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Management Information Systems

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Published: Sep 18, 2018

Words: 2768 | Pages: 5 | 14 min read

• Routines and business processes: Standard operating procedures have been developed that allow the organization to become productive and efficient thereby reducing costs over time.
• Organizational politics: Divergent viewpoints about how resources, rewards, and punishments should be distributed bring about political resistance to organization change.
• Organizational culture: Assumptions that define the organizational goals and products create a powerful restraint on change, especially technological change.
• Organizational environments: Reciprocal relationships exist between an organization and environments; information systems provide organizations a way to identify external changes that might require an organizational response.
• Organizational structure: Information systems reflect the type of organizational structure - entrepreneurial, machine bureaucracy, divisionalized bureaucracy, professional bureaucracy, or adhocracy.
• traditional competitors
• new market entrants
• substitute products and services
• Low-cost leadership: Lowest operational costs and the lowest prices.
• Product differentiation: Enable new products and services, or greatly change the customer convenience in using existing products and services.
• Focus on market niche: Enable a specific market focus and serve this narrow target market better than competitors.
• Strengthen customer and suppliers: Tighten linkages with suppliers and develop intimacy with customers. Describe how information systems can support each of these competitive strategies and give examples.
• Low-cost leadership: Use information systems to improve inventory management, supply management, and create efficient customer response systems. Example: Wal-Mart.
• Product differentiation: Use information systems to create products and services that are customized and personalized to fit the precise specifications of individual customers. Example: Google, eBay, Apple, Lands’ End.
• Focus on market niche: Use information systems to produce and analyze data for finely tuned sales and marketing techniques. Analyze customer buying patterns, tastes, and preferences closely in order to efficiently pitch advertising and marketing campaigns to smaller target markets. Example: Hilton Hotels, Harrah’s.
• Strengthen customer and supplier intimacies: Use information systems to facilitate direct access from suppliers to information within the company. Increase switching costs and loyalty to the company.
• What is the structure of the industry in which the firm is located? Analyze the competitive forces at work in the industry; determine the basis of competition; determine the direction and nature of change within the industry; and analyze how the industry is currently using information technology.
• What are the business, firm, and industry value chains for this particular firm? Decide how the company creates value for its customers; determine how the firm uses best practices to manage its business processes; analyze how the firm leverages its core competencies; verify how the industry supply chain and customer base are changing; establish the benefit of strategic partnerships and value webs; clarify where information systems will provide the greatest value in the firm’s value chain.
• Have we aligned IT with our business strategy and goals? Articulate the firm’s business strategy and goals; decide if IT is improving the right business processes and activities in accordance with the firm’s strategy; agree on the right metrics to measure progress toward the goals.

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Management Information System

Introduction.

COVID-19 has forced companies to adopt and enhance information technology systems to stay competitive in business and economic environments. As many people work from home during the pandemic, digital systems are essential to handle professional tasks and ensure business survival. Additionally, many firms have utilized technology to meet the demands of clients who have moved to online systems for shopping (Nah & Siau, 2020). Besides, technology maximizes a company’s productivity by improving innovation performance, making operations easy and speedy, reducing human errors, and improving productivity. This paper examines how technology has influenced the survival and failure of businesses during the pandemic by comparing two companies.

Levi Strauss company

Levi Strauss company based in San Francisco has significantly increased sales since it embraced digital services. The most prominent global leader in jeans has applied technology to attract more customers and increase profits. The company changed its strategy after realizing the transformation of customer purchasing behavior during the pandemic. Investments in digital technologies allowed Levi Strauss to react and survive as customers switched to e-commerce channels effectively. The company launched a mobile app to enhance its connection and engagement with consumers at home (McKinsy Digital, 2020). Also, it enhanced delivery services by launching curbside pickup in U.S based stores to respond to online orders in time, which attracted many clients leading to a profit boost.

Escada America company

Escada America, a women’s fashion retailer company, has been struggling to survive in a competitive market for the past few months as it filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in Jan this year. Escada America has failed to invest sufficiently in the technology required to create and maintain online functionality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides, poor technology has contributed to the company’s mismanagement, which has left it less equipped to endure the pandemic impacts. Furthermore, it has failed to provide shoppers with great online shopping experiences, which has pushed customers to other competitive stores. Additionally, the lack of a secure e-commerce platform has reduced their online services, thus frustrating customers.

Moreover, by enhancing technology in Levi’s company, the business has a considerable advantage over other companies which have not shifted digital. Besides, having an effective digital tool in business strategy contributes to the company’s growth by reducing costs, promoting a brand, and ensuring quality customer service. Levi Strauss has a great connection and interaction with the consumers, which has gained them more loyal clients. On the contrary, the lack of technology resources in Escada America has pushed the firm to bankruptcy. Escada is still struggling to channel its digital ambition, contributing to poor business management and productivity.

The pandemic has left many businesses struggling to survive in the current competitive economic environment. However, some companies that have utilized technology have remained in business today. Technology has a positive effect on business by changing the face of a company, allowing people to work from home, reducing costs, improving brand awareness, enhancing productivity, and ensuring clients satisfaction. Technology helps a company run smoothly and reach many customers who have turned to online channels for purchases. A company with an effective technology model like Levi Strauss has a greater chance of surviving the effects of COVID-19 and maintaining its leading position.

Evans, C. (2020). The coronavirus crisis and the technology sector.  Business Economics ,  55 (4), 253-266.

García-Madurga, M. A., Grilló-Méndez, A. J., & Morte-Nadal, T. (2021). The adaptation of companies to the COVID reality: a systematic review.  Retos Revista de Ciencias de la Administración y Economía ,  11 (21), 55-70.

Nah, F. F. H., & Siau, K. (2020, July). Covid-19 pandemic–role of technology in transforming business to the new normal. In  International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction  (pp. 585-600). Springer, Cham.

McKinsy Digital. (2020). How six companies are using technology and data to transform themselves. https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/how-six-companies-are-using-technology-and-data-to-transform-themselves

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Essay on Management Information System (MIS) | Business Management

Here is a compilation of essays on ‘Management Information System (MIS)’ for class 9, 10, 11 and 12. Find paragraphs, long and short essays on ‘Management Information System (MIS)’ especially written for school and college students.

Essay on Management Information System (MIS)

Essay Contents:

• Essay on the Applications of MIS

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Essay # 1. Meaning of Management Information System:

Management Information System is an all comprehensive information system which is primarily not concerned with the information generated by routine data processing operations, which are called structured information, because every step of processing has been laid out in detail and routine data is used to generate routine information at regular interval which are used by different departments for routine operations like paying salary and wages or preparing the cost sheets.

MIS is concerned with generation of non-structured information, whenever these are required. For example, suppose the company is proposing a major expansion for which people of special skill would be required. Having decided on the quality and quantity of the human resource for the proposed expansion, it is necessary to know how many existing employees could be used for this purpose and what training is required to be given to whom.

Even though the employee data base is stored in the computer, if the computer system in the organization has been geared for doing only routine data processing, it would be extremely difficult to get this information which is of vital nature. Hence, Management Information System is primarily concerned with how to get unstructured information for decision making.

Basically all MIS are driven by operational data processing, that is, its required information mostly come from the data already stored for day-to-day operations, but it is processed in a different manner to quickly generate the required information.

Essay # 2. Concept of Management Information System:

By Management Information System (MIS) we mean a system designed to supply information required for effective management of an organisation. Any organisation is managed by taking various decisions at the various levels of its management hierarchy. Information is needed to take these decisions.

Quality of decisions will largely depend upon the nature and type of information provided for taking the decisions. Therefore, designing of an effective information system is vital for the efficient working of an organisation. It can be built around electronic computers in case of a big organisation.

Management Information System is designed to supply information required for effective management of an organisation. Quality of decisions will largely depend on the nature and quality of information provided for making the decisions Thus, provision of an adequate information system is vital for the effective functioning of an organisation.

Essay # 3. Elements of MIS :

By now it should be clear what are the basic components of a Management Information System.

(i) Management:

The user or customer of the information.

(ii) Plant Personnel:

The activities of whom generate most of the data required to build up the database of the MIS.

(iii) The Computer Hardware:

Where the data base is stored and which is used for generating the required information.

(iv) The Computer Software:

Which processes the data from the database using the hardware to convert these to information.

(v) Computer Personnel:

The supplier, who provide the information to the management, Maintenance Function with the technical health of the plant and machinery, and so on.

Essay # 4. Objectives of Management Information System (MIS):

The common objectives of MIS are listed below:

1. To make the desired information available in the right form to the right person and at the right time.

2. To supply the required information at a reasonable cost.

3. To use the most efficient methods of processing data.

4. To provide necessary security and secrecy for important and/or confidential information.

5. To keep the information up-to-date.

Essay # 5. Functions of Management Information System:

Functions of an Information System can be broadly classified into following two groups:

(i) Data Collection

(ii) Data Management.

(i) Data Collection:

Who should collect what data and in what form and how often? The nature and the form of data will vary from organisation to organisation depending upon its objectives. The manner of data collection will depend upon the purpose for which data is collected. After collection of data, irrelevant data should be filtered out and the relevant data should be properly classified and tabulated so that it can be used easily when needed.

