Clinical Trial Planning and Design
Clinical Research Guidelines and Regulations
Pharmacovigilance
Clinical Trial Conduct, Compliance and Quality Assurance
Clinical Research Management
Data Analysis and Management in Clinical Research
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Many colleges in India offer this course. A few of them are:
College Name | Location |
---|---|
Indian Institute of Clinical Research (ICRI) | Mumbai |
Asian Institute of Health Sciences | Mumbai |
Apeejay Institute of Health Sciences | Mumbai |
Saveetha University | Gurgaon |
ICBIO Clinical Research | Bangalore |
Recent regulatory changes have a profound impact on the lives of Clinical Research Investigators. According to recent studies, the Clinical Research field, which currently experiences a business growth of approximately 250 crores, is projected to soar to around 5000 crores. This profession offers Investigators the potential for substantial income, akin to that of doctors.
Numerous sectors, including Pharma Industries, Biotech Companies, and Research Labs, have created job opportunities for clinical investigators. Within the realm of Clinical Research, various positions are available, including:
Biostatistician | Combines mathematics, statistics and science to arrive at the best possible solutions to the problems in the public health sector. |
Clinical Research Associate | Collects and preserves the data obtained during various trials and studies conducted to know more about the issues in the public health sector |
Clinical Research Coordinator | Develops, implements and coordinates research and administrative procedures for successfully managing clinical trials. |
The following are the average salary for the clinical research courses:
Job Profile | Average Salary |
---|---|
Biostatistician | Rs 2.50 LPA |
Clinical Research Associate | Rs 3 LPA |
Clinical Research Coordinator | Rs 2 LPA |
What are some career opportunities in clinical research.
A clinical research associate’s role is coordinating, collecting, distributing, and storing data obtained during clinical trials. The execution of this role, however, involves quite a few responsibilities. 1. Develop and write clinical trial protocols 2. Develop forms and templates for data collection 3. Coordinate with the Ethics committee to ensure trials are conducted in an ethical manner 4. Set up trial sites, and ensure trials are conducted as per procedures and regulations 5. Educate patients, doctors and other personnel about the trial 6. Monitor the conduct of trials at various sites and review data for regulatory submissions 7. Prepare reports, presentations and manuscripts for publications
Clinical Research is a field of science working towards developing new and better ways to cure diseases and finding methods to enhance one’s overall quality of life. With the help of clinical trials, researchers have found cures for diseases considered incurable in the past. A career in clinical research allows you to contribute to this noble cause and make a difference in people’s lives. In addition to this, Clinical Research is an industry with a multitude of diverse workplaces. You can work in the field, perform clinical trials, work in a corporate office, or coordinate research. This gives you many options to choose from while opting for a career option. Another factor that makes this an advantageous career option is that it offers handsome salaries to candidates straight from the entry-level.
A person should be of life sciences or medical background; if you are from these domains, try to gain some knowledge about clinical research by attending courses like a diploma or any other relevant courses. If you already have decent clinical research expertise, apply and try to attend walk-ins from CROs. If you clear the interview, then you can start as a fresher.
Clinical Research has high demands in the Pharmaceutical Industry; if you choose Clinical Research, these are the positions you can get: 1. As Principal Investigator 2. As Co-investigator 3. As Medical Advisor 4. As Drug Developer 5. As Regulatory Affairs Manager 6. As Clinical Research 7. Physician Technical Writer
A medical studies coordinator (CRC), now and again referred to as a clinical trial manager, performs an imperative role in medical studies of all kinds. They commonly paint below the course of the foremost investigator (PI), who’s in the price of designing, engaging in, and coping with the medical trial from an excessive level. The CRC’s job is to assist, facilitate, and prepare everyday scientific trial activities. Clinical studies coordinators also work alongside the department, sponsor, and institution to manual them through compliance, finances, and personnel problems. The CRC manages the everyday medical operations sports, overseeing and executing delegated responsibilities to suitable events.
Clinical Research is a Better Career Option and is an attractive industry for researchers in India because it foresees enormous growth and job opportunities not only for trained medical, pharmaceutical, and paramedical professionals but also for project management staff etc
Hello, I'm Harsh Begwani, with a year of expertise in MBBS and Ayush courses. I have detailed knowledge of various colleges' fee structures, cutoffs, and intake procedures. If you're looking for insights or assistance in pursuing MBBS or BAMS courses, feel free to comment below—I'm here to help!
It is a very useful blog and very important information about Clinical Research.
HOW MUCH IS PG Diploma in Clinical Research
Elaborate your query.
Best institutes for clinical research courses.
If you are planning to take Clinical Research training course in USA, here is a college called Sollers which offers Clinical Trial Management Course, Clinical Research Training Program at Edison, NJ
Thanks for your suggestion.
Prorelix Lifesciences Education is the best Award winning institute of India. It is the right place to have the clinical research knowledge. The main emphasis is on the knowledge, and with that they also provide the 100% placement support and also give the training to appear for the interview. It is the best Clinical Research institute in India, best institute for Regulatory Affairs in India with the clinical diploma, it also has the Post graduate program in Hospital and Pharma Product Management.
Thank you very much for sharing this informative blog..I am student of 12th with PCB group and I wish to make my Career in Clinical Research..Your article really helps me alot to find colleges…Can you please give fees structure of the organisation..looking forward for your reply..Thank you once again KEEP WRITING!
Pharmaceutical companies have turned to botanical drugs for alternative medicines to treat diseases with unmet medical needs. Clinical research is growing now and there are various career opportunities in this field. Thanks for sharing this blog.
what os the admission procedure in various colleges for taking admission in clinical research
Can students pursuing degree in B.M.L.T( Bachelor of Medical Lab Technology ) opt for M.Sc. clinical recearch?
Notify me via e-mail if anyone answers my comment.
Admission 2024-25: Vacant Seat Update, College-wise Fees etc.
Undergraduate together with post graduate qualification owners in everyday life sciences , consists of medical, physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology or even local pharmacy are the prospective applicants for basic level rankings in medical research. Those that would like to build up a profitable career in scientific research might go after medical studies, a pharmaceutical scientific studies or even life sciences after which get into a doctoral program in their subject of great interest.
B.Pharm graduates / B.Sc. graduates in everyday life Science with appropriate information in clinical research may go for post graduate training course in scientific research, i.e. M.Sc. Clinical Research or perhaps MBA Clinical Research or M .Pharm Programs . Following that they could choose a Ph.D program or Post Graduate Diploma or Diploma Program in Clinical Research which enables you to join the business.
Normal salaries for clinical research.
The simple eligibility for MBA , M .Pharm and also M.Sc programs in clinical research is B.Sc ( Botany , Zoology , Chemistry , Biochemistry , Biotechnology , Microbiology , Genes , Nursing ) , M .B .B .S / B .D .S / B .A .M .S / B .H .M .S /B.V.Sc . Pharmaceutics as well as pharmacology pupils has got better scope in medical research. A number of institutes in India offer M.Sc. Clinical Research Programs. Sikkim Manipal University, Indian Institute of Clinical Research (ICRI) at Jaipur, Bangalore, Mumbai, New Delhi etc.
Projects in the area of clinical research and also its own regulation have got grown intensely recently, and also employment leads are supposed to boost in the coming future. Development potential customers are anticipated to always rise, mirroring the rise in investigation on and also regulation of medicines and medical gadgets. A Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) report* revealed that wages tend to associate strongly with numbers of education.
