etabs group assignments

• Point object
• Frame object
• Cable object
• Tendon object
• Area object
• Solid object
• Link object

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ETABS Best Practices

the summary for demo

Before sending an existing ETABS design into SWAP, it is important to think carefully about how you want to manage the various walls throughout the design process, including how you will ultimately want to schedule them on design drawings. This is a very important step, and will likely take a few hours to do properly. The project manager should be closely involved in this process to make sure the organization of individual wall groups, pier labels, and other aspects of the ETABS pre-processing will result in a design that is easy to work with in SWAP and easy to understand on a drawing schedule.

ETABS Load Combinations

SWAP uses ETABS design loads, which are generated by the ETABS Shear Wall Design module. These loads are used as they include the effects of live load reduction and also consider worst case combinations of enveloped loads which are included in combinations.

It is important to note that when an envelope is included in a design load combination, rather than 2 sets of results (min and max) there will be 8 sets of results added for that combination. The 8 sets correspond to every possible combination of P max and min, M3 max and min, and M2 max and min. Accordingly, it is generally preferable to use non-enveloped load combinations to account for different directions of wind and seismic loads. This approach is also avoids the excess conservatism of applying the worst case moments and axial loads simultaneously, since the these typically occur under different loading conditions.

For a simple example with 4 directional wind loads and the 1.2D+1.0W+1.0L load combination, the following 4 separate load combinations would be preferred:

1.2D + 1.0Wx + 1.0L

1.2D - 1.0Wx + 1.0L

1.2D + 1.0Wy + 1.0L

1.2D - 1.0Wy + 1.0L

Using a single 1.2D + 1.0Wenv + 1.0L (where Wenv is an envelope of all 4 wind directions) would result in 8 total load combinations compared to the 4 separate combos above.

The Load Definition Manager in the CORE ETABS Toolbox provides a quick and powerful way to set up all applicable load combinations in ETABS.

ETABS Pier Labels

Clear pier labelling and carefully thought out assignment of piers over the height of the building are two of the most important aspects to a successful SWAP project.

The Pier and Spandrel Labels section of the TT ETABS Modeling Guidelines are a good starting point for general best practice on pier labels as it pertains to analysis.

For SWAP, consideration must also be given to data organization and ultimately drawing production. ETABS pier labels should generally follow these rules:

ETABS Pier labels should match or relate to how they will be scheduled on drawings. If a pier will be labeled as "SW-01" on the drawings, the pier should also be called "SW-01" and not "PIER003" or some other unrelated name.

ETABS Pier labels should relate to the pier's location. For example, a simple four sided core might have piers N-01, E-01, S-01, and W-01 which are on the north, east, south, and west faces. On a project with core grids, the piers on Grid H might be called H-01, H-02, H-03, etc.

Where ETABS pier geometry changes significantly, a different pier label should be used. Where a 20' long transitions to a 4' segment adjacent to a door opening, the 4' segment should have a unique pier label.

Specific to SWAP, if an ETABS pier geometry changes between two adjacent stories within a given SWAP Tier (see Groups, Tiers, and Piers ), two different pier labels should be used. If the pier will ultimately be scheduled as a single zone on the drawings, a variant of the base pier label can be used. For example, if the typical full width pier is named SW-01A, then the same pier interrupted by a small door opening at a higher floor might be labeled SW-01A.1 and SW-01A.2 at the unique story. When information is ultimately compiled for drawings, the PM knows that these separate SWAP Piers should be consolidated into zone SW-01A on the schedule. (In this case, within SWAP, the engineer should also make sure to keep matching reinforcing in these two unique conditions).

Pier labeling should also consider the layout of Tiers within SWAP. Refer to Notes on Tier Assignments for additional info.

The image below shows an example pier labeling scheme on an actual project with a varying wall geometry. In this project, the wall was scheduled on drawings with three zones SW01A, SW01B, and SW01C. The rebar design for walls in the building was generally changed at levels 1, 2, 5, 7, 9 and roof, which would typically require five tiers within SWAP. Due to various changes in wall geometry, ten tiers were required on this particular wall elevation.

ETABS Groups

It is typically best to have ETABS groups for each wall elevation on a project, since these groups can be used to automatically create corresponding Groups in SWAP. See Groups, Tiers, and Piers for additional guidance on setup of groups, including an example of group assignment for a complex core.

In order for groups to be recognized by the SWAP Exporter , the ETABS group names must start with SWAP, e.g. SWAP-East, SWAP-West, SWAP-North, etc.

