invalid left hand side assignment javascript

Invalid left-hand side in assignment in JavaScript [Solved]

Last updated: Mar 2, 2024 Reading time · 2 min

# Invalid left-hand side in assignment in JavaScript [Solved]

The "Invalid left-hand side in assignment" error occurs when we have a syntax error in our JavaScript code.

The most common cause is using a single equal sign instead of double or triple equals in a conditional statement.

To resolve the issue, make sure to correct any syntax errors in your code.

Here are some examples of how the error occurs.

# Use double or triple equals when comparing values

The most common cause of the error is using a single equal sign = instead of double or triple equals when comparing values.

The engine interprets the single equal sign as an assignment and not as a comparison operator.

We use a single equals sign when assigning a value to a variable.

However, we use double equals (==) or triple equals (===) when comparing values.

# Use bracket notation for object properties that contain hyphens

Another common cause of the error is trying to set an object property that contains a hyphen using dot notation.

You should use bracket [] notation instead, e.g. obj['key'] = 'value' .

# Assigning the result of calling a function to a value

The error also occurs when trying to assign the result of a function invocation to a value as shown in the last example.

If you aren't sure where to start debugging, open the console in your browser or the terminal in your Node.js application and look at which line the error occurred.

The screenshot above shows that the error occurred in the index.js file on line 25 .

You can hover over the squiggly red line to get additional information on why the error was thrown.

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Copyright © 2024 Borislav Hadzhiev

How to fix SyntaxError: invalid assignment left-hand side

Let me show you an example that causes this error and how I fix it.

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Jan 26, 2017 6:00:03 AM | JavaScript - ReferenceError: invalid assignment left-hand side

Today we examine the invalid assignment error, which is thrown, as the name implies, when code attempts to perform an invalid assignment somewhere.

Next on the list in our extensive JavaScript Error Handling series we're going to examine the Invalid Left-Hand Assignment error in greater detail. The Invalid Left-Hand Assignment error is a sub-object of ReferenceError and is thrown, as the name implies, when code attempts to perform an invalid assignment somewhere.

In this post we'll look at a few code examples to illustrate some common methods of producing an Invalid Left-Hand Assignment error, as well as examine how to handle this error when it rears its ugly head. Let the party begin!

The Technical Rundown

• All JavaScript error objects are descendants of the  Error  object, or an inherited object therein.
• The  ReferenceError  object is inherited from the  Error  object.
• The Invalid Left-Hand Assignment error is a specific type of ReferenceError object.

When Should You Use It?

As one of the simplest JavaScript errors to understand, the Invalid Left-Hand Assignment error appears in only a handful of situations in which code is attempting to pass an assignment incorrectly. While this is generally thought of as a syntactic issue, JavaScript defines this particular assignment error as a ReferenceError, since the engine effectively assumes an assignment to a non-referenced variable is being attempted.

The most common example of an Invalid Left-Hand Assignment error is when attempting to compare a value using a assignment operator (=), rather than using a proper comparison operator (== or ===). For example, here we're attempting to perform a basic comparison of the variable name with the values John or Fred. Unfortunately, we've made the mistake of using the assignment operator =, instead of a comparison operator such as == or ===:

try { var name = 'Bob'; if (name = 'John' || name = 'Fred') { console.log(`${name} returns!`) } else { console.log(`Just ${name} this time.`) } } catch (e) { if (e instanceof ReferenceError) { printError(e, true); } else { printError(e, false); } }

Sure enough, rather than giving us an output, the JavaScript engine produces the expected Invalid Left-Hand Assignment error:

It's worth noting that catching an Invalid Left-Hand Assignment error with a typical try-catch block is particular difficult, because the engine parses the code from inside out, meaning inner code blocks are parsed and executed before outer blocks. Since the issue of using a = assignment operator instead of a == comparison operator means the actual structure of the code is changed from the expected, the outer try-catch fails to be parsed and properly executed. In short, this means Invalid Left-Hand Assignment errors are always "raw", without any simple means of catching them.