In the beginning, college students begin as a Clinical Research Coordinator/ Clinical Research Associate/ Pharma Co vigilance affiliate (PVA)/ Research Associate (RA) and also obtain around Rs 10,000-Rs 20,000/month .
After obtaining a life experience of 2 years, they are listed onto the next amount of being a Senior Clinical Research Associate /PVA/RA generating anything around Rs 25,000 – Rs 40,000/month.
With a life experience of 3 years, they check out the next level i.e. Project Manager/Team leader/Quality Assurance (QA) affiliate. During this period, they obtain around Rs 35,000 to Rs 65,000/month.
The following phase is the fact of an employer – Scientific operation /QA/PVA/RA which needs the time of 5-7 years. Since a supervisor clinical operation, people can make anything between Rs 80,000- Rs 1, 00,000/month
Finally, persons wind up acquiring the place of a Director or Vice-President with a life experience of 7-10 years. On this level, the pay scale rises to Rs 3,00,000/month.
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Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh I Estd. 1998
The Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, is a multi-specialty tertiary care centre, set up to provide medical facilities to all registered gas victims, and also carry out basic clinical and epidemiological research in all disciplines.
Bhubaneshwar, Odisha I Estd. 1981
ICMR-RMRC BB conducts interdisciplinary research on regionally prevailing communicable and non-communicable diseases, provides support in disease surveillance activities in the form of epidemic investigation and diagnosis, evaluation and training.
Delhi I Estd. 1977
ICMR-NIRDHDS (Formerly known as ICMR-NIMS) supports the development, application, and dissemination of statistical sciences in medicine through research, education, publications and advocacy. It also provides technical assistance to institutes across india.
Delhi I Estd. 1980
ICMR-NICHDR (Formerly known as ICMR-NIP) conducts basic and applied research on various aspects of pathology (including histopathology, cytopathology and molecular pathology) to address health problems of national importance.
Dibrugarh, Assam I Estd. 1982
ICMR-RMRC NE conducts interdisciplinary research on prevailing communicable and non-communicable diseases in the North-East and provides support in disease surveillance activities in the form of epidemic investigation and diagnosis, evaluation and training.
Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh I Estd. 2018
ICMR-RMRC GKP is responsible for carrying out basic clinical, as well as operational research on locally prevalent diseases and suggesting intervention methods for reducing disease burden.
Kolkata, West Bengal I Estd. 1962
ICMR-NIRBI (Formerly known as ICMR-NICED) conducts basic and applied research on Cholera and other acute diarrhea diseases as well as on typhoid fever, infective hepatitis and HIV.
Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands I Estd. 1983
ICMR-RMRC PB carries out biomedical research on locally prevalent communicable and noncommunicable diseases with a special emphasis on the health problems of indigenous tribal population of the region.
Pune, Maharashtra I Estd. 1992
ICMR-NITVAR (Formerly known as ICMR-NARI) conducts research on HIV prevention and care, and supports the National AIDS Control Programme, in the areas of surveillance, capacity-building, laboratory services and drug resistance studies.
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BMC Medical Education volume 24 , Article number: 927 ( 2024 ) Cite this article
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The disruption of health and medical education by the COVID-19 pandemic made educators question the effect of online setting on students’ learning, motivation, self-efficacy and preference. In light of the health care staff shortage online scalable education seemed relevant. Reviews on the effect of online medical education called for high quality RCTs, which are increasingly relevant with rapid technological development and widespread adaption of online learning in universities. The objective of this trial is to compare standardized and feasible outcomes of an online and an onsite setting of a research course regarding the efficacy for PhD students within health and medical sciences: Primarily on learning of research methodology and secondly on preference, motivation, self-efficacy on short term and academic achievements on long term. Based on the authors experience with conducting courses during the pandemic, the hypothesis is that student preferred onsite setting is different to online setting.
Cluster randomized trial with two parallel groups. Two PhD research training courses at the University of Copenhagen are randomized to online (Zoom) or onsite (The Parker Institute, Denmark) setting. Enrolled students are invited to participate in the study. Primary outcome is short term learning. Secondary outcomes are short term preference, motivation, self-efficacy, and long-term academic achievements. Standardized, reproducible and feasible outcomes will be measured by tailor made multiple choice questionnaires, evaluation survey, frequently used Intrinsic Motivation Inventory, Single Item Self-Efficacy Question, and Google Scholar publication data. Sample size is calculated to 20 clusters and courses are randomized by a computer random number generator. Statistical analyses will be performed blinded by an external statistical expert.
Primary outcome and secondary significant outcomes will be compared and contrasted with relevant literature. Limitations include geographical setting; bias include lack of blinding and strengths are robust assessment methods in a well-established conceptual framework. Generalizability to PhD education in other disciplines is high. Results of this study will both have implications for students and educators involved in research training courses in health and medical education and for the patients who ultimately benefits from this training.
Retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05736627. SPIRIT guidelines are followed.
Peer Review reports
Medical education was utterly disrupted for two years by the COVID-19 pandemic. In the midst of rearranging courses and adapting to online platforms we, with lecturers and course managers around the globe, wondered what the conversion to online setting did to students’ learning, motivation and self-efficacy [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. What the long-term consequences would be [ 4 ] and if scalable online medical education should play a greater role in the future [ 5 ] seemed relevant and appealing questions in a time when health care professionals are in demand. Our experience of performing research training during the pandemic was that although PhD students were grateful for courses being available, they found it difficult to concentrate related to the long screen hours. We sensed that most students preferred an onsite setting and perceived online courses a temporary and inferior necessity. The question is if this impacted their learning?
Since the common use of the internet in medical education, systematic reviews have sought to answer if there is a difference in learning effect when taught online compared to onsite. Although authors conclude that online learning may be equivalent to onsite in effect, they agree that studies are heterogeneous and small [ 6 , 7 ], with low quality of the evidence [ 8 , 9 ]. They therefore call for more robust and adequately powered high-quality RCTs to confirm their findings and suggest that students’ preferences in online learning should be investigated [ 7 , 8 , 9 ].
This uncovers two knowledge gaps: I) High-quality RCTs on online versus onsite learning in health and medical education and II) Studies on students’ preferences in online learning.
Recently solid RCTs have been performed on the topic of web-based theoretical learning of research methods among health professionals [ 10 , 11 ]. However, these studies are on asynchronous courses among medical or master students with short term outcomes.
This uncovers three additional knowledge gaps: III) Studies on synchronous online learning IV) among PhD students of health and medical education V) with long term measurement of outcomes.
The rapid technological development including artificial intelligence (AI) and widespread adaption as well as application of online learning forced by the pandemic, has made online learning well-established. It represents high resolution live synchronic settings which is available on a variety of platforms with integrated AI and options for interaction with and among students, chat and break out rooms, and exterior digital tools for teachers [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Thus, investigating online learning today may be quite different than before the pandemic. On one hand, it could seem plausible that this technological development would make a difference in favour of online learning which could not be found in previous reviews of the evidence. On the other hand, the personal face-to-face interaction during onsite learning may still be more beneficial for the learning process and combined with our experience of students finding it difficult to concentrate when online during the pandemic we hypothesize that outcomes of the onsite setting are different from the online setting.