(ii) Data Management:

A good data management system must have the following characteristics:

(a) It should be efficient in respect of routine processing operations.

(b) It should be flexible.

(c) The retrieval of information in case of an enquiry should be efficiently accomplished.

Any data management system should be capable of giving efficient service in terms of day-to-day processing of information. With the changes in conditions, demand on the information system may change. It may be that same information may be needed in different format or different levels of aggregation may be needed. An efficient system should be able to quickly respond to these types of demand on the system.

Essay # 6. Five Categories of Report for MIS :

(i) schedule reports :.

The information which are generated at regular intervals like bank over­-draft position, sales achieved, age analysis of sundry debtors, payment commitments to be met in the coming week, etc.

(ii) Exception Reports :

These information are action oriented, that is, it calls for certain actions of corrective nature to ensure that the target profitability is achieved. The Variance Analysis report, which points out the variations from planned performance is one of this type. Again, this report would be in different form for different levels of management.

For the Operational Level, it will give the full details because at this stage corrective actions would be initiated. For higher levels of Management the report would get progressively condensed highlighting only the major variations, as for them, it is mainly for information and discussion for taking major remedial steps, if required, like replacing a machine.

(iii) Prediction Reports :

The information generated by these kind of reports are used for forecasting of future operations, like preparation of investment propos­als, operational budget, sales forecasting, etc.

(iv) Demand Reports :

These reports cater to the information required to solve a problem which has suddenly cropped up and are of totally unstructured type, depending on what the problem is.

(v) Hybrid Reports :

This involves both the factors of problems and exceptions.

(vi) Criteria of Information :

The category of reports broadly specified could be for any level of management and to make them relevant, we have to also classify them from the point of timing and detail, as shown below. It is to be remembered, as information is a resource, getting this resource involves expenditure of other resources, money being a major item.

Essay # 7. Role of Management Information System in Planning and Control:

It is of value in as much as it improves or facilitates the performance of the managerial functions. Information should help the management in the basic task of planning, decision-making, performance evaluation and the taking of remedial action. Therefore, it can be said that the prime purpose of developing an information system is to supplement corporate planning and control systems.

An MIS that is not tailored to the needs of the planning and control systems is meaningless. On the other hand, planning and control systems which are not served by an effective information system may be only of marginal utility.

The design of the MIS therefore should take into account the basic criterion of contributing to effective managerial planning and control systems. The importance of planning and control in the managerial context is self-evident. The MIS in turn derives its importance from the fact that it is the link pin of the planning and control functions.

In fact, it makes sense to think of the “information and control system” or the “information and planning system,” rather than of the “information system” in isolation.

Given this inseparable relationship between the information system on the one hand and the planning and control systems on the other, the relationship between the organisation structure and the planning and control systems becomes a relevant consideration for the designers of management information system.

Essay # 8. Designing of Management Information System (MIS):

Management Information System (MIS) is the linking mechanism which connects all decision-making centres in an organization. The development of an MIS should be a well thought-out process.

It should consist of the following steps:

(i) Planning of System:

Planning of Management Information System requires the identification of objectives of the system. This further requires a clear formulation of objectives of the organisation, spelling out of the activities required to be carried out, work relationship, work patterns and their sequence; and above all the defining of physical boundaries of the system. Thus, this step involves the description in generalised terms of the course of action and the limitations within which the system has to be designed.

(ii) Organising Flow of Information:

The system designer should study what is the prevailing flow of information and compare it with what should be flow of information. He should also study how this gap could be removed.

This study is based on the following premises:

(a)The critical deficiency under which most managers operate is the lack of relevant information.

(b) The manager needs the information he wants for decision-making.

(c) If a manager has the information he needs, the decision-making will improve.

(d) Better communication between managers will improve organisational performance.

(e) A manager does not have to understand how his information system works, only how to use it.

It should be noted that an information system working exclusively, i.e. in isolation of other organisational sub-systems, would lead to certain deficiencies. Hence the MIS should be imbedded in overall management control system.

The system designer has to take the decision in respect of the number of files to be maintained, the equipment to be used for processing of data such as manual, electronic or automatic processing, etc., the personnel to be employed for this purpose and the ways of processing and storing the information required on an exceptional basis.

Above all, a cost-benefit analysis of the system is essential.

(iii) Implementation:

It deals with the fitting in of MIS into the organisation structure.

The various alternatives available in this connection are:

(i) The old information flow may be allowed to continue as it is and new system may be installed to meet the requirements of the new operation;

(ii) The old system may be scrapped completely and supplanted by the new one; and

(iii) Phasing the installation of the new system and scrapping the old one.

It is important to appoint and train personnel for operating the MIS. The procedures for actual installation of the equipments to be used and development of the support facilities is yet another major decision area. Obtaining the printed formats and reports is the next task. The most difficult part of this phase is the amalgamation of the information system and the organisation structure.

The place of MIS unit in the organisation structure mainly decides the success or failure of the same. Keeping MIS as a part of some other function would mean that this unit will have to function within the framework of its supervising depart­ment. This might lead to a conflict of objectives and result in non-coordination.

Since the MIS is a function equally applicable to all the departments, the need for giving it a separate status is of paramount importance.

(iv) Feedback:

The feedback regarding the actual functioning of the Management Information System is a must for the designers to fill up the gap between its planning and implementation. The changes in the environment also need to be incorporated. If the MIS is not corrected for these deviations, it will lead to malfunctioning of the MIS.

Hence, the system should be continuously reviewed in the light of changes in the environment both within the organisation and outside the organisation. Necessary steps will have to be taken to modify the system in the wake of these changes.

Essay # 9. Impact of Computers on Management Information System (MIS):

“Computerised management systems created as great a revolution in management techniques in the twentieth century as the industrial revolution did in industrial techniques in the nineteenth century. These systems have brought management face to face with information processing technology.”

The management information concept is today intrinsically linked with Electronic Data Processing (EDP) because of its huge data processing capacity. The management information systems and EDP provide a middle ground for business managers as they become involved with computer systems and for systems analysts as they become increasingly concerned with complex management problems.

It is no exaggeration to state that the computer has probably contributed more to the current management development than has any other single entity. It has been indeed a catalyst agent for enlarging the scope of organisation and management theories and management techniques in almost all its segments.

The impact of computers on the practice of management shows the following trends:

(a) Computers can be applied to the routine operations of management such as record-keeping, making payrolls and inventory control.

(b) Computers have eliminated the computational barriers from complex management problems.

(c) Computers have increased the effectiveness of Management Information System (MIS).

Hence a computerised management information system has the potential to provide significant new dimensions to the practice of management. This potential cannot however be fully exploited until the manager and the systems analysts participate in establishing system objectives and system design.

Data Base Management System :

Data Base Management System (DBMS) software packages are useful in situations where in the same data are used by different persons for different purposes. For example, the data regarding sales orders may be required by the marketing department, financial department and production department. In such situations, inter-related data are properly organized and stored. Such a collection of inter­related data is called a data base.

DBMS packages provide facilities for creation of such data bases and their management.

Management of data bases involves the following activities:

(a) Creation of data base.

(b) Adding new data to the existing data base.

(c) Editing the records in the data base.

(d) Manipulating data in data base. Besides performing different calculations, it may involve rearranging the data in some desired order.

(e) Preparing reports using a selected section of the data base.

(f) Making queries from the data base regarding any particular set of data.

Essay # 10. Models of MIS:

Different models have been suggested by different experts, two of which are briefly discussed below:

Bowman’s Three-Stage Model :

This model three stages for successful MIS implementation:

Based on the long range corporate planning process, called Strategic Planning, the strategic Management Information System [MIS] Planning is undertaken to decide on what information the system should be able to provide in what manner. It starts with the needs of the Top Level of Management, which are identified first.

Assessing the total requirement of information need of the organization, both for strategic, tactical, and operational decision making, using the top-down approach. A large number of information are generated within the organization itself, which can meet many of the needs of the top level and middle level and so these are now identified, going to lower levels step by step to define these.

Committing resources to build up, maintain, and operate the Management Information System.

Earl’s 3-Level Model :

The three levels have been defined as:

1. Information System Strategy: ISS

2. Information Technology Strategy: ITS

3. Information Management Strategy: IMS

1. Information System Strategy :

The starting point, as before, is the overall business strategy, which with continuous reference to different levels, ultimately defines the total information requirement of the organization at various levels.

2. Information Technology Strategy :

At this stage attempt is made to evaluate and determine how the available computer technology and its anticipated future developments would be able to cater to the requirement defined at ISS level. It also takes into account the networking and other communication facilities.

Not only the hardware portion of the computer system, but the availability of relevant software with scope for modification are also-taken into consideration, to draw the IT Strategy to be followed.

3. Information Management Strategy :

The final level involves overall strategy which is concerned with planning in detail how the organization will manage its both information system and technology, to meet organizational need for information. It decides upon degree of centralization, the rules and regulations, authority, and funding of the total system development. It is a mixture of both the top-down and bottom-up approach. A provision for periodical auditing of the MIS is also provided.

