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How to write a research plan: Step-by-step guide
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Today’s businesses and institutions rely on data and analytics to inform their product and service decisions. These metrics influence how organizations stay competitive and inspire innovation. However, gathering data and insights requires carefully constructed research, and every research project needs a roadmap. This is where a research plan comes into play.
Read this step-by-step guide for writing a detailed research plan that can apply to any project, whether it’s scientific, educational, or business-related.
- What is a research plan?
A research plan is a documented overview of a project in its entirety, from end to end. It details the research efforts, participants, and methods needed, along with any anticipated results. It also outlines the project’s goals and mission, creating layers of steps to achieve those goals within a specified timeline.
Without a research plan, you and your team are flying blind, potentially wasting time and resources to pursue research without structured guidance.
The principal investigator, or PI, is responsible for facilitating the research oversight. They will create the research plan and inform team members and stakeholders of every detail relating to the project. The PI will also use the research plan to inform decision-making throughout the project.
- Why do you need a research plan?
Create a research plan before starting any official research to maximize every effort in pursuing and collecting the research data. Crucially, the plan will model the activities needed at each phase of the research project .
Like any roadmap, a research plan serves as a valuable tool providing direction for those involved in the project—both internally and externally. It will keep you and your immediate team organized and task-focused while also providing necessary definitions and timelines so you can execute your project initiatives with full understanding and transparency.
External stakeholders appreciate a working research plan because it’s a great communication tool, documenting progress and changing dynamics as they arise. Any participants of your planned research sessions will be informed about the purpose of your study, while the exercises will be based on the key messaging outlined in the official plan.
Here are some of the benefits of creating a research plan document for every project:
Project organization and structure
Well-informed participants
All stakeholders and teams align in support of the project
Clearly defined project definitions and purposes
Distractions are eliminated, prioritizing task focus
Timely management of individual task schedules and roles
Costly reworks are avoided
- What should a research plan include?
The different aspects of your research plan will depend on the nature of the project. However, most official research plan documents will include the core elements below. Each aims to define the problem statement , devising an official plan for seeking a solution.
Specific project goals and individual objectives
Ideal strategies or methods for reaching those goals
Required resources
Descriptions of the target audience, sample sizes , demographics, and scopes
Key performance indicators (KPIs)
Project background
Research and testing support
Preliminary studies and progress reporting mechanisms
Cost estimates and change order processes
Depending on the research project’s size and scope, your research plan could be brief—perhaps only a few pages of documented plans. Alternatively, it could be a fully comprehensive report. Either way, it’s an essential first step in dictating your project’s facilitation in the most efficient and effective way.
- How to write a research plan for your project
When you start writing your research plan, aim to be detailed about each step, requirement, and idea. The more time you spend curating your research plan, the more precise your research execution efforts will be.
Account for every potential scenario, and be sure to address each and every aspect of the research.
Consider following this flow to develop a great research plan for your project:
Define your project’s purpose
Start by defining your project’s purpose. Identify what your project aims to accomplish and what you are researching. Remember to use clear language.
Thinking about the project’s purpose will help you set realistic goals and inform how you divide tasks and assign responsibilities. These individual tasks will be your stepping stones to reach your overarching goal.
Additionally, you’ll want to identify the specific problem, the usability metrics needed, and the intended solutions.
Know the following three things about your project’s purpose before you outline anything else:
What you’re doing
Why you’re doing it
What you expect from it
Identify individual objectives
With your overarching project objectives in place, you can identify any individual goals or steps needed to reach those objectives. Break them down into phases or steps. You can work backward from the project goal and identify every process required to facilitate it.
Be mindful to identify each unique task so that you can assign responsibilities to various team members. At this point in your research plan development, you’ll also want to assign priority to those smaller, more manageable steps and phases that require more immediate or dedicated attention.
Select research methods
Once you have outlined your goals, objectives, steps, and tasks, it’s time to drill down on selecting research methods . You’ll want to leverage specific research strategies and processes. When you know what methods will help you reach your goals, you and your teams will have direction to perform and execute your assigned tasks.
Research methods might include any of the following:
User interviews : this is a qualitative research method where researchers engage with participants in one-on-one or group conversations. The aim is to gather insights into their experiences, preferences, and opinions to uncover patterns, trends, and data.
Field studies : this approach allows for a contextual understanding of behaviors, interactions, and processes in real-world settings. It involves the researcher immersing themselves in the field, conducting observations, interviews, or experiments to gather in-depth insights.
Card sorting : participants categorize information by sorting content cards into groups based on their perceived similarities. You might use this process to gain insights into participants’ mental models and preferences when navigating or organizing information on websites, apps, or other systems.