Another common method for producing an Invalid Left-Hand Assignment error is when attempting to concatenate a string value onto a variable using the addition assignment += operator, instead of the concatenation operator +. For example, below we're attempting to perform concatenation on the name variable on multiple lines, but we've accidentally used the += operator:

try { var name = 'Bob' += ' Smith';

console.log(`Name is ${name}.`); } catch (e) { if (e instanceof ReferenceError) { printError(e, true); } else { printError(e, false); } }

This isn't the syntax JavaScript expects when concatenating multiple values onto a string, so an Invalid Left-Hand Assignment error is thrown:

To resolve this, we simply need to replace += with the concatenation operator +:

try { var name = 'Bob' + ' Smith';

Now we skip the Invalid Left-Hand Assignment error entirely and get our expected output indicating the full name stored in the name variable:

To dive even deeper into understanding how your applications deal with JavaScript Errors, check out the revolutionary Airbrake JavaScript error tracking tool for real-time alerts and instantaneous insight into what went wrong with your JavaScript code.

Written By: Frances Banks

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Dec 28, 2016 8:00:56 AM | JavaScript Error Handling - ReferenceError: assignment to undeclared variable “x”

Feb 15, 2017 7:41:35 am | javascript error handling: syntaxerror: "use strict" not allowed in function with non-simple parameters, may 21, 2017 9:00:51 am | javascript errors - syntaxerror: test for equality mistyped as assignment.

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ReferenceError: invalid assignment left-hand side

The JavaScript exception "invalid assignment left-hand side" occurs when there was an unexpected assignment somewhere. For example, a single " = " sign was used instead of " == " or " === ".

ReferenceError .

What went wrong?

There was an unexpected assignment somewhere. This might be due to a mismatch of a assignment operator and an equality operator , for example. While a single " = " sign assigns a value to a variable, the " == " or " === " operators compare a value.

Typical invalid assignments

In the if statement, you want to use an equality operator ("=="), and for the string concatenation, the plus ("+") operator is needed.

• Assignment operators
• Equality operators

© 2005–2021 MDN contributors. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License v2.5 or later. https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Errors/Invalid_assignment_left-hand_side

Demystifying JavaScript‘s "Invalid Assignment Left-Hand Side" Error

Assignment operations are fundamental in JavaScript – we use them all the time to assign values to variables. However, occasionally you may come across a confusing error:

This "Invalid Assignment Left-Hand Side" error occurs when you try to assign a value to something that JavaScript will not allow. At first glance, this doesn‘t seem to make sense – isn‘t assignment valid in JS?

In this comprehensive guide, we‘ll demystify exactly when and why this error occurs and equip you with the knowledge to resolve it.

Assignment and Equality Operators in JavaScript

To understand this error, we first need to understand the role of assignment and equality operators in JavaScript.

The Assignment Operator

The assignment operator in JS is the single equals sign = . It is used to assign a value to a variable, like so:

This stores the value 10 in the variable x . Simple enough!

The Equality Operator

The equality operator == checks if two values are equal to each other. For example:

The equality operator == is different from the assignment operator = – it compares values rather than assigning them.

Mixing up assignment and equality is a common source of bugs in JS programs.

Immutable vs Mutable Values in JavaScript

In JavaScript, some values are immutable – they cannot be changed or reassigned. The most common immutable values are:

• Constants like Math.PI
• Primitive values like undefined or null

Trying to reassign an immutable value will lead to our error.

On the other hand, mutable values like variables can be reassigned:

Keeping mutable vs immutable values in mind is key to avoiding "Invalid Assignment" errors.

When and Why This Error Occurs

There are two main situations that cause an "Invalid Assignment Left-Hand Side" error:

1. Attempting to Mutate an Immutable Constant

Immutable constants in JavaScript cannot be reassigned. For example:

Core language constants like Math.PI are immutable. Trying to alter them with the assignment operator = will throw an error.

You‘ll also get an error trying to reassign a declared const variable:

2. Accidentally Using Assignment = Instead of Equality ==

Another common source of this error is accidentally using the single = assignment operator when you meant to use the == equality operator:

This can lead to logical errors, as you are assigning 10 to x rather than checking if x equals 10 .