To support a robust study, we design it as a cluster randomized trial. Moreover, we use the well-established and widely used Kirkpatrick’s conceptual framework for evaluating learning as a lens to assess our outcomes [ 15 ]. Thus, to fill the above-mentioned knowledge gaps, the objective of this trial is to compare a synchronous online and an in-person onsite setting of a research course regarding the efficacy for PhD students within the health and medical sciences:
Primarily on theoretical learning of research methodology and
Secondly on
◦ Preference, motivation, self-efficacy on short term
◦ Academic achievements on long term
This study protocol covers synchronous online and in-person onsite setting of research courses testing the efficacy for PhD students. It is a two parallel arms cluster randomized trial (Fig. 1 ).
Consort flow diagram
The study measures baseline and post intervention. Baseline variables and knowledge scores are obtained at the first day of the course, post intervention measurement is obtained the last day of the course (short term) and monthly for 24 months (long term).
Randomization is stratified giving 1:1 allocation ratio of the courses. As the number of participants within each course might differ, the allocation ratio of participants in the study will not fully be equal and 1:1 balanced.
The study site is The Parker Institute at Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. From here the courses are organized and run online and onsite. The course programs and time schedules, the learning objective, the course management, the lecturers, and the delivery are identical in the two settings. The teachers use the same introductory presentations followed by training in break out groups, feed-back and discussions. For the online group, the setting is organized as meetings in the online collaboration tool Zoom® [ 16 ] using the basic available technicalities such as screen sharing, chat function for comments, and breakout rooms and other basics digital tools if preferred. The online version of the course is synchronous with live education and interaction. For the onsite group, the setting is the physical classroom at the learning facilities at the Parker Institute. Coffee and tea as well as simple sandwiches and bottles of water, which facilitate sociality, are available at the onsite setting. The participants in the online setting must get their food and drink by themselves, but online sociality is made possible by not closing down the online room during the breaks. The research methodology courses included in the study are “Practical Course in Systematic Review Technique in Clinical Research”, (see course programme in appendix 1) and “Getting started: Writing your first manuscript for publication” [ 17 ] (see course programme in appendix 2). The two courses both have 12 seats and last either three or three and a half days resulting in 2.2 and 2.6 ECTS credits, respectively. They are offered by the PhD School of the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen. Both courses are available and covered by the annual tuition fee for all PhD students enrolled at a Danish university.
Inclusion criteria for participants: All PhD students enrolled on the PhD courses participate after informed consent: “Practical Course in Systematic Review Technique in Clinical Research” and “Getting started: Writing your first manuscript for publication” at the PhD School of the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Exclusion criteria for participants: Declining to participate and withdrawal of informed consent.
The PhD students at the PhD School at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen participate after informed consent, taken by the daily project leader, allowing evaluation data from the course to be used after pseudo-anonymization in the project. They are informed in a welcome letter approximately three weeks prior to the course and again in the introduction the first course day. They register their consent on the first course day (Appendix 3). Declining to participate in the project does not influence their participation in the course.
Online course settings will be compared to onsite course settings. We test if the onsite setting is different to online. Online learning is increasing but onsite learning is still the preferred educational setting in a medical context. In this case onsite learning represents “usual care”. The online course setting is meetings in Zoom using the technicalities available such as chat and breakout rooms. The onsite setting is the learning facilities, at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
The course settings are not expected to harm the participants, but should a request be made to discontinue the course or change setting this will be met, and the participant taken out of the study. Course participants are allowed to take part in relevant concomitant courses or other interventions during the trial.
Course participants are motivated to complete the course irrespectively of the setting because it bears ECTS-points for their PhD education and adds to the mandatory number of ECTS-points. Thus, we expect adherence to be the same in both groups. However, we monitor their presence in the course and allocate time during class for testing the short-term outcomes ( motivation, self-efficacy, preference and learning). We encourage and, if necessary, repeatedly remind them to register with Google Scholar for our testing of the long-term outcome (academic achievement).
Outcomes are related to the Kirkpatrick model for evaluating learning (Fig. 2 ) which divides outcomes into four different levels; Reaction which includes for example motivation, self-efficacy and preferences, Learning which includes knowledge acquisition, Behaviour for practical application of skills when back at the job (not included in our outcomes), and Results for impact for end-users which includes for example academic achievements in the form of scientific articles [ 18 , 19 , 20 ].
The Kirkpatrick model
The primary outcome is short term learning (Kirkpatrick level 2).
Learning is assessed by a Multiple-Choice Questionnaire (MCQ) developed prior to the RCT specifically for this setting (Appendix 4). First the lecturers of the two courses were contacted and asked to provide five multiple choice questions presented as a stem with three answer options; one correct answer and two distractors. The questions should be related to core elements of their teaching under the heading of research training. The questions were set up to test the cognition of the students at the levels of "Knows" or "Knows how" according to Miller's Pyramid of Competence and not their behaviour [ 21 ]. Six of the course lecturers responded and out of this material all the questions which covered curriculum of both courses were selected. It was tested on 10 PhD students and within the lecturer group, revised after an item analysis and English language revised. The MCQ ended up containing 25 questions. The MCQ is filled in at baseline and repeated at the end of the course. The primary outcomes based on the MCQ is estimated as the score of learning calculated as number of correct answers out of 25 after the course. A decrease of points of the MCQ in the intervention groups denotes a deterioration of learning. In the MCQ the minimum score is 0 and 25 is maximum, where 19 indicates passing the course.
Furthermore, as secondary outcome, this outcome measurement will be categorized as binary outcome to determine passed/failed of the course defined by 75% (19/25) correct answers.
The learning score will be computed on group and individual level and compared regarding continued outcomes by the Mann–Whitney test comparing the learning score of the online and onsite groups. Regarding the binomial outcome of learning (passed/failed) data will be analysed by the Fisher’s exact test on an intention-to-treat basis between the online and onsite. The results will be presented as median and range and as mean and standard deviations, for possible future use in meta-analyses.
Motivation assessment post course: Motivation level is measured by the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) Scale [ 22 ] (Appendix 5). The IMI items were randomized by random.org on the 4th of August 2022. It contains 12 items to be assessed by the students on a 7-point Likert scale where 1 is “Not at all true”, 4 is “Somewhat true” and 7 is “Very true”. The motivation score will be computed on group and individual level and will then be tested by the Mann–Whitney of the online and onsite group.
Self-efficacy assessment post course: Self-efficacy level is measured by a single-item measure developed and validated by Williams and Smith [ 23 ] (Appendix 6). It is assessed by the students on a scale from 1–10 where 1 is “Strongly disagree” and 10 is “Strongly agree”. The self-efficacy score will be computed on group and individual level and tested by a Mann–Whitney test to compare the self-efficacy score of the online and onsite group.
Preference assessment post course: Preference is measured as part of the general course satisfaction evaluation with the question “If you had the option to choose, which form would you prefer this course to have?” with the options “onsite form” and “online form”.
Academic achievement assessment is based on 24 monthly measurements post course of number of publications, number of citations, h-index, i10-index. This data is collected through the Google Scholar Profiles [ 24 ] of the students as this database covers most scientific journals. Associations between onsite/online and long-term academic will be examined with Kaplan Meyer and log rank test with a significance level of 0.05.