Whatever be the model followed or strategy adopted for building up a Manage­ment Information System, total commitment from the top level of management is a must — lip service will not help.

Essay # 11. Sub-Systems of MIS :

Transaction processing:.

Transaction Processing — deals with sales orders, material receipts issues, remuneration payment, etc all the routine operations. Each deal between two persons or organizations constitute a transaction, be it buying or selling, receiving or giving materials or services.

Operational Control:

Operational Control – deals with planning and controlling of day to day operations, which generate the data which is processed under the sub-system known as Operational Control.

Management Control:

Management Control — this is synonymous with tactical planning, which uses more information than it generates.

Strategic Planning:

Strategic Planning – this is concerned with both internal and external information for the specific purpose of long time survival.

Decision Support System — DSS :

This can be termed as a specialized area of Management Information System which enables application of scientific management techniques of the discipline called Operations Research in decision making using the Information Technology System, which comprises the hardware of the computers backed by matching software system.

The advantage of applying mathematics in management decision making system takes care of uncertainties of future projections of performance in a systematic manner. For example, in case of major investment involving crores of rupees which is expected to provide benefit over next twenty years can not only be appraised beforehand but also execution planned by applying scientific techniques, for which a number of specialized softwares are also available, called Network Management Programs.

Again, the technique called Simulation can be applied to simulate a real life situation on computer with math­ematical models to understand what could be the impact if certain decisions are made.

A Decision Support System is:

1. Designed to deal with unstructured problems of strategic and technical nature, for which neither any ready solution is available nor it can be dealt in a routine manner, because previous experience with solving such kind of problems is not available.

2. Takes care of what-if situations. Before taking critical decisions with far reaching consequences, management often resorts to a technique, commonly called what-if technique, that is, what will happen if we do this or do that. In this exercise, various input parameters are systematically changed to see their impact on the output and then the most optimum choice is selected. The Lotus 1-2-3 software developed by Lotus Development Corporation and similar packages provide excellent facilities for this what-if techniques.

3. Provides ease of use, that is, it is user friendly. With present complexity in all disciplines, it may not be possible for everybody to be an expert in all areas. Hence, those systems which provide easily understandable answers are preferable and DSS, if properly designed, is supposed to do that.

4. Has fast response, managers do not have to wait for ages to get the information required for immediate decision making.

5. Provides graphical output. Once the drab statistics is presented in a graphical form with charts and pictures, immediately the message is clearly conveyed even to a lay man. Hence, graphical display facilities are a part of proper Decision Support System.

Executive Information System Executive Support System EIS / ESS :

As already discussed, the most critical area of decision making is the Top Management Level where strategic decision having great bearing on the future performance of the organization are made. Executive Information System or Executive Support System is aimed for strategic level of planning and decision making.

It has to provide all the features of DSS plus:

1. Alternative views of information

2. Access to external data

3. Performance indicator statistics

Non-company [external] Data :

Although, at tactical and operational levels, in-company information can serve most of the purpose, for decisions of strategic nature, it is essential to monitor the environment as the business organizations are not closed systems. Hence data must be collected from external sources in a systematic manner and the necessary information generated.

The kind of data required can come from different spheres and such data are related to:

1. Economic data:

What are the different policies under consideration by governments and international bodies, which can have an impact on the performance of the organization under consideration.

2. Competitor’s data:

How the competitors, local and global, are perform­ing, what new technologies are being developed, what pricing strategies are being followed, etc. are essential data for any organization.

3. Marketing data:

How the market segments are being created and shared, what marketing strategies are being adopted, etc.

4. Legal and political data

5. Environmental and Energy position.

Information Resource Management :

This is a management approach, which accepts that information is a vital resource for business, which when properly used can improve the business performance.

Expert System :

The discipline of Cybernetics have been developed to represent human movements, as far as possible, by electro-mechanical devices, which has given birth to Robots. The Expert System is a similar venture to represent decision making ability of a human expert by using a computer’s processing abilities, so that although the computer has no intelligence, it can be programmed to show some intelligence like human being, called Artificial Intelligence. This system is called Knowledge-based System.

To build an expert system in a specific area, say dispensing homeopathic medicine, computer professionals make extensive study of the way a Homeopath Doctor analyses the symptoms to conclude about the disease affecting the patient. Based on this analysis, processing rules are build up, which will try to follow the same logic as the doctor, from the same set of data, used by him, to arrive at the same decision.

Once the knowledge based system is developed and the knowledge of the expert is stored in the computer in the form of a database, the computer would be able to offer intelligent advice or take an intelligent decision about a particular subject. One of the desirable characteristics of the Expert System is that it will be able to justify its own line of reasoning in an understandable manner to the person who asks for it. This is then called Rule Based System.

However, this is an extremely complex process and calls for high level of expertise with lot of investment. Hence, an attempt can be made to develop an Expert System only if large number of people would use the system. Obviously, an Expert System can be build up if the logic applied by the expert can be translated into a hierarchy of rules.

Generally, this type of systems are attempted to be developed when decision making is quite complex. Unfortunately, there has not been any spectacular success in this area, as human mind is far far superior to a computer. Some elementary Expert System software are available.

As per an expert, if human intelligence is taken as 100, the intelligence level of a modern super-computer would be around 0.01, which is the intelligence level of a dragon fly.

Essay # 12. Deficiency of Early MIS :

1. Total lack of appropriate touch — there was no on-line, or real-time processing choices to get information quickly. The question of interconnecting computers of different offices of the same organization did not exist.

2. The then computer operations being highly complicated, the system was very much error prone, making large number of mistakes in the generated information.

3. It was more or less a static system, since to introduce any changes in the computer processing involved long time; highly insensitive to environmental changes.

4. There used to be large communication gap between the user departments and the computer personnel, who had a false sense of superiority and so was very much uncooperative. Moreover, the languages used by each was different from the other — computer professionals did not know what was debit or credit and the accountants did not know what was bit or byte.

Essay # 13. Requirements of a Successful MIS :

1. It should provide timely, relevant, accurate data to the management in a manner required by them.

2. It should be flexible enough to move with the changes in operation and environment.

3. It should have the reliability to ensure that decision based on the information generated by the system do not lead to disasters.

4. It should be a simple system to operate and maintain, not calling for high skill on the person of the users.

5. The system must be cost-effective. It should not be developed in such a way that the resources spent on developing it is much more than the benefits derived from it.

6. The system must be need based, fully catering to the needs of all the levels of management.

7. Must have a common database with a structure simple enough to the user from the logical point of view, that is how the user will see it.

8. The system must be secured enough to prevent unauthorized copying of vital information by anybody.

9. The system should have the capability of recovering from disasters caused by hardware or software failures.

10. The system should not be accessible to unauthorized persons in any manner, who can destroy the vital database.

11. The system should preferably be inter-connected so that senior execu­tives can directly interact with the database to generate their own infor­mation quickly.

Essay # 14. Configuration of MIS :

1. The Management Information System can be developed directly on the operational Data Processing System, by sharing the same database. In such a case there may be conflict at times because both the operational control system and management information system may try to access the same data base simulta­neously. But the advantage is that the MIS would always have the updated data captured by the operational system.

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Management Information Systems

Introduction.

I have always been a determined and industrious student. After completion of my high school level, I will join a higher learning institution to pursue a degree course. Even though I have a broad interest in many subjects, I feel greater attraction to the management information systems (MIS) degree. In modern organizations, system development is a key function. Similarly, an introductory course in Systems Analysis and Design remains an important component in MIS degree program. MIS combines the understanding of people, information, technology, and policies to make firms more responsive, well-organized, and successful. The center of attention includes how new technology affects business processes, decision-making, and shifts in companies and communities.

MIS is the study of technology, people, organization, and how they link among each other. A MIS graduate assists an organization in recognizing utmost benefit from investment personnel equipments and business processes. MIS is a people-oriented area, which places weights on services through technology. Technology has been my area of interest since I was young; I believe with a MIS degree, I will improve people lives through technology. The MIS program is made of three areas, namely key concept of Information Technology, Computer Hardware and Software, Project Management, Database Design, Information System, Programming, and Design, Telecommunication and Networking. Moreover, analysis and design require analytical, interpersonal, technical, and communication skills. I believe it is an excellent area of study in business analysis and managing transformations through projects.

Information systems are used at all levels of an organization to gather process and store information. Collectively management distributes this information in form required to perform business daily operations. In business everyone uses information system from one pays the bill to the decision maker. In reality, today business concentrates more on alignment of MIS with business objective to attain competitive advantage in the market.

The work of MIS professional is to create Information systems for data management such as analyzing and storing and as well manage various information systems to meet the needs for clients, staff and management. Since MIS professional interacts with all levels of a business, they play a significant role in fields such as information security and exchange.

