting the solar forcing of the AMO is vital for forecasts of Sahel drought, especially as the IPCC have it backwards and don’t see any drought returning. The ersatz world of climate academia regards it all as unforced chaotic internal variability, and then does the double-think of imagining that CO2 driven global heating will increase the extremes of the weather variability. Yes politicians are milking it, but it begins with the mental masturbations of scientists, who are also actively obstructing the pathway to the science the people actually need.

My comment on the previous post here seems to also relevant to this post.

So I’ll repeat it –

The IPCC is unashamedly by charter a political organisation, not a front-line scientific research collaboration.

Some snippets from various “About” statements –

The IPCC does not conduct its own original research. The WMO and UNEP therefore created the IPCC as an intergovernmental body in 1988. Scientists take part in the IPCC as both experts and government representatives. Member governments must also endorse the reports by consensus agreement. The IPCC is an organization of governments.

An interesting read also is this boastful article “How The IPCC Got Started” from the Environmental Defense Fund’s website.

Note the pride in their being convenors of an organisation whose “main accomplishment was to provide official auspices for a more activist group of experts”

https://blogs.edf.org/climate411/2007/11/01/ipcc_beginnings/

Since the planetary mechanism required to support the CAGW conjecture can never exist, political science is the only recourse…

““Isn’t the only hope for the planet that the industrialized civilizations collapse? Isn’t it our responsibility to bring that about?” – Maurice Strong, founder of the UN Environment Program (UNEP)”

Later this notion emerged in the IPCC’s charter which read in part “The role of the IPCC is to assess on a comprehensive, objective, open and transparent basis the scientific, technical and socio-economic information relevant to understanding the scientific basis of risk of human-induced climate change , its potential impacts and options for adaptation and mitigation.”

In other words, the conclusion that climate change is due to anthropogenic factors is baked into IPCC’s “orders” from day one. This would also explain why empirical evidence that CO2 is not the major driving force for climate change is omitted from IPCC’s reports, resulting in a biased assessment.

Representatives of the UN IPCC have already admitted that their orginal intent was global wealth redistribution and not to protect the Earth, making their goal a political rather than an environmental issue. UN IPCC Official Admits ‘We Redistribute World’s Wealth By Climate Policy’ | Newsbusters Not surprising when the ongoing aim of that organisation is to control the emissions and, therefore, economic and population growth of all the nations on Earth.

I did a Bing search on: UN COP 28 Budget, and found that 57 BILLION DOLLARS was pledged or promised by the participant countries for 2023 for variety programs. Some of these programs are economic assistant and development for the poor countries.

It clearly falls inline w ‘the great taking’ by David Rogers Webb https://thegreattaking.com/read-online-or-download . You can see it as nonsense conspiracy theory but much can be backed up by both evidence in written as spoken statements just like what the article says.

So, you can talk about the science as such or political motivation. They seem to be very tight together these days for reasons clearly stated in both this article and books like The Great Taking and the current situation. Connected to environmentalism is also the ideology proposed by Marx et al. Uber environmentalism as a way of redistribution of wealth. I don’t think one can no longer dismiss these points of data as ‘fabricated’. It also makes talking about The Science as such difficult. There are many who take an absolutist stance and see anyone who disagrees with them and their side as ‘nutters’. I think that climate science is complicated enough to not fall into that obvious trap. There is a very reasonable assumption of uncertainty about every aspect of climate science. It is in essense a series of hypotheses w certain elements closer to the known laws of physics than others. However, definite statements might be made by including saying that NOONE can actually claim The Truth. And we all should know that consensus counts for nothing and that people defending their position on that basis (like RG) are not doing science.

I like the idea of diversity and resent people trying to force their Truth down everybody’s throat which is the main danger we face.

Dodgy dudes attracted to dodgy thin air derivatives- Solar installers ‘cheated’ out of millions (msn.com)

A reporter named Marjorie Mazel Hecht some years ago described the 1975 conference organized by Margaret Mead, in an article entitled “Where the Global Warming Hoax Was Born.” It’s still available here:

http://21sci-tech.com/Articles%202007/GWHoaxBorn.pdf

Great piece. Key architect in the climate change movement Maurice Strong was a very shady player. That fact that needs to be kept alive and up front. The Oil for Food was one of the more notorious chapters. Kofi Annan Secretary General at the UN, North Korea and Iraq funneled millions in the pockets of him.

https://www.fdd.org/analysis/2007/02/06/at-the-united-nations-the-curious-career-of-maurice-strong/

The Climate Borg. Resistances is futile. You will be assimilated. Existence as you know it is over.

From article:” Why Did They Choose CO2 as the Villain?”

Because no one would believe a word they said if they used water vapor. And WV is far more abundant.

