Reverse Engineering in a Client-Server Environment
Case Studies on Relational Database Design
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- Brian Siu 2 &
- Joseph Fong 3
Relational database management systems (RDBMS) share a high percentage of the database market. Coupled with client application development tools like PowerBuilder, * and data modeling and design tools like ERwin/ERX, rapid application development is made possible. However, due to the ease of use of these client-server tools, there is a tendency for application developers to quick start their application development process without going through a formal process of database design. Through the use of reverse engineering tools, physical database schemas can be converted into their entity-relationship (ER) model. By looking at the ER model we can evaluate whether the relational database design has been completee or not.
This paper first gives an overview of client-server computing, reengineering and reverse engineering, followed by an introduction of a database modeling and design tool which provides forward and reverse engineering capabilities in a client-server database environment. Using this tool, two case studies were carried out. In the first case, an incomplete database design was revealed. In the second case, the ER model showed that database design has been completed. An integrated approach is proposed for database modeling, design and database generation.
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Siu, B., Fong, J. (1996). Reverse Engineering in a Client-Server Environment. In: Cheung, Ty., Fong, J., Siu, B. (eds) Database Reengineering and Interoperability. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1803-7_7
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A comprehensive collection of SQL case studies, queries, and solutions for real-world scenarios. This repository provides a hands-on approach to mastering SQL skills through a series of case studies, including table structures, sample data, and SQL queries.
HOSPITAL PATIENT DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM A Case Study of General Hospital NORTH-BANK Makurdi-Nigeria
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Expanding the Frontier of Economic Statistics Using Big Data: A Case Study of Regional Employment
Expanding the frontier of economic statistics using big data: a case study of regional employment (pdf).
Big data offers potentially enormous benefits for improving economic measurement, but it also presents challenges (e.g., lack of representativeness and instability), implying that their value is not always clear. We propose a framework for quantifying the usefulness of these data sources for specific applications, relative to existing official sources. We specifically weigh the potential benefits of additional granularity and timeliness, while examining the accuracy associated with any new or improved estimates, relative to comparable accuracy produced in existing official statistics. We apply the methodology to employment estimates using data from a payroll processor, considering both the improvement of existing state-level estimates, but also the production of new, more timely, county-level estimates. We find that incorporating payroll data can improve existing state-level estimates by 11\% based on out-of-sample mean absolute error, although the improvement is considerably higher for smaller state-industry cells. We also produce new county-level estimates that could provide more timely granular estimates than previously available. We develop a novel test to determine if these new county-level estimates have errors consistent with official series. Given the level of granularity, we cannot reject the hypothesis that the new county estimates have an accuracy in line with official measures, implying an expansion of the existing frontier. We demonstrate the practical importance of these experimental estimates by investigating a hypothetical application during the COVID-19 pandemic, a period in which more timely and granular information could have assisted in implementing effective policies. Relative to existing estimates, we find that the alternative payroll data series could help identify areas of the country where employment was lagging. Moreover, we also demonstrate the value of a more timely series.
Abe C. Dunn , Eric English , Kyle K. Hood , Lowell Mason , and Brian Quistorff
JEL Code(s) E01 E24 Published August 2024
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Absence of cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis in encephalitis.
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Ralph Habis, Anna Kolchinski, Ashley N Heck, Paris Bean, John C Probasco, Rodrigo Hasbun, Arun Venkatesan, Absence of Cerebrospinal Fluid Pleocytosis in Encephalitis, Clinical Infectious Diseases , 2024;, ciae391, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae391
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Early diagnosis of encephalitis involves identifying signs of neuroinflammation, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis. However, absence of CSF pleocytosis in encephalitis has been described, most notably in autoimmune encephalitis. We examined clinical characteristics and outcomes associated with the absence or presence of CSF white blood cell pleocytosis (≥ 5 cells/µL), to inform timely diagnosis and management of encephalitis.
This retrospective study compares initial CSF profiles in 597 adult patients with all-cause encephalitis.
Of the 597 patients, 446 (74.7%) had CSF pleocytosis while 151 (25.3%) did not. CSF pleocytosis occurred more commonly in infectious cases (200/446, 44.8%), along with 59 (13.2%) autoimmune cases, comprised chiefly of anti-NMDAR encephalitis (37/59, 62.7%). Notably, the group without pleocytosis was comprised of similar proportions of infectious (47/151, 31.1%) and autoimmune (38/151, 25.92%; p>0.05) encephalitis. Among those with infectious encephalitis, 47/247 (19%) had absent pleocytosis, including 18/76 (23.7%) with HSV-1 encephalitis. The absence of pleocytosis was associated with a decreased rate of acyclovir administration (47.7% in patients without pleocytosis vs. 71.1% in patients with pleocytosis, p<0.001). Despite pleocytosis being associated with some measures of clinical severity at admission such as a Full Outline of UnResponsiveness (FOUR) score ≤14, it was not associated with mortality or prolonged hospitalization.
CSF pleocytosis is an important criterion for encephalitis diagnosis, but 25.3% of patients with all-cause encephalitis and 23.7% of those with HSV-1 encephalitis exhibit absence of pleocytosis on initial LP. Acyclovir initiation should not be delayed in the absence of pleocytosis in patients with suspected encephalitis.
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Assessment of coastal carbon storage and analysis of its driving factors: a case study of jiaozhou bay, china.
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Zhang, L.; Guan, Q.; Li, H.; Chen, J.; Meng, T.; Zhou, X. Assessment of Coastal Carbon Storage and Analysis of Its Driving Factors: A Case Study of Jiaozhou Bay, China. Land 2024 , 13 , 1208. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081208
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