Many people have misconception that MIS only concern programming or it is similar to Computer science. However, in MIS curriculum programming is a just a small part. Programming is just foundation concept but most career opportunity of a MIS degree do not utilize programming but largely focus on leadership, project management and team work. MIS degree differ with computer science in that, in computer science student take course that will assist them understand technology such as math’s and physics while MIS student take courses that will assist them understand challenges like accounting and marketing. Computer science focus on technology itself while MIS focus on business application

Students selecting the MIS pathway attend a four-year course in higher learning institution after graduating from high school. The coursework requires one to undertake project management, business process analysis, and managing information and technology for business growth. MIS is an excellent match and catalyst to other concentrations, such as Web-Enabled Business, Business Intelligence, Data Management, and IS Audit.

The coursework, especially the research aspect, has enhanced my skills in collecting and exploring data in order to establish trends and draw conclusions. Moreover, my course has enabled me to advance my capacity to communicate my thoughts explicitly and concisely. My friends frequently meet in the village tavern to compete in quizzes and play football. I enjoy playing football and I am considered the best kicker; hence, I plan to join the football club when I will be a student.

Additionally, one of my friends is pursuing MIS at a local university. Lately, he invited me to their institution. During this tour, my desire of joining campus was strengthened. I was motivated to join them. Since I believe in myself, for sure, I am going to take all the chances the campus will provide to broaden my knowledge on the business field and join clubs and societies.

I read a newspaper article last week only to find that many graduates are jobless, and those who are lucky to find a job are working part-time or are poorly paid. Many people are of the view that many students who major in technology, science, engineering, and mathematics are in a better position when it comes to the labor market. However, I beg to differ because in the past few years the demand for MIS skills has tremendously increased. Projections are extremely strong with MIS graduates dominating the top job roles in the future. In this era, the increased needs for higher-level innovation occupations have been apparent. The usage of web, communication, and database technologies have matured and rapidly extended throughout every area of business practices. The new technologies are being employed innovatively and expansively. Consequently, MIS occupations have expanded, but in a different manner than before because they currently require people skills instead of technical skills. MIS programs are presently opting business analysts than programmers.

As a business analyst, a graduate is in a position to make information technology available to more users and solve many business challenges. A graduate can identify users and consumers setbacks and translate their needs into a technology solution. The analyst provides a key link. The services for MIS are not subject to outsourcing since the analyst has to be rooted to the firm in order to be familiar with business users, their wants, and draw and execute the solution within the walls of the firm’s technology infrastructure. Many of MIS graduates become project managers taking the responsibility of the entire technological projects. Apart from Project Manager, other typical career options for MIS professionals are IT Consultant, Web Developer, Information Systems Manager, Business Intelligence Analyst, Network Administrator, Business Application Developer, Systems Analyst, Technical Support Specialist, Business Analyst, and Systems Developer. I choose to major in MIS profession because of Job satisfaction, High placement rate, High salaries, Exciting field, Challenging field, Hands-on problem solving, Innovation and creativity, Global opportunities, Great chance for advancement, and one can have an impact.

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Management Information Systems, Application Essay Example

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Describe the use of personalization and customization in e-commerce. What business value do these techniques have?

The websites in the internet are specifically designed to get the attention of the ‘passer-by’ or the ones who browse the web. Relatively, such activity is noted in ecommerce as one of the most efficient way of reaching out to the right people at the right time. Accidental as some visits are, every individual who tend to check what a particular website offers is as important as properly directed visitors in the site. The reason for this is that every individual who visits the website is considered a prospective client who could appreciate both the products and services that the organization offers. However, getting the attention of visitors does not mean that the business is actually going to be able to make sales. Only through retaining the attention of the visitor and convincing them that what the organization offers is what they need, would the visit actually become a valid point of sales. This is an important aspect of business operation in relation to the principles of developing e-commerce directed businesses.

This is the reason why the aspect of personalization and customization is considered to be an effective matter to note especially in relation to strengthening the competitive stance of the business in the field of internet-defined operations. Personalization and customization naturally involves the process of pointing out who the clients are, what they want and how such wants could be given attention to so as to make sure that the right clients would be given the chance to try what the business provides the market with. For instance, if the business is dedicated to serving both genders in the market, but with separately different products, the website that they post in the internet should be sectioned. The products that are offered to women ought to be presented in pages that reflect more feminine colors and feminine figures such as flowers or other elements that relate to women. On the other hand, those products that showcase the ones for men ought to be shown under images and colors that appeal to men as well. These approaches of personalization could be gained through customizing the web-programming language used to create the overall presentation of the website. This means that it is important for the business operators to make sure that their websites are properly hosted, customized as needed which involves direct distinction on how the website appears apart from others. This is the way e-commerce thrives in the industry of international business direction especially in connection with the desire of targeting the right sectors of the market.

These approaches to handling e-commerce operations specifically increase the ways by which the organizations give attention to the needs and desires of their clients. Pinpointing the specific attitude and behavior of their target market, the business operators are able to find several ways to affect the way they create an appeal to the thinking of their prospective buyers. Designing the website that could actually showcase the products while also making a responsive appeal on the visitors of the site would better define the foundation of the business thus strengthening their stance in the face of competition.

In a world of different opportunities especially involving the internet, business operators are faced with the challenge of making the best of what the web offers. Since these organizations are operating online, whereas most of them do not have physical shops offline, they have to do all that they can to make sure that they are able to attract the attention of the correct individuals to assure that every visit in the site could actually be turned into successful sales, thus generating profit for the organization. Having this matter in mind, personalization and customization does impose a lot in increasing the competitive points of organizations even when they are operating solely online through the options of e-commerce.

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• School of Management >
• Faculty/Research >
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• Management Science and Systems >
• Faculty >

Assistant Professor Management Science and Systems

PhD, University of California, Irvine MS, ESSEC Business School and CentraleSupelec, Paris, France BA, University of California, Irvine

• Technology and innovation management

Research Interests

• Digital platforms
• Machine learning
• Artificial intelligence

Publications

Do Sellers Benefit from Sponsored Product Listings? Evidence from an Online Marketplace , with Mingyu (Max) Joo and Vibhanshu Abhishek. Marketing Science , Vol.43, No. 4, 2024, pp. 817–839.

• Winner, ISMS Doctoral Dissertation Early-Stage Research Grant, 2022

Multi-View Collaborative Network Embedding , with Sezin Kircali Ata, Yuan Fang, MinWu, Chee Keong Kwoh, and Xiaoli Li. ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data (TKDD) 15.3 (2021): 1-18

Metagraph-Based Learning on Heterogeneous Graphs , with Yuan Fang, Wenqing Lin, Vincent W. Zheng, Min Wu, Kevin Chen-Chuan Chang, and Xiaoli Li. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering , 33, no. 1 (2019): 154-168.

Working Papers

Consumer Aversion to Price Volatility: Implications to Airbnb’s Algorithmic Pricing, with Jinan Lin, Tingting Nian, and Mingyu (Max) Joo. Target: Information System Research

• INFORMS ISS Cluster Best Paper Award Shortlist, 2023

Contact Information

Jiaqi Shi Assistant Professor Management Science and Systems School of Management University at Buffalo 325N Jacobs Management Center Buffalo, NY 14260-4000

Tel: 716-645-5482 [email protected]

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Ai-driven innovations in building energy management systems: a review of potential applications and energy savings.

1. Introduction

• Deployment of High-Capacity Communication Networks: to facilitate smart homes and well-connected communities.
• Targeted Incentives: to promote smart-ready systems and digital solutions in the built environment.
• Use of Digital Technologies: for the analysis, simulation, and management of buildings.
• Smart-Readiness Indicator: to measure the capacity of buildings, to use information and communication technologies and electronic systems, and to adapt their operation to the needs of occupants and the grid.
• Building Automation and Electronic Monitoring: to improve the energy efficiency and overall performance of buildings and to provide confidence to occupants about actual savings.
• National Databases for Energy Performance: to collect data on the energy performance of buildings and transfer this information to the EU Building Stock Observatory.

1.1. AI Applications

1.2. related reviews, 2. methodology, search strategy.

• Recent publication: publications not older than five years (2019–2024).
• Language: any.
• Publication type: journal articles, conference papers, and books.
• Geographic coverage: worldwide.
• RMSE is a widely used metric for measuring the differences between values predicted by a model and values that are observed. It is sensitive to large errors, providing a clear picture of the model’s performance [ 29 ]. RMSE is expressed in the same units as the dependent variable (e.g., kWh or kWh/m 2 for energy consumption). It can also be expressed in many other units across different fields, including temperature in °C (Celsius), °F (Fahrenheit), or K (Kelvin), pressure in Pa (Pascals) or bars, and concentration in ppm (parts per million) or μg/m 3 (micrograms per cubic meter) [ 29 ].
• MSE is similar to RMSE but does not involve taking square roots. It averages the squares of the errors, emphasizing larger errors more than smaller ones. MSE measures the average magnitude of errors in a set of predictions without considering their direction. It provides a straightforward interpretation of error magnitude [ 29 ]. It is expressed in squared units of the dependent variable (e.g., (kWh) 2 or (kWh/m 2 ) as well as many other units in different fields [ 29 ].
• MAPE expresses accuracy as a percentage, making it unit-free [ 30 ]. It is useful for comparing model performance across different buildings or energy systems with varying energy consumption scales and communicating results to non-technical stakeholders, as percentages are easily understood [ 30 ].
• R 2 indicates how well the model’s predictions match the actual data, with values closer to 1.0 indicating a better pair [ 31 ]. R 2 allows for an easy comparison between different AI models. By comparing R 2 values of models with different input features, researchers can assess which building characteristics or environmental factors have the most significant impact on energy consumption predictions [ 31 ].