Multiple Towers

Multiple towers are not yet fully supported. SWAP compatibility with multiple tower projects should be considered highly experimental.

If a project has multiple towers combined in a single ETABS model which have different and offset stories, the ETABS Multiple Towers functionality should be used (Refer to the ETABS documentation for more information on this feature). Not only will this make the ETABS model easier to work with, it will also allow for a cleaner interaction with the data in SWAP.

Additionally, each tower should be exported to a separate SWAP project. This will ensure that only the piers and story levels associated with each tower are imported into SWAP. Otherwise, unrelated stories from the adjacent tower will be included in all aspects of SWAP, creating additional unnecessary input and output levels and generally resulting in a slower experience within SWAP.

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What is etabs: a comprehensive guide for structural engineers.

ETABS (Extended Three-Dimensional Analysis of Building Systems) is a powerful and widely used software for structural analysis and design in the field of civil engineering. Developed by Computers and Structures, Inc. (CSI), ETABS has become an industry-standard tool for structural engineers working on a wide range of projects, from high-rise buildings and bridges to industrial facilities and offshore structures.

This comprehensive guide aims to provide structural engineers with a deep understanding of ETABS, its capabilities, and its practical applications. Whether you are a seasoned professional or a newcomer to the world of structural analysis software, this guide will equip you with the knowledge and skills necessary to leverage the full potential of ETABS in your engineering projects.

Key Features of ETABS

Meshing and analysis model, design and optimization, reporting and documentation, cloud computing and collaboration.

Understanding the Fundamentals of ETABS

What is etabs.

ETABS is a comprehensive software package that integrates various structural analysis and design modules into a single, user-friendly platform. It is based on the finite element method (FEM), which allows engineers to model and analyze complex structures with a high degree of accuracy.

The software provides a wide range of tools and features for modeling, analysis, design, and documentation, making it a versatile solution for structural engineers working on projects of varying complexity.

Structural Modeling : ETABS offers a robust and intuitive modeling environment, allowing engineers to create detailed 3D models of structures, including buildings, bridges, and other complex systems. Analysis Capabilities : The software supports a wide range of analysis types, including static, dynamic, linear, and nonlinear analyses, as well as advanced techniques such as pushover analysis and time-history analysis. Design and Optimization : ETABS incorporates various design codes and standards, enabling engineers to design and optimize structural elements such as beams, columns, slabs, and foundations according to specific code requirements. Visualization and Reporting : The software provides powerful visualization tools for displaying analysis results, including deformed shapes, stress contours, and animation capabilities. Comprehensive reporting features allow engineers to generate detailed reports and documentation. Interoperability : ETABS seamlessly integrates with other CSI software products, such as SAP2000 for advanced structural analysis and SAFE for slab and foundation design, enabling a streamlined workflow and data exchange.

Structural Modeling in ETABS

Creating a new model.

The first step in using ETABS is to create a new model or open an existing one. The software provides a user-friendly interface for defining the project settings, such as units, grid systems, and material properties.

Geometry and Structural Components

ETABS offers a variety of tools and commands for creating and modifying the structural geometry, including:

Grid Systems : Define orthogonal or skewed grid systems to establish the overall layout of the structure. Structural Objects : Create and edit structural objects such as columns, beams, braces, walls, slabs, and ramps using intuitive drawing tools or by importing geometry from other CAD software. Editing Tools : Utilize powerful editing tools to modify the geometry, copy or array objects, and adjust object properties.

Material Properties and Sections

ETABS provides a comprehensive material library and section properties database, allowing engineers to assign appropriate material properties and cross-sectional properties to structural elements. Custom materials and sections can also be defined as needed.

Load Cases and Load Combinations

ETABS supports the definition of various load cases, such as dead loads, live loads, wind loads, seismic loads, and user-defined loads. Load combinations can be created based on specific design codes or user-defined criteria, ensuring that the structure is analyzed and designed for the most critical loading scenarios.

Once the structural model is complete, ETABS automatically generates a finite element mesh, which represents the discretized model used for analysis. Engineers can review and adjust the mesh settings, such as element types and mesh refinement, to achieve the desired level of accuracy and computational efficiency.

Structural Analysis in ETABS

Linear static analysis.

Linear static analysis is the most fundamental analysis type in ETABS, where the structure is analyzed under static loads, assuming linear-elastic material behavior. This analysis provides valuable information about the internal forces, stresses, and deformations of the structure.

