Specifications of the scientific cameras available at the BEATS imaging endstation | | Units | Camera 1 | Camera 2 | Sensor type | | sCMOS – Mono | CMOS – Mono | Manufacturer | | PCO AG (now Excelitas Technologies, USA) | Teledyne FLIR (USA) | Model | | pco.edge 5.5 CLHS | Oryx 10GigE | Resolution | | 5.5 MP | 7.1 MP | Sensor size | pixels | 2560 × 2160 | 3208 × 2200 | Pixel size | µm | 6.5 | 4.5 | MaxIMUM frame rate (full frame) | frames s | 100 | 112 | Shutter | | Rolling / global | Global | Exposure time | | 500 µs to 2 s | 10 µs to 30 s | Bit-depth | bit | 16 | 8 / 16 | ADC | bit | 16 | 8 / 10 / 12 | Full-well capacity | e | 30000 | 24500 | Dynamic range | dB | 88.6 | 71.7 | driver | | ADPcoWin | ADSpinnaker | | 3.1. Data acquisition system | Layout of BEATS data acquisition, processing and storage infrastructure. Additional information is provided by Iori (2021 ). | 3.1.1. Scan modalitiesDifferent data collection modalities are provided to users: | Implementation of a software-based continuous CT scan. The rotary stage acceleration and the camera arming time are compensated by initiating the sample rotation and camera frame collection processes ahead of the target start scan position. This approach ensures that, when capturing the first frame of the dataset, the rotary stage is moving at a steady speed. | (ii) Step scan: the rotation axis is moved and stopped at equidistant angular values to record projection frames. This is a slow scan mode that allows extended exposure time for each frame or averaging of multiple frames, and helps to suppress artefacts generated by sample rotation during the scan. (iii) Single radiograph: the fast exposure shutter is controlled in combination with the camera shutter, and is closed during waiting periods in which the camera is not collecting frames ( e.g. during alignment procedures). This modality is used during sample alignment, and to minimize X-ray exposure when collecting radiographs of delicate objects. 3.1.2. Step scan triggering systemDuring step scans, the collection of individual frames must be triggered once the rotary stage has reached the required position. With the ORYX FLIR camera available at the beamline, this is done by specifying the total number of frames, setting the camera's image mode to multiple , and by sending software-based triggers from the TomoScan application to the camera driver. For the pco.edge 5.5 camera, the combination of multiple frame collection and software-trigger is not available. Instead, single frames can be collected by setting the image mode to single , and by repeatedly sending start acquire commands. Nevertheless, this camera trigger modality involves approximately one second of additional arming time for each start acquire command. To overcome this issue, an external triggering server was designed and developed at SESAME, consisting of two main parts: (i) a hardware controller based on Raspberry Pi that can transmit trigger signals over extended cable lengths, and (ii) a software component programmed in C implementing the socket server. The camera's image mode is set to multiple , and the trigger mode to external . The triggering server is integrated in TomoScan and monitors incoming acquire commands during the experiment. For each acquire command received, the server sends a digital trigger to the camera. In this way, the camera is armed only once at the start of a step scan operation. 3.1.3. Data acquisition software3.1.4. experimental data streaming. Data streaming refers to the direct transfer of X-ray projections generated by detectors to the STS. The experimental data streaming process handles the creation and storage of experimental files (containing raw data and metadata). A data streaming solution for BEATS was developed with the following requirements: (ii) Client OS agnostic data processing. The streaming process and writing of experimental files must be compatible with camera drivers running on Linux ( e.g. FLIR Oryx) as well as Windows ( e.g. pco.edge) platforms. (iii) Exploit the full performance of the GPFS centralized storage. GPFS requires its client application to be installed on the client OS (typically Linux) to achieve the maximum read/write performance of the STS. A data writer software ( BEATSH5Writer ) was developed to handle the experiment file creation according to a DXFile layout, and the reception, processing and writing of incoming frames to the HDF5 file. BEATSH5Writer can be run as a server continuously or on demand. At the start of an acquisition session, BEATSH5Writer is initialized with parameters describing the rotation stage, camera and the scan modality in use ( i.e. step or continuous scan). Once