Enrolment for the course at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, becomes available when it is published in the course catalogue. In the course description the course location is “To be announced”. Approximately 3–4 weeks before the course begins, the participant list is finalized, and students receive a welcome letter containing course details, including their allocation to either the online or onsite setting. On the first day of the course, oral information is provided, and participants provide informed consent, baseline variables, and base line knowledge scores.
The last day of scheduled activities the following scores are collected, knowledge, motivation, self-efficacy, setting preference, and academic achievement. To track students' long term academic achievements, follow-ups are conducted monthly for a period of 24 months, with assessments occurring within one week of the last course day (Table 1 ).
The power calculation is based on the main outcome, theoretical learning on short term. For the sample size determination, we considered 12 available seats for participants in each course. To achieve statistical power, we aimed for 8 clusters in both online and onsite arms (in total 16 clusters) to detect an increase in learning outcome of 20% (learning outcome increase of 5 points). We considered an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.02, a standard deviation of 10, a power of 80%, and a two-sided alpha level of 5%. The Allocation Ratio was set at 1, implying an equal number of subjects in both online and onsite group.
Considering a dropout up to 2 students per course, equivalent to 17%, we determined that a total of 112 participants would be needed. This calculation factored in 10 clusters of 12 participants per study arm, which we deemed sufficient to assess any changes in learning outcome.
The sample size was estimated using the function n4means from the R package CRTSize [ 25 ].
Participants are PhD students enrolled in 10 courses of “Practical Course in Systematic Review Technique in Clinical Research” and 10 courses of “Getting started: Writing your first manuscript for publication” at the PhD School of the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Randomization will be performed on course-level. The courses are randomized by a computer random number generator [ 26 ]. To get a balanced randomization per year, 2 sets with 2 unique random integers in each, taken from the 1–4 range is requested.
The setting is not included in the course catalogue of the PhD School and thus allocation to online or onsite is concealed until 3–4 weeks before course commencement when a welcome letter with course information including allocation to online or onsite setting is distributed to the students. The lecturers are also informed of the course setting at this time point. If students withdraw from the course after being informed of the setting, a letter is sent to them enquiring of the reason for withdrawal and reason is recorded (Appendix 7).
The allocation sequence is generated by a computer random number generator (random.org). The participants and the lecturers sign up for the course without knowing the course setting (online or onsite) until 3–4 weeks before the course.
Due to the nature of the study, it is not possible to blind trial participants or lecturers. The outcomes are reported by the participants directly in an online form, thus being blinded for the outcome assessor, but not for the individual participant. The data collection for the long-term follow-up regarding academic achievements is conducted without blinding. However, the external researcher analysing the data will be blinded.
Data will be collected by the project leader (Table 1 ). Baseline variables and post course knowledge, motivation, and self-efficacy are self-reported through questionnaires in SurveyXact® [ 27 ]. Academic achievements are collected through Google Scholar profiles of the participants.
Given that we are using participant assessments and evaluations for research purposes, all data collection – except for monthly follow-up of academic achievements after the course – takes place either in the immediate beginning or ending of the course and therefore we expect participant retention to be high.
Data will be downloaded from SurveyXact and stored in a locked and logged drive on a computer belonging to the Capital Region of Denmark. Only the project leader has access to the data.
This project conduct is following the Danish Data Protection Agency guidelines of the European GDPR throughout the trial. Following the end of the trial, data will be stored at the Danish National Data Archive which fulfil Danish and European guidelines for data protection and management.
Data is anonymized and blinded before the analyses. Analyses are performed by a researcher not otherwise involved in the inclusion or randomization, data collection or handling. All statistical tests will be testing the null hypotheses assuming the two arms of the trial being equal based on corresponding estimates. Analysis of primary outcome on short-term learning will be started once all data has been collected for all individuals in the last included course. Analyses of long-term academic achievement will be started at end of follow-up.
Baseline characteristics including both course- and individual level information will be presented. Table 2 presents the available data on baseline.
We will use multivariate analysis for identification of the most important predictors (motivation, self-efficacy, sex, educational background, and knowledge) for best effect on short and long term. The results will be presented as risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). The results will be considered significant if CI does not include the value one.
All data processing and analyses were conducted using R statistical software version 4.1.0, 2021–05-18 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria).
If possible, all analysis will be performed for “Practical Course in Systematic Review Technique in Clinical Research” and for “Getting started: Writing your first manuscript for publication” separately.
Primary analyses will be handled with the intention-to-treat approach. The analyses will include all individuals with valid data regardless of they did attend the complete course. Missing data will be handled with multiple imputation [ 28 ] .
Upon reasonable request, public assess will be granted to protocol, datasets analysed during the current study, and statistical code Table 3 .
This project is coordinated in collaboration between the WHO CC (DEN-62) at the Parker Institute, CAMES, and the PhD School at the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen. The project leader runs the day-to-day support of the trial. The steering committee of the trial includes principal investigators from WHO CC (DEN-62) and CAMES and the project leader and meets approximately three times a year.
Data monitoring is done on a daily basis by the project leader and controlled by an external independent researcher.
An adverse event is “a harmful and negative outcome that happens when a patient has been provided with medical care” [ 29 ]. Since this trial does not involve patients in medical care, we do not expect adverse events. If participants decline taking part in the course after receiving the information of the course setting, information on reason for declining is sought obtained. If the reason is the setting this can be considered an unintended effect. Information of unintended effects of the online setting (the intervention) will be recorded. Participants are encouraged to contact the project leader with any response to the course in general both during and after the course.
The trial description has been sent to the Scientific Ethical Committee of the Capital Region of Denmark (VEK) (21041907), which assessed it as not necessary to notify and that it could proceed without permission from VEK according to the Danish law and regulation of scientific research. The trial is registered with the Danish Data Protection Agency (Privacy) (P-2022–158). Important protocol modification will be communicated to relevant parties as well as VEK, the Joint Regional Information Security and Clinicaltrials.gov within an as short timeframe as possible.
The results (positive, negative, or inconclusive) will be disseminated in educational, scientific, and clinical fora, in international scientific peer-reviewed journals, and clinicaltrials.gov will be updated upon completion of the trial. After scientific publication, the results will be disseminated to the public by the press, social media including the website of the hospital and other organizations – as well as internationally via WHO CC (DEN-62) at the Parker Institute and WHO Europe.
All authors will fulfil the ICMJE recommendations for authorship, and RR will be first author of the articles as a part of her PhD dissertation. Contributors who do not fulfil these recommendations will be offered acknowledgement in the article.
This cluster randomized trial investigates if an onsite setting of a research course for PhD students within the health and medical sciences is different from an online setting. The outcomes measured are learning of research methodology (primary), preference, motivation, and self-efficacy (secondary) on short term and academic achievements (secondary) on long term.
The results of this study will be discussed as follows:
Discussion of primary outcome
Primary outcome will be compared and contrasted with similar studies including recent RCTs and mixed-method studies on online and onsite research methodology courses within health and medical education [ 10 , 11 , 30 ] and for inspiration outside the field [ 31 , 32 ]: Tokalic finds similar outcomes for online and onsite, Martinic finds that the web-based educational intervention improves knowledge, Cheung concludes that the evidence is insufficient to say that the two modes have different learning outcomes, Kofoed finds online setting to have negative impact on learning and Rahimi-Ardabili presents positive self-reported student knowledge. These conflicting results will be discussed in the context of the result on the learning outcome of this study. The literature may change if more relevant studies are published.