Dynamic Analysis

ETABS offers various dynamic analysis capabilities, including modal analysis, response spectrum analysis, and time-history analysis. These analyses are crucial for evaluating the structural response to dynamic loads, such as earthquakes and wind excitations.

Modal Analysis : Determines the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the structure, which are essential for understanding its dynamic behavior and for subsequent dynamic analyses. Response Spectrum Analysis : Calculates the maximum responses of a structure subjected to a specified response spectrum, which represents the seismic or wind loading. This analysis is commonly used for designing structures in seismic regions or for evaluating wind-induced vibrations. Time-History Analysis : Performs a step-by-step analysis of the structure’s response to a time-varying load, such as ground motion records or wind time histories. This analysis provides a detailed understanding of the structure’s behavior over time, including displacements, accelerations, and internal forces.

Nonlinear Analysis

ETABS offers advanced nonlinear analysis capabilities to account for material and geometric nonlinearities, which are crucial for capturing the realistic behavior of structures under extreme loading conditions.

Pushover Analysis : A static nonlinear analysis that evaluates the structure’s performance by incrementally applying lateral loads until a target displacement or collapse mechanism is reached. This analysis is widely used for seismic performance assessment and design. Nonlinear Time-History Analysis : A dynamic nonlinear analysis that considers the structure’s nonlinear material behavior and geometric nonlinearities while subjecting it to time-varying loads, such as earthquake ground motions.

ETABS incorporates various design codes and standards, enabling engineers to design and optimize structural elements according to specific code requirements. The software supports design for concrete, steel, composite, and other materials, including:

Concrete Design : Design of beams, columns, slabs, and foundations based on codes such as ACI 318, Eurocode 2, and others. Steel Design : Design of steel members, connections, and systems based on codes like AISC 360, Eurocode 3, and more. Composite Design : Design of composite members and systems, combining concrete and steel elements. Optimization : ETABS offers optimization tools that allow engineers to optimize member sizes, rebar layouts, and other design parameters to achieve cost-effective and efficient designs while meeting code requirements.

Visualization and Reporting

ETABS provides powerful visualization and reporting capabilities, enabling engineers to effectively communicate and document their analysis and design results.

Visualization Tools

Deformed Shape Viewer : Visualize the deformed shape of the structure under various load cases or combinations, providing insights into the structural behavior and potential areas of concern. Stress and Force Contours : Display contour plots of stresses, forces, and other quantities on structural elements, allowing for easy identification of critical regions. Animation : Create animations of the structure’s response to dynamic loads, such as earthquakes or wind, to better understand its behavior over time.

Customizable Reports : Generate comprehensive reports that include input data, analysis settings, design results, and other relevant information, with the ability to customize report templates and layouts. Drawings and Sketches : Create detailed drawings and sketches of the structural model, including plans, elevations, and sections, with automatic dimensioning and labeling. Integration with CAD and BIM : ETABS supports seamless integration with CAD and Building Information Modeling (BIM) software, enabling the exchange of model data and the generation of construction documents.

Advanced Topics and Applications

Performance-based design.

ETABS supports performance-based design methodologies, which evaluate the structure’s performance against specific performance objectives or target levels. This approach is particularly useful for designing structures in seismic regions or for assessing the resilience of critical infrastructure.

Soil-Structure Interaction

ETABS can account for soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects, which are important when analyzing structures founded on flexible soil or rock. The software provides tools for modeling soil properties, foundation elements, and their interactions, enabling more accurate analysis and design.

Bridge Analysis and Design

While primarily focused on building structures, ETABS can also be used for the analysis and design of bridges. It offers specialized tools and features for modeling bridge components, such as girders, bearings, and abutments, as well as capabilities for analyzing bridge loads and performing code-based design checks.

Integration with Other CSI Products

ETABS seamlessly integrates with other CSI software products, such as SAP2000 for advanced structural analysis and SAFE for slab and foundation design. This integration enables a streamlined workflow and data exchange, allowing engineers to leverage the strengths of each software package within a unified environment.

SAP2000 Integration : ETABS models can be easily transferred to SAP2000 for more advanced analysis capabilities, such as cable analysis, buckling analysis, and specialized nonlinear analyses. Results from SAP2000 can then be imported back into ETABS for design and documentation. SAFE Integration : Slab and foundation models created in ETABS can be seamlessly transferred to SAFE for detailed design and optimization. SAFE’s advanced capabilities for slab and mat foundation design complement ETABS’s structural analysis and design features.