According to a 2020 survey, over 40% of JavaScript developers have made this mistake that led to bugs in their code.

Example Error Message

When an invalid assignment occurs, you‘ll see an error like:

This tells us there is an invalid assignment on line 2 of myScript.js . The full error message gives us an important clue that an assignment operation is causing the issue.

Let‘s look at a full code example:

Running this would result in our error:

Now that we‘ve seen the error, let‘s walk through debugging techniques.

Debugging an Invalid Assignment

When the "Invalid Assignment Left-Hand Side" error appears, follow these steps:

• Identify the exact line causing the issue from the error stack trace
• Check if the line is trying to reassign a constant value
• If so, use a variable instead of a constant
• Otherwise, verify = is intended and not == for equality

Let‘s demonstrate with our code example:

The error said line 2 was invalid, so we examine it:

Aha! We‘re trying to assign to the constant PI . Since constants are immutable, this causes an error.

To fix, we need to use a mutable variable instead:

That‘s all there is to debugging simple cases like this. Now let‘s look at some tips to avoid the problem altogether.

Avoiding the "Invalid Assignment" Error

With knowledge of assignments and equality in JavaScript, you can avoid these errors with:

• Using const for true constants – Avoid reassignment by default
• Declaring variables rather than trying to mutate language builtins
• Take care with = vs == – Understand what each one does
• Use a linter – Catches many invalid assignments before runtime
• Improve testing – Catch assumption errors around assignments early
• Refactor code – Make invalid assignments impossible through design

Avoiding mutations and validating equality logic will steer you clear of this problem.

Why This Error Matters

At first glance, the "Invalid Assignment Left-Hand Side" error may seem minor. However, it points to flawed assumptions around assignments and equality in JavaScript that can cause major issues down the line.

That‘s why understanding this error is about more than just fixing that one line of code. It represents a milestone in solidifying your mental models around immutable values, variables, assignment and equality in JavaScript.

Making assignments consciously and validating them through linting and testing will level up your code quality and make you a more proficient JS developer.

Key Takeaways

To recap, the core takeaways around the "Invalid Assignment Left-Hand Side" error are:

• It occurs when trying to assign a value to a constant or immutable value
• Accidentally using = instead of == for equality checks is another common cause
• The error message directly states "invalid assignment" which provides a clue
• Debug by checking for assignment to constants or verifying equality checks
• Declare variables and use const properly to avoid reassignment errors
• Differentiate between = assignment and == equality checks

Learning to debug and avoid this error will improve your fundamental JavaScript skills. With time, you‘ll handle invalid assignments with ease!

Dealing with "Invalid Assignment Left-Hand Side" errors may seem cryptic initially. But by leveraging the error message itself and understanding assignments in JavaScript, you can swiftly resolve them.

Immutable values and equality logic are at the heart of these errors. With care and awareness around assignments, you can sidestep these issues in your code going forward.

Debugging and resolving errors like this are an important part of the JavaScript learning journey. Each one makes you a little wiser! So don‘t get discouraged when you run into an "Invalid Assignment" error. Leverage the techniques in this guide to level up your skills.

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JavaScript ReferenceError – Invalid assignment left-hand side

This JavaScript exception invalid assignment left-hand side occurs if there is a wrong assignment somewhere in code. A single “=” sign instead of “==” or “===” is an Invalid assignment.

Error Type:

Cause of the error: There may be a misunderstanding between the assignment operator and a comparison operator.

Basic Example of ReferenceError – Invalid assignment left-hand side, run the code and check the console

Example 1: In this example, “=” operator is misused as “==”, So the error occurred.

Example 2: In this example, the + operator is used with the declaration, So the error has not occurred.

Output: 

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• ReferenceError: invalid assignment left-hand side

The JavaScript exception "invalid assignment left-hand side" occurs when there was an unexpected assignment somewhere. For example, a single " = " sign was used instead of " == " or " === ".

ReferenceError .

What went wrong?

There was an unexpected assignment somewhere. This might be due to a mismatch of a assignment operator and a comparison operator , for example. While a single " = " sign assigns a value to a variable, the " == " or " === " operators compare a value.