Discussion of secondary outcomes
Secondary significant outcomes are compared and contrasted with similar studies.
It is a limitation to this study, that an onsite curriculum for a full day is delivered identically online, as this may favour the onsite course due to screen fatigue [ 33 ]. At the same time, it is also a strength that the time schedules are similar in both settings. The offer of coffee, tea, water, and a plain sandwich in the onsite course may better facilitate the possibility for socializing. Another limitation is that the study is performed in Denmark within a specific educational culture, with institutional policies and resources which might affect the outcome and limit generalization to other geographical settings. However, international students are welcome in the class.
In educational interventions it is generally difficult to blind participants and this inherent limitation also applies to this trial [ 11 ]. Thus, the participants are not blinded to their assigned intervention, and neither are the lecturers in the courses. However, the external statistical expert will be blinded when doing the analyses.
We chose to compare in-person onsite setting with a synchronous online setting. Therefore, the online setting cannot be expected to generalize to asynchronous online setting. Asynchronous delivery has in some cases showed positive results and it might be because students could go back and forth through the modules in the interface without time limit [ 11 ].
We will report on all the outcomes defined prior to conducting the study to avoid selective reporting bias.
It is a strength of the study that it seeks to report outcomes within the 1, 2 and 4 levels of the Kirkpatrick conceptual framework, and not solely on level 1. It is also a strength that the study is cluster randomized which will reduce “infections” between the two settings and has an adequate power calculated sample size and looks for a relevant educational difference of 20% between the online and onsite setting.
The results of this study may have implications for the students for which educational setting they choose. Learning and preference results has implications for lecturers, course managers and curriculum developers which setting they should plan for the health and medical education. It may also be of inspiration for teaching and training in other disciplines. From a societal perspective it also has implications because we will know the effect and preferences of online learning in case of a future lock down.
Future research could investigate academic achievements in online and onsite research training on the long run (Kirkpatrick 4); the effect of blended learning versus online or onsite (Kirkpatrick 2); lecturers’ preferences for online and onsite setting within health and medical education (Kirkpatrick 1) and resource use in synchronous and asynchronous online learning (Kirkpatrick 5).
This trial collected pilot data from August to September 2021 and opened for inclusion in January 2022. Completion of recruitment is expected in April 2024 and long-term follow-up in April 2026. Protocol version number 1 03.06.2022 with amendments 30.11.2023.
The project leader will have access to the final trial dataset which will be available upon reasonable request. Exception to this is the qualitative raw data that might contain information leading to personal identification.
Artificial Intelligence
Copenhagen academy for medical education and simulation
Confidence interval
Coronavirus disease
European credit transfer and accumulation system
International committee of medical journal editors
Intrinsic motivation inventory
Multiple choice questionnaire
Doctor of medicine
Masters of sciences
Randomized controlled trial
Scientific ethical committee of the Capital Region of Denmark
WHO Collaborating centre for evidence-based clinical health promotion
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We thank the students who make their evaluations available for this trial and MSc (Public Health) Mie Sylow Liljendahl for statistical support.
Open access funding provided by Copenhagen University The Parker Institute, which hosts the WHO CC (DEN-62), receives a core grant from the Oak Foundation (OCAY-18–774-OFIL). The Oak Foundation had no role in the design of the study or in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data or in writing the manuscript.
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Rie Raffing & Hanne Tønnesen
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RR, LK and HT have made substantial contributions to the conception and design of the work; RR to the acquisition of data, and RR, LK and HT to the interpretation of data; RR has drafted the work and RR, LK, and HT have substantively revised it AND approved the submitted version AND agreed to be personally accountable for their own contributions as well as ensuring that any questions which relates to the accuracy or integrity of the work are adequately investigated, resolved and documented.
Correspondence to Rie Raffing .
Ethics approval and consent to participate.
The Danish National Committee on Health Research Ethics has assessed the study Journal-nr.:21041907 (Date: 21–09-2021) without objections or comments. The study has been approved by The Danish Data Protection Agency Journal-nr.: P-2022–158 (Date: 04.05.2022).
All PhD students participate after informed consent. They can withdraw from the study at any time without explanations or consequences for their education. They will be offered information of the results at study completion. There are no risks for the course participants as the measurements in the course follow routine procedure and they are not affected by the follow up in Google Scholar. However, the 15 min of filling in the forms may be considered inconvenient.
The project will follow the GDPR and the Joint Regional Information Security Policy. Names and ID numbers are stored on a secure and logged server at the Capital Region Denmark to avoid risk of data leak. All outcomes are part of the routine evaluation at the courses, except the follow up for academic achievement by publications and related indexes. However, the publications are publicly available per se.
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Raffing, R., Konge, L. & Tønnesen, H. Learning effect of online versus onsite education in health and medical scholarship – protocol for a cluster randomized trial. BMC Med Educ 24 , 927 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-05915-z
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Medical courses include MBBS, BDS, MD, BAMS, MCh, etc. Medical courses are one of the top professional choices after class 12th colleges in India. Medical courses are available in a variety of specializations, such as medical, biomedical, or paramedical sciences, pharmacy, nursing, allied health, health, and so on.
Students who have studied PCB (Physics, Chemistry, Biology) in class 12 and have secured a minimum 50% aggregate score are eligible for Medical Courses After 12th . NEET is one of the prime entrance exams for MBBS Admission and admission to other medical courses.
AIIMS, KGMU Lucknow, CMC Vellore, and JNU are among the Top Medical Colleges in India . Students can also explore medical courses and certifications online, apart from degree courses. Udemy, Coursera, edX, and Simplilearn offer medical courses and degrees online in collaboration with foreign Universities.
Doctor, Surgeon, and General Physician is the most popular profession after pursuing medical courses after the 12th. Doctors can expect to earn INR 50,000 - INR 1,00,000 annually as freshers. The other job opportunities include Ayurvedic doctors, Dentists, Medical researchers, Medical officers, etc.
Read More:
1.1 Admission Process
1.2 Top Colleges
2.1 Top PG Diploma Medical Courses
2.2 Admission Process
3.1 Admission Process
3.2 Top Colleges
4.1 Admission Process
5.1 Admission Process
8.1 Best Medical Course Online
The medical certificate courses are offered both online and offline. Online certificate courses are more popular and get updated regularly with the trend. The duration of the medical courses varies from a few hours to a few months.
Completing more certificate courses helps you to get more salary packages and increase your value. The following table gives the best certificate courses available on different platforms.