Focus groups : use organized discussions among select groups of participants to provide relevant views and experiences about a particular topic.
Diary studies : ask participants to record their experiences, thoughts, and activities in a diary over a specified period. This method provides a deeper understanding of user experiences, uncovers patterns, and identifies areas for improvement.
Five-second testing: participants are shown a design, such as a web page or interface, for just five seconds. They then answer questions about their initial impressions and recall, allowing you to evaluate the design’s effectiveness.
Surveys : get feedback from participant groups with structured surveys. You can use online forms, telephone interviews, or paper questionnaires to reveal trends, patterns, and correlations.
Tree testing : tree testing involves researching web assets through the lens of findability and navigability. Participants are given a textual representation of the site’s hierarchy (the “tree”) and asked to locate specific information or complete tasks by selecting paths.
Usability testing : ask participants to interact with a product, website, or application to evaluate its ease of use. This method enables you to uncover areas for improvement in digital key feature functionality by observing participants using the product.
Live website testing: research and collect analytics that outlines the design, usability, and performance efficiencies of a website in real time.
There are no limits to the number of research methods you could use within your project. Just make sure your research methods help you determine the following:
What do you plan to do with the research findings?
What decisions will this research inform? How can your stakeholders leverage the research data and results?
Recruit participants and allocate tasks
Next, identify the participants needed to complete the research and the resources required to complete the tasks. Different people will be proficient at different tasks, and having a task allocation plan will allow everything to run smoothly.
Prepare a thorough project summary
Every well-designed research plan will feature a project summary. This official summary will guide your research alongside its communications or messaging. You’ll use the summary while recruiting participants and during stakeholder meetings. It can also be useful when conducting field studies.
Ensure this summary includes all the elements of your research project . Separate the steps into an easily explainable piece of text that includes the following:
An introduction: the message you’ll deliver to participants about the interview, pre-planned questioning, and testing tasks.
Interview questions: prepare questions you intend to ask participants as part of your research study, guiding the sessions from start to finish.
An exit message: draft messaging your teams will use to conclude testing or survey sessions. These should include the next steps and express gratitude for the participant’s time.
Create a realistic timeline
While your project might already have a deadline or a results timeline in place, you’ll need to consider the time needed to execute it effectively.
Realistically outline the time needed to properly execute each supporting phase of research and implementation. And, as you evaluate the necessary schedules, be sure to include additional time for achieving each milestone in case any changes or unexpected delays arise.
For this part of your research plan, you might find it helpful to create visuals to ensure your research team and stakeholders fully understand the information.
Determine how to present your results
A research plan must also describe how you intend to present your results. Depending on the nature of your project and its goals, you might dedicate one team member (the PI) or assume responsibility for communicating the findings yourself.
In this part of the research plan, you’ll articulate how you’ll share the results. Detail any materials you’ll use, such as:
Presentations and slides
A project report booklet
A project findings pamphlet
Documents with key takeaways and statistics
Graphic visuals to support your findings
- Format your research plan
As you create your research plan, you can enjoy a little creative freedom. A plan can assume many forms, so format it how you see fit. Determine the best layout based on your specific project, intended communications, and the preferences of your teams and stakeholders.
Find format inspiration among the following layouts:
Written outlines
Narrative storytelling
Visual mapping
Graphic timelines
Remember, the research plan format you choose will be subject to change and adaptation as your research and findings unfold. However, your final format should ideally outline questions, problems, opportunities, and expectations.
- Research plan example
Imagine you’ve been tasked with finding out how to get more customers to order takeout from an online food delivery platform. The goal is to improve satisfaction and retain existing customers. You set out to discover why more people aren’t ordering and what it is they do want to order or experience.
You identify the need for a research project that helps you understand what drives customer loyalty . But before you jump in and start calling past customers, you need to develop a research plan—the roadmap that provides focus, clarity, and realistic details to the project.
Here’s an example outline of a research plan you might put together:
Project title
Project members involved in the research plan
Purpose of the project (provide a summary of the research plan’s intent)
Objective 1 (provide a short description for each objective)
Objective 2
Objective 3
Proposed timeline
Audience (detail the group you want to research, such as customers or non-customers)
Budget (how much you think it might cost to do the research)
Risk factors/contingencies (any potential risk factors that may impact the project’s success)
Remember, your research plan doesn’t have to reinvent the wheel—it just needs to fit your project’s unique needs and aims.
Customizing a research plan template
Some companies offer research plan templates to help get you started. However, it may make more sense to develop your own customized plan template. Be sure to include the core elements of a great research plan with your template layout, including the following:
Introductions to participants and stakeholders
Background problems and needs statement
Significance, ethics, and purpose
Research methods, questions, and designs
Preliminary beliefs and expectations
Implications and intended outcomes
Realistic timelines for each phase
Conclusion and presentations
How many pages should a research plan be?