3.1. Energy Consumption Forecasting

3.2. load forecasting, 3.3. hvac control and optimization, 3.4. occupant detection, 3.5. other areas of application, 4. discussion, 4.1. estimation of ai model reliability, 4.2. limitations, 5. conclusions.

• The use of AI models in BEMS for energy consumption forecasting, HVAC control and optimization, occupancy detection, and the prediction of indoor climate parameters is a valuable contribution to building energy efficiency, additional energy savings, cost reductions, and thermal improvements.
• The highest energy savings potential of up to 37% can be found in offices, smaller savings of up to 23% can be found in residential buildings, and savings of 21% can be found in educational buildings when DRL-based models are used to optimize HVAC control strategies and balance the trade-offs between indoor comfort and energy consumption, compared to baseline rule-based methods.
• AI models, particularly deep learning architectures like DNNs, CNNs, and hybrid models, are highly effective in predicting energy consumption, with R 2 values frequently exceeding 0.9, indicating high accuracy. The most common application area is energy consumption forecasting, with residential buildings being a predominant focus.

Author Contributions

Data availability statement, conflicts of interest, abbreviations.

Appendix A. AI Models Used for Different Applications

Appendix B. Accuracy of AI Models Used for Different Applications

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Ali, D.M.T.E.; Motuzienė, V.; Džiugaitė-Tumėnienė, R. AI-Driven Innovations in Building Energy Management Systems: A Review of Potential Applications and Energy Savings. Energies 2024 , 17 , 4277. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17174277

Ali DMTE, Motuzienė V, Džiugaitė-Tumėnienė R. AI-Driven Innovations in Building Energy Management Systems: A Review of Potential Applications and Energy Savings. Energies . 2024; 17(17):4277. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17174277

Ali, Dalia Mohammed Talat Ebrahim, Violeta Motuzienė, and Rasa Džiugaitė-Tumėnienė. 2024. "AI-Driven Innovations in Building Energy Management Systems: A Review of Potential Applications and Energy Savings" Energies 17, no. 17: 4277. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17174277

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What is Campus Culture? And How School Management Systems Can Help

• Date: 28 August 2024

What comes to mind when you think of the word “culture”? It might evoke images of art, music, or traditions. But when we talk about campus culture in colleges, we’re referring to something equally rich and impactful. Campus culture encompasses the values, traditions, behaviors, and shared goals that define the college experience.

So, why should we care about campus culture? Simply put, a positive campus culture can make or break a student’s college experience. When students feel connected to their college’s values and community, they’re more likely to excel academically, stay engaged, and participate in campus activities. It creates a sense of belonging and motivates everyone to contribute to a vibrant, supportive environment.

But building and maintaining this kind of culture isn’t always easy. We will show you how to use your School Management System (SMS) to tackle these challenges effectively. With the right strategies and technology in place, you can create an environment where everyone feels valued and motivated to contribute.

What is Campus Culture?

Let’s start by getting into the heart of what campus culture really is. Campus culture encompasses the collective values, traditions, behaviors, and shared goals that shape the college experience. It’s the atmosphere and environment created by the interactions and relationships among students, faculty, and staff. This culture influences how individuals engage with their surroundings and each other, contributing to a sense of belonging and community.

Here are some key elements that contribute to campus culture:

• Academic Ethos : The common commitment to scholarly excellence and intellectual curiosity that guides the educational environment.
• Social Interactions : The way people connect, communicate, and build relationships within the campus community, shaping everyday experiences.
• Diversity : The variety of backgrounds, perspectives, and experiences that enrich the campus environment and foster a broader worldview.
• Inclusivity : The active efforts to ensure that all individuals feel welcome, respected, and valued, regardless of their differences.
• Extracurricular Activities : The range of clubs, organizations, and events that allow students to pursue interests, develop skills, and engage with peers.
• Community Engagement : The involvement in activities and initiatives that extend the college’s impact and connect students with broader societal issues.

How School Management Systems Can Enhance Campus Culture

Although campus culture may seem like a far-fetched concept, School Management Systems can play a pivotal role in shaping and enhancing it. These systems are more than just administrative tools; they are powerful platforms that can help colleges build a thriving, cohesive community.

One of the main benefits of school management systems is their ability to streamline communication across the entire campus. With everything centralized in one platform, students, faculty, and staff can easily stay informed about events, announcements, and updates. This seamless communication fosters a stronger sense of community and ensures everyone is on the same page.

Moreover, these systems support collaboration by providing tools that facilitate group work, discussions, and project management. By enhancing how people work together, SMS help break down silos and encourage a more collaborative culture. Whether organizing study groups, coordinating extracurricular activities, or planning campus-wide events, these tools make it easier for everyone to contribute and participate.

Additionally, SMS is instrumental in supporting cultural initiatives. They allow institutions to track and promote cultural events, diversity programs, and inclusion efforts. With data-driven insights, colleges can measure the impact of these initiatives and make informed decisions to continually improve campus culture.

Building Inclusivity: Leveraging SMS for Cultural Integration

Creating a welcoming and inclusive campus environment ensures every student feels at home. School Management Systems are fantastic allies in this mission, offering tools that help colleges integrate diverse perspectives and build a strong sense of community.

• SMS platforms make it easy to set up and promote diversity programs. Imagine using your system to roll out workshops on cultural awareness or start mentorship programs that connect students from different backgrounds.
• Inclusivity thrives on listening and adapting. SMS systems often come with built-in feedback tools like surveys and suggestion boxes. You can use these to collect input from students about their experiences and what they need to feel more included. For example, if students express concerns about campus facilities, you can address these issues promptly and effectively.
• Bringing people together through events is a great way to celebrate diversity. SMS platforms can help you organize and promote cultural festivals or discussion panels. By making event planning and communication seamless.

Measuring Campus Culture: Analytics and Feedback

Here’s a step-by-step guide on how you can use feedback and analytics from your SMS to assess and enhance your campus culture:

• Start by collecting feedback from students, faculty, and staff through the SMS’s built-in survey tools or suggestion boxes. Ask targeted questions about their experiences, perceptions of inclusivity, and overall satisfaction with campus life.
• Once you have the feedback, dive into the analytics provided by your SMS. Look for patterns and trends in the responses. Are there common themes or areas where people feel disconnected? This data will help you identify both strengths and areas for improvement in your campus culture.
• Based on your analysis, set specific, actionable goals. For example, if feedback indicates a lack of engagement in campus events, aim to increase participation by introducing more diverse and inclusive activities.
• Use the insights from your data to make informed decisions and implement changes. This might involve adjusting event formats, enhancing communication strategies, or introducing new diversity initiatives.
• Continue to use your SMS to track the impact of these changes. Collect follow-up feedback to see if improvements are being made and if the campus culture is shifting in the desired direction.
• Campus culture is dynamic, so regularly review your feedback and analytics to refine your strategies. This iterative process ensures that you’re always working towards a more inclusive and positive environment.

Classter SMS Builds Campus Culture

By spanning over 40+ countries and winning over 15 industry awards, Classter understands what goes into creating a vibrant and functional campus culture in colleges. Our School Management System (SMS) is designed to streamline operations and actively contribute to a thriving educational community.

Classter’s integrated tools ensure smooth, consistent dialogue between teachers, students, and parents. This transparency and connection help build a collaborative community focused on shared goals and student growth. Our advanced reporting capabilities allow schools to make data-driven decisions that enhance their campus culture. By analyzing feedback and performance data, schools can identify trends, measure the impact of cultural initiatives, and continuously improve their strategies. Classter SMS is built for modern colleges of all sizes.

Ready to transform your school environment? Discover how Classter can help you create a thriving educational community. Get started today!

FAQ’s

Campus culture refers to the collective values, traditions, behaviors, and goals that shape the college experience. It’s crucial because it influences student engagement, academic performance, and overall satisfaction, creating a sense of belonging and community.

School management systems enhance campus culture by streamlining communication, supporting collaboration, and tracking cultural initiatives. They provide tools for real-time updates, feedback collection, and event management, helping to build a cohesive and engaged community.

Classter supports campus culture through real-time academic tracking, integrated communication tools, and advanced reporting. It enhances connectivity between all campus members and provides valuable insights to continually improve the campus environment.