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Optometry | B.Sc in Optometry 4 years | 10+2 with PCB |
Medical Laboratory Technology | B.Sc in MLT, BMLT, DMLT, BVSc, BSc (Plant Science) 4 years | 10+2 with a science background |
Dialysis Therapy Technology | B.Sc DTT 4 years | 10+2 with science or equivalent examination with science subject |
Health Information Management | B.Sc Health Information Management 3 years + 1-year clinical training/ internship | 10+2 or equivalent examination with PCB/PCMB from a recognized university or board |
Audiology & Speech Language Pathology | B.Sc Audiology, Bachelor of Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology (BASLP) 4 years | 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, and Biology/Mathematics/Computer Science/Statistics/Electronics/Psychology |
Medical Radiology and Imaging Technology | B.Sc Medical Imaging Technology, BSc Radiography, B.Sc MRIT 4 years | 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics/Biology, and English |
Operation Theatre Technology | B.Sc OTT | 10+2 in Physics, Chemistry, Biology/Mathematics |
Physiotherapy | BPT 4 years | 10+2 from a science background |
Radiotherapy Technology | B.Sc RTT 4 years | 10+2 with core science subjects |
Nutrition & Dietetics | B.Sc Nutrition & Dietetics, BSc Home Science 3 years | 10+2 with a science background |
Given below are some of the best Medical Courses Certificates for interested candidates:
Certificate Name | Provider | Fees |
---|---|---|
Anatomy | Coursera | Free |
Introduction to the Biology of Cancer | Coursera | Free |
Introduction to Psychology | Coursera | Free |
Anatomy: Know your Abdomen | Future Learn | Free |
Causes of Human Disease: Nutrition and Environment | Future Learn | Free |
Causes of Human Disease: Transmitting and Fighting Infection | Future Learn | Free |
How to read chest X-Ray | Udemy | INR 700 |
Emergency Medicine | Udemy | INR 700 |
Cardiac Anatomy & Physiology | Udemy | INR 700 |
Given below are some of the best offline Medical Courses Certificates for interested candidates:
Course Name | Colleges Offering | Average Fees |
---|---|---|
Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Singhania University, JS University, Starex University, Apex Professional University, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute | INR 15,000 – INR 50,000 | |
Centurion University of Technology and Management | - | |
Academy Allied Health Science, Thiruvalluvar University, Banaras Hindu University, Rabindranath Tagore University, University of Madras | INR 2,000 - INR 75,000 | |
Certificate in Radio Imaging Technology | Starex University | INR 60,000 |
IGNOU | INR 30,000 |
Some of the colleges from where you can take up online medical certificate courses are:
NIRF Ranking | College/ University Name | Average Fees |
---|---|---|
3 | INR 85,400 | |
6 | INR 39,850 | |
15 | INR 23,856 | |
20 | INR 12,487 |
28 diploma medical courses could be pursued after the completion of class 10 or 12 depending upon the eligibility criteria of the course. PG Diploma in medical courses is pursued after the completion of the Diploma or Graduation. Admission will be based on merit and the marks obtained in the previous qualifying examination. No state-level or national-level entrance examination will be conducted for Diploma or PG Diploma admission.
Check Out: Top Medical Colleges in India 2023
Some of the popular diploma courses pursued in the Medical field are given in the below tabulation.
Diploma Course | College offering | Average fees |
---|---|---|
NIMS University, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Madras Medical College, Government Medical College Kerala | INR 20,000 – INR 1,00,000 | |
NIMS University, Aligarh Muslim University, YBN University, Noida International University | INR 10,000 – INR 1,00,000 | |
Christian Medical College, Madras Medical College, NIMS University, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Government Medical College Kerala | INR 5,000 – INR 1,00,000 | |
Christian Medical College, Madras Medical College, NIMS University, University of Madras, Singhania University, PSG Institute of Medical Science and Research | INR 20,000 – INR 1,00,000 |
PG Diploma in medical courses is pursued after the completion of Graduation or Diploma courses in the relevant stream. Some of the PG Diploma courses offered in India are given in the following tabulation.
PG Diploma name | College Name | Average fees |
---|---|---|
INR 20,000 | ||
INR 13,700 | ||
PGD in Health Promotion and Education | INR 7,000 |
The following tabulation gives the top Colleges offering Diploma and PG Diploma courses in the Medical field.
NIRF Medical Ranking | College/ University Name | Average Fees |
---|---|---|
3 | CMC, Vellore | INR 37,996 |
6 | BHU, Varanasi | INR 20,000 |
15 | AMU, Aligarh | INR 47,570 |
17 | Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi | - |
27 | PSG Institute of Medical Science & Research, Coimbatore | - |
Many industries are highly evolving in recent times in India and Medicine is one of them. The Medical field produces a huge number of choices for students to pursue. Students who look forward to earning a full-time degree should choose Bachelor's Medical courses. Bachelor's courses are preferred by students who opt for a long-term career and dedicate full time.
In the tabulation given below, some of the top undergraduate Medical courses are mentioned.
Course Name | Top Colleges | Average Fees |
---|---|---|
Chandigarh University, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, NIMS University, Christian Medical College, Government Medical College Kerala, Hamdard Institute of Medical Science and Research | INR 20,000 – INR 4,50,000 | |
Christian Medical College, Chandigarh University, Madras Medical College, NIMS University, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, SRM Institute of Technology | INR 20,000 – INR 3,00,000 | |
Christian Medical College, NIMS University, Madras Medical College, King George’s Medical University, Osmania Medical College, Bangalore Medical College, and Research Institute | INR 50,000 – INR 8,00,000 | |
NIMS University, Manipal College of Dental Science, SRM Dental College, Kannur Dental College, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences | INR 50,000 – INR 8,00,000 |
Admission to Bachelor Medical course is done through both state-level and national-level entrance basis
The table below gives some of the top colleges for Bachelor's Medical Courses.
College/ University Name | Average Fees |
---|---|
AIIMS, New Delhi | INR 1,628 |
CMC, Vellore | INR 48,330 |
BHU, Varanasi | INR 16,000 |
KMC, Mangalore | INR 14,40,000 |
AMU, Aligarh | INR 5,37,000 |
Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi | INR 15,450 |
PSG Institute of Medical Science & Research, Coimbatore | INR 4,00,000 |
SRM IST, Chennai | INR 5,10,000 |
Master Medical courses are pursued by students who look for more specializations after their bachelor’s degree.
The table below shows some of the most sought-after colleges for studying Masters's Medical courses:
Course Name | Top College | Average Fees |
---|---|---|
MD Thoracic Medicine | Institute of Medical Sciences, SMS Medical College, NIMS University, Christian Medical College, Kasturba Medical College, and Madras Medical College. | INR 3,800 – INR 4,95,000 |
NIMS University, Ranchi University, Maulana Azad Medical College, Madras Medical College, All India Institute of Medical Science, Christian Medical College, Kasturba Medical College | INR 5,000 – INR 8,00,000 | |
MD Infectious Diseases | Stanley Medical College, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, NIMS University, SRM Institute of Technology, SMS Medical College, Government Medical College Kerala, Aligarh Muslim University | INR 40,000 – INR 4 lakhs |
Christian Medical College, NIMS University, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Armed Forces Medical College, University of Madras | INR 10,000 – INR 1,00,000 |
Check MSc Anatomy Jobs
Admission to the Master Medical course is done on both merit and entrance basis depending upon the college.
The table below shows some of the most sought-after colleges for studying Master's Medical courses:
College/ University Name | Average Annual Fees |
---|---|
INR 2,027 | |
CMC, Vellore | INR 1,70,000 |
BHU, Varanasi | INR 6,720 |
KMC, Mangalore | INR 2,43,000 |
AMU, Aligarh | INR 8,980 |
INR 5,885 |
The Doctorate in Medical course is pursued by students who wish to enter the research field. The minimum duration of the doctorate course is 2 years and it could be extended as per the demands of the research. Candidates who have completed doctorate courses have the option to become teachers or lecturers in colleges.