Parametric Studies and Optimization

ETABS supports parametric studies and optimization techniques, enabling engineers to explore multiple design scenarios and optimize structural configurations based on specific performance criteria or cost functions.

Parametric Studies : Perform parametric analyses by systematically varying input parameters, such as material properties, member sizes, or loading conditions, and evaluating the impact on structural performance. Optimization Techniques : Utilize optimization algorithms, such as genetic algorithms or gradient-based methods, to find optimal solutions for structural design problems, considering multiple objectives and constraints.

Application Programming Interface (API)

ETABS provides an Application Programming Interface (API), which allows engineers and developers to extend the software’s functionality and automate repetitive tasks through custom scripts or applications. The API supports various programming languages, including VB.NET, C#, and Python, enabling seamless integration with other software tools and workflows.

With the rise of cloud computing and remote collaboration, ETABS offers cloud-based solutions that facilitate project sharing, team collaboration, and remote access to computational resources. These capabilities enable engineers to work efficiently across different locations and leverage scalable computing power for large-scale or computationally intensive analyses.

Best Practices and Considerations

While ETABS is a powerful and versatile tool, it is essential to follow best practices and considerations to ensure accurate and reliable results:

Model Validation : Validate the structural model by comparing analysis results with hand calculations, simplified models, or experimental data for simple cases to ensure the model is behaving as expected. Mesh Refinement : Perform mesh convergence studies to determine the appropriate level of mesh refinement required for accurate results, balancing computational efficiency and solution accuracy. Code Compliance : Ensure that the design codes and standards used in ETABS are up-to-date and appropriate for the project location and requirements. Interpretation of Results : Exercise professional judgment and engineering expertise when interpreting analysis results, as ETABS outputs should be critically evaluated and not blindly accepted. Quality Assurance and Peer Review : Implement quality assurance procedures, such as peer review and independent model checking, to minimize the risk of errors and ensure the reliability of the analysis and design. Software Updates and Training : Stay up-to-date with the latest software updates, enhancements, and best practices by attending training sessions, webinars, or consulting the software documentation and user community. Backup and Version Control : Regularly backup project files and consider implementing version control systems to track changes and enable collaboration among team members. Performance Optimization : Optimize model complexity and analysis settings to achieve reasonable computational times, especially for large or complex models. Documentation and Traceability : Maintain thorough documentation of the modeling process, assumptions, analysis settings, and design decisions to ensure traceability and facilitate future reference or modifications.

By following these best practices and considerations, structural engineers can leverage the full potential of ETABS while maintaining the highest standards of accuracy, reliability, and professional practice.

ETABS is a powerful and comprehensive software tool that has revolutionized the field of structural analysis and design. With its advanced modeling capabilities, robust analysis features, and seamless integration with design codes and standards, ETABS empowers structural engineers to tackle complex projects with confidence and efficiency.

This comprehensive guide has provided an in-depth exploration of ETABS, covering its fundamental concepts, structural modeling techniques, analysis methods, design and optimization capabilities, visualization and reporting tools, and advanced applications. By mastering ETABS, structural engineers can streamline their workflows, optimize designs, and ensure the safety and resilience of structures across a wide range of projects.

As the demands for more sustainable, resilient, and innovative structures continue to grow, the role of advanced software tools like ETABS will become increasingly crucial. By staying up-to-date with the latest software developments, embracing emerging technologies, and adhering to best practices, structural engineers can leverage the full potential of ETABS to deliver high-quality, cost-effective, and cutting-edge solutions.

Furthermore, the integration of ETABS with other CSI software products, such as SAP2000 and SAFE, as well as its support for parametric studies, optimization techniques, and cloud computing, opens up new avenues for interdisciplinary collaboration, design exploration, and computational efficiency.

As the field of structural engineering continues to evolve, the importance of software tools like ETABS in facilitating accurate analysis, efficient design, and effective communication cannot be overstated. By combining the power of ETABS with sound engineering judgment and a commitment to continuous learning, structural engineers can push the boundaries of what is possible, creating structures that not only meet functional requirements but also inspire and enrich the built environment.

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18 Nov 2020

Everything You Need to Know About ETABS

In today's world, domains like mechanical engineering, civil engineering, structural engineering, and naval architecture go hand-in-hand with computational tools. Software tools and applications are indispensable in every form of engineering because they simplify several processes, help us carry out accurate calculations, and run simulations that would otherwise be too expensive to try out in the real world. 