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Thermodynamic Modelling of Air Management System for Commercial Aircraft Environmental Control Systems

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Spurthy, S, Joksimović, A, Carbonneau, X, Rebholz, S, & Tong-Yette, F. "Thermodynamic Modelling of Air Management System for Commercial Aircraft Environmental Control Systems." Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2024: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition . Volume 1: Aircraft Engine . London, United Kingdom. June 24–28, 2024. V001T01A010. ASME. https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2024-122353

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For a short-medium-range aircraft at cruise, the Environmental Control System (ECS) consumes about 75% of the total extracted engine bleed air on average. The Air Management System (AMS) of the ECS significantly reduces the bleed air pressure and temperature to meet the inlet requirements of the Pressurized Air Conditioning Kit (PACK). This paper aims to understand the impact of the conventional AMS on the engine performance and proposes an alternative AMS architecture for effective utilization of the bleed off-take pressure and temperature. Subsequently, a steady-state 0D thermodynamic analysis of the conventional and alternative AMS architectures is carried out using PROOSIS™ software, to study their impact on engine performance for different mission phases. Based on this preliminary thermodynamic analysis the alternative AMS shows a potential improvement of the engine performance mainly in terms of the TSFC, up to 0.7% across different mission phases.

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NeurIPS 2024 Datasets and Benchmarks Track

If you'd like to become a reviewer for the track, or recommend someone, please use this form .

The Datasets and Benchmarks track serves as a venue for high-quality publications, talks, and posters on highly valuable machine learning datasets and benchmarks, as well as a forum for discussions on how to improve dataset development. Datasets and benchmarks are crucial for the development of machine learning methods, but also require their own publishing and reviewing guidelines. For instance, datasets can often not be reviewed in a double-blind fashion, and hence full anonymization will not be required. On the other hand, they do require additional specific checks, such as a proper description of how the data was collected, whether they show intrinsic bias, and whether they will remain accessible. The Datasets and Benchmarks track is proud to support the open source movement by encouraging submissions of open-source libraries and tools that enable or accelerate ML research.

The previous editions of the Datasets and Benchmarks track were highly successful; you can view the accepted papers from 2021 , 2002 , and 2023 , and the winners of the best paper awards 2021 , 2022 and 2023

CRITERIA. W e are aiming for an equally stringent review as the main conference, yet better suited to datasets and benchmarks. Submissions to this track will be reviewed according to a set of criteria and best practices specifically designed for datasets and benchmarks , as described below. A key criterion is accessibility: datasets should be available and accessible , i.e. the data can be found and obtained without a personal request to the PI, and any required code should be open source. We encourage the authors to use Croissant format ( https://mlcommons.org/working-groups/data/croissant/ ) to document their datasets in machine readable way.   Next to a scientific paper, authors should also submit supplementary materials such as detail on how the data was collected and organised, what kind of information it contains, how it should be used ethically and responsibly, as well as how it will be made available and maintained.

RELATIONSHIP TO NeurIPS.  Submissions to the track will be part of the main NeurIPS conference , presented alongside the main conference papers. Accepted papers will be officially published in the NeurIPS proceedings .

SUBMISSIONS.  There will be one deadline this year. It is also still possible to submit datasets and benchmarks to the main conference (under the usual review process), but dual submission to both is not allowed (unless you retracted your paper from the main conference). We also cannot transfer papers from the main track to the D&B track. Authors can choose to submit either single-blind or double-blind . If it is possible to properly review the submission double-blind, i.e., reviewers do not need access to non-anonymous repositories to review the work, then authors can also choose to submit the work anonymously. Papers will not be publicly visible during the review process. Only accepted papers will become visible afterward. The reviews themselves are not visible during the review phase but will be published after decisions have been made. The datasets themselves should be accessible to reviewers but can be publicly released at a later date (see below). New authors cannot be added after the abstract deadline and they should have an OpenReview profile by the paper deadline. NeurIPS does not tolerate any collusion whereby authors secretly cooperate with reviewers, ACs or SACs to obtain favourable reviews.

SCOPE. This track welcomes all work on data-centric machine learning research (DMLR) and open-source libraries and tools that enable or accelerate ML research, covering ML datasets and benchmarks as well as algorithms, tools, methods, and analyses for working with ML data. This includes but is not limited to:

• New datasets, or carefully and thoughtfully designed (collections of) datasets based on previously available data.
• Data generators and reinforcement learning environments.
• Data-centric AI methods and tools, e.g. to measure and improve data quality or utility, or studies in data-centric AI that bring important new insight.
• Advanced practices in data collection and curation that are of general interest even if the data itself cannot be shared.
• Frameworks for responsible dataset development, audits of existing datasets, identifying significant problems with existing datasets and their use
• Benchmarks on new or existing datasets, as well as benchmarking tools.
• In-depth analyses of machine learning challenges and competitions (by organisers and/or participants) that yield important new insight.
• Systematic analyses of existing systems on novel datasets yielding important new insight.

Read our original blog post for more about why we started this track.

Important dates

• Abstract submission deadline: May 29, 2024
• Full paper submission and co-author registration deadline: Jun 5, 2024
• Supplementary materials submission deadline: Jun 12, 2024
• Review deadline - Jul 24, 2024
• Release of reviews and start of Author discussions on OpenReview: Aug 07, 2024
• Rebuttal deadline - Aug 16, 2024
• End of author/reviewer discussions on OpenReview: Aug 31, 2024
• Author notification: Sep 26, 2024
• Camera-ready deadline: Oct 30, 2024 AOE

Note: The site will start accepting submissions on April 1 5 , 2024.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

Q: My work is in scope for this track but possibly also for the main conference. Where should I submit it?

A: This is ultimately your choice. Consider the main contribution of the submission and how it should be reviewed. If the main contribution is a new dataset, benchmark, or other work that falls into the scope of the track (see above), then it is ideally reviewed accordingly. As discussed in our blog post, the reviewing procedures of the main conference are focused on algorithmic advances, analysis, and applications, while the reviewing in this track is equally stringent but designed to properly assess datasets and benchmarks. Other, more practical considerations are that this track allows single-blind reviewing (since anonymization is often impossible for hosted datasets) and intended audience, i.e., make your work more visible for people looking for datasets and benchmarks.

Q: How will paper accepted to this track be cited?

A: Accepted papers will appear as part of the official NeurIPS proceedings.

Q: Do I need to submit an abstract beforehand?

A: Yes, please check the important dates section for more information.

Q: My dataset requires open credentialized access. Can I submit to this track?

A: This will be possible on the condition that a credentialization is necessary for the public good (e.g. because of ethically sensitive medical data), and that an established credentialization procedure is in place that is 1) open to a large section of the public, 2) provides rapid response and access to the data, and 3) is guaranteed to be maintained for many years. A good example here is PhysioNet Credentialing, where users must first understand how to handle data with human subjects, yet is open to anyone who has learned and agrees with the rules. This should be seen as an exceptional measure, and NOT as a way to limit access to data for other reasons (e.g. to shield data behind a Data Transfer Agreement). Misuse would be grounds for desk rejection. During submission, you can indicate that your dataset involves open credentialized access, in which case the necessity, openness, and efficiency of the credentialization process itself will also be checked.

SUBMISSION INSTRUCTIONS

A submission consists of:

• Please carefully follow the Latex template for this track when preparing proposals. We follow the NeurIPS format, but with the appropriate headings, and without hiding the names of the authors. Download the template as a bundle here .
• Papers should be submitted via OpenReview
• Reviewing is in principle single-blind, hence the paper should not be anonymized. In cases where the work can be reviewed equally well anonymously, anonymous submission is also allowed.
• During submission, you can add a public link to the dataset or benchmark data. If the dataset can only be released later, you must include instructions for reviewers on how to access the dataset. This can only be done after the first submission by sending an official note to the reviewers in OpenReview. We highly recommend making the dataset publicly available immediately or before the start of the NeurIPS conference. In select cases, requiring solid motivation, the release date can be stretched up to a year after the submission deadline.
• Dataset documentation and intended uses. Recommended documentation frameworks include datasheets for datasets , dataset nutrition labels , data statements for NLP , data cards , and accountability frameworks .
• URL to website/platform where the dataset/benchmark can be viewed and downloaded by the reviewers. 
• URL to Croissant metadata record documenting the dataset/benchmark available for viewing and downloading by the reviewers. You can create your Croissant metadata using e.g. the Python library available here: https://github.com/mlcommons/croissant
• Author statement that they bear all responsibility in case of violation of rights, etc., and confirmation of the data license.
• Hosting, licensing, and maintenance plan. The choice of hosting platform is yours, as long as you ensure access to the data (possibly through a curated interface) and will provide the necessary maintenance.
• Links to access the dataset and its metadata. This can be hidden upon submission if the dataset is not yet publicly available but must be added in the camera-ready version. In select cases, e.g when the data can only be released at a later date, this can be added afterward (up to a year after the submission deadline). Simulation environments should link to open source code repositories
• The dataset itself should ideally use an open and widely used data format. Provide a detailed explanation on how the dataset can be read. For simulation environments, use existing frameworks or explain how they can be used.
• Long-term preservation: It must be clear that the dataset will be available for a long time, either by uploading to a data repository or by explaining how the authors themselves will ensure this
• Explicit license: Authors must choose a license, ideally a CC license for datasets, or an open source license for code (e.g. RL environments). An overview of licenses can be found here: https://paperswithcode.com/datasets/license
• Add structured metadata to a dataset's meta-data page using Web standards (like schema.org and DCAT ): This allows it to be discovered and organized by anyone. A guide can be found here: https://developers.google.com/search/docs/data-types/dataset . If you use an existing data repository, this is often done automatically.
• Highly recommended: a persistent dereferenceable identifier (e.g. a DOI  minted by a data repository or a prefix on identifiers.org ) for datasets, or a code repository (e.g. GitHub, GitLab,...) for code. If this is not possible or useful, please explain why.
• For benchmarks, the supplementary materials must ensure that all results are easily reproducible. Where possible, use a reproducibility framework such as the ML reproducibility checklist , or otherwise guarantee that all results can be easily reproduced, i.e. all necessary datasets, code, and evaluation procedures must be accessible and documented.
• For papers introducing best practices in creating or curating datasets and benchmarks, the above supplementary materials are not required.
• For papers resubmitted after being retracted from another venue: a brief discussion on the main concerns raised by previous reviewers and how you addressed them. You do not need to share the original reviews.
• For the dual submission and archiving, the policy follows the NeurIPS main track paper guideline .