Typical invalid assignments

In the if statement, you want to use a comparison operator ("=="), and for the string concatenation, the plus ("+") operator is needed.

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Invalid left-hand side in assignment expression

Hello. I am attempting to create a self-generating biology question that randomly generates three numbers for the problem question, then asks a yes or no question. When I was attempting to create the function that checks for the answer to the question and compared it to the student input, I get the “Invalid left-hand side in assignment expression”

My code is here, line 33 in the JavaScript window: https://codepen.io/KDalang/pen/OJpEdQB

Here is the specific line in question: if (chiTotal <= 3.841 && input=“Yes”) What did I do wrong?

= is assignment of a value to a variable == is weak comparison (with type coercion) === is strong comparison (probably what you want)

Hey thanks for the quick reply! I actually want it to be a “less than or equal to” and I used <=. <== and <=== don’t do anything either.

Edit: Nevermind, I understand now.

Do you try to compare values or do you try to assign a value?

Oh my gosh! Sorry its 2a.m. over here I understand what you and JeremyLT are saying now. Thanks so much!

This topic was automatically closed 182 days after the last reply. New replies are no longer allowed.

このエラーは、JavaScriptのコード内で、値を代入するべき左辺（左側の式）が不正であることを示しています。主な原因:代入演算子（=）の誤用: 比較演算子（==, ===）と間違えて代入演算子を使用している場合。 例： if (x = 5) { // 誤り: 代入ではなく比較を行うべき // ... } 正しくは： if (x === 5) { // 正しい: xと5が等しいかどうか比較する // ... }...

構文エラー: 左側の代入が無効です

JavaScript 例外 "invalid assignment left-hand side" は、どこかに予期しない割り当てがあった場合に発生します。 == または === の代わりに単一の = サインが使用された場合にトリガーされる可能性があります。

SyntaxError または ReferenceError (構文に応じて)。

どこかで予期せぬ任務があった。これは、たとえば assignment operator と equality operator の不一致が原因である可能性があります。単一の = 符号が変数に値を割り当てるのに対し、 == または === 演算子は値を比較します。

典型的な無効な割り当て

if ステートメントでは、等価演算子 ( === ) を使用する必要があり、文字列連結にはプラス演算子 ( + ) が必要です。

ReferenceError を生成する割り当て

無効な代入によって常に構文エラーが発生するとは限りません。場合によっては、構文がほぼ正しい場合でも、実行時に左側の式が参照ではなく値に評価されるため、割り当ては依然として無効になります。このようなエラーは、実行後のステートメントが実際に実行されるときに発生します。

関数呼び出し、 new 呼び出し、 super() 、および this はすべて、参照ではなく値です。これらを左側で使用したい場合は、代わりに代入ターゲットを生成された値のプロパティにする必要があります。

注: Firefox と Safari では、最初の例では非厳密モードで ReferenceError が生成され、 strict mode で SyntaxError が生成されます。Chrome は、厳密モードと非厳密モードの両方でランタイム ReferenceError をスローします。

割り当てターゲットとしてオプションのチェーンを使用する

Optional chaining は有効な割り当てのターゲットではありません。

代わりに、最初にnullish caseを保護する必要があります。

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• Equality operators

© 2005–2023 MDN 寄稿者。 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License v2.5 以降に基づいてライセンスされています。 https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Errors/Invalid_assignment_left-hand_side

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Javascript Destructuring: Invalid left-hand side in assignment expression [duplicate]

im able to do this

[a, b] = await function1(a, b)

but when i do this

[a, b] = await function1(a, b) [a, b] = await function2(a, b)

i get this error message

i have found a work-around but would like to know if theres a way to make my example work.

thanks in advance

• ecmascript-6

• 9 Have you tried it with a semicolon at the end of the call to function1() ? –  Pointy Commented Sep 24, 2018 at 13:55

You just need to add semicolons in. It thinks the second set of [a, b] is part of the same expression, and more specifically that it's an array index. Ie, it sees this much:

... and then thinks "woah, i can't assign anything to await function1(a, b)[a, b] "

So instead do:

Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged javascript ecmascript-6 or ask your own question .

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