initialized, BEATSH5Writer remains in a listening mode, waiting for a TomoScan trigger indicating the start of tomography data collection. When a new scan is started, BEATSH5Writer proceeds to apply SESAME's naming convention on the experimental data path and associated files. Two beamline-specific XML files (layout and attribute) are used to create HDF5 files in the DXFile format. The XML layout describes the hierarchical structure of the experimental file, while the XML attribute maps each key of the layout file to an active EPICS Process Variable (PV). | Block diagram illustrating the parallel configuration of receiving and writing processes handled by . The FIFO queue is shared by the receiving and writing processes. | The receiving process initializes ZMQ context and socket, with the socket set to subscribe to all incoming messages from the publisher (ADZMQ plugin), and then establishes the connection to the socket of the publisher which is on the areaDetector driver host. Upon receiving ZMQ messages, the receiving process extracts information from incoming messages including image frames, and stores them at the rear of a first-in first-out (FIFO) queue in the RAM. The contents of the FIFO queue remain available to other parallel processes. The receiving process tracks the number of frames received and stops when it reaches the total number of scan frames provided by TomoScan . This is the sum of projections, dark and flat fields. The receiving process also stops when the two following conditions are met: (i) no additional frame is received within a time margin larger than the frame's exposure time, and (ii) no motor movement is detected while collecting projections. The second condition avoids interrupting the receiving process when as an example the specimen is being inserted or taken out from the field of view for the collection of flat fields. The writing process retrieves frame information and the image frame itself from the front of the FIFO queue. Each camera frame is received from ADZMQ as a one-dimensional waveform PV and reshaped to a two-dimensional array. The process records the frame identifier and type ( i.e. dark fields, flat fields and projections), and saves the image to the HDF5 file accordingly. A frame counter is used to monitor and determine the conditions for process completion and termination of the acquisition. 3.2. Beamline and experiment controlThe control system of BEATS, including personnel and equipment protection layers, was designed and developed at SESAME. Users can control the beamline and experimental parameters through a set of graphical user interfaces (GUIs): (i) Beamline synoptic, vacuum and cooling GUI , used to monitor the status of in-vacuum equipment. (ii) Device GUI allowing the status of motorized in-vacuum equipment such as slits, attenuator and DMM to be modifed. (iii) Experiment GUI for the alignment and configuration of the endstation equipment. 3.3. Tomographic reconstructionThe construction of the beamline's radiation safety hutches and technical infrastructure started in February 2022, followed by the installation of the X-ray source and in-vacuum photon delivery equipment. The first SXCT experiment was performed in May 2023. After commissioning of the beamline's DMM optical elements, monochromatic applications have been available since December 2023. The following sections document the instrument's performance and capabilities. 4.1. White beam profile | Profile of the filtered white beam at the sample position (43 m from the X-ray photon source) inside the BEATS experimental station. The beam was filtered with 5 mm of glassy carbon and 5 mm of silicon, for a resulting peak X-ray energy of 36 keV. The image is a mosaic of 20 flat-field images collected with 13 µm pixel size and no sample in the detector field of view. When all slits are removed from the beam path, the detected beam edges are shaped by the oval geometry of the copper frame holding the second CVD diamond window. A usable beam size of 75 mm horizontally and 15 mm vertically is available for experiments. | 4.2. Imaging system resolution | ( ) of the X-ray resolution target (XRCAL-2µm, Applied Nanotools Inc., Canada). ( ) Detail (enlarged) of ( ) showing series 0 and 1 of a micro-USAF test pattern. Element 6 of series 1 of the pattern (contoured in red) corresponds to line pairs of 0.357 lp µm . ( ) Intensity horizontal line profile through ( ). | 4.3. Data acquisition and reconstruction performanceDifferent stress tests were conducted to assess the DAQ performance. A fast tomography experiment was performed collecting continuously 10000 projections with 5 ms exposure time of a sample rotating at a speed of 2.44 s for half