Use of Large Language Models (LLMs): We welcome authors to use any tool that is suitable for preparing high-quality papers and research. However, we ask authors to keep in mind two important criteria. First, we expect papers to fully describe their methodology, and any tool that is important to that methodology, including the use of LLMs, should be described also. For example, authors should mention tools (including LLMs) that were used for data processing or filtering, visualization, facilitating or running experiments, and proving theorems. It may also be advisable to describe the use of LLMs in implementing the method (if this corresponds to an important, original, or non-standard component of the approach). Second, authors are responsible for the entire content of the paper, including all text and figures, so while authors are welcome to use any tool they wish for writing the paper, they must ensure that all text is correct and original.

REVIEWING AND SELECTION PROCESS

Reviewing will be single-blind, although authors can also submit anonymously if the submission allows that. A datasets and benchmarks program committee will be formed, consisting of experts on machine learning, dataset curation, and ethics. We will ensure diversity in the program committee, both in terms of background as well as technical expertise (e.g., data, ML, data ethics, social science expertise). Each paper will be reviewed by the members of the committee. In select cases where ethical concerns are flagged by reviewers, an ethics review may be performed as well.

Papers will not be publicly visible during the review process. Only accepted papers will become visible afterward. The reviews themselves are also not visible during the review phase but will be published after decisions have been made. Authors can choose to keep the datasets themselves hidden until a later release date, as long as reviewers have access.

The factors that will be considered when evaluating papers include:

• Utility and quality of the submission: Impact, originality, novelty, relevance to the NeurIPS community will all be considered. 
• Reproducibility: All submissions should be accompanied by sufficient information to reproduce the results described i.e. all necessary datasets, code, and evaluation procedures must be accessible and documented. We encourage the use of a reproducibility framework such as the ML reproducibility checklist to guarantee that all results can be easily reproduced. Benchmark submissions in particular should take care to ensure sufficient details are provided to ensure reproducibility. If submissions include code, please refer to the NeurIPS code submission guidelines .  
• Was code provided (e.g. in the supplementary material)? If provided, did you look at the code? Did you consider it useful in guiding your review? If not provided, did you wish code had been available?
• Ethics: Any ethical implications of the work should be addressed. Authors should rely on NeurIPS ethics guidelines as guidance for understanding ethical concerns.  
• Completeness of the relevant documentation: Per NeurIPS ethics guidelines , datasets must be accompanied by documentation communicating the details of the dataset as part of their submissions via structured templates (e.g. TODO). Sufficient detail must be provided on how the data was collected and organized, what kind of information it contains,  ethically and responsibly, and how it will be made available and maintained. 
• Licensing and access: Per NeurIPS ethics guidelines , authors should provide licenses for any datasets released. These should consider the intended use and limitations of the dataset, and develop licenses and terms of use to prevent misuse or inappropriate use.  
• Consent and privacy: Per  NeurIPS ethics guidelines , datasets should minimize the exposure of any personally identifiable information, unless informed consent from those individuals is provided to do so. Any paper that chooses to create a dataset with real data of real people should ask for the explicit consent of participants, or explain why they were unable to do so.
• Ethics and responsible use: Any ethical implications of new datasets should be addressed and guidelines for responsible use should be provided where appropriate. Note that, if your submission includes publicly available datasets (e.g. as part of a larger benchmark), you should also check these datasets for ethical issues. You remain responsible for the ethical implications of including existing datasets or other data sources in your work.
• Legal compliance: For datasets, authors should ensure awareness and compliance with regional legal requirements.

ADVISORY COMMITTEE

The following committee will provide advice on the organization of the track over the coming years: Sergio Escalera, Isabelle Guyon, Neil Lawrence, Dina Machuve, Olga Russakovsky, Joaquin Vanschoren, Serena Yeung.

DATASETS AND BENCHMARKS CHAIRS

Lora Aroyo, Google Francesco Locatello, Institute of Science and Technology Austria Lingjuan Lyu, Sony AI

Contact: [email protected]

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Information Technology Laboratory

National vulnerability database.