Generally, a research plan can vary in length between 500 to 1,500 words. This is roughly three pages of content. More substantial projects will be 2,000 to 3,500 words, taking up four to seven pages of planning documents.
What is the difference between a research plan and a research proposal?
A research plan is a roadmap to success for research teams. A research proposal, on the other hand, is a dissertation aimed at convincing or earning the support of others. Both are relevant in creating a guide to follow to complete a project goal.
What are the seven steps to developing a research plan?
While each research project is different, it’s best to follow these seven general steps to create your research plan:
Defining the problem
Identifying goals
Choosing research methods
Recruiting participants
Preparing the brief or summary
Establishing task timelines
Defining how you will present the findings
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The Essential Guide to Doing Your Research Project
Student resources, chapter 7: designing a research plan.
A. Checklist for Assessing Practicality
By running through the following questions, you can quickly assess the practicality of your methodological plan:
1. Do you have/can you develop necessary expertise?
Interviewing, observing, theorizing, surveying, statistical analysis – various methods of data collection and analysis will require certain skills. And while you can develop new skills, time / interest can be an issue. Remember - competence is not a luxury. Your skills or lack thereof, will affect the quality of the data you collect and the credibility of the findings you generate.
2. Is your method ethical? Is it likely to get required ethics approval?
A clear criterion of any research design is that it is ethical; and ethicality is likely to be audited by an ethics committee. If a study calls for interaction with people, it will often require formal workplace and/ or university ethics committee approval. Ethical studies take responsibility for integrity in the production of knowledge and ensures that the mental, emotional, and physical welfare of respondents is protected.
3. Do you have required access to data?
A major challenge for researchers is gaining access to data. Whether you plan to explore documents, conduct interviews or surveys, or engage in observation, the best-laid plans are worthless if you can’t find a way to access people, places and/ or records.
4. Is your time frame realistic?
If you have not given yourself long enough to do what your design demands, you are likely to: miss deadlines; compromise your study by changing your methods mid-stream; do a shoddy job with your original methods; compromise time that should be dedicated to other aspects of your job/ life; or finally, not completing your study at all.
5. Do you have required financial/organizational support?
Whether you need to cover the cost of materials, postage, transcription etc., or the cost of bringing in a professional researcher to help with data collection or analysis, you will need finances. It is important to develop a realistic budget for your study. Research into any problem, no matter how worthy, will not be practical, or in fact, possible if you can’t cover costs. Also make sure that, if appropriate, you have organizational support for time to be dedicated to your project. Not being able to find time can be as debilitating to your study as not being able to find money.
B. Checklist for Fundamental Methods Questions
- Who do you want to be able to speak about?
- Who do you plan to speak to/observe?
- What is the physical domain of your sample?
- Are settings relevant to the credibility of your methods?
- How do your methods fit into your time frame?
- Is timing relevant to the credibility of your methods?
- How will I collect my data?
- How will I implement my methods?
- What will you look for/what will you ask?
Assessment in Mastery Learning
- First Online: 11 March 2020
Cite this chapter
- Celia Laird O’Brien 6 ,
- Mark Adler 7 &
- William C. McGaghie 8
Part of the book series: Comprehensive Healthcare Simulation ((CHS))
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The purpose of assessment in mastery learning is to promote learner improvement. Assessment is a key and indispensable feature of the mastery learning bundle. Mastery learning approaches are linked to the ability to make accurate decisions. Accurate decisions depend on reliable data that have been collected using instruments and methods linked to curriculum learning objectives. This chapter has six sections that reveal the ways that instruction and assessment are inseparable in mastery learning: (a) curriculum and instruction, (b) validity argument, (c) assessment context, (d) assessment measures, (e) data, and (f) decisions. Health professions educators must collect validity evidence regularly to support the validity argument that they are making accurate decisions about learners at each step of assessment design and implementation.
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O’Brien, C.L., Adler, M., McGaghie, W.C. (2020). Assessment in Mastery Learning. In: McGaghie, W., Barsuk, J., Wayne, D. (eds) Comprehensive Healthcare Simulation: Mastery Learning in Health Professions Education. Comprehensive Healthcare Simulation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34811-3_5
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Next O Crafting a Research Question and Developing a Plan: Mastery Test 3 Select the correct answer. Sara wrote the following research question: How school can sustainable farming practices help farmers in Puerto Rico face the unprecidented challenges of tropical depressions to climate change? What is the correct spelling of the underlined word? A. unprecidented B. unpresidented C. unprecedented D. unpresedented Reset Sub Next
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Final answer:
The correct spelling of the underlined word is unprecedented. Sara's research question is about how sustainable farming practices can help farmers in Puerto Rico face the challenges of tropical depressions and climate change.