revolution. Twenty-five 3D datasets were obtained over a time period of approximately 1 min. A stress test of the step-scan data acquisition chain was performed by collecting 10000 projections over a scan duration of approximately 4 h, including acquisition of flat and dark field images before and after the scan. The resulting HDF5 raw data file was 110 GB in size. As expected, the beamline DAQ system was able to handle the loss-less generation of HDF5 files of 100 GB or more at the design throughput of 8.8 Gbps. Reconstruction time for datasets of different size collected at BEATS | Gridrec method and the CUDA filtered back projection (FBP) implementation of the on one CPU/GPU node of the beamline's hybrid reconstruction cluster (see Section 3.3 for cluster specifications). The stack height was 1000 pixels for all datasets. The time required by the CT reconstruction step is reported in seconds. The time including all steps of the reconstruction pipeline (HDF5 data read from GPFS storage, CPU/GPU computation, and writing of 32bit reconstructed tiff slices) is reported in parentheses. | Test dataset | Dataset 1 | Dataset 2 | Dataset 3 | Sinogram shape | 1376 × 1000 × 1000 | 2560 × 1000 × 1000 | 4371 × 1000 × 2000 | Raw data size (16-bit) | 6.0 GB | 28.2 GB | 42.3 GB | Reconstruction shape | 1376 × 1376 × 1000 | 2560 × 2560 × 1000 | 4371 × 4371 × 1000 | Reconstruction size (32-bit) | 7.6 GB | 26.2 GB | 76.4 GB | Gridrec | 5.6 s (50.5 s) | 18.8 s (117.5 s) | 88.5 s (268.4 s) | FBP CUDA | 51.1 s (95.7 s) | 69.2 s (169.3 s) | 249.6 s (421.3 s) | | 5.1. Archaeology and cultural heritage | Phase-contrast SXCT scan of an Epipalaeolithic human vertebra from an archaeological excavation carried out in the EMME region. The scan was performed at SESAME BEATS using filtered white beam with peak X-ray energy of 36 keV. Voxel size: 6.5 µm. Number of projections: 8000. Exposure time: 0.7 ms. Scan time: 1.5 min. Transverse ( ), coronal ( ) 3D and sagittal ( ) sections through the reconstructed volume. ( ) 3D rendering of the scanned region. Thanks to the achievable high 3D resolution and contrast and the possibility of exploiting phase-contrast, SXCT is considered the gold standard for investigations of the morphology and architecture of bone from the millimetre down to the nanometre scale (Maggiano , 2016 ). Sample courtesy of Dr Kirsi O. Lorentz and Dr Anis Fatima, the Cyprus Institute (Cyprus). | | Phase-contrast SXCT scan of human incisor from the Epipalaeolithic period, EMME region. The image was collected at BEATS using a filtered white beam modality with peak X-ray energy of 36 keV and a voxel size of 6.5 µm. Number of projections: 2000. Exposure time: 0.9 ms. Scan time: 30 s. ( ) Transverse section and ( ) 3D rendering of the tooth virtually sectioned to expose features of interest. The following anatomical features are labelled: dental cementum (white arrow heads), dentine (stars) and cementodentinal junction (CDJ, black arrow heads). Sample courtesy of Dr Kirsi O. Lorentz and Dr Anis Fatima, the Cyprus Institute (Cyprus). | | Phase-contrast filtered white beam scan (peak X-ray energy: 25 keV) of historical Roman glass replica subject to artificial degradation. ( ) Virtual section through the reconstructed volume image: alteration products on the glass surface are distinguishable from the glass bulk due to their different grey scale intensity. ( ) 3D rendering of the sample. Voxel size: 0.65 µm. Number of projections: 4000. Exposure time: 20 ms. Scan time: 2 min. Sample courtesy of Dr Roberta Zanini and Dr Arianna Traviglia of the IIT Centre for Cultural Heritage Technology (Italy). | 5.2. Life sciences | SXCT images of life science samples from SESAME BEATS. ( ) 3D rendering from phase-contrast reconstruction of a German wasp ( ). Filtered white beam (peak X-ray energy: 25 keV). Voxel size: 3.1 µm. Number of projections: 2000. Exposure time: 20 ms. Scan time: 55 s. ( ) 3D visualization of ceramic orthodontic bracket bonded to bovine tooth model. Filtered white beam (peak X-ray energy: 36 keV). Voxel size: 4.5 µm. Number of projections: 4000. Exposure time: 8.4 ms. Scan time: 2 min. ( ) Transverse section, ( ) ( ) longitudinal section and ( ) 3D volume rendering of a thin grass fibre (diameter 90 µm approximately). The scan was performed with filtered white beam at a peak X-ray energy of 16 keV and a voxel size of 0.65 µm. Number of projections: 1000. Exposure time: 30 ms. Scan time: 40 s. Despite low X-ray absorption, high contrast and anatomical resolution are achieved in the reconstructed images [( ) and ( )] thanks to a phase-retrieval step. Microvessels with a diameter of approximately 2.5 µm are highlighted with arrow heads in ( ). Sample