The following tabulation gives the major subjects one can opt for a doctorate Medical course.
Course Name | Top Colleges | Average Annual Fees |
---|---|---|
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, NIMS University, Ranchi University, Jamia Hamdard University, Delhi University, Banaras Hindu University, Singhania University | INR 10,000 – INR 2,50,000 |
Check: Top Ph.D. Medicine Colleges in India
Admission in the Doctorate Medical course is done on both merit and entrance basis depending upon the college.
The following table gives the best colleges in India to pursue Medical courses at the doctorate level
College/ University Name | Average Annual Fees |
---|---|
AIIMS, New Delhi | INR 2,045 |
CMC, Vellore | - |
BHU, Varanasi | INR 8,368 |
GKMC, Chennai | INR 1,10,000 |
AMU, Aligarh | - |
JMI, New Delhi | INR 1,52,000 |
SRM IST, Chennai | INR 16,000 |
Most of the top medical courses can be pursued by candidates only if they can crack the NEET entrance examination. However, few medical courses can be pursued by candidates who have not appeared for the NEET examination.
In the given section we will discuss the medical courses that can be undertaken with NEET.
Bachelor in Physiotherapy or BPT course can be pursued by candidates who have completed their 12th examination in the science stream. The course mainly deals with providing fundamental knowledge about physical therapies to help the candidates, so that they can help patients recover from injuries. The BPT admissions are done through entrance examinations such as BCECE, VEE, IEMJEE, LPUNEST, etc.
The top BPT colleges are Christian Medical College, Vellore, NIMS University, Jaipur, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, etc.
Bachelor of Veterinary Science or BVSc is another medical course that can be pursued without the NEET Exam. The course allows the candidates to treat and perform surgical procedures on animals. The duration of the course is for 5- 5.5 years with a 1-year internship. The BVSc admission can be done through various state entrance examinations such as AAU VET, UP Veterinary Entrance Exam, RPVT, BHU UET, etc.
The Top BVSc Colleges are Govind Ballabh University of Agriculture and Technology , Anand Agricultural University (College of Veterinary Science and animal husbandry), Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University , etc
Medicine has the most scope these days and candidates have a lot of job opportunities after completing courses in Medicine. The following section gives various career options available for candidates who completed Medical courses. Some of the most popular jobs are that of medical representative, pharmacist, general surgeon, etc.
Also Check: MBBS Jobs and Career Options
Job Profile | Job Description | Salary |
---|---|---|
Pharmacist | Pharmacists' jobs include ensuring the supply of medicines is within the law and ensuring that the medicines prescribed to patients are suitable. They should advise patients about medicines, including guiding them on how to take medicines and what reactions might occur. | INR 2,85,000 |
Physical Therapist | Physical Therapists should consult with patients to learn about their physical condition and symptoms. Diagnose movement dysfunction and develop treatment plans and teach patients how to use therapeutic exercise techniques | INR 2,50,000 |
Dermatologist | A dermatologist is a doctor who specializes in skin, hair, and nail conditions. Identifying and treating any infection or skin problems. | INR 10,00,000 |
General Surgeon | General Surgeons use surgical procedures to remove disease, repair injuries, and promote health and healing. They also perform diagnostic tests and guide the need for surgery. | INR 11,60,000 |
Clinical Forensic Medical Examiner | They have a critical role in death investigation, examining the body of the deceased to define the cause of death, and factors contributing to death and assist with the reconstruction of the circumstances in which the death occurred. | INR 17,00,000 |
Hospital Administration | Professionals involved in hospital administration are responsible for the day-to-day operation of a hospital, clinic, managed care organization, or public health agency. The main job of the hospital administration is to coordinate the activities of all the departments and ensure their function. | INR 4,85,000 |
Medicine is a technical stream and it requires candidates to have good knowledge and great patience. The following section gives some of the important skills required for a candidate to pursue medicine as a career.
Professional communication | General research skills |
Numeracy | General IT skills |
Problem identification and solving | Ability to approach |
The table below gives some points to compare the online medical courses offered by the most popular agencies, Udemy and Coursera. In this case, we are comparing the Anatomy course offered by them.
Parameters | Udemy | Coursera |
---|---|---|
Fees | INR 700 | Free |
Student Rating | 4.4 | 4.8 |
Enrolment | 2,972 | 26,353 |
Duration | 5 hours | 5 months |
Created by | Udemy | University of Michigan |
Ques. What average salary is offered to students after completing Medical courses?
Ans. The salary earned will be completely based on the level of the course learned. The average salary provided in India varies from INR 4,00,000 to 20,00,000 per annum.
Ques. Do Medicine Courses have scope in the future?
Ans. Medicine is one of the growing industries which has the most scope in the future. Hence it provides a huge range of job opportunities to the students in both government and private sectors.
Ques. Does it cost too much to pursue a Medicine course in India?
Ans. It depends on the Institute. Certain institutes charge high and few institutes charge affordable. Usually, the fee for the Medicine course varies between INR 50,000 and 5,00,000.
Ques. Which is the best career after completing a Medical Course?
Ans. There is a wide range of options when it comes to a career after completing a Medical course. Some of the top job choices are medical researcher, general surgeon, physiotherapist, anesthesiologist, medical officer, medical laboratory technician, nurse educator
Ques. What subjects are taught in the Medical course?
Ans. The syllabus for the course changes for each college. But certain subjects are general for the Medical course which includes Anatomy, Anesthesiology, Biochemistry, Physiology, Dermatology, Microbiology, Pathology, Surgery, Nutrition and Dietetics, and Psychology.
Ques. What are the best courses in the Medical field?
Ans. Some of the most popular medical courses that candidates could pursue to have a good career in medicine include MBBS, BDS, Pharmacy, Allied Health Science & Paramedical, and Ayurveda & Homeopathy.
Ques. What is the best course in medicine that a student can pursue without giving NEET?
Ans. Without appearing in NEET Exam there are certain medical courses that candidates could pursue such as B Pharm , BSc in Clinical Research, Anatomy, Medical Microbiology, Physiology, Psychology, and Audiology.
Ques. What is the highest-paid medical job?
Ans. Candidates who pursued medicine in any specialty are paid higher than candidates with a general medicine degree. Family doctors and pediatricians are the highest-paid general practitioners. And Anaesthesiologists are paid more than any other type of doctor.
Ques. What type of doctor is difficult to become?
Ans. There are certain kinds of jobs in the medical sector which need more effort and are hard to become such as Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Dermatology, Neurosurgery, Ophthalmology, and Plastic Surgery.
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August 29, 2024
This article has been reviewed according to Science X's editorial process and policies . Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility:
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by University of Southern California
Geriatrics experts have long known that collaboration is key to delivering quality, patient-centered care to older adults.
That's why USC's Interprofessional Education and Collaboration for Geriatrics (IECG) trains up to 150 students annually from seven health professions to teach the importance of teamwork in meeting the complex needs of the elderly.
Now, a study published in the Journal of Interprofessional Care highlights the long-term impact of IECG on USC health sciences graduates.
Researchers surveyed graduates one to three years after completing IECG to assess how the program influenced their practice. The findings were significant: 81% of the graduates worked on interprofessional teams, 80% reported that IECG had a major impact on their practice, and all confirmed they regularly used the assessment tools learned in the program.
