COMMENTS

  1. Pretest-Posttest Design: Definition & Examples

    1.Administer a pre-test to a group of individuals and record their scores. 2. Administer some treatment designed to change the score of individuals. 3. Administer a post-test to the same group of ind…

  2. Experimental Designs

    A covariance design (also called a concomitant variable design) is a special type of pretest posttest control group design where the pretest measure is essentially a measurement of the …

  3. Pretest-posttest designs and measurement of change

    Pretest-posttest designs are widely used in behav-ioral research, primarily for the purpose of comparing groups and/or measuring change resulting from exper-imental treatments. The …

  4. Pretest-Posttest Designs

    Pretest-posttest designs are an expansion of the posttest only design with nonequivalent groups, one of the simplest methods of testing the effectiveness of an intervention. In this design, which uses two groups, one group is given the …

  5. Why Is the One-Group Pretest–Posttest Design Still …

    More than 50 years ago, Donald Campbell and Julian Stanley (1963) carefully explained why the one-group pretest–posttest pre-experimental design (Y 1 X Y 2) was a very poor choice for testing the effect of an …

  6. Pretest–Posttest Design

    Pretest–posttest designs are employed in both experimental and quasi-experimental research and can be used with or without control groups. For example, quasi-experimental …

  7. One-Group Pretest–Posttest Design

    A one-group pretest–posttest design is a type of research design that is most often utilized by behavioral researchers to determine the effect of a treatment or intervention on a given …

  8. Pretest-Posttest Comparison Group Designs: Analysis and …

    The pretest-posttest comparison group design is one of the most extensively used methods to evaluate clinical research, but it is often overanalyzed with more than one analysis when one is …

  9. Non-equivalent Control Group Pretest–Posttest Design in Social …

    Overcoming possible threats to internal and external validity in a non-equivalent control group pretest–posttest design, such as cofounding variables, are discussed in …