in ( ) courtesy of Dr Petra Koch from Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Germany). The scans shown in ( ), ( ), ( ) and ( ) are courtesy of Dr Marieh Al-Handawi and Professor Panče Naumov from New York University Abu Dhabi (UAE). | 5.3. Material science and engineering | ( ) Virtual section through an open-cell ceramic sponge. ( ) Virtual section and ( ) 3D rendering of an aluminium alloy closed-cell foam sample (AlSi6Cu4). Both scans were performed with filtered white beam (peak X-ray energy: 36 keV) and a voxel size of 3.1 µm. Number of projections: 4000. Exposure time: 11 ms. Scan time: 1 min. Structural defects and the distribution of imperfections can be studied with micrometre resolution over large portions of the material, without the need for sample preparation. Foaming processes can be tracked by hard synchrotron X-ray radiography as demonstrated at beamline ID19 of the ESRF (Mukherjee , 2017 ). | | White beam SXCT applications in material and earth sciences at SESAME BEATS. ( ) Transverse and ( ) longitudinal sections through the reconstruction of an Nb Sn superconducting wire. Scan performed with filtered white beam with peak X-ray energy of 69 keV. 3D image voxel size: 1.3 µm. Number of projections: 10000. Exposure time: 2 s. Scan time: 6 h. The sample was part of a measurement campaign performed at beamline ID19 of the ESRF (France) (Barth , 2018 ) and is courtesy of Dr Christian Barth, Dr Tommaso Bagni and Professor Carmine Senatore from the University of Geneva (Switzerland). ( ) Transverse and ( ) longitudinal sections through the reconstruction of a wetting experiment on a quartz sand sample (F-75 silica). Scan performed with filtered white beam with peak energy of 36 keV. 3D image voxel size: 6.5 µm. Number of projections: 1000. Exposure time: 17 ms. Scan time: 20 s. Sample courtesy of Dr Jamal Hannun and Professor Riyadh Al-Raoush from Qatar University. | 5.4. Earth sciencesIn this article we have presented the synchrotron X-ray tomography beamline BEATS of SESAME. The beamline was installed between February 2022 and May 2023, when the first X-ray tomograms were collected in its experimental station. ID10-BEATS was officially inaugurated on 6 June 2023, and has been open for SESAME users since January 2024, as the fifth beamline of the facility going online. Thanks to a wavelength shifter insertion device and double-multilayer monochromator optics, the intensity and energy spectrum of the available X-ray beam can be tuned to the required characteristics. The radiography and microtomography endstation of BEATS uses a high-precision sample manipulator and indirect X-ray detectors based on scintillating crystals, visible-light optics and sCMOS cameras. A broad range of image magnifications is available, allowing the scan of samples of various size and geometry. The beamline's data acquisition and reconstruction system implements scan modalities for different experimental conditions, efficient streaming of tomograms to a centralized storage system, and fast CT reconstruction on a dedicated CPU/GPU cluster, allowing users to perform high-throughput experiments. The following upgrades are being prepared to expand the equipment portfolio of the beamline: (i) Sample manipulator for high payloads. A heavy-duty, five-axis sample manipulator based on air-bearing technology and assembled on a granite stage independent of the detector table is currently being manufactured. This will allow sample payloads up to 50 kg, and rotation speed up to 60 rpm. The system will also extend the maximum available propagation distance between sample and detector to approximately 6 m. (ii) Sample environment for mechanical testing. A 1000 N compression-tensile mechanical testing stage specifically designed for X-ray tomography will be available for in situ experiments under displacement control. Objects up to 22 mm in diameter and 33 mm in length can be mounted for testing. Load transfer between the stage components is accomplished with a circular window in polycarbonate or aluminium, depending on the scan X-ray energy. The possibility to vary the mechanical load applied on a sample while imaging its interior in 3D has wide potential for application in the fields of materials science and engineering, biomedical research, and more. The high photon flux available in white beam modality allows fast scanning and time-resolved analyses while mechanical tests are performed. (iii) Sample environment for temperature control. A furnace for in situ , temperature-controlled experiments based on an induction heating system will be also available. The sample environment will allow temperatures from ambient up to 1200°C. Samples and