The field of structural engineering is a subdivision of civil engineering where engineers focus on the stability, strength, and rigidity of structures. Structural engineers should understand when to use which material to build a structure, what geometry it should have, and other such factors. There are some specialized software packages to assist these engineers in their work, one of which is ETABS. 

Introduction to ETABS

Along with STAAD Pro and ProtaStructure, ETABS is one of the most powerful software tools for structural analysis. 3D modeling, visualization, and automatic code-based learning are some of the unique features of this software. ETABS also supports several analytical models like response spectrum analysis, time-history analysis, and line direct integration time-history analysis. 

Advantages of ETABS

Compared to the other structural engineering software packages available in the market, ETABS has several advantages. Here are some of them:

• Built-in drawing utilities: To aid the engineers in modeling, ETABS comes with a built-in feature for drawing and drafting. Some other packages also have this feature, but the quality is much better in ETABS.
• Extensive reports: ETABS generates detailed and comprehensive reports for every project or task you perform, be it calculation of stresses, deformation or failure analysis, and design summary.
• Design of concrete and steel frames: Among all the materials available to build structures, concrete and steel are by far utilized the most in terms of volume. ETABS has specialized modules that deal with concrete and steel frames to optimize your calculations and offer capacity checks for frame elements.

Thanks to these features, ETABS is used by most structural engineers and architecture firms across the world. 

Course Content

Introduction.

The first part of the course covers an introduction to ETABS usage. You get to learn about the various components on the ETABS screen and how to use the grids for modeling (similar to any other computer-aided design or CAD software). 

Then, you learn how to define the various parameters that structural engineers use for modeling and analysis (for example: how to load samples in certain structures like beams or slabs, how to give supports, etc.). Assigning of parameters and creating the model is the primary step, and incorrectly doing this could spoil all the analysis that follows. 

The last part of this module covers the drawing aspects of various ETABS elements. By the end of this, you should have the fundamental knowledge of how to build a model, including answers to questions like, "Why should meshing be done?", "How to draw beams and how to draw slabs?" "How to give labels?" and so on. 

Modeling of Structures 

In the next module, you get hands-on experience in building a 3D model . Using the ETABS grids and the other CAD tools available, you can design a structure in the software, thereby getting a good idea of the theory and its application. 

You can also check the model you built: the joints must be connected properly, the diaphragms should be assigned correctly, and other warnings or errors should be rectified at this stage. 

Linear Static Earthquake Analysis 

The procedure followed for the linear static analysis is per the IS 1893 (Part 1): 2016 standard. In this module, you have to define the various parameters associated with the linear static earthquake analysis, like the time period, zone factor, and the range of impact. 

Once you cross this stage, you should also interpret and analyze the result you get and come to a meaningful conclusion. 

Linear Dynamic Analysis (Response Spectrum Analysis)

For dynamic analysis, the same standard, IS 1893 (Part 1): 2016, is followed. Here, you need to calculate the natural time period or frequency of the building or the structure of interest with the help of modal averages.

Using these values, you then calculate the peak response time of the structure using a spectrum acceleration curve. In the end, you need to analyze the results, check for errors and warnings, and frame a conclusion. 

Linear Static Wind Analysis 

A structure usually handles various forms of forces and loads, one of which is the force of moving wind. Unlike earthquakes, which are relatively rare occurrences, a structure's interaction with wind is a daily phenomenon. 

The main factor that distinguishes different regions in India is the average wind speed. Based on this number, as well as building parameters like the height and area, you should calculate the force field of the wind on the structure. You will learn how to perform this calculation using the ETABS software. 

P-Delta Analysis 

P-Delta analysis is a type of secondary analysis that captures the softening effect of compressive forces and the stiffening effect of tensile loads, especially in the lateral directions (i.e., not gravitational forces). 

If an axial force, P, displaces a part of the structure by a small amount, delta, the total moment, P multiplied by delta (hence the name), must be taken into consideration for all structural analysis calculations. 

Pre-Engineered Buildings

The course also covers the modeling and analysis of pre-engineering buildings, i.e., buildings where the individual components are manufactured elsewhere and are directly assembled at the site. 

Since this structure is essentially a collection of built-up parts, the structural analysis is not the same as that of a regular structure. You learn how to define different parameters and tweak the calculations for wind and earthquake analysis. 

Conclusion 

From a simple two-bedroom house to the Burj Khalifa, every structure ever built needed the assistance and guidance of structural engineers. If you are interested in structural engineering, knowing an overview of ETABS and other such structural analysis packages can vastly enhance your job prospects. 

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