Explanation:
The correct spelling of the underlined word is unprecedented . This word means something that has never happened before or is unparalleled. In Sara's research question, she is asking about how sustainable farming practices can help farmers in Puerto Rico deal with the challenges of tropical depressions and climate change.
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The sentence that contains a claim that cannot be supported with evidence is (3) "Its conquest deserves the best of all mankind."
To identify the sentence that contains a claim that cannot be supported with evidence, we need to analyze each sentence in the passage.
(3) There is no strife, no prejudice, no national conflict in outer space as yet. Its hazards are hostile to us all. Its conquest deserves the best of all mankind, and its opportunity for peaceful cooperation may never come again. But why, some say, the moon? . . . .
The claim in sentence (3) that cannot be supported with evidence is "Its conquest deserves the best of all mankind." This is because the concept of what deserves the best of all mankind is subjective and cannot be proven with evidence.
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Interviewing, observing, theorizing, surveying, statistical analysis - various methods of data collection and analysis will require certain skills. And while you can develop new skills, time / interest can be an issue. Remember - competence is not a luxury. Your skills or lack thereof, will affect the quality of the data you collect and the ...
Crafting the Research Question. A well-reviewed research proposal is typically built around one specific research question. Crafting this pivotal detail can be challenging, and we offer a number of suggestions to students at this formative stage in the proposal-writing process. A good question should be built directly upon a foundation of ...
4.2.1.5 Budget. The research project budget, also referred to as the total research cost, is an estimate of the required personnel allowances or costs, equipment costs, supplies or consumables including materials costs, combined with expenditures for travels and overhead charges, among others, for a set time.It is an essential element of the research proposal because the research plan is ...
Salih's research question is unfocused due to its broad nature, affecting its effectiveness. Effective research questions should be clear and specific to guide research effectively. Narrowing the focus of the question can enhance its viability for thorough investigation. Explanation: Understanding Salih's Research Question
8 of 8. Quiz yourself with questions and answers for Crafting a Research Question and Developing a Plan: Mastery Test, so you can be ready for test day. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material.
Developing a Research Plan; Mastery Test 1 Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu. Describe the beginning steps of the research process. Susan is writing a research paper for English class. First, she needs to for her paper. Then she should look for to become familiar with the topic.
Assessment in mastery learning is criterion-referenced, designed to measure progressive within-person gains. This contrasts with norm-referenced assessment which focuses on highlighting traditional learning outcomes as individual differences between learners [].The criterion-referenced approach does not gauge the achievement of individuals or teams compared to a reference group or a normal curve.
ext Developing a Research Plan: Mastery Test 2 Select the correct answer. What is the first step in the research process? A. choosing a topic B. citing sources C. drafting an essay D. finding background information
Check all that apply. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The first step in developing a research plan should be deciding on the research, What is the last step in creating a research plan?, When writing research questions, avoid ones that are too _____, which means they are unclear or unfocused. and more.
Quiz: Crafting a Research Question and Developing a Plan: Mastery Test Question 5 of 5 What is the main purpose of this text? Select to read "Writing About the Ocean" by Rachel Carson A. to encourage people to read Rachel Carson's books about creatures that live in the ocean B. to describe how Rachel Carson helped convince people to protect the environment C. to convince people around the ...
How do we begin developing a research plan? look up literature to keep current knowledge or practice and find primary resources. What are common sections within a research article? abstract, introduction, methods, research participants, instrumentation, procedures, data analysis, results, discussion, conclusion. What does an abstract include?
Developing a Research Plan: Mastery Test 4 Select all the correct answers. What are three common reasons that might make you revise the focus of your research? Your classmates disapprove of a topic that is controversial. Your position on a topic or issue changes as you conduct research. Your topic is too broad to manage all the information.
Terms in this set (7) Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like the predicted outcome of the study; must be based on theory or previous findings, type of hypothesis where the dependent variable will go up or down, for quantitative research, it is important to use a _____ hypothesis and more.
Next O Crafting a Research Question and Developing a Plan: Mastery Test 3 Select the correct answer. Sara wrote the following research question: How school can sustainable farming practices help farmers in Puerto Rico face the unprecidented challenges of tropical depressions to climate
Qutz: Crafting a Research Question and Developing a Plan: Mastery Test Question 3 of 5 What is the main purpose of this text? Select to read "Writing About the Ocean" by Rachel Carson A. to convince people around the world that radioactive waste does not belong in the ocean B. to encourage people to read Rachel Carson's books about creatures that live in the ocean C. to explain how the ocean ...