materials that are not electrically conductive can be studied by sliding them inside apposite metal crucibles. Our report describes the first use of SXCT in the Middle East and Eastern Mediterrenean region, with spatial resolution higher than 2.8 µm (as verified with a resolution test pattern), scan time as low as a few seconds, and the possibility to reconstruct in a widely non-destructive manner the local X-ray attenuation coefficient or phase shift of specimens. The research potential released by the new beamline of SESAME was illustrated with examples of SXCT imaging of materials and samples from archaeology, cultural heritage, materials, life and earth sciences. The possibility to characterize the internal microstructure of specimens at high spatial and temporal resolution, and without sectioning or damaging the object under investigation is a key step for an exhaustive understanding of materials, artefacts and organisms from the past and present of our civilization. Link https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10075277 Synchrotron X-ray Computed Tomography scan of a wasp AcknowledgementsThe authors thank Christian Schlepütz (PSI) for support during data acquisition and DMM commissioning, Ray Barret (ESRF), Anna Bianco and Matteo Altissimo (Elettra) for support in optical design, Giovanni Simonetti, Marco Fant, Davide Vivoda and Diego Dreossi (Elettra), Francesco De Carlo and Alberto Mittone (Argonne National Laboratory, USA), Paul Tafforeau, Cristian Maccarrone, Damien Coulon and Bernard Ogier (ESRF), Gordan Mikuljan and Tine Celcer (SLS) for supporting the design and installation of beamline instrumentation, data acquisition system and vacuum components. We acknowledge the TOMCAT beamline of SLS for the donation of a sample manipulator, ID19, BM05 and ID16 of the ESRF for the donation of two in-vacuum slit systems and of an air-bearing sample rotation stage. We thank Roberta Zanini and Arianna Traviglia (CCHT IIT, Italy), Petra Koch (Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany), Christian Barth, Tommaso Bagni and Carmine Senatore (University of Geneva, Switzerland), Jamal Hannun and Riyadh Al-Raoush (Qatar university, Qatar), Marieh Al-Handawi and Panče Naumov (New York University Abu Dhabi, UAE) for providing samples. We thank Riccardo Signorato, Giuseppe Lamanna and Attilio Ruffa (Strumenti Scientifici CINEL, Vigonza, Italy) for the measurements of DMM performance. Funding informationThe following funding is acknowledged: Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020 Excellent Science (grant No. 822535). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) Licence , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited. Follow J. Synchrotron Rad. | Facility for Rare Isotope BeamsAt michigan state university, frib issues third call for proposals for frib beam time. FRIB issued its third call for proposals today. The FRIB science program commenced in May 2022, delivering successful experiments approved in the first call for proposals. The third call invites scientific users the world over to submit proposals for additional research and new ideas using FRIB capabilities. With this call, FRIB invites proposals for beam time to be considered at the third meeting of the FRIB Program Advisory Committee (PAC3) in January 2025. The PAC is a group of international experts who review proposals for non-proprietary beam time requests submitted to FRIB. The PAC makes recommendations to the FRIB Laboratory Director about beam-time allocation. All proposals for review by FRIB PAC3 need to be submitted online by 11 p.m. EST on 9 October 2024 to allow for scientific and technical review of the proposals prior to the PAC3 meeting. FRIB is a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science (DOE-SC) user facility , supporting the mission of the DOE-SC Office of Nuclear Physics . FRIB is open to all interested researchers, subject to applicable laws and DOE-SC regulations. Beam time for non-proprietary experiments is granted based on a merit review of proposals. There is no charge for users who are doing non-proprietary work, with the understanding that they are expected to publish their results. FRIB PAC3 will consider proposals for experiments using fast, stopped, and reaccelerated rare-isotope beams from the FRIB linear accelerator (linac). Newly offered for PAC3: - Additional primary beams from the FRIB linac and increased primary beam intensity (see the FRIB beams page )
- The S2 vault is an experimental area that will house the Sweeper magnet and the MoNA/LISA neutron array. The S2 beamline will also have space for auxiliary instruments and may be used as a general-purpose beamline.