"We've really seen over the last decade that this program consistently improves health profession graduate students' interprofessional knowledge and attitudes and also helps them prepare them for collaborative practice ," said Dawn Joosten-Hagye, first author on the study and professor of social work at the USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work.
"This is one of the first studies to actually look at how students sustain their interprofessional education training."
The program was initiated 14 years ago by study co-author Jo Marie Reilly, a professor of clinical family medicine at the Keck School of Medicine of USC, who saw the need for an innovative training model focused on the complex health care needs of older adults.
The collaborative effort has since included students from dentistry, medicine, occupational therapy , pharmacy, physical therapy , gerontology, psychology, and social work.
Looking forward, the study's authors believe the IECG model could be adapted to address the needs of other populations with complex health care needs, such as people with disabilities, cancer patients, and children.
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This Clinical Research Training Programme (CRTP) aims to develop Physician Scientists as a way forward for improving clinical and public health research ecosystems in India. The programme would fund 3 to 4 year mentored research training fellowships for medical graduates (MBBS) and post-graduates (MD/MS/equivalent) to: 1. Integrate basic and ...
Clinical Research Course Fees. The course fees for Clinical research courses range between INR 5,000 - 5,00,000. The fees for a course vary depending on the type of course, level, of course, institutions offering them, and the mode of education. While online courses may charge less, offline courses cost higher.
Top 71 Clinical Research(Medical)Colleges in India by Fees, Ranking, Admission and Placement.
3. 1st NICPR-ECHO Online Course on Clinical Laboratory Management by ICMR-NICPR, Noida. Wednesday, July 3, 2024. Wednesday, August 28, 2024. View Documents. 4. Online certification course on Health Research Fundamentals at ICMR-NIE, Chennai. View.
CLINI INDIA-Clinical Research Institute CLINI INDIA is India's Premire Clinical Research Institute dedicated to nurturing the next generation of clinical research professionals and advancing the standards of research in the healthcare industry.
About the course In order to improve the research skills of Indian medical postgraduates (PG) and teachers in medical institutions, the National Medical Commission (NMC, erstwhile Medical Council of India) has mandated a uniform research methodology course. This online course, "Basic Course in Biomedical Research", will be offered by ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR-NIE), Chennai.
NIeCer 101: Health Research Fundamentals ICMR - National Institute of Epidemiology is offering online programmes on conduct of human bio-medical research. The programme will be offered as N IE- I CMR e - Cer tificate - NIeCer - Courses. The first in this series, NIeCer 101:Health Research Fundamentals, is a basic level course in health research methods. It will explain the fundamental ...
The total course fee of MSc Clinical Research can cost upto Rs 5 Lakhs based on the standard of the colleges and universities. After completing MSc Clinical Research, the students can avail of various jobs like Biostatistician, Clinical Research Associate, and Clinical Research Professor, etc. Check the list of Top MSc Colleges in India.
Clinical Research is the study of healthcare science that deals with research carried out on humans to improve treatments, and medications, devise new methods of diagnosis, and increase knowledge of various diseases and disorders. Candidates looking to take up Clinical Research will have to meet certain eligibility criteria set by colleges across India.
Looking for best Clinical Research Institute in India? ICRI India offers top clinical research courses. Visit Us Online for More about Clinical Research Programs & Fees.
These courses are delivered in both offline and online modes. Some of the top colleges in India offering clinical research courses are ICRI Dehradun, Saveetha University, Asian Institute of Health Sciences, ICBio Clinical Research, etc. On average, the course fee ranges from INR 10,000 (certification) to INR 5 lakhs.
The Indian Council of Medical Research is a government organization that provides information on medical research in India.
In order to improve the research skills of Indian medical postgraduate (PG) students and teachers in medical institutions, the National Medical Commission (NMC, erstwhile Medical Council of India) has mandated a uniform research methodology course. This online course, "Basic Course in Biomedical Research", is offered by ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR-NIE), Chennai ( www.nie ...
his program is oriented towards candidates interested in joining the clinical research industry, in Clinical Trials, Clinical Data Management, Pharmacovigilance or Medical Writing domain.Methodology:The course will be taught via lectures, discussions, group assignments, case studies, workshops and site visits conducted by prominent industry professionals.FacultyFaculty at CLINI INDIA includes ...
Clinical Research Course from India's Leading Training Institute Learn Clinical Research Course Online with Regular (Weekdays) and Part-time (Weekend) Career-oriented clinical research training with Live Lectures and LMS Access. Learn Clinical Research, Clinical Data Management (CDM), Pharmacovigilance (PV), and Medical Writing.
Top 76 Clinical Research (Medical)Colleges In India by Fees, Ranking, Admission and Placement.
Explore various aspects of Clinical research before choosing it as a career. Read depth info on Career in Clinical Research Courses in India, colleges and much more.
Basic Course in Biomedical Research (BCBR) Basic Course in Biomedical Research (BCBR) for Postgraduate Medical Students and Medical Teachers. Details of the Basic Course in Biomedical Research (BCBR) for Postgraduate Medical Students and Medical Teachers. Click here to enroll in BCBR. About NMC.
Want to do Clinical Research Courses in India? Find the list of top and best UG, PG Clinical Research Courses, Certification Courses, Diploma Courses and Colleges offered in India.
Check out the list of top Clinical Research universitites in India with courses, fees, cut-off, admission, placement, reviews, ranking, latest news, and more on careers360.com.
Indian Council of Medical Research [ICMR], National Institute of Epidemiology [NIE], has been offering online programs on bio-medical and public health research- the ' N IE- I CMR e - Cer tificate' - NIeCer courses since 2016. The third in this series, NIeCer 103: Scientific Writing in Health Research, is a self-paced course on scientific writing for health researchers. Communicating ...
Explore top courses and programs in Clinical Research. Enhance your skills with expert-led lessons from industry leaders. Start your learning journey today!
Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh I Estd. 1998. The Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, is a multi-specialty tertiary care centre, set up to provide medical facilities to all registered gas victims, and also carry out basic clinical and epidemiological research in all disciplines.
Notably, three Maharashtra medical colleges—Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, and Armed Force Medical College—ranked impressively in the top 50.
The fees varies course to course) National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore: 4: 71.92: Between Rs. 30,000 to Rs. 1.5 Lakh (full course) Kasturba Medical College, Manipal: 9 ...
Medical education was utterly disrupted for two years by the COVID-19 pandemic. In the midst of rearranging courses and adapting to online platforms we, with lecturers and course managers around the globe, wondered what the conversion to online setting did to students' learning, motivation and self-efficacy [1,2,3].What the long-term consequences would be [] and if scalable online medical ...
This list is important for candidates seeking admission to MBBS, BDS, and other medical programmes across the state. Aspirants can check their status on the official website - medical2024.mahacet.org.
Medical courses include MBBS, BDS, MD, BAMS, MCh, etc. Medical courses are one of the top professional choices after class 12th colleges in India. Medical courses are available in a variety of specializations, such as medical, biomedical, or paramedical sciences, pharmacy, nursing, allied health, health, and so on.
Brief teacher training found to better prepare medical students for patient education and communication. Dec 15, 2023. ... research suggests. Aug 21, 2024.
The crime took place on the night of 9 August, when the woman, who was a junior doctor at the city's RG Kar Medical College, had gone to a seminar room to rest after a gruelling 36-hour shift.