• Vulnerabilities

CVE-2024-42784 Detail A SQL injection vulnerability in "/music/controller.php?page=view_music" in Kashipara Music Management System v1.0 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the "id" parameter.    NVD  NVD     CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H   CISA-ADP     CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H -->  NVD   --> By selecting these links, you will be leaving NIST webspace. We have provided these links to other web sites because they may have information that would be of interest to you. No inferences should be drawn on account of other sites being referenced, or not, from this page. There may be other web sites that are more appropriate for your purpose. NIST does not necessarily endorse the views expressed, or concur with the facts presented on these sites. Further, NIST does not endorse any commercial products that may be mentioned on these sites. Please address comments about this page to . Hyperlink Resource Exploit  Third Party Advisory  Product  Weakness Enumeration CWE-ID CWE Name Source Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') CISA-ADP   Known Affected Software Configurations Switch to CPE 2.2 Cpes loading, please wait.. Denotes Vulnerable Software Are we missing a CPE here? Please let us know . Change History Initial analysis by nist 8/26/2024 10:57:36 am. Action Type Old Value New Value Added CPE Configuration Added CVSS V3.1 Added CWE Changed Reference Type Changed Reference Type CVE Modified by CISA-ADP 8/22/2024 10:35:12 AM Action Type Old Value New Value Added CVSS V3.1 Added CWE New CVE Received by NIST 8/21/2024 2:15:10 PM Action Type Old Value New Value Added Description Added Reference Added Reference Management Information Systems in Organizational Performance Essay To find inspiration for your paper and overcome writer’s block As a source of information (ensure proper referencing) As a template for you assignment An information system is made up of hardware/machinery, software, users, data, and the processes needed by the users to produce useable information (Gaines et al 3). It also includes procedures used to store and retrieve information. Information systems can be classified into management information systems, transaction processing systems, office information systems, expert information systems, and decision support information systems. Usually, organisations combine two or more information systems to meet their needs. Combination can significantly improve the performance of an organisation. This paper will identify and discuss information systems that exist in an organisation I am currently dealing with. The organisation uses an integrated information system. Major components of the system are management information system (MIS) and transaction processing system (TPS). Office information system also plays a role in the integrated information system. However, the transaction processing system is more important to the organisation. The system helps the organisation to run smoothly. The various components of the system play different roles. However, they all contribute to desirable effects like better customer satisfaction, improved efficiency, and cost effectiveness. The transaction processing system helps the organisation to document all the transactions in real time. They particularly aid the organisation in the generation of invoices, inventory records, receipts, and order requests. All transactions and their specific details are captured by the system. The information generated is used both at the time of generation and later on during decision making. The management information system component enables management to monitor organizational activities and put the requisite input at the right time. Information that is generated by the system can be accessed by other members of staff who do not have to be physically present at the point of data generation. This improves the flow of information through the organisation. It also safeguards against introduction of errors by subsequent data handlers. The information system has enabled the organisation to solve problems like inappropriate use of time, increased expenditure, and customer dissatisfaction. Time-saving activities are important to both the organisation and the customers. Customers often give negative reviews if they are not attended to on time. Information systems are used by organisations to support strategies like low-cost leadership and innovation. Management information system is an important tool that can be used to shift the cost of doing business (O’Brien & Marakas 56). It enables organisations to lower the cost of doing business by reducing the number of business processes. The system lowers supplier costs by eliminating the need to travel frequently. Lower customer costs may also be achieved through adoption of information systems. Lower costs accompanied by desired quality of goods or services enable an organisation to win new customers and retain old ones. Reduced supplier and customer costs may benefit the organisation in the long run. Generally, information systems reduce both direct and indirect costs of an organisation. Organisations can use information systems to create and improve relations with customers and suppliers (Jessup & Valacich 415). These strategic alliances may help an organisation to increase revenue in the long run. This can be done through development of applications that make customer experiences enjoyable. For instance, applications that create customer forums may be developed to ease interaction between customers and the organisation’s employees. Due to their numerous benefits, information systems have become integral parts of modern day businesses. Works Cited Gaines et al 2011, Information systems as a strategic partner in organizational performance . PDF file. Web. Jessup, Leonard & Joseph Valacich. Information Systems Today (3rd ed.), NY: Pearson Publishing, 2008. Print. O’Brien, James & George Marakas. Management Information Systems (10 th ed.), New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. Print. Good to Great Presentation Why We Need a Conceptual Framework for Managerial Costing The Personal Shopper in Marketing Strategy Boeing Lean Processes: A Case Study Safeguards and Security in Nuclear Waste Empowerment in Customer Service Management Management and strategy consulting The consultant – organizational interaction The Connection Between Performance-Based Pay and Job Satisfaction Notable Changes and Innovations in the Video “Silicon Valley” Chicago (A-D) Chicago (N-B) IvyPanda. (2019, January 17). Management Information Systems in Organizational Performance. https://ivypanda.com/essays/management-information-system-4/ "Management Information Systems in Organizational Performance." IvyPanda , 17 Jan. 2019, ivypanda.com/essays/management-information-system-4/. IvyPanda . (2019) 'Management Information Systems in Organizational Performance'. 17 January. IvyPanda . 2019. "Management Information Systems in Organizational Performance." January 17, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/management-information-system-4/. 1. IvyPanda . "Management Information Systems in Organizational Performance." January 17, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/management-information-system-4/. Bibliography IvyPanda . "Management Information Systems in Organizational Performance." January 17, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/management-information-system-4/. 133 IMAGES What Is Management Information Systems? Free Essay Example Project Management for Information Systems Essay Technical Issues in the Management of Information Systems Essay Example Management information system Case Study Example Management Informational System Review Example Management information system Research Paper Example COMMENTS Management information systems There are different types of management information system notably Transaction processing system (TPS), Management information system (MIS), Decision support system (DSS), Expert System (ES), and Enterprise resource planning systems (ERP). This essay seeks to compare these five different types of management information system in terms of their ... 78 Management Information System Topics for Presentation and Essays Samsung Company's Management Information System. The scope of Management Information System is defined as, "The combination of human and computer based resources that results in the collection, storage, retrieval, communication and use of data for the purpose of efficient management […] Management Information Systems Types: Functions and ... Management Information Systems: [Essay Example], 2768 words Describe how information systems can support each of these competitive strategies and give examples. Low-cost leadership: Use information systems to improve inventory management, supply management, and create efficient customer response systems. Example: Wal-Mart. Essay on Management Information System: Top 9 Essays A Management Information System (MIS) is an integrated user-machine system for providing information to support operations, management and decision making functions in an organization. The system utilizes computers, manual procedures, models for analysis, planning, control and decision-making, and a database. Essay # 2. Essay on Management Information System 1843 Words. 8 Pages. 9 Works Cited. Open Document. Introduction. The purpose of this report is to explain what "Management Information Systems" (MIS) is. This report will discuss how management information system helps different departments in an organization. The functions and advantages of using MIS will also be examined in this report. 86 Information Management Essay Topic Ideas & Examples Information Lifecycle Management Definition. Information Lifecycle Management is an approach used in data management that ensures that there is a sustainable balance between the cost of keeping and managing data and the value of the data to the organization. Script Kiddies: Strategic Information Management. The Evolution of Management Information Systems: A Literature Review Davis (1974) described management information system as "an integrated, man/machine system for pr oviding information to support the operations, management, and decision-making functions in an ... Management Information Systems Essay Discuss Management Information System (MIS) is a combination of tools, processes, and technologies that an organization deploys in order to gather relevant operating data and gain efficiency in internal processes. The system consists of tools and technologies, such as computer software and hardware, as well as technical personnel. Essay on Management Information System (MIS) Essay on the Failure of Management Information System (M.I.S) Essay # 1. Introduction to Management Information System (M.I.S): On one side, science and technology are advancing at an accelerating pace, and society is becoming more and more complex, on the other side break-through in management have been provided due to revolution in the field ... The Management Information System Management Essay Definition: Management Information Systems (MIS) is the term given to the discipline focused on the integration of computer systems with the aims and objectives on an organization. An information system is business application of the computer. It is not just providing Information but also about processing business transaction. Management Information Systems, Essay Example Essays.io ️ Management Information Systems, Essay Example from students accepted to Harvard, Stanford, and other elite schools Management Information System Introduction COVID-19 has forced companies to adopt and enhance information technology systems to stay competitive in business and economic environments. As many people work from home during the pandemic, digital systems are essential to handle professional tasks and ensure business survival. Additionally, many firms have utilized technology to meet the demands of clients who have […] 25650 PDFs The logistics management information system (LMIS) plays a crucial role in effective record-keeping and reporting, ensuring efficient management of stock status and consumption data. A proficient ... Journal of Management Information Systems All papers are refereed in a double anonymized process by the internationally recognized expert referees and by Associate Editors who serve on the distinguished Editorial Board of JMIS. Publication office: Taylor & Francis, Inc., 530 Walnut Street, Suite 850, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Read full aims and scope. Essay on Management Information System (MIS) Essay # 1.Meaning of Management Information System: Management Information System is an all comprehensive information system which is primarily not concerned with the information generated by routine data processing operations, which are called structured information, because every step of processing has been laid out in detail and routine data is used to generate routine information at ... Essay about Management Information Systems Essay about Management Information Systems. ABSTRACT This paper will discuss the questions asked about the four different case studies we are to read this week. The case studies are When antivirus software cripples your computers, How secure is the cloud, Are electronic medical records a cure for heath care, and JetBlue and WestJet: A tale of ... Management Information Systems: Effective Decision-Making and Security Management information systems are the means through which organizations efficiently manage and administer security to their information. Management information systems facilitate effective decision-making and general management in an organization and to do these they utilize technology (computer software and hardware) and varying manual procedures (Shelly et al, 1). Essay on Management Information Systems The MIS program is made of three areas, namely key concept of Information Technology, Computer Hardware and Software, Project Management, Database Design, Information System, Programming, and Design, Telecommunication and Networking. Moreover, analysis and design require analytical, interpersonal, technical, and communication skills. Essay On Information Essay on Management Information System. Introduction The purpose of this report is to explain what "Management Information Systems" (MIS) is. This report will discuss how management information system helps different departments in an organization. The functions and advantages of using MIS will also be examined in this report. Management Information Systems, Application Essay Example Essays.io ️ Management Information Systems, Application Essay Example from students accepted to Harvard, Stanford, and other elite schools Jiaqi Shi Jiaqi Shi Assistant Professor Management Science and Systems School of Management University at Buffalo 325N Jacobs Management Center Buffalo, NY 14260-4000 Tel: 716-645-5482 [email protected] 160 Jacobs Management Center Buffalo, NY 14260-4000 AI-Driven Innovations in Building Energy Management Systems: A ... The operation of buildings accounts for 30% of global final energy consumption and 26% of global energy-related emissions [], and this sector has remained a priority for sustainable development for decades.Although minimum performance standards and building energy codes are becoming more comprehensive and stringent across countries, and the use of efficient and renewable building technologies ... What is Campus Culture? And How School Management Systems Can Help How School Management Systems Can Enhance Campus Culture. Although campus culture may seem like a far-fetched concept, School Management Systems can play a pivotal role in shaping and enhancing it. These systems are more than just administrative tools; they are powerful platforms that can help colleges build a thriving, cohesive community. Types of Management Information Systems in Business Essay There are five types of DSS namely, model-driven, data-driven, communication-driven, document-driven, and knowledge-driven decision support systems. A model-driven DSS uses simulation models to facilitate functions such as financial, production, and sales/ marketing analyses. It utilizes specific data and the parameters specified by managers to ... Essay about Management Information Systems Essay about Management Information Systems. Good Essays. 1294 Words. 6 Pages. Open Document. Management Information System. Statistical Research and Methods for Management Decision. Abstract. In this study, choices of respondent are evaluated to aid the Authority in preparing the scope of services to be used in an RFP for the selection of a ... PDF Cybersecurity Incident & Vulnerability Response Playbooks National Security Systems (NSS) are information systems as defined in 44 U.S.C.3552(b)(6). (A)The term "national security system" means any information system (including any telecommunications system) used or operated by an agency or by a contractor of an agency, or other organization on behalf of an agency— Thermodynamic Modelling of Air Management System for Commercial Abstract. For a short-medium-range aircraft at cruise, the Environmental Control System (ECS) consumes about 75% of the total extracted engine bleed air on average. The Air Management System (AMS) of the ECS significantly reduces the bleed air pressure and temperature to meet the inlet requirements of the Pressurized Air Conditioning Kit (PACK). This paper aims to understand the impact of the ... Call For Datasets & Benchmarks 2024 For papers introducing best practices in creating or curating datasets and benchmarks, the above supplementary materials are not required. For papers resubmitted after being retracted from another venue: a brief discussion on the main concerns raised by previous reviewers and how you addressed them. You do not need to share the original reviews. Nvd References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools. By selecting these links, you will be leaving NIST webspace. We have provided these links to other web sites because they may have information that would be of interest to you. Management Information Systems in Organizational Performance Essay Management Information Systems in Organizational Performance Essay. An information system is made up of hardware/machinery, software, users, data, and the processes needed by the users to produce useable information (Gaines et al 3). It also includes procedures used to store and retrieve information. Information systems can be classified into ... essay homework paper phd review speech study thesis