Detailed information regarding proposal preparation can be found in the Call for Proposals . FRIB supports a community of 1,800 scientists from around the world, enabling them to make discoveries about how the universe formed, while advancing innovation in medicine, nuclear security, environmental science, and more. They are organized in an independent FRIB Users Organization, and include scientists, postdoctoral research associates, and graduate students from universities, national laboratories, and industry. FRIB PAC3 timeline- 18 July 2024: Call for Proposals for FRIB PAC3 meeting
- 11 September 2024: Last date for rare isotope beam rate requests
- 9 October 2024: Proposals submitted online by 11 p.m. EST
- January 2025: FRIB PAC3 meeting
- January 2025 - List of approved experiments posted to the FRIB website and spokespersons notified
Michigan State University operates the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) as a user facility for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science (DOE-SC), supporting the mission of the DOE-SC Office of Nuclear Physics. Hosting what is designed to be the most powerful heavy-ion accelerator, FRIB enables scientists to make discoveries about the properties of rare isotopes in order to better understand the physics of nuclei, nuclear astrophysics, fundamental interactions, and applications for society, including in medicine, homeland security, and industry. The U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States and is working to address some of today’s most pressing challenges. For more information, visit energy.gov/science. ![](//ortec.site/777/templates/cheerup1/res/banner1.gif) |
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Beamlines usually end in experimental stations that utilize particle beams or synchrotron light obtained from a synchrotron, or neutrons from a spallation source or research reactor. Beamlines are used in experiments in particle physics, materials science, life science, chemistry, and molecular biology, but can also be used for irradiation tests or to produce isotopes.
Beamline for Schools Beamline for Schools (BL4S) is a physics competition for high school students from all around the world organised at CERN, the European Laboratory for Particle Physics, in Geneva, Switzerland, and DESY, the German Electron Synchrotron, in Hamburg, Germany. Teams of high school students can propose an experiment that they want to perform at a beamline, that is, a part of a ...
1. Examples for experiments that can be done at the T9 beam line. Example 1:Explore the world of antimatter. The particles in the beam at the T9 beam line are a mix of matter and antimatter particles. Some of the properties of antimatter have only been theoretically predicted but never been measured in an experiment.
Beamline scientist Mary Upton, pictured here at beamline 27-ID of the Advanced Photon Source. Upton works with visiting scientists on inelastic X-ray scattering experiments, and helps them design those experiments and collect data. (Image by Mark Lopez / Argonne National Laboratory.)
Beamline scientists connect the world's researchers to the Every successful experiment at the Advanced Photon Source relies on the knowledge and skills of the beamline scientists who enable the research. What makes a good beamline scientist? Today, four of them weigh in.
In order to succeed in Beamline for Schools you can either propose a creative experiment or idea yourself or take one of the examples and work out the details of that experiment.
From 14 to 28 September, the three winning teams of the 2023 edition of the Beamline for Schools competition had the chance to use the test-beam facilities at CERN and DESY to perform their experiments.
The eighth edition of Beamline for Schools ended on 21 September 2021, when the two winning teams left DESY in Hamburg, Germany, with a smile on their faces and many fond memories. The team "EXTRA" from Italy and the team "Teomitzli" from Mexico were selected from among 289 participants from all over the world and won a two-week stay in Hamburg to carry out the experiments that they ...
The Beamline for Schools competition offers high-school students the chance to conduct experiments at a real, functioning physics beamline at CERN. More about the competition.
VITO experiment. The Versatile Ion polarisation Technique Online ( VITO) experiment is a permanent experimental setup located in the ISOLDE facility at CERN, in the form of a beamline. The purpose of the beamline is to perform a wide range of studies using spin-polarised short-lived atomic nuclei. VITO uses circularly-polarised laser light to ...
Researchers in Berkeley Lab's CAMERA have been working with beamline scientists at Brookhaven National Laboratory to develop and test SMART, a mathematical method that enables autonomous experimental decision making without human interaction.
13th July 2012. Most experiments require a trigger because they need to know when to record data. I'll distinguish. Trivial triggers : triggers which select when to record data in a periodic manner or in a way which is otherwise independent of the actual properties of the event being selected. Non-trival triggers : triggers which select ...
At Fermilab, the DONUT accelerator-based neutrino experiment led in 2000 to the discovery of the tau neutrino, the third of the three known types of neutrinos. The NuMI beamline and the Booster Neutrino beamline deliver high intensity neutrino beams to Fermilab experiments such as NOvA, ICARUS, and ANNIE with MicroBooNE having recently ...
Introduction In order to succeed in Beamline for Schools (BL4S) you can either propose an exper-iment yourself or take one of the examples described in this document and work out the details of that experiment. We suggest you to have a look at the proposals of the winning experiments of the previous editions of the competition to understand how detailed you should describe your experiment. One ...
CERN's Beamline for Schools Competition (BL4S) is a science competition open to high school students from all over the world. The prize, fabulous by any standards, is the opportunity to conduct an experiment for 10 days on-site at CERN, in Geneva. Now entering its tenth year, BL4S has enabled CERN to engage almost 22 teams and more than 17,000 students from across the globe to experience ...
Please note that in order to succeed in Beamline for Schools you can either propose a creative experiment or idea yourself or take one of the examples and work out the details of that experiment.
Developing Beamline Capabilities as a Team NSLS-II was designed to include an accelerator complex that provides space for up to 60 beamlines. Currently, NSLS-II operates 29 beamlines that are organized according to the research capabilities they offer and staff expertise. Interdisciplinary teams of experts designed and constructed these 29 cutting-edge beamlines through multiple beamline ...
The ALS Computing group performed experiments and tested their machine learning models at Beamline 8.3.2. Clockwise from back left: Tanny Chavez, Dylan McReynolds, Raja Vyshnavi Sriramoju, Seij De Leon, Dula Parkinson, Wiebke Koepp.
ABSTRACT. In an APS, machine learning (ML) controls automated laboratory equipment, allowing for ML-driven experiment design, execution, and analysis in a closed loop. The ML-driven closed-loop experiment cycle of APS promises to allow researchers to perform the minimum number of experiments necessary to explore the search space and identify ...
Mamba. : a systematic software solution for beamline experiments at HEPS. To cater for the diverse experiment requirements at the High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) with often limited human resources, Bluesky was chosen as the basis for our software framework, Mamba. In our attempt to address Bluesky 's lack of integrated graphical user ...
Experimental Beamlines The 70 MeV Drive and the 15 MeV Witness linacs propagate in opposite directions, and come to a common area designated as the beamline switchyard where each linac can branch out into any of several beamlines where experiments are conducted.
et configurations. In a collider (such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)), accelerated particle beams travel at close to the speed of light before they are made to collide. In a fixed-target experiment a beam of accelerated particles collides with a target, which can be a solid, liquid, or gas. The Beamline for Schools (BL4S) experiment is of the
A special part of the beamline, known as the ' interconnect', is used to steer positrons and antiprotons between ALPHA's spectroscopy and gravity experiments. The interconnect uses an arrangement of seven independent magnets to create a curved magnetic field.
QCT is a full-field soft X-ray tomography beamline for imaging frozen cells with nanoscale resolution without the need for chemical fixation. This cryo-soft X-ray tomography beamline will be complementary to current methods, providing even more detail into cellular structure and functions.
The recently inaugurated beamline ID10-BEATS for hard X-ray full-field tomography at the SESAME synchrotron in Jordan is presented. The design, performance and scientific applications of the beamline, which was developed within the European Horizon 2020 project BEAmline for Tomography at SESAME, are illustrated.
Beam time for non-proprietary experiments is granted based on a merit review of proposals. ... The S2 beamline will also have space for auxiliary instruments and may be used as a general-purpose beamline.Detailed information regarding proposal preparation can be found in the Call for Proposals.FRIB supports a community of 1,800 scientists from ...