Why is there a term “heat index” when humidity goes up?

The author (Arvid Pasto) replies to RIchard Greene implying that I am a “…hack looking for attention…”.

In fact, I am a retired scientist with a distinguished 38-year career in the application of high-temperature materials for energy systems. This includes over 20 years at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 11 years at GTE Laboratories, Inc., and four years as a consultant and part-time employee of a company from GA, developing innovative thin-film nanosystems.

“But the effect was more fully quantified by Svante Arrhenius in 1896, who made the first quantitative prediction of global warming due to a hypothetical doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide.”

I have read Arrhenius’ 1896 paper in detail, and there are lots of problems with his theory. His infrared absorption coefficients for water vapor and CO2 were based on experiments with light from the full moon, although the blackbody emission temperature of moonlight was unknown at the time (various guesses in his paper ranged from 40 C to 100 C). The Planck distribution of blackbody radiation as a function of light frequency was unknown at the time, to be discovered five years later.

Arrhenius also assumed that the entire atmosphere could be modeled with a single infrared absorption coefficient, without taking into account the decrease in atmospheric pressure (and molar concentration of water vapor and CO2) with altitude. During some of the experiments with moonlight, the CO2 concentration was measured as significantly greater than 300 ppm, but could it be assumed that the CO2 concentration was uniform throughout the atmosphere, and equal to that in the laboratory? What if a nearby burning candle was artificially increasing the CO2 concentration near the experimental apparatus?

Arrhenius also postulated that the temperature of the atmosphere increased with altitude, which is contrary to the known thermal gradients of the troposphere.

Arrhenius calculated that increasing the CO2 concentration from 300 ppm (his assumed concentration in 1896) to 450 ppm would increase surface temperatures by 3.0 to 3.4 C (depending slightly on latitude). In reality, CO2 concentrations have already reached 420 ppm, and global average surface temperatures have only warmed by 1.1 C from 1896 to the present (per GISS), so that Arrhenius’ predictions were greatly exaggerated.

Arrhenius’ theory was somewhat discredited after its publication, since global average temperatures decreased from 1896 to 1909, increased from 1909 to 1944, and decreased again from 1944 to 1976, while CO2 concentrations continued to rise throughout this period.

It was only after 1976, when a period of rising CO2 concentrations coincided with a period of warming surface temperatures, that Arrhenius’ theory of CO2 trapping heat by absorption of infrared radiation was resurrected after 80 years of dormancy.

However, using the Planck distribution and more recent infrared absorption coefficients for water vapor and CO2, it can be shown that increased absorption of infrared radiation due to increasing the CO2 concentration from 300 ppm to 424 ppm would only result in an increase of about 0.18 C in the global average surface temperature since 1896.

The remainder of the measured increase in global average surface temperature is due to either natural forces beyond human control, or the “urban heat island”, where cities were built around formerly-rural temperature measurement stations, which caused local warming of temperatures measured there.

IMAGES

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1851 Words. 8 Pages. Open Document. Thesis Statement: Global warming is a growing concern of scientists and researchers who believe that it is a serious problem for our planet. The concerns and research have also been questioned and have even been called myths. Millions of people find themselves affected by these weather pattern changes and are ...
Theses
Across UBC, faculty and students contribute to research on climate change. See below for recent theses on a few select topics, and search cIRcle, UBC's open access repository, for publications, theses/dissertation, and presentations to find more. RSS feed searching the UBC Theses and Dissertations Collection for: "Global warming" OR "Climate ...
What evidence exists that Earth is warming and that humans are the main
Full story. We know this warming is largely caused by human activities because the key role that carbon dioxide plays in maintaining Earth's natural greenhouse effect has been understood since the mid-1800s. Unless it is offset by some equally large cooling influence, more atmospheric carbon dioxide will lead to warmer surface temperatures.
Global warming
Modern global warming is the result of an increase in magnitude of the so-called greenhouse effect, a warming of Earth's surface and lower atmosphere caused by the presence of water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxides, and other greenhouse gases. In 2014 the IPCC first reported that concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, and ...
Climate Change: Evidence and Causes: Update 2020
C ONCLUSION. This document explains that there are well-understood physical mechanisms by which changes in the amounts of greenhouse gases cause climate changes. It discusses the evidence that the concentrations of these gases in the atmosphere have increased and are still increasing rapidly, that climate change is occurring, and that most of ...
Anthropogenic Global Warming is Political, Not Physical, Science
Even if the theory of global warming is wrong, we will be doing the right thing in terms of economic and environmental policy." - Timothy Wirth, president of the UN Foundation. — "No matter if the science of global warming is all phony. … climate change provides the greatest opportunity to